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JORDAN
SAUDI ARABIA
Kurdistan
SFC 2000
F erhenga
Kurmanci-Inglizi
Michael L. Chyet
with selected etymologies
by Martin Schwartz
Yale University Press New Haven and London
Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Philip Hamilton McMillan
of the Class of 1894, Yale College.
Copyright © 2003 by Yale University.
All rights reserved.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond
that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers
for the public press), without written permission from the publishers.
Set in Anatoliano, Armenian, Axalcixe, Georgian, IPA, Kadmos, Kurdish-Cyrillic, Mikhaelekh,
Nestorian, and Sorani types. Printed in the United States of America.
Publisher:
Editorial Assistant:
Manuscript Editor:
Production Editor:
Production Controller:
Production Manager:
Marketing:
Mary Jane Peluso
Gretchen Rings
Joyce Ippolito
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Joyce Ippolito
Paul Royster
Tim Shea
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chyet, Michael L.
Kurdish-English dictionary = Ferhenga Kurmancl-Ingllzl / Michael L. Chyet; with selected
etymologies by Martin Schwartz.
p. cm. = (Yale language series)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-300-09152-4 (alk. paper)
1. Kurdish language—Dictionaries—English. I. Title: Ferhenga Kurmancl - Inglizi. II. Title. III. Series.
9
PK6906.C44 2003
491’.597321— dc21 2002193384
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on
Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
10 987654321
r
Contents
Remembrance and Hope: An Introduction to the Dictionary
• •
Vll
Acknowledgments
xviii
How to Use the Dictionary
XX
Abbreviations
xxii
Abbreviations of Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
xxiv
Sources for Linguistic Comparison
xxxiii
Places of Informant Origin
xxxvii
Standard Kurdish Orthography Table
xxxix
Calendar Systems
xli
Kurdish-English Dictionary
A .
. 1
N .
....400
B .
...19
O .
....425
C .
...82
P/P’ .
....428
Q/Q' .
...97
Q.
....470
D .
.118
R/R .
....500
E & ‘E .
.171
S .
....527
A
E .
.186
§ .
....567
F .
.189
T/T’ .
....594
G .
.200
U .
....631
H .
.231
0 .
....632
• «
H .
.267
V .
....633
I .
.282
w .
....640
A
1 .
.283
X .
....648
J .
.288
• •
X .
....677
K/K’ .
.294
Y .
....678
L .
.344
Z .
....681
M .
.360
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
703
To Sabri Hoca
and
Ruth Z. Trager
Ji Sebri Xoce
A
u
Ruth Z. Trager ra
Remembrance and Hope:
An Introduction to the Dictionary
The goal of creating a dictionary is to reflect accurately the language in question as it is used by
native speakers both in speech and in writing. In the case of Kurmanji, the northern dialect of
Kurdish, the spoken language is far more developed and varied than the written language, largely
because the Turkish, Iraqi, Iranian, and Syrian governments have banned the use of Kurdish for all
official purposes. In practice, this means that most speakers of Kurmanji are illiterate, at least in
Kurdish: if they have any formal education, it is in either Turkish, Arabic, or Persian. Only the
Kurdish minority in formerly Soviet Armenia has had the opportunity to be educated in Kurmanji.
On the other hand, the situation for Sorani, the central dialect of Kurdish—spoken in Iraqi and
Iranian Kurdistan—is more balanced in this respect: many more native speakers of this dialect are
also literate in it, and have consequently incorporated a more technical vocabulary into their
everyday speech.
Kurmanji lexicographers are faced with a dilemma: when dealing with a language that has
yet to develop a technical vocabulary, they have the task of providing what is used by people, and
conversely feel a duty to provide the missing technical vocabulary- Modern lexicographers strive
to present a work that is descriptive, i.e., a realistic reflection of the language as it is used by native
speakers. When it comes to technical vocabulary known only by a small literate intelligentsia,
however, the imposition of such vocabulary items on a populace unfamiliar with them, in the
hope that some day such terms will gain currency and he accepted by the general population,
creates the danger of making the dictionary into a prescriptive, rather than descriptive, work.
I have been compiling this dictionary for the past fifteen years. In undertaking this
mammoth project, 1 have taken a critical look at the various Kurdish dictionaries already in
existence (Kurdish-Russian, Kurdish-Turkish, Kurdish-Arahic, Kurdish-French, Kurdish-German,
and more recently Kurdish-English)—taking care to weed out old errors—and adding material
from my own fieldwork, both abroad and with immigrant communities in the United States.
Moreover, I have culled many words from my own reading of literary, folkloristic, and journalistic
sources.
Besides reflecting modern usage, I attempt wherever possible to give accurate etymologies
for the words in the dictionary, an undertaking that will link Kurdish with the wider field of
Iranian linguistics (Iranistics). At UC Berkeley, Professor Martin Schwartz has been of invaluable
assistance in this endeavor. I should point out that modern usage has changed since I began this
« «
Vll
Remembrance and Hope
project fifteen years ago. While it is now stylish to pepper one's Kurmanji with Sorani words, this
was not the case a decade ago. I have often been in a quandary as to how much of this vocabulary
to include.
Unfortunately, putting together a Kurdish dictionary is not a matter of simply pulling the
data from all the existing dictionaries into one big lexicon. Originally, my intention was to do just
this, augmenting the results with my own field notes. I soon learned, however, that all too many of
the existing Kurmanji dictionaries are full of inaccuracies and mistakes: by listing entries of
questionable value, one would once more be giving new life to old mistakes. Moreover, the
published dictionaries tend to be limited in scope. Most deal only with the vocabulary of one
region—an advantage mainly for dialect geography. Only the newer ones have tackled modern
journalistic vocabulary. Some dictionaries borrow liberally from earlier dictionaries and works,
reviving old errors in the process.
Although Kurdish can be written in three different alphabets—between which there is a
simple one-to-one correspondence—only one dictionary (Feryad Fazil Omar’s Kurdisch-
Deutsches Worterbuch) uses both Latin and Arabic script, thereby making the work easily
accessible to Kurds from Turkey as well as to those from Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
Three aspects of Kurdish phonology are unevenly treated in the dictionaries: emphatic
consonants, gutturals, and aspirated consonants. Regrettably, the emphatics (akin to Arabic S-d-
t—Z) are largely undocumented in the existing dictionaries. The older dictionaries in Arabic script
hint at this feature by occasionally employing the Arabic letters ^ fjs b>. My informants from
Iraqi Kurdistan generally have an emphatic where the old dictionaries use these Arabic emphatics.
In her texts from Amadiya and Jebel Sinjar, Joyce Blau regularly indicates this feature by
underscoring the consonant in question (s-t-z). Although this issue has been the subject of detailed
study in Arabic, tbe only work I know of that deals with it in Kurdish is the dissertation of
Margaret Kahn (MK), author of The Children of the Jinn. Some work on the same feature in the
neighboring Neo-Aramaic dialects has been done by the late Irene Garbell and Robert Hoberman.
This seems to be an areal feature.
As for the gutturals, many Kurds refuse to accept the fact that these “Arabic sounds” exist in
their language, and consequently neglect to include them in their writing system. The fact is that
not only the Kurdish of this region, but also the Turkish and the Neo-Aramaic dialects spoken here,
exhibit guttural sounds. What’s more, the sounds represented by q and x are also found in Arabic,
but are not rejected on the same basis. This entire argument is unscientific at best, and is really a
political statement that has no place in a scholarly discussion of phonetics and orthography.
These guttural sounds are an integral part of the Kurdish language of today, and should be
recognized as such, as they already have been by Soviet scholars, as well as by Margaret Kahn in
her doctoral dissertation. Professor Otto Jastrow, a specialist in Neo-Aramaic and Arabic, believes
that this feature was borrowed into Kurdish from Aramaic before the Islamic conquests brought
Arabic to Kurdistan. In any case, those who write Kurdish in Latin script, with the notable
exception of the Soviet-trained scholars, tend to ignore the gutturals for the purposes of writing.
The Soviets write these sounds as ft-e‘-x, the latter (x) borrowed from Bedirxan, the former two
created by analogy. I have made an adjustment regarding e‘: when the sound is [ £ ayin] + e, as at the
beginning of a word (in Arabic script written as-), I have written it as ‘e, placing the apostrophe
vm
An Introduction to the Dictionary
before the vowel. By analogy, one also finds ‘a (U), £ i £ o (£e-), £ u I have reserved e’ for
cases where the vowel [e] is followed by the [ £ ayin], as in the word me‘r, a dialectal variant of mar
[snake]. Those who write in Arabic script generally have no problem writing :> p p in the
appropriate places.
There is a great deal of regional variation regarding these sounds. The word for 'forehead' is
‘enl - eni - hen! and even fieni depending on where the speaker hails from. Moreover, it is a
shibboleth of both Yezidi speech and the Sorani subdialect of the Arbil region to transpose ^ [ £ ]
and [K], such that the name fiaci ‘All becomes ‘Aci Hall. If these sounds did not exist in
Kurdish, how could we explain this very Kurdish dialectal feature?
Finally, the aspirated/non-aspirated consonantal pairs (p’-p/t’-t/k’-k/g’-g) are regularly
distinguished by the Soviet scholars and in a few works by modem linguists. The Soviet scholars,
many of whom also know Armenian, have no doubt been influenced by the existence of this
feature in Armenian as well. This distinction is generally ignored in modern Kurdish publications,
with two notable exceptions: Musa Anter’s Kurdish-Turkish dictionary—in which only the pair k’
[kh]/k is distinguished—and Baran Rizgar’s Kurdish-English/English-Kurdish dictionary. In the
Arabic script, I am aware of only one publication that distinguishes these consonantal pairs.
Nevertheless, for my informants from Iraqi Kurdistan—who are most comfortable using the Arabic
script—the distinction is real, and has a phonemic importance. For example, they distinguish kitik
= 'dried figs' [with non-aspirated k) from k’itik = 'cal’ (with aspirated k).
It should be noted that the earliest collectors of Kurdish texts, among them Oskar Mann,
Albert Socin, and M. Auguste Jaba, while failing to distinguish these various consonantal niceties,
went overboard in trying to record the most infinitesimal gradation of vowel length. The same can
be said for contemporary texts in Arabic, Noo-Aramaic, Turkish, and the like.
Another problem with the existing dictionaries (particularly Anter, Gewrani, Tori, and Izoli
[1st ed.]) is the plethora of misprints in them. Because of this extremely common phenomenon, it
is sometimes unclear whether what appears to be a variant form is in fact a typo, or simply due to
regional variation. It is, of course, beyond the scope of any dictionary to index typographical
errors as if they were real words.
One effective solution to the problems outlined above—both phonetic inexactitude and the
frequent occurrence of misprints—can be suggested: reliable informants. With the recent influx of
refugees from Iraqi Kurdistan, there are more native speakers of Kurdish in the United States than
ever before. For the dialects of Kurdish spoken in Turkey and Syria, the Kurdish immigrant
population in Europe is so numerous that almost every conceivable subdialect is represented there.
Not every native speaker is an ideal linguistic informant, but by befriending these people and
gaining their trust, many of the mistakes of the past (both linguistic and otherwise] can be
addressed.
The two earliest dictionaries are Ahmed-i Khani’s Niibara bigukan (1094 A.H. = 1682-83
A.D.) and Garzoni’s Grammatics e vocabolario della lingua kurda (Roma 1787], The former was a
rhyming Arabic-Kurdish lexicon for use in Islamic kuttabs, to teach basic Arabic words to Kurdish
schoolboys. It is available in a reprint edition through the Philo Press in Amsterdam. The latter was
written by an eighteenth-century Italian missionary, Maurizio Garzoni, to enable missionaries to
converse with Kurmanji speakers.
IX
Remembrance and Hope
My distinguished colleague Amir Hassanpour has a detailed discussion of Kurdish
lexicography in his fine book Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985 (1992). He deals
largely with Sorani, the central dialect of Kurdish, and with monolingual dictionaries. In what
follows, I discuss the Kurmanji dictionaries I referred to while creating this dictionary.
• JJ = Auguste Jaba & Ferdinand Justi. Dictionnaire Kurde-Frangais (St.-Petersbourg: Eggers et
Cie, 1879), xviii, 463 p.
This is the first important early Kurdish foreign language dictionary. The entries
are in Arabic script with a rather unsystematic Latin transcription. Earlier vocabularies,
such as those of Garzoni, Rhea, Lerch, and Prym & Socin, are subsumed into this work.
• HH = Yusuf Ziyaeddin Pasa. al-Hadlyah al-Hamldlyah. (Beirut, 1975), 56, 240 p. =
Mohammad Mokri. Recherches de Kurdologie: Dictionnaire Kurde-Arabe de Dia’ Ad-Din
Pacha al-Khalidi : introduction et notes linguistiques, notice sur la phonetique et la
graphie arabo-persane du dialecte kurmandji, Textes et etude religieux, linguistiques et
ethnographiques (Langues et civilisation iraniennes), no. 4 (Beyrouth & Paris, 1975), 56,
240 p.
First published in 1892, this is a Kurdish-Arabic dictionary based on the dialect of
Bitlis, Turkish Kurdistan. Ziya al-Din Pasha, a Palestinian Arab, was a high-ranking
Ottoman official, and he composed the dictionary while he was kaymakam (governor) of
Motki in the vilayet of Bitlis. It is in Arabic script, and although it predates the modern
orthography, it employs a system that corresponds exactly to the modern orthographies.
This book was reissued in Turkey in 1978 in Latin script, with Turkish translations
rather than the original Arabic, by M. Emin Bozarslan.
• B = Ch. Kh. Bakaev. Kurdsko-RusskilSlovar' ... okolo 14000 slov s prilozheniem
grammaticheskogo ocherka kurdskogo iazyka (Moscow : Gosudarstvennoe IzdateKstvo
Inostrannykh i NalsionaTnykh Slovarei, 1957), 618 p.
This Kurdish-Russian dictionary was the work of a trained linguist, a native
speaker of the language. The entires are in the Cyrillic alphabet, distinguishing both
aspirated/unaspirated consonant pairs (p/p 1 ; t/P; k/k’; g/g 1 ) and differentiating guttural
e’/fi/x from e/h/x. Moreover, the gender of nouns, as well as the ± transitivity and
present stem of verbs, are provided. Entries are often illustrated with sample sentences.
It includes a survey of grammar, with tables for verb conjugations and noun inflections.
None of the three dictionaries mentioned so far include modern technical
coinages, although Bakaev does feature some pan-Soviet vocabulary items.
• K = K. K. Kurdoev. Ferhenga Kurdi-Rusi - Kurdsko-Russkil Slovar' (Moscow :
Gosudarstvennoe izd-vo inostrannykh i natsional'nykh slovarei, 1960), 890 p.
This large Kurdish-Russian dictionary purports to be the most comprehensive
Kurmanji dictionary in existence. The dictionary entries are in the Latin script
accompanied by a Cyrillic phonetic script in brackets (presumably for the convenience
of Russian speakers), distinguishing aspirated/unaspirated consonant pairs in the
bracketed phonetic script only, but differentiating guttural e’/li/x from e/h/x throughout.
The vague designation K>-K [iuzhno-kurdskii = Southern Kurdish] sometimes refers to
x
An Introduction to the Dictionary
the Behdinani dialects of Kurmanji, while at other times it refers to the Sorani dialect:
these are two distinct entities, and should be treated separately. Often words taken from
Jaba & Justi’s dictionary are given this designation. As with Bakaev, there is a
grammatical section at the back that, among other things, briefly outlines the
morphology of the Kurdish noun and verb. Kurdoev also wrote a good detailed
grammar of Kurmanji Kurdish (K2).
• A = Musa Anter. Ferhenga Khurdi-Tirki - Kiirdge-Tiirkge Sozliik (Istanbul : Yeni Matbaa,
1967], 167 p.
This Kurdish-Turkish dictionary was compiled while the author was in prison in
Istanbul. This had been the only dictionary available in Turkey until recently, even
though it has long been banned. In the course of reading Kurdish texts I have
occasionally come across words that were explained in this dictionary alone, such as
gerxi, a silver coin in use during the Ottoman Empire. It also features much of the
distinctive vocabulary of the Mardin region.
• JB3 = Joyce Blau. Kurdish-French-English Dictionary = Dictionnaire Kurde- Frangais-
Anglais (Bruxelles : Centre pour l’Etude des Problemes du Monde Musulman
Contemporain, 1965], xvii, 263 p.
This was an early attempt by Kamuran Bedir Khan of the Sorbonne to compile a
dictionary of literary Kurmanji, for which his student Joyce Blau has been given credit.
The words which appear in it are largely taken from the Kurdish journals of the 1930s
and 1940s, which endeavored to create a vocabulary to deal with modern issues.
• JBl = Joyce Blau. Le Kurde de c Amadiva et de Djabal Sindjar : Analyse linguistique, textes
folkloriques, glossaires (Paris : C. Klincksieck, 1975], 252 p.
This work by the same person consists of a linguistic analysis, folkloristic texts
with French translation, and accompanying glossaries of Southern Kurmanji material she
collected in Amadiya and the Yezidi region of Jabal Sinjar, Iraqi Kurdistan, in 1967 and
1968. This book is an important contribution to the study of the Kurds and their
language.
• IF[b] = D. Izoli. Ferheng : Kurdi-Tirki. Tiirkge-Kurtge [1st ed.] (Den Haag : Komefey
Xwendkarani Kurd le Ewrupa, [1987]), 413 p.; [2. ed,] (Istanbul : Deng Yaymlan, 1992),
913 p.
This is a fairly recent Kurdish-Turkish and Turkish-Kurdish dictionary, put
together by a Kurd from the Dershn/Tunceli region in Turkey. What makes this
dictionary unique are the words peculiar to the compiler’s native region, some of which
appear in print for the first time, e.g. hill = 'mirror' (< Armenian hayeli), havlek =
'broom' (< Armenian avel). Several of my informants in northern California are from
this region, so I have independent confirmation of these latter items. The first edition
was published in Europe, and was therefore not readily available in Kurdistan itself. The
second edition, published in Istanbul, is a considerable improvement on the first. Many
typos have been corrected, and the entries have been more carefully arranged. The
editorial staff of the Kurdish newspapers Welat, Wei ate Me, and Azadiya Welat have
made broad use of this second edition.
xi
Remembrance and Hope
Another important Soviet dictionary is:
• XF = M. U. Khamoian. Kurdsko-Russkil Frazeologicheskil Slovar': soderzhit okolo 8000
frazeologicheskikh state1 (Erevan : Izdatel'stvo AN Armianskol SSR, 1979) 273 p.
This is a Kurdish-Russian phraseological dictionary, in Cyrillic script, preserving
both the aspirated/unaspirated dichotomy and the gutturals e’/h/x. This work goes
beyond what one can hope to find in standard foreign language dictionaries. It
specializes in idioms and expressions, and is essential for the serious student of folk
literature. There are frequent illustrative examples, mostly from orally generated texts.
Another important phraseological dictionary is:
• Aid = Sadiq Baha’ al-Din Amedi. Idyemet Kurd!: al-mustalahat wa-al-kinayat al-
lughawlyah A al-lughah al-Kurdiyah (Baghdad: al-Sha‘b, 1973), 160 p.
This dictionary of Kurdish idioms, written by an important Kurdish scholar from
Behdinan in Iraqi Kurdistan, is in Kurmanji in Arabic script, with explanations in
Kurmanji and in Arabic. This work is an invaluable tool in studying the Behdinani
dialects of Kurmanji.
There are four dictionaries from a foreign language to Kurmanji that should be mentioned:
F= I. O. Farizov. Ferhenga Urisi-Kurmanci = Russko-Kurdskil Slovar '(Moscow :
Gosudarstvennoe izd-vo inostrannykh i natsional'nykh slovarei , 1957), 781 p.
This is a Russian-Kurdish dictionary. It has recently been translated into Turkish
as: I.O. Farizov. Tiirkge-Kiirtge Sdzliik = Ferhenga Tirki-Kurdi, redaksiyon Timure Xelil
Muradov, Rusqa’dan qeviri ve nyarlama Mehrnet Demir [2. baski](Ankara : Ozge, 1994),
344 p.
• SC = S. Siabandov & A. Chachan. Xehernama Ermeni-K’urdi = Giuj-£pr|.fcpfc'u
PiuninpiuL (Erevan : HayPetHrat, 1957), 352 p.
This is an Armenian-Kurdish dictionary. The Kurdish is in Cyrillic characters,
preserving the aspirated and guttural distinctions.
• RZ = Re§o Zilan. Svensk-Kurdiskt Lexikon (Nordkurdiska) = Ferhenga Swedi-Kurdi
(Kurmanci) (Stockholm : Statens Institut for Laromedel, 1989), 311 p.
A Swedish-Kurmanji dictionary in Latin script, intended to help Kurdish
immigrants in Sweden to learn Swedish. There is also a Swedish-Sorani dictionary
published by the same institute. Because the dictionary is intended for Kurmanji-
speaking Kurds from all parts of Kurdistan, the Kurdish definitions for any given
Swedish word often list several different equivalents, which has the added benefit of
supplying Kurdish synonyms. The dictionary includes an entire section with pictures,
featuring the names of various items—in Swedish only.
• •
Xll
An Introduction to the Dictionary
• AF - Amirxan. Ferhenga Arebi-Kurdi- _,S3 (Vienna: Verlag Berger,
1997), 982 p. .’
V
This is an Arabic-Kurmanji dictionary. The author is presumably a Syrian Kurd.
Other recent appearances include:
Kmc = Kurmanci: rojnameya taybetiya Enstituya Kurdi ya Parise li ser pirsen zarave
kurmanci, hejmaren 1-20 (Paris: Institut Kurde de Paris, 1999), 439 p.
Although not strictly speaking a dictionary, the Kurdish, Turkish, French, and
English glossaries and the indexes of this compilation, comprising issues 1-20 of the
newsletter of the Civina Kurmanci (Kurmanji Language Workshop) of the Kurdish
Institute of Paris, present a great many words and expressions not documented
elsewhere, often accompanied by illustrations. This monumental work represents ten
years of toiling by a group of linguistic experts who are a Kurdish near equivalent to the
Alliance Frangaise.
AD = Amirxan. Kurdisch Deutsch: Kurdi - Almani (Ismanning, Germany: Max Hueber
Verlag, 1992), 2 vol. [vol. 2: Deutsch Kurdish: Almani - Kurd!]
This two-volume Kurdish-German and German-Kurdish dictionary is by the
author of the Arabic-Kurmanji dictionary mentioned above.
§amil Esgerov. Se Ferheng - Ug liigat [=3 dictionaries]: 1) Kurdi-Azerbaycani; 2)
Azerbaycani-Kurdi; 3) Ferhenga Mi§are Zimane Kurdi [=Kurdish rhyming dictionary]
(Baku : Elnur-P, 1999), 640 p.
This is an Azeri [Azerbaijani Turkishj-Kurdish and Kurdish-Azeri dictionary. The
Kurdish is that of the Serhedan region, i.e., the dialect of Kars, Agri, Soviet Armenia,
Azerbaijan, and the hinterland of Urmia in extreme northwestern Iranian Kurdistan.
There are two as yet unpublished vocabularies that should be mentioned:
• MK2 = Margaret Kahn. Kurmanji-English, Engiish-Kurmanji Lexicon (Ann Arbor :
University of Michigan Press, 1974) Typescript.
This is the word list that Margaret Kahn compiled from her native informant who
hails from Silvan (Ferqin), near Diyarbakir, Kurdistan of Turkey. Considering how little
linguistic work has been done on the Kurdish dialects of Turkey since the founding of the
republic, this work is of paramount importance, even though it is based entirely on the
speech of one informant.
• SK = B. Nikitine. Samdinani Kurdish, (ed. D. N. Mackenzie). Unpublished texts.
The glossary that accompanies Nikitine’s texts are also from one informant, a
native of §emdinli, Hakkari province, Kurdistan of Turkey. I have reason to believe that
the informant was living in Iran when the texts were collected, as there are many Persian
and even some suspiciously Sorani-looking items here. The.(Southern) Kurmanji-
English vocabulary, prepared by Professor D. N. Mackenzie, is in Latin phonetic
transcription, with comparative notes for Akre and Amadiya in Iraqi Kurdistan.
• • *
xni
Remembrance and Hope
Trif orm a firm on gender of nouns, present stems of verbs, and the like are limited—as is
the vocabulary itself—to what occurs in the texts of Nikitine’s informant; hence, for
some nouns the gender is unclear.
I am very grateful to both Margaret Kahn and to D.N. MacKenzie for making these
unpublished vocabularies available to me.
More recent dictionaries include:
• GF = Ali Seydo Ali Gewrani. Ferhenga Kurdi Nujen : Kurdi - Erebi = al-Qamus al-Kurdi al-
hadlth : Kurd J - ‘Arab! ^ Jk : JF)) (‘Amman : Sharikat al-
Sharq al-Awsat, 1985), 670 p.'
This dictionary by a Jordanian Kurd includes almost the entire vocabulary used in
the important Kurdish journals Haivar and Ronahi and the newspaper Roja Nu, all of
which appeared in the 1930s and 1940s. Consequently, a good deal of journalistic
vocabulary is included.
• TF = Tori. Ferheng : Kurdi-Tirki, Tiirkge-Kiirtge (Istanbul : Koral, 1992), 496 p.
A Kurmanji-Turkish and Turkish-Kurmanji dictionary. Tori gives fairly detailed
definitions in Turkish, which often illuminate meanings that are rather sparsely covered
elsewhere. Being of recent vintage, this dictionary includes several of the most recent
neologisms.
• OK = Feryad Fazil Omar. Kurdisch-Deutsches Worterbuch = Ferhenga Kurdi-Elmani
(Berlin : Verlag fair Wissenschaft und Bildung, Kurdische Studien, 1992), 721 p.
This is the only Kurmanji dictionary to provide main entries in both Arabic and
Latin script, thereby making it accessible to Kurds in Iraq and Iran as well as to those in
Turkey. The gender of nouns is regularly provided, as is the ± transitivity and present
stem of all verbs.
• FJ = Muhemed Cemil Seyda. Ferhenga Jin : Kurdi-Erebi, bi zarave Kurmanci -
oLsd) (Beyrut: Gapxan Emiral, 1987), 424 p.
This is a Kurmanji-Arabic dictionary, featuring the vocabulary of the Kurds of
Lebanon, who are predominantly from the Omeri tribe of Mardin. The vocabulary of that
region of Mardin in Kurdistan of Turkey is therefore reflected here.
Three Kurdish-English dictionaries, and one English-Kurdish dictionary, have recently appeared:
• Aziz Amindarov. Kurdish-English/English-Kurdish Dictionary [New York : Hippocrene
Books, 1994), 313 p.
• CelebL Ferdidon & Danko Sipka. Kurmanji Kurdish-English Glossary (Springfield, VA. :
Dunwoody Press, 2002), 408 p.
"This glossary, containing about 20,000 terms, is intended for native speakers of
English. Its principal goal is to help them read Kurmanji texts." (p. vi)
• RF = Baran Rizgar. Kurdish-English English-Kurdish Dictionary = Ferheng Kurdi-Ingilizi
Ingilizi-Kurdi (London : M.F. Onen, 1993), 400 p.
This is an easy-to-use English-Kurmanji dictionary.
xiv
An Introduction to the Dictionary
• SS - Salah Saadalla. Saladin's English-Kurdish Dictionary - Qamusa Selatiedin Ingilizi-
Kurdi ([Baghdad : Dar al-Hurriyah], 1998), 1183 p. [1st ed.]; (Istanbul : Avesta ; Paris :
Institut Kurde de Paris, 2000), 1477 p. [2nd ed.]
This English-Kurdish dictionary was first published in Baghdad with the Kurdish
entries in Arabic script. It was then reissued by the Kurdish Institute of Paris in Latin
script. One finds in it many obscure and superfluous English words, some of which are
quite amusing (e.g., gressorial, invigorately, iodination, sacculation, thrasonical). Often
the Sorani equivalent is given, rather than the expected Kurmanji word. This is not
uncommon among Iraqi Kurmanji speakers, who seem to think that Sorani is more
prestigious than their native Kurmanji. The dictionary is largely limited to Iraqi Kurdish
usage.
The term “written Kurmanji’’ must be clarified, for there are two different types that may be
encountered. First, there is Modern Literary Kurmanji, the type of language one sees in journals and
books written by and for literate Kurmanji-speaking Kurds: this includes such early twentieth-
century journals and newspapers as Hawar, Roja Nii, Ronahi, the current journals Hevi, Nudem,
(lira , Nubihar, Metin, Peyv, the magazine Berbang, and the newspapers Azadiya Welat and Rya
T’eze, as well as literary works such as the poetry of CegerxwTn and Osman Sebri, and the fiction of
Hesene Mete, Helim Yusif, and Mehmed Uzun. This style includes many newly coined technical
terms that may or may not have caught on among those few who have been fortunate enough to
have achieved some smattering of literacy vis-a-vis Kurmanji. Such vocabulary, which is largely
unintelligible to the masses of Kurmanji speakers, is the basis of Mr. Rizgar’s dictionary.
Second, there are collections of folklore that have been committed to writing. Kurdish has
an extraordinarily rich repertoire of oral literature: there are folktales, legends, romances and
epics, anecdotes, folk songs, ballads, poems, proverbs, and riddles, to name only the more salient
ones. European scholars began collecting such materials in Kurdish in the middle of the nineteenth
century, and in recent times the Soviet Kurdologists have been the most avid collectors and
publishers of such materials. It is this latter category that accurately represents the Kurmanji
language as it is spoken, and especially as it is used bv active bearers of the tradition—although
there is also a special vocabulary used in storytelling that is not part of everyday speech. Even
though many of the storytellers are illiterate, their grasp of their mother tongue is exemplary in
many ways. Considering that at this point in time Kurmanji is primarily a spoken language, this
second category must be a major focus of any comprehensive Kurmanji dictionary. Nevertheless,
as long as the modern literary vocabulary is clearly distinguished in some way from this
fundamental language, there is no reason why it cannot also be included. In this Kurmanji-English
dictionary, I have attempted to solve this problem by marking neologisms with the abbreviation
(neol).
Those who feel that it is the modern technical vocabulary that should be given the most
prominence in a work such as this are, in my opinion, ahead ol (or at least out of touch with) where
the Kurdish people and their language are today. As mentioned above, the reality is that only a few
thousand of the 18-20 million Kurds who speak Kurmanji as their mother tongue are literate in it.
This is indeed a troubling situation: nonetheless, a scientifically sound work must reflect in
xv
Remembrance and Hope
realistic terms the state of the language as it exists today, distinguishing this clearly from where it
“should” be, or where some of its speakers wish it already were. Hence, by flooding a dictionary
with technical terminology that is unfamiliar to the bulk of native speakers of the language, the
degree to which such a dictionary remains faithful to the reality it purports to represent is brought
into question.
The Bedir Khan brothers, early twentieth-century Kurdish intellectuals to whom we owe
the invention of the Latin orthography for Kurdish, were unable to brook the notion that Kurdish
by its very nature exhibits multiformity and hristled at the thought that it exists in many dialects.
For them, any suggestion that the Kurds are not a single, unified people was viewed as a threat. It
is in this manner that linguistic inquiry runs the risk of becoming a charged political issue. In the
time that I have spent studying Kurdish, I have familiarized myself with the various subdialects of
both Kurmanji and Sorani. and although they offer very interesting and illuminating differences, I
fail to see how these differences present a threat: even the Kurmanji dialects at the two furthest
extremes of Northern Kurdistan (let us take as examples ‘Efrin in northwestern Syria, and Kars in
northeastern Turkey on the border with Soviet Armenia), readily possess a mutual intelligibility.
In San Diego, one even hears Kurmanji speakers conversing with Sorani speakers—each speaking
his own dialect and understanding the other. It is not possible to avoid encountering regional
variation in the dictionary of a language as rich as Kurmanji, where the same word may assume
different forms depending on the region (e.g., the word for bat [the animal, Chiroptera ], which has
such varied forms as: barg’imok, bagermok, balg’emk, balgermek, balgimk, balg’imk, bergem,
[barSemi (JJ), p’ergemuk, pirgemek, and pirgemek), where different regions may
employ different words (e.g., to freeze, be cold: qefilin, but qerim[t]in in Southern Kurmanji,
and qerisin in the Dersim/Tunceli region), or where the same word may have different meanings in
different regions (e.g., qefilm, which means 'to freeze' in most places, but ’to be tired’ in the Der¬
sim/Tunceli region). A factor that complicates matters even more is that in spite of the illiteracy
of the majority of the Kurdish populace, there exist three different alphabets in which Kurdish can
be written: Latin, Cyrillic, and Arabic.
It is the lexicographer’s prerogative to create order out of‘chaos’: for example, in the case of
the multiformity of a particular word such as bat, he must choose one form as primary and refer
all the others to it. Moreover, he must choose one alphabet and show how the others relate to it.
We are fortunate that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the three alphabets in use for
Kurdish. A chart of the three alphabets in which Kurdish is written is a common feature in the
dictionaries.
My goal with this dictionary is to supply as much information for each entry as possible,
including both historical (diachronic) information by furnishing linguistically sound etymologies
and synchronic information by providing sample sentences for each meaning of a given word,
variant forms, and synonyms, as well as inflections for verbs and nouns. My source material
consists of textual matter from the spheres of folklore, literature, and journalism, as well as
extensive notes from my own fieldwork—all of this checked against the existing Kurdish
dictionaries. In addition, bibliographic references for further study are provided whenever
possible. With the information provided on regional variation, it should eventually be possible to
map the geographic distribution of dialectal features. In short, the dictionary should be of use not
xvi
An Introduction to the Dictionary
only to Kurds and Kurdologists, but also to scholars in the fields of linguistics—including
dialectology, studies of grammar, and historical Iranian and Indo-European linguistics—as well as
for folklore, history, literature, and journalism.
Because current usage is so uneven, it follows that this dictionary reflects this nuance and is
thus itself incomplete, and in places there are inconsistencies in orthography and punctuation. The
inflected forms of nouns are included only when they have actually been attested, either in the
dictionaries, or in written or oral sources. In future editions I hope the blanks will be filled in.
This project is an attempt to record the past respectfully, while looking with hope towards
the future. Kurmanji is an endangered language, and its survival is ultimately up to the Kurds
themselves. My motto among the Kurds is: Zimaneki wisa ku zarok pe nepeyivin, zimaneki be
pa§eroj e = A language which is not spoken by children has no future. Among the Kurds, there are
many who-say that they are so numerous that the language will always be around. However, after
the evacuation of the villages of Eastern Turkey [not to mention those of Northern Iraq], many
Kurds have moved to large Turkish-speaking cities, where the pressure on them to assimilate is
enormous. In ten years, the number of Kurmanji speakers can fall drastically from several million
to one million, and then to a few thousands, and then a few hundred, and then less than a hundred,
and then? If they continue the recent trend of speaking to their children in more "prestigious"
languages, be it Turkish or the languages of Europe, Kurdish will share the fate of many of the
languages of the Native American Indians. For example, the last speaker of Clackamas Chinook
died in the middle of the twentieth century. The last speaker of Ubykh, a Caucasian language with
only two vowels (U and I) and approximately fifty-five consonants, is also dead. If the beautiful
Kurdish language dies due to lack of interest on the part of its speakers, it will indeed be a pity.
xvn
Acknowledgments
There are several people whose help made this dictionary possible. At University of California,
Berkeley, I studied with Professor Martin Schwartz, who has provided comparative etymologies
for Iranian languages of the three periods: early [Avestan, Old Persian]; middle [Parthian, Middle
Persian, Soghdian, Bactrian, Khwarezmian, etc.]; and modern [Persian, Pashto, Baluchi, Ossetic,
the Pamir dialects, Tati, Talishi, etc.]
Professor D. N. MacKenzie gave me some sound advice early on, for which I am extremely
grateful. He said that I should base my dictionary on texts, rather than on the other dictionaries.
From this has come the idea of giving sample sentences wherever possible to solve the problem of
ghost words, which has enabled me to break the pattern of giving new life to old mistakes.
Moreover, this practice also provides valuable information on usage. 1 have even been able to
discover new patterns of meaning through quoting words in context. See for instance the word
'blow' in the English-Kurdish section: many items used as weapons (swords, clubs, whips, even a
lion's paws) have an additional meaning of 'a blow with a [sword, club, etc.]' besides their
original concrete denotation. This phenomenon has not been noted previously in the dictionaries.
As mentioned above, I am also grateful to Professor MacKenzie for making Nikitine's largely
unpublished Shamdinani texts available to me.
My old friend Ernest Tucker gave me invaluable computer assistance early on. When I was
converting the individual letters of the alphabet from Filemaker Plus to Microsoft Word, Ernie
showed me how to convert each entire file with one push of a button, thereby saving me hours of
painstaking work.
Other friends also provided computer assistance: Geoffrey Graham custom-designed laser
fonts for the dictionary [and for my dissertation].
Peter Rich helped me to print out the entire dictionary in its final stages, after several
months of being unable to print anything at all.
My former classmate, the late Anne Avakian, compiler of an important bibliography of
Armenian folklore, helped me find Kurdish words of Armenian origin, and in general helped
provide links between the Armenian and Kurdish experience.
At the Library of Congress, my friends and colleagues Paul Crego, cataloger of Armenian
and Georgian, and Levon Avdoyan, Armenian and Georgian bibliographer, helped me quickly
find bibliographic references during the final weeks before submitting the final draft to the
publisher.
Another colleague who responded swiftly in the final days of editing is the distinguished
Neo-Aramaist Robert Hoberman, of SUNY Stony Brook.
xvm
Acknowledgments
I also owe a debt of gratitude to Geoffrey Haig of the University of Kiel for making his
Corpus of Kurmanji Kurdish (CCKNT) available to me. It consists of texts from the Kurdish
newspaper Azadiya Welat and from CTV, which broadcasts news items in Kurdish over the
Internet. I have drawn a great many sample sentences from this rich corpus.
The Kurdish Institute of Paris [l'lnstitut Kurde de Paris - IKP] sponsors a Kurmanji
language workshop, the Civina Kurmanci, twice a year, which I began attending regularly in
1996. The participants provided me detailed information about contrasted meanings of near
synonyms, and about gender of nouns. They also resolved questions of usage, in addition to
giving me vast sources for additional vocabulary, only a fraction of which has been added to this
first edition. I feel obligated to mention the following colleagues by name: Re§o Zilan, Kendal
Nezan, Hemit Kiligaslan, Mustafa Aydogan, Rojan Hazim, Mahmud Lewendi, Behrooz Shojai,
Selam Noman, Nawzad Shukry, Ziya Avci, Rojen Barnas. Also at the IKP, I am particularly
grateful to my friend Salih Yillik for his assistance during my year in Paris.
%
Mention should also be made of Kurdish friends such as Arif Zerevan, the late Sabri Da§
[Sabri Hoca], and Mazhar Giinbat.
For Behdinani vocabulary, including many words that have never before been attested in a
dictionary, I owe a debt of gratitude to members of the Kurdish Service of the Voice of America
and to the Kurds of San Diego, California. At the Voice of America, mention should be made of
Khalaf Zebari, Fakhria Jawhary, and Dakhil Elias. In San Diego, particularly the family of Mustafa
Suleiman Berwary, and Dawnd Binavi and his cousin Hussein. Their feedback convinced me to
give main entries in both Arabic and Latin alphabets, to make the dictionary accessible to the
Kurds of Iraq and Iran. I should add that there is a one-to-one correspondence between all three
alphabets (Latin, Arabic, and Cyrillic) in which Kurdish is written, and it is hoped that this
dictionary will be instrumental in broadening the recognition of this simple fact, both among the
Kurds themselves and among librarians, linguists, and other scholars.“
I also would like to thank my friend and colleague Amir Hassanpour for his helpful
suggestions about bibliographical sources. Also, I would like to acknowledge the following
reviewers: Joyce Blau, School of Oriental Language-Paris; Martin Van Bruinessen, University of
Ulfrecht; Christine Allison, School of Oriental and African Studies-University of London; and
Margaret Kahn.
Last but not least, it is my privilege to acknowledge the help and support of my father
Stanley F. Chyet. It is indeed an honor to include his map of Kurdistan as part of this work.
*One departure from the predictable one-to-one correspondence should be noted: the conjunction ‘and’ is
written as u (with a circumflex) in Latin orthography, but in the Arabic script is generally written as
(which would be ‘u’ in Latin orthography).
xix
How to Use the Dictionary
Every entry is structured as follows:
The main entry [head word] is in both Latin and Arabic orthography, followed by an
abbreviation indicating its part of speech [adj. = adjective; prn. = pronoun, etc.]. Nouns are
designated as masculine (m.) or feminine (f.) [or both m./f.] or plural (pi.), with the sources for the
gender when there is a conflict ]m.(OK)/f.(B) = Omer gives the noun as masculine, Bakaev gives it
as feminine], followed in brackets by the two inflections: ezafeh first, followed by the oblique
case ending, e.g., (-a;-e). Verbs are designated as intransitive (vi.) or transitive (vt.), followed in
brackets by the present stem, and any other irregularities that may pertain, [e.g., kirin I vt. (-k-
/-ke- [Bw/M/SK/Hk]). = kirin I (to do, etc.) is transitive (vt.), and the present indicative is dikim,
diki, dike, dikin or in Behdinani and Hekkari sources [Bw/M/SK/Hk]: dikem, dikey, diket[in],
dikeyn, diken\ the present subjunctive would replace the prefix di- with hi -, yielding bikini ,
etc Jbikem, etc.] This information should enable the user to inflect the word fully.
If a word has several definitions, the}' are numbered: 1), 2), 3), etc. For each individual
meaning, synonyms [syn: ] are supplied, as well as variant forms {also: [, if they pertain only to
that particular meaning of the word. If the word has only one definition, the variant forms and
synonyms come after the definition and sample sentences. Expressions formed with the word in
question are set off by a hyphen -, e.g., -bawer kirin = to believe.
Each sample sentence or phrase is set off by a bullet •. The source of the sentence or
phrase is given in abbreviated form in parentheses, e.g., (Z-2, p.68), followed by the English
translation. If a quote contains a grammatical error, it is quoted as is and followed by the notation
[sic], e.g. •...se ku§tin, yek birindar kirin [sic] (SK 48:508) ...they killed three and wounded one
(where yek clearly requires birindar kir). The key to the abbreviations may be found in the
preliminary material at the beginning of this volume.
As mentioned above, after the definitions, variant forms [also:} and synonyms {syn :) are
provided. These are followed by an etymology or linguistic comment. If the Pokorny Proto-Indo-
European root is known, it is provided [Pok. ]", followed by relevant forms in Early, Middle, and
Modern Iranian languages, followed by Sorani [Sor], Zaza-Dumili ]Za], and Gurani-Hawrami
]Hau] forms, where possible. Unless otherwise noted, the Sorani material is taken from Wahby
and Edmonds' dictionary (W&E). If there are other languages with cognate forms, such as German
We are well aware of the shortcomings of Pokorny’s monumental work, such as the lack of laryngeals (since the
theory of laryngeal reconstruction was developed after the appearance of this work). The paltry listing of Kurdish
cognates in Pokorny's dictionary (no more than ten, some of which are erroneous) is also indicative of what was
available at the time. It is hoped that this work will be updated someday.
XX
How to Use the Dictionary
[Ger], English [Eng], French [Fr], Russian [Rus] or Armenian [Arm], they are added after these. If
the word in question is borrowed from another language, such as Arabic [Ar], Turkish [T], or
Aramaic [Arc[, this is also indicated. When direct transmission is in doubt, material is provided
for comparative purposes (cf.).
If a noun or an adjective has an abstract noun derived from it, the forms of the abstract
noun [which generally ends in -i (including -ti, -ani, -ayi, ahi, etc.)] are provided next, in brackets
(}.
Since everything in the dictionary is sourced, the apparatus at the end of each entry shows
which dictionaries and other sources [including informants] attest the word. This
information—again in abbreviated form—is in square brackets []. Each source appears only once
in the brackets, even if a particular source provides more than one form.
Words marked with an asterisk (*) lack adequate attestation. It is hoped that future editions
of this dictionary will provide the missing data.
If there are words related in meaning or category to the main entry, the related words
appear in angle brackets <> at the end of the entry. The user is referred to these words in this
manner.
A variant form of the main enlrv which has its own main entrv has a reference such as "See
also pi§kul." Such forms also appear in bold type as a variant form, e.g., under bi§kul: |also :
bi§qul (Mzg); bu§qul (IF-2); pi§kul]. To find the variant forms of pi§kul, one should look up that
entry.
The English-Kurdish section is merely an index of the Kurdish-English material, and as
such makes no claims to being comprehensive.
Lastly, I would like to point out that this preliminary section concludes with the listing of
the two different systems for naming the months of the year. These are included in the hopes that
by clarifying that they are indeed two distinct systems, the all too common practice of imposing
the names of Iranian Solar months [System Two] on the standard international months [System
One] will be nipped in the bud.
xxi
Abbreviations
also = variant forms
see also = refers reader to a variant form with a
full entry
syn = synonym (in denotation, not necessarily in
connotation)
< = derived from [another language]
—> = borrowed into [another language]
^ = antonym/opposite
~ = alternating with [in etymologies]
• = illustrative phrases/sentences
* = of questionable reliability
abbr. = abbreviation
acc. = accusative case
adj. = adjective
adv. = adverb
anat. = anatomy
ans. = answer
astr. - astrology
Avak = special thanks to Anne Avakian
biol. = biology
bk-i - someone else (be[h]vankesi)
bot. = botany
cf. = compare
clq. = colloquial
conj. = conjunction
dat. constr. = dative construction
[i.e., with object following verb]
def. = definite
dem. = demonstrative
dim. = diminutive
do. = ditto
E = east
euph. = euphemism, euphemistic
f. = feminine gender (of noun)
fig. = figurative
fk-e - someone (filankese)
ft-i = something (filanti§ti)
fut. = future tense
gen. - genitive case (for comparative purposes)
geog. = geography
govt. - government
gram. = grammar, grammatical
imp. = imperative
impf. = imperfect
indc. = indicative mood
indef. = indefinite
inf. = infinitive
inter]. = interjection
intrg. = interrogative
lit. = literal
m. = masculine gender (of noun)
mil. = military
n. = noun; neuter
neg. = negative
neol. = neologism
nom. = nominative case
num. = number, numeral
obi. = oblique case
pf. = perfect
pi. = plural
poet. = poetic
pp. = past participle
prep. = preposition
pr. mod. = preposed modifier
prn. = pronoun
prv. = proverb
psp. = postposition
qv = which see
rdl. = riddle
rel. prn. = relative pronoun
rev. con. = reverse construction
sing. = singular
s.o. = someone
stg. = something
subj. = subjunctive mood
syn. = synonym
tr. = translation; translated
vi. = intransitive verb
voc. = vocative
vt. = transitive verb (with ergative past tense)
W = west
zool. = zoological
Abbreviations
Languages:
Albanian]
Ar[abic]
Ar[amai]c
Arm[enian]
Av[estan]
Az[erbaijani] T[urkish]
Azer[baijani dialect of Kurdish]
Bulgarian]
Fr[ench]
Geo[rgian]
Germ [an]
Gr[eek]
'Hau[rami] (Gorani)
Heb[rew]
I[ndo-]E[uropean]
Ind[o]-Ir[anian]
Ir[anian]
It[alian]
K[urmanji Kurdish]
Lat[in]
Latv[ian] (=Lettish)
Lithuanian]
Mid[dle] P[ersian]
Mod[ern] Gr[eek]
N[eo-)A[ramaic]
NENA = Northeastern Neo-Aramaic, term suggested by Robert Hoberman to refer to the
largest Neo-Aramaic dialect cluster, spoken by the Jews of Kurdistan and the Assyrians,
Nestorians, and Chaldeans.
0[ld] C[hurch] S[lavonic]
0[ld] Irfanian] (=Proto Iranian)
0[ld] P[ersian]
Oss[etic]
Pahl[avi] = Zoroastrian Middle Persian
Parth[ian]
P[ersian]
Rus[sian]
S[ans]k[ri]t
S[erbo]-Cr[oat]
S[o]gd[ian]
Sor[ani]
Sp[anish]
Syr[iac]
T[urkish]
Za[za]
XX111
1
Abbreviations of Sources Used
in Compiling this Dictionary
A = Musa Anter. Ferhenga Khurdi-Tirki = Kiirdge-Tiirkge Sozliik (Istanbul: Yeni Matbaa, 1967),
174 p. [Mardin, Turkey]
AA = Akrawy [Akreyi], Aziz R. Rebera Sezimani = 0 LJ jJ1 = The Trilingual
Guide: Kurdi- - English (Iraq, 1980)
AB = M. Emin Bozarslan. Alfabe, 2nd ed. (Boras, Sweden: Invandrarforlaget, 1980), 64 p.
[Turkey]
Abbasian = Alikhan Abbasian & Vardan Voskanian. "A Kurdish Philosophy of Death: A Kurdish
Tale from Armenia," Acta Kurdica 1 (1994), 143-145.
AD = Amirxan. Kurdisch Deutsch: Kurd1 - Ahnani (Ismanning, Germany: Max Hueber Verlag,
1992), 2 vol. [vol. 2: Deutsch Kurdish: Almani - Kurdi]
AF = Amirxan. Ferhenga Arebi-Kurdi = Ja I ^ >*J 1 (Vienna: Verlag Berger, 1997), 982
p. [Arabic-Kurmanji dictionary]
Ah - Musa Anter. Hatiralanm (Istanbul: Yon Yaymcilik, 1991), 246 p. [Mardin, Turkey]
AI = Abbas Ismail. Em Beranen Ber Kere ne (Qami§lo, 1998), 115 p.
Aid = Sadiq Baha' al-Din Amedi. fdyemet Kurdi: al-mustalahat wa-al-kinayat al-lughawlyah fl
al-lughah al-Kurdiyah (Baghdad: al-Sha‘b, 1973), 160 p.
A&L = Garnik Asatrian & Vladimir Livshits. “Origine du systeme consonantique de la langue
Kurde,” Acta Kurdica 1 (1994), 81-108.
Alkan = Abbas Alkan. "Demsala neqi§andi," Niidem 20 (1996), 70-77.
AR = Sadiq Baha' al-Din Amedi. Rezmana Kurdi: Kirmanciya jori u jeriya hevberkiri (Baghdad:
Wezareti Ferkirdini Bala w L§kolinewey Zanyari, Zankoy Salah al-Din, 1987), 481 p.
Ardu = Hesene Mete. Ardu: ji kurtegiroken geleri (Stockholm: We§anen Welat, 1990), 173 p.
[Literary Kurmanji]
AW = Azadiya Welat (Istanbul, 1996- ) [Kurmanji newspaper, continuation of Welate Me;
references such as "AW69A1" designates passages taken from Geoffrey Haig's Corpus of
Kurmanji Kurdish (CCKNT) consisting of 483 texts, totalling around 214,000 words. It
contains texts from two Kurdish publications: Azadiya Welat, a weekly Kurdish
newspaper, and CTV, a company which broadcasted news items in Kurdish on the
Internet]
xxiv
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
AX = Ahmed Xani. Mam i Zin = Mem u Zin, tr. M. B. Rudenko (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo
Vostochnoi Literatury, 1962), 249, 196 p. [17th-century literary]
AZ = Ahmad ‘Abd Allah Zero. Mamiken Kurdi (Bexda: Komari ‘Iraq, Wezareti Roginbiri w
Rageyandin, Dezgay Ro§inbiri w Biiawkirdnewey Kurdi, 1985), 102 p. [Mostly Kurmanji
(Behdinani) riddles, in Arabic script]
B = Ch.Kh. Bakaev. Kurdsko-Russkii Slovar' ... okolo 14000 slov s prilozheniem
grammaticheskogo ocherka kurdskogo iazyka (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Uzdatel'stvo
Inostrannykh i Natsional'nykh Slovarei, 1957), 618 p. [USSR]
Ba = Ch.Kh. Bakaev. IAzyk Kurdov SSSR (Moscow: Nauka, 1973), 350 p. [USSR]
Ba2 = Ch.Kh. Bakaev. Osnovy Kurdskoi Orfografii (Moscow: Nauka, 1983), 272 p. [USSR]
Ba3 = Ch.Kh. Bakaev. RoT IAzvkovykb Kontaktov v Razvitii IAzvka Kurdov SSSR (Moscow:
Nauka, 1977), 284 p. (USSR]
Ber = Berbang: Kovara Federasyona Komelen Kurdistane li Sived [journal published in Sweden]
BG = Paul Beidar. Grammairc Kurdc (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1926), 77 p. [Zakho, Iraq, & Cizre,
Mar din, Turkey]
BH = Behcet Hirori. Gotgolk: peyvoka kebi li dujmineke kujek (Dihok: (jiapxana Hawar, 1996),
62 p. ]Scientific study of the rumor (gotgotk), in Kurmanji in Arabic script]
BK = Kemal Badilh. Tiirkge Izabli Kiirlge Grameri (Kiirmangga Lehgesi) (Ankara: Ankara Basim
ve Ciltevi, 1965), 160 p. [Kurdish grammar o! province of Urfa and city of Cizre, province
of §irnak (formerly part of Mardin)]
BM = Gunilla Bergstrom. Ma Tu Tirsonck i Alfoils Oberg? (Stockholm: Kurdiska
Forlaget/^apxana Kurd, 1981), 30 p. ] Kurmanji translation of Swedish children’s book]
BN = Makhmud Baiazidi 1 Mahmud Bavazidi]. Nravv i obvcbai kuvdov =
a. *>
Lw) 44/ J ^ ojIjIs’, tr. M. B. Rudenko (Moscow: Izd-vo vostochnoi lit-ry, 1963),
202 p. [Kurmanji ethnographic texts in Arabic script, by the same informant as JR]
BR = Musa Anter. Birina Re$ - Kara Yarn (Istanbul: Ekin Basimevi, 1965), 80 p. [Mardin]
Brauer = Brauer, Erich. The lows ol~Kurdistan, completed and edited by Raphael Patai (Detroit:
Wayne State University Press, 1993), 429 p.
BX = Emir Djeladet Bedir Khan & Roger Lescot. Grammaire Kurde (Dialocte kurmandji ) (Paris:
Librairie dAmerique et d'Orient, 1970), 371 p. [Bohtan (Siirt), Turkey]
CA = Murad Ciwan. Ahmede Xani: Jiyan, Berbem u Bir li Baweriyen Wi (Istanbul: Doz ;
Stockholm: Kurdiska Kultursliftolsen, 1997), 336 p.
CB = Cem§id Bender. Kurt Mutfak Kiillurii vc Kurt Yemekleri (Istanbul: Melsa Yaymlan, 1992),
381 p.
CG = Alessandro Coletti. Grammalica o Dizionario della Lingua Curda con Esercizi e Letture
(Roma: Edizione A.C., 1985), 2 vols. [Handwritten manuscript: mostly Sorani & Mukri;
some Kurmanji (see PS)]
CP = Gabar £iyan. Ji dina dintir: Pekenoken me: lekolin (Norsborg, Sweden: £and - Kultur,
[1993?]), 57 p.
CT = Murad Ciwan. Tiirkge agiklamab Kiirtge dilbilgisi: Kurmanc lehgesi (Balinge, Sweden: Jina
Nu, 1992), 224 p.
XXV
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
CTV = [Geoffrey Haig's Corpus of Kurmanji Kurdish (CCKNT) consisting of 483 texts, totalling
around 214 000 words, containing texts from two Kurdish publications: Azadiya Welat, a
weekly Kurdish newspaper, and CTV, a company that broadcasted news items in Kurdish
on the Internet]
Cxn-KE = Cigerxwin. Kine Em?, 2. baski (Istanbul: Pele Sor, 1992], 415 p.
Cxn-1 = Cigerxwin. Diwana Yekan (istanbul: Deng, 1992], pp. 16-263.
Cxn-2 = Cigerxwin. Sewra Azadi (istanbul: Deng, 1992], pp. 265-468.
Cxn-4 = Cigerxwin. Ronak: Diwana 4'a (Stokholm: Roja Nu, 1980], 208 p.
Cxn-5 = Cigerxwin. Zend-Avisla: Diwana 5’a (Stokholm: Roja Nu, 1981], 176 p.
Cxn-7 = Cigerxwin. Hevi: Diwana 7'a (Stokholm: Roja Nu, 1983], 186 p.
DM = [Roger Lescot; Nureddin Zaza] Destana Meme Alan = Kiirtge-Tiirkge Meme Alan Destani
(istanbul: Ozgiirliik Yolu Yavmlari, 1978], 389 p. [Mardin, Turkey]
DS = Tiirkiye'de Halk Agzmdan Derleme Sozliigii (Ankara: Tiirk Tarih Kurumu, 1963-1982], 12
vols. [Turkey: primarily Turkish, but includes several Kurdish words, although failing to
identify them as such]
Dz = Ordikhane Dzhalil & Dzhalile Dzhalil. Mesele u Met'eloke K'urda bi Zimane K'urdi u Rusi
= Kurdskie Poslovitsy i Pogovorki na Kurdskom i Russkom IAzykakh (Moscow: Glavnaia
redaktsiia vostochnoT literatury, 1972], 454 p. [Kurmanji proverbs; also includes Sorani
proverbs from Iraq]
DZK = Baran. Dersen Zmane Kurdi = Tiirkge izahli Kiirtge Dil Dersleri, 2. baski (istanbul: Deng,
1991], 167 p.
EH = Emin E’vdal. Heleqetied pizmamtie nav K’urdada (Erevan: Ne§ireta Akademia RSS
Ermenistaneye Ulma, 1965], pp. 213-[237]
El 2 = Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2d eel. (Leiden : E. J. Brill, 1960-1997], vols. 1-9
EM = Ernest N. McCarus. A Kurdish-English Dictionary: Dialect of Sulaimania, Iraq (Ann Arbor:
The University of Michigan Press, 1967], x, 194 p.
EP = Kurdskie Epicheskie Pesni-Skazy (Moscow: Izd-vo vostochnoi literatury, 1962], 242 p.
[USSR]
Epl = Hesene Mete. Epilog: girok (Stockholm: We§anen Nudem, 1998], 141 p. [short stories in
modern literary Kurmanjil
E§ = Ereb §emo. §ivane Kurd: Roman (Istanbul: We§anen Deng, 1994], 3d ed., 112 p.
EW = Words gathered with the help of a friend.
F = I. O. Farizov. Ferhenga Urisi-Kurmanci - Russko-Kurdskii Slovar' (Moscow:
Gosudarstvennoe izd-vo inostrannykh i natsional'nykh slovarei, 1957], 781 p. [USSR]
FH = Fawaz Husen. Siwaren E$e (Huddinge, Sweden: We§anen Welat, 1994], 111 p.
FJ = Muhemed Cemil Seyda. Ferhenga Jin: Kurdi-Erebi, bi zarave Kurmanci - sLsdl
(Beyrut: £apxan Emiral, 1987], 424 p.
FK = Folklora Kyrmanga (Erevan, 1936], 661 p. [Folkloristic texts in Kurmanji collected in
Soviet Armenia. References are listed by subsection and number: subsections are
abbreviated as follows: (kk] = Ker u K’ulike Silemane Silivi; [eb] = Epos u Beyt’; (kb] =
K’ilame Bengitiye, Zarotiye u Govenda; (kg] = K’ilame Govenda; (ez] = K’ilamed E’vdale
xxvi
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
Zeynike; (ph) Poem u Hikyat. E,g,, FK-kk-1 refers to the first (1) text under the subsection
‘Ker u K’ulike Silemane SilivP (kk)]
FT = Faki Teiran. Sheikh San’an , kriticheskii tekst, perevod, primechaniia i predislovie M.B.
Rudenko (Moscow: Izd-vo Nauka, 1965), 157 p. [Literary and folk versions of the poem
"§ex Sen’an" by the early Kurdish poet Feqiye Teyra + Russian translations]
GF = Ali Seydo Ali Gewrani. Ferhenga Kurdi Nujen: Kurdi - Erebi - al-Qamus al-Kurdl al-
%
hadlth: Kurd I - ‘Arabl [ ooJoJ] jk)) (‘Amman: Sharikat al-Sharq
al-Awsat, 1985), 670 p. [Kurdlsh-Arabic dictionary]
H = Hawar (Stockholm: Nudem, 1998), 2 vols. [complete reprint edition of the newspaper
Hawar, originally appeared 1932-1943 in Syria]
HB = Hayri Ba§bug. GoktHrk-Uygur Zaza-Kurmang Lehgeleri Uzerine bir Aragtirma (Ankara:
Turk Kultiiriinu Ara§tirma Enstitiisu, 1984), 88 p, [Hani, Diyarbakir, Turkey]
HD = Haydar Diljen. Zimane min / (Uppsala: JTna Nu, 1990), 78 p.
Hej = Hejar, Henbane borine: farhang-i Kurdl-Farsi (Tihran: Surush, 1369), 1035 p. [Sorani
dictionary by the late poet Hejar]
HG = Hassan Ghazi & Hewa Cardoi. Svensk-sydkurdiskl 1 exikon = yGj<A
(Stockholm: Statens Inslitut for Laromedel, 1992), 309, 64 p, [Swedish-Sorani dictionary]
HH = Yusuf Ziyaeddin Pasa. al-Hadlyah aI-Hamldlyah{ Beirut, 1975), 56, 240 p, = Mohammad
Mokri. Recherches de Kurdologie: Dictionnaire Kurde-Arabe de Dia’ Ad-Din Pacha al-
Khalidi: introduction et notes linguistiques, notice sur la phonetique et la graphie arabo-
persane du dialecte kurmandji, Textes et etude religieux, linguistiques et
ethnographiques (Langues et civilisation iraniennes), no, 4 (Beyrouth & Paris, 1975).
[Mu§, Turkey]
HM = Hugo Makas. Kurdische Texte im Kurmanji-Dialekte aus der Gegend von Mardin, nebst
Kurdische Studien (St, Petersburg, 1897-1926; reprint ed.: Amsterdam: APA - Philo Press,
1979) , 2 vol. in 1 [Mardin, Turkey]
HoK = Sadiq Baha' al-Din Amedi. Hozanvanet Kurd (Bexda: £apx:aney Kofi Zanyari ‘Eraq,
1980) , 426 p. [Anthology of Kurmanji poets, mostly from Bahdinan and Hekkari, in
Arabic script]
HoK2 = Sadiq Behaedm Amedi. Hozanvanet Kurd (Stockholm: Pencinar, 1998), 465 p. [same as
above, in Latin script]
HR = Hellmut Ritter. "Kurmanci-Texte aus dem Tur‘Abdin," I. Karboran: Oriens, 21-22 (1968-
69), 1-135; II. Yeziden: Oriens, 25-26 (1976), 1-37. [Villages of Karboran (I.) and Taqa (II.)
of the Tur‘Abdin region of Mardin, Turkey]
Hv = Hevi: Kovara Qandiya Gi§ti = Hiwa: Govareki Runakbiri-i Gi§tiye (Paris: 1983-) [literary:
also publishes in Sorani and Zaza]
IF = D. Izoli. Ferheng: Kurdi-Tirki, Tiirkge-Kiirtge (Den Haag: Komeley Xwendikarani Kurd le
Ewrupa, [1987]), 413 p. [Turkey]
IFb = D. Izoli. Ferheng: Kurdi-Tirki, Tiirkge-Kiirtge. [2d ed.] (Istanbul: Deng Yaymlan, 1992),
913 p.
xxvii
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
IS = Iranskii Sbornik ... 1.1. Zarubina (Moscow: Izd-stvo VostochnofLiteratury, 1963), pp. 219-
248; 249-255.
J = Hajie Jndi. Hik’yated Cimae’ta K’urdie (Erevan: Haypethrat, 1959), 113 p. [Soviet Armenia,
USSR]
JBl = Joyce Blau. Le Kurde de c Amadiya et de Djabal Sindjar: Analyse linguistique, textes
folkloriques, glossaires (Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1975), 252 p. [Amadiya & Jabal Sinjar,
Northern Iraq]
JB2 = Joyce Blau. Kurdish Kurmandji Modern Texts (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1968), 58 p.
[literary]
JB3 = Jo-'ce Blau. Kurdish-French-English Dictionary = Dictionnaire Kurde- Frangais-Anglais
(Bruxelles: Centre pour l'Etude des Problemes du Monde Musulman Contemporain,
1965), 263 p. [literary]
JH = Haj! Ja'far. Hindek Kevnebaweret Xelki li Behdinan (Baghdad, 1993), 67 p. [on folk beliefs
and superstitions in Badinan, in Badinani Kurmanji in Arabic script]
JJ = Auguste Jaba & Ferdinand Justi. Dictionnaire Kurde-Frangais (St.-Petersbourg: Eggers et Cie,
1879), 463 p. [?Hakkari]
JR = Alexandre Jaba. Recueil de Notices et de Recits Kourdes (St.-Petersbourg: Eggers et Cie,
1860; repr. Amsterdam: APA - Philo Press, 1979), 111, 128 p. [THakkari]
K = K. K. Kurdoev. Ferhenga Kurdi-Riisi = Kurdsko-Russkii Slovar' { Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe
izd-vo inostrannykh i natsional'nykh slovarei, 1960), 890 p. ]primarily USSR]
K2 = K. K. Kurdoev. Grammatika Kurdskogo lAzyka (Kurmandzhi): Fonetika, Morfologiia
(Moscow-Leningrad: Izd-vo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1957), 343 p. [primarily USSR]
K3 = K. K. Kurdoev & Z. A. IUsupova. Ferhengi Kurdi-Rusi (Sorani) - Kurdsko-Russkii Slovar'
(Sorani) (Moscow: Russkii IAzyk, 1983), 752 p. [Sorani Kurdish-Russian dictionary]
K-qa = Hamit Kihcaslan. (broken Havqar (unpublished manuscript: Stockholm, 1998)
[translation of M. H. Dolaponii. Havkarin Meseleleri (istanbul, l963)-tales of Ahikar,
translated from Svriac]
K-d§ = Qenate Kurdo [= K.K. Kurdoev]. "Derheqa goved Mem u Zina zargoti u gova Mem u Zina
Ehmede Xani," Govari Kori Zanyari Kurd [=Tho Journal of the Kurdish Academy], 6
(1978), pp. 78-110.
KH = Karl Hadank. Untersuchungen zum Westkurdischen: Boti und Ezadl , Arbeiten aus dem
Institut fur Lautforschung an der Un i vers i tat Berlin, Nr. 6 (Berlin: Institut fiir
Lautforschung an der Universitat Berlin ; Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz, 1938), 60 p. [texts
in Botani and Yezidi dialects, including some Yezidi prayers]
KHT = Mehmet Bayrak. Kurt Flalk Tiirkiileri = Kilani li Stranen Kurd: inceleme—Antoloji
(Ankara: Oz-Ge, 1991), 300 p.
Kmc = Kurmanci: rojnameya taybetiya Enstituya Kurdiya Parise li ser pirsen zarave kurmanci,
hejmaren 1-20 (Paris: Institut Kurde de Paris, 1999), 439 p. [issues 1-20 of the newsletter
of the Civina Kurmanci (Kurmanji Language Workshop) of the Kurdish Institute of Paris,
with Kurdish, Turkish, French, and English glossaries and indexes]
Kmc =
xxviii
i
£
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
K[s] - Same as K above, designating a borrowing from Southern dialects (a vague term,
sometimes meaning Southern Kurmanji [Behdinani], and sometimes meaning Sorani [&
Mukri])
KS = Firat Ceweri. Kevoka Spi (Stockholm: Nudem, 1996), 60 p.
KZ = Geew Mukriyany. Koike Zerine = Rainbow (Arbil, Iraq: Arbil Press, 1966), 240 p. [Iraq-
mostly Sorani, some Behdinani]
L = Roger Lescot. Textes Kurdes (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1940-42) 2 vols. [tales, proverbs &
riddles in vol. 1 from Mardin, Turkey; in vol. 2: Mi§o from Meqtele, Syria; Sebri from
Mardin, Turkey; Hawar from Serhedan (=Turco-Iranian & Turco-Soviet border region)]
Lab = Hesene Mete. Labirenta Cinan: roman (Huddinge, Sweden: We§anen Welat, 1994), 197 p.
[short stories in modem literary Kurmanji]
LC = Mahmud Lewendi. Computers ber dile min!: (drok u nivisen mizahi (Stockholm: APEC,
1996), 160 p. [jokes; the author is from Qerejdax, between Siverek and Diyarbakir]
LM = Mahmud Lewendi. Mala xwede: pekenin (Vallingby, Sweden: We§anen Helin, 1992), 118
p. [jokes]
Lx = Peter J.A. Lerch. Forschungen liber die Kurden und die Iranischen Nordchaldaer: I.
# #
Kurdische Texte gesammelt und herausgegeben mil deutscher Ubersetzung und einer
Einleitung, II Kurdische Glossare fur die Kurmanji- und Zaza-Mundarten mil einer
historischen Einleitung. Anhangen und Zusalzen (St.-Petersburg, 1857-58; repr.
Amsterdam: APA - Philo Press, 1979), 2 vols. in 1 (225 p.)
LY = Roger Lescot. Enquete sur les Yezidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjar, Memoires de l'institut
frangais de Darnas, tome 5 (Beyrouth, 1938), 277 p. [includes Yezidi terms and texts from
Djebel Sindjar in Iraqi Kurdistan & Djebel SinTan in Syrian Kurdistan]
M = D. N. MacKenzie. Kurdish Dialect Studies (London: Oxford University Press, 1961-62) 2
vols. [Forms are from Akre (=Ak) unless otherwise marked: Amadiya (=Am); Sheikhan
(=Sh); Zakho (=Zx): Surgj tribe (=Sr), Northern Iraq]
M2 = D. N. MacKenzie. "The Origins of Kurdish," Transactions of the Philological Society
(1961), 68-86.
M5 = D. N. MacKenzie. "Gender in Kurdish," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African
Studies 16 (1954), 528-41.
MB = Mehmet Emin Bozarslan. Meyro: Qirokin (Istanbul: ((lira Yayinlan, 1979), 143 p. [Short
stories in Kurdish with Turkish translations, Turkey]
MC-1 = Cassette tape in the possession of Michael L. Chyet. [Van, Turkey]
MD = Margreet Dorleijn. The Decay ol'Ergativily in Kurmanci: Language Internal or Contact
Induced? (Tilburg: Tilburg University Press, 1996), 183 p. [includes texts elicited from
informants from Diyarbakir (Dy), Beytu§§ebab (Byt), Hazro (Hzr), etc.]
MK = Margaret Kahn. Borrowing and Variation in a Phonological Description of Kurdish (Ann
Arbor: Phonetics Laboratory, The University of Michigan, 1976), doctoral thesis
[Reza'iyeh (Urmiyah), Province of West Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran]
MK2 = Margaret Kahn. Kurmanji-English, English-Kurmanji Lexicon (Ann Arbor: The
University of Michigan, 1974), typescript [Silvan, Diyarbakir, Turkey]
xxix
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
MK3 = Margaret Kahn. Children of the Jinn: In Search of the Kurds and Their Country (New
York: Seaview Books, 1980), 302 p.
MUm = Mehmed Uzun. Mirina Kaleki Rind: roman (Stockholm: Orfeus, 1987), 135 p.
MUs = Mehmed Uzun. Siva Evine: roman (Stockholm: Orfeus, 1989), 222 p.
Noel = Edward Noel. “The Character of the Kurds as Illustrated by Their Proverbs and Popular
Sayings.” BSOAS 1, iv (1920), 79-90.
OK = Feryad Fazil Omar. Kurdisch-Deutsches Worterbuch = Ferhenga Kurdi-Elmani (Berlin:
Verlag fiir Wissenschaft und Bildung, Kurdische Studien, 1992), 721 p.
OM = Oskar Mann. Die Mundart der Mukri-Kurden, Kurdisch-Persische Forschungen, 4 (Berlin:
G. Reiiner, 1906-1909), 2 vols. [orally-generated texts in Mukri (Sorani of Iranian
Kurdistan) in early phonetic script + German translation)
OS = Osman Sebri [Apof. Gotinin xav ncpijin be tav, ed. by Hernref Re§o (Ratingen [?[, 1981),
vii, 160 p. [poems by one of the foremost modern Kurdish poets)
PB = Peter Pikkert. A Basic Course in Modern Kurmanji (Genk, Belgium: Alev Books, 1991), 59
P-
P£ = §ivan Perwer. Qiroka Neivroze (Uppsala: §ivan Production, 1990), 37 p. [Children’s book
in Kurmanji which tells the story of Kurdish Newroz (New Year’s)]
PS = Eugen Prym & Albert Socin. Kurdische Sammlungen: Erzahlungen und Lieder in den
Dialekten des Tiir Abdin und von Bohtan (St. Petersburg et ah: Eggers & Co., [1887-]
1890), 2 vols. in 4 [Tur 'Abdin (Mardin), Turkey & Zakho, Bohtan (=Behdinan), Iraq] (PS-I
= Tur 'Abdin, Mardin, Turkey; PS-II = Zakho, Bohtan, Iraq)
R = Resen: rojnameyeka gi§t£ye, noke du l'ieftiya careke derdikevit (Dihok) [Religious
newspaper in Kurmanji in Arabic script, published in Dihok]
RD = Baran Rizgar. Uygulamah Kiirtge Dersieri = Der sen Kurd! (London: M.F. Onen, 1993), 389
P-
RF = Baran Rizgar. Kurdish-Engiish English-Kurdish Dictionary = Ferheng Kurdi-
Ingilizi-Kurdi { London: M.F. Onen, 1993), 400 p. [Kurmanji in Latin script]
RJ = R.F. Jardine. Bahdinan Kurmanji: a grammar of the Kurmanji of the Kurds of Mosul
division and surrounding districts of Kurdistan (Baghdad: Government Press, 1922), 114
p. [Mosul, Iraq]
RK = M.B. Rudenko. Kurdskie Narodnve Skazki (Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaia Redaktsiia
Vostochnoi Literaturv, 1970), 247 p. [Kurdish folktales in Russian translation]
RN = Roja Nii: Rojnama Siyasiya hefteyi (1943-1946) (Uppsala: We§anen Jina Nu, 1986), [73
issues]
RN2 = Roja Nu: kovara huneri gandi li odebi (Stockholm: Komkar-Swed, 1979- )
Rnh = Celadet Bedirxan (ed.), Ronahi: supplement illustre de la revue Kurde Hawar (1942-1945)
(Uppsala: Jina Nu, 1985), [28 issues]
Ro = Rojname (Dec 1991) [Newspaper published simultaneously in Sweden and Turkey, after
the 1991 lifting of the ban on Kurdish in Turkey: only 1 issue was published]
Roj = Roj: govareke rosenbiri demdemi bingeha Ezidiya li dervey welat (Hannover, Germany,
Aug 1996- ) [Yezidi journal published in Arabic and Kurmanji]
T A)A A
Ingilizi
XXX
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
Rw§ = Rew§en: Kovara Navenda Qanda Mezopotamya (Istanbul, February 1992-) [Kurmanji
journal published by the Upper Mesopotamian Cultural Center, Istanbul]
RT = R’ya T’eze: Rojnema Mexluqetw—Politikie, KCilturie (Erevan, 1930-) [=’The New Way',
Kurmanji newspaper published in Erevan, Armenia, in Cyrillic characters]
RZ = Re§o Zilan. Svensk-Kurdiskt Lexikon (Nordkurdiska) = Ferhenga Swedi-Kurdi (Kurmanci)
(Stockholm: Statens Institut for Laromedel, 1989), 311, 64 p. [Swedish-Kurmanji
dictionary]
S = E. B. Soane. Grammar of the Kurmanji or Kurdish Language (London: Luzac & Co., 1913),
289 p. [Turkey & Iraq: an early work, largely outdated]
SB = Sebri Botani. "Topa Sultani," Dugir 5 (1997), 50-52.
SB2 = Sebri Botani. Dilistan (Bexda: Qapxana al-Hawadith, 1984)
§BS = §ahine Bekire Sorokli. "Wekheviya jin u meran di civate de" NUDEM 26 (1998), 61-65.
§BS-W = §ahine Bekire Sorekli. Wendahun: romana kurdi (Bonn: Verlag fur Kultur und
Wissenschaft, Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher, 1987)
SC = S. Siabandov & A. Chachan. Xebernama Ermeni-K’urdi = Ruij-Fpiibpkh Fumiupiu‘b{ Erevan:
HayPetHrat, 1957), 352 p. [Soviet Armenia]
S&E = I. A. Smirnova & K. R. Eiiubi. Fonetika Kurdskogo lAzyka (Dialekt Mukri) (Leningrad:
Nauka, 1985), pp. 303-30. [primarily Iran]
SF = Ya§ar Kemal. Siltane Filan: roman, wergera ji tirki Mustafa Aydogan (Jarfalla, Sweden:
Nudem, 1998), 239 p. [Kurmanji translation of the Turkish novel Fil Sultan]
SH= Sidqi Hirori. Evm u §ewat: roman (Jarfalla, Sweden: Nudem, 1998), 109 p.
SK = B. Nikitine. sam dxia.ni Kurdish (ed. by D. N. MacKenzie). Unpublished texts. [§emdinli,
Hekkari, Turkey; comparative notes for Akro appear as SK-Ak]
SS = Salah Saadalla. Saladin's English-Kurdish Dictionary = Qamiisa Selafiedm Ingilizi-Kurdi
([Baghdad: Dar al-Hurriyah], 1998), 1183 p. [1st ed.]; (Istanbul: Avesta; Paris: Institut
Kurde de Paris, 2000), 1477 p. [2d ed.]
ST = Yousuf Zangana & Jawad Molla. The Tale of Sulo and Tato, collected and translated into
English by E. B. Soane and B. Nikitin [sic], rewritten in Southern and Northern Kurdish
by Yousuf Zangana and Jawad Mella, Kurdologia Publications, no. 7 (London: Kurdologia
Publications, 1988), 33, 30 p. [Original text in Southern Kurmanji in Arabic alphabet (ST-
o); reworked text in Kurmanji in Latin alphabet (ST-1); also includes translations into
Sorani in Arabic script and English (also appears in SK)]
SW = Stig Wikander. Recueil de lexles kourmandji (Uppsala: A.-B. Lundequistska Bokhandeln;
Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1959), 108 p. [literary]
SWl = Stig Wikander. Anlolojiya Tekslen Kurdi (Stockholm: Orfeus, 1996), 179 p. [reprint
edition]
Sweetnam = Denise L. Sweetnam. Kurdish Culture: A Cross-Cultural Guide (Bonn: Verlag fur
Kultur und Wissenschaft, 1994), 335 p.
TF = Tori. Ferheng: Kurdi-Tirki, Tiirkge-Kiirtge (istanbul: Koral, 1992), 496 p.
TG = Tuncer Giilensoy. Kurmanci ve Zaza Tiirkgeleri Uzerine bir Ara§tirma: Inceleme ve Sdzliik
(Ankara: Turk Kiilturiinii Ara§tirma Enstitiisii, 1983), 69 p. [Turkey]
xxxi
Sources Used in Compiling This Dictionary
TG2 = Tuncer Giilensoy. Dogu Anadolu Osmanlicasi (Ankara: Turk Kultiiriinti Ara§tirma
Enstitiisii, 1986), 535 p. [Turkey]
Tof = Hesene Mete. Tofan (Stockholm: Nefel, 2000), 85 p.
TS = Tarama Sozliigii. (Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu, 1963-77), 8 vols.
Tsb = R. L. Tsabolov. Ocherk istoricheskoi morfologii Kurdskogo iazyka (Moscow: Nauka, 1978),
90 p. [study of the historical morphology of the Kurdish language]
Tsb2 = R. L. Tsabolov. Ocherk istoricheskoi fonetiki Kurdskogo iazyka (Moscow: Nauka, 1976),
101 p. [study of the historical phonetics of the Kurdish language]
VoA = Voice of America Kurdish airshow broadcasts (1992-present)
W&E = Taufiq Wahby & C. J. Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1966), 179 p. [Sorani Kurdish-English dictionary]
Wit = Welat (Istanbul, 1992-94) [Kurmanji newspaper]
WM = Welate Me (Istanbul, 1994-1996) [Kurmanji newspaper, continuation of Welat]
X'F = M.U. Khamoian. Kurdsko-Russkii Frazeologicheskii Slovar': soderzhit okolo 8000
frazeologicheskikh statei (Erevan: Izdatel’stvo AN Armianskoi SSR, 1979), 273 p.
[primarily USSR & Behdinan, Iraqi Kurdistan]
YSFL = Yona Sabar. The Folk Literature of the Kurdistani Jews: An Anthology (New Haven &
London: Yale University Press, 1982), 250 p. [primarily Jews of Zakho, Iraq]
YSZx = Yona Sabar. "Multilingual Proverbs in the Neo-Aramaic Speech of the Jews of Zakho,
Iraqi Kurdistan," International Journal of Middle East Studies 9 (1978a), 215-35.
[primarily Jews of Zakho, Iraq]
YZ = M. B. Rudenko. Literaturnaia i Fol'klomye Versii Kurdskoi Poemy "IUsuf i Zelikha"
(Moscow: Nauka, 1986), 367 p. [USSR]
Z = Ordikhane Dzhalil & Dzhalile Dzhalil. Zargotina K’urda - Kurdskii Fol'klor (Moscow:
Nauka, 1978), 2 vols. [primarily USSR]
ZM = Zh.S. Musaelian. Zambil'frosh: Kurdskaia poema i ee fol'klomye versii (Moscow: Nauka,
1983), 178 p. [USSR]
ZZ = Zeynelabidin Zinar. Xwenge (Stockholm: We§anxaneya £anda Kurdi, 1989-1997), 10 vols.
[collection of Kurdish folklore, mostly in Kurmanji of Turkey; each vol. indicated as
follows: ZZ-1 = vol. 1; ZZ-2 = vol. 2, etc.]
XXXll
Sources for Linguistic Comparison
Abaev = V. I. Abaev. Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar' osetinskogo iazyka (Moscow; Leningrad,
1958-1989), 4 vols.
AC-1 = Ahmet Caferoglu. Dogu illerimiz Agizlanndan Toplamalar: I. Kars, Erzurum, (Joruh
• •
Ilbayliklan Agizlan (Istanbul: Biirhaneddin Basimevi, 1942), 294 p. (Texts in & glossaries
of the Turkish dialects of Kars, Erzurum, and Artvin]
AC-2 = Ahmet Caferoglu. Giiney-Dogu illerimiz Agizlanndan Toplamalar: Malatya, Elazig,
Tunceli, Gaziantep ve Mara§ Vilayetleri Agizlan (Istanbul: Biirhaneddin Basimevi, 1945),
304 p. [Texts in & glossaries of the Turkish dialects of Malatya, Elazig, Tunceli,
Gaziantep, and Mara§]
AC-3 = Ahmet Caferoglu. Anadolu illeri Agizlanndan Derlemeler: Van, Bitlis, Mu§, Karakose,
Eskigehir, Bolu ve Zonguldak Illeri Agizlan (Istanbul: istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat
Fakiiltesi, 1951), 288 p. [Texts in & glossaries of the Turkish dialects of Van, Bitlis, Mu§,
Karakose (=Agri), Eski§ehir, Bolu and Zonguldak]
Achar = Hrach’eay Acharean. Hayeren Armatakan Bararan (Erevan: Erevani Hamalsarani
Hratarakch’ut’yun, 1971-1979), 4 vols.
Am Her = Calvert Watkins. “Indo-European Roots", in: The American Heritage Dictionary of the
English Language, ed. William Morris (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), pp. 1505-50.
Atilcan = Ihsan Co§kun Atilcan. Erzurum Agzi, Halk Deyimleri ve Folklor Sozliigu (Erzurum,
1977), 167 p.
Bartholomae = Christian Bartholomae. Alliranisches Wbrterbuch (Berlin & New York: Walter De
Gruyter, 1961), 1980 p.
Boyce = Mary Boyce. A Word-list of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Leiden: E.J.
Brill; Tehran & Liege: Bibliotheque Pahlavi, 1977), 172 p.
Brand = Wilhelm Brandenstein & Manfred Mayrhofer. Handbuch des Altpersischen (Wies¬
baden: O. Harrassowitz. 1964), 160 p.
Buck = Carl Darling Buck. A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European
Languages: A Contribution to the History of Ideas (Chicago & London: The University of
Chicago Press, 1949, 1988), 1515 p.
Clauson = Sir Gerard Clauson. An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish
(Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1972), 988 p.
Costaz = Louis Costaz. Dictionnaire Syriaque-Frangais = Syriac-English Dictionary =
(Beyrouth: Imprimerie Catholique, 1963), xxiii, 421 p.
Delitzsch = Friedrich Delitzsch. Assyrisclies Handworterbuch (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs; Balti¬
more: The John Hopkins Press; London: Luzac, 1896), 730 p.
xxxui
Sources for Linguistic Comparison
Doerfer = Gerhard Doerfer. Tiirkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen: unter
besonderer Beriicksichtigung alterer neupersischer Geschichtsquellen vor allem der
Mongolen- und Timuridenzeit (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1963-75), 4 vols.
Fischer & Jastrow = Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte, mit Beitragen von P. Behnstedt... [et al.]
; bearb. und hrsg. von Wolfdietrich Fischer und Otto Jastrow (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
1980), 312 p.
Fraenkel = Frankel, Siegmund. Die aramaischen Fremdworter im Arabischen (Leiden: E.J. Brill,
1886), 327 p.
Garbell = Irene Garbell. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic
Analysis and Folkloristic Texts (London: Mouton, 1965), 342 p.
Gemalmaz = Efrasiyap Gemalmaz. Erzurum ili Agizlan (Erzurum, 1978), 3 vols.
Gersh = Ilya Gershevitch. A Grammar of Manicliean Sogdian (Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1954),
307 p.
Hadank = Karl Hadank. Mundarten der Zaza, hauptsachlich aus Siwerek und Kor (Berlin:
Walter de Gruyter, 1932), xiii, 398 p. + map
Haoma = David Stophlet Flattery and Martin Schwartz. Haoma and Harmaline: The Botanical
Identity of the Indo-Iranian Sacred Hallucinogen “Soma’' and its Legacy in Religion,
Language, and Middle Eastern Folklore, University of California Publications, Near
Eastern Studies, vol. 21 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), vii,
211 p.
Henning Verbum = W. B. Henning. "Das Verburn des Mittelpersischen der Turfanfragmente,"
Zeitschrift fur Indologie und Iranistik 9 (1933), 158-235.
Hetzron = Robert Hetzron. "The Morphology of the Verb in Modern Syriac (Christian Colloquial
of Urmi)," Journal of the American Oriental Society 89 (1969), 112-127. [Neo- Aramaic
dialect of the Christians of Urmi (Reza'iyeh), Kurdistan of Iran]
Hoberman = Robert D. Hoberman. The Syntax and Semantics of Verb Morphology in Modern
Aramaic: A Jewish Dialect of Iraqi Kurdistan (New Haven: American Oriental Society,
1989), xii, 226 p.
Horn = Paul Horn. Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (Strassburg: Triibner, 1893), 386 p.
HR2 = Hellmut Ritter. Turoyo: die Volkssprache der syrischen Christen des TurcAbdin: B:
Worterbuch (Beirut ; Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1979), 589 p. [Turoyo, Neo-
Aramaic language spoken in Tur ‘Abdin region of province of Mardin, Kurdistan of
Turkey]
Hiibsch = H. Hiibschmann. Persische Studien (Strassburg: Triibner, 1895), 287 p.
Jeffery = Arthur Jeffery. The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur'an (Baroda, India: Oriental Institute,
1938), 311 p.
Kent = Roland G. Kent. Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, American Oriental Series, 33
(New Haven, Conn.: American Oriental Society, 1953), 219 p.
Krotkoff = Georg Krotkoff. A Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Kurdistan: Texts, Grammar, and
Vocabulary (New Haven, Conn.: American Oriental Society, 1982), 172 p. [Neo-Aramaic
dialect of the village of Aradhin, 10 miles west of Amadia, Kurdistan of Iraq]
xxxxv
Sources for Linguistic Comparison
Laufer = Berthold Laufer. Sino-Iranica: Chinese Contributions to the History of Civilization in
Ancient Iran (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1919; reprint: Taipei: Ch'eng-
Wen Publishing Company, 1967), 185-630 p.
Lopat = Lopatinskii, L. Evreisko-Arameiskle teksty. in: Sbornik" Materialov” dlia opisaniia
miestnosteiipiemen" Kavkaza, Vyp. 20, Otdel" 2, (Tiflis": Kantseliariia Glav-
nonachal'stvuiushchago Grazhdanskoiu Chastiiu na Kavkaz i Kozlovskago, 1894), pp. 1-
32 [second numeration in this volume]
M3 = D. N. MacKenzie. A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary (London: Oxford University Press, 1971),
236 p.
M4 = D. N. MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-I Luhon): Grammatical Sketch,
Texts, and Vocabulary (Kobenhavn: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab,
1966), 140 p.
Maclean = Arthur John Maclean. Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by
the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1901; reprinted: Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1972), 334 p.
Macuch = Rudolf Macuch. Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic (Berlin : W. de Gruyter,
1965), 649 p.
Mai = Malmisanij. Zazaca-Tiirkge Sozliik = Ferhenge Dimilki-Tirki (Uppsala: Jina Nu, 1987),
431 p.
Mayrhofer = Manfred Mayrhofer. Etyniologisches Worterbuch des Altindoarischen (Heidelberg:
C. Winter, 1986-[l990]), [8] fascicles
M. Jastrow = Marcus Jastrow. □"’‘PiDil 130= A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and
Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (New York: The Judaica Press, 1985, cl971), 2
9
vols. in 1.
Morg = Georg Morgenstierne. lndo-Iranian Frontier Languages (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1973),
2 vols.
Morg2 = Georg Morgenstierne. Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Wiesbaden: Dr.
Ludwig Reichert, 1974), 119 p.
Morg3 = Georg Morgenstierne. “The Development of Iranian R + Consonant in the Shughni
Group,” in W.B. Henning Memorial Volume (London: Lund Humphries, 1970), pp. 334-
42.
Nadeliaev = V. M. Nadeliaev et al. (ed.) ZlpeBHeTiopKCKHfl CAOBapb [DrevnetiurkskiT slovar c
=01d Turkic dictionary] (Leningrad: Nauka, 1969), 988 p.
Oraham = Alexander Joseph Oraham. Oraham’s Dictionary of the Stabilized and Enriched
Assyrian Language and English (Chicago : Consolidated Press, 1943), 576 p.
PN = Eugen Prym & Albert Socin. Der Neu-Aramaeische Dialekt des Tur ‘Abdin; a. die Texte; b.
Ubersetzung. (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1881), v. 1, pp. 1-5; v. 2, pp. 1-8,
[375] [Neo-Aramaic (Turoyo) text in phonetic transcription (v. 1) + German translation (v.
2 )]
Pok = Julius Pokoruy. Indogermanisches etymologisches Worterbuch (Bern: Francke, 1959-
1969), 2 vols.
xxxv
Sources for Linguistic Comparison
Pyn-Sm = J. Payne Smith. A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus
Syriacus ofR. Payne Smith (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1990 [1903]), 623 p.
Ras = V. S. Rastorgueva. CpaBHHTeAbHO-HCTopHvecKari rpaMMaTHKa 3anagH0HpaHCKHX
S3HKOB [= Comparative historical grammar of the western Iranian languages] (Moscow:
Nauka, 1990), 253 p.
RC = Redhouse £agda§ Tiirkge-ingilizce Sozliigii = Contemporary Turkish-English Dictionary
• _
(Istanbul: Redhouse Yaymevi, 1983), 455 p.
RTI = Redhouse Yeni Tiirkge-ingilizce Sozliik = New Redhouse Turkish- English Dictionary
(Istanbul: Redhouse Yaymevi, 1981), 1292 p.
Sabar: Bereshit = Yonah Sabar. Sefer Bereshit be-Aramit H adashali = The Book of Genesis in
Neo-Aramaic in the Dialect of the Jewish Community of Zakho], ‘Edah ve-Lashon, 9
(Jerusalem: Hebrew University Language Traditions Project, 1983), 294 p.
Sabar: Diet - Yonah Sabar. A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary: Dialects of Zakho and Vicinity
(Iraqi Kurdistan) Including Words from Oldest Manuscripts and Bible Translations, Folk
Literature and Everyday Speech, typescript (Los Angeles, 1995).
Sabar: Shemot = Yonah Sabar. Sefer Shemot be-Aramit H adasliah = The Book of Exodus in
%
Neo-Aramaic in the Dialect of the Jewish Community of Zakho], ‘Edah ve-Lashon, 12
(Jerusalem: Hebrew University Language Traditions Project, 1988), 181 p.
Todd = Terry Lynn Todd. A Grammar ofDimili (also known as Zaza). Doctoral dissertation.
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1985), xv, 277 p.
TS = Tarama Sozliigii (Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu, 1963-77), 8 vols.
Vahman = Fereydun Vahman, Arda Wiraz Namag: The Iranian 'Divina Commedia' (London &
Malmo: Curzon, 1986), 326 p. [Pahlavi (Middle Persian) text and glossary]
vSoden = W. von Soden. Akkadisches Handworterbuch (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965-81), 3
vols.
Yar-Shater = Ehsan Yar-Shater. A Grammar of Southern Tati Dialects (The Hague & Paris:
Mouton, 1969), 276 p.
xxxvi
Places of Informant Origin
Abbreviation
Kurdish name
"Officiar name
Province
Ad
Mensur/§em§ur
Adiyaman (1985)
Adiyaman
Ag
Agin
Agn
Agn
Ak
Akre
c Aqrah ^
Mosul (Iraq)
Am
Amedi
Amadiah
Mosul (Iraq)
Amd
Am ud
(Syria)
Bar
Barzani [tribe]
Barzan(Iraq)
Bg
Qapaxgur / £ewlig
Bingo1
Bingol
B§k
Ba§qale
Ba§kale
Van
Bt
[Bilis]
Bitlis
Bitlis
Btm
EliKe
Batman
Batman
Bw
Berwari [tribe]
Dihok (Iraq)
Bzd
Bazid
Dogubayazit
Agn
Czr
Cizira Bota
Cizre
Mardin
Qnr
Qinar
Qmar
Diyarbakir
Dh
Dihok
Mosul (Iraq)
Drk
Derik
Derik
Mardin
Dy
Diyarbekir
Diyarbakir
Diyarbakir
Dyd
Diyadin
Diyadin
Agn
Efr
c Efrin
c Afrin
(Syria)
Elb
Elbistan
Elbistan
Mara§
Elk
Elki
Beytii§§ebap
Hakkari
Erg
Ergani
Ergani
Diyarbakir
Erh
Dilie
Eruh
Siirt
Frq
Feriqin
Silvan
Diyarbakir
Grc
Gercu§
Gercii§
Mardin
Gz
Dilok/‘Entab
Gaziantep
Gaziantep
Haz
• •
Hazo
Kozluk
Batman
Hk
Hekkari(Qolemerg)
Hakkari
Hakkari
Hym
Haymana
Ankara
Ig
Igdir
Igdir
Igdir
Kg
Gexi
Kigi
Bingol
Klk
Kulik
Kahta
Adiyaman
Kp
Kop
Bulanik
Mu§
Kr
Qers
Kars
Kars
Krb
Kerboran
Karboran
Mardin
Krg
Karakogan
Elazig
K§
Kir§ehir
Kir§ehir
Kzl
Kiziltepe [1988]
Mardin
XXXV11
Places of Informant Origin
Abbreviation
Kurdish name
"Official" name
Province
Mdt
Midvat
Midyat
Mardin
Ml
Milan! (tribe)
(Iran)
Mlt
Meletiye
Malatya
Malatya
Mr§
Mer‘a§
Mara§
Mara§
Ms
Mensur
Adiyaman [1988]
Adiyaman
Msl
Musil
Mosul
Mosul (Iraq)
Msr
Misirc
Kurtalan
Siirt
M§
Mu§
Mu§
Mu§
Mtk
Motki
Motki
Bitlis
Mzg
Mazgirt
Tunceli
Mzr
Mizuri [tribe]
Dihok
Dihok (Iraq)
Nsh
Nisebin
Nusaybin
Mardin
Omr
Omeri [tribe]
Mardin
Fit
Polatli
Ankara
Prw
Perwari
Pervari
Siirt
Pin
Patnos
Agri
Qm§
Qami§lok
Qamishli
Qamishli (Syria)
Qrj
Qerejdax
Karacadag
Diyarbakir
QtbrE
Qotur - Elend
Urmiye (Iran)
Qzl
Qiziltepe
Kiziltepe
Mardin
JRh
Reha
Ur fa
Urfa
Rwn
Rewan
Erevan
(Armenia)
Sim
Selmas
Selmas
Urmiye (Iran)
Slv
Silevani [tribe]
Zaxo
Zaxo (Iraq)
Sad
Sindi [tribe]
Zaxo
Zaxo (Iraq)
Sr
Sert
Siirt
Siirt
Srk
Siwerek/Serek
Siverek
Urfa
§nx
§irnex
§irnak
§irnak (former Mardin)
§x
§exan
Sheikhan
Dihok [Iraq]
Tkm
Tekman
Tekman
Erzurum
Trg
Tergewer
Urmiya (Iran)
Twn
Tetwan
Tatvan
Bitlis
Ur
Reha
Urfa (1985)
Urfa
Uirm
Urmiye
Urmiya
Urmiya [Iran]
Wm»
Wan
Van
Van
Wr
Weran§ehir
Viran§ehir
Urfa
Xp
Xarput
Elazig
Elazig
Xjh$
•
Khorasan (Iran)
fez
Xarzan
Garzan
Siirt
Zdb>
Zebari [tribe]
Akre (Iraq)
Z%
Zaxo
Zakho (Iraq)
• • •
XXXVIII
< 1 »■ s » 4
• • . *
r
» V*
r
* t
0 ^
• *1
Standard Kurdish Orthography Table
Roman
(Hawar)
Cyrillic
Arabic
A
a
A
a
) / l e *
B
b
B
6
♦
C
c
m
iM
S
S’
T
<?
D
d
a
VL
J
[D]
E
fo]
e
8
0
d 3
o / *5 *
‘E
‘e
&
a'
At
(E’l (e’l
£ e
E
e
%
V / Y j *
CS ' LS 1
• • ••
Ci
F
f
$
$
G
g
r
r
off
kS\
H
h
h
h
J*
ft
h
H
K
e
(H’)
I
(h’)
•
1
h
B
A
I
A
1
H
H
^ [vowel] !^
•• ••
J
•
]
)K
A
J
K
k
K
K
-J
K’
k’
K J
K'
-J
L
1
J1
Jl
j
4
L
•l
j]
Jl
j
%
* Initial vowels begin with a hamzah kursi (
s )
xxxix
%
Standard Kurdish Orthography Table
Roman
(Hawar)
Cyrillic
Arabic
M
m
M
M
r
N
n
H
H
•
0
O
0
0
0
y J ye *
3 ' 3*
P
P
n
n
P
P’
IT
n'
V
Q
q
Q
q
o
R
r
p
P
J
R
r
p
p 7
V
S
s
c
c
LT
§
§
in
LU
A
LT
[S/S]
[?/sl
U°
T
t
T
T
o
T’
t’
T
T'
A A
•
o
[T/T]
[t/t]
L
U
u
• •
0
• •
0
/ '{^
j [vowel] /^5
u
A
u
y
y
/ p ^
^
V
V
B
B
•
••
w
w
w
W
j [consonant]
X
X
X
4ft
X
• •
C
X
• •
X
r
7
r
•
£
Y
y
ft
ft
[consonant]
Z
z
3
3
••
•
J
C
r
* • p
* Initial vowels begin with a hamzah kursi ( i )
xl
Calendar Systems
SYSTEM ONE
(Christian-International)
1 January
2 February
3 March
4 April
5 May
6 June
7 July
8 August
9 September
10 October
11 November
12 December
SYSTEM TWO
(Persian Solar)
(Jan-Feb) 11 Behmen
(Feb-Mar) 12 Esfend JJjL*,)
(Mar-Apr) 1 Ferverdin
(Apr-May) 2 Ordibehe§t
(May-Jun) 3 Xurdad jIj y±
(Jun-Jul) 4 Tir ^o'
(Jul-Aug) 5 Mur dad
(Aug-Sept) 6 §ehriver j&y&Z
(Sep-Oct) 7 Mehr
(Oct-Nov) 8 Aban yld
(Nov-Dec) 9 Azer jjl
(Dec-Jan) 10 Dey
SYSTEM ONE (Christian-International)
1 January
Kurdish names
Kanuna Pa§in (Kanuna Duwe) / £illeya Pa§in /
2 February
Sivat - §ubat
3 March
Adar - Avdar
4 April
Nisan
5 May
Gulan
6 June
Heziran - Xeziran
7 July
Tirmeh (Temuz)
8 August
Tebax (Ab)
9 September
lion
10 October
£iriya Pe§in (Qiriya Yeke) / Cotmeh
11 November
£iriya Pa§in (£iriya Duwe) / Mijdar
12 December
Kanuna Pe§in (Kanuna Yeke) / Qilleya Pe§in
xli
Calen dar Systems
SYSTEM TWO (Iranian Solar)
(Jan-Feb)
AQUARIUS
Persian name
11 Behmen
Sorani Kurdish names
Nawzistan / Rebendan [Karwan]
(Feb-Mar)
PISCES
12 Esfend jojLJ
Re§eme [Karwan] / Polan
(Mar-Apr)
ARIES
1 Ferverdin qj j
Nweroj (Newroz [Karwan]) / Xakelewe
(Apr-May)
TAURUS
2 Ordibehe§t
Gufan [Karwan] / Banemerr
(May-Jun)
GEMINI
3 Xurdad j)
Cozerdan [Karwan] (Cehzeran) /
Codirew /Baranbirran/
[Bextebaran?]
(Jun-Jul)
CANCER
4 Tir _^s
Germaciman / Pu§perr [Karwan]
(Jul-Aug)
LEO
5 Murdad j^-o
Xermanan [Karwan] / [Coxxnan?] /
[Miwegenan?]
(Aug-Sept)
VIRGO
6 §ehriver
Berewpayiz / Gelawej [Karwan]
(Sep-Oct)
LIBRA
7 Mehr
Miran / GeFarezan [Hej] /
Rezber [Karwan] / [Rezenan?]
(Oct-Nov)
SCORPIO
8 AbanQb)
Geforezan [W&E/Karwan]
(Nov-Dec)
SAGITTARIUS
9 Azer jj)
Agirdan / Sermawez [Karwan]
(Dec-Jan)
CAPRICORN
10 Dey ^
SehoFbendan / Befranbar
[Karwan] /[Kewbe(r)dar?]
xlii
Kurdish-English
Dictionary
A ts
abdestxane ajU^oJub (SK) = toilet. See avdestxane.
abid job m.&f. (). devout, pious person; ascetic:
•Abidek li we dere heye, ibadet dike u
Qurane dixwinit (Rnh 2:17, p. 308) There is a
pious man there, he worships, and reads the Koran.
{also: [abid] jub (JJ); <‘abid> j^G (HH)) <Ar ‘abid
joIp = 'worshipper, adorer' [Rnh/K/IFb/JJ/HH/OK]
abori f. C-ya; ). 1) economy (JB3/IF); 2) {also:
■ «
eburi [3] (K)) living, life, existence (K); sustenance,
support (TF); 3) [adj.[ economic(al), financial (A):
•Endamen malbata min ji min hevi dikirin
ku ez zaningehe biqedinim, bibim xwedi
peywir u alikariya abori bi wan re bikim
(Wit 1:35. p. 16) Members of my family expected
me to finish college, get a job, and help them out
financially. f(neol)A/JB3/IF/(GF)/TF//K]
abring ^15 = sheep shears. See hevring.
abring = sheep shears. See hevring.
aciz /‘aciz adj. [+ji]. 1) unhappy, upset,
despairing, sick [and tired] (of) : •"Cima tu
naxwi"? Go: "Bavo, ez ji go§t aciz bume"
(L) "Why don’t you eat?" He said. "Dad, I’m sick of
meat" •Geliki bena min tenge, ez acizim (L) I
am troubled and anxious *Seydaye min pirr bi
ve nezanina min e§iya u aciz bu (Wit 2:66.
p.2) My teaclier was very grieved and troubled by
this gap in my knowledge |lit. 'bv this ignorance of
mine’] •Wellah, ez geliki ji cane xwe aciz
bilme (L) By God, I’m fed up with my life; -‘aciz
/V
kirin (SK) to disturb, bother, upset: # U neferatet
qu§oni ket-ket t§-bigehinin ko ser-bi-xo
re'iyete ’aciz neken we milleti dil-xo§
biken (SK 56:658) And they should give the
personnel of the army to understand, one by one,
that they should not independently annoy the
populace, and they should placate the people; 2)
tired, exhausted (B); 3) uncomfortable, suffering:
•[Zani ku mar kdviyek dabeland le struyen
[sterene] wi negune xware u mane li gewriya
wi da u je aciz bti] (BG, p.25) He understood
that the snake had swallowed a wild animal, but its
horns had not gone down and had stayed in his
throat and he was suffering from this, {also: 'eciz (Z-
2); eciz (B-2); [adjiz] j^xG (JJ); <’aciz> j^G (HH);
[ajeze] (BG) = ennuye, torture] <Ar ‘ajiz 33 .G
{acizayi; acizi; ecizayi] [L/B/JJ/HH/SK//Z-2//BG]
cbek’ef; bihecin; dilteng; qehirin; tengav>
aciza»yi f. ( ; # y§). 1 ) being unhappy,
■ • »•
upset, despairing, sick [and tired] of; 2 ) fatigue,
exhaustion (B). [also: acizi (IF); ecizayi (B- 2 );
[ajezaie] (BG) = ennui, peine, torture] [B/BG//IF]
<aciz; diltengi>
acizi ^^xb (IF) = being unhappy; exhaustion. See
• •
acizayi.
ag’ar II jbxb/ag’arjG-b [K] m. ( ; ag’er). rye: -nane
ag’ar (B/K) rye bread. { svn: §ilel) Cf. T gavdar
[K/B] <ceh; genim>
ada bb f ( ;-e). island, {also: ade II (B); [ada] bl (JJ)]
{syn: cizir; durgeh; girav II) < T ada = 'island'
[F/K/JJ//B]
Adar jbb /. (-a;-e). March (month) : «Adar e, dew
li dar e (AB) It is March, dew [yoghurt & water] is
in the wood [=wooden churner] [prvj •[Hejde bi
Adare, milyakete tete xware, gazi dikete
bihar e] (BG) On March 18th, the angel comes
down, and shouts out, "It’s springtime!" Jproverbial
expression] [also: [adar jbT/hadar jbbfc/[azer jj)]]
(JJ); <adar> j) jT (HH): [adar] (BG); [adar] (RJ)) Syr
odar 5 9 1 [Heb adar T 1 R] -> Ar adar jbR
corresponds to last part o/Re^eme ^y^oj/Polan
(P esfand j[P isces] & 1st part of
Newroz[mang] [JjUljjjjWXakelewe (P
farvardln ^j^j) [Aries]
[K/A/JB3/lFb/B/IJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/BG/RJ]
ad«e I ojIJ m.(h\v)/f.(K/OK) (•§/ ; ). weed: •Subahi
de gin nav zevya pi§t gundi, tiltin,
bacansorka gelek ade ye te hati (Bw)
Tomorrow we will go to the fields behind the
village, there are many weeds there among the
tobacco and eggplant: -ade kirin (SK) to weed:
•Min bistanek gandiye. Were, bigin, ade
bikeyn (SK 21:193) I have planted a garden.
Gome, let us go and weed it. {also: ede (K- 2 ); 'ede
(K); [ada] bl (JJ-Rh)] [Bw/lFb/SK/OK//JJ-Rh//K]
<a§ef; giya; xepar>
ade II ojb (B) = island. See ada.
’adet o*jG [JJ/HH/SK]/adet oojb [A/IFb/GF/OK/AD]
m./f.(OK/AD) (-e/ ; ). 1) \syn: kevne§op] custom:
1
A
•£awa 'edete milete Muxur-Zemine dixast
(FK-eb-l) As the custom of the people of M.Z.
demanded; 2) habit: *Ewcar wexte disa li-ser
'adete xo man xo li stukira riwi aland u
derbaz bUn, mari xo giro kir, xoket xo
nekirinewe (SK 2:12) Then, when the snake
wound himself round the fox's neck again in the
usual way [lit. 'upon his habit'] and they crossed
over, the snake delayed and did not unwind its
coils, {also: adet (A/IFb/GF/AD); ‘adet (SK); [adet]
ojU (JJ); <’adet> ooU (HH)| < Ar ‘adah ojU—> T
adet [FK-l/K/B//F//A/IFb/GF/OK/AD//JJ/HH/SK]
adir jjh (TF) = epilepsy. See 'edro.
aferandin jaib (TF) = to create. See afirandin.
afir ^ih/afir [IS] f./m.(Bw) { ;-§). 1) (wooden)
feeding-trough, manger (Msr/Bw); 2) stable: •Hema
wi gaxi Bore Meme k’etibu hire, zik le
werimi bu, Meme afirda ber sere Bor
runi§tibu u digiria (FK-eb-l) Just at that time
Mem's horse Bor had fallen into a well, his bellv
w
had swollen up, and Mem sat in the stable at Bor's
head and wept, {also: hafir, m. (Bw); [afir] J\ (JJ);
<afir> (HH)| < O Ir *a-hvar-ana (='tbat which
provides food’ agent noun) ; Mid P axwarr- =
'manger, stable' (M3); Sgd ”xwyr- [axwaraya-
causative] = 'to feed’; cf. T afir [Bitlis; Varto, Mu§;
Kirikhan, Amik ovasi, Gavurdagi, Hatay; Karaozii,
Gemerek-Sivas] = ’feeding trough in a stable' (DS, v.
1, p. 72) [Msr/B/JJ/HH//Bw] <axur>
afirandin \ j\5vt. (-afirin-). 1 ) to create, make; to
invent: »Her berhem dive li gor dem u
rew§a ku te de hatiye afirandin, were
nirxandin (Wit 1:39, p. 11) Every work of art
should be evaluated according to the time and
conditions in which it was created • Karen wiha ji
dive di bin gavderiyen Neteweyen
Yekbuyi (NY) de ben afirandin (Wit 1:37,
p.16) Such things should be created under the
supervision of the UN •Xwede em afirandin we
disa ji biafirine (IFb) God created us and he will
create again •Zargotina me pir dewlemend e.
Milet§ me ew zargotin afirandiye, niha ji
diafirine. Ew kaniyeke gur e (Wit 2:59, p.16)
Our folklore is very rich. Our people has created
this folklore, and is still creating it. It is a gushing
source; 2 ) [syn: berhem) [f.] (literary) work, work of
art, opus (Ber/K). [also: aferandin (TF); efrandin
(Ber/F); ’efirandin pefirin-) (K/B); [afrandin] jjjl
(JJ)] Cf. P a fan dan [Ber/F/JJ/
/Wlt/JB3/IFb/GF//TF//K/B]
afsun (IFb) = magic. See efsuni.
afuj^B (B) = pardon. See ’efft.
agir _Jb m. (-e; egir [BK/K], vi agiri). fire, flame:
•Her kese pe§keke ji awa tizbiyet min
wexotewe, cendeke wi agire cehennem§
nabinit (SK 12:119) Whoever drinks a drop of
the water from my rosary, his body will not see the
fire of Hell •Qehwe dani ser egir (Qzl) She put
the coffee on the fire; -agir berdan (K) to set fire
to: # Agir berdide qesir u qunaxa xo (Z-3) He
sets fire to his manor; -agir k’etin = to catch fire:
•£iqas xirabye biki, agir be’re nak’ewe (Dz)
No matter how much evil you do, the sea won't
catch fire [lit. 'fire won't fall to the sea’] [prv.[ ®Ko
agir li giye ket, ter u hi§k tev de di§ewitin
(BX) When the mountain catches fire, wet and dry
burn together [prv.]. [also: ar I; [aghirjH /arjl] (JJ);
<agir>^fl(HH); [aguerr] (BG); [ager] (RJ)} {syn: alav I;
p’et) [Pok. at(e)r- 69.] 'fire': M. Schwartz: *adur—
>*a’ur --> agur & awur & ar. O Ir atar- m. {acc .
aturam): Av atars (acc. at(a)ram) -> learned
borrowing from Av nom. into MidP as ataxS --> P
atas alongside MidP adur formed from acc.; P
azer- jS) in azerbayjan & azerjjT = 'month
of the fire god’; Sor agir ^t c /ar jb/awir jjb; Za adir
111 . (Todd); Hau er m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/BK/BG/RJ/
MK2] See also ar I. cberheste; bizot; heste; k’irpit;
neftik; reji; teni; xweli>
agirkuj ni. (). fireman, firefighter.
[K/A/IFb/GF/RF/RZ]
agirp’arez (B/K/GF) = fi re worshipper. See
agirperest.
agirp’arezi^^jb^ts (B/K/GF) = fire worship. See
agirperesti.
agirp’eres (K/A/JJ) = fire worshipper. See
agirperest.
agirp’eresi (K/A) = fire worship. See
••
agirperesti.
agirperest m. (). fire worshipper: *Meriv
dibeje qeye agirperesteki dema medan e
(Tof) One could say he was a fire worshipper from
the time of the Medes. | also: agirp’arez (B/K- 2 /GF-
2); agirp’eres (K/A); agirperist (AD); [&ghir-peres]
2
A
^j\ on) cf. p azar'parast o—iT; Sor agirperist
o-jApSts [Tof/IFb/GF/TF//AD//K/A/JJ//B]
agirperesti /. ( ;-ye). fire worship, [also:
agirp’arezi (B/K- 2 /GF- 2 ); agirp’eresi (K/A)) Cf. P
azar’parastl [IFb/GF/TF//K/A//B]
agirperist o—(AD) = fire worshipper. See
agirperest.
ajnaberi f. (JB3/0K) = swimming. See ajne.
« ■
ajne (IFb) = swimming. See ajne.
ajne f. (). swimming: -ajne kirin (Rh) to swim.
[also: ajnaberi, f. (JB3/0K); ajne (IFb)} \syn:
melevani; sobahi} [Pok. sna-/sna-(t-)/snau-/sn-eu-/sn-
et- 971.] ’to flow, moisture’: Skt snati/snayate =
’bathes’; Av snayeite = ’washes, rinses'; P sana Li =
’swimming’; =Sor mele Za asnaw
[Ad/Kg/GF/Rh//IFh//JB3/0K]
ajotin qZ }jb vt. ([d]ajo-). 1 ) to drive, conduct, lead:
•Xort da pey box, dela box girt. ..an! hat
gireda cote xwe, ajot (J) The young man ran
after the bull, took hold of the hull’s tail...He took
it, came, [and] tied it to his plough, [and] drove it
on *Hat dina xwe dae, xort we box
giredaye ft dajo (J) He went to have a look, [he
saw that] the youth had tied up the bull and was
driving it »Bajon, eme herin (L) Drive [your
horses] onward, let’s go; 2 ) {syn.' domin; k’i§andin
[6]} to take place, last, continue, go on: «Ji
destpeka dema A. virda heta niha
asimilasyonek (meji§ft§tin) fireh li v! be§e
Kurdistane dajo (Ber) Since the beginning of the
period of A., assimilation (brainwashing) has gone
on widely in this part of Kurdistan •...Le ve
deme j! kurt ajot (Ber) ...But this period lasted
[a] short [time], [also: hajotin (M/Bw); [ajoutin
/hajoutin (JJ); <ajotin (tajo) ( 3 jb)>
(HH); [ajotene (ad’ajome)] (BG) = pousser une bete}
Sor ajutin jjj^jb (aju) (W&E)/ajwan jl 3 jb (ajo) (M-
Mukri)/hajo[§]tin (M-Arbil). Often linked
with [Pok kseubh- 625.] 'to rock back and forth’:
Av xsaob- = 'to incite to motion, excite' & P asoftan
lyJuA (-aSub-) = to disturb, agitate’ (see Tsb
40 & 50) [J/BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/BG //M/Bw]
akinci m.&f. Q. inhabitant, resident. <T akmci
= ’raider’ (<akm + ci) [VoA/OK/Bw] cbineci; bineli>
al Jb f (-a; ). (war) banner, flag: «Ala min pel dide
(AB) My banner is waving, [also: ala, in. (-ye; )
(Bw/IFb/GF/OK)) {syn; beraq) Cf. T al = ’red,
Y
scarlet': perhaps banners were often red; Sor ala jb
- 'standard, pen’ [AB/K/A/JB3/TF//Bw/IFb/GF/OK]
ala Yb, m. (-ye; ) (Bw/IFb/GF/OK) = flag. See al.
alan jYb (IFb/RF) = echo. See olan.
alandin Ybvf. (-alin-/-al§[n]-). 1) to wind, twist
(a rope) (K): «Mari ji xo li stukira riwi aland
(SK 2:11) And the snake wound itself round the
fox’s neck; 2) ( syn: weranin) to wrap (JB3): •Mem§
qap’ftte he§in sere xwe daline (EP) M. wraps
the green overcoat around his head [to protect him
from the evil eye]; 3) to interlace (JB3). [Pok. 3. al-
27] ’to wander/roam about aimlessly; also, to be
emotionally lost’ — see alin. [Z-1/EP-7/K/JB3/B/SK]
alastin vt. (-ales-), to lick: • Sultan fizi go
ji Qadi §iro re: “Kas ra ke, gfgek dan! ser
ninoka xa”. Go: “Balese!” Weqt§ alist, li
ezmana qapi ve bu (LY) Sultan Ezi said to the
judge, “Pick up the cup, and put a little on your
fingernail." [Then] he said, “Lick [it]!” When he
licked it, in the heavens a door opened up. [also:
alestin; alistin (LY); alTstin (-alls-) (M); [alistin
UJ
Jl/listin
L Fr
J] (JJ); <alistin
u-
(dalise)
<uJL)> (HH); [lis kirin] (RJ)1 [Pok. leigh- 668.] 'to
lick’: Skt Vlih [ledhi]; O Ir Vl/raiz; Av raez-; Sgd rys-;
Khotanese Saka rrays- [rraz-]; Pamir dialects: Yidgha
& Munji nerlz-; Onnuri las-yek; Parachi lis- [lust];
Sanglechi les-; Wakhi lix-; Shughni dak- (Morg);
Southern Tati dialects: Takestani u-listan (Yar-
Shater); P lisldan j^™J/ listan (-les-K^^j}/
listan^-J/ llstan^j^J; Sor les!n[ewe]
[oj^^-jJ/listinlewe] Za lesena [listi§] (Srk);
Hau lesay (les-) vt. (M4); Cf. Arm lizel i_h<L fc L; Rus
lizat’ AH3aTb [L/F/K/JB3/B/SC//JJ/LY//HH//M//RJ]
alav I JYb f. (-a;-e). flame, [also: [alaou] (JJ)) {syn:
agir & ar I; p'et} Cf. P ‘alov^i* --> T alev
[Z-1/K/B//JJ]
alav II JYb m. (-e; ). instrument, tool, utensil, (syn:
amir; p’ergal II[3]| [Qzl/IFb/GF/FJ]
alek J<Jb f. (-a; ). cheek, (syn; gup; hinarik; lame; fu
[3]} Cf. T al = ’scarlet' [Snd/IFb]
alestin = to lick. See alastin.
alfabe <^LJb f. (-ya; ). alphabet: «Gel8 me xeribfi
alfabeya xwe ye (Wit 1:21, p. 2) Our people is a
stranger to its alphabet •T£ xuyakirin ku,
nemir du tip ji alfabeya xwe avStine, ew
herdu tip ev in: tt - X (Wit 1:42, p.10) It seems
that the dearly departed [=Celadet Bedirxan]
3
A
removed two letters from his alphabet; those two
letters are H and X. {also: alfavit, f. (B); alifba, m.
(K); elfabe (K/JB3); elifba (Ber); elifbe (A))
[AB/Wlt//K/JB3//A//Ber//B] <tip>
alfavit o-iUJb (B) = alphabet. See alfabe.
alif od IS m. (]. fodder, forage, feed (for farm animals):
-alif kirin (K/B)/~dan (K) to feed, give feed to
(animals), {also: [alef] oil* (JJ); <alif> oiJHHH)) {syn:
alik I) <Ar ‘alaf oil* = ’fodder, forage, provender';
v
Sor alif odlS = 'fodder grass'
[F/K/A/IFb/B/HH/SK/OK//JJ//(GF)]
alifba LillS, nr. (K) = alphabet. See alfabe.
alik «JJb f (). small, thin bird; starling, zool.
Sturnidae [Ft etourneau): *Teyr tire [=tiri]
dixwin, bext§ alik bi re§ e (L) All the birds eat
grapes, only tbe starling bas no luck [lit. 'the
starling’s luck is black'] [prv.t [also: alik II (IFb/GF)}
[syn: garanik; re§elek; zerzurl [HB/L/A//IFb/GF]
alistin (LY/JJ) = to lick. See alastin.
alizin ^yJb (Bw) = to get entangled. See alozyan.
all ^Jb m. (-[y]e; ). side, direction: •aliye gep[e]
(K/B/MK2) left side •aliye rast[S] (K/B/MK2) right
side • [li] wi all = in that direction; on that side;
-aliye... = in the direction of. facing: •ali@
fohilate (Ba2) facing east(ward) «Ser p 5 e§a
Dfimanlueye ali§ Zeribxane (Ba2) On the
slope of [Mount] Dumanlu facing Zeribkhaneh; -
[xwe li] aliye fk-i girtin (K/B) to support s.o.,
side with, take s.o.’s side (in a dispute): -all kirin
(Msr/MK2) to help. Sec arik’ari; -ji aliye ... ve
=: a) by (agent with passive verb) {syn: bi deste...; ji
terefe...): *Le bele, pe hisiyan ku gandiniyen
wan ji aliye le§keren Tirk ve, hatine
§ewitandin (CTV142) But they found out that
their crops had been burned by tbe Turkish
soldiers; b) from the point of view of: •Buyera
revandina Cevat Soysal, iro-ji ji aliye
htiquqi ve, hate niqa§ kirin (CTV184) The
incident of the kidnapping of Cevat Soysal has been
debated today also from a legal standpoint; -ji her
ali (K)/ji Kemil aliya[n| (K/B)/ji her layekiwe
(SK) from all sides, from every which way, from all
around: •Ewcar ji her layekiwe xulamet
pa§a xir btinewe, dest bi §eri kirin [sic] (SK
24:225) Then the pasha’s men gathered from all
sides and began to fight, {also: la (SK/Bw/Zeb); [ali]
^ J\ (JJ)) [syn: hel II; mil [3]; k’elek; teni§t; teref) This
word exemplifies how O Iranian -rd- becomes -1-
in Kurdish: O Ir *arda- m.: Av araSa- m. = 'side,
half; Skr ardha- = 'half & ardba- = 'side'; Oss ardaeg
= 'half; Sor la Y = side, direction, part, half
[F/K/A/lFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK/MK2//
SK/Bw/Zeb]
aligir ^£Jb m. (). supporter, backer, partisan, {syn:
meldar [1]) (aligiri) [(neol)IFb/GF/TF] <alinegir>
aligiri JlS f. (-ya; ). support, backing: -aligiriya
fk-e kirin (Wit) to back, support: «Ji 165
nuneran ... 60-70 bi destnivis^n imzeyen
xwe aligiriya me dikin (Wit 1:37, p.16) Out of
165 representatives ... 60-70 support us with tbeir
signatures, {syn: meldari; pi§tgiri] [(neol)Wlt/TF]
<aligir>
alik I cTJb f.(Bw)/m.(JBl-A/OK/SK) (-a/-e; ). fodder,
forage, feed (for livestock): «Spede ztl me alik
da dewara u da re (Bw) Early in the morning we
fed the cattle and sent them on their way. {also:
[alika] (JJ-G)| {svn: alif) <Ar ‘allq jjp = 'fodder,
forage, provender'; Sor alik = 'fodder'
[Bw/IFb/JB 1-A/SK/OK//JJ-G]
alik II ciLJb (IFb/GF) = small bird. See alik.
alikar jb2Jb (Wlt/IFb) = helper. See arik’ar.
alik’ari (B/F) = help. See arik’ari.
alin (j-Jb vi. ([d]al-). 1) {syn: likTimin; teliisin) to
stumble, trip; to get caught, hooked, entangled (e.g.
one's foot): -p’e alin (K) to stumble, trip «[Ew
Ismail pir h Piefte sail bu icari pe li
secadeyeke dale u dikeve] (JR) This Ismail has
grown old, seventy years old, then his foot gets
caught (= he trips) on a carpet [in the mosque] and
he falls; 2) to confuse, mix up (IF); 3) to twist, twirl,
wind around (vi.) (B). {also: [aliian] ^LJ) (JJ)) Cf.
Sor: Suleimaniveh alan j'Vb (-ale-); Arbil aran jb
(-are-); [Pok. 3. al- 27] 'to wander/roam about
aimlessly; also, to be emotionally lost': M.
Schwartz: Gr alamo aAod’vco/alaomai aAaojxoa/
elasko f]AaaKco = 'I wander about 1 & aleter
otA'nxqpm. = 'name of dance in Ithaca & Sicyon' &
eleosr]Acflg = 'bewildered, dumbfounded' & aletes
ocArjTqg = 'vagabond, bum'; Lith aluot = 'to roam
about’ & Latv al’a = 'half-crazed person’. Also Ir
words for madness, e.g. Sgd ”r’k [are] = 'crazy,
mad'; Pahl halag = 'foolish, imprudent' (M3); P har
jLa & K har = 'wild, rabid’; Oss aerrae (Abaev). The
Kurdish verbs aim and alan din show different
4
variations of the essential notion of movement away
from a center or goal. [JR/JJ//K/IFb/B/GF/TF]
<alandin; [ra]§iqitin>
alinegir JB adj. neutral, non-aligned, non¬
partisan: wek mirovek* alinegir
dihate nasin (Wit 1:41, p.3) M.Sh. was known as
a [politically] neutral person. [(neol)Wlt/IFb/OK]
<aligir>
alinok Jjp~JB ni. (). chick-peas (garbanzo beans)
soaked in water, split in two , lightly roasted and
added to rice. [Bw/OK] <nok>
alisor jy*. JB (A/IF) = type of pear. See alisork.
alisork Jjj^JB f (-a; ). type of pear : one which has
one red side (autumn fruit) (Msr); a type of pear
which is red in some places (IF), [also: alisor (A/IF);
<alisor> j^xJT(HH)) < all = side’ + sor = 'red'
[Msr//A/IF//HH] cherme; liezirani; incas [1 ]; kargin;
kirosik>
alistin (-alls-) (M/HH) = to lick. See alastin.
aliyan ^UB = to stumble. See alin.
alkan ^ISJB (Rwn) = wave (of the sea). See elk’an.
Alkugta = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
almas ^LJB m./f(B) ( ; /-§). diamond (K/F/JJ):
-aqilt u almast (Z-2)/alqut u almaz (Z-
2)/alqut u almas (Z-2) rubies and diamonds.
{also: almast (Z-2/B); almaz (Z-2); [almas] (JJ);
[halmas] (RJ)) [Z- 2 /B//K/F/JJ//RJ] <vaqul>
almast c^LJl5 (Z-2/B) = diamond. See almas,
almaz jLJB (Z-2) = diamond. See almas,
alos ^JjJB (GF/GK) = upset; confused; entangled. See
aloz.
aloz j^JB adj. 1 ) troubled, upset, disturbed: •Helbet
kare sereki ye vi taburi belavkirina
gotgotkan u gekirina few§eka aloz e di nev
milleti de (BH, p.60) Surely the main job of this
[fifth] column is to spread rumors and to create a
troubled situation among people *Ve dawiye
rew§a Tirkiyeye aloz e (AW78A4) Lately
Turkey is in a troubled state [lit. Turkey’s condition
is disturbed']; 2 ) confused, muddled (SK/OK); 3)
entangled, complex, complicated, {also: alos (GF-
2 /OK- 2 ); [aloz bouin] (JJ) 1 <Syr V'-l-s =
'to press close: a) to press, urge, compel; b) to
Y
straiten, hem in'; Sor aloz j^JB = 'unnatural,
unpredictable, temperamental'
[Zeb/Dh/K/A/SK/GF/OK]
alozyan jBj^JB vi. (-alozye-). to get entangled
(strings, wires), {also: alizin (Bw); [alozin g^j^l/aloz
bouin jjJl] (JJ)) <Syr V'-l-s = 'to press
close: a) to press, urge, compel; b) to straiten, hem
in'; Sor aiozan j^JB/aloskan (jBLj^B
[Dh/Zeb//JJ//Bw]
alqut oydB (Z- 2 ) = ruby. See yaqut.
alqut 053 -ftJB (Z- 2 ) = ruby. See yaqfit.
alt 5 oJB/alt [EP- 8 ]: -alt 5 bun (K/B) to be beaten,
defeated; -alt 5 kirin (K) to beat, defeat, subdue
\svn: zora dijmin birin): *§ah Abas nikar bti
xan u kure wi alt bike (EP- 8 ) Shah Abbas
could not subdue the khan and his sons. < T alt =
underside, bottom’: cf. T alt etmek = 'to beat,
overwhelm' & alt olmak = 'to be beaten, be
overcome' [EP- 8 /K/B] <hirin [3]; ra>
*altax^UB m. (). informer, slanderer, stool-pigeon.
{syn: destkis; geveze; mixenet; nemam; qumsl;
xayin; xwefiro§) {altaxij Cf. T algak = 'low; base,
mean' [HB/A] <'ewan 1I>
*altaxi ^LJB f. (). slander, informing on,
denouncing, {syn: 'ewani; gevezti; qumsiti; §er II[2];
gilt’ax] [A] <altax>
alt 5 dar JjjJB m. (). victor, winner: «Xane
£ 5 engzerin bi k 5 ur§ xwera we altdar
derk 5 etana, weki xayint’iya Mehmdd§
Merekani ne bfiya (EP- 8 , #69) Khan Chengzerin
and [lit. ’with'[ his sons would have come out
victorious if not for the treachery of Mehmud
Merekani. | also: alt’indar (B); alt’ker (K) } {syn:
serdest) [EP- 8 //B//K] <alt’>
alt'indar jIjjjJB (B) = victor. See alt’dar.
alt’indari f. ( ;-ye). victory: *K 5 !jan §er§
wana bere xwe bidaye, bi altindari u
k 5 ubar vedigeriyan (Z-l) Whatever battle they
went to. they would return victory [lit. 'in victory']
and revered, [syn: serfirazi [ 1 ]} [Z-l/K/B] <alt 5 ;
alt’dar>
alt’ker jcBjJB (K) = victor. See alt 5 dar.
aliijJB (IF) = being on edge (of teeth) . See alu.
alu I j^JB (). setting on edge of one’s teeth as a result of
a tickling sensation or of rubbing them against metal
(IF) (T kama§mak): -alu bun (IF) to be set on edge
(of teeth) {syn: sekihin): *Diran£ min Half! bfine
(K) My teeth were set on edge; -diran Kilti kirin
(F) to set one’s teeth on edge: *Min dirane xwe
half! kirine (K) I set my teeth on edge {also: alu
5
A
(IF-2); fialu (K); fiilu II (F); hull I (B)) {syn: xidok (IF))
[IF//K//F//B] <diran; harsim; kuh; sekihin>
alu IL*JlS (K/JJ) = plum. See Kilu I.
aluce a^Jb (A) = plum. See aluge.
alftg*e A^Jb f. ( ;*e). 1) cherry-plum (kind of small
green plum, bot. Prunus divaricata): -dara aluga
(F) plum tree; 2) pear (HH). {also: aluce (A);
[e(h)luciak] (JJ-G); <aluge> (HH)) Cf. P aluce
= 'damson' (type of Asiatic plum) < alu^J] =
'plum'; Sor heluje [F/K/A/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
<dembul; herug [l]; tiilu I; incas [2]; §ilor>
alftm*e a-^b m. (*e; ). 1) { syn: pidi[l]) gums (Wn);
2 ) {syn: picli[2]) palate, roof of the mouth (IFb).
[Wn/IFb]
'amade ojLb adj. ready: -amade kirin (GF) to
prepare, make ready, [also: [amade] ojL! (JJ)) (syn:
*eywez (IF); l'iazir) Cf. P amade ojlh; Sor amade
*jLb [A/JB3/IFh/JJ/GF]
aman ^Lb m.(Bw/IFb/JBl-A)/£(K/JJ/OK) (-e/-a; ). 1)
vessel, container, pot: -amane ave (Bw) water
container; 2) [syn: firaq) [pi.] dishes, plates: # Here,
amana bine (Bw) Go bring some plates, {also:
eman (SK-2); [aman] qL) (JJ)) (syn: derdan II) <Arm
aman uiJ'uiL ; Sor aman jUJ = 'household utensils’
[Bw/A/IFb/JJ/JBl-A/SK/OK] <firaq>
ambar jL-«b (A/IFb) = storehouse. See 'embar.
amer _po>b (TF/Hej) = instrument. See amir,
amir _^b m.(Dh)/f(OK) ( /-a; ). instrument, tool,
implement: -gek u amiret le§kiri (Zeb) military
weapons and instruments, {also: amer (TF); amur, f.
(OK); amiiret (GF/RZ); <amir ^ob/amerycb>
(Hej)) {syn: alav II; p’ergal II[3]) cf. Sor amraz jl^-b
[Zeb/Dh/Hej//TF//OK//GF/RZ] <k’el u p’el>
amojin jjg^b f. (-a;-e). wife of paternal uncle, aunt.
{also: amojn (K/B); amo§ (Krg)) (syn: jinap; jinmam)
[Cf. Ar mart-‘amm ** o[1L-[1]; T yenge)
[A/Rh//K/B//Krg] <ap; mam; xalo§; xalti; met>
amojn jjg-.b (K/B) = aunt. See amojin.
amo§ jij-ob (Krg) = aunt. See amojin.
amur ^lj, I. (OK) = instrument. See amir,
amuret Oo b (GF/RZ) = instrument. See amir,
an <jb (Msr) = or. See yan I.
ana bb (MK2) = now. See niha.
anaka bbb = now. See niha.
ancax ^-l^b adv. only; hardly, scarcely, barely:
•Encax ez kari bim naneki bixwim (L) I
could scarcely eat one [piece/loaf] of bread;
-ancax-ancax = barely, hardly, scarcely: •Dewle
ze’f girane, ew ancax-ancax dik’i§Sne joi§
(Ba) The bucket is very heavy, he can barely pull it
up [out of tbe well], {also: encax (L); [anjay] (JJ))
{syn: hew; Rene [2]) <T ancak = ’only' [BX/B//L//JJ]
anemeti ^'^^b f ().l) entrusting [of an object to
someone] for safekeeping: «L§ anemeti webe
kale bav§ mino (EP-7) May my old father be
entrusted to you; 2 ) deposit, pledge, {also: [aneme]
(JJ); emanet (-a; ) (Z-3)) ?<Ar amanah *jLt~>T
emanet [EP-7/K//JJ//Z-3]
aneka l£jb = now. See niha.
••
ango jpjb It means, that is to say, in other words,
namely, i.e. {also: angot (GF- 2 ); anku (Bw)) (syn:
demek; ye’ni) [(neol)K/IF/GF]
angot ojfib (GF) = i.e. See ango.
aniha l^b = now. See niha.
anika bbb = now. See niha.
anin ^pb vt. ([t]in-; neg.subj. neyn-).l) {syn:
standin) to bring: -anin zman (IFb)/anin zim§n
(AW) to express: •Li aliye din gelek filistini
nerazibuna xwe li hemberi biryare tinin
zimen (AW71A3) On the other hand, many
Palestinians are expressing their dissatisfaction with
the decision; -bi dest ve inan (VoA)/dest[e
xweva] anin (K) to get, obtain, acquire, procure;
-ser anin = to do [stg.] to [s.o.], cause [stg.] to
befall [s.o.]: • Wana...ti§tek sere wi nan[i]ye
(Ba) They didn't do anything to him (cf. ser hatin);
2 ) to complete, accomplish, carry out (§erda=tasks):
•§erde go min je re gotiye nikare bine (L)
He can’t complete the task I told (=gave) him; 3)
{also: jin anin) to marry (said of the man) , cf. M§r
kirin (said of the woman) : «Diya min qebfil
nake go ez te binim (L) My mother won’t assent
to my marrying you; 4) (syn: welidandin) to bear,
bring forth (offspring) : *Se kara tine (J) She [=a
nanny goat] brings forth three kids (=baby goats).
{also: hanin (Ba3); inan (M/MK); inandin; [anin
G-Winan o'h.'I (JJ); <anin (jS\ (tine) (<u-j)> (HH);
inaindene (d’ineine) (BG) = apporter, faire venir;
Inan (RJ)) [Pok.l. nei- 760.] 'to lead’: Skt Vnl
[nayati]; Av & OP nay- = 'to lead, guide'; Mid P
nldan (nay-) = 'to lead' & anldan (anay-) = 'to bring,
lead' (M3); Sor henan ^LIa; Za ana [ardi§] (Todd)
[K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH//M/MK2/RJ//Ba3//BG] See also
inandin. <birin>
6
A
ani§ik (MK 2 ) = elbow. See ani§k.
ani§k JLLpl! f. (-a;-e). elbow: •Behrem Feris zade
x-Q xar u k’ete ser eni§ka xti (M-Am) Bahrain
Feris ate his food and leaned back on his elbow.
[also: ani§ik (MK 2 ); eni§k (JB3); eni§k (M-Am);
'eni§k (K/B); [enichk] JbyI (}J); [enishk] (RJ)}
probably <*arni§k: [Pok. 8 . el- 307.] 'elbow,
forearm’-> Proto-IE *Eel-n-: Skt aratni- m. -
'elbow'; Av araOni- attested as araOna m. (dual) =
’elbow 1 & fraraBni- = ’ell 1 ; OP arasiiniisanom [arasni-1
= ’ell’; Sgd ”r’ync [are/inc] = cubit’; Pahl aresn =
’cubit’; Ormuri & Parachi arun); Pamir dialects:
Sanglechi arm); Wakhi orln); Shughni
arenj/wistyern = ’elbow’ (Morg); Southern Tati
dialects (all /): Chali aresni; Takestani arsinia;
Ebrahim-abadi arsenia; Eshtehardi areskenji; Sagz-
abadi areskenjia = ’elbow 1 (Yar-Shater); P aranj
/aran jj) = ’elbow’ & arasjiJ = ’cubit; forearm’; Sor
JL^jlj/anisk Za arasna/arisna
• • »•
(Hadank); Hau erejno in. (M4); also T ar§m ='ell,
yard, cubit (60-70 c.)’ & Rus arsin apniHH =
’measure equal to 28 inches or 71 cm.’; Cf. Lat ulna
= ’forearm 1 ; Gr olene cbAcvri f. = ’elbow 1 ; Germanic
*alino in OEng eln = ’forearm, cuhit’.
[K/B//MK 2 //A/M-Am//JB 3/JJ/RJ]
anku(Bw) = i.e. See ango.
ant’extols (B) = dung thrown onto hot ashes to
preserve the fire. See ant’ex.
ant’ex f. (-a;-e). decomposing dung which is
thrown onto the hot ashes of a hearth fire in order
to save the fire for the next day : •Ewi le nhefi,
we birgiya bimre, ant’exa agir xwey kir, ji
xwera neg’Tr dikir (EH) He looked and saw that
she was dying of hunger, [so] he took care to
preserve the fire, and went out hunting, [also: ant’ex
(B-2)) Cf. T antik [Erzurum] = ’fire buried in ashes’
(DS, v. 1, p. 281) < Arm ant‘el uil.p’fcri = ’ash for
covering fire’ (Avak). For an example of the
practice of kindling a fire in this way, although not
specifically using this term, see: Mahmut Makal. A
Village in Anatolia [translation of Bizini Kov]
(London : Vallentine, Mitchell, 1954), p. 13, under
Matches. [EH/B] <agir; helemor; k’erme; qelax;
tepik; xweli>
ap yb m. (-§ ; ep [BK]/ape [B], v! api). paternal
uncle, father’s brother, {also: [ap] yU (JJ); <ap> y)e
w *
(HH)) ( syn: mam| [cf. Ar ‘amm P amu ^, T
amca] [K/A/JB3/IF/BK/HH/B/Rh/MK2//JJ]
<amojin/jinap; met; pismam; qizap; xal>
apik JLlS (). riddle. (syn:mamik (K/JB3); met’el;
tederxistinok) [Bg]
aqil I 0 li'b/ c aqil 0 iiU [SK- 2 ] adj. smart, intelligent:
•Osibe min kureki aqile (Ba) My Joseph is a
smart hoy; -aqiltir = smarter, more intelligent.
[also: [akel] Jj'U (JJ); [akell] (BG); [‘aqil] (RJ)] (syn;
aqiljir; aqilmend; aqiltij (Bw); bi zihn (Bw); bi fern;
jir; serwext; zix I) < Ar ‘aqil Jj'L (aqili (K/A))
[Ba/K/A/JB3/B/SK/RJ//JJ/BG]
aqil II Jj'ls in. (-e; eqil). intelligence, cleverness,
sense, wisdom,"brains"; sense, reason (JB3); “...a
complex concept, fundamental in most Muslim
cultures, from Morocco to Afghanistan, that can be
glossed as reason or social sense... the social sense
and self-control of honorable persons" (from: Lila
Abu-Lughod. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry
in a Bedouin Society (Berkeley et al. : University of
California Press, C1986), pp. 90, 108]: •Aqile
xwe ji duwe Tep hilina (Dz) She got her
"brains" from the protruding tail [folk saying, cf.
"the lion’s share"] •"Rovi, te ev aqil ji k’u
girtye?" (Dz) "Fox, where did you get your
sense/brains from?"; -aqile fk-e [na]bir!n [+ ji]
(mostly neg.) : = a) [not] to understand,
comprehend: b) [not] to want, choose, be interested
in; [not] to like, care for: • [Meme went to try out his
father’s 40 horses. He put his hand on the back of
each horse, and each horse’s back broke] Mem§
aqile wi t’u bora nebir! (EP) M. wasn't
’’excited" about any of the horses; -a qile fk-d
[nalgirtin [+ ji] (mostly neg.) (HR-I) [not] to like,
care for: •Dih ji vi wexti dido weke te hatin,
go: 'eqle mi ji wa her duwa negirt (HR-I,
3:31) Yesterday at about this time two [fellows] like
you came, but I didn’t like them, [also: aql (SK- 2 );
eqil (JB3); ’eql (SK); [aqil] (JJ); <’eql> Jji* (HH);
[akell] (BG); [‘aql] (RJ)] [srn; lii§; sewda I] <Ar ‘aql
[K/A/B/JJ/MK2//JB3//HH/SK/HR-I//BG//RJ]
aqilbend jjyJib (B) = clever. See aqilmend.
aqili f. ( ;-ye). smartness, intelligence, [also:
aqilti (B- 2 )| [K/A/B!
aqiljir adj. clever, smart (EP-7): •Qeretajdin§
aqiljir (EP-7) Clever Qeretajdin. {syn: aqil I;
aqilmend; aqiltij (Bw); bi fern; bi zihn; jir; zix 1}
[EP-7]
7
A
aqilkurin 15 adj. crazy, mad, insane: •Meme
mini devdini aqilkurine (EP) My crazy, mad
Meme. [syn: devdin; din; §et) [EP-7]
aqilmend jj<wbb adj. 1 ) ( syn: aqii I; aqiljir; aqiltij
(Bw); bi fern; bi zihn; jir;‘zix I] clever, smart,
intelligent; wise; 2) sensible; 3) [m.] smart person,
wiseman. [also: aqilbend (EP-7/B); aqlmend (SK);
<'eqilmend> (HH)! [EP-7/B//K/A//HH]
aqilsivik JjlJj b adj. weak-witted, feeble-minded,
imbecile, foolish: »Merye aqilsivik t’ucara le
meke rik 5 (Dz-#1083) Never make a foolish man
angry [prv.j. { also: [aqil siwik] Jjj* (}])1 {syn:
beaqil; sefihi <aqil II + sivik = 'light(weight)’
[Dz/F/K/A/IF/B/JJ] <aqii II>
aqilti j*b (B) = intelligence. See aqilt.
#■
aqiltij adj. smart, clever, sharp, [syn: aqil I;
aqiljir; aqilmend; bi fern; bi zihn (Bw); jir; zix I)
<aqil II + tij [—tiij] - 'sharp 1 [Bw]
aqit ojL 6 m. (-e; ). grape molasses, thick syrup made
from boiled grape juice [T pekmez]. {also: <aqid>
aj>1(HH)) [syn: dims; do§av; mot) T akit [Malatya;
Urfa; *Kilis, *Nizip -Gaziantep; *Af§in, *Elbistan -
Mara§; Hisarcik *Yayladagi -Hatay] = grape
molasses or sugar made into candy through boiling’
(DS, v.l, p. 150, 153) & akide - 'sugar candy’ <Ar
‘aqld = ’thick (of grape molasses)' < ‘aqada
= ’to thicken, congeal (liquid)’ [Mzg/IF/Krg//HH]
aql Jsib (SK) = intelligence, sense. See aqil II.
aqlmend jJ<wbb (SK) = clever, smart. See aqilmend.
Aqft ^b m. nickname for Jacob (Yaqub): -Aqu
p’exember (Ba) Jacob the Prophet [Ba]
aqut (Z- 2 /K) = ruby. See yaqut.
ar I jb m. (K/Kg)/f (-6 [Kg]/ ; er [BK/K]/). 1 ) (syn:
alav I; p’et) fire (Ur/K/A/IF); 2 ) ash(es). {also: agir;
[aghir/l /arj] (JJ)) <0 Ir *a0r- (A&L p .86 [VI,4] +
note 14 [p. 101]): Pashto or; Baluchi as; Sor agir
^$t5/ar jb/awir jjb; Za adir m. (Todd). A&L reject
Tsabolov’s etymology <*atar- (Tsb 2 p.9)
[Ur/Kg/K/A/IF/BK/JJ] See also agir.
ariljb (K/A/SK/MK 2 ) = flour. See ard.
aram ^jb 1\ (). rest, quiet, calm. Cf. P aram J\
[HB/K/A/JB3]
aran q )jb f. ( ;-e). geographic term denoting various
types of land forms : 1 ) desert, wilderness (GF);
place with a hot, dry climate (B/JB 2 ): *Yere wi
gundi aran b\i, zivistana wi gundi qe
t’unebft, her carna berf dik’et ew ji zfl
diheliya (JB 2 -§amilov) That village was situated in
a warm plain, it had no winter at all, [and] every
time snow fell it quickly melted; 2 ) valley (EP-5):
• Leyle dige g’ie, Mecrum dimine arane (EP-
5, # 22 ) Leyla goes to the mountain, Mejrum
remains in the valley [or, desert?]; 3) meadow;
pasture (K). [EP-5/K/B/GF] <gol; geli II; merg;
newal>
arav *J 1 jb f. (). soapy or sudsy water, j also: erav
(Haz); [araw] JljT (JJ) 1 Sor arawjljb
[Haz//K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK/RF] <av>
arbe§k d^dojb m. (). flint stone: -kevir§
arbe§k/bere arbe§k (Qzl) do. [syn: berheste;
heste) [Qzl/Kmc-#1133j
ard jjb m. (-e ; erd, vi ardi). flour, [also: ar II
(K/A/SK/MK 2 ); <ar> J\ (FIH); [ar] (RJ) = flour (in
cooking)) [syn: arvan 1 2 ]) <0 Ir *arta- (A&L p.84
[IV, 2 ]): P ard jjl; Sor ard jjb; Za ardi pi - ’flour’ &
arri§ m. = ’flour (supply)’ (Todd); Hau hardi f (M4)
[Kg/JB3//K/A/HH/RJ/MK2] <arvan>
ardu jyjjls m. (-ye; ). fuel: *Ji bo ardHye
zivistane, yen ku li gole serginan berhev
dikin u tinin male, yen ku li ser sergoy§n
gund tar \i tepikan gedikin, yen ku li giyan
hejik u ezingan derdixin u diki§inin malen
xwe (Ardu, p.72) For winter fuel, there are those
who gather clung in the wilderness and bring it
home, those who make dung patties at the village
dung heaps, those who extract firewood from the
mountains and haul it home, [also: [ardou] 3 j j\ (JJ);
<ardu> 3 jjb (Hej)} <ar I/agir = ’fire' + du IV =
'smoke': Sor awird-u^j^b (Hej) = sutemeni
[Ardu/K/A/lFb/B/JJ/GF]
• •
arezojjojb (SK) = desire. See arzu.
arezuj^jojb (GF) = desire. See arzil.
argu§k JjijfjlS (TF) = chin. See argil§k.
argu§ (Epl) = chin. See argu§k.
argu§k Jjyjfjlj f. (-a; ). 1 ) [syn: geng II; erzen) chin:
•Wan desten xwe li hev siwar dike, dide
bine argu§a xwe, hineki difikire (Epl, 13) He
brings those hands of his together, puts them under
his chin, and thinks a little; 2 ) [syn: behivok; gelale)
tonsils (IFb/GF). [also: argu§k (TF); argu§ (Epl))
[Epl//IFb/GF/RZ//TF]
ari ^jb: -ari kirin (Msr/JJ/TF/OK/Rnh 2:17, p.307) = to
help. See arik’ari.
8
A
B 111 . (). 1) helper, aide, assistant: -alikar
bfin [+ji.. .re] (Wit) to be of help, be of assistance:
•Hiln dikarin ji wan re bibin alikar? (Wit
1:49, p. 16) Can you be of any help to them?; 2 )
[adj.] auxiliary, helping (IF/JB3): -lekera arikar
(IF) auxiliary verb, [also: alikar (Wlt/IFb- 2 ); [ari-
kar] (JJ)) Cf. P yarigar^l
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/0K//Wlt]
arlk’ari f. (-ya;-ye). help, assistance: -ank’
• •
ari kirin = to help | also: all kirin (Msr/MK 2 ); ari
kirin (Msr-2/TF/0K/Rnh 2:17. p.307)f: *Em
arik’ariya wan dikin = We help them, {also:
alik’arf (B/F); harik’ari (JBl-A): yali (Ag): [ari^l/
ali^l/ari-kari ^15^,1] (JJ); [harl kirin] (RJ) = [to]
help] Cf. F yarlgarl = Sor yarmeti jB
]BX/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/GF/TF/OK//B/F//JB'l-A//Ag//RJ]
c ariz»e L (•a;*e). petition, application: -‘arize
dan [bo] (BwJ/’erze dayin (B/K) to apply [for];
-'erza nefazitiye dayin (B) to lodge a complaint;
to appeal (a decision j; -'erza §ikyat (B) complaint;
appeal, [also: ’erze (K/B); [arize] (JJ)) <Ar
‘arldah = 'application, petition' [Bw/JJ//K/B]
Arku§ta Li^B = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
armanc L (-a;-e). t) [syn: mebest; meqsed;
merem [ 1 ]; net [4]) goal, purpose, aim: •Dijmin
ev §exsiyeta li gora armanca xwe gekiribu
(Berxwedan, 10:141, p. 24) The enemy created this
character for [=to serve, lit. 'according to'] its own
purposes; 2 ) target; 3) aim (in shooting): •[Dumo
§e§xaneye digrite armance u bi kefa xo
digeqine] (JR #27, p.80) Dumo takes aim with his
revolver and pulls the trigger at his leisure, [also:
armang; emang (A-2); [armadj armandj ^>Ljl]
(JJ); <amanc^U/'emanc > (HH)) Cf. P amaj
= 'target'; T amag; Sor amanc ^LB
1K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/SK//HH]
armang ^LjB = goal. See armanc.
armi§ JL^jB, f. (SK) = silk. See hevirmi§.
armu§ ^j^jB = silk. See hevirmi§.
aro jjb (AA/AD) = cucumber. See aru.
arte§ j^ojB f. (-a;-§). army. \syn: esker [2]; le§ker;
ordi) < P artes J [(neol)Wlt/TF]
aru in. (). cucumber, [also: aro (AA/AD)) [syn:
xiyar) Sor aru ^jB [Bar/A/IFb/GF//AA/AD]
<qitik>
arung Jj^jB (Kmc- 2 ) = apricot. See herug [ 2 ].
arvan qBjB ni. (-§; ). 1) flour bin (K/A); 2) [syn: ard]
flour (JJ/HH/MK 2 ): *T 5 elisek arvan li ser pi§ta
wiye (Z- 2 ) There is a sack of flour on his back; 3)
year’s supply of flour or grain (B). [also: [ervan]
(JJ); <arvan> J (HH); [avran] (RJ) = flour
(large quantity)) Za ardi pi. = 'flour' & arri§ m. =
'flour (supply)’ (Todd) [Z-2/K/A/B/JJ/HH/MK2]
<ard>
arxafk JilijB (CB) = snack made of flour and water.
See arxavk.
arxavik Jj'U.jB (CB) = snack made of flour and water.
See arxavk.
arxavk Jj'LijB f. (-a;-e). type of snack made of fried
flour and water, served with tea: -arxavka ruhnl
(CB) snack made of flour mixed into butter or oil,
then salted [T yagli miyane/ig]. [also: arxafk (CB-2);
arxavik (CB); axavk (Hk)| For recipe, see CB, p. 93
[Hk//IFb/GF/OK//CB] cmirt’oxe; xebus>
arzi ^jjB (MK 2 ) = desire, choice. See arzu.
arziijjjB (A) = desire. See arzu.
arzu^jjB f.(K/MK2)/m.(F) (-ya/ ; ). strong desire,
wish; choice (MK2): -arzu kirin (K/IF/MK2) to
desire, wish: «Ez arzu dikim ku sibe hawa
xo§be (MK 2 ) 1 want the weather to be nice
tomorrow, [also: arezo (SK); arezii (GF); arzi (MK2);
arzu (A); azuru (K2-Ferik)l <P arezu^jj) —> T arzu;
Sor arezu jjjojB/ezro[K 2 -Ferik//F/K/IFb//
MK 2 //A//SK//GF] <l'iewas: merem; miraz>
asan jLB adj. easy, simple, [also: hesan I (A-2); hesa
[2] (F/K/B/1F); hesan (IFb-2/GF/TF/OK-2); hesani I
(JB3); liesand (K- 2 ); senayi; [asan] jLl (JJ); <hesani>
(HH)) [syn: bi sanahi (Bw); sivik) Cf. P asan
jLI; Sor asan jLB; cf. also NENA has&na-i/s&na!
(Maclean) & liasand (Garbell) (asani; hesani; sanahi;
sanayi; [sanaie] *jBL (JJ))
[HB/K/A/IFb/JJ/OK//F//GF/TF//JB3/HH] See also
hesa.
asani ^jLB f. (). ease, simplicity, [also: hesani II (IFb-
2/GF-2/TF/OK-2); sanahi (Bw); sanayi (OK); [sandie]
*\jBL (JJ) 1 Sor asani ^LB
[ A/IFb/GF/OK//TF f/B w//OK//JJ]
ase ^B adj. l) caught, stuck (e.g., in the mud j; tightly
• •
squeezed, pressed: *Em li we dirk’e mayne
‘asd: befr gelek hebti, em mayn di befrfi ra f
em hemi qeremt’in (M, #713, p.330) We got
into difficulties (i.e., stuck) there: there was a lot of
snow and we were stranded in the snow and we
9
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were all frozen »Gule heta wida hase buye (B)
The bullet got stuck [or, was lodged] in his thigh; 2)
inaccessible, difficult of access (lit. & fig.) (JJ); well-
fortified, impregnable; impassable: •Beri spede
'eskere Fazil Pa§a gehe§te sere dola pi§ta
Bab Seyfa. Qu r£k[et] di nebun ji lae
Barzane bo Bab Shyfa ji xeyri we dole.
Mulazime topan got, "Ew dole bo topan
ase ye..." (SK 48:487) Before dawn Fazil Pasha's
troops reached the head of the combe behind Bab
Saifan. There was no other road to Bab Saifan from
the Barzan side except by this combe. The
lieutenant (in charge) of the guns said, "This combe
is impassable for the guns" *[Sekaeta §ereki u
gurgeki i1 riwieki] Dibejin careki her se
bfine hewalet yek, gune giyayeki ase, di
§kewtekida cie xo girtin [sic] (SK6:61) [Story
of a lion, a wolf, and a fox] They say that all three
once became companions. They went to an
inaccessible mountain and settled down in a cave
•Le§kire Cindi Axa li rasti bu u Oso u
kuran li sitaran ... Cie Ose u kuran ase bu,
le§kir ne§ya hucftm kete wan fietta mexrib
tari bfi (SK 40:368) Jindi Agha’s army was in the
open and Oso and his sons were behind cover ...
The place of Oso and his sons was inaccessible. The
army could not attack them until the evening
became dark *Mustefa Beg mala Ose hinare
qesra gunde Kepenkiyan nik Qubad Axae
Zerzan, li we dere damezirand, gufiku Ose
xudan-dujmin bu u qesra Kepenkiyan ji
as§ bft (SK 40:372) Mustafa Beg sent Oso’s family
to the fort in the village of Kapankian, to Qubad
Agha of the Zarzan, and settled it there as Oso had
enemies and the fort of Kapankian was
impregnable; -as&/hase (K) kirin : a) to chase
into a cul-de-sac, chase, be at s.ods heels; b) to
squeeze, press up against; c) to make inaccessible or
impregnable, to fortify (K/IFb): -mala cihu hase
kirin (XF): a) to overpower, to compel s.o. to
submit, to make s.o. knuckle under, to show s.o,
who's boss: »Min tu mala cihfid hase kiri (Z-
l) I have made you knuckle under; I’ve shown you
who's boss [lit. 'I have chased you into the house of
the Jews’]; b) to non-plus s.o., put s.o. in a difficult
situation, pressure s.o. into saying/doing stg.; 3)
difficult: •Nihayet Kukomet d§ wi fiebs ket,
pa§t muddeteki gelek pare de ji wt wergirit
u wi berdet. Hingi Suto de xurttir bit fi
§ola me de asetir bit (SK 61:752) At most,
Government will imprison him and after a time will
take a deal of money from him and release him,
when he will become still stronger and our affairs
yet more deranged; 4) rebellious (IFb/JJ/B). [also:
hase (Z-l/K-2/B); asi (B-2); [asi] (JJ); <ase> ^I
(HH)) <Ar ‘asi basin = 'rebellious' < V^-s-y
= ’to rebel, revolt' [Z-i/B//K/A/JB3/lFb/SK/CF//j)|
<begav; tengav>
asegeh aaSLU f. (-a; ). stronghold, fortress, well-
fortified area: *Di hindure Asegeha Ewripaye
de §erine zor u xwindar destpe kirine [sic]
(RN 1:19, p.l) Within the stronghold of Europe
fierce and bloody battles have begun *Wer xuya
dikir ko evan asegeha xwe li ser giyayen
Kiswe gekiri bu (H2 9:31, p.775) It seemed that
they had made their stronghold in the Kiswali
Mountains. < ase + geh [RN/H2/K/A/IFb/GF]
<kela>
asen QL.U (JBl-A) = iron. See hesin.
asik JuAS (A/IF/GF) = deer. See ask.
asin (A/SK/Bw) = iron. See hesin.
asinger (SK) = blacksmith. See hesinger.
asi (B) = rebellious. See ase.
asiman (jL^.L c (IF) = sky. See 'ezman I.
asrmilasyon f. ( ;-e). assimilation. ( syn:
pi§aftin [2]} [(neol)Ber/Wlt]
asimilekiri adj. assimilated: # Ez tegiham
ku ez kurdeki asxmile kiri me (Ber) I realized
that I was an assimilated Kurd. [Ber]
ask Ju,L c f./m.(OK) (). gazelle, deer: -negira aska (A)
gazelle hunting, {also: asik (A/IF-2/GF); [ask] «JlJ
(JJ)} [syn: gak’uvi; mambiz; xezal 1} [Pok oku-s 775.]
'swift': Skt asu- = 'swift’; Av asu- = 'swift'; specifically
gazelle [ask]: O Ir *asuka- = 'rapid, swift' (A&L p.
90 [XIII, 2]): Sgd {£ s(‘)wk [asuk]; Khotanese aska;
Mid P ahuk; P ahuSor ask JLb; also borrowed
into NENA as azikta in Jewish NENA Bible
translation ofNerwa (Sabar) [K/JB3/IFb/OK//A/GF]
<gak’uvi; mambiz; pezk’uvi; §ivir; xezal I>
asman jL-U (SK) = sky. See 'ezman I.
aso pAj f (). horizon.- [also: asu (GF-2)} Sor aso>~l5 =
'horizon, sky-line' [Bw/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
aspej (EP-7) = cook. See a§pej.
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asteng Jj*^b/asteng Jj^kJb f. {-a; ). obstacle,
hindrance, stumbling block; difficulty.
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF] <§erpeze>
asu (GF) = horizon. See aso.
a§ I (Ji LS in. f-e; e§, vi a§i). mill: »Dixwe dixwe,
t§r naxwe [A§] [Ad) It eats and eats and is never
full [Riddle; Answer: A mill] # Ez ji e§ tem (BX)
I'm coming from the mill # Ez ji vi a§! tem (BX)
I'm coming from this mill •Hemi rek digine a§i
(Zeb) All roads lead to Rome [lit. do the mill']; -a§e
zeferane ser sere fk-e gerandin (XF): a) to
make a scene, cause a scandal: *Eme berage a§e
ze’frane ser sere te bigerinin (FK-eb- 2 ) We
will cause a scandal [lit. 'We will overturn the
millstone of the mill of victories on your head’]; b)
to impose a penalty on, settle accounts with; c) to
start a war, cause a massacre, [also: [ach] jd (JJ);
<a§> jd (HH); [ache] (BG); [asha] (RJ)| Cf. P asiya[b]
[ V ]LJ; Sor a§ j;b = 'mill' & asvaw^LJS = ’water¬
mill'; Za ayre m. (Todd/Mal) & aris (Lx); Hau asaw
in. (M4) [K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/JB1-A/GF/TF/OK/BG//
RJ/MK2] <destaf; girik II; kera§>
a§ II jib m.(OK)/f.(K) (). food (A/IFb); food (cooked
and uncooked) (MK 2 ); cooked food (OK); soup,
broth, porridge (K/JJ). { also: [ach] j;) (JJ)! cf. P as jd
= 'soup, porridge'; Sor a$ jib = ’cooked food’
[MK 2 /K/A/IFb/JJ/OK] <xwarin>
agera 1j<u;b (MK2) = obvious. See a§kere.
a§ewan jb^b (SK) = miller. See a§van.
a§ef oalill f (). 1) I syn: ade II weed; 2) weeding,
pulling up weeds: -a§ef kirin (IFb/JJ/GF/OK) to
weed, pull out weeds: *Ku bu bihar, dest bi
a§ef d ri§iya dikin (HR-I, 1:42) When spring
comes, they start weeding and stacking hay. | also:
a§ev (A/GF); ’e§ef (RF); [achiw] JlJ:) (JJ)) Cf. Ar ‘usb
(clq Iraqi ‘isib) = ’grass, pasture'; Arc ‘asav
ntZ7X?/‘isba KHtZ7D = 'herb, plant, grass’ IHR-I/K/
IFb/OK//A/GF//JJ//RF] <ade I; xepar>
a§ev (A/GF) = weed(ing). See a§ef.
a§ikar jblib (JB3/IF) = obvious. See agkere.
a§iq jib/ ‘a§iq jiU m. (). l) [syn: dildar; dilk’eti;
evindar) someone in love, lover; 2) {syn: dengbej)
singer; bard, minstrel, troubador, traditional epic
reciter (K); 3) {syn:bo§e (K/F); dome (Wn); lull (F);
mirt’ib (K/IF/JJ); qeregi (IF/A)| gypsy (IF), {also:
<a§iq> ji) (HH)I < Ar ‘asiq jiU —> T a§ik [Z-
1/K/JB3/IF/ B/JB1-A&S/JJ/HH] <evin; Hub; kilam;
mirt’ib; stiran I>
a§it o-ib (OK) = avalanche. See a§it.
a§iti ( jJ :b (IFb) = peace. See a§ti.
a§itixwaz (IFb) = peace loving. See a§tixwaz.
a$ikar jblib (A/K) = obvious. See a§kere.
a§irk b (Bw) = goatskin sack. See 'eyargirk.
a§it o^ib f. (-a; ). avalanche; landslide, {also: a§it
(OK); a§ut (OK-2); a§ute (GF); [achit (JJ) }/ashut-a
bafre (PS) {sra.Teni; §ape I) [K/IFb/JJ//OK//GF]
<berf; xi§iIok>
a§iti j^-ib (K/TF) = peace. See a§ti.
• •
a§ilixaz jl^cc^b (OK) = peace loving. See a§tixwaz.
a§itixwaz (TF) = peace loving. See agtixwaz.
a§kara IjlSlib (B) = obvious. See a§kere.
a$kela (EP-4/EP-7) = obvious. See agkere.
a§kele J^&b = obvious. See agkere.
a§kere ojc^b adj. clear, obvious, patent; open, not
secret, {also: [bi] a$era (MK 2 ); a§ikar (JB3/IF); a§ikar
(A-2/K-2); a§kara (B); a§kela (EP-4/EP-7); a§kele;
e§kere (K-2/A-2/JB3-2); [achikar jlS2d / achikara
)jl£d] (JJ); <e§kere> oJl\ (HH); [ishkera] (RJ)} \syn :
diyar; k’if§; xane; xuya) Cf. P asikar Sor
a§kira )^Slb [K/A//IF/JB3/JJ//B//HH//EP-4/EP-7// ‘
RJ//MK 2 ]
a$pez j^b (K/F) = cook. See a§pej.
a§pej jk-ib m. (). cook, chef (K/A/IF/F). I also: aspej
(EP-7); a$pez (K/F); [azpesh] j^ojT (JJ-Rh)j < a§ =
‘stew’ + pej- = 'to cook’: cf. P aspazjjd; Sor a§pez
j^b [EP-7// A/IF/B//K/F//JJ-Rh] <patin>
a§t oi:b adj. reconciled, at peace, on good terms: -a§t
bun/xwe a§t kirin (Bw) to be reconciled [with],
make up (after being on bad terms): # Wi xo a§t
kir (Bw) He made up with me [= Wi ez axiftim];
-a§t kirin (K)/a§ ~(JJ/HH): a) to reconcile, make
peace [with], bring [two warring parties] together
\syn: fesil kirin; li hev anin): b) to calm, soothe:
• Erke ku ew Memo a§t neke, k’esek ji me
nikare wi qayil bike (Z-3) If she can’t calm
Memo down, none of us will be able to make him
agree, {also: [ach kirin] j j J' jil (JJ); <a§kirin
(a§dike) (*HH(| Cf. P aSti j S) = 'peace 1 ; Sor
a§t o*-:b = ’reconciled' [Z-3/K//JJ/HH]
a§ti jub f. (-ya;-y£). peace: # Divd em bi
awayeki wisa bixebitin da ku gel§ Kurd
bikaribe li wan welaten ku te de diji, di
a§tiye de gand tl ziman§ xwe bipar§ze H
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wan pe§ ve bibe (Wit 1:37, p.16) We must
struggle so that in the countries where the Kurdish
people lives, it may peacefully protect its culture
and language, and advance them.*fa/so: a$iti (IFb);
a§iti (K/TF)) Cf. Av axsti- = ’peace'; Pahl astlh; P astl
( jll T = ’peace’ (Horn #31); Sor a§ti =
'reconciliation, peace’ [Wlt/A/GF//iFb//K/TF] <§er
I>
a§tixaz (OK) = peace loving. See a§tixwaz.
a§tixwaz adj. peace loving: •Cendi
dewleta Tirk zilm u zora xwe berdewam
bike li hemberi milet§ Kurd § a§tixwaz (Wit
2:59, p.7) No matter how long the Turkish state
continues its'oppression of the peace-loving Kurdish
nation... {also: a§itixwaz (IFb): a§itixaz (OK- 2 );
a§itixwaz (TF); a§tixaz (OK)) Sor a§tixuwaz
[Wlt/GF//IFb//TF//OK] <a§ti>
a§ut b (OK) = avalanche. See a§it.
a§ute (GF) = avalanche. See a§it.
a§uvan (Z-2) = miller. See a§van.
a§van jUib m. ( ; a§ven/a§vin [J]). miller, {also:
a§ewan (SK); a§uvan (Z- 2 ); [achvan] (JJ);
<a§van> jUJ (HH); [ashvan] (RJ)} Cf. P asiyaban
jLLJ; Sor a§ewan b; Za arewari[c]i
(Lx)/arwangi (Mai); Hau asawan m. (M4)
[K/A/B/HH/RJ/MK 2 //JJ] <a§ I>
a§xane f (). 1 ) kitchen (K/F); 2) |syn;
xwaringeh [ 2 ]; xwarinxane) restaurant (IF/MK 2 ); 3)
[syrnherem [ 2 ]; xwaringeh [ 1 ]) dining room (K).
{also: [ach-khane] (JJ)} < P as = 'stew' +
xane = ’house’ [K/IF/Ba2/F/JJ/MK2] <xwarin>
atun c j a5 jb (A/IFb/GF/HH) = limekiln. See hetun.
afil Jjyb f. (-a; ). aul, mountain settlement in the
Caucasus (as a village): *Cem me aul t’unene,
1§ gund hene (K 2 -Ferik) We have no aids, but we
have villages. <according to Webster’s Dictionary,
through Russian from Kazan Tatar & Kirghiz [K2-
Ferik] <gund>
av Jb f. (-a;~e). 1 ) water: -Hergiqas av ji bo
hemu jindaran gavkaniyeke bingehin be ji,
iro di dest§ miroven “hemdem” de wek
pergaleke ji hol§ rakirina berhem^n diroke
bi kar anin (Wit 1 : 21 , p.16) Although water is
a basic resource for all living things, today it is
being used by 'modern 5 man as an instrument for
destroying historical artifacts *Tu bi ave dizani?
(Qzl) Do you know how to swim?; -av dan = to
water, irrigate (animals; fields) : *We bistanS xwe
av da = You have watered your garden »Ku deva
avdin (Ba) In order to water the camels »Bir ser
kanye avde (Dz) He took [them] to a spring to
water [them]; -ava bin kae (XF/Dz) insidious,
crafty, sly, cunning; untrustworthy, unreliable [lit.
'the water under the straw 5 ]; -ava gem (BK) brook
water, stream water; -ava dev (F/JJ) saliva, spittle
{also: avdev, f. (K/IF); ]aw-a dew(i) Jj Id /aw-dew
Jj JI] (JJ)} \syn: girez; t’if; t’uk II); -ava jine (AB)
the water of life; -ava re§ (Hirgo/JJ) coffee; -ava
tiri (Bw) grape juice; -ava zelal (AB/BK) pure,
limpid water; 2 ) {syn: g’em; ro II; rubar; §et) stream,
river: •Digih§n ber aveke (L) They reach a
stream; 3) juice: -ava p’irteqala = orange juice; -
ava seva = apple juice; -ava tiri = grape juice.
1 also: [aw] <j\ (JJ); <av> Jl (HH); [av/aw] (BG); [av]
(RJ)} [Pok. 2 . ap- 51.] ’water, river 1 —>*Aop: Skt ap-
[apah/pi. ]; Av ap- [afs (pi. apo) f ]; Southern Tati
dialects (all f. ): Chali ava; Takestani [vu(y)a];
Eshtehardi awa; Xiaraji awa; Sag-abadi owa (Yar-
Shater); P ab J; Sor aw J; Za aw /. (Todd); Hau
awi f. (M4); K av —> T av [Diyadin, Agri;
Diyarbakir] & ov [Babik-Pdtiirge, Malatya] = ’water’
(DS, v, 1, p. 3 74; v. 9, p. 3299) Cf. Lith upe/Latv
upe = ’water’; Lat amnis <*abnis = ’river’; Old Irish
abann = ’river’; Welsh afon = ’river’
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/BG/RJ/MK2] <avi I; k’unk>
ava ISIS adj. 1) Lyin' §en| built, built up; prosperous,
thriving, flourishing ]cf. Ar ‘amar jL]: -ava bun =
to be built, constructed: •Isal di gunde me da
ava buye dibistan (AB) This year a school has
been built in our village; -ava kirin (BG/RJ/MK 2 )
to build, construct; 2 ) set, setting (of the sun): -ava
ghn = to set (sun) : •Roj gft [ser] ava (K/AB) The
sun set; 3) pregnant (of mares) (Bw): •Mahina me
ya ava ye (Bw) Our mare is pregnant, {also: <ava>
til (HH); [ava(kerene)] (BG); [ava kirin] (RJ)) Cf. O P
*apata-; Pahl apat & Pazand awad; P abad jU (Horn
#4); Sor awa [K/A/JB3/B/HH/BG/RJ/MK2] <[2]
rojava; [3] avis>
avahi ^yfctiti, f. (A/JB3) = building. See avayt.
ava Te§ Jio .jtiti/. (). 1 ) glaucoma; 2 ) coffee. See under
av. Cf. Sor awi re§ da hatin gplaL = ’to go
blind' [Zeb/A/IFb/GF/OK]
ava sipi (GF) = cataracts. See ava spi.
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ava spi f. (). (eye) cataracts; leucoma/leukoma.
i also: ava sip! (GF)) Cf. Sor aw! sip! =
'glaucoma' [Zeb/lFb/OK//GF]
avay! ^U’B m. (). structure, building, house, laiso:
avahi, f. (A/JB3); [awahi /awai^U'l ] (JJ) 1 [Z-
922/K/B//A/JB3/JJ] <mal; xan!>
avdestxan*e jiB /. (*a;*e). toilet, water
closet, lavatory, {also: abdestxane (SK); 'evdesxane
(Ur)) {syn: avfej I; golik III (Msr); da§ir (Dy);
destavxane; edebxane [l]; qedemge (Czr)) < P
abdastxane [Ur//A/IF/B//SK] See also
destavxane.
avdev Jojils, f. (K/IF/JJ) = saliva. See ava dev under
av.
avetin ^^'B vt. ((d]avej-/[d]ave-). 1 ) to throw, cast,
hurl, toss: «Daveje bire (Ba) He throws [it] into
the well; -avetin pi§t guh (GF) to neglect, ignore;
-dest avetin[e)/havetin (JBl-A/Bw) [+ dat.
constr.] = a) to touch: *Q!zke deste xwe avete
Mhemmed Xan (L) The girl touched [lit. 'threw
her hand on 1 ] M. Kh.; b) to begin, start (vt.) |srn:
dest pe kirin): »Em dest bihavejine? [pavejine]
(Bw) Shall we get started?; -xwe avetin: a) to
jump, pounce {syn: fahi§tin): *Lawik xwe avete
ser den (L) The boy jumped (lit. "threw himself’)
into the cauldron *Wane xwe avitne ser me
(Ba) They pounced on us; b) to pretend to be [+
adj.]: »Beje Memo, bira xwe nexwe§ baveje,
nege neg’ire (Z-l) Tell M. to malinger, pretend to
be sick, not to go hunting; -xwe avetin bexte
yeki (IFb)/xwe avitin ber bexte fk-e (XF) to
beg, beseech, implore, throw o.s. at s.o.’s feet:
•Min 1 ku nehiri nabe, ve care ji min xwe
havet bexte w! (Lab. 7) When I saw that it wasn't
working, then I threw myself at his feet: 2) to place,
insert: *Herse kevotk ... moria xewe davene
guhe Meme u Zine (FK-eb-2) The three doves ...
insert slumber pearls into Mem and Zin's ears; 3) to
swing, wield (a weapon): # Hema zaro §ure xwe
avet ser duve mar!, duve mar! peritand
(KH, p.34) The child immediately swung his sword
at the snake’s tail, and severed the snake's tail, {also:
avitin (Ad/BK); avitin (B/K/F/Z-l); havetin (M/Bw);
havitin; [awitin / hawitin qzJ&a] (JJ); <avetin
(taveje) (oyJ\s)> (HH); [avetene (d’avejeme)]
(BG); [avetin] (RJ)1 [Pok. 4. ueik-/ueig- 1130] 'to
bend, wind, also denotes quick motions such as
hastily ducking a blow' (extension of *uei- 'to
bend'): O Ir *a- (Tsb 72) + *vaig- (Tsb 40): cf. Av
vaeg- (pres, vaeja-) = 'to swing, brandish'; Oss veyun
= 'to shake'; Baluchi gejag = 'to swing, toss'; Mid P
2 wextan (wez) = 'to swing, brandish, throw, pour
out’ (M3); P avlxtan = 'to hang'; Sor hawi§tin
(-hawej-) = 'to throw out’
jA/JB3/IFb/Hl I/GF/I3G/RJ/MK2//Z-1/F/K/B/JJ// Ad/BK//M/Bw]
*avgir f. (-a; ). 1 ) swamp, marsh, bog (Haz);
land which retains rain water without drying out
(HH); 2 ) irrigation area (K); 3) (water)well (JB3).
{also: avgiz (IF); <avgir> _>JSUHH))
[Haz/K/JB3/HH//IF] <genav>
avgiz (IF) = swamp; irrigation area. See avgir.
avlievat (XF) = water of life. See avilSeyat.
avik JiB f. (-a; ). 1 ) {syn : dol I| semen, sperm
(Msr/A/IFb/TF); 2 ) sauce (Bw/OK).
[Msr/A/IFb/TF/OK/Bw] <[ 1 ] xira I>
avillieyat ^Lc^diB f. (). water of life, cf. Motif E80,
Stith Thompson. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
(Bloomington & Indianapolis : Indiana University
Press, [cl955]), v. 2 , p. 412: *Her kese pe§keke
ji awa tizbiyet min wexotewe, cendeke wl
agire cehenneme nablnit. Ewe awa
Keyateye dideme hingo. Ciye hingo
befie§ta ebedi ye (SK 12:119) Whoever drinks a
drop of the water from my rosary, his body will not
see the fire of Hell. This is the Water of Life which I
give you and your place will be Paradise eternal -
ava avheyat (XF) My darling (in speaking to
children) . {also: avheyat (XF); avlfieyat (EH); awa
lieyate (SK)) < av = ’water’ + Ar al-haya[t] = ’the life'
[EH//XF//SK]
avif T>B m./f.(B) (-e/; /-e). 1 ) scorn, contempt,
disdain (K); 2 ) look, glance (JBl-A); scornful or
contemptuous glance (K/JB1-A): *Awire Mem6 ft
stiya Zin k’ete hev u dine (Z-2) Mem and
Ladv Zin exchanged glances; -avif dan/avir6
xwe dan (K) to look at s.o. with contempt: «Avir
bi merani dane mir (EP-7) They looked at the
prince with contempt «[be awyre gava le-mii de¬
nari] (JJ) He looked at me askance; 3) frown, sour
face (K); 4) wink of the eye (JJ/JBl-A). {also: awir
(JBl-A); awir (Z-2); [awyr] (JJ))[EP- 7 /K/B//jBi-A/JjJ
<me’de; pirg’u>
avis adj. pregnant: of animals (K/B/Srk/K§); of
women (JB3/OK); of both (Ad/Rh/JJ/IF/A): # [By
13
A
dividing a magic apple in two, and giving half to his
mare and half to his wife:] Hespa teye avis
derk’eve, jina teye fiemle derk’eve (Z-921)
Your mare will become pregnant [avis], and so will
your wife [hemle] [also: avis (OK- 2 ); [awis] ^JI
01 ); <avis> 1 (HH)) (syn: bihemil; bizar; duhala;
giran; hemle) Av *apu0ra- = 'having recently given
birth'; Manichaean Mid P ’bwws = ’with child,
pregnant' (Boyce) & Pahl abus = ’(woman) having
just given birth' (M3); P abestan gyuul (M. Schwartz:
< O Ir *apu 8 ra- + tanu- = ’body'): Baluchi apus; Sor
awis ^b/awus [Ad/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
TF/OK/Srk/Kr§/Rh] ova [3]; t’eliqin; welidin;
zayin>
avitin QjJ'b (Ad/BK) = to throw. See avetin.
avi I adj. 1) liquid, fluid (K/B); watery (K/B/F/A):
• t
•xwarina avi (B) liquid food; 2) l^beji [1])
aquatic, living in water (JJ/JB3/Msr); 3) irrigated,
well-watered (land) (SK/IF/HH). [also: awn (SK);
[awi] J\ (JJ); <av\>J\ (HH))
[Msr/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK] <av; beji>
avi II f. ( ;-e). dew: -gihyae avi (B) dew-
«• ****
covered grass. 1 also: <a\n>Jf\ (HH)) [svn: xunav [1])
[F/K/A/IF/B/HH/GF]
avis u ~Jl5 (OK) = pregnant. See avis,
avitin <_yqJ'b (K/F/Z-l) = to throw. See avetin.
avivan 0 UJlj /. (). girl who draws water from a well.
[Bw]
avl§k dlii'b f. (-a; ). 1) [syn: cerivk (Bw); gezi;
k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel; sivnik; sizik;
§icing; §irt I) broom (IF/Krg); 2 ) broom plant
(IF/IFb). [also: havlek (IF- 2 /IFb); havlik (Krg)) <Arm
uiLtL awel = ’broom' [cf. also K siqavel = 'large
broom used in sweeping out a stable’] < [Pok.
obhel- 772.] 'to sweep, pile up’: cf. Gr ophello
6 <J>eAAo) = 'I sweep' & ophelma 6<J>eA|x<x = ’broom’
[IF//IFb//Krg] <gezi; mali$tin>
avlheyat oL A^dab (EH) = water of life. See avilKeyat.
avrabiin J\5 f. ( ;-e). flooding, rising (of water).
[Zeb/IFb/GF] clehi; lemi§t; selav; t(’]ofan>
avrej > yi'B (Msr) = toilet. See avrej I.
avr§j I f (-a; ). toilet, water closet, lavatory.
[also: avrej (Msr); <avrej> ;y> J\ (HH)) [syn:
avdestxane; golik III (Msr); da§ir (Dy); destavxane;
edebxane [1]; qedemge (Czr)) [Msr//IF/HH]
avxork IS f. (). tumbler, drinking glass, (syn:
gilas; perdax; peyale [2]) [QtrE/Slm/RZ] <istekan>
*av-zar Jjob: -av-zar gun = to lose strength,
become weak, languish; to be done for. [syn : dest
xwe gun (Z-l); zar-ziman k’etin) []
avzum ^jjb = buckle. See avzun.
avzun ( j ML yjU /. (-a; ). buckle, [also: avzum; avzung
(IF); avzunk (Haz); axzum (K); [awzoum
pjJI/agzoum I] (JJ)) Cf. Ar ibzim ^>^1, Heb
avzem QTQX; NENA abza/abzuna (Maclean); Sor
awzunge cbjjj 3 b/awzune aj^b
[Zx/A//IF//Haz//JJ//K]
avzung (IF) = buckle. See avztin.
avzunk Jbjjjib (Haz) = buckle. See avzfin.
aw (SK) = water. See av.
awa Lb m. (-ye;-yi). 1) [syn: celeb I; cure; t’eher)
manner, way, style: # Her pereke wi ji hawake
ye (L) Every one of his feathers is of a [different]
color; -bi vi awayi = thus, in this manner; -bi gi
awayi be ji (JB3)/bi her awayi biwa (SW) (in)
any way; 2) case (gram.) . [also: awayi (K); hawa (L);
<awa>U (HH)) [SW/A/JB3/HH//K//L]
awa lieyate Ub (SK) = water of life. See
•»
avilKeyat.
awan (K/JB1-S) = troublemaker. See 'ewan II.
awarte *OjL b adj. exceptional, unusual, extraordinary,
out of the ordinary, unexpected; emergency (adj.)
{Cf. Ar tari’ ^jlt): -komcivina awarte (Wit)
emergency meeting: »Di 19 5 e Ilona 1992 an de
komcivina awarte ya duyemin a HEP’§
li Enqere li dar ket (Wit 1:43, p.9) On
September 19, 1992, the second emergency
meeting of the People’s Labor Party (HEP)
took place; -rew§a awarte (IFb) state of
emergency, exceptional state. <Hau?
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <tengav>
awayi ^Ijb (K) = manner, way. See awa.
• •
awir jjb (JBl-A)/awir ^b (Z-2) = disdain; frown;
wink. See avif.
awi ^b (SK) = liquid; irrigated. See avi I.
ft •
ax £b f. (-a;-e). 1) dirt, ground, soil, earth: »Ax
pir bi xer u ber e (AB) Soil is very productive
• Weki [ or hindi] axe zor in [or mi§e ne]
(Zeb) They are a dime a dozen [lit. 'as abundant
as dirt']; 2 ) dust (K/JBl-A); 3) matter (JB3/IFb).
[also: [akh] (JJ); <ax> (HH); [akh] (BG);
[akh] (RJ)} According to Morgenstierne <*ahaka-
(see: IV. Persian Etymologies in "Varia,"
Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, 12 (1942),
14
266}; P xak JU; Sor ax ^U/xak JU; See Land
in: I. Gershevitch. “Outdoor Terms in Iranian,”
A Locust's Leg : Studies in Honour of S.H.
Taqizadeli (London, 1962), pp.76-84; reprinted
in his Philologia Iranica , ed. by N. Sims-Williams
(Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985),
pp. 170-72. [BK/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-
A/GF/BG/RJ/SK] <axleve>
axa G»b (HB/K/A/IFb/TF) = agha. See axa.
axaftin vi./vt. ([d]axev-/[d]axiv-
/[d]axivin-[B]). 1) to speak, talk: «Ez bi
hemwelatiyen xwe re li ser ve axivim
(Wit 1:37. p.16) I spoke about that to my fellow
countrymen •Hevale min ligel min axift
[=Hevale min ez axiftim] (Bs) My friend
spoke to me # Hedi baxeve! = Speak slowly!;
2 ) [axiftin vt. ([t-']axev-)] to be on speaking
terms with s.o., make up with s.o. (Bw): # Ez
hevale xo t-'axevim (Bw) Tm on speaking
terms with my friend [i.e., Em jek sil ninin =
We’re not mad at each other] *Ez te naaxevim
(Bw) I’m not speaking to you *Me ek u du
axift[eve] (Bw) We’re back on speaking terms
•Wi ez axiftim (Bw) He made up with me
[= Wi xo a§t kirlfaiso: axavtin (A/B); axiftin
(M/Bw); axivin (Wit); axiwtin (SK); [akhaftin]
(JI); <axaftin ypaUd (taxeve) (*Lp.b)> (HH);
[akhaftene (cl’akheiveme)] (BG); |akheftin] (RJ)}
{syn: k’elimin; mijul dan; peyivin; qezi kirin (Kg);
qise kirin (Ks); §or kirin; §texilin; xeberdan)
[BX/Zx/K/JJ7JB3/HH/BG//M/Bw/RJ//A/B//SK]
axati ^lib (TF) = being an agha. a tribal leader or
• •
regional nobleman. See axati.
axavk Ji'G-b (Hk) = snack made of flour and water.
See arxavk.
axavtin ypdiib (A/B) = to speak. See axaftin.
axbandir (IFb/Qzl) = edible plant. See
axbandir,
axiftin yp^i-b (M/Bw) = to speak. See axaftin.
axil m. ( ; exil, vi axili). fenced-in area
for sheep or cattle, pen, corral, {also: [aghil] JpI
(JJ) } {syn: axur; k’ox [1]; mexel) <*a-hvar-ana;
Cf. Pahl axwarr- = 'manger, stable’ (M3); Sgd
”xwyr- [axwaraya- causative] = 'to feed 1 ;
Cf. T agil = ’sheepfold’ + agal/agila/agul = ’open
pen enclosed with a hedge in which sheep are
put at night' (DS, v. 1 , p. 81) [HB/F/K/B//JJ] <afif;
axur; beri I; dolge; guhef; gom I; k’ox; k’oz; lef;
mexel>
axir inter). You see, you know; Come on; after
all: •Axir beje, gi dixwezi? (K) Tell me
[already], what do you want? *Axir eva se §ev
u se roje weye, te dere diwane dadaye
(EP) You know, you’ve already closed the doors
of [your] diwan for three days and nights • Axir
ne usane (K) You know it's not like that *Axir
xizmet yan bo menafi'e dunya§ ye yan
bo se’adeta axirete ye (SK 57:667) After all,
obedience is either for earthly profit or for
happiness in the hereafter *Destebirak, ez ji
te razime, le naha tu gereke destHra min
bid!, ez berbi mala xwe herim, axir ez
p’exemberim (Ba3-3, # 6 ) Brother, I am very
happy [here] with you, but now you must let me
go home; after all, I am a prophet! {also: [akher]
(BG) = enfin, n'importe, fin]
Cf. P axar/ axe c^T [EP-7/K/BG/SK]
axiret ^ 6 ^.B (K/B/SK/GF) = the hereafter. See axret.
axiri f. (-[y]a;-ye). end, ending: -axiriye
(F/Dz) in the end. after all, finally {syn: dawiye}:
•Axrye her Heft ji mane t’i (Dz) In the end all
seven remained thirsty # tJsib geleki digergire,
le axirie Zelixe ciki digire (Ba- 1 , #27) Joseph
strives very hard, but finally he catches [up with]
Zulaikha in a place. I also: [akhiri] (JJ)} {syn;
dawi; encam; k’utasi) <Ar axir = 'last, final’
[F/K/B/JJ]
axivin (Wit) = to speak. See axaftin.
axiwtin (SK) = to speak. See axaftin.
axin f (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: int’in[i]; nalenal; nalin)
groan[ing], moanfing]: -axin k’i§andin (IF) to
moan; 2 ) (syn; Hezing; k’eser} sigh, deep breath:
-axina k’hr dahi§tin (K) to take a deep sigh.
{also: axini (B-2)} [K/IF/B]
axini c y-^b (B) = groan; sigh. See axin.
axirk J^sb (GF) = sand fly. See axllrk.
•• *<
axlev«e *ilUb L ( ; # e). 1 ) first days of spring,
early spring (K/JJ); springtime, period of sharp
rises in temperature and melting of snow (B);
first days of spring, when the winter provisions
are almost exhausted and peasants are in straits (Dz):
• Tu rind zani axleve giye, hema te axl§ve
ne ditye (Dz) You know well what axleve [early
spring, a difficult season for peasants] is, but you’ve
A
never seen it [prv.] ; 2) flood, high water (at time
of spring thaw) (K). {also: axlife (Haz); axleve (Dz);
axlevi; [akhlive] 0jJ -Gd (JJ)| Ascribed erroneously
by JJ to Geo axloba = 'newness'
[nouveaute] & axlo = 'close to’ [proche
de], but cf. Sor xakelewe = 'early spring'
(name of the first month of spring according to
one of several local Kurdish calendars
[KurdoeviSorani]) ; <xak = 'earth'+ lew = 'lip',
hence ’earth cracking open its lips' [explanation
com tesy of Shayee Khanaka of Kirkuk). Both
xak i ax = earth’ [Dz//K/B//JJ//Haz] <hihar;
lehi>
axlife AjLlib (Haz) = early spring. See axleve.
»
axor jP±{j (A/L)/axor L 6 (B) = sty, pen. See axur.
axpin <j~^ c f (-a;-e). fertilized field; dung heap: *Li
axpina pa§ malen X'e, gundiye bi nave
Berzo rasti min hat (Lab, 10) In the dung heap
between the houses of X, a villager named Berzo
encountered me. {also: [akhpin] (JJ)( <Arm
alp tu.i\p = ’excrement, dung, manure, trash’
[Lab/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <sergin>
axret oa>s.(j f. (-a;-e). the hereafter, the next world,
the afterlife: *Axir xizmet yan bo menafi’e
dunyae ye yan bo se'adeta axirete ye (SK
57:667) After all, obedience is either for earthly
profit or for happiness in the hereafter -Eger
meqsoda hingo se'adeta axirete ye, elbette
hingo mela hene (SK 57:675) If your goal is
happiness in the hereafter--well, you have mullahs
•Gulek derk’etiye ji qudrete, / Hin dine
k§ri me te, / Hin axrete / Ew giye?
[pembu] (Z-1729) A flower has come out from
God, / Some of it is of use to us in this world, /
Some in the next / What is it? [rdl.: ans.: cotton],
{also: axiret (K-2/B-2/SK/GF)] { syn: pi§tdawi) < Ar
axirah a - 'the hereafter' [Z/K/IFb/B//SK/GF]
axte (MK2) = horse. See exte [2],
axur J3 s.{S m./f.(B/L) (-e/-a; exur, vt axuri/-e).
stall, sty, pen (for animals) ; stable (MK2): *Sidar
ber bu exur dibezi (MB, p.ll) Sidar was
running toward the stable, {also: axor (A); axor (B);
axur (GF); [akhour] (JJ); <axor> J3 sA (HH);
[okhor] (RJ)) {syn: axil; gom I; k’ox [1]) <*a-hvar- or
*a-hvar-ana -- see afir; Cf. Pahl axwarr- = ’manger,
stable 1 (M3); Sgd ”xwyr- [axwaraya- causative ] = 'to
— c
feed’; P axur _>.)—> Ar axur & T ahir + ahur
[Kurdish tribe, £cmiar-£orum; Ardahan-Kars
(villages); Erzurum; Kemaliye-Erzincan; Erci§-Van;
Hozat-Tunceli; Agm-Elazig (villages); Agrakos,
Su§ehri, Giirun-Sivas; Kirkuk] = 'animal stable' (DS,
v. 1 , pp. 124-25). [K/JB3/IFb/JJ/JBl-A/MK2//GF//
B//L/A/HH//RJ] <afir; axil; beri I; dolge; guher;
gom I; lef; mexel>
axurk (IFb) = sand fly. See axfirk.
axu^»b f. (). poison, venom, {also: axii (K)} {syn: jehr
(AB/K)1 < T agi [HB/K/JB3] <mergemu§>
axur ^ 3 -ib (GF) = sty, pen; stahle. See axur.
axurik J^^b (M-Am) = sand fly. See axurk.
axurk J l^>^b f. ( ;-e). sand fly, zool.
Phlebotonius. {also: axirk (GF); axurk (IFb); axurik
(M-Am); <axwirk> J l^i-b (Hej)] [Zeb/OK//M-Am//
Hej//GF//IFb] <me§; pe§i II>
ax*a Ub m. (•a[y]e/*e;*e). agha; tribal leader, or
regional nobleman; "Kurdish terminology does not
distinguish between leaders of the tribe, clan or
lineage: all are simply called agha-with a few
exceptions ... An agha is apparently a leader who
rules, but by extension his close relatives may also
be given this title. In southern and eastern Kurdistan
leaders of the tribe or clan are alternatively called
’reis 1 ... [T]he difference between ... titles [beg and
agha] as it existed around Diyarbakir in the 1920s:
'the agha is the tribal leader who lives in the
mountains among his tribe; the beg lives in town,
he may be and may not be a tribal chieftain
originally. A beg is literate, an agha illiterate. The
beg is civilized and he engages in politics, the agha
fights. Begs often possess large land-holdings, the
agha of the mountains is not the landlord of his
tribesmen, who possess their own parcels of land"’
[from: Martin van Bruinessen. Agha. Shaikh and
Slate : The Social and Political Structures of
Kurdistan (London: Zed Books, 1992), pp. 80-81;
see entire chapter for Full discussion of the agha] :
•Her §exek u her axayek h her begek nabit
pad§ahek bit, u gawa fiez biket weto digel
Te c iyeta begare biket (SK 56:654) Every shaikh
and agha and beg cannot be a king and do as he
pleases with the hapless peasantry *§ex u beg u
axa zor bo Hale xo fi menfe l ete zatiye xo
zana u §eytan in, emma re l iyet zor begare
u nezan u wefi§i ne (SK 56:655) The shaikhs
and begs and aghas are very wise and cunning in
16
A
looking after their own case and their personal
profit, but the peasantry are quite hapless and rude
and ignorant, {also: axa (HB/K/A/IFb/TF); [aga] U1
(JJ): <axa> Ul (HH)) Cf. P aqa lih T aga {axati; axati;
axayi} [HB/K/A/IFb/TF//B/HH/SK/JBl-A/GF//JJ]
<beg; §ex>
axati ^Ub f. (-ya;-y§). position of agha, a tribal
leader or regional nobleman: •Sileman axaye
donzdeh Kezar mal§ G§si. Sileman k’et
mir, axatya §1§ k’et deste 'Eliye Ges[ 1 ] (FK-
kk-3) Suleiman was the agha of twelve thousand
houses of the Gesi. [When] Suleiman died, the title
of agha fell to Ali of the Gesi. [also: axati (TF); axayi
(K-2/GF-2)) [K/B/GF//TF] <axa>
axayi ^Ub (K/GF) = being an agha, a tribal leader or
regional nobleman. See axati.
axbandir jjjLtb f. Q. edible plant which grows in the
Siverek Basin of Ur fa (Riha) and in Mardin
(Merdin): • Axbandir ji kire k’er direjtir / ji
go§te berxan xwe§tir (Qzl) Aghbandir is longer
than a donkey’s penis / more tasty than lamb's meat
[Qzl children's rhyme], [also: axbandir (IFb/Qzl)} Cf.
T agbaldir [Giiney ova villages-Gaziantep] = 'a plant
with white. 40-50 cm. long stem, gathered in the
springtime and eaten’ (DS. v. 1 , p. 85)
[Haz//Qzl/IFb//DS]
axleve b (Dz) = early spring. See axleve.
axlevi ^yilUb = early spring. See axleve.
• •
axu(K) = poison. See axu.
axzum ^y^b (K) = buckle. See avzun.
ayar jbb (TF) = goatskin sack. See ’eyar I.
ayar§irk b (A/IFb) = goatskin sack. See
'eyar§irk.
*ayil Job adj. unjust, (in the) wrong, at fault, (ayilti (A))
[HB/A]
* ayilti yJojJ L (). injustice, wrong. [A]
’aynik JjoU (Wn) = mirror. See 'eynik.
ayreplan ^b = airplane. See ayroplan.
ayrodirom /! (). airport, [svn: balafirgeh
(BX/K/A/JB3); firokcih (A); metar (Zx)j [(neol)K]
ayroplan f. (). airplane, {also: ayreplan (K))
[syn: b ala fir (BX/K/A/JB3); firoke (AB/K[s]/A/JB3);
teyar[e]) [(neol)K]
ayroplangi m. (). aviator, pilot, {syn:
balafirvan (BX/K/A/JB3); firokevan (K[s])| [(neol)K]
az jb adj. 1 ) {also: aza II/aza II (Bw)| strong, well,
healthy (HB/A/HH); 2) steep (of hills) (HB/A); 3)
quick; ambitious (JB3). f also: <az>jT(HH))
[HB/A/JB3/HH]
aza I 1 jb/aza I Ibb (Bw) adj. 1) free, unrestrained, at
large; independent: -aza bun/xwe aza kirin [+
ji] (K/B) to be free of, to get rid of | syn: yaxa xwe
xilas kirin): *Careke Osib ji mal direve, ku ji
Zelix§ azabe (Ba3-l) One day Joseph runs away
from home, to get rid of Zulaikha; -aza kirin
(HH/JBl-A/OK/TF) to set free, let go, liberate: -Min
tu aza kiri (Bw): a) I let you go; b) I forgave you
[see what follows}-, -gerdena fk-1 aza kirin
(JJ/JBl-A) to forgive s.o. [lit. ’to set s.o.’s neck free’]:
•Ji dil u yaqin gerdena min aza ke! (JBl-A)
Pardon me sincerely [=1 am truly sorry] *[kardana
ta aza kem (G)] (JJ-G) I pardon you [ What the judge
will sav on Judgment Day, according to Garzoni ];
-gerdena xo aza kirin (XF) to excuse o.s., take
one’s leave: •Hakimi got§: "Mtileta min bide
Keta subey da ez ruxseta xo eyale xo
bixazim, gerdena xo aza bikem” (XF) The
ruler said, “Give me until tomorrow to take leave of
my family [lit. 'to ask leave of my children, and free
my neck’]; 2) empty, vacant, free; 3) [syn: earner;
delir; zix I[2]} brave, bold, courageous. I also: azad
(A/TF-2) -- (A) proper name; azat (MK 2 ); [azad] jIjl
(JJ); <aza-> )jl (HH); [aza] (RJ)) Cf. P azad j) =
’free[d]' ; Sor azad[e] [o]j\ jb/aza )jb = 'free' & aza )jb
= 'brave, active, efficient, quick, helpful,
magnanimous, good (child)' [azadi; azahi; azayi)
|F/K/JB3/IFb/I3/IIH/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK/RZ/RJ// JJ/A//MK2]
aza II )jb/aza II bhb (Bw) = strong. See az[l].
azad jljb (A/JJ/TF) = free; man's name. See aza.
azadi jb f. (-ya;-ye). freedom, liberty, {also: azahi
(K/JB3); azayi (K/B); [azadi] j) (JJ)) {syn: rizgari;
serbesti) [AB/JJ/A//K/JB3]
azadixah oGwyljb (OK) = freedom seeking. See
azadixwaz.
azadixaz jUw y )jb (OK) = freedom seeking. See
azadixwaz.
azadixwaz jl^A.yljb adj. freedom seeking, freedom
(or liberty) seeker: *Ji bo xebata miletS Kurd fi
xebata niviskar d rojnamevan§ azadixwaz
(Wit 2:59, p.7) For the struggling of the Kurdish
nation and the struggling of freedom-seeking writers
and journalists, {also: azadixah (OK-2); azadixaz
(OK); azadxwez; azahixwaz (GF); azaxwez (K))
[Wlt/TF/GF//OK//K]
17
i
A
azadxwez jo^ jljlS = freedom seeking. See
azadixwaz.
azahi (K/JB3) = freedom. See azadi.
azahixwaz jb (GF) = freedom seeking. See
• •
azadixwaz.
azap jlS (EP/B) = bachelor. See azib.
azapi jb (B) = bachelorhood. See azibi.
««
azat oi jb (MK2) = free. See aza.
azaxwez j 0j pdjb (K) = freedom seeking. See
azadixwaz.
azayi ^jb (K/B) = freedom. See azadi.
azeb v°jb (IFb/GF) = bachelor. See azib.
azep yojb (K/GF) = bachelor. See azib.
azepi (K) = bachelorhood. See azibi.
azib ^jb adj. 1 ) unmarried, single; 2 ) [m.] bachelor
{aiso; azap (EP/B); azeb (IFb/GF); azep (K/GF- 2 );
[azeb] (JJ); <’ezeb> (HH)} <Ar ‘azab
Sor ’azeb V ojU> = 'lusty bachelor'; Za ’azeb =
'widower' (Todd) {azapi; azepi; azibi}
[EP/B//K//A/TF//IFb/JJ//HH]
azibi ^jb /. ( ;-ye). bachelorhood, {also: azapi (B);
azepi (K); [azebi] (JJ)} [A/TF//K//B] <azib>
azirandin jjb vf. (-azirin-)- to stir up, incite,
agitate, provoke (e.g., bees in a hive): •Welatet
islami yet nermre weku Pakistane, ku
ewey mej e tekili digel Emerika hene, pitir
ziyane dibinin wexte hest u iKsaset
bisulmana tene azirandin (VoA[Zeb] 8/26/98)
Moderate Islamic countries like Pakistan, which
have long-standing ties with the United States, suffer
the most when Muslim sensitivities are stirred up.
{also: <azirandin> jjjljjb (Hej)} cf. P azordan (jjjjl
= 'to injure, molest, trouble' [VoA/Zeb/GF/Hej]
<aziryan; §arandin; xurin III>
azirin ^jjb (Bw/GF) = to be agitated. See aziryan.
aziryan jLjjb vi. (-azirye-). to be or get stirred up,
be agitated, be upset (e.g., bees in a hive), {also:
azirin (Bw- 2 /GF)} cf. P azordan jjjji = 'to injure,
molest, trouble' [Bw/Zeb/GF] <azirandin>
azix^jb, m. ( ; ezix) (F/B) = provisions. See azuxe [1].
azman tjLjb (Msr) = sky. See 'ezman I.
aznif Ulj jb /. ( ;-e). a game played with dominoes :
• Ew ye aznife diken (Bw) They are playing
aznif. Cf. Arm azniw iuq»u. = 'kind-hearted’
[Bw/IFb]
azuru^jb (K 2 -Ferik) = desire. See arzu.
azux ^jb (K) = provisions. See azuxe [1]; = fat
products. See aztixe [2].
azuj^jb f.(B)/ni.(K) ( ;-ye/ ). molar (tooth).
{also: [azouljj) (JJ)} [syn: [diranen] kursi}
[K/B/JJ] <didan>
azuqe <^jb (OK) = provisions. See azilxe [1].
azuxe Ai^jb (OK) = provisions. See azuxe [l].
azftx*e APjjjb /. (*a; ). 1) {also: azix, m. ( ; ezix)
(F/B); azux (K); azuqe (OK-2); azuxe (OK); [azoughe
^ 3 jl/azig ^jl] (JJ)} provisions, food (for a trip j,
victuals: *[Her yek ji we azfrxa §e§ rojan
digel xo bilkirin [or hilgirin)] (JR #27, p.81-2)
Each one of you bring six days’ worth of provisions
with him; 2) {also: azux, m. (B/K)} fat products,
grease, tallow (K/B). Cf. P azuye = 'provisions’
-> T azik; Sor azuxe A^jb = 'victuals, provisions'
[JR/JJ//OK//K//F/B] <[1] xwarin; zad; [2] bez I;
tewa§>
18
B
ba I l> m. (baye/be; be/baye [Z- 2 ], vi bayi). wind
(atmospheric) : *Bak! tenik t’e§!§ dixe (J) A
light wind drops the spindle *Ba te (AB) The wind
blows [lit. 'comes']; -ba kirin (K): a) to blow
(wind) ; b) to wave (vt.) : *Nav Cizfre gurzed
at’a§i ba kirin (EP-7) They waved torches [lit.
'clubs of fire'] throughout Jizir; -xwe ba kirin
(Ba3/K)/ba dan (SK) to shake, reel, stagger, twist
(vi.) [see also badan]: *Zelixe xwe ba dike,
wek! ji deste wi derk’eve (Ba3) Z. tries to
shake herself free of his grasp; -baye fera§in =
cool summer breeze; -baye sube (BK) morning
wind, {also: [ba] b (JJ); <ba> b (HH)) [Pok. 10.
au(e)- 81.] 'to blow' —> *AweE < *Aew-: Skt vata-
[vatah] m. & vayu- [vayuh] m. = 'wind; the god of
wind’; Av vata- m. (scans as va-a-ta [3 syllables]);
Old Indo-Iranian Vata = 'the wind god’, cf. also
Vayu = ’the storm god'; P bad jb; Sor ba b; Za va
m. (Todd); Hau wa m. (M4); Cf. Germ wehen = 'to
blow’; Eng wind <*/AweE + nt-/ old participle
’blowing’. See: M. Mokri. “Les Vents du Kurdistan,”
in: Recherches de kurdologie : Contribution
scientifique aux etudes iraniennes (Paris : Librairie
Klincksieck, 1970), p. [233]-258.
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK/MK2] <p’el; §emal [7]>
ba II b f. ( ; be [B]). rheumatism: -ba girtin/-
k’etin (B) to suffer from rheumatism: «Ba k’etye
wi (B) He has rheumatism, {also: bawl [ 2 ]; [ba] b
(JJ)} Cf. P bad jb = ’swelling, inflammation’; Sor
badari^bb [IFb/B/JJ/GF]
ba III L: -ba kirin II (PS-I) = to call. See bang,
ba IV b = at the house of. See bal I.
bab v b (JBl-A/A/HH/SK) = father. See bav.
baba bb (SK) = father. See bav.
babelisk <Xj b f. (-a;-e). whirlwind, tornado;
strong windstorm, {also: babelus (OK- 2 ); babilisk
(Rnh); bablis[e]k (GF); bablisok (A/IFb-2/TP70K);
bobelisk (K/B); [babelisk cJLl>b (G)/boubelizk
JyJjjj/boubelis (JJ); <babelisk> «iL~-Lb (HH))
[Zeb/IFb/JJ-G/HH//GF//A/TF/OK//K/B] <ba I>
babelus b (OK) = whirlwind. See babelisk.
babet Io^bk ( ;-e). 1 ) sort, quality, type (JB3/IF); 2 )
(syn: daba§; mijar] subject, topic (JB3/IF); 3)
connection, relationship (K): *Di v§ babetd de,
nivisaren Pehlewi pir li diji GrSkan
diaxifin (Rw§ 3, p. 23) In this connection [or,
manner], the Pahlavi writers speak out against the
Greeks. [Ber/K(s)/JB3/IF]
babet II o<*jb ad/, suitable, fitting, appropriate (A):
•Ancax babete, ko sere herduka bi hevfa
here ser balgiyekine (Z- 2 , 68 ) It is only fitting
that their heads should rest on the same pillow [Cf.
T wedding salutation ’Bir yastikta kocaym' = You
should grow old on the same pillow'] «Ev sftard
hane babete stiya Zine (Z- 2 , 75) This
horseman is fitting for Lady Zin *Pire rabft, gft
dik’ane, lengerik t’iji seve babeti Xec§Ia
k’iri, ani (IS-#263) The old woman went to the
story and bought a platter full of fine apples for
Khej [lit. ’apples worthy ofKhej’]. {syn: hinkuf;
layiq [ 1 ]} [Z-2/A]
babilisk c-L^Lb (Rnh) = whirlwind. See babelisk.
bablisek J<w^bb (GF) = whirlwind. See babelisk.
bablisk eiL--Lb (GF) = whirlwind. See babelisk.
bablisok Jj^Lb (A/lFb/TF/OK) = whirlwind. See
babelisk.
babolek Jblj^b (QtrE/Slm) = wart. See belalftk II.
bac £-b /. (-a;-e). tax, tribute; duty: *Eger min
bacek ba Zine ani (FK-eb- 1 ) If I succeed in
collecting a tax from Zin; -bertil ft bac, [see
bertil] {also: [badj ^-b/batch >L] (JJ); <bac> t-L
(HH)) {syn: be§; olam; xerac [1]; xerc [2]; xnk]
[Pok. 1 . bhag- 107.] ’to share out, apportion; also,
to get a share': Skt Vbhaj [bhajati] = ’to divide,
distribute, allot'; Av Vbag pres . stem bax§a- = 'to
distribute, dole out'; O P baji- f. = 'tribute' (Brand);
Mid P baj (M3); P baj >b/baz jb/baz jb -> T bag =
’toll or tax formerly collected from caravans and
ships'; Sor bac ^b; cf. also Arm baz (W: paz) puitf,
a Persian loan word. The persistence of the OP -j-
in P and K is noteworthy: perhaps the legalistic
quality of the word has retarded the sound change.
be§ I & bext come from the same root
[Z-l/K/A/B/JJ/HH] <berevker>
bacan jb>L m.Zf.(Qzl) (-§/; ). l) usually bacan6
Te§: eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, bot. Solanum
melongena ; 2) usually bacand sor { also: bacansor
(RZ-2)) (syn: firing!; stemboli; §amik} tomato, bot.
19
Lycopersicum esculentum. {also: badircan, f. (B);
badrican (K-2); bahcan (Qzl); balcan (GF-
2/Krg/Klk); balican (Kmc-2-2); bancan (GF-2);
be’can (Kzl); [badindjane jU*3jL/bajan (PS) jU-L]
(JJ); <bacan> jUU (HH)} Cf. P badenjan jL =
'eggplant, aubergine' & badenjan-e ferengi ^1^3 jL
( , [=gowje-ye ferengi jU = 'tomato 1 ;
••
Sor bayincan[i re§] [jioj = ’egg-plant,
aubergine’ & bayincani sur/§am pli =
’tomato’ [Btm/Grc/Cnr/K/A/IFb/JJ-PS/HH/GF/
TF/RZ/Kmc-2/CB//B//Qzl//Krg/Klk//Kzl//JJ]
bacansor (RZ) = tomato. See bacan.
bacar jL.L (FK-eb-1) = city. See bajar.
bacikciLJj (IFb) = pepper. See back,
bacinax yL^l> m. (). 1) brother-in-law [pi. brothers-
in-law], specifically the relationship between
husbands of two sisters ; husband of a man's
baltflz (qv.) { syn: hevbuk (IF); hevling) Cf. P
bajinay = 'brother-in- law'-> T bacanak =
'brother-in-law', specifically the relationship
between husbands of two sisters [Haz] cbaltuz;
cayi>
baci f. (). 1) {syn: kilam; stiran 1} song (Msr);
••
musical phrase, snatch of a song (HH); 2) lament
(Msr). [ also: <baci> (HH)) [Msr/Xrz/HH]
back JUj m. (-e; ). pepper (plant, vegetable): -
backe sor (Dy) hot pepper, {also: bacik (IFb))
(syn.'biber; guncik; higfiar; isot) [Dy//IFb]
bagarmik JLjLJj (Mr§) = bat (zool.) . See barg’imok.
bagermok (IF/Mzg) = bat (zool.) . See
barg’imok.
bagik J^b f. (). cigarette. ( also: <bagik> J-^b (HH))
(syn: cigare) [IFb/RF//HH]
badak JIjL (). type of plant, {also: <badak> jb
(HH)) [HB/HH]
ba«dan jljb vt. (ba-d-). 1 ) to twist (vt.):-x o badan
(Bw) to swagger, walk pompously; 2) to turn (vt &
vi.): «Bade bo rex§ rasti (Bw) Turn right!;
-fQy§ xwe j£ badan (K/JB3) to turn away from
s.o.; 3) to wind up fa clock) {syn: bar I kirin):
-saeta xwe badan (JB3) to wind up one’s clock
or watch; 4) (syn: §idandin [3]) to screw in (Bw).
{also: cbadan <j1 jb (badide) O > (HH)}
[HB/K/A/JB3/HH/Bw] <[4]: dernefls>
badayi adj. pattern of bergfiz material: white
with thick black stripes. [Bw] <berguz>
badem p<ob, f. (K) = almond. See behiv.
badilhewa jb (B/GF/QtrE) = in vain. See
badihewa.
badircan jbwjjb, f. (B) = eggplant; tomato. See bacan.
badihewa adv. in vain: •Badihewa bu cefe
wan (EP- 8 ) Their labor was in vain {also:
badilhewa (B- 2 /GF/QtrE); bedilhewa (B- 2 ); [badi
heva] lyfc^jb (JJ); cbadi hewa> (HH)} cf. P
bad-i hava jb = ’wind of the air’ (Ottoman fiscal
term, see El 2 , vol. 1. p. 850) [EP-
8 /K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/AId//GF/QtrE] <tew§>
badrican jb^jjb (K) = eggplant; tomato. See bacan.
bafon (jjib (A/IFb) = aluminum. See fafon.
bafun (GF/TF) = aluminum. See fafon.
bagaran jljlfb (Btm) = roof-roller. See bagirdan.
bager joSL f ( ;-e). 1) {syn: bahoz; barove; t[ 5 ]ofan
( 2 ]} storm; 2 ) (syn: bakuzirk; bami§t) snowstorm,
blizzard (Ag/B); strong wind accompanied by snow
(HH). {also: [bagher] JL (JJ); <bager> _JL (HH)}
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/Ag] <ba I; baran; berf; 'ewr;
§ili; t[’]ofan>
bagirdan jly/L f.(OK)/m.(Zeb) (/-e; ). long stone
cylinder for rolling down mud roofs, roof-roller.
{also: bagaran (Btm); bagurdan (IFb/OK/Zeb);
bangerdan (GF- 2 )) (syn: lox) Cf. Sor ba[n]girden
^j^Mb/bagirdan j) j Ji>. For an illustration, see
Atilcan, p. 118. [A/GF//IFb/Zeb//Btm] <t’apan>
bagurdan (IFb/OK/Zeb) = roof-roller. See
bagirdan.
baha b*b (B) = price; expensive. See biha.
bahar jLaIj (Ba 2 /A/B) = springtime. See bihar.
bahcan (Qzl) = eggplant; tomato. See bacan.
bahiv (OK/AA) = almond. See behiv.
bahivterk b (AA/Elk) = unripe almond. See
behivter.
bahos = storm. See bahoz.
bahoz jjp&b f. (). storm, hurricane, tornado, {also:
bahos) (syn: bager; barove; t(’]ofan [2]} [HB/K/A]
baibun (F) = camomile. See beybfln.
bais (F)/ba c is (SK) = reason. See bayis I.
baisiz_>ob (FK-kk-1) - cause of disaster. See baysiz.
bajar Jjb m./f.(HM/PS) (-£/-a; baj£r, vi bajari/).
town, city, {also: bacar (FK-eb- 1 ); bajer (SK/Bw/M);
[bajir] ^J'b (JJ)) (syn: beled I (EP); §eher (Z)) Cf. P
bazar jljb = 'market, bazaar’—> T pazar
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JBl-S/GF/TF//JJ//SK/Bw/M]
<hey§et; §eni>
20
bajari ^IjL m. Q. city dweller, town dweller,
u
townsman: *Kegdn me tera xorten e§!ra me
nakin, me keg nine ku em bidin bajariyan
(Lab, 6) We don't have enough girls for our own
tribe, we don’t have any girls to give [in marriage]
to city folk *Muroeki Artu§i koger digel
tacireki Musili dost bu. Her sal muroe
Artti§i digit Mfisile ... dibd mewane doste
xo. Doste wi ji gelek qedre wi digirt ...
xarina bajeriya, ko §irini, pilaw, go§t,
eprax, §orbawa bi dermanet benxo§ u ti§te
weki wane bo wi didanane ser sifre (SK
31:274) A man of the Artushi nomads was friendly
with a merchant of Mosul. Every year the Artushi
used to go to Mosul ... and was the guest of his
friend. His friend would treat him with great
respect ... he would set on the tablecloth
townsmen’s food, which is sweetmeats, pilaf, meat,
stuffed vine-leaves, soup with fragrant spices and
other such tilings. 1 also: bajeri (SK); [bajiri
^jL/bazarl (PS)] (JJ) 1 [syn: *bajarvan)
[Lab/K/A/IFb/J-PS/GF/TF/SK//JJ]
bajeri ^joji (SK) = city dweller. See bajari.
bajer JjL (SK/Bw/M) = town, city. See bajar.
bakir ^5L (K) = virgin. See bik’ur.
bakire o^SL (SK) = virgin. See bik’ur.
bakur f.(Ber)/m.(OK) (-a/; ). north: -Bakura
Kurdistane (Ber) Northern Kurdistan, (syn:
mifriq; §emal, f. (F)l Sor bakur j«*5L
[K/A/JB3/IFb/TF/Ber] <ba§ur; cenub; ro[j]hilat;
fo[j]ava>
bakuzirk f.(Zeb)/m.(OK) ( /-e; ). blizzard,
snowstorm with wind, (syn: bager [2]; bami§t;
barove) GF [bakizirk] and OK define this as "hot
wind , simoom" [Bw/Dh/Zeb/OK/Hej]
bal I JL prep, at, at or over s.o.’s house, to or into
s.o.’s presence; [c.f. Fr. chez, Germ, bei] : # ba
min/li bal min = chez moi # Ji bal ape xwe
dihat (BX) He was coming from his uncle's •Jinik
te bal keg’ike (J) The woman comes to the girl
• Xwedd ez §andime bal te (Dz) God has sent
me to you; -bal ... ve (BX) in the direction of.
[also: ba IV) \syn: ber sere/ber/ser; cem; hinda I;
laid; li def (Bw); nik I; rex I) < bi all [ye] = in the
direction (of) [BX/F/J/K/A/B]
bal II JL f. (-a;-e). 1) mind, memory, thoughts: -
bala fk‘§ k’i§andin (Msr) to attract or catch
s.o.’s attention, to interest s.o.: *Ev ti§t bala min
dik’i§ine (Msr) This thing interests me *Her
wiha ew bald diki§inin ser pi§tevaniya
dewleten Ewrupaye ji (AW71A3) Likewise
they draw attention to the support of the European
states as well; 2 ) look, glance: -bala xwe dan (K)
to look, see: *Bala xwe dane, M. razaye bi
xewa §irin (Z) They looked and saw that M. was
sound asleep [lit. ’sleeping in sweet sleep'], {syn: bir
I; zen 1} <Ar bal JL [Z/K/A/JB3/B] <balk’e§>
bala JL adv. up, upward(s), on high, {also: bani (L)}
[syn: jor; ^xwar) Cf. Av barezah- = 'height'; P bala
JL (Horn #171); Sor bala JL = 'high, height, stature’
[K/A] <berz; bilind; hevraz>
balafir ^iJL f. (-a;-e). airplane, {syn: ayroplan, f. (K);
firoke (AB/K[s]/A/JB3); teyar[e]) < bala = ’up’ + fir-
= 'to fly’ [(neol)BX/K/A/JB3/Bw]
balafirge ofj'i L (A) = airport. See balafirgeh.
balafirgeh A<\5jiJL f. (-a;-e). airport, {also: balafirge
(A)) {syn: avrodirom, f. (K); firokcih (A); *metar
(Zx)) [(neol)BX/K/A/JB3]
balafirvan jtijjJL in. (). aviator, pilot, {syn:
ayroplangi (K); firokevan (K[s])l (balafirvani)
[(neol)BX/K/A/JB3]
balafirvani ^yl^iJL /. (). aviation. [(neol)BX)
^ ••
balagih &yj L = pillow. See balgih.
balat’if o^JL (F/K/JJ) = butterfly. See belantik.
balav oJL f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: *kel (Zeb~>Bw)|
laundry; washing clothes: »Ez dd gime balavd
(Zeb) I will go do tbe laundry; -balav kirin (GF)
to wash clothes with running water; 2 ) bath,
bathing: *Bila bihet sere min bi§ot, evrok’e
Toja balava min e (JBl-A #29,106) Let her
come bathe me [lit. ’wash my head’], today is my
bath day. {also: balave (K); balaw (JBl-A); berav
(IFb- 2 /B); [balave] ofi> (JJ-G); <balav> oJL (Hej))
[Zeb/IFh/GF/Hej//JBl-A//K//JJ-G//B] <cil§o>
halave <L'JL (K) = laundry. See balav.
balcan (jGJL (GF/Krg/Klk) = eggplant; tomato. See
bacan.
balg’emk J^^JL (K) = bat (zool.). See barg’imok.
balgermek JL (A) = bat (zool.). See barg’imok.
balgimk ciL^JL(F)/balghmk (B) = bat (zool.). See
barg’imok.
balg’ix £pJL (K) = hilt of sword. See balgiq.
balgiq f (-a; ). handle, hilt, haft (of sword) :
•Balgiqa §ftrd xo dide ’erdd (Z-3) He points
21
the hilt of his sword at the ground, {also: balg’ix
(K)) \syn: qebd) Cf. T balgak = ’guard of a sword
hilt’ [Z-3//K] <§ur>
balete <o'<JL f (). fruit (particularly grapes [AA]) in
the early stages of ripening, newly ripening fruit.
Cf solln II for a similar concept regarding
flowers. [Bw/IFb/OK/AA] <emi§ [1]; fiki; mewe>
balge L (SK) = pillow. See balgih.
balgeh (A)= pillow. See balgih.
balgih jbCli m. [E] (JB3)/f [W] Q. 1) cushion, pillow:
-Du sere ge nagine ser be’lgik! (Dz) Two
good heads don't rest [lit. go'] on one pillow ]prv.]\
2) support (fig.) (Sor). ( also: balagih; balge (SK);
balgeh (A); balgi, m. (K); balgiv; be’lgi, m.
(F/Dz/EP/B); ballf; bali§ (B-2); [balghi jSb/balff
c-aJb] (JJ); <balgiv dLpl /balge[h] *dL/balgok
Jj&l> (HH)) {syn: balif) ?<bal I = near’ + guh
=’ear\ cf. Fr oreiller < oreille = 'ear' & Rus poduska
no^yuiKa < pod no^i = under' + ukho yxo = ’ear’
[M. Schwartz: by popular etymology from form
like P balis?]; O Ir *barzis-; Av barazis-; P balis
(JJIj = cushion, pillow'; Sor balif <JlJI = ’arm rest,
cushion'; Za ba§na f (Todd) & balisna (Lx) =
’pillow’; see: Haoma , §252 ff., pp. 138-40.
[BX/K/JB3//F/B//JJ//HH//A//SK] See also balif.
balgi ^JL, m. (K) = pillow. See balgih.
balgiv oLflL = pillow. See balgih.
balican ^GJL (Kmc-2) = eggplant; tomato. See bacan.
baling f. (). hole on either side of a man’s
berguz (traditional Kurdish baggy trousers) at waist
level: -balinget pe§me (Zeb) do. {also: balingk
(Bw)) [Zeb//Bw] <berguz>
balingk L. (Bw) = (pocket) hole of baggy trousers.
See baling.
balif oUl> m. (). pillow, cushion, {also: [balif]
(JJ)) i syn : balgih) Cf. Sor balif oLJL — arm rest,
cushion’ [K/A/JJ] See also balgih.
baliluk (Czr) = type of sandwich. See balolk.
bali§ L (B) = pillow. See balgih.
balk’e§ adj. interesting. < bal II = 'mind, etc.' +
k’e§ = 'to draw' [(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF] <bi sebr>
balkon (jg )L (B/IFb) = balcony. See palkon.
balok (Wn) = type of sandwich. See balolk.
balolk JUjJL f. ( type of sandwich, "wrap" [T
durum]. | also: baliluk (Czr); balok (Wn)) {syn; hog)
[Elk/Dh/IFb//Wn//Czr]
balt’e m. (). axe, hatchet: *Desp§ kir bi
balt’e dar birin (Dz) He began to cut down trees
with an axe. {syn: bivir; tevir [ 1 ]) <T balta —>Ar
baltah *kJL [F/Dz/K/B]
baltuz (Haz) = sister-in-law. See baltflz.
baltflz/balt’flz [B] f (-a;-§). sister-in-law [pi.
sisters-in-law], (a married man's) wife's sister:
•Baltuze min kegeki pir bedewe (Haz) My
sister-in-law is a very pretty girl, {also: baltuz (Haz);
balt’uz (B); [baldouz] (JJ); <baltuz>
(HH)) {syn: di§ [1]} < T baldiz [Haz/F/K/B/HH//JJ]
<cayi; di§; jinbira; jint’i II>
baluk Jj #JL (Qzl/K/B/JJ/GF) = wart. See belaluk II.
balur (FJ) = wart. See belalflk II.
balyoz m. ( ). ambassador, {also: bayloz
(K/A/GF- 2 ); [balioz] js-JL (JJ)) < It bailo/balio; Sor
balyoz [VoA/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//K/A]
balyozxane /. ( ). embassy, {also
Y
baylozxane (K/A/GF)) Sor balyozxane
[VoA/IFb/GF/TF//K/A]
bami§t /. (). snowstorm, blizzard, {syn; bager
[ 2 ]; bakuzirk) [Haz/IFb/GF] <bager; bahoz;
barove>
ban I qI (JB1-S/GF) = call; call to prayer. See bang,
ban II qL m. (-e; ben, vi bani). roof: •Qiza wi
li ser bane qesre rflni§t (L) His daughter sat on
the roof of the palace, {also: [ban] (JJ); <ban> jL
(HH)) {syn: sit’ar [1 ]) Cf. P bam Sor ban =
'top sided, rooftop, surface, plateau’
[Z/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/Haz]
bancan (GF) = eggplant; tomato. See bacan.
bandor jjjjL (IFb/GF) = influence. See bandar,
bandflr /bandflr J33 jc>L [K] f (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn:
eger II; t’esir) influence, effect: *Ew meriki bi
bandflre (K) He is an influential person
•Nikarin te ji bin bandflra min derinin (FK-
eb- 2 ) They won’t succeed in removing you from
my influence; -avitin (B)/kirin bin bandflra
xwe (K) to bring s.o. under one’s influence, to
influence s.o.: •Hema Iskender p’ad§atike
ba§ dikir, giqas dua’ 1§ dor§ hebfln, gi§k
kire bin bandflra xwe (EH) Iskender ruled well,
he was able to bring under his influence anyone
who had been undecided [?]; -k’etin bin
bandflra fk-§ (K/B) to be or fall under s.o.’s
influence, to be influenced or affected by s.o.; 2 )
subordination, submission; 3) person, individual,
22
personage (B); 4) yoke (GF). (also: bandor (IFb-
2/GF-2); bendur (B/F))
[FK-2/EH/K/IFb/GF/TF//B/F//OK]
bang Jjb m. (-e; ). 1 ) call, shout[ing], yell[ing], cry:
-bang kirin (RZ) a) to shout, yell, call ( syn: gazi
kirin): »Qundir ban bave xwe kir (L) The
gourd called to its father; b) to invite; 2) (Islamic)
call to prayer, muezzin's chanting from the minaret
of a mosque (SK): -bang dan (SK/JJ-G)/~ kirin
(JJ) to call to prayer: •Nimge melayek li Akre
hebti ... penc wext§ niweje bang dida (SK
15:145) There was once a rather mediocre mullah
in Akre ... he would give the call to prayer at the
five times of prayer; -bange 'ey§a (JBl-A/OK)
evening call to prayer; -bange mexrib (OK)
sunset call to prayer: •Subey zu fieta bange
mexreb dest§ wi betal nedibu li mi'amile
(M-Ak #652, p.294) From morning until the
[sunset] call to prayer he used to bave no respite
from business; -bange spede (OK) dawn call to
prayer; 3) singing, crowing (of rooster) (B/JJ-G/GF).
{also: ba III (PS-I); ban I (L/JBl-S/GF-2); [bank] Jib
(JJ)} Cf. P bang Jib = 'cry, clamor'; Sor bang Jj b =
'call (esp. to 5 ritual prayers), invitation,
declaration’; Za veng m. = 'voice' (Mai). See bang
in: I. Gershevitch. “Iranian Words Containing -an-,’’
C.E. Bosworth (ed.). Iran and Islam : In Memory of
the Late Vladimir Minorsky (Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 1971), pp. 279-85; reprinted in
his Pliilologia Iranica , ed. N. Sims-Williams
(Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 1985),
pp. 249-55.[L/JBl-S//K/A/IFb/B/JBl-A/SK/GF/
TF/OK//JJ/HH]
bangerdan J^Sb (GF) = roof-roller. See bagirdan.
bani I^b adv. up: -bani k’etin = to climb up,
ascend: »Bi derenca re bani ket (L) He
climbed up the stairs {also: bala] [L/BX/A/JB3]
bani Il^b m./f.(B) (; /-ye), l) Isj'ii: g’iya] mountain,
hill: -g’iya bani (B) mountains and valleys;
-de§t u bani (EP- 8 ) hill and dale: •T’ari
k’etibft ser de§t ft baniya (EP- 8 ) Darkness fell
across the plains and mountains ('over hill and
dale'); 2 ) plateau on a mountain top (JJ). [also:
[bani] ^b (JJ)) [EP- 8 /K/B/JJ] <diyar II; gir II>
banin ^b (A/IFb) = to grow used to. See 1@ banin.
banqanot ojpUib(Qm§/Wn) = paper money. See
baqnot.
banz yb f. Q. 1 ) \syn: firqas; lotik) jump, leap: -banz
dan = to jump, spring. See bazdan; 2) running
(A) , {also: baz 11; [banzdan] (JJ)) [J/K/A/B/JJ]
<pengizin>
bapir ^ob m. (). grandfather; old man. {also: bavpir
(B) ; [bapir/ bab pir/ ba pir] (JJ); <bapir> (HH)}
{syn: kalik) [AB/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH/SK/Msr//B]
<dapir>
baq I (jb m. (-§/ ; ). l) handful: »Baqe niskane
(Dz) It's a handful of lentils; 2 ) bouquet: *Memo f
mi du baq gul kifine, yek sor e, yek zer e,
fieyran, eze wan Kerdu gulan ya sor destd
min e rastiye, ya zer min e gepi ye (MC-l,
#153) Memo, I have bought two bouquets of
flowers, one is red, one is yellow; the red ones are
in my right hand, the yellow ones in my left hand.
I also: [baq] ^b (JJ)) <Ar baqah £>b
[MC-l/Dz/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/TF]
baq II (jb (HB) = frog. See beq.
baqnot oj^'b f. (Ag/Qzl/Drk)/m.(Btm/Qm§/Qtr-E) Q.
(Turkish) lira, paper money, banknote, {also:
banqanot (Qm§/Wn); baxnot (Msr- 2 ); panglot (Ms)}
< Eng banknote [Msr//Qm§/Wn//Qtr-E//Ms] <p’ere
I>
bar I jb m. (-e; b5r [BK/K], vi bari). load, burden:
-bar kirin = a) to load up: »Mal bar kirin,
gun zozanan (AB) They packed up their homes
[=tents] and went to the summer pastures; b) to
wind (a clock) [cf. Ar ‘abba'a II L* = 'to load, to
wind (clock)’] {syn: badan). {also: [bar] jb (JJ); <bar>
jb (HH)) Cf. P barjb; Sor bar jb = 'load, child in
womb'; Za bar m. = 'burden, worry’ (Mai); Hau bar
m. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK/BK]
bar II jb f (- a; ). river bank, {also: <bar> jb (HejJ)
[syn: kevi I[2]} = Sor diw^» j [Bw/Zeb/Hej] <g’em>
baran jb f. (-a;-§). 1 ) 1 syn: §ili ) rain: -barana
berfe = snowfall; -barana gur (B) driving or
pouring rain; 2) heavy rainstorm (Ag); 3)
precipitation in general, consisting of gill [rain],
berf [snow], & §ilope [mixed rain & snow] (M§).
iaiso; [baran] jljb (JJ); <baran> q )jb (HH)} [Pok 9.
au(e)-/aued-/auer- 78ff.] 'to wet, moisten, flow’ -->
[c) auer- 80.] 'water, rain, river' —>[l. ugr-/uer- 80.]:
Skt varl f.pl. = 'streams, rivers'; Av War pres . stem
vara-/varaiia- = 'to rain' & var- m. = 'rain'; P baran
23
q) jL; Sor baran q\ jb; Za varan m. (=yaxer) (Todd);
Hau waran m. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK/Ag]
<berf; kevlu [ 1 ]; §ili>
baraz jljb (HB) = pig. See beraz.
barber (F) = barber. See berber I.
barg’imok Xj^.jb f. (-a; ). bat (flying mouse), zool.
Chiroptera. ) also: bagarmik (Mr§); bagermok
(IFb/Mzg); balg’emk (K); balgermek (A); balgimk
(F); balg’imk (B); bergem (A- 2 ); pargemk (GF);
pelgimok (Qzl); pirgemek; [barcemik] XL^jb (JJ))
{syn: gekgekile; gil II; pirgemek; §evrevink;
§ev§evok)
[Wn/JJ//IFb/Mzg//Mr§//K//F/B//A//GF//Qzl] See
also pirgemek.
bargir (Zeb/JJ) = horse. See bergir.
barin I ^jb vi. (-bar-), to rain, precipitate, fall
lrain, snow) : • Baran dibare = It's raining
•Berf/befir dibari (Bg) = It's snowing «§ili
dibari (Bg) = It’s raining, j also: [barin] ^jb (JJ))
[Pok 9. au(e)-/aued-/auer- 78ff.] 'to wet, moisten,
flow’ —>[c) auer- 80.] 'water, rain, river' — >[ 1 . uer-
/uer- 80.]: Av War pres. stem vara-/varaiia- = 'to
rain'; P baridan <jAj u l>; Sor barin ^jb; Za vareno
[varayi§] (Todd); Hau waray (war-) vi. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ] cbaran; berf; §ili>
barin II ^jb vi. (-bar-). 1 ) to bleat; to low, moo
(M/K/B/A); 2 ) to roar, howl; to bawl, yell (K/B).
[M/K/B/A] <k’alin; mikin> See also borin I.
barove XfL>b /. (). storm of rain and wind, (syn:
bager; bahoz; t[’]ofan [ 2 ]) [Bw/GF/OK] cbakuzirk;
bami§t>
bars ().l) swarm, the swarming of bees (IFb); 2)
{syn: zeyi [2] (Haz)) for bees to leave one beehive
and enter another one (Mzg). <W Arm bars/E Arm
pars ujmpu = 'hive or swarm of bees' [Mzg/IFb]
chingiv; me§[a hingiv]; §ilxe; zeyi>
barud j^jb (K/A) = gunpowder. See barut.
barudpij jj^b (A) = gunpowder maker. See
bartitptij.
barut o^jb f. (-a;-e). gunpowder: *[ti dayim gule
bartidti zaf digel xo hildigrin] (BN 136)
And they always take a great deal of bullets and
gunpowder with them, {also: barud (K-2/A);
[barout] ojjb (JJ); <barut> ojjb (HH)) {syn: tez)
< Gr pyritis mjpixig = ’gunpowder’ < Gr pyr rrup =
’fire’: T barut & Ar barud j 3J b & P barut ojjb; Sor
barut o^jb [BN/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//A]
barutpej m. (). gunpowder maker, [also:
barudpij (A); barutpij (K); [barout-pyj] jjojjL (JJ))
[BN/IFb//K/JJ//A]
barutpij jpo^jb (K) = gunpowder maker. See
bartitpej.
barxan«e «oLi.jb /. (*a; ). 1 ) load, burden; baggage:
•Kefo barxane barkir, t 5 efdb]ira xulama ji
dit, hate ber diwana ’Emer axa. Wti dere
barxana xwe dani (FK-kk- 1 ) Kerro loaded up
the baggage [or, the animals], took charge of the
servants too, [then] came to the divan of Emer
Agha. There he set down his load; 2 ) storage place
for loads; baggage compartment; pantry, larder; 3)
beasts of burden on which baggage is loaded,
caravan (HH). {also: <barxane> <olijb (HH)) Sor
bar-u-barxane AiU-jb^b = ’caravan generally] of
belongings of a single merchant or traveller,
baggage-train (mil.)’ [FK-kk-l/K/A/IF/HH/JBl-A/
GF]
basiq b (Krb/GF) = thiu sheet of dried apricot. See
bastiq.
bask «XX m. (-e; ). 1 ) {also: bazik (K-2)} {syn: p’er [1
&2]; p’urt) feather, plumage; wing: •Teyre go li
ezmana re difirin, ez baskti wan diqusinim
(L) I pluck out the feathers of birds that fly in the
skies; -kesek hildan bin baskti xwe (B) to take
s.o. under one's wing; 2 ) (syn: mil; pil) arm (from
fingers to shoulder ); 3) wrist (Ak/GF). {also: [bask]
«XX (JJ); <bask> d-X (HH)) [Pok. bhaghu-s 108.]
'elbow, shoulder’—>*bheAgu-: Sktbahu m. ; Parth
bazuk —> W Arm pazug/E Arm bazuk pmqmlj; P
bazu 3 jb; Sor bask <X*vb = 'arm, wing, side, low
ridge, mountain spur’ & bazu = ’arm’ & bahu =
'upper arm'; Za bazi m. = 'forearm; shin' (Todd);
Cf. Parth b’zwr [bazur] = 'wing'; Gr pekhys rrf|}gug =
’forearm; measure of length = 2 ft., or 25-30 in.';
Tokharian pok—>Khotanese Saka pok = 'cubit'; Eng
bough. For verbal root see: Martin Schwartz.
“Hospitalities and Formalities (VWAZ, VBRAZ),”
in: Iranica Varia: Papers in Honor of Professor
Ehsan Yarshater [Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1990), p. 205
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <bazin>
basteq (K/A/B) = thin sheet of dried apricot. See
bastiq.
bastex £~-X (B) = thin sheet of dried apricot. See
bastiq.
24
bastiq ^^b (AD) = thin sheet of dried apricot. See
bastiq.
bastiq ^b f./m.(K/A/AD) ( ;-§/). thin sheet
of sun-dried apricot or other dried fruit pulp
eaten as a confection, dried and pressed fruit
roll (T pestilf. {also: basiq (Krb/GF- 2 ); basteq
(K/A/B); bastex (B-2); bastiq (AD)) {syn: g’ir)
Cf. W Arm basdel iqiuuinhq ; Za bastex, m.
(Mai) [Krb//Frq/GF//K/A/B//AD]
ba§ JlL adj. good. [also: <ba§> j;b (HH)} {syn: ge;
qenc; find; xwe§) Cf. Sor ba§ ^b (ba§i; ba§iti)
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH/SK)
ba§er (K). See ba§ir.
ba§ewal Jlj<u;b (Frq/K) = not wearing underpants. See
ba§ewala.
ba§ewala Yb^b adj. not wearing underpants, {also:
ba§ewal (Frq/K); ba§wala (Lab)) Sor be§ewal
[Qzl/Ptn//Frq/K] <derpe>
*ba§ikan jbbiL: -tiliya ba§ikan (IF) pinkie, little
finger, {syn: qilig’k/tiliya qilig’ke; Filiya g’uk (B);
[tellye pecuk] (JJ-PS)l [IF]
ba§ir : -ba§ir kirin (L): a) to comprehend, grasp;
b) to be capable of doing something; to succeed in;
? to find, discover: •Ti§tek li dinyae ba§ir
nekir (L) But she found nothing [mais elle ne
trouva rien] {also: ba§er (K/B); [bacher kirin]
0J)l [L//K/B/JJ]
ba§i ^b f. (). goodness, {also: ba§iti (A)) [syn: gaki;
qenci) [K/IFb/TF/A]
ba§iq ^y^b (TF) = falcon. See ba§ok.
ba§iti (A) = goodness. See ba§i.
ba§ok Jub m.(Qzl)/f.(Btm/Ag/Wn) (). falcon,
predatory bird, zool. Falco. {also: ba§iq (TF);
ba§oke (IFb- 2 /GF/Qzl); ba§uke (IFb-2/OK)] {syn:
baz I] Sor ba§oke = 'kind of hawk’
[Haz/IFb/Btm/Ag/Wn//TF//GF/Qzl//OK] <elih:
kurt II; sisalk; xertel>
ba§oke *5^b (IFb/GF/Qzl) = falcon. See ba§ok.
ba§or ^b (GF/OK) = south. See ba§tir.
ba§qe adj. separate; different: «Aqub Meyane
ot’axeke ba§qeda cl kir (Ba3-3, #7) Jacob
lodged Meyaneh in a separate room; -ba§qe-ba§qe
(Ba 2 ) various and sundry: •Qaxe wana pez ji
qirbtin@ xilaz dikir yan@ ji ji deste cerd§
derdixist sax silamet vedigefande
gund, serhatiyed ba§qe-ba§qe ser wana ge
dikirin (Ba2:l, p.204) When they rescued the
sheep from destruction or snatched them from the
clutches of brigands and returned them safe and
sound to the village, they made up a variety of
stories about them, {also: [bashqa] aa£ 1> (JJ-PS)} <T
ba§ka [Ba3/F/K/A/IFb/B//JJ] <din I>
ba§tir _^b adj. better, {syn: getir) [] <ba§>
ba§uke ^J^b (IFb/OK) = falcon. See ba§ok.
ba§iir f./m. (-a/-e; ). south: »Li ba§Hr@
Kurdistane (Rw§) In the south of Kurdistan [=in
southern Kurdistan), [aiso: ba§or (GF/OK)) [syn:
cenub; jer [3]; ni§iv (Bw)| [K(s)/IFb/TF//GF/OK]
<hakur; ro[j]ava; ro[j]hilat>
bagwala YU-ib (Lab) = not wearing underpants. See
ba§ewala.
bati ^y'b m. (-ye; ). testicle(s). [aiso: batu (IFb); [bati]
(jib (JJ); <batu> jpb (Hej)l {syn:gun; helik;*pilik
(Wn)| Sorbatu^b [Qzl/GF//JJ//IFb//Hej] critil II>
batman I jbjb /batman jLLb [SK/JBl-A] f. (). unit
of weight : varying between 2 and 10 kg; 7.77 kg
in Van (SK); 8 kg (MB); 16 kg in Amadiya (JB1-A):
•Ji Stembole min guhark’ekS kiriye guh! ji
batmaneke, xeleqa we du min e, nala
aseni (JBl-A, #139) In Istanbul I put in his ear an
earring that weighed a batman, the hoop of which
is two maunds, shaped like a horseshoe, {syn: fitil
I) Cf. T batman = ’formerly, weight varying
between 2 and 8 okas (2.5-10 kg)’; NA batman
y^ts^i/batman f. = ’a maund or batman, a
weight of various kinds. The usual
Urmi batman is about 32 lb. avoirdupois ,=8
haptas=3,200 misqals, one-tenth of a load. The
grocer’s batman, for weighing sugar, medicine,
tobacco, etc. is one-fifth of the above, being 640
misqals; the goldsmith's batman is 64 misqals'
(Maclean) [MB/K//SK/JB1-A/OK] <min II; ritil I>
Batman II <jbjb f. (). town [originally called Elifie]
formerly in province of Siirt, but as of May 1990
separate province in Kurdistan of Turkey; village
of the Be§iri (tribe), and of a splendid bridge in its
vicinity (HH). {also: <betman> j (HH))
[IF/A//HH]
batmi§ jb: -batmi? bfln (K/B): a) to be ruined,
destroyed (lit. & fig.) {syn: hilwegin); b) to be
disgraced: ‘NevyS te hela zartinin, serd neh-
deh Heva §kenandine, sive mezin bivin,
lexin, we roje yek-dudu bikujin, eze lap
batmi§ bivim (FK-kk-1) Your grandchildren are
25
B_
still children [and] they have smashed in the heads
of nine or ten, tomorrow they will grow up, and
then they will kill one or two, [and] I will be
completely disgraced; -batmi§ kirin (K/B) to
destroy, annihilate { syn: hilwe§andin}: # Wana we
nava gar-pdnc deqada gund t’emam
bat 3 mi§kirana [sic] (Ba 2 :l, p.203) In 4-5 minutes
they would totally crush the village. <T batmi§ =
'having sunk' [Ba 2 /K/B]
batof op'b (IFb) = reddish-brown dye for cattle hides.
See batov.
batov Jip'b f ( ;-£). a plant which yields a reddish-
brown powder used in dyeing cattle hides, [also:
batof (IFb-2); botaf (TF); botav (Btm/A/IFb);
<batof> o^-Lb (HH); <batuv> «J*;b (Hej)}
[Qzl/GF//HH//Btm/A/IFb//TF] <soring>
batoz jyb (Frq) = threshing machine. See patoz.
batfty>b (IFb) = testicle(s). See bati.
baftsk JLjjL (IF) = yawn(ing). See bawi§k.
bav «Jb m. (-e;-£ [B]). father, [also: bab (JBl-A/A-
2/SK); baba (SK- 2 ); [bab v b/baw <Jb] (JJ); <bab>
vb (HH)} Cf. T baba; Sor bawk J^b (bavi; bavti;
[babi] ^b (JJ)} [K/A/JB3/B/JJ//JB1-A/HH/SK] <de I;
zifbav>
baver j<b'b (MK) = belief. See bawer.
baveri (B) = belief. See bawer.
bavir jL , m. (F) = axe. See bivir.
bavi ^'b f. ( ;-ye). fatherhood, [also: bavti (B); [babi]
cTW (JJ)} [K//B//JJ]
bavmari ^Li'b m. (). stepfather, [syn: zirbav (K)}
[JB3] <demari; zirdayik>
bavpir j^'b (B) = grandfather. See bapir.
bavti ^'b (B) = fatherhood. See bavi.
• •
bawar jl^b (B) = belief. See bawer.
bawari ^Ijb (B) = belief. See bawer.
bawer jojb f. (). belief, faith; confidence: -
bawer/bawir kirin (SK) to believe: *Eger tu
bawer naki, ko... (Ba) If you don't believe
that... [also: baver (MK); baveri (B-2); bawar (B- 2 );
bawari (B- 2 ); baweri (K-2/B/JB3); bawiri (SK);
[baveri] ^^b (JJ); cbawar kirin> (HH)} [syn:
ewle 1} Cf. Pahl vawar ( written vapar) & Pazand
vawar; P bavar ^b (Hiibsch #178^^ s ); Sor bawer
jojb/birwa [K/A/JB3/B//JJ//MK//HH//SK]
<bisteyi>
baweri ^^b (K/B/JB3/JJ) = belief. See bawer.
bawe§in ^y^ojb (K/A) = fan. See bawe§ink.
bawe§ing b (LM) = fan. See bawe§fnk.
bawe§ink J-c^b f. (-a;-§). fan, eventail (manual
device made of paper or feathers for creating cool
air current): *Ji bo ku bawe§inga wi kevn
nebe, bawe§ing§ li ba nake (LM, p.22) Lest
his fan wear out, he doesn't wave the fan. [also:
bawe§in (K-2/A); bawe§ing (LM); [bavechink
JjjLjb/bavechin c y-ijb] (JJ)} Sor bawe§en b
[LM//K/IFb/GF/AD//A/JJ] <p’erwane>
bawe§kandin jjjl&ojb (A) = to cause to yawn. See
bawi§kandin.
bawe§kin qJULojI (A) = to yawn. See bawi§kin.
bawiri ^^b (SK) = belief. See bawer.
• •
bawi§ik JLjL (A) = yawn(ing). See bawi§k.
bawi§in (-bawi§-) (M-Am) - to yawn. See
bawi§kin.
bawi§k ciLjjb f. ( ;-e). yawn, (fit of) yawning:
-bawi§k hatin (B)/~kirin (K)/~anin (IF) to
yawn: •Bawi§k tene wi (B) He yawns, [also:
bausk (IF-2); bawi§ik (A); bawi§k (B/K); [bavychk]
JLijb (JJ)} Sor bawe§k JL^b = wenews
^.Ooj/wenewz [IF/JJ//A//B/K]
bawi§kandin vt. (-bawi§kin-). to cause to
yawn, [also: bawe§kandin (A-2)} [A]
bawi§kin ^Slijbvj. (-bawi§k-). to yawn, [also:
bawe§kin (A); bawi§in (-bawi§-) (M-Am)} [syn:
henijin [2]} [IF//A//M-Am]
bawi ^b m.&f. (). 1) person suffering from
rheumatism, rheumatic: # Diya min nexwe§
ketiye ft bawi bftye (L-l #3, p.68, 11.10-11) My
mother has fallen ill and is suffering from
rheumatism •Salih Axa got: "Law@ min, tu
dikari heri ber pez?" Mihemed got: "Bel§
eze gima nikaribim? Ez ne ker im, ne kor
im, ne seqet im ft ne ez tawi me, ne ez
bawi me" (AW69B4) Salih Agha said, "My son,
can you herd sheep?" Mihemed said, "Sure, why
not? I'm neither deaf nor blind, nor crippled, I'm
neither feverish nor rheumatic"; 2) rheumatism.
See ba II. [also: [bavi] ^b (JJ)}
[Qm§/L/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/OK]
bawi§k d-iojb (B/K) = yawn(ing). See bawi§k.
bax £-b (EP-2) = garden. See bax.
baxge m. (-y§/bexg§; b§xge [BK], vi
baxgeyi). garden, [also: baxge (K/B); bexge, f.
(JB3); [bayche]. <^b (JJ)} (syn: bax) Cf. P bayce
*&b, dim. of bay yb ~> T bahge [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ]
26
baxgevan (A) = gardener. See baxvan.
baxnot opo-b (Msr) = lira. See baqnot.
bax§andin jjjU^b (K) = to forgive. See bex§andin.
bax§i§ (K) = tip; bribe. See bex§i§.
bax £b m. (-£; bex, vi baxi). garden, {also: bax
(EP-2); [bagh] £b (JJ)) {syn: baxge) Cf. P bay *b ~> T
bag [EP/K/B/JJJ
baxge <^l> (K/B) = garden. See baxge.
baxgevan ^jbc^b (K) = gardener. See baxvan.
baxvan q\A *L m. ( ; baxven/bexven, vi
baxvani). gardener, [also: baxgevan (A);
baxgevan (K-2); baxvangi (B- 2 ); bexgevan (JB3);
[bakcaci ^Aj^b / bagtche-van j^^pb/bagvan
<j1ji-L] (JJ)) [syn: cenan (AB); rezvan) Cf. P bayban
<jUb [F/K/B//JJ]
baxvangi ^^U^b (B) = gardener. See baxvan.
• •
haybun c j 33 -ob (B) = camomile. See beybun.
*bayis I Lr ^l> m. (). 1) reason, cause (F/K); 2) author,
initiator; culprit (F/K). {also: bais (F); ba‘is (SK))
< Arbahto^b [EP-7/K//F//SK]
*bayis II ^^ob adj. 1 ) miserable, wretched (K); 2 )
needy (K). < Ar ba’Is / ba’is ^Jb |K]
bayloz jybb (K/A/GF) = ambassador. See balyoz.
baylozxane 4 jU.jji»b (K/A/GF) = embassy. See
balyozxane.
*baysiz j^b m. (-e; ). 1 ) cause of disaster or great
misfortune; 2 ) culprit, perpetrator of disaster or
great misfortune: *Ez navime baisize xuna te
(FK-kk-l) I won’t be guilty of spilling your blood
[lit. 'I won’t become the culprit of your blood 1 ),
(a/so: baisiz (FK-kk-l)) [FK-kk-l//K/B]
baz I jb m. (-e; ). falcon, {also: baze (B); be’z II (FK-
eb-2); <baz> jb (HH)) {syn: ba§ok) Cf. P/Ar baz jb
[L/K/A/HH//B//FK-eb-2] <elih; kurt II>
baz II jb = jump. See banz.
bazandin ^jjljb (-bazen-) (HR-I) = to cause to run. See
bezandin.
bazar jljb f. (-a;-e). l) {syn: suk) market,
marketplace, bazaar: •Xanim, bazirganek
hatiye bazare (Ba3-1) My Lady, a caravan has
come to the marketplace; 2 ) haggling, bargaining,
trading, deal (HH): *Bazara me ne wilo bd
(JB 3 ) That's not what we agreed on; 3) [syn; Le’d;
Yek§em) Sunday (SC/Rh): -Roja bazarS (F)
Sunday, {also: [bazar] Jjb (JJ); <bazar> Jjb (HH))
Cf. P bazar jb -> T pazar
[K/A/JB 3 /B/JJ/HH/SK/Rh] <bajar>
baz*dan jtajb vt. (baz-d-J. 1 ) {syn: bezin) to run; 2 )
(syn: geng bun [geng III]; firqas kirin; lotik dan
xwe; pengizin) to jump: *PirS banz dide ser
xwe, dibe... (J) The old woman jumps up and
says... ; 3) [f.] running, flight (JB3). {also: banz dan;
[baz] jb (JJ); cbazdan ^bjb (baz dide)
(HH)) [K/A/JB3/JJ/HH] cbanz; bezandin>
bazeber jAjojb f.(Zeb)/m.(SK) (-a/ ; /-i). stepping-
stone: *Dibejin di nihaleki da riwiyek
hebu. Awek niw bo§ bi niweka nihale da
dihate xar. Bazeberek hebfi, riwi 16
derbaz dibtl her wexte Kez kiriba (SK 2:9)
They say that there was a fox (living) in a ravine. A
fairly full stream came down the middle of the
ravine. There were stepping-stones (across it) and
the fox crossed over whenever he liked. { cf. also:
[baz] jb (JJ)) [Zeb/SK] <bihur>
baze ^b (B) = falcon. See baz I.
bazin (jjb m.(Frq/Qzl)/f.(B/Mtk) (-e/ ;-a/-e). 1)
bracelet; 2) circle, {also: [bazin] ^jb (JJ); <bazin>
(jjb (HH)) Sor bazin jjb = ’bangle worn on wrist 1
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK/Bw] <bask; xirxal;
xi§ir>
bazirgan jlf^jb m. (-e; bazirgSn [EP/B]/bazirgin ■
[B], vi bazirgani). 1 ) merchant, businessman
(K/A/JB3/JJ/SK); 2) {syn: k’arvan) caravan
(Ba/K/B): *Bazirganeki giran (Ba) A heavy
(^loaded) caravan *Tofaneke mezin li
bazirgan radive, bazirgan t’emam cida
xerq dive xulam-xizmetk’arava (Ba3-3, #26)
A great flood engulfs the caravan, and the entire
caravan drowns on the spot, servants and all. {also:
[bazergan] (jlfjb (JJ); <bazirgan> ^l^jb (HH)) Cf. P
bazirgan (jlf,jb = 'merchant'; Sor bazirgan ^jlfjjb =
’draper, merchant’ [Ba/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/SK]
bazirganba§i ^Iplfjjb m. (). caravan leader. <
••
bazirgan + T ba§i = 'its head' [Ba/B] <k’arvan>
bazibend jj^jb m. (). armlet: *Eve bazibendek
lali te: eker te kig bti, bo bifiro§e, lieta ew
kig mazin tbitin tera mesrefa we heye (M-
Ak #645, p.292) Here is an armlet for you to keep:
if you bear a daughter, sell it for her and until the
girl grows up there is enough for her expenses
• WextS rtls kir, zabiti dit bazibendek ya
bi mil§ rastSve. fialen hema xo da pa§,
dest§ xo li ser ek.da na (M-Ak #677, p.306)
When he was stripped, the officer saw an armlet on
his right shoulder. Immediately they all retreated,
placing their hands one upon the other {in
homage). { also: bazubend (K); [bazou-bend] j^jb
CJJ)) Cf. P bazuband juL^jb; Sor bazubend
[M-Ak//K/JJ] <bazin>
bazubend jj^jb (K/JJ) = armlet. See bazibend.
be’can jl^aq (Kzl) = eggplant; tomato. See bacan.
bed (B) = bustard. See bet.
bedbe§er adj. in bad spirits, in a bad mood:
•Iskender, lao, tu gima bedbe§er buy! (EH)
Iskender my boy, why are you in such bad spirits?
< bed = 'bad' + be§er = ’mood’ [EH] <be§er I>
bedel J ( ;-e). l) replacement, substitute,
equivalent, exchange: *§ex Muhemmed Siddiq
got, "Fi-I-heqiqe ’adete ’e§ireti weto ye,
emma 'edaweta hingo do cihet hene. Yek
'e§ireti ye, bila ew ’e§ireti bit. Yek §exsi
ye, bila ew bi tole bit. Cihete ’e§ireti we
ye, meret Zebariyan hatine ku§tin u meret
Sflrgiyan ji hatine ku§tin h ji her do
'e§iretan ji talan hatine birin. Ewane be
redd u bedel bin” {SK 50:542) Shaikh
Muhammad Siddiq said, "Certainly this is the tribal
custom, but your enmity has two causes. One is
tribal, let that be settled tribally. One is personal
and that must be (settled) by a fine. The tribal cause
is this, that both Zebari and Surchi men have been
killed and plunder has been taken from both tribes.
Let these matters go unrequited [lit., 'be without
response or exchange’]"; -bedel kirin (Bw) to
change, exchange (syn: degi§ kirin; guhartin); 2 )
[prep.] in exchange for: *0 ji terefe Kukomete
j! emrek! xusos! bo muliafeza te de dem e
teEsil kirin. U bedel wihe mezinet Rekani
deh-yeka Easilate xo her sal biden e min
(SK 61:743) And I will have a special order
promulgated by the government for your
protection. And in exchange for that, let the chiefs
of the Rekani give me one-tenth of their crops
every year, [also: [bedel] Jjq (JJ); <bedel> Jjq
(HH)} < Ar badal Jjq = ’substitute, replacement’
[Bw/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK]
bedelnav *jUoj«q m. (-e; ). pronoun: -bedelnave
eleqetiy& (B) relative pronoun (i.e., ko);
-bedelnave* ni§ankirin§ (B) demonstrative
pronoun (i.e., ev & ew). {syn: cmav; pronav) <Ar
badal Jjq = ’exchange, replacement’ + nav = ’name,
noun’ [(neol)B]
bedem (B) = almond. See behiv.
beden I ^ojq f. (-a;-e). city wall, enclosure,
rampart: •Mem.e delal wexta zengE li Bor
xuriya, Bor nola teyra ser beden§ra firiya
(Z-l) When darling Mem spurred Bor [his horse]
on, Bor flew over the wall like a bird, {also:
[beden] ^jq (JJ)) [svn: sur I; §ure)
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/JJ/Dy]
beden II £(K/B)/m.(JB3/SK) (-a /;-§/). 1 ) {syn:
gewde; la§) body; 2 ) torso, trunk (B). j also:
<beden> jjq (HH)) <Ar badan jjq —> T beden
[K/A/JB3/B/SK] cberat’e [l]; cendek>
bedew jojq adj. 1) Isymcindi; ciwan; gurci; k’ele§ III;
spelii; xwe§ik) pretty, beautiful, handsome;
beautiful, magnificent (of horses) (J)): *Ser w!
kulilked Kemu renga ft cdra he§in dibdn,
g’iya usa bedew dibu, meriv fire xaliga
Xuftistane ser wi raxistine (Ba2:l, p.202)
On it [=Mount Dumanlu) flowers of all colors
and types would grow, the mountain was so
beautiful, people thought that Khurasani rugs
had been spread out over it; 2 ) (syn: gurc I[ 2 ];
husulcemal) ]m./£] a handsome man or beautiful
woman, [also: [bedeou 3 jq/bedevi ^jq] (JJ)} <Ar
badawl ^jq = ’Bedouin’ —>T bedevi at = ’Bedouin
horse’ (large, fine breed of horse) (bedew!; bedewti;
bedewati; bedewayi} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/J)/GF/TF/OK]
bedewati ^'bojq (Ba3) = beauty. See bedewti.
bedewayi ^ tjoj«q (B) = beauty. See bedewti.
bedew! (K/JB3/B/GF/TF/OK) = beauty. See
bedewti.
bedewti f. (-ya;-ye). beauty: # Bi
bedewtiya Osib, bi §ewqa dindara wi
g’eve wi sax dibe (Ba) From Joseph's beauty,
from the lustre of his countenance, his (=Jacob’s)
eyes become whole (or, well), [also; bedewati
(Ba3); bedewayi (B); bedew! (K/JB3/B-2/GF/TF/
OK)) [syn: spehiti) [Ba/A//K/JB3/GF/TF/OK//B]
<bedew>
bedhal JG-jq adj. sick, unhealthy, in bad shape.
[syn: nexwe§) (bedhal!) [EP/K/B]
bedBali ^G. j<q f. ( ;-y£). being sick, unhealthy, in
••
bad shape; poor health. [K/B] <bedhal>
bedilg’ek f.(K)/m.(L) ( /-e; ). change of
clothes: •...Kegelok §and hemamd, hemami§
kir, bedlikgeke minasib le kir (L) They sent
Bald Boy to the bathhouse, bathed him, and
dressed him in a proper change of clothes, {also:
bedlikgek (L)) \syn: ber§o) [L//K]
bedilhewa (B) = in vain. See badihewa.
bedlikgek (L) = change of clothes. See
bedilg’ek.
be'ecin (B) = to be exhausted; to sob; to get
angry. See bihecin.
befir (B§k/Zx) = snow. See berf.
befr (SK) = snow. See berf.
befri f. (-ya; ). snow shovel, {also: befrik
(IFb/OK)} |srn: berfmal) Sor befr*mal JL -
’snow-shovel’ [Bw//IFb/OK] <berf>
befrik JL>«ju (IFb/OK) = snow shovel. See befri.
bef§ m. (-e; bev§ [B]). reed (on a loom),
conib-shaped wooden part of weaving loom which
opens the threads to let the shuttle pass through:
-bef$e tevn§ (Wn/Elk) do. {also: bev§ (IFb-2/B)}
Sor bew§ j = 'reed for beating up weft (loom)'
[Wn/Elk/K/IFb/GF/FJ//B] <hepik; pijik; t’evn>
beg m. Q.l) bey, feudal lord, country gentleman;
VIP; prince; "Khan and beg are originally feudal
titles bestowed upon paramount chieftains of the
tribe. They are usually added to the name, e.g.,
'Ali Khan', ’Rasul Beg’. They have gone out of use
now, with the feudal roles to which they belonged.
... The term 'beg’ was often employed for
urbanized Kurds with administrative positions who
were at the same time absentee landlords [from:
Martin van Bruinessen. Agha , Shaikh and State :
The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan
(London: Zed Books, 1992), pp. 80-81]: see also
axa for distinctions between beg and axa : •Her
§exek ft her axayek ft her begek nabit
pad§ahek bit, ft gawa ftez biket weto digel
re‘iyeta begare biket (SK 56:654) Every shaikh
and agha and beg cannot be a king and do as lie
pleases with the hapless peasantry # §ex u beg ft
axa zor bo hale xo u menfe‘ete zatiye xo
zana ft §eytan in, emma re c iyet zor begare
ft nezan ft weh§i ne (SK 56:655) The shaikhs
and begs and aghas are very wise and cunning in
looking after their own case and their personal
profit, but the peasantry are quite hapless and rude
and ignorant; 2) {syn; *as; *bili (Bw); *yekli (Wn)j
ace (in card games) (Qzl). {aiso: begler (K-2/Ba2);
[beg] JL (JJ); <bek> JL (HH)) [Pok. 1. bhag- 107.]
’to share out, apportion; also, to get a share': cf. Skt
bhaga- = 'dispenser (of good fortune)’; OP baga- =
’god’ (Kent); —>T beg—>beg -->bey {begayeti;
begiti; begi; begiti; begti) [HB/K/A/F/JB1-
A/JB2/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/ Qzl//Ba2//HH] <axa;
birez>
begayeti f (). condition of being a bey or
feudal lord, {also: begiti (HB/IFb); begi (K-2); begiti
(K-2); begti (K/B); <begiti> (HH))
[IFb//HB//K/B//HH] <beg>
begem : -begem kirin (MK/B): 1) {syn:
’ecibandin; k’ef hatin) to like; to please: # Cav dan
Al p’a§a, weki Meme kesek begem nekir
(FK-eb-1) They told Al pasha that Mem didn't like
any of them; 2) to approve of (B/JJ); 3) to
acknowledge, admit, recognize (B); 4) (syn:
‘ecibandin [2]) to choose, {also: [beghen kirin]
cA OT)) < T begenmek= 'to like'
[MK2/Ag/K/B//JJ]
begemi f. (-ya;-ye). approval: -begem!
« •
dayin (B) to approve of, express approval of: *Ew
begemya xwe didine cotk’ar ft derbaz
dibin digin (Dz) They express their approval to
the farmer and continue on their way. [Dz/B]
begiti (HB/IFb) = condition of being a bey (feudal
•*
lord). See begayeti.
begi (K) = condition of being a bey (feudal lord). .
••
See begayeti.
begiti ijzJ *j (K) = condition of being a bey (feudal
lord). See begayeti.
hegler j+lf+j (K/Ba2) = Mr.; bey. See beg.
begti (K/B) = condition of being a bey (feudal
lord). See begayeti.
begzade m. (). 1) nobleman, son of a lord or
beg (JJ); son of a prince, of princely birth (K); 2)
{syn: mirt’ib) nomadic 'Bohemians’ who sing and
dance (JJ); musician (EP-4); Gypsy: •Rok§ nih§ri,
bengzade, mirtiv, we hema p£ k’etine (EP-
4) One day he saw that musicians, Gypsies,
suddenly appeared; 3) [adj.] { also: bengizade (K)}
deeply in love (K). {also: bengzade (EP-4);
[bekzade] oj)j£ (JJ)} [EP-4//K/JJ) <sazbend>
beh (GF/OK/AA) = quince. See bih.
behe§t (A/OK/GF) = paradise. See bihu§t.
belie (IFb) = quince. See bih.
behir (IFb) = portion. See behr I.
29
behi§t (SB) = paradise. See bihu§t.
behitin ^ vi. (-behit-). 1) to blanch, become
white or pale, lose color, fade (M); 2) to be
bewildered or confused (IF). <Ar bahita = 'to
be bewildered, to fade' [M/IF] <beyin>
behi f. (-ya; ). condolence, comforting (upon
s.o.’s death): «Ez gume behiya filankesi (Bw)
I went to pay a condolence call on [the bereaved
family of] so and so. (syn: serxwe§i [2]; taziye [1]}
[Bw/Zeb/Elk] cbehidar; §in I>
behidar adj. bereft or bereaved [of], in
mourning, having suffered the loss of a loved one.
[Bw] <behi>
behif cJuaa j (A) = almond. See behiv.
behifterk Jj«\xjuaaj (A) = unripe almond. See
behivter.
behiv /. ( 1) almond; 2) cypress tree (K).
{also: badem (K); bahiv (OK-2/AA); bedem (B);
behif (A); be’iv (Haz); beyv; [beiv]jl> (JJ); <behif
oi^/be’iv (HH)| <0 Ir *vatama-
(MacKenzie: personal communication); Southern
Tati dialects: Ebrahim-abadi & Sagz-abadi veyma f
(Yar-Shater); P badam pi jL --> T badem; Sor bayef
= ’bitter-almond tree' (W&E) & bayef
OAjL/bayewjcuL = unripe, green almond’ (Hej) &
bawi = 'almond' (Arbil/Hej); Za vam /.
(Todd)/vame (Mai); Hau waham & bayem
[F/K/IFb/JB3/TF/0K//AA//A/HH//Haz//JJ]
<behivter>
behivok f. (). tonsil. { syn: gelale] =Sor alu
Jb [Kmc-3/IFb/OK] <argu§k>
behivtark JIjbJLfecy (TF) = unripe almond. See
behivter.
behivter (). unripe, green almond [T gagla].
( also : bahivterk (AA/Elk); behifterk (A); behivtark
(TF); behivterk (Xrz/Czr/Qm§/Qzl); cbehifter
Jai^/be’ivter^ki^> (HH)| {syn: giPin (Haz); gerih
(Frq); niv’in (Mtk))
[Btm/IFb//HH//TF//Xrz/Czr/Qm§/Qz]//A//AA/E)k]
<behiv>
behivterk (Xrz/Czr/Qm§/Qzl) = unripe
almond. See behivter.
behlftk (GF) = wart. See belalftk II.
behni§in (Bw) = to sneeze. See bdhnijin.
behr I f. (-a; ). portion, lot, part, share: «Ev ji
behra min e (L) That’s enough [food] for me
• [Wellahi behra min di wi pisti da ji heye]
(JR-1) By God, I have a share in that goatskin too!
[also: behir (IFb-2); behre (IFb); [behr] (JJ);
<behr> ^ (HH)) (syn:be§ I[2]; p’ay; pi§k)
[L/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
behr II _^a*j (K/JB3/F/IFb) = sea. See behr.
behre o_^ a<u (IFb) = portion. See behr I.
behs (K/IFb) = discussion. See beKs.
behvan ^Ua^ prn. so-and-so, what's-his-name:
•Filan hat, behvan gft (BX) So-and-so came,
what's-his-name left «Filan ft behvan (JB3) Mr.
so-and-so. {also: bevan (XF/K/B)! (syn: filan;
filankes) [BX/JB3/IFb/GF//XF/K/B]
behw*e 0> aaj f. (*a; ). balcony, (syn; palkon; telar)
<Ar bahw^ = 'hall, parlor, drawing room’ [Bw]
<bersifk>
behest (SK/M-Ak) = paradise. See bihu§t.
behr f. (-a;-e). sea, ocean: «Eze herim be’re
bi§ewtinim (Dz) I will go set the sea on fire
•Gemi li ser rftye be’ra dige (Z-2, 67) The
ship goes along the surface of the seas *Hildide
dige ber be’re (Dz) She takes it (picks it up) [and]
goes to the sea ; -Behra Wane (Wn) Lake Van.
{also: behr II (K/JB3/F-2/IFb); be’r VI (Dz/F/B);
[behr] ^ (JJ); <befir> (HH)) < Ar bahr ^
[Wn/K/JB3/IFb//JJ/HH/SK/GF//B/Dz/F]
behs ^* 0 .^ f.(Qzl)/ni.(Bw/Zeb/Hk) (-a/-e ;-§/).
discussion, talk: *Behse me ji mezin ft
mu'teberan niye (SK 54:582) We are not talking
[lit. 'Our discussion is not’] about great and
honoured men •Zemane ber§ Hekariyan
mirek hebft, gelek bi-aqil bft, nawe wi Mir
Sesen Beg bft. AxiwtinSt wi hemi mesel ft
i§aret ft nesihet bftn. Rojek[£] zistan bft, di
meclisa wida bft beHse gaki u xirabi ft
wefadari ft b£-wefaiya dostan ft xulaman
(SK 29:261) In former times the Hakaris had a Mir
who was very wise and whose name was Mir
Hasan Beg. His words were all proverbs and hints
and advice. One day in winter in his company
there was talk of the goodness and badness and
faithfulness and faithlessness of friends and
servants; -behsa (K/B/Qzl)/behs£ ft-i kirin
(SK/Hk/Zeb) to discuss, talk about stg {syn: qala ft-i
kirin): • Gelek caran bab£ min Sofi Sil£man,
rehmet li qebr£ wi bit, behs£ Xal Ehmed
rehmeti dikir (SK 8:81) Many a time my father,
Sofi Sulaiman, may mercy be on his grave, would
1
i
talk of the late Uncle Ahmad *Te zayenda
gotina "KAL/CTME' , y§ pirsiye. Ez dixwazim
raste rast behsa w£ biklm (Qzl) You have
asked about the gender of the word 'kalume'. I
want to talk directly about that, {also: behs (K/IFb);
be’s II (B-2/K-2); [behs] (JJ); <belis kirin
c (behs dike) Lr s*>)> (HH)} {syn: qal} <
Ar baht = 'search, examination, study,
research' --> T bahs-etmek = 'to discuss'; Sor bas
[Qzl/K/IFb//B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A]
beit (F) = verse. See beyt.
be’iv (Haz) = almond. See behiv.
bej j*\j f. Q. dry land, terra firma, land (as opposed to
sea), {also: [bejjp/beji c$ >;] (JJ); <bej> jj (HH)} Sor
bej joo = 'dry land' [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH] <’erd>
beji adj. l) {^avi 1} terrestrial, living on land
• »
(Msr); 2) [syn: deni 1} unirrigated, irrigated solely
by rainwater (of land) (HH). [Msr/K/A/IF/JJ/HH]
bejin (JB3/IF/F) = stature. See bejn.
bejinkurt (KS/JJ) = short. See bejnkurt.
bejinzirav «Jl(KS) = shapely. See bejnzirav.
bejn qjoj f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: qam[et]; qedqamet)
height, stature (of a person) : -bejn u bal, see
under bejnbal; 2) {syn: navteng) waist: -bejna
xwe giredan (K)/~girtin (JR) to gird o.s., put on
a (cartridge) belt, [also: bejin (JB3/IF/F); [bejin] (yp
(JJ); <bejn> (HH)) [Pok. bheregh- 140.] ’high’
-->*bhergh- --> proto-IE *bhergh-nu- ~-> proto-Ind-
Ir *bharzhnu- ->proto-Ir *barznu-; Av barasnu-;
Mid P basn = 'top, peak; stature; mane’ (M3); P
basn Za bejn f. = 'body (only for height
Y
references)' (Todd); cf. Sor bejn-u-bala =
'stature, waist' [K/A/B/HH/Ba2/JBl-A/JB2/
SK//JB3/IF/F/JJ] <bejnbal; bejnzirav>
bejnak -Jbjdu = someone. See bejnek.
bejnbal JLpjou f. (-a; ). appearance, looks: *Gava
g’eve we li Osib, Ii bejnbala wi u bedewya
wi dik’eve (Ba) When her eyes fell on Joseph, his
appearance and beauty, {also: bejn u bal (B)} [syn:
v
dilqe; qelafet; qilix 1} Cf. Sor bejn-u-bala =
'stature, waist' [Ba/K/A//B]
bejnbilind a-lL adj. tall of stature: *Memo
mereki bejnbilindi navmilfireyi demqemer
bd (Ba2:l, p.204) Memo was a man tall of stature,
broad shouldered, dark complected.
[Ba2/K/A/IFb/B] <qiq>
»
bejnek pm. someone, somebody: *Ji aliye
giy£ ve bejnak tS (L) from the direction of the
mountain someone is coming, [also: bejnak (L)l
[L/K] chinek [2]>
bejnkurt adj. short (of stature): •Bav§ wi
yeki bejinkurt bti (KS, p.53) His father was a
short fellow, [also: bejinkurt (KS); [bejin kourt]
o (JJ)I <bejn = 'stature' + kurt = 'short'
[KS/JJ//K]
bejn u bal (B) = appearance. See bejnbal.
bejnzirav ad;, shapely, svelte, well-
proportioned (of the human figure) (K); delicate
(BK/IF). [also: bejinzirav (KS); [bejin ziraw]
(JJ)} [BK/K/(A)/IF/B/JJ//KS]
bekirbegi adj . pattern of bergHz material :
white with thin black stripes. [Bw] <berguz>
Bekran jl(). name of a region bounded by Hazo
(Kozluk), Batman, and Feriqin (Silvan), in the
provinces of Siirt, Batman, and Diyarbakir,
inhabited by the Bekri tribe. [Haz]
Bekri cS ^v ()• name of a Kurdish tribe inhabiting the
••
region of Bekran (qv.). [Haz]
bel Jdu adj. erect, bristling, standing on end; pricked
up (of animal's ears); prominent; bulging: -bel
bun (SK) to bristle, stand up (of whiskers): *Gurg
ra-bo, got e riwi, "SimbelM min bel
bone?” Riwi got, ”Wato bel bone d§ beji
§axet mambizi ne” (SK 6:68) The wolf got up
and said to the fox, “Have my whiskers bristled?”
The fox said, “They’ve bristled so much you’d
think they were deer’s antlers”; -gube xwe bel
kirin (K/B) to prick up one’s ears, [also: <bel> Jj
(HH)} {syn: girj [3]; mig I; qi§t; qund; rep} Sor bel
Jdo = ’erect'; Hau bel (M4)
[SK/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK] <k’ol IV; taq; xez>
bel*a /. ( ;*aye/*£). misfortune, disaster,
catastrophe, calamity: *Hune me Ii belake
biqelibinin (L) You will drag us into a disaster; -
bela xwestin = to bring disaster, look for trouble:
•Carke B. neri suwarek ji we de te ft bel@
dixwaze (L) Suddenly B. saw a knight heading in
his direction, looking for a fight, {also: [bela] (JJ);
<bela> ^ (HH)} <Ar bala’ T bela
[L/K/JB3/JJ/B/SK]
bela II (Z-l/ Z-921/B) = scattered. See belav.
bela III Yu (L) = in order that. See bila.
belabok (Wr) = flier, circular. See belavok.
31
B
belaKtin vt. (-belefi-) (Haz) = to swallow. See
beli’andin.
belalilk I 444 f. ( sour cherry (fruit and
tree): •Qilog’e pezk’uvi dik’eve rane
Siyabend, wi li ser seri bi Sip’ane Xelate,
gil metroa bilinde, wi dixine, / Bi ser
kema belalukeva dixine (Z-4) The deer’s
antler goes into Siyabend’s thigh, he drops him
from the top of [Mount] Sipan of Akhlat, forty
meters high, / throws him onto the sharp branches
of the sour cherry tree, j also: [balaluk] 44 (JJ);
<belaluk> 44 (HH)) Cf. Sor belaluk
■v y
444/belaluk 444 = 'morello, small bitter
cherry'; P alu balu44 3 Jt = sour cherry’ & balu4b
= 'wart’ [Z-4/K/IF/JJ/HH] <gelaz>
belaluk II 444 £ ( he). wart, skin condition.
{also: babolek (QtrE/Slm); baluk (Qzl-2/K/B/GF-2);
balur (FJ); behluk (GF-2); [balouk] 4Jb/4Jb (JJ))
[QtrE/Slm//Qzl/A/GF/FJ//K/B/JJ]
belantik f. (-a; ). butterfly; moth, {also:
balat’if (F/K); belatink (GF); belbelitanik (IFb);
belbelitanik [A); [balatink /balatif UllL (JJ);
<belbelitanik> 43144 (HH)) { syn: fir fir ok;
p’irp’irok) [Bw//GF/JJ//F/K//IFb/HH//A]
belatink J44 (GF/JJ) = butterfly. See belantik.
belav *J4 adj. scattered, dispersed; widespread: -
belav kirin = to distribute, spread, disperse: «M.
... ga u qawa diwane beta dikir (Z-l) M.
would distribute (pass out) the tea and coffee to the
court [members]; -belav bdn = to disperse (vi.),
(be) adjourn(ed), break up (vi.) : •Sinota p’ad§e
@var§ beladibe dige (Z-921) The king's court
adjourns in the evening «[Weku §ere Rom fi
trane li de§ta Ale§kere buyi orduya Rome
revi ti. belav btlyi] (JR #39,120) When the
Turco-Iranian war took place on the plain of
Ele§kirt, the Turkish army was routed and
dispersed, {also: bela II (Z-l/Z-921); belaw (SK);
[belaw (kirin)] (J'4 (JJ); <belav Jbb/bela 4>
v
(HH)) Sor biiawj4 = 'extended, scattered'; Hau
wela (M4) [Z-l/B/ /K/A/JB3/JJ/HH//SK] <berfireh>
belavok 444 £ flier/flyer, circular,
pamphlet (intended for mass distribution) : «Di
7.10.92an de belavokek li Kurdistane ft li
Ewrftpa bi s§ zimanan hate belavkirin, ew
belavok belavoka damezirandina Eniya
Serxwebtin d Azadiya Kurdistane bd (Wit
1:37, p.3) On 7/10/92, a flyer was distributed in
Kurdistan and in Europe in three languages; that
flyer was the flyer [announcing] the founding of the
Front for the Independence and Freeing of
Kurdistan. { also: belabok (Wr)}
[(neol)Wr//Wlt/IF/TF]
belaw^4 (SK) = scattered. See belav.
belbelitanik 444^ (IFb/HH) = butterfly. See
belantik.
belbelitanik (A) = butterfly. See belantik.
belg’ik 44 (K/B) = leaf. See belg’im.
belg’im nh 0- leaf; large leaf, cabbage leaf (JJ);
tree leaves fed to sheep (HH). {also: belg’ik (K-2/B);
belg’im (K); [beltchim] (JJ); <pelgim> ^4
(HH)) {syn: belg; p’el I & p’ef) [IFb/HH//K/JJ//B]
belg’im (K) = leaf. See belg’im.
*beled I (). city, town?; palace?: •Id! mezin
bti gawa beled (EP-7) He now grew as big as a
city (or- palace? [W Arm balad uqui|_unn ]). [syn:
bajar; §eher (Z)) <Ar balad 4 [EP-7 [
beled II m. (). 1) guide, leader, one who knows
tbe territory well; 2) [acf/.] well acquainted with,
familiar with (Ag/Hk): «Ez wi beledim (Ag) 1
know about that, j also: [beled 4/beledi ^41 (JJ))
Cf. P balad 4 - 'familiar with' [JR/K/B/JJ/Ag/Hk]
<§areza>
belek I 4*4 adj. 1) colorful (K/A/IF); bright (of
eyes)] with very white whites of the eye and very
black pupils (denotes the ideal quality of eyes)
(Wn); 2) with prominent white blotches (coloring
of animal's coat) (B); piebald (of animals and
mountains) (HH) [ablaq jLl]. {also: [belek] jL (JJ);
<belek> 4L (HH)) (Cf. Ar hawar = ’’intense
blackness of the pupils and whiteness of the
surrounding parts of the eyes"; Ar ablaq (jld =
’piebald 1 } [Z-l/K/A/IF/Wn/B/HH//JJ]
belek II /. (-a; ). calf (of leg), shin: -zebleket
belek (Ak) calf muscles, {syn: boqil; gim I; paq)
[Ak/IFb/OK/Hej] <ling>
*belelerz j4<4 f. (). earthquake, [also: [bile-lerz]
j44 (JJ)) 1 syn: bibelerz; 'erdKejin; 'erdlerzin;
zelzele] [F/K//JJ]
belem ^*4 f. (). (small) boat. Sor belem ^*4
[Bw/A/IFb/RZ] <gemi; ke§ti>
belendir jjj*4 (TF) = two- or three-year-old sheep.
See berdir.
32
belengaz jlS3<Jadj. poor, wretched, miserable,
unhappy: *Wextek£ jinik dik’eve dimire:
qizik ze’f belengaz dibe (J) The woman falls
[ill and] dies: the girl becomes very unhappy.
I also: [belengaz] jl£lL (JJ)} (syn: bikul; deran II;
dijgun; malxerab; reben I; gerpeze) (belengazi)
[BX/J/K/A/JB3/B/JJ]
belengazi f. (-ya;-ye). poverty, misery,
wretchedness; sorry situation: •Huk’umeta
T’urkiae derheqa Kale k’urday! getinda,
derheqa belengaziya wanada nedifikiri
(Ba2-3, p.214) The Turkish government did not
think about the hard conditions of the Kurds or of
their misery, (syn: §erpezeyi; xizani) [B/Ba2]
<belengaz>
bele adv. yes [more polite than ere); yes in
answer to a negative question [cf. Sor ba L; P cera
Iclq. Ar mbala U^]. [also: [beli] ^ (JJ); <bele>
^ (HH)} { syn: ere) Cf. P bale Hj
[K/JB3/B/JJ/HH/SK]
belg ni.(K/B)/f.(JB3) (). 1) {syn: belg’im; p’el I
& p’er) leaf; 2) {syn: p’er [3]; t’ebax II) sheet (of
paper) : -belg£ k’axete (FK-eb-1) sheet of paper.
{also: [belk] JJo (JJ); <belg> (HH)) Cl. Av
varekahe; Pahl varg = 'leaf; P barg (Horn
#203) [S&E/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//JJ]
<[2] k’axaz: rup’el>
beige f (-ya;-ye). document; proof, evidence:
• Di belgeye de bi awayeki hhrbini li ser
gareseriya K£§eya Kurd u sedemen we te
rawestandin (AW73A1) In the document, the
solution to the Kurdish Issue is examined in an
intricate manner «Di nav tu belgeyen resmi
de nehatiye diyarkirin ku Iraqe geken
kimyewi ji ku dere bi gi awayi bi dest
xistine (AW75C2) It was not stated in any official
documents how and from where Iraq obtained
chemical weapons; -beige kirin (AW) to
document: «Ji bo belgekirin, ar§ivkirin u
sazibfina folklori u gandi niqa§en ber
fireh pek t§n (AW70C1) Wide debates take place
on documenting, archiving, and folkloric and
cultural production. < T beige; Sor beige ~
'sign, indication, evidence' [IFb/TF/OK/AD]
be’lgi C5 d jzju, m. (F/Dz/EP) = pillow. See balgih.
beli’andin vt. (-beli’in-). to swallow.
(also: belafitin vt. (-beleK-J (Haz); belifiandin (Haz-
2 ); dabeliandin (da-beliin-) (IFb); da bellandin (GF);
[beleandin] (JJ); <dabelandin jAi^dj
(dadibeline) (HH)} ( syn: daqurtandin;
dauran; *hi§avtin) <Ar bala‘a --> P baPldan
^a^L [Haz//JJ/SK//IFb//HH//GF]
belihandin jAiCJ^j (Haz) = to swallow. See
beli’andin.
bel*im f. ( ;«me). (discarded) rice chaff [husk].
{also: belm (Zeb- 2 ); [belm] (JJ)) Sorbelm =
'rice-straw' [Zeb/IFb/GF/OK//JJ] <birinc I; geltuk>
belindir jaJaj (Wit) = two- or three-year-old sheep. See
berdir.
belindir ^aJ«u (IFb) = two- or three-year-old sheep.
See berdir.
belke (B) = perhaps. See belki.
belki JJ<u (SK) = perhaps. See belki.
belki ^ adv. perhaps, maybe: *Belki gend
• •
qord§ bi te de (L) Maybe he'll give you a
few coins, {also: belke (B-2); belki (SK); belko
(SK- 2 ); [belkou SL /belke *£L] (JJ); cbelki
^XL/belku 3 Sl> (HH)) {syn: gedibit (see ge] ; qemi}
Cf. P balke --> T belki [L/K/B/HH//JJ]
belko (SK) = perhaps. See belki.
belm (Zeb/JJ) = rice chaff. See belim.
beloq adj. bright, shining: •Pa§e bi carekd
ve kene xwe biri. £aven wi beloq bdbhn.
Wi ew gaven xwe yen beloq bera ewr
dabun (KS, p. 8 ) Then he suddenly stopped
smiling. His eyes had been shining. He looked at
the clouds with those shining eyes of his. (syn:
ge§) [KS/IFb/GF] <ge§>
belujJoo (B/IFb) = clear, obvious. See belfi.
belu 33 J ooadj. clear, obvious, patent, apparent; well-
known. {also: belu (B- 2 /IFb); beylu (Z-3); belu (IFb-
2 ); [bellou] 3 IL (JJ)) {syn: agkere; diyar; k’if§; xan§;
xuya) < T belli = 'clear, obvious, known'
[Z-3//K/B//IFb//JJ]
belxem (B/IF) = phlegm. See belxem.
belxem f. ( ;-e). phlegm, {also: belxem (B/IF);
[balgam] piL (JJ)} Gr phlegma Ar /P
balyam piL~> T balgam; Sor belxem
[F/K/JJ//B/IF] <gilm; lik>
ben m. (-e; ben, vi beni). 1) {syn: weris) rope,
string; 2) belt (A); woman’s woolen belt (B): -ben§
pi§t£ (K/YZ- 2 ) = a) belt; b) waist; 3) {syn: §irox)
shoelace(s), shoe string(s) . {also: bend III (OK);
[ben] qj (JJ)) Cf. P band aa; Sor ben[d] [aP^ =
33
'string, shoe-lace'; Hau ben m. = 'woollen string'
(M4) [Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/Rh//OK] <dav
II; qirnap; weris>
benav f. (). type of tree: 1) (syn: bi II[1])
willow, bot. Salix (K): «Av zane benaw li ku
ye (L) The water knows where the willow is [prv.],
i.e., a thief knows his accomplice; 2) ash tree,
European ash, bot. Fraxinus excelsior [T di§budak]
(A/IFb/TF/Kmc-6); 3) evergreen oak, holm oak,
bot. Quercus ilex , from which wooden sticks are
made [Ar sindiyan (HH). {also: benaw (L);
benav I (F); <benaf> jLj (HH)}
[L//K/A/IFb/GF/TF/Kmc-6//HH]
benaw jUaj (L) = willow; ash tree; holm oak. See
benav.
bend I f (-a;-§). 1) [syn: sikir) dam, weir:
-benda av£ = do. {also: [bend-a awi]
(JJ)); 2) {syn: gotar) / journalistic) article. [Pok.
bhendh- 127.1 'to bind'--> O Ir *Vband- : Mid P
band = ‘bond, link' [AB/F/K/JB3/B/JJ]
bend II = slave; human being. See bende.
bend III a3ou(OK) = string, rope; belt. See ben.
benda (JB3) = waiting. See bendi.
bende m. (). 1) slave; 2) human being; creature:
• Gelo bende ji ewqa bedew dibin? (Z-l) Can
human beings be that beautiful also?; -t’u bende
(B) no one, nobody, not a soul, {also: bend II; ben!
I; [bende] oJwo (JJ)} <0 Ir *bandaka- (A&L pp.82-83
[II] + p.96 [XX]): P bande ojjj [Z/K/B/JJ]
bender I jojj<u f. (-a;-e). port, seaport, harbor:
•Bendera San Stefano (RN) The port of San
Stefano. {also: [bender] (JJ/G)} < P bandar j^j;
Sor bender = 'harbor, port'
[RN/F/K/A/IFb/JJ-G/GF/TFj
bender II (HR-I) = threshing floor. See b§nder.
bendi ^ jj : -li bend! fk~e/ft-1 man/~biln (K) to
wait for {also: (li) benda... man (JB3)): «Ez mam li
bendi den (L) I waited for the cauldron, {syn: g’av
li re bun; heviye man; pan; sekinin} [L/K/A/JB3]
bendur (B/F) - influence. See bandur.
benef§ ^<o<y(K/IFb/GF/JJ) = violet. See binef§.
benef§e (A/F) = violet. See binef§.
benef§i (IFb/GF) = purple. See binef§i.
benef§in (lFb) = purple. See binef§!.
bengizade (K) = in love. See begzade [3].
bengzade (EP-4) = musician. See begzade [2].
beni§t (Mzg/K/GF) = gum. See ben!§t.
beni I m. (-[y]e; ). slave, servant (K/A/JJ):
• Kufo, eva ben!§ mine, min ew ji bir§
derxistye (Ba3-3, #23) Boys, he’s my slave, I
took him out of the well [or, pit]; -ez beni (M) = 1
am your servant, at your service; (A) = efendim =
Pardon me? (polite way of asking interlocutor to
repeat what [s]he said) . {also: bend II; bende;
[beni] ^ (JJ)} <0 Ir *bandaka- (A&L p. 82-83 [II] +
96 [XX]) [K/A/JJ/JBl-A] <cari; qerwa§; xizmetk’ar;
xulam>
beni II ^*0 m . (). 1) j syn: berdilk; qol II) small gold
• •
or silver neckchain (JJ): -tok H beni (EP-7)
neckchain, woman's adornment made of silver
coins; 2) {syn: me§lur) confection of nuts strung
and dipped in boiled grape juice (IFb/A/HH/TF);
3) coat-breast (K). [also: [beni] .yj (JJ); <ben!>
(HH)} [EP-7/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <[2] dims;
gelwaz; xaruz>
beniadem m. (). human being; mankind,
1 ••
humanity: «Eva gil Toje, weki min beniadem
hela neditine (FK-2) It has been 40 days since
I’ve seen another human being »Ma to dujmine
beni-adem! ni? (SK-I:1) Are you not then the
enemy of mankind? {also: [beni adem] pjlyj (JJ)}
(syn: meriv} <(clq.) Ar barn adam pjTyj = lit. 'the
sons of Adam', i.e., ’human beings'; cf. Sor
ademizad [FK-2/SK/K/JJ/OK]
beni§ m. (). gown, robe; upper garment with
very full sleeves that extend as far as the elbow,
made of cloth [Fr. ’drap'] for men, and satin for
women: •[Ismail Axa tepangeyS di bin
ben!§! dikite] (JR) Ismail Agha put his pistol
under his garment (-he hid it there), {also:
[benich/benis] (JJ)} Cf. Ar bunus/binus =
'cloth upper garment with very full sleeves'
(according to Hava, of T origin); T bini§ = 'parade
uniform’ [K/JJ/JR]
bent§t j7j. ( ; b£n!§t [B]). 1) {syn: debu§;
§irez} gum, resin; 2) (syn: *cum (Kr§)} chewing
gum. {also: beni§t (Mzg/K-2/GF); [benoucht]
(JJ); <bem§t> oJx-jo (HH)} Sor binegt ov-il-o
[Mzg/GF//K7 A/IFb/B /HH/TF //JJ]
benk (A/IFb) = terebinth. See bemk.
benok (OK) = terebinth. See b@mk.
beok (IF) = ugly; dirty. See bok.
beq f.(F)/m.(K/B/JB3) (). frog, {also: baq II (HB-
2); [baq] ^ (JJ); <beq> ^ (HH)} Cf. T -baga, cf.
34
kurbaga = 'frog', kaplumbaga = 'turtle'; Sor boq ^ 2 *;
NA piqqa (Urmia) [F/K/A/JB3/B/HH//JJ]
beqbeqok /. (-a; ). bubble, {also: peqijok
(GF-2); peqik I (IFb-2); peqik (TF); peqi§k (Bw-
2/Zx); peqpeqok (GF/Bw-2); peqpeqo§k (Bw);
y
<beqbeqok> (HH)) =Sor bilq gL
[Bw//GF//[A]/IFb/HH//TF//Zx]
beqem adj. faded (of colors), {also: <beqem>
(HH)) (syn: sis II) Sor beqem = 'dye liable to
fade' [Bw/IFb/HH/RZ/Kmc-16] <gilmisin; feng>
ber I jou m . (-e; ). front, face ( syn ; pe§i I): -bere fk-
e dan = to take s.o. somewhere: «Bere we da
mixara xwe (L) He took her to his cave; -bere
xwe dan = a) to betake o.s., to go, head for:
•Kalft ft gundi bere xwe didine berb
gundeki (Dz) The old man and the peasant head
toward a village; b) to look, take a look at (Bw); -
bere xwe [je] guhastin (XF) to turn away from;
to turn one's back on; to break/discontinue a
relationship; to renounce, disavow, give up; to stop
paying attention to, to express indifference toward;
to stop loving/respecting. [BX/K/A/JB3/B/SK]
ber II prep. 1) before (time and place), in front of;
toward: *ber gem (L) by or on the banks of the
river *Bir ber tate (L) He took her to or before
the rock *Xwe da ber tftmeki (L) He hid
himself behind a bush •Herweki here ber
mirine (BX) As if he were going to his death: 2) in,
under (conditions , weather, etc.): «Hetani evare
wana ber tave, sure ft serme, bin barane ft
teyroke, carna t’i u birgi pez dig’erand
(Ba2:l, p.204) They would graze the sheep until
evening in sunlight and cold, under rain and hail,
sometimes [even] hungry and thirsty; 3) used in
various expressions : -ber avitin (B) to have a
miscarriage (of animals) ; -ber guyin (B) to have a
miscarriage (of women or animals) ; -ber xwe
k’etin (XF/K/IF/B/F) to lose heart, lose courage; to
be depressed, feel dejected; to be upset; to feel
ashamed, embarrassed [syn: aciz bun): *Ez pir
berxwe ketim ko min arikariya te nekir
bft (IF) I felt ashamed that I hadn’t helped you
•Gevez, gima ber xwe dik’evi? (XF) Gevez,
why are you [so] upset? •Zelixe ber xwe
dik’eve, ku zerft we nake (Ba-1, #16)
Zulaikha is very upset that her gold is not enough
_B
[to buy Joseph]; -ber xwe kirin (B) to have an
abortion, abort (a foetus) ;
-ber bi = toward, in the direction of [also: berb (Dz);
berev II (Zeb/Dh/Bw)) *Kal§ ft gundi bere xwe
didine berb gundeki (Dz) The old man and the
peasant head toward a village *Ber bi rohelatft
gft (BX) He went toward tbe East *Ber bi evarft
(BX) Toward evening *Ber bi x£r e (BX) He is
doing better (lit. "He is in the direction of
goodness"); -ber bi ... ve = toward, in the
direction of (approaching); on behalf of: # Ber bi
min ve dihat (BX) He was coming toward me
•Hinek niviskar diyar dikin ku MHP xwe
ji nft ve saz dike ft ber bi demokratikbftnft
ve dige (AW69A1) Some writers declare that the
MHP [Nationalist People's Party] is re-making itself
and becoming more democratic [lit. 'is going
toward being democratic'];
-ber hev = face to face, facing each other [see also
berev];
-di ber = on: «Di ber hev didin (BX) They fight
each other; -di ber ... de = before, in front of
(without motion) ; for: «Di ber mala me de
darek heye (BX) In front of our house there is a
tree «Di ber hev de = face to face, side by side;
-di ber ... re = alongside, in front of (while in
motion) [par-devant, le long de]: *Di ber qesrfi
re derbas bu (BX) He passed alongside (or, in
front of) the palace •Doktor Sertag ... di ber
neynike re gft ft hat (KS, p.36) Dr. Sertag ...
went back and forth in front of the mirror; -di ber
... ve = in front of; because of: *Di ber ve
xebata heja ve (BX) In front of this excellent
work;
-ji ber = 1) because of, for: *ji ber gi? = why? what
for? ^ji ber ko = because *Ji ber v§ yek£ = for
this reason # Ji ber ve hinde = That’s why; 2)
before, in front of [de devant]: *Ji ber w! rabft
(BX) [11 prit la fuite devant lui] *Ji ber xwe = by
oneself; -ji ber gftn (Zx/Bw) to have a miscarriage
•Bigik ji ber gft (Zx/Bw) She had a miscarriage
[lit. The little one [=child] came out in front']; -ji
ber ... re = for; -ji ber ... ve = a) in front of:
•Ji ber mir ve rabft (BX) He rose before the
emir (out of respect) •Mftvand min mdvanek!
usane, weki dere teda be, t§ ji berva rabi
ser xwe (EP) My guest is such a guest that if he
35
B_
were in your house, [even] you [who are a prince]
would rise before him (out of respect); b) instead
of: »Min §emso ji ber Tacin ve §and bajer
(BX) I sent §. to town instead of T.; c) in the name
of, for s.o.’s sake: »ji ber wi ve (BX) in his place;
in his name, on his behalf; d) from, away from: »Ji
ber §ir ve kirin (BX) to wean [away from] [lit.
’to remove from milk']; See also ji ber kirin
alphabetically.
-li ber = a) in front of: »Li ber §ex disekinin (BX)
They stood before the sheikh; b) near: *Li ber
mirine ye (BX) He is near death; c) with: •Li
ber nane xwe penir dixwe (BX) He eats cheese
with his bread; d) according to: »Ev gotin li ber
xelke eyb e (BX) This matter is shameful in the
eyes of the people; e) For: •Li ber Xwede = for
[the love of] God. { also: beri I; [ber] ^ (JJ); <ber>
(HH)J [syn: pe§) [BX/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH]
ber III m. (-e; ). 1) { syn: kevir; kug 5 ) stone, rock;
small stone (as opposed to kevir = large rock!
(Bw): •Dibejin besteki [sic] beran li-teni§t
gunde wan heye. Wexte digin e sefere ji
f§we digin e-naw besta beran, gawet xo
dimiginin, pe§ pa§ digin, pania pie wan
gehe§t e ki§k beri de inin, bi terazie ke§in
gend der-kewt de sdndeki mezin o kiret
xot ko, "Hetta bi-qeder giraniya wi berey
pare-y zer yan ziw neinim nahemewe" (SK
12:117) They say that there is a stony vale next to
their village. When they go on a journey they go
first of all to the vale of stones, shut their eyes, go
back and forth and, whichever stone the heel of
their foot touches, they will bring it and weigh it in
a balance and, however much it turns out, they
will swear a mighty and ugly oath that. "I shall not
return until I bring the weight of this stone in gold
or silver"; 2) bullet (A/GF/TF). See berik II. [also:
bir III (HB); [ber] ^ (JJ): <ber> (HH)) Sor berd
[HB/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
bef IV j^/ber [A/IFb/JJ/GF] f. (-a;-e). kilim, flat-
weave pileless rug (IF); striped woolen pileless rug,
i.e., p’alas (used as bedding) (K/B): -Linge xwe
angori beFa xwe direjke (B) Stretch out your
legs according to [the length of] your carpet [prv.].
[also: berik III (SK); [ber] (JJ)) [syn: cacim; cil II;
gelt; k’ilim; mer§; p’alas; tejik) Sor here
[K/B//A/IFb/JJ/GF//SK] cmehfur; xalige>
ber V /. (K/B)/m . (F/SK) ( /-eye/ ). 1) [syn:
emi§ [l]; fiki; mewe) fruit: «Wan stiri gandin,
xiyala wan ew bd de tiri ginin. Nezanin
[sic] bere stiri stiri ye, tiri niye (SK 48:511)
They planted thorns, thinking to reap grapes. They
did not know that a thornbush bears thorns, not
grapes; 2) fruits of one's labor; product; 3) berry
(B). {also: berg I (K); [ber] ^ (JJ-Rh)}
[F/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK//K]
beT VI (Dz/F/B) = sea. See beKr.
beraberi (K) = equivalent. See beranberi.
• •
*bera*dan vt. (bera-d-). 1) to banish, expel.
exile (K); 2) to leave, abandon (HB/A) [cf. berdan];
3) to divorce (HB/A). {also: beridan (K)} [HB/K/A]
beradayi adj./pp. 1) useless, worthless; 2)
• •
neglected, abandoned, in bad condition (K/A/B); 3)
undisciplined, spoiled, willful (B). {also: beredayi
(IFb); beredayi (K/B): [beredai] ^ (JJ))
[Qzl?/A/GF//IFb/J J//K/B]
berahik f. ( ;-e). 1) vanguard, front (lit. =
troops at head of an army , and fig. = forefront of
activity) (K/F): *[Mela li berayike bu] (JR) The
mullah was in front; 2) meeting, encounter (JBl-A):
-gon berahik’e (JBl-A) to go out to meet or greet
s.o.: »Wexte gu li berahiya wi, Mirza
MiKemmedi §irek li stoe ye kafir da, ku§t
(M-Zx, #754, p.350) When he went before him
[i.e., went out to meet him], Mirza Muhammad
struck the monster a blow on the neck with his
sword and killed him; (M-Zx); -hatin berahiye
(M-Zx) do.: »Xezalek hat berahiye, telisme
zeri stoyda (M-Zx, #753, p.348) A gazelle came
before him, with a gold talisman reound its neck;
3) head of caravan (K). {also: berahi (JBl-A/OK);
berahik (JB1-A-2/OK-2); berai[k] (SK); [berahik]
Jjfc)(JJ)) [K/F/JR/JJ//JB1-A/OK] <pe§waz; p’ergin>
berahi (JB 1-A/OK) = front; meeting. See
• •
berahik.
berahik ««La!(JB l-A/OK) = front; meeting. See
berahik.
berai (SK) = front; meeting. See berahik.
9 •
beraik (SK) = front; meeting. See berahik.
beramberi (B) = equivalent. See beranberi.
beramberti (A/B) = equivalent. See
beranberi.
beran m. (-e; beren/?baren, vi berani). 1)
{syn: peze ner) ram, male sheep; 2) Aries (astr.).
36
[also: [beran] jG* (JJ); <beran> (HH)} [Pok 9.
au(e)-/aued-/auer- 78ff.] 'to wet, moisten, flow' -->
[c) auer- 80.] 'water, rain, river' ->[2. ur-Vauer- 80.]
—> extension [4. ursen-] 'emitting semen = manly':
Skt vrsni- = 'manly; m. ram'; Av varasni- = 'manly;
m. ram’; also OIr *varan-, acc. varanam = lamb';
Sgd wr’n [w(a)ran] = lamb'--> Yaghnobi ruon =
ram'; MidP waran = lamb, ram’; Pamir dialects:
Ormuri aurai = 'ram' (Morg); Sor beran q )= 'ram
(over 4 years old), Aries'; Za beran m. = 'ram; hero’
(Mai); Hau beran in. (M4); Cf. Rus baran SapaH; Gr
arnos ccpvog <*warnos f otpvog & Mod Gr ami apvi =
'lamb'; K beran--> T baran [Bitlis; Mardin] = 'large,
three-year-old ram' & beran [Bitlis] = ’ram’ (DS, v.
2, p. 525; v. 2, p. 630)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <berdir;
hogig; mi I; §ek; xirt>
*beranberi f (). 1) equivalent; 2) equality;
■ *
3) equalization, [also: beraberi (K); beramberi (B);
beramberti (A/B-2)) Cf. P barabari jj --> T
beraber = 'together' [F/Ba/K/A/B]
beranek £ ( J-e). thumb. [also: tiliya beran!
(F/K/B); tiliya beraneke (IF-2); [tilouia berani] ^
(JJ)} ( syn: tiliya mezin) =P sast Sor
kelemust/qamk; Za engi§ta pile/—pill! (Mai)
[JB3/IF//F/K/B//JJ] <tili> See also berani.
berani -tiliya berani (F/K/B) thumb, [also:
beranek, f. (JB 3/IF); tiliya beraneke (IF); [tilouia
berani] ( j)^ L*ij' (JJ)) (syn: tiliya mezin (F))
[F/K/B//JJ//JB3/IF] <beg , i; tilt> See also beranek.
beraq j<y adj. 1) [syn: zelal; ^$elo} pure, clear (e.g..
of water) (Msr); 2) luminous, bright (JJ). [also:
[berraq] j)(JJ)} < Ar barraq = ’sparkling'
[Msr/JJ]
bera§ ni. (-e; bere§, vi bera§i). millstone:
•Erne bera§e a§6 ze’frane ser sere te
bigerinin (FK-eb-2) We will cause a scandal [lit.
'We will overturn the millstone of the mill of
victories on your bead’], [also: [ber-ach] (JJ)}
< ber = 'stone 1 + a§ = 'mill' [FK-2/K/B/JJ] <a§>
berat’ o)j<v = news; data. See berat’e [1].
berat’»e f. (•a;»§). 1) [also: berat’) piece of
news, information, data (K); 2) {syn: cendek;
cinyaz; kele§ I; le§; meyt’; term} corpse, dead body
(K); animal carcass (B/JJ) : # ...Me di weki gura
ew xwariye. Ser berat’a wi em geleki
giriyan (Ba3-1, #21) ...We saw that the wolves
had eaten him. We cried a great deal over his
corpse; 3) sign, signal, trace (A/B): •Xort b£ ser!
ft be berat’e unda bH (B) The youth
disappeared without a trace, [also: [berate] _>j (JJ))
[Ba3/K/A/B/JJ]
berav f. (-a;-e). 1) spot on a river bank where
laundry is washed (K/B/JJ): *Eme herin berave
cila bi§on (Haz) We’ll go down to the river to
wash clothes; 2) laundry day (IFb): *tro berava
me ye (IFb) Today is our laundry day; 3) washing
of laundry (IFb/B). See balav. [also: [ber-aw] «J)
(JJ)} < ber = ’before’ + av = ’water, river
[Haz/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <cil§o> See balav.
beravej (F) = inside out; on the contrary. See
berevaji.
berayik JA(JR) = vanguard. See berahik.
beraz jlj*j in. (-e; berez, vi berazi). 1) [syn:
domiz (Mzg); weti§ (Haz); xinzir, f. [erudite]} pig;
hog; wild boar (IF/JJ/B): •Tn berazi mezin
bike hevsar (FT) Put a harness on the largest hog;
2) name of a Kurdish tribe inhabiting the region of
Suruc in Reha (Urfa) and the Syrian border area; 3)
[adj.] mean, mean-spirited, unkind (Bw). [also:
baraz (HB-2); [beraz] j \^ (JJ); <beraz> j)^ (HH))
[Pok. 7. uer- 1163.] 'to tear out’ —> [extension C.
*uergh-] = 'to root up': Skt varaha- [varahah];
Proto-Indlr *varazha- —> O Ir *waraza-; Av varaza-
; Mid P waraz —> Arm varaz ij_uapuiq_; P goraz
'hog, boar'; Sor beraz j)j<y/weraz j )joj = 'pig'.
See also: Alain Christol. “Un Verlan indo-iranien?”
in: LALIES: Actes des sessions de linguistique et de
literature, V, Aussois, 29 aout-3 septembre 1983
/
(Paris : Presses de l’Ecole Normale Superieure,
1987), pp. 57-64.
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK/Haz/Bw] <kudik;
mahu>
berb (Dz) = toward. See ber II: ber bi.
berbang f (-a;-e). 1) (syn: elind; ferec; seirS
sibe; spede; §ebeq) dawn, early morning; 2) name
of Kurdish magazine published in Sweden.
[Ber/F/K/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK] <hingur>
berban»ik m. (*k§; ). terrace, veranda,
porch, patio: -berbank§ xani (Zeb/Dh) do. [also:
berbank (Zeb)) [syn: bersifk) [Zeb/Dh//IFb/GF/OK]
berbank (Zeb) = terrace. See berbanik.
berbejin qj&j j<y (A/JJ) = amulet. See berbejn.
37
B_
berbejn f. (-a; ). amulet or charm worn
about the waist: *Here kure min we ev
berbejn te ji mirind bipar§ze (Wit 2:92, p.13)
Go, my son, [and] this amulet will protect you from
death, {also: herbejin (A); [berbejin] (JJ)I <ber
= 'in front of, at' + bejn [2] = ’waist'; Sor berbejn
c = pendant (jewellery) (W&E); belt, strap
(K2)’ [Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF//A/JJ] <nivi§t; t’iberk;
t’ilism>
berbend Aj <xj j <aj : - berbend kirin (GF/SS) to ban,
prohibit, forbid, prevent { syn: qedexe kirin): # Ev
hewl ji aliye polisan ve hatiye
berbendkirin (AW71A6) This attempt has been
banned by the police. Sor berbend Ajdjj<o/berbest
O j<U = ’obstacle, dam’ [AW/GF/SS]
berber I m. (-e; ). barber; hairdresser, {also:
barber (F); [berber] (JJ); <berber> ^j ^ (HH)|
{syn: delak; sertag) <T berber <It barbiere
[EH/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/JB1-A//F] <guzan; kuf IV>
berbero§k d m.(Btm)/f. (). 1) place to
sunbathe or spread out clothes to dry in the sun
(A); 2) shady place to sit in a garden [T golgelik]
(Msr). [Msr/Btm/A] cbefoj; zinar>
berbijSr adv. down, downward, {also: berjer
(Ba)| < ber + bi = 'toward' + jer = ’down' [BX]
<xwar>
berbijor adv. up, upward, {also: serbijor) i syn:
bala; bani I) < ber + bi = 'toward' + jor = 'up’ [BX]
<hevraz>
berbiri adj. proceeding from the opposite
direction, coming out to meet: -berbiri bun (K/B)
to come out to meet, to greet: *Li bira niheri u
bi fesal berbiri Osib btl (Ba-1, #31) He looked
at his brothers and cautiously went out to greet
Joseph; -berbiri gtln (K/B) do.: -berbiri 'eyde
gtiyin (B) to see in the holiday. [Ba-l/K/B]
<p’ergi[n]; pe§waz>
berbti ^j aj f ( ;-ye). 1) sister of groom (during
wedding) (Ks); female relative of the groom (during
wedding: there are usually 2-3 berbu's at a
wedding) (Mzg); 2) woman in charge of the bride
during the wedding [usually the groom’s sister]
(K/B); unmarried girl who rides on the horse with
the bride as part of the traditional wedding customs
(Haz); 3) {syn: hewi) one of several wives in a
polygynous household (K). { also: berbuk (K/B-2);
[ber-bou^j^j /ber-bouk (JJ)}
[Ks/K/A/B/JJ/Haz/Mzg] <buk I>
berbuk (K/B/JJ) = sister of groom; woman in
charge of bride. See berbil.
bercewi (Btm/Grc) = twin. See cewi.
♦ ♦
berg’av (JBl-A/JJ) = eyeglasses. See berg’avk.
bergavik JISUj-o, f. (IFb/TF/OK) = eyeglasses. See
berg’avk.
berg’avk mJpL(Ag) (). glasses, eyeglasses,
spectacles: *Bergavkan dikete ber gavet xo
(Dh) He puts on his glasses •Berg’e’vk§ te
hene? (Ag) Do you wear glasses? {also: berg’av
(JBl-A); bergavik, f. (IFb/OK-2); bergevk (F);
berg’e’vk, pl.(Ag)/m. (B); [ber-tchaw] JUjj (JJ)}
{syn: g’avik)
[Ag/B//K/A/GF/OK//F//IFb/TF//JJ/JBl-A]
bergem (A) = bat (zool.) . See barg’imok.
bergevk (F)/berg’e’vk . pl.(Ag)/m. (B)
= eyeglasses. See berg’avk.
berg! (HB) = hungry. See birgi.
#•
ber*dan vt. (ber-d-). 1) to let go of, leave,
abandon [cf. beradan]: *Miri§k§ berdide (Ba) He
lets go of the chicken •Iro du ro te ez li ve
gole berdame (L) Today [it is] two days since
you left me in this desert *Dya xwe ji berda gu
(J) As for his mother, he let her go [and] she went;
-agir berdan (K) to set fire to: *Agir berdide
qesir u qunaxa xo (Z-3) He sets fire to his
manor; -berdan dii (L) to set out after, pursue,
chase: *Heya go qenc Teyre Semir biheci,
berda du gwike beytik (L) Until the Simurgh
got good and mad at the sparrow, and set out after
her; -dev ji f-tl berdan = to let or leave stg.
alone; to renounce, quit: «Dev je berde, bila di
cih§ xwe de be (L) Leave it alone, let it stay in
its place; -jin berdan (F) to divorce (said of man
divorcing a wife) ; -fu berdan = to grow a beard:
•Rfi berd§ye = He grew a beard; -ser§ hesp§
berdan (Z-3) to slacken the horse's reins, to ride
quickly {^sere hespe girtin (Z-3)}: *Eze bajom,
tin ji sere hespe xo berdin, bidine pey
min (Z-3) I’ll ride on, and you let your horses
race, pursue me; 2) (syn: higtin} to let, allow,
permit; 3) to drop, let fall (e.g., a bomb) : *Cek§
emerikani e hewayi 30 ton bombe
berdane hejagehen Japona (RN) American
aerial forces dropped 30 tons of bombs on
38
Japanese targets, {also: [ber-dain/ber-dan] qAj^ (JJ);
<berdan (berdide) (ojj> (HH)|
[K/A/JB3/B/HH//JJ]
berdas f (“ a; ). swath, the amount of wheat
that a p’ale (agricultural worker) can grab with
one swing of the sickle [das]: •Filankes—
berdasa wi fireh e (Qzl) He cuts a wide swath,
i.e., he is involved in many projects at once, he has
his finger in many pies *Hinek pale—berdasa
wan fireh e (Qzl) Some workers cut a wide
swath. < ber = ’before' + das = 'sickle'
[Qzl/IFb/GF/TF/Kmc-1491] <das; desti>
*berdest I in./m. & f. (B) (-e; ). 1) servant;
2) assistant; 3) follower, disciple (JB3). {also:
berdesti (B)) [Ba3/K/JB3//B]
berdest II adj. 1) available; handy; 2) spare,
extra [Ar ihtiyatl [Zeb/K/A/IFb/GF]
■ ■
<durdest>
berdesti (B) = servant; assistant. See berdest
• a
I.
berdevk I m. (-e; ). 1) adviser: *Berdevke
mir, Bekoye Ewan e (Deng - Ahmet Koger) The
emir’s adviser is Beko Ewan; 2) confidant, {also:
[ber-defk/berdewk] Jjj^ (JJ)j JJ: <ber = 'before' +
dev = 'mouth', hence ’the one before whom one
opens ones mouth, before whom one speaks
frankly’ [Deng/K/A/IFb/GF//JJ]
berdewam adv. continuously, continually;
-berdewam bun (Wit) to continue (vi.), be
continued \syn: dewarn bun; dom bun; domin):
• Serhildan we berdewam bibin (Wit 1:32,
p.2) The revolts will continue; -berdewam kirin
(Wit) to continue (vt.) (syn: dewam kirin; dom
kirin; domandin): «Qiqas behsa a§tiye dibe,
ew hin b§tir, behsa §er dikin ft her
berdewam dikin (Wit 1:35, p.5) No matter how
much peace is discussed, they discuss waging war
even more, and continue to do so. Cf. Sor
berdewam bun = ’to persevere, be persistent 1 (EM)
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/OK/Bw] <k’i$andin [5]>
berdftl! u f (-ya;-y§ the practice of marrying a
brother and a sister to the sister and brother of
another family, forming a double bond: double
kinship bond (the sister of the groom is given in
marriage to the brother of the bride) (K); the
exchange of sisters between two brothers [i.e.,
friends] in order to marry (A); between two
families, the marrying of daughters to each other's
sons (IF); commutative marriage contracted
between first degree relatives (JJ); "Marriage can
also be conducted by the exchange of sisters,
berdeli...In this case, the marriage portion is not
exacted and only the costs of the wedding
remain...” (El-2) (Cf. Ar badal Jju}: «Xft§ka me—
berdeliya me, heft birane (IS-#156) Our sister
is to be exchanged for us, [her] seven brothers; 2)
groom's sister, designated for marriage to the
bride's brother (K). {also: berdelk; berdilik (A);
[ber-dili] J j* (JJ)} [EI-2/K/IF/B//JJ//A] <buk I;
de’wat; zava; zewac>
berdelk jj«ju = commutative marriage. See berdfill.
berdil Jj j*j (IF/JB3) = lover. See berdilk [1].
*berdilk m.&f. ( ; /-e). 1) beloved, dear one;
lover (K/JJ/IF/JB3) {also: berdil (IF/JB3); [ber-dilik]
(JJ)); 2) {syn; beni II; qol] necklace (IF); type
of necklace made of silver (A); 3) breastplate (B); 4)
{syn: berk’o§; bennalk [1]; bervank; melitk; mezer
[4]} [f. (-a; ).] apron (Qzl). < ber = '[in] front' + dil
= 'heart' [K/B//JJ//IF/JB3//A]
berdil Jjjjou (IFb/OK) = two- or three-year-old sheep.
See berdir.
berdilik j<v (A) = commutative marriage. See
berdeli.
berdilzay Jj«v (OK) = two- or three-year-old sheep.
• •
See berdir.
berdir f ( ;-e). two-year-old sheep (K/B); three-
year-old ewe (IFb). {also: belendir (TF); belindir
(Wit); belindir (IFb-2); berdil (IFb/OK); berdilzay
(OK-2); berindir, m. (Bsk); bendi, f. (Bsk)} (syn:
§ek) Note that for Bsk berindir is male [=§ek],
while bGndi is female .
[Bsk//F/K/B//TF//Wlt//IFb/OK] <mi I; tu§tir;
xamberdir>
berebere oj^oj^/bere-bere [F/K/B] adv. gradually,
bit by bit, piecemeal: *Ji lewra, di v§ rojnam§
de bere bere belav dikim (RN) Therefore, I
am publishing [lit. ’spreading'] it bit by bit in this
newspaper. [RN/JB3/IF//F/K/B]
beredayi ^.1 (IFb)/beredayi (K/B) =
useless; neglected; undisciplined. See beradayi.
berendam jJjjojou in. (-£; ). candidate: *Weke ku
xuya dibe, iro her kese ku li KurdistanS
diji berendame ku§tine ye (Wit 1:41, p.3) It
seems that today everyone who lives in Kurdistan
39
is a candidate for being murdered. [(neol)Wlt/IFb]
<endam>
berev I ijoJ <Kj (B/GF/JJ) = together, assembled. See
berhev.
berev II (Zeb/Dh/Bw) = toward. See ber II: ber
bi.
berevaj jtfojou (K/IFb) = inside out; on the contrary.
See berevaji.
berevaj! adj. 1) inside out, backward,
#•
reversed; opposite: -berevaji kirin (Wit) to
garble, mix up, confuse: •Revebiriya PKG’e
idia dike ku, me axaftina bi tbrahim
incedursun re, ne wek gotinen wi yen ku
ji me re gotine we§andiye ft hin ti§tan ji
berevaji kiriye (Wit 1:43, p.8) The leadership of
PKG claims that we have not published the talk
■ •
with Ibrahim Incedursun the way be said it, and
that we have garbled some things; 2) disconnected,
unrelated; incoherent, nonsensical: -[berevaji
goutin] (JJ) to talk nonsense; -xebered
berevaj[i) (K) nonsense, incoherent speech; 3)
[adv.] on the contrary: *Di komcivina HEP’e
de, bSsekin ft rawestin ji bo PKK’e slogan
av£tin, HEP’e weke ku tune ye
hesibandin, re nade HEP’e ku bibe xwedi
§exsiyet, mezin bibe ft ge§ ft zede bibe,
berevaji, bi vi away! re li ber HEP’e te
girtin (Wit 1:43, p.9) In the meeting of HEP
(=People’s Labor Party), pro-PKK slogans were
constantly being chanted, HEP was considered a
personality, to grow and prosper; on the contrary,
in this way HEP’S future [lit. 'road, way'] is being
shut off; 4) [prep.] as opposed to; in response to:
• Bervaji v£ yek£ (IFb) As opposed to or in
response to that, [also: beravej (F); berevaj (K-
2/IFb); berewaj (TF); bervaji (IFb-2/GF-2);
[berevaj(i)] (JJ)) Sor berewaj = ’back
to front’ [Wlt/K/GF/JJ//F//IFb//TF] <diji; vaji>
berevan m. (-e; ). mediator; arbiter,
arbitrator; umpire; defender: *Du kes le ketin,
berevan wana jek vediketin (Bw) Two people
started fighting; the mediator separates them (=pulls
them apart). ( also: berewan (SK)) (berevani;
berewani) [Bw/IFb/GF/OK//SK]
berevani /. (-ya;-ye). 1) (syn; bergiri)
defense: -berevaniya fk-1 kirin (IFb/RZ) to
defend s.o.; 2) mediation (SK/Hej): *Kerb£t wi
de binewe, de cftna det, §eri d§ ket. Ehld
seraye ji de hene berewaniy£, de wi
neheqq ken, de qedre wi §ket (SK 52:561)
He will lose his temper and become abusive and
start fighting. The palace attendants will come
between us [=will mediate between us], they will
put him in the wrong and he will be put to shame.
[also: berewani (SK); <berevani> (Hej))
[IFb/GF/RZ/Hej//SK] <berevan>
berevkar (OK) = tax collector. See berevker.
berevker m. (-e; ). 1) collector, gatherer; 2)
tax collector (Rnh/OK/GF): *Bi tene ez
hewceyi mecidiyeki me, ko ew ji ji
berevkere dayina mir e (JB2-O.Sebri/Rnh
14[1943]8-9) All I need is a inejidiye [-coin], and
that for the emir’s tax collector, [also: berevkar
(OK-2); berevkir (B); berhevkar (TF/OK)}
[JB2/Rnh/GF//B//TF/OK] <bac; xer[a]c>
berevkir (B) = tax collector. See berevker.
berewaj j) 3 oj (TF) = inside out; on the contrary. See
berevaji.
berewan (SK) = mediator. See berevan.
berewani (SK) - mediation. See berevani.
bere (SK) = at first. See bereda.
• •
bereda adv. 1) in the beginning, at first; 2)
earlier; from time immemorial: »L£ bereda mer
pey jina digin, jin pey mera nagin (EP-7)
But from the earliest times, men go after women,
women don't go after [^pursue] men. [also: bere
(SK); [di-beri-da] (JJ)) [EP/K/B//JJ]
berekan*£ ■V &Sj f. (»a; ). competition:
• • • •
•Berekana hozanvaniye digel kiriye (HoK,
150) He engaged in a poetry competition with him.
{ also: berikani (RZ)) [syn: *pe§bazin) =Sor
pe§birke [Zeb/HoK//RZ]
berezyjj4j (Ber/K/JB3) = honorable. See birez.
berf f. (-a;-£). snow: *Befr gelek hebft, em
mayn di befre ra, em hemi qeremtin (M-Am
#713, p.330) There was a lot of snow and we were
stranded in tbe snow and we all froze *Berf
dibari (Kg) It’s snowing *barina berf£ (Kg)
snowfall, [also: befir; befr (SK); [berf /befir>j ]
(JJ); cberf o^/befir >b/berv (HH)1 [Pok. 2.
uep- 1149.] ’to throw, strew’: Skt vapra- m./n. =
’rampart, embankment’; Av vafra- m. = ’snow'; Sgd
wfr’ [wafra]; Khwarezmian wfyrk ( for *wfryk
40
pausal form o/*wfxk); Mid P wafr = 'snow' (M3); P
barf Pamir dialects: Sanglechi barf; Wakhi
warf/barf (Morg); Pashto wawro; Sor befir \ Za
vewr f. (Todd); Hau werue f. (M4)
[Bg/Kg/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//SK] <a§it;
bami§t; baran; barin; barove; berfmal; kur§e; lelav;
reni; §ape I; §ilop’e>
berfire ° (GF/OK) = spacious. See berfireh.
berfireh adj. wide, spacious, roomy;
widespread; ample: *Berfirh e (Bw) It is spacious
[or ample] *Sefewiyan ji ji bo parastina
sinore dewleta xwe li hemberi
imparatoriya berfireh a Osmaniyan §ieti
weki mezhebeki dini u fermi ... dan [sic]
xuyakirin (Zend 2:3[ 1997] , p.56) And the
Safavids, in order to protect the border of their
state against the expansive Ottoman Empire,
declared Shiism their official religious sect.
{ *berfireh + -e = berfirh e with loss of medial -e-
in Bw}. [also: berfire (GF/OK-2)) [svn: fireh) For
etymology see fireh [Bw/IFb/OK/RZ//GF] <fireh>
berfmal f. (). snow shovel, [also: berfmalk
(IFb/GF)) I syn: befri) Sor befr*mai = ’snow-
shovel' [K/A/RF//IFb/GF] <berf>
berfmalk joo (IFb/GF) = snow shovel. See
berfmal.
berg I (K) = fruit. See ber V.
bergeri (GF) = defense. See bergiri.
■ • ^
herge§ Jiofjoo, (Msr/GF) = tray. See berke§.
bergiri j f. (-ya; ). defense; protection, {also:
bergeri (GF): bergirti (GF-2)) [syn: berevanij Sor
bergegiri ^ jf*fj «v = 'defence, resistance' <berge =
'resistance, ability to bear' [Bw/IFb/OK//GF]
bergirti u (GF) = defense. See bergiri.
berg! I 0 Lf, (A) = horse. See bergir.
bergir XX m./f(B) ( ; /-§). 1) horse, especially
hack, used as beast o( burden; gelding, castrated
horse (K/JJ); 2) sterile nag, unfit for horseback
riding (B/Zeb). {also: bargir (Zeb); bergil (A);
[barghir ^fj\j/be rghirXX (JJ)I {syn. bor I[2]; hesp;
nijda} Cf. T beygir [Ad/K/B/JJ//A//Zeb] <hesp>
bergusk’ JLXX (M-Am) = homespun jacket. See
bergtiz.
bergflz jjX XX dj [Bw] m. (). traditional Kurdish
men’s homespun woolen jacket: *We fiegike
xelke Amediene hemi K’urdin ... Hemi
dikene [tkene] ber xo bergfisk’a—bdne
_B
cilk’et wa bergusk’. Q]e diken [tken] ji
hirie, t §inin, t sorin, t kesk’in, t enwa £ fi.
e§k’alin (M-Am #720) As for the people of
Amadiye, they are all Kurds ... They all wear
homespun jackets called ‘bergusk’. They make
them of wool and they are blue and red and green
and all sorts; -pe§me w berguz (M-Ak)/rani-
bergftz (SK) suit of homespun jacket and trousers
[syn: §al u §apik}. {also: bergusk’ (M-Am)}
[Bw/OK//M-Am] <§al I; §utik; material patterns :
badayi; bekirbegi; kerani; keskuyi; kesnediti I;
pi§tpez; qehweyi; re§axayi; semayi; §ekiri; xezali>
berhem f. (-a; ). 1) {syn: afirandin [2]] work
(of art), artifact, opus: *Ev ferheng ji
berhemeke nd ye (IFb) This dictionary is also a
new work *Her berhem dive li gor dem ti.
rew§a ku te de hatiye afirandin, were
nirxandin (Wit 1:39, p.ll) Every work of art
should be evaluated according to the time and
conditions in which it was created *Hergiqas av
ji bo hemu jindaran gavkaniyeke bingehin
be ji, iro di deste mirovdn “hemdem” de
wek pergaleke ji hole rakirina berhemdn
diroke te bi kar anin (Wit 1:21, p.16)
Although water is a basic resource for all living
things, today it is being used by "modern" man as
an instrument for destroying historical artifacts; 2)
product, result: «Ev yeka han berhema saldn
wi yen girtigehe bu (KS, p.7) This was the
result of his years in prison. Sor berhem =
'achievement, accomplishment; product, result’
[(neol)W]t/IFb/TF)
berheste m. (). flintfstone] (for striking fire),
{also: [ber-heste] (JJ) } {syn: arbe§k; hestel Cf.
Sor berd # este [F/K/JJ] <agir; geqandin;
• i
k’irpit; qesp II>
berhev adv. together, gathered, assembled,
collected: -berhev bdn (K)/berev ~ (Ba/F) to
gather, assemble (vi.) [syn: civin; k’om bun; t’op
bun [t’op I]; xir ve bun): •Kire gazi, ku Hemti.
gure wan dera berevi cem wi bin (Ba) He
called all the wolves of those parts to assemble
before him *Gur gi§k berev bun (Ba) All the
wolves gathered; -berhev dan (K/GF/OK)/dan
berhev (Rnh/IFb) to compare: *Dema em
zimane xwe bi zimanen ko ketine ward
nivisandind va bidin ber hev; divd em sed
41
✓
sail pir ne binin (Rnh 3:24, p.486) When we
compare our language with languages that have
been written down, we must not see 100 years as a
long time; -berhev kirin (K)/berev ~ (B) to
collect, gather, assemble (vt.) [syn: civandin; k’om
kirin; Pop kirin; xir ve kirin): *Wana pez ji
nava gund berev dikir (Ba2:l,p.204) They
would gather the sheep from all over the village.
[also: berev I (B/GF-2); [berew J>^/berhewoiA^]
on) < ber + hev
[Ba/F/B//K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/[TF]/OK] <civandin;
civin; Fop I>
berhevkar (TF/OK) = tax collector. See
berevker.
berhevok f. (-a;-e). 1) collection,
anthology: •Tekste we li sala 1936 da li
firevane li berhevoka “Folklora
Kura aanca”da gap bdye (K-d§) The text of it
was printed in Erevan in 1936 in the collection
Folklore of the Kurmandj; 2) brochure, pamphlet
(IF). [K-d§/IF] <belavok>
berhingar berhingari fk-e bun = a) to
oppose s.o. [Ar Ijd )yad / J jd <_^j]; to attack,
bother, pick a fight with [Ar /ji # Du
malet Kurdane her du berhingari ek bun
(Bw) Two Kurdish families opposed one another
•‘Eyalet te berhingari ‘eyalet me bun (Bw)
Your children ganged up on our children [diji wan
radibin] *Ji ber ku milete Kurd ye ku
hertim l§kkevti d bevrwi§i ek d
berhingari sere §kddu buy! ne§iyaye
dkatiyeka birdra ji bo armanceke xebate
biken di nav xwo da peyda biken (Hok2,
p.63) Because the Kurdish nation was always
pushing and fighting and opposing one another,
they could not achieve unity of opinion to strive
for a purpose; b) { syn: 'erza fk-i §kandin) to scold,
reprimand, bawl out: *Jina wi beringar bde,
gote "Me ce mevana niye, bila bi xo
bigine mizgefte" (M-Ak, #585, p.255) His wife
opposed him and told him, ’We have no room for
guests; let them take themselves off to the mosque";
c) to intercept (mil.) (Zeb). [also: beringar (M-Ak);
<berengar> (Hej)) Sor berengar bun
jldojdj = 'to encounter (W&E); to grapple with [P
gelavlzj^*^ (Hej)’ [Bw/Zeb/HoK2//M-Ak//Hej]
<ber sing girtin>
42
berik I (IFb) = pocket. See berik.
ber»ik II mJf.(K) (*k§/ ; ). bullet: -Ber§
tivinge singa Baram simtiye (GF) The rifle
bullet pierced Baram’s chest; -berk d derman
(Bw) ammunition [lit. 'bullets & gunpowder'], j also:
ber III[2] (A/GF-2/TF); [berik] JLh (JJ)} {syn; gule)
dim. of ber = stone' [BW/K/IF/JJ/GF/OK//A/OK]
<Pifing>
berik III (SK) = kilim, flat-weave pileless rug. See
ber IV.
berindir j*j, m. (Bsk) = two- or three-year-old male
sheep. See berdir.
beri I prep./conj. 1) before (time] : «beri nivro
•#
= before noon »Di benda beri we da (BX) In
the preceding article [lit. 'in the article before that']
•Memi §ure xwe dani navbera xwe d Zine,
da ko beriya mehire tu ti§t§ ne§eri di
navbera wan de neqewimit (SW) M. put his
sword between himself and Z., so that before the
marriage nothing unlawful might happen between
them; -beri her ti§ti = first of all, first and
foremost: *Beri her ti§ti, div£ em ve pirsa
han ji xwe bikin (Wit 1:36, p. 16) First of all,
we must ask ourselves this question; -beri
ko/beriya ko + subj. = before + -ing; 2) ago: »Se
sal beri niha (AW69A3) Three years ago. [also:
beriya.../beriya (SW); <beri> ^ (HH))) ?< ber + ji
[K/A/JB3/HH] See ber II.
beri II f. (-ya;-ye). desert, wilderness; plain:
••
designates desert , plain , or regions that are warm
during the winter, such as Ur fa and Gaziantep
(HB): •Quling ji beriye hatin (AB) The cranes
came from the wilderness, [also: [beri] (JJ);
<beri> ^ (HH)} {syn: best; gol; pasar (Haz)) Cf. Ar
barrlyah [AB/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH] <best; de§t>
beri III ^a j = homesickness. See beri II.
beri IV ^aj (Ad/B) = pocket. See berik.
■ •
beridan (K) = to banish. See beradan.
berik J-jj^/berik’ [JB1-A] f (-a;-e). (breast)
pocket: di sindoqS da, dere w§ qilf kir
d kililk kire di berika xo da (JB1-A #29,106)
[He] went into the box, [she] locked its ’door’ and
put the key in her (breast) pocket *Zefa ji
berika xwe dertine (Z-2) He takes gold pieces
out of his breast pocket, [also: berik I (IFb); beri IV
(Ad/B); berik (Ad/BX): berik (JB3/LC); [berika]
*
r
Jw (JJ)1 fsjn: ceb; kurikl [F/K/SK/Bw/JBl-A//
Ad/B//BX//IFb//JB3//JJ]
benkam j (RZ) = competition. See bergkane.
■« ^
beringar ji£ojoj (M-Ak) = opposing. See berhingar.
berjewend (GF/OK) = interest. See
berjewendi.
berjewendi ^jJo^o Jj«j £ (-ya; ). interest, profit,
• •
advantage: •Berjewendiyen hemiyan weki
yek ninin (Metin 2[1997]:25) The interests of all
sides are not alike, {also: berjewend (GF/OK)) {syn:
menfa c et) [(neol)Metin/IFb/TF//GF/OK]
berjer (Ba) = down. See berbijer.
berk’efti ac/y. important, significant,
noteworthy, [also: berketi (IFb/OK); berkevti (OK-
2)1 {syn: giring) [VOA//IFb/OK]
berke§ £ (-a; ). copper tray on which meals
are served, {also: berge§ (Msr/GF); <berke§>
(HH)) [syn: mecme’) [Msr/GF//IFb/HH] <lengeri;
seni; sifre; tiryan>
berketi ( (IFb/OK) = significant. See berk’efti.
berkevti j (OK) = significant. See berk’efti.
•pergalen berke§ane (IF) instruments of
production; 2) exploitation (JB3). [(neol)IF/JB3]
berk’o§ £ ( ;-e). 1) front part of a woman’s
dress (K/B); 2) (syn: berdilk [4]; bermalk [1];
bervank; nielitk; mezer [4]) apron, garment worn
by women about the waist, which hangs down
over the lap (IF/HH). [also: <berko§> (HH))
[K/B/IFb/HH/GF/OK] <bermalk>
bermai (JL j (F) = remnants. See bermayi.
*bermal JLjaj £ ( ;-§). l) yard, square or courtyard
in front of a house (B/K); 2) vestibule, entry hall
(K); 3) salon, parlor (A/IF). [K/A/IF/B]
*bermali j £ (-ya;-ye). 1) [syn: kevani)
housewife ; 2) servant girl (JB3) [K/A/JB3/B]
bermalk JJ£ (-a; ). l) {syn: berdilk [4];
berk’o§; bervank; melitk; mezer [4]) apron; 2) bath
towel; 3) {syn: gezi) broom (Kzl/Qzl/GF). {also:
[bermai] JL(JJ)( [A/GF/Kzl/Qzl//JJ] <berk’o§>
bermay (SK) = remnants. See bermayi.
berma*yi £ (*yiya;*ye). 1) remnants,
remains, rest, what is left over: •Bermayiya
h£rs§ h§ di dile w§ da [m]abH (MB-Mayro)
The remnants of anger had remained in her heart;
2) food left over (F/B/JJ); 3) ruins: •[Mirov] xwe
di nav bermay§n dirokeke 5000 sal kevin
de dibine (Wit 1:21, p.16) One finds oneself amid
5,000-year-old historical ruins, [also: bermai (F);
bermay (SK); [bermai] (JJ)) Cf. Sor bermawe
ojLjaj = 'remnants, food left over’
[MB/Wlt/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//F//JJ/SK]
bernam*e ^b j*j £(IFb/F/K)/m/(OK) (• a/; ).
program, {also: berneme (K)) < P barname <^b;
Sor bername ^bj<^ [Ber/F/IFb/GF/TF/OK//K]
*bernav Jbj^ m.(K/F)/£(B) (-§/ ; /-§). 1) {syn:
dagek) preposition: -bernave cot bi cot (K)
paired preposition (e.g., ji ser, li ber; see K2, §386),
-bernave giranbar (K) compound preposition;
-bernave hesa (K) simple preposition; 2) {syn:
pronav) *pronoun (IF/GF). <ber = ’before’ + nav =
'name, noun’ )(neol)F/K/IF/B/GF]
berneme cAj j aj (K) = program. See bername.
beroj jg^/beroj [IFb/HH] fJm.(SK) (). 1)
{^nizar I) sunny side (of house, mountain, valley ,
etc.) ; warm place to sit to catch the sun during
chilly weather (IFb): *Dibejin di nihalekeda
riwiyek hebd...car digit befoji, car digti
nizari (SK 2:9) They say there was a fox [living] in
a ravine...so 2 netimes he would go on the sunny
side, sometimes on the shady side; 2) [warm] place
where sheep are led for grazing during the winter
(JJ). {also: berroj (A/GF/TF); berroj (K); [berouj]
(JJ); <beroj> (HH)) < ber = ’before, in front of +
roj = ’sun; day': Sor berroj Hjjoo = 'sunny side of
hill, adretto’ [SK//IFb/HH//A/GF/TF//K//JJ]
<berbero§k; zinar>
bero§ f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn : den I; di§t( cauldron;
(copper) cooking pot: •Bero§ tiji av e (AB) The
pot is full of water *Min bero§a mal§ girt H
ani dani ser kugik u agir da bin! (LC, p.24) I
took the household cauldron and put it on the
hearthstone and lit a fire underneath it *Te gi
dani bero§e, tu§ wi bixwi (Dz-#1488)
Whatever you put in the pot, you will eat it [prv.,
cf Eng 'As you sow, so shall you reap ']; -bin&
bero§e (Qin§) (burnt) rice at bottom of the pot
(considered a delicacy) {syn: verenk); 2) pail,
bucket: *Pi§ti ku diya min dew§ xwe dikila,
me§ka xwe ya re§ ji dar§ dadixist ... bi
dest§ raste bi lewleb§ p§§i ti. bi y6 gep§ ji
bi lewleb§ pa§i digirtin fl dew§ gil-sipi
vala dikir bero§e (Alkan, 71) After my mother
churned her buttermilk, she removed her black
43
skin butter churner from the wooden frame ... and
held the front handle bar with her right hand and
the back handle bar with her left, and emptied the
snow-white buttermilk into the pail; -bero§a ber
= milk-pail used in milking sheep, {also: [berouch]
dh>t (JI)*> <bero§> (HH))
[AB/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ] cmencel;
miqilk; qu§xane>
berp’al JL>j<y f. (-a;-e). 1) j also: berp’ali (B-2)}
cushion one leans on while sitting; bolster (of a
sofa) (K/B); 2) slope (K/B): *Gund li berpala
giyay§ Rojhilate bti. (Alkan, 70) The village
was on the slope of Mount Rojhilat; 3) side (K).
[Z-2/K/B/GF]
berp’ali (B) — bolster, cushion. See berp’al [1].
berper j«yj<y m. (-e; ). page (of a book): *Her wisa
govar berper§n xwe bo hemu kesan
vedike (Roja l[1996]:4) Likewise, the journal
opens its pages to everyone, {syn: rup’el) =Sor
lapere [Roj/Bar/OK]
berpirsiyar jL~(JB3) = responsible. See
berpirsiyar.
berpirsiyar! (JB3) = responsibility. See
* •
berpirsiyar!.
berpirsiyar adj. responsible, [also:
berpirsiyar (JB3)1 (syn: cabdar) (berpirsiyari;
berpirsiyari) [Ber/K//JB3]
berpirsiyari f. (). responsibility, {also:
berpirsiyari (JB3)} (syn: cabdari) [K//JB3]
<berpirsiyar>
berroj jgjj«y (A/GF/TF)/berroj (K) = sunny side.
See beroj.
bersef (IFb/GF) = porch, balcony. See bersifk.
bersifk f. ( ;-e). front porch, patio; balcony.
[also: bersef (IFb/GF); bersiv II (Dh); <bersivk>
<^.1 <?«< jAj (Hej)) (syn: berbanik)
[Bw//Hej//Dh//IFb/GF] <behwe>
bersing See bersing.
*ber sinig (XF/AId). See bersing.
bersiv I j f. (-a ;-e) . answer: *Ev ser§ saleke
ye ku mamoste Kevanot li bendi bersiveke
ye, ew bersiva ku wi bi dilpekin dipa, iro
nil gihi§tiye dest§ wi (Lab, 5) It has been a year
that Professor Kevanot has been awaiting an
answer-the answer he has been awaiting with
beating heart has just reached him today; -
bersivdan (TF)/bersiv dan (IFb) to answer,
reply (syn: cab dan; vegerandin). [also: bersiv
(AB/JB3/IFh/GF-2/OK)) (syn: cab [l])
[AB/JB 3/IFb/OK//K/A/GF/TF/B w]
bersiv II j AJ (Dh) = porch, balcony. See bersifk.
bersivk dJL,j<y(Hej) = porch, balcony. See bersifk.
bersing J Aj ’ -bersing girtin (Hk) to have a
confrontation, confront, attack offensively; to curb,
stop: *Htin dikarin milyoneke mirovan
bilez veguhezine Seule. Heke me ew
mayinen ku ji bo bersinggirtina bizaveke
wehe ... neban, gu kese ku ez dinasim
bawer nedikir ku ... me dikari bizaveke
wesa bisekininin (VoA[Hk]) You can move a
million people into Seoul pretty quickly. And no
one I know believes that ... we could do anything
to stop that if we didn't have the strong deterrent of
the landmines *Serekwezir§ Tirkiye ye
parezyar ye nu Mesut Yilmaz soz daye ku
ji bo bersinggirtina wan zedegaviyan
pengaven xurt bihav§jit (VoA[Hk]) Turkey’s
new conservative prime minister, Mesut Yilmaz,
has promised to take concrete measures to curb
abuses, {also: bersing; *ber sinig girtin (XF/AId))
{syn: *berahiya ... girtin) [Bw/Hk/GF//XF/AId]
bersiv (AB/JB3/IFb/GF/OK) = answer. See
bersiv I.
bersoj (Bw) = heartburn. See bersojk.
bersojk f (-a;-e). heartburn; indigestion:
•Bersoj ya hati (or, ya li) min (Bw) I have
indigestion, {also: bersoj (Bw); ber§o§k (B); ber§o$ki
(K/A/Kmc-#1568); [ber-choch] (JJ)) < ber +
soj-(sotin) = 'to burn'
[Zeb/IFb//Bw//B//K/A/Kmc//B]
bersti (B) = collar. See berstu.
berstoj^ Jt y (IFb/OK) = collar. See berstti.
berstu (K/B) = collar. See berstti.
herstuk (A) = collar. See berstu.
berstu fJni.(OK) (-ya/;-ye/). collar: *Zelixe
pafa dest daveje berstflya wi (Ba3-3, #29)
Zulaikha grabs his collar from behind, {also: bersti
(B); bersto (IFb/OK); berstu (K/B-2); berstuk (A))
{syn: girivan; p’esir [2]; pisto; yax)
[Ba3-l/F/GF//B//IFb/OK//K//A]
ber§i ^jaj m.&f. (-y§/-ya; ). namesake; form of
address between namesakes. [Bw/Dh]
ber§Oj-ij*y f (). change of clothes, extra set of clothes
(K); reserve, spare (JJ): *[Cil6d <min> dijtin
bfiyine, ber§oyed <min> bine, da ez ciled
xwe veguhorim] (JR) <My> clothes are dirty,
bring <my> spare set so that 1 can change *[Jina
Mela Bazidi inan ew dest£ ciled melayi ku
ber§o bdn, daye jaran] (JR) Mullah Bazid's wife
took the mullah's spare set of clothes and donated
it to the poor, {also: [ber-chou ]^ (JJ)} { syn:
bedilg’ek) < ber = 'before, front' + §o- = 'wash'
[JR/K/JJ]
ber§o§k (B) = heartburn. See bersojk.
ber§o§ki (K/A/Kmc-#1568) = heartburn. See
bersojk.
b e rt eng <j£j<*Tjj«\j/berteng U3 [GF/OK/Hej] adj.
narrow, cramped, crowded (e.g., of a dwelling):
-berteng kirin (Zeb) to oppress, repress, harass
{syn: pergiqandin; tepeser kirin)
[Zeb/Bw//GF/OK/Hej] cteng I; tengav>
bertil JJjaj m./f.(B/OK) ( ; /-e). bribe; bribery,
graft; extortion, embezzlement: «Bertil kevira
nerm dike (L) The bribe softens rocks [prv.[
•Eze herim pS§iya vi bazirgani, je
bistinim bertil u baced girane (Z-l) I'll go
after that caravan and get from it (him) great bribes
and taxes, [also: [bertil] (JJ); <bertil> J~j^
(HH)) {syn: bex§i§ [3]; ru§et) Cf. Ar bartll
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
berii ^jcu/beril^jcv, [AA] f.(Kmc-6)/m.(JB3/OK)
( /-ye; ). acorn: -beruye malan (JB3) mast,
edible acorn; -beruye pezan (JB3) [non-edible]
acorn. { also: [beru) (JJ); <beru>(HH)} {syn:
p’alud) Cf. Sor beru^co; Za bel[l]i/bellu f. (Mai);
Hau belli ni. = 'oak'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Kmc-6//AA]
*beruk f (). 1) chest, breast; front part of body
(K); 2) tether, thong, breast-piece (of harness) (JJ).
{also: [berouk] (JJ)) [K/JJJ <hevsar; pa§il>
bervaji ^ (IFb/GF) = inside out; on the contrary.
See berevaji.
bervanek (B) = apron. See bervank.
bervang (GF) = apron. See bervank.
bervank JjUj^ f. (-a;-e). apron, {also: bervanek (B);
bervang (GF); berwank (IFb/OK); [bervanik] JUjjj
(JJ)) {syn: berdilk [4]; berk’o§; bermalk [1]; melitk;
mezer [4]) Sor berwanke
[Elk/F/K//GF//JJ/B/IFb/OK] <berk’o§>
berwal J](GF/HH) = slope. See berwar.
berwank (IFb/OK) = apron. See bervank.
berwar m.(K)/f.(IFb/F/B) (-e/-a;/-e). 1) [syn:
hevraz) slope (of hill), incline, descent (K/A/IF/JJ);
gradient (JB3): *Weke hertim peze xwe
berdaye berware giyaye neziki gund (Ardu,
p.l 14) As usual, he led his sbeep to a mountain
slope near the village; 2) bend, twist (in a road)
(B); 3) {syn: geperast) across (in crossword puzzles)
(Bw); 4) *(calendrical) date (K[s]/JB3/IF):
unacceptable neologism, based on misinterpreting
the geographical name Berwari for a noun
meaning 'date' [see: A.R. Zabihi. Qamusi Zimani
Kurd! (Baghdad : KZK Press, 1977), v.l, pp. 61-2;
Amir Hassanpour. Nationalism and Language in
Kurdistan 1918-1985 (San Franciso : Mellen
Research University Press, 1992), pp. 401-2) {also:
berwal (GF-2); bewrar, f. (F); [ber-var] j)^> (JJ);
<berwal> (HH)) [EP-
7/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//F//HH]
berx f./m.(OK) (-a/-e;-e/). lamb: -berxa me
(BK) female lamb; -berxe ner (BK) male lamb.
I also: [berkh] ^ (JJ); <berx> ^ (HH)) <*barx
<*warrak <0 Ir *warnaka- (A&L p. 87 [VII, 4] + 94
[XVIII, 1] + 97 [XXI, 6]): Sor berx = 'lamb
before first shearing'; Za vere[k] m. (Mai); Hau were
122. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/BK/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<berd!r; begi I; kar I; mi I>
berxep jAj f. (). on a traditional plow, the
washers which fasten the pins [xep] that connect
the beam [mijane] to the body of the plow [cot].
= NENA bosa bosa L2 )j9±j = 'wooden ring
used in stables; stick bent into a circle fastened to
the yoke of a plough and to the beam' (Maclean)
[Zeb] <xep>
berxik = dim. of berx.
ber xweda (XF)/berxweda (K) adv. to
oneself; quickly; quietly, gently, in a barely
audible voice, in a whisper, not saying aloud, not
expressing outwardly, mentally: *W! gaxi Osib
ber xweda dibeje Zelixe (Ba-1, #16) Then
Joseph quietly says to Zulaikha ... [Ba-l/K/XF]
<ber II>
berxwedan q) f. (). 1) resistance, endurance;
2) to resist (IFb/GF/Mzg/Kr§). See li ber xwe
dan. [K/IFb/GF] <serhildan>
berz Jjcaj adj. high, fsjm: bilind; quloz) [Pok. bheregh-
140.] 'high'->*bhergh-; Skt brhant- [brhat]; O Ir
*barza-: Av barazant-; Old P *br8ant-; Sor berz
45
Jj*j; Za berz (Todd/JJ); cf. also P burz j^j =
'tallness, stature’; Germ Berg = 'mountain'; see:
Haoma §255, p. 139 [K/A/JB3/IF] See also bilind.
<bala>
berza \jjoo adj. 1) { syn: winda) lost (M/K/Hk): -berza
btin: a) to be or get lost (K); b) to be absent (JJ)
{also: [berze bouin] (JJ)}; c) to disappear:
•"Sefera te dtir kewt, neko li Dehlewi
bibini, egerne ji deste te go." Digel we
xebere derwe§ ji-pe§ gawet wi bezir bo (SK
44:422) 'Your journey is longer now. Either you
will find (what you seek) in Delhi or not at all.'
With these words the dervish disappeared from
before his eyes »Wext§ ko ji fawe hatinewe
'Iso cil&t derwe§an di-ber xo kirin, bi §ew
der-kewt, go de§ta Hewlere, bo a§ewan.
Salek go, ’Iso bezir bo. Kes nezani 'Iso
k§we goye (SK 21:191) When they came back
from the hunt, Iso put on dervishes' clothes, set off
at night and went to the plain of Arbil and became
a miller. A year went by and there was no sign of
Iso. No one knew whither Iso had gone; -berza
kirin (K/Hk)/berze kirin (JB3/Bw): a) to lose
[syn: winda kirin}; b) to destroy, eliminate; to cause
to disappear, spirit away: »Ez razi:me sebeb
xo, ji kes 'aciz nime, emma ditirsim ko
silsila me§aixan ji wi ’aciz bit, batini wi
bigirin o bezir ken (SK :528) For myself I do
not mind, I am not angry with anyone, but I fear
that the line of Shaikhs may be angry with him and
take him and spirit him away in secret; 2) absent
(K/JJ). [also: berze (K-2/JB3/Bw); bezir (SK); bizir I
(K[s]); [berze oj^/bezra ojjj\ (JJ)} Cf. Sor bizir jjj
[M/K/Hk//JJ/JB3/Bw//SK]
berze (K/JB3/JJ/Bw) = lost; absent. See berza.
berzin I m. (). a colt or foal old enough to be
ridden, i.e., a three-year old colt.
[Trg/A/IFb/GF/FJ] <cani; nuzin>
bes I adj . 1) enough, sufficient: *Bes e = It is
enough »Bese, min ter xwar (B) That’s enough,
I’ve eaten my fill »Ev besi meye (K) This is
enough for us; 2) [+ imperative] Stop doing stgA ,
Quit doing stg.h • Bes biguket xelki bikuje!
(M-Am #730, p.336) Don't kill people's children
anymore *Bes v§ gotind bike! (IFb) Quit saying
that!; 3) [syn: le I; lebele} but (Dh): *Bes insan ji
lazim e bo xo nesibeti ji w§ HekayetS
bigirit (SK 2:17) But man too should draw the
moral from this story *Bes xo nekene xesaretS
dunya ft axirete (SK 57:677) But do not destroy
yourselves in this world and the next, [also: [bes]
^ (JJ); <bes> ^ (HH)} Cf. P bas Sor bes ^
[M-Am/K/A/IFb/B/SK/JJ/HH/GF/TF/AD] ct’er I>
be’s II (B/K) = discussion. See behs.
besire n j . (). 1) [syn: cur I (Msr); harsim; §ilur
(IF)) unripe or sour grapes (A/IF); 2) sour juice of
grapes (JJ). [also: bessire (GF); besire (Bw); [bessira]
(JJ); <besire> (HH)} <Arc besar 1071 =
'to begin to boil, be in the first stage of ripening' +
participle besir TOO (m.)/besira XT00 (f.) = 'in
the early stage of ripening': NENA basskra
(Krotkoff): cf. Heb boser 100 'unripe fruit'; Sor
bersile = 'unripe (of fruits)’ (K3)
[ A/IFb/JJ/GF//HH/B w]
best f (-a;-e). 1) [syn: de§t; rast [6]} plain,
prairie, steppe; level expanse; lowland: «Besteke
xire-xali k’ete pe§ya Meme u Bor (FK-eb-1)
Mem and Bor came upon a barren plain; 2) valley-
vale: *Dibejin besteki [sic] beran li-teni§t
gunde wan heye. Wext§ digin e sefer§ ji
rewe digin e-naw besta beran (SK 12:117)
They say that there is a stony vale next to their
village. When they go on a journey they go first of
all to the vale of stones; 3) field, piece of land: *Li
besta pe§ mala te ew rez bi cerge bisekine
(Ba3-3, #8) [They] should go line up in a group on
the field in front of your house.
[FK-l/F/K/A/B/SK] <beri II; gol; gel! II>
*bestin vt. (-bend-/-best-[M]/-bestin-[IF]).
1) | syn: giredanj’to tie (up), bind (K/IF/JJ); to tie
(animals) up (IF); 2) to freeze (vt) . [also: [bestin]
(JJ)} [Pok. bhendh- 127.] 'to bind'—> Skt
bandh- [IX badhnati]; O Ir *band- (Tsb 44): O P &
Av basta- <*bazda- (present stem: Old P bandaya-
/Av ba.ndaya- causative in form ); Sgd Pynt- [vend-
]; Mid P bastan (band-) = 'to tie, bind' & band =
'bond, link'; P bastan (band-)C^); Sor bestin
(-best-); Za besti§ (Mai) [K/IF(s)/M/JJ/SK]
be§ I f./m.(Ber) [ /-§; ). 1) [syn: bir [2]; deq [6]}
part, section: *Pirsa hinkirina ziman§ kurdi
iro li hergar be§en Kurdistan§ ji qedexeye
(Ber) The question of teaching the Kurdish
language today is forbidden in all four parts of
Kurdistan »Li vi be§§ KurdistanS (Ber) In this
part of Kurdistan; 2) { syn: behr I; p’ar II; pari [1];
p’ay; pi§k) share. [Pok. 1. bhag- 107.] 'to share out,
apportion; also, to get a share': P baxs =
‘portion, share, part'; Sor be§ Hau be§e f =
'share, portion’ (M4). bac & bext come from the
same root [Ber/K(s)/A/JB3/IF/SK] <be§dar; ker I>
be§ II (jidu in. (). 1) blaze, star, white spot, or mark
on the forehead of a horse or cow (B/JJ); 2) [adj.]
possessing a blaze, star, or white spot on the
forehead (of horses and cattle) (K/B/IF/HH); 3)
outstanding, prominent (ofpeople) (K). {also: [bech]
(JJ); <he§> jso (HH)1 [K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
be§ III { j,< u: -be§ kirin (Zeb) to open (one's
mouth), bare (one's teeth): *Gur xwe da ber
tehteke, pez avete aliki, u diranen xwe li
min be§ kirin (E§, p.16) The wolf ran over to a
boulder, threw the sheep to one side, and bared its
teeth to me; -dev be§ kirin (Zeb) do.: •Riwi gu,
got, "...Kileyeki li qele bikem, belku tola
xo j§ wekem" ... Riwi gh bin dara guze ...
xo li bin guze direj kir, xo mirand. Qavdt
xo ber spi kirin, dewe xo be§ kir, kelbet
xo gir kirin, me§ hatine dewe wi (SK 3:23)
The fox went away, saying, "I had better go and
play a trick on the crow. Perhaps I can have my
revenge on her." ... The fox went beneath a walnut
tree ... he stretched himself out at the foot of the
walnut tree and made out to be dead. He turned
up the whites of his eyes, hung his mouth open and
bared his teeth. Flies came into his mouth
[Zeb/E§] <qig kirin; vekirin>
be§dar m.&f (). 1) participant: -be§dar bun
(Kmc) to participate, take part (in): *Hevalen ku
di ve civine de be§dar bun ev bun (Kmc)
The friends who took part in this meeting were the
following ...; 2) partner (A/IF); 3) companion (K[s]);
accomplice (K[s]); 4) shareholder (IF). < be§ = 'part,
share’ + -dar = one who has'. Sor be§dar =
'participant, shareholder 1 |be§darf)
[Kmc/K(s)/A/JB3/IF] <be§ I; hevp’ar>
be§dari f (-ya;-ye). participation.
[IFb/GF/TF/OK] <be§dar>
be§er I f. (-a;-e). 1) mood, humor, spirits: »Le
nh§ri be§era tskender xrabe (EH) She saw
that Iskender was in bad spirits; -be§era xwe§ (F)
good humor, a good mood: *Be§era (wi) xa§ bu
(XF) (He) was in a good mood; 2) external
appearance (K); face, countenance (A).
[EH/F/K/A/B/XF] <bedbe§er>
he§e§in (TF) = to smile. See be§i§in.
be§i§in vi. (-be§i§-). to smile, {also: be§e§m
(TF)) {syn: hi§kurin; girnijm)[Qm§/§nx/A/IFb//TF]
be§t £ 0- crossbeam, long beam applied to
ceiling, transom; beam, girder, {syn: k’eran)
[K/A/IFb/GF/TF/AD] <garite; max; mertak; rot>
bet f. (-a;-e). various duck-like birds : 1) bustard,
zool. Otis tarda (K/IF/JJ): *Miri§ke g’av li bet£
kir, quna we g’irand (L) When the chicken
looked at the bustard [=tried to imitate it], she tore
her rear end ]prv.]\ 2) duck (B/HH/GF); 3) wild
goose (A/JJ); 4) partridge (K). {also: bed (B); [bat]
(JJ); <bet> kj (HH)) Cf. Ar batt(ah) COk = 'duck'; P
bat[t] k; Sor bet = ’wild duck’; T bat [Ardahan
-Kars] = ’duck' (DS, v.2, p. 568); W Arm pat pini>;
cf. also Sp pato & pata; S Cr patka, both meaning
’duck', & Alb pate f. - ’goose’
[L/K/A/IF/GF//JJ/HH//B] cmiravi; qaz; sone;
werdek>
beta boo: -beta vebun (K) to disappear, vanish:
• Kale li ber p’ad§e betavedibe (Z-921) The
old man vanished from the king's midst, {syn: roda
gun; (ji ber) winda bun) [Z-921/K] <berza>
betal adj. 1) free, idle, unoccupied; 2) vain,
futile, useless; false, sham; worthless, void,
abrogated (SK); 3) {syn: bo§ I; vala) empty, void:
-betal kirin (K) to render empty or void: *§owq
u §emala wma, hergar lamba betal kiriye
(Z-3) His radiance cancelled out the four lamps; 4)
careless, unconcerned; carefree, {also: bettal (SK);
<betal> Jlk (HH)) <Ar battal Jlk = 'idle,
v
unemployed'; Sor betal Jb**j = 'empty,
unemployed' {betali; betalti) [Z-
1/K/A/JB3/B//HH//SK]
betali f. ( ;-ye). idleness, inactivity, {also:
betalti (B-2); [batalia] Jlk (JJ)) [K/B//JJ] <betal>
betalti (B) = idleness. See betali.
••
betan in. ( ; beten). 1) j syn: temar) vein;
sinew, tendon; 2) film, lining (on meat) (B/K);
lining (of coat) (JJ/HH/A/IF). {also: [batan] (JJ);
<betan> jlk (HH)) Cf. Ar bitanah ^olk = ’interior;
lining (of garment)' [F/K/A/IF/B//JJ/HH]
betilin jkb^/betilfn j-kb^[Bw] vi. (-betil-
/betil- [Bw]). 1) {syn: qefilin [2]; re l t bun; westin)
to get or become tired, to tire (vi.); 2) to be
47
waterlogged, drink so much that you burst, be
bloated (Bw): •Min hind av ya vexari, ez e
b etilim (Bw) I drank so much water that I burst,
(aiso: [batelin] (JJ)} < Ar Vb-t-1 JJ=u = 'to be
idle' [Bw/JJ//Qzl/K/IFb/(RZ)]
bet’irper^.^^ (K/B/IFb/OK/HH) = three days ago.
See betraper.
bet’irperar jl Jdytoo (K/B/IFb/HH) = three years ago.
See betraperar.
betraper JL> v ) ytoo adv. three days ago. {also: bePirper
(K/ETFb/OK-2); bitirper (IFb-2); [petera per] (JJ-G);
<be ir per> (HH)} <Arc batar dn[K]2 = ’after,
behind' & Syr batar oJsjd = 'after, following’ [cf.
NENA b&thar/bar = 'after, behind' (Maclean) &
Turoyo bit[t]ir = do.] + per = ’two days ago'; Sor
besirpere [Bw/OK//K/IFb/B/HH//JJ-G]
<dihi; dusibe; per>
betrapSrar J\y>ooadv. three years ago. {also:
bet’irperar (K/B/IFb); bitirperar (IFb-2/GF); <betir
perar> (HH)} <Arc batar = 'after,
behind' + perar = ’two years ago'; Sor besirperar
A (K2) [OK//K/IFb/B/HH//GF] <par I; perar>
bettal JlhL<v (SK) = idle; worthless. See betal.
bev§ (IFb/B) = comb-shaped loom part. See bef§.
bewrar Jf- (F) = slope. See berwar.
bexge f. (JB3) = garden. See baxge.
bexgevan jU (JB3) = gardener. See baxvan.
bexeri ^jls .00 = fireplace; chimney. See pixerik.
bexir* e o( ;•§) (K/B) = fireplace; chimney. See
pixdrik.
bex§andin vt. (-bex§in-). 1) { syn: 'efu
kirin; leborin; le xwe§ bun) to forgive, pardon:
•Te bi sere mire §eqlawe sunde, we care
be-edebiya me bibex§e (SK 13:127) We
conjure you by the head of the Mir of Shaqlawa,
forgive our rudeness this time; 2) {syn: p 5 e§k 5 e§
kirin} to present, give (as a gift) . [also: bex§- (SK);
bax§andin (K); [bekhichandin] qj (JJ)} Cf. P
baxsidan Hau bex§ay (bex§-) vf. = ’to
forgive; to distribute' (M4) [K//A/JB3/B//JJ//SK]
bex§i§ f. (-a;-S).l) tip, monetary gift,
gratuity: -bex§i§ H bac (Z-l) tips and taxes; 2)
gift, present; 3) {syn: bertll; ru§et} greasing the
palm, kickback, bribe, {also: bax§i§ (K);
[bekhchich] (JJJ; <bex§i§> (HH)} Cf. P
baxses —> Ar baxsis
[K//A/JB3/B/JJ/HH] <bert!l>
bext mJf.(JJ) (-§/- a; ). 1) luck, chance, fate,
lot, destiny: -bext il miraz (XF): a) happiness; b)
secret dream; -[bi] bext ra (K) luckily,
fortunately: *bi bexte gundiara (Ba2:l, p.203)
. luckily for the villagers; -bext§ fk-§
aniye/biriye (B/XF) s.o. got lucky: *V§ bahar§
bexte min biri (Ba2-#2, p.209) This summer 1
got lucky; -Ez bexte teme (K)/Ez bexte
tedame (B) Please, I beg you: *Ez bext§ teme,
arik’ariy§ bide min (K) Please help me; -xwe
avetin bexte yeki (IFb)/xwe avitin ber
bext§ fk-e (XF) to beg, beseech, implore, throw
o.s. at s.o.'s feet: •Min i ku nehiri nabe, ve
care ji min xwe havet bexte wi (Lab, 7)
When I saw that it wasn’t working, then I threw
myself at his feet; 2) honor (JB3). {also: [bekht]
(JJ); <bext> (HH)} [Pok. 1. bhag- 107.] 'to share
out, apportion; also, to get a share': Skt bhakta- =
’allotted, apportioned’; Av baxta- = 'fate, destiny';
Pahl baxt = ’fate'; P baxt (Horn #185)--> T
baht; Sor bext = 'luck, fortune', bac & be§ I
come from the same root
[Ba2/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH/JJ/SK] cbebext; eninivis>
bextere§ (BK) = unlucky; unhappy. See
bextfe§.
bextewar adj . 1) happy, glad: *Bekir§
Ewan ew meriveki fesad fl §eytan bxl lema
nedihi§t Mem u Zin bextewar bin (K-d§) B.E.
was a dissolute and devilish man because he did
not let Mem and Zin be happy; 2) lucky, fortunate;
3) loyal, faithful, devoted (K); 4) [m.[ lucky man
(B). {also: bextewer (GF); bextiyar (IFb-2/GF-2);
bextiyar (TF); bextyar (OK-2)j Cf. P baxtiyar jLxiy -
-> T bahtiyar; Sor bextyar = 'lucky'
(bextewari; bexteweri; bext[i]yari}
[K-dS/K/IFb/B//GF/OK//TF]
bextewari f. (-ya;-[y]e). 1) happiness,
• •
felicity; 2) good luck, good fortune: •Em tera
bextewarie dixwazin (Ba2:2, p.207) We want
good luck for you [i.e., We are on your side, We
have good intentions]; 3) devotion, faithfulness,
loyalty (K). {also: bexteweri (GF); bextiyari (A/GF-
2); bextiyari (TF); bextyari (OK-2)}
[K/IFb/B//GF/OK//A//TF] <bextewar>
bextewer (GF/OK) = happy; lucky. See
bextewar.
48
bexteweri (GF/OK) = happiness; luck. See
««
bextewari.
bextiyar jLxi*, (IFb/GF) = happy; lucky. See
bextewar.
bextiyari (A/GF) = happiness; luck. See
bextewari.
bextiyar (TF) = happy; lucky. See bextewar.
bextiyari (TF) = happiness; luck. See
bextewari.
bextre§ adj. 1) { syn: beyom; deran II; reben
I) unlucky, unfortunate: *Eze bextere§ (BK)
Unlucky me (m.) »Eza bextere§ (BK) Unlucky
me (f.) »Mina Zina bextre§ (Ba) Like unlucky
Zin (from the epic Mem u Zin/Meme Alan); 2)
unhappy (JB3). [also: bextere§ (BK)) < bext = 'luck'
+ re§ = 'black' |bextfe§i) [K/A/JB3/IF/B/BK)
bextre§i f. ( ;-ye). 1) unluckiness;
misfortune; 2) unhappiness. [IF/B] <bextre§>
bextyar (OK) = happy; lucky. See bextewar.
bextyari (OK) = happiness; luck. See
bextewari.
beyaname (H2/K) = declaration. See
beyanname.
beyannam*e Lil.su f (•a;»e). declaration,
(written) statement: »Bi tene balafiren ingilizi
di ser bajer re firiyan u hin beyaname
avdtin e. Bi van beyanaman general
Wilson, serfermandare le§keren
sondxwariyan, ji general Denz dixwest ko
bajare §ame bajare berdayi ilan bike u
eskeren xwe je biki§ine (H2 9:31, p.775)
English planes only flew over the city and dropped
some statements [from the air]. I 11 the statements
General Wilson, commander-in-chief of the allied
troops, asked General Denz to declare Damascus a
free city and to withdraw his troops from it. [ also:
beyaname (H2/K)) [syn: daxuyani; ‘elametj Cf. P
bayan’name & T beyanname
[H2/K//IFb/GF]
beyar jl»<u /. ( ;-e). fallow land, land not plowed in
the autumn after its crops have been harvested:
•‘Erda ku te mefisul j§gini, H dema kelana
w§ payize neye kelan, beyar e (Qzl) Land
whose crops you have gathered, and is not plowed
in the fall at the time of plowing, is "beyar" *Ew
betek bu, te li beyareke girt (Qzl) That was a
bustard (duck-like bird) you caught in a fallow field
(i.e., you may not have that opportunity again).
[also: [beiar] jL> (JJ)) [Qzl/Kmc-
8/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF) <bor III; hox; kat II;
k’ew§an; k’irebe; §ov; zevi>
beybftn f ( ;-£). 1) camomile (K/IF/F); 2)
dandelion (K); 3) jonquil, bot. Narcissus jonquila
[A).[also: baibun (F); baybun (B-2); bebun (Haz);
bibun; [babuna /baibun (JJ); <beybun>
c j 5 ^o (HH)} Cf. P babune = ’camomile’ --> Ar
babunaj Sor beybun/bebun
[K/IF/A/B?JJ/HH//F//Haz]
beydar jIajoo (A) = veterinarian. See beyt’ar.
beydax aj.su (SK) = flag. See beraq.
beyi -beyi bun (IFb) = to fade; to wither. See
• •
beyin.
beyin vl (-bey-), l) to fade (of colors); 2) to
wither, dry up and die (of plants): *Giya beyi
bun (IFb) The plants have withered, [also: beyi
bun (IFb); cf. also [behin] (JJ) = 'to fall off the
stalk' [Fr segrener]) [syn: sis [II] bun) [Bw//IFb]
<behitin; sis II>
beylu 3 *T<v (Z-3) = clear, obvious. See belu.
beyraq (K/B) = flag. See beraq.
beyraqbir m. (). flag-bearer, standard-bearer,
(syn: beraqdar) [K]
beyraqdar jIjj)(K/B) = flag-bearer. See beraqdar.
beyt/beyt’ [B] 00 *u f (-a;-e). 1) verse of poetry; 2)
Yezidi religious hymn (K/Z): *Qewl u beyt’e
ezdiya (Z-711) Yezidi religious poems and
hymns; 3) [primarily Sor & S Kurm] [syn: qewl)
romance, type of story, narrative poem; an orally
transmitted story which is either entirely sung or is
a combination of sung verse and spoken prose
[Amir Hassanpour-Aghdam. "Bayt" in:
Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 4, fasc. 1, pp. 11-12.].
{also: belt (F); [belt] (JJ)) < Ar bayt = 'house,
verse'; Sor beyt c*j*j = 'narrative poem'
[K/IF/JJ/SK//B/Z-711//F] <destan; qewl>
beyt’ar ni. ( ). veterinarian, veterinary surgeon,
animal doctor, farrier: *Bexdo him beyt’are,
him nalbende (FK-kk-13:126) Beghdo is both a
veterinarian and a blacksmith • [Ilia ji Ekradan
barutp£j u §oreci u beytar heyn] (BN 134)
[Of professions] there are only gunpowder and
saltpeter manufacturers and veterinarians from the
Kurds, [also: beydar (A); beyt’er (B); [baitar]
(JJ); <beytar> jlko (HH)) < Arbaytar jlLuu < Lat
49
B_
veterinae = 'beasts of burden’; Sor bey tar jbqcu
[FK-kk-13/K/IFb//BN/JJ/HH// B//A]
beyt’er (B) = veterinarian. See beyt’ar.
beytik m. (). sparrow, zool. Passer domesticus:
•Qhvikeki beytik hebfl, kete quid (L-2, p.20)
There was a sparrow, it entered [its] hole, {syn:
g’uk I; gunce§k) [L/K/IFb/GF/TF/RZ]
beyv oij = almond. See behiv.
bez I m. (-e; bdz, vi bezi). fat, grease, lard,
suet, tallow: •Rovi Tabu hergi go§te nerm u
bez li ber §er damn (Dz) The fox placed all the
tender meat and fat before the lion, [also: [bez]
(JJ); <bez> jp (HH)} [syn: don) Cf. Skt vedhas =
originally: 'one who gives fattening to the deity':
<0 Ir *wazda- (A&L p.85 [V, 5]): Av vazdah- =
'sturdy' [bestandig] ritual term denoting the
strengthening of a divinity by feeding if, offering
oblations/libations of fat, milk, ghee ; Khwarezmian
uzda/a(h) = 'fat, grease'; Pamir dialects: Yidgha
wazd (Morg); Shughni dialects: Yazghulami wuzd;
Sarikoli ‘wast’; Wanji waz (Morg2); Pashto wazda f.
= ’fat, grease' [Fett]; Gilaki = vaz; Sor bez joo = ’fat';
Za vazd m. (Hadank) [Dz/K/A/}B3/B/JJ/HH/SK]
<azuxe [2]; givir; tewa§>
be’z II>*<u (FK-eb-2) = falcon. See baz I.
bezandin (jjjljou vt. (-bezin-). to let or make s.o.
run, to race (a horse) (vt.): •Hevaleki ji ye me
got: Eme li k’ere swar bin, u bibazenin
(HR-I, 2:10) One of our friends said, “Let’s mount
the donkey and make her run!”; -hespa xwe
bezandin (IFb) to race one’s horse, [also:
bazandin (-bazen-) (HR-I); [bezandin] (}})]
for bazandin (HR-I), cf. also bazdan [l] = 'to run’
[HR-I//K/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK] cbazdan [1]; bezin>
bezir jj^j (SK) = lost; absent. See berza.
beziyan (JB3) = to run. See bezin.
bezin vi. (-bez-). 1) {syn: bazdan [1]] to run:
•Ji kdfa re beziya, hat maid (L) Full of joy, he
ran home; 2) to be defeated (A); 3) [+ keseki ] to
fight (with) (B). [also: beziyan (JB3); [bezin]
(JJ)} [Pok. uegh- 1118.] 'to move, go, travel': O Ir
*vaz- (Tsb 37): Av vaz- (pres, vaza-) = 'to go,
travel, fly'; Sor bezin = 'to be vanquished;
halt to camp’; Za vazdana [ve§ti§] = 'to run' (Todd).
Also cf. the range of meanings of Ar inhazam
VII = to be defeated; (Clq Palestinian) to run away'
[BX/K/A/JB3/JJ/B/SK] <bezandin>
be I prep. 1) without; -less: *bd lez tirs (BX)
Aft
without haste or fear, calmly *b§ min = without
me ®be ti§t = without anything •be xwed§ (Ba)
godless, without God •bei tu di§wariy§ (BX)
without any difficulty; -b§i ko [+ subj.] = without
...-ing: •Bel ko te bigota, min zani btl (BX)
Without your saying, I knew; 2) [syn: ji ... pe ve; ji
bill; xenci) except for, besides: *B§ wan kes ne
hat (BX) No one came but them *Ev erd@ han e
gele kurd e u be wan kes te de runane (BX)
This land belongs to the Kurdish people, and
besides them nobody lives on it # Be zimane
xwe, gelemperiya xelken vi bajari bi tirki
dizanin (BX) Besides their own language, most of
the people of this city know Turkish; 3) contrary
to, against: # Be gotiniya min kir (BX) He went
against my advice, [also: bei (BX-2); beyi (Z-l); [bi]
^ (JJ); <be> ^ (HH)} Cf. O P *apaiy (<apa + id)
(Hiibsch #247); Pahl ape & Pazand awe; P bi
Sor be Za be (Mai & Todd)
[BX/K/A/JB3/B/HH/SK//JJ]
be II ^ conj. whether, to see if... (signals indirect
• •
question). According to W. Fischer & O. Jastrow
[for Arabic as spoken in Mardin]: "be (Kurdish)
introduces general relative sentences" [from: "Text
aus Qartmin (Mardin- Dialekte)", in Handbuch der
Arabischen Dialekte (Wiesbaden: Otto
Harrassowitz, 1980), pp. 165-69. My translation]:
•Geli bira, §eriti bi newqa mi ve gir§
bidin u min dahejin bird, eze binerim be
ava we gawa ye (L) Brothers, tie a rope around
my waist and let me down into the well, I will see
how its water is •Eme sualeke Id bikin, bd ev
gi kesek e, ji ku te, we here ku (L) We'll ask
him who he is, where he comes from, where he is
going »Ez we gavd nizanim bd ezd gi ji wan
re bejim (L) I wouldn't know what to tell them
•Wellah, ezd bird xwe biceribinim,
binerim bd mdrin, be gewa ne (L) I'll test my
brothers to see if they are men, what they're worth
•Ew gel kele§ hatine ku§tin. Em nizanin
bd ki ku§tine (L) These 40 brigands were killed.
We don’t know who killed them *Xwede
hebina, tud rast ji min re bdje bd gima tud
digiri (L) For the love of God, tell me truly why
you are crying! (syn: gika (J/Z); k’a II [2] (EP); qe
(Z)] [L]
50
beaqil JslS£> /JjU.^ ad/. stupid, {also: beaql (SK);
be'eql (SK-2); [bi-aqil] (JJ)) {syn: aqilsivik;
seflh) (beaqili; beaqilti) [K/B//JJ//SK] <aqil I; aqil II>
beaqili / ( ;-ye). stupidity, {also:
beaqilti (B-2)j [F/K/B] <beaqil>
beaqilti (B) = stupidity. See beaqili.
beaql (SK) = stupid. See beaqil.
bebar jL>£y (B) = barren. See bdber.
beber adj. fruitless, barren, sterile (of trees and
plants [K/B/IFb]; of people and animals [IFb/GF]/.
{also: bebar (B)) (syn: xir§) [Bw/K/IFb/GF/OK//B]
cbeweg; bezuret; stewir>
bebext adj. 1) dishonest; dishonorable;
unfaithful; 2) ^miserable, unfortunate; 3) ill-
omened (SK); 4 )[m.[ traitor, betrayer, {also: [bi-
bekht/be-bakht] (JJ)) < be = 'without' + bext
= 'luck' (bebexti) [L/K/JB3/B/SK/GF/TF//JJ]
bebexti /. (-ya;-ye). 1) dishonesty, deceit,
perfidy; dishonor; -bebexti kirin (K/B) to act
dishonestly, commit an act of deceit: # Vi weziri
ev bebextiya digel min kiri ti vi melaye§
ev bebextiya digel min kiri (M, #701, p.316)
This vizier did these treacherous things to me, and
this mullah also did these treacherous things to me;
2) treason, betrayal: •Bebextiya xwe pe§
gavdn min kir (BX) He showed me [lit. 'put
before my eyes'] his dishonesty/betrayal; 3)
^misery, misfortune, unhappiness.
[BX/K/JB3/B/SK/GF/TF] <bebext>
bebun (Haz) = camomile. See beybiin.
becan adj. lifeless, dead: Ȥere reben weki
roviki li ber linge koger becan dikeve
erde (JB2-O.Sebri/Rnh 14[1943] 8-9) The poor
lion falls lifeless to the ground like a fox at the feet
of the nomad. [JB2/Rnh/K/IFb/GF/OK] <mirin>
becar[mi§] [j^]jG*lu -becar[mi§] kirin (B) = to
cultivate. See becer.
*becer j : -becer kirin (EH) = a) to cultivate, till,
work (land) (B); b) to succeed (EH): «Herk§ te
b§cerkir, te kure xwe xlazki, te becer
nekir, zati hemin kur@ te w£ here, we sere
kure te lexe (EH) If you succeed, you will rescue
your son; if you don’t succeed, your son will come
anyway, and he will strike off your son’s bead; c)
?to load up, outfit (IS): -Heft qent’irme deve
t’emam kir, bare wana bi gotina Heci
Bek’o b§cer kir (IS-#189) He completely fitted
_B
out seven files of camels, and loaded them up as
Haji Beko had said to. {also: Becar[mi§] (B)) Cf. T
becermek = 'to succeed'; Az T bajarmag = 'to know
how to, be in a position to do stg., prevail' [EH//B]
beg’ar jG*C (K/B) = helpless. See bSg’are.
beg’are ojG*G adj. helpless, desperate: «Her §§xek
u her axayek u her begek nabit pad§ahek
bit, H gawa Kez biket weto digel re c iyeta
begare biket (SK 56:654) Every shaikh and agha
and beg cannot be a king and do as he pleases with
the hapless peasantry «Mela c Ebdurefiman mir.
Du se kuret begare, benaw hebtin (SK
46:447) Mullah Abdurrahman died. He had two or
three helpless and unknown sons # §ex fl. beg ft
axa zor bo Kale xo 0. menfe c et§ zatiy§ xo
zana u §eytan in, emma re c iyet zor begare
ft nezan ft weK§i ne (SK 56:655) The shaikhs
and begs and agbas are very wise and cunning in
looking after their own case and their personal
profit, but the peasantry are quite hapless and rude
and ignorant •Xulase li naw c Usman!yan
beware bun u ne§yan bihene ciye xo (SK
48:511) In short, they had no remedy [=were
helpless] among tbe Turks and could not return to
their own place, {also: beg’ar (K-2/B-2); [bi-tchar6]
(JJ)) {syn: begav) Cf. P bicare Sor
begare ojGw = 'helpless, beyond remedy' (begareti;
begareyi; beg’ari) [K/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF//JJ]
<belengaz; reben I>
beg’areti f. ( ;-ye). helplessness,
• •
desperation: »Ji begareti u begaviye, min
riya heri bi tehlflke ku ji rewitiyek§ re
diviya, hilbijart (MUm, 12) Out of desperation I
chose the most dangerous route for a journey.
( also: beg’areyi (TF); beg’ari (K/B)) (syn: begavi)
[MUm/IFb//TF//K/B] <beg’are>
beg’areyi ^ojGCo (TF) = helplessness. See
• •
b^g’arbplessness. See beg’areti.
b£g’ek adj. unarmed, disarmed; defenseless:
•Dor li neziki 20 hezar mirovi girtibfln ft
ew gel£n b§gek gullebaran dikirin (Wit
2:73, p.14) Around 20,000 people were captured,
and these unarmed people were sprayed with
bullets. [Wlt/F/K/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/OK] <g’ek
[2&3]; g’ekdar>
begi I Q. lamb 1-3 weeks old. {also: <begi>
(HejJ) [Kmc-8/GF/Hej] <berx; mi I>
51
B_
b§g 5 i II f. (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn; t[’]ili} finger, toe; 2)
fingertip (A), {also: bigi (HB); peg’i (K/B); pici (A);
<pigi> (HH)} [= Sor emust/[h]engust; kilik;
pence; pilk; qemik] M. Schwartz: Cf. Av. basi-,
Pahl bck = 'measurement based on (part of) a
finger'. The Pahl form, probably /bac(c)ak/, and
the Kurdish form as well, likely represent
diminutive formations in -c- to basi-. Against
Henning “An Astronomical Chapter of
Bundahishn,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society .
(1942), p. 235 with footnote #6, Av. tbisi- (glossed
by Pahl bck) 'joint (of a finger)’ should be a
different word, since it cannot be reconciled
phonically with the group basi-/bck/beg’i. The
form tbisi- would be from ProtoIE *duis = 'twice, in
a/
two' (Av. biz-uuat-); the notion of 'joint' being
bifurcation. Cf. further [Pok. duo(u) 228.] ’two' —>
Gothic twis-standan = 'to become separated’, Old
Norse tvistr = 'bipartite', Middle English twist = 'a
branch', Old English twisla = 'tributary of a river’,
Old High Germ zwisel = 'doubled'. Note also Old
Frisian, etc. twist = Germ Zwist = ’quarrel, rift’;
Indo-Iranian *dvista- = ’enemy' (Vdvis = 'to be
inimical') should also belong here.
[Bg/Kg/JB3//HB//K/B//A//HH]
bddeng adj. silent, quiet: •Em her du ji
niha, pi§ti xeberdana te, edi bedeng
mabun (MUm, 16) Now, after you [finished]
talking, both of us remained silent *Tu bedeng
be. Ez bi xo de digel soney axiwim (SK
4:39) You be silent. I shall speak to the drake
myself, {also: [bi-denk/be-denk (G)] ^ (JJ)} I syn:
mit} Sor bedeng {bedengi}
[K/A/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/OK/AId//JJ]
bedeng! f. (-ya;-ye). silence: *Pi§ti
demeke b§dengiyeke mezin gebu. Ne
gerik u ne ji Siltane Filan peyivi (SF 31)
After a while a great silence set in. Neither the
ant[s] nor the.Elephant Sultan spoke, (syn: miti)
[K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <bedeng>
beder I (F/K/B) = threshing floor. See bender,
beder jjj^w (JBl-A) = threshing floor. See bender,
bedili f (-ya; ). unwillingness, reluctance;
a» »»
lack of desire (to do stg.): -bediliya fk-e kirin
(Wlt/JBl-A) to go against s.o.’s wishes, disobey,
disappoint: *Bave min ji nikaribu bediliya
§§x§ xwe bike <1 ez ne§andim dibistanS
(Wit 2:66, p.2) My father could not go against the
wishes of his sheikh, so he did not send me to
[secular] school. [Wlt/K/A/IFb/JBl-A/OK/Aid]
bedunda (K) = childless. See be dunde.
•*
bedundan ^ (K) = childless. See be dUnde.
be dfinde ^ adj. childless, without offspring:
• •
•Her ti§te te xwest, min da te, le bele ez
te be dhnde dihelim (K-ga) Everything you
requested I have given you, but I will leave you
childless. { also: bedunda[n] (K)) {syn: bezufet)
[K-ga/A/GF//K] <dhndan>
be edeb l be c edeb [K/B] adj.
rude, impolite, ill-mannered, discourteous: »Pa§i
gH Kecce. Derwe§ek dit li-naw Ke £ be
hispiyan dikujit. Mewlana Xalid xo ji wi
sil kir, To bi gi §er c u bi gi mezbeb §ola
ho be-edeb dikey?’ (SK 44:422) Later he went
on the pilgrimage [to Mecca]. He saw a dervish
inside the Kaaba killing lice. Maulana Khalid lost
his temper with him, 'What law and what sect are
you following in doing such an ill-mannered thing?'
•[U xwecihi ji dibejin ku her gi zaroked
ku ji jined Ekradan biwelidin be edeb il
diz serke§ dibin] (BN, p. 100) And the locals
say that whatever children are born of Kurdish
women are rude and thieving and obstinate, {also:
[bi-edeb] (JJ)} [syn: beme’rifet) Cf. P bi adab
Sor be edeb = 'ill-mannered'
[BN/SK/GF//JJ//K/B]
be edeb! / be c edebi [K/B] f. (-
«« •• ■■ ii
ya;-ye). rudeness, impoliteness, discourtesy:
•Bele cezae be-edebi H c ezman-dir§jiya
hingo ewe ye hingo bi§elinim, da gu car
di wan terze be-edebiyane neken (SK
13:126) But the punishment for your rudeness and
insolence is that I should strip [=rob] you, so that
you aren't ever so rude again «Te bi sere mire
§eqlawe sunde, we care be-edebiya me
bibex§e (SK 13:127) We conjure you by the head
of the Mir of Shaqlawa, forgive our rudeness this
time; -b§ c edebi kirin (B) to act rudely: •DestS
min bi demana hingo, min nekujin. Min
gelek be-edebi kir (SK 13:133) I beseech you,
don't kill me. I was very rude, {also: [bi-edebi]
(JJ)} Cf. P bl adabi^l^ [SK//JJ//K/B]
beeql (SK) = stupid. See beaqil.
• €
52
/
*be'esil adj. 1) without kith or kin, without
mm
pedigree; 2) ignoble, base; ill-mannered; dishonest,
dishonorable: • Binherin M. hire me giqas
be'esil derk’et, bihistiye em ten, k’eleka
Zina xwe dfir nak’eve, weki pe§iya meda
b§ (Z-l) See how ignoble our brother M. has
turned out to be: he heard that were coming [and]
he won't leave Z.'s side [long enough] to come out
and greet us!; 3) ungrateful; 4) unnatural, unusual.
( also: [bi-asl] (JJ))< be = 'without 1 + 'esil =
'origin' [Z-1/K//JJ]
be-fayde ojuU^ (SK) = useless. See befeyde.
befeyda (K) = useless. See befeyde.
befeyde adj. useless, pointless, [also: be-
fayde (SK); befeyda (K); [bi-faide] (}})) ( syn:
beker) < be = ’without' + feyde = 'use'
[Z-1/K/JB3/B//JJ//SK]
b§gav adj. desperate, in a hopeless situation, in
dire straits; forced or stuck, prevented from doing
stg.: «Bi hezaran mirov li der! bajer begav
mabftn, nikaribftn xwe bigihinin dllana te
(Wit 2:73, p.14) Thousands of people were stuck at
the gates to the city, unable to get to your
ceremony, {syn: beg’are} <be = 'without + gav[l] =
'time' [begav!) [Wlt/IFb/OK/Hej] <ase; tengav>
begav! ^‘(5^ f. (-ya;-[y]e). 1) [syn: beg’aretij
■ ■ ■■
desperation; dire straits, hopeless situation;
•Dijmin begav mabu u ji ber ve begaviya
xwe me§vanan gullebaran kirin u du xort
§ehid ketin (Wit 2:73, p.14) The enemy became
desperate, and because of his desperation he shot
at the marchers and two young men were made
martyrs *Ji begareti Q begaviye, min riya
her! bi tehluke ku ji rewitiyeke re diviya,
hilbijart (MlJm, 12) Out of desperation 1 chose
the most dangerous route for a journey; 2)
immobility, inability to act: *Bi begaviya me
ew ketne welate me (IFb) Because of our
inability to act, they entered our country.
[Wlt/K/IFb/OK] <begav>
*b§guman adj. 1) hopeless; despairing (K/B);
2) unreliable, untrustworthy (K/B); 3) having lost
faith or hope (K/B); 4) [syn; be§ik) doubtless,
without a doubt (K/IF). i also: beguman (A)] < be =
'without' + guman = 'doubt' [z-i/FK-ob-2/K/]I33/IF/Bl
begunah (A/SK) - innocent. See beguneh.
begune < 0 *^ (K/B) = innocent. See b£guneh.
beguneh/be guneh [RZ] Aa adj. innocent:
•ku§tina hindek begunahan (SK 56:650)
killing some innocent people, [also: begune (K/B-
2); begunah (A/SK); [be-ghune] (JJ-G)} {syn:
besuc} P bi gonah oLSor begunah
{begunehti) [B/TF/OK/RZ//K/JJ-G//A/SK] <dilsaf>
begunehi (K) = innocence. See begunehti.
begunehti f. ( ;-ye). innocence, {also:
begunehi (K); beguneti (B-2)) [syn: besuc!) P bi
gonahl Sor begunahi [B//K]
■ • •• ♦♦ ♦♦
beguneti (B) = innocence. See b§gunehti.
• • • •
beguman (A) = hopeless; doubtless. See
* •
beguman.
hehal (IFb/TF) = exhausted. See befial.
behed (IFb/B) = unlimited. See b&Ked.
• 9
behemd (K) = compulsory. See beliemd.
behempa adj. unique, without peer or equal,
peerless, unrivalled, unmatched: *Pirtftka
rojnameger Nadire Mater ya bi nave "
Pirtftka Memed..." li ser diroka "gayri
resmi ya §er" berhemeke behempa ye
(AW71A2) The book of the journalist Nadire Mater
called "Memed's Book" on the unofficial history of
the war’ is a unique work, [also: behemta (K/SS);
behevta (K-2/SS-2)) Cf. Sor behawta =
'unrivalled, unmatched' [AW/IFb]
behemta (K/SS) = unique, unrivalled. See
behempa.
behesab (B) = countless. See beKesab.
• •
behetik adj. shameless; indecent, [also:
belietik (K); [bi-hetikluikA^ (JJ)} {syn: be§erm}
[Dh/Zeb//JJ/K] <hetk>
behevta (K/SS) = unique, unrivalled. See
behempa.
behevi adj. hopeless, despairing, desperate;
•• • •
disappointed: *Bazirgan te’eccub kir. got.
"Subhanellah, madam ewe kok bit bes
noke yet nekok di gawa ne?" Gelek xemglr
bu, be-hiwi geryawe (SK 16:159) The
merchant was amazed and said,"Praise be to God, if
this one is satisfied, then what will the dissatisfied
be like?" He was very depressed and turned back
in despair *Merik bi awaki b§hev!
dil§ikesti ji risipi vediqete, ber£ xwe dide
mala xwe ft dige (Ardu, p. 19) Disappointed and
brokenhearted, the fellow takes his leave of the old
man and heads for home *Tu ji w§ jink& b§
53
hivi boy (JBl-A, #136) You gave up on that
woman, [also: behivi (K/JBl-A/OK-2); be-hiwi (SK);
[be-ivi] C5 £a ^ (JJ-G)} Sor be hiwa
[ Ardu/IFb/GF/TF/OK/ /K/JB1- A//JJ-G/ /SK]
behivi (K/JBl-A/OK) = hopeless. See behevi.
be-hiwi ^jt ^ (SK) = hopeless. See b£h£vi.
♦ ♦
behn c j^l> (A) = smell; breath. See bin I.
bShnijandin vt. (-behnijin-). to cause to
sneeze, [also: <bihnijandin (HH)} [IF//HH]
<behnijin>
bShnijin vi. (-behnij-/-benij-[IF]). 1) |syn;
henijin [3]; pekijin) to sneeze; 2) to yawn (IFb/OK).
[also: behni§in (Bw); [behnijin] (JJ);
<bihnijin (dibihniji)(^>^> j)> (HH)1 Sor
pijmin ^j^jj/pi^min = 'to sneeze’
[M-Zx/IFb/OK//JJ//HH//Bw] <sebir [2]>
*b§hEde adv. 1) exceptionally, extremely,
very much (BK): •Selaheddine Eyytibi
b§hude merxas bu (BK) Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
was an extremely great hero; 2) useless (JJ). [also:
[bi-houde] (JJ)} [BK//JJ]
b§fial JG.£> adj. destitute, exhausted, weak: -Ez
b§Kal im (Btm [Hatfiatke]) I am exhausted, [also:
behal (IFb/TF); [be-ahhl] JG^ (JJ)! [Btm
[ftatfratke]/K/OK/RF//IFb/TF//JJ-G] <bedhal>
bSEed adj. 1) unlimited, endless, boundless,
infinite; 2) [adv.] extremely, tremendously, too
(much), [also: behed (IFb/B-2); [bi-had] (JJ)}
Cf. P blhad = ’boundless, infinite'; Sor behed
[Hk/K/B//JJ//IFb]
*b§Eemd adj. compulsory, forced,
• •
obligatory: -bSfiemdi xwe (K) involuntarily,
willy-nilly, in spite of oneself: *Wexta Meme
derda gii, mir beEemdi xwe ji ciye bilind
bfi (Z-l) When Meme entered, the prince
involuntarily got up from his place, [also: behemd
(K)) [Z-1/JB3//K]
bSEesab adj. endless, limitless; countless,
• ■
innumerable: *Digote xelki, ’’Her kese
pe§keke ji awa tizbiyet min wexotewe,
cendekS wi agird cehennemS nabinit” ...
Hemiyan bawir dikirin [sic]. MGr E jin u
bigtik dihatin, maleki befiisab bo wi
diinan [sic] (SK 12:119) Whoever drinks a drop of
the water from my rosary, his body will not see the
fire of Hell... They all believed him. Men, women
and children came, bringing him countless wealth
•Ez beEesab bextewar bum (Ba2:2, p.207) I
was immeasurably happy [=My joy was
boundless], [also: behesab (B-2); befiesav (B-2); be-
hisab (SK); [bi-hisab ^L^^/bi-hisib (JJ)} Cf.
P blhasab = 'countless, innumerable'
[Ba2/K/B//SK//JJ]
hehesav (B) = countless. See beEesab.
beKetik (K) = shameless. See bShetik.
be-l'iisab (SK) = countless. See beEesab.
bei L5 1C (BX) = without. See be I.
• •
*beit’bar adj. 1) unreliable, undependable; 2)
distrustful. < be = 'without' + itbar = 'trust' [EP/K/B]
beje ©yG f./m.(F) (-ya/; ). word, (syn: lavz; peyiv;
pirs [2]; xeber) = Sor wu§e/wi§e
[(neol)/F/K(s)/JB3/IF] <gili; gotin; §or; zar I>
bejin jyl) m.&f. (). widower m.\ widow f. [also: [bi-
jin/be-zin (PS)/be-zhin (Rh)] ( jyo (JJ); widow = bijin
(RZ)} ( syn: bi II Sor bewe[jin] [(jj]o$^ = 'widow', for
etymology see bi I. [Hk/JJ/GF/OK//RZ]
bejing Jj/. (-a;-e). winnow, fine sieve (for sorting
grain) : -bejing kirin (K/B)/bejinge xistin (K)
to sift; to sprinkle: *Xaliye bi serra bejing
dike (Z-3) He sprinkles dust on top of it. [also:
bejink (A); [bijin /bijink Jbyo] (JJ); <bejing>
Joyo (HH)1 [syn: elek, f. (K)} [Pok. 1. ueik- 1128.]
'to sort’: Skt Vvic [VII. vinakti] = ’to sift’; Av Vvaek
in auua.vaeca- = ’to sort out, pick out 1 ; Pahl wextan
= 'to sift'; P bixtan (-biz-) (ye) &
blzldan^joyo; Sor bejing = 'winnow' &
bejan[ewe] (-beje-)/bejin ^yl>/(Arbil)
be§tin = 'to sift’; Hau we§ine /. = 'coarse sieve'
(M4); Possibly also secondarily associated with
Vvaeg = 'to swing, brandish' —> K avetin (-avej-) =
'to throw' [Krg/K/JB3/B/HH/TF//A//JJ] <mifsik;
moxil; sefad>
bejingfiro§ m. (). sieve seller. [B] <bejing>
bejingker m. (). sieve or winnow maker.
1 also: <bejingker> (HH)} [HH] <bejing>
bejink cibyC (A) = winnow, sieve. See b@jing.
be-kar jIS^j (SK) = useless. See beker.
bSk’Sf adj. sad, depressed; upset: •Kuro, hela
• •
binhdrin gika Mem§ min gima iro derengi
bilye, diqewime Memeyi bek’ef be? (Z-l)
Boys, go see why my Mem is late today, could he
be upset? [also: [bi-keif] (JJ)} < be = 'without'
+ k’ef = 'pleasure' [EP/K//JJ] <aciz; dilteng>
54
/
beker adj. useless (also of people): •Werise
»»
rizi b£k@r e (AB) A worn out rope is useless.
[also: be-kar (SK); [bi-kir] CJJ)} (syn: befeyde;
p’ug[’] [2]; qels I[3); tew§) < be = 'without' + ker =
'useful' [AB/K/A/JB3/B//JJ] <badihewa; ker I;
kerhati>
*bel Jlj m. (). part of a herd or flock (BK) [BK] <keri
II; revo>
belu (IFb) = clear, obvious. See belli,
bema’rifet (Ba3) = impolite. See
beme’rifet.
beme’rifet = impolite. See beme’rifet.
beme’rifet adj. 1) { syn: be edeb) impolite,
rude, crude, uncouth; 2) [ni.] impolite, ill-
mannered person, {also: bema’rifet (Ba3);
beme’rifet; [be-marifeta] (JJ)1 < be =
'without' + me’rifet = 'manners' [Z-l/K/B//Ba3//JJ]
<me’rifet>
b§miraz jl adj. having failed to attain one’s goal
or desire: «Ewi [bi] cahilti gi gune kiribil,
gima bemiraz ma? (Abbasian #5:144) What did
he do in his youth, why has he remained without
fulfillment of his desires? [=why did he die young]
[also: [bi-meraz] CJJ)) <be = 'without' + Ar
murad = 'desire' (passive participle of arada IV
j )j) = 'to want' Vr-w-d) [Abbasian/K/JJ/OK]
<canemerg>
bemk JL f. ( ;-e). terebinth, bot. Pistacia
terebinthus, the seeds of which are small and with
soft shells (as opposed to kez[w[an. which are
larger and with hard shells 1 (cf. Ar habb al-xadra’
c)oa, butm ^1. { also: benk (A/IFb); benok
(OK); bewk (Bw-Kaniya Mezin); bino§k (Zeb);
darbenk (IFb-2); <ben ^Aj/benk cibAj/bemk J-o-o>
(Hej) [bemk = 'unripe terebinth']; [dar-i benk) JL»
(JJ-Lx)l Sor ben = 'terebinth' [Bw-Tirwani§ &
Binavi/Hej//Bw-Kaniya Mezin//A/IFb/JJ//Zeb]
<kezan; §engel>
ben qIj (L/SK) = breath; smell. See bin I.
bena Ll adj. eternal, everlasting, endless, (syn: he
dawi) Cf. NA be:na = 'time' (Krotkoff) [Ber/JB3]
b§ nan ft xwe a< ^h ungrateful. Cf. T
nankor = 'ungrateful' < P nan = ’bread’ & kur ^
= 'blind’ [Zeb/A/IFb/GF] <spasdar>
benav I oILL (F) = willow; ash tree; holm oak. See
benav.
bender f. (-a;-e). threshing floor [in the
Middle East [orig.: ‘Orient’] wheat is not beaten, but
rather crushed with a metal-plated plank which is
dragged along by oxen [JJ]) : •Guri u zaToka
digine bendera ft ji xwefa dileyizin (Z-4)
Guri and the children go to the threshing floor and
play together • [go odake brahlme meho lesar
bendara] (PS-I) He said, “Brahime Meho’s room
(=house) is at the threshing floors (=removed from
the village)”, {also: bender II (HR-I); beder I
(F/K/B); beder, (JBl-A); [bend_aj] jjiio (PS-I);
[bider] jjuo (JJ); <bender> ja^o (HH)) {syn: coxin)
Cf. Ar baydar Iraqi Ar bedar, NA bidra
(Krotkoff) < *be(t) + Syr edra 15ol/Arc idra K11X
< Akkadian idru (vSoden). See: Georg Krotkoff.
“Studies in Neo-Aramaic Lexicology,” in: Biblical
and Related Studies Presented to Samuel Iwry
(Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1985), p. 130.
[Z-4/A/IF/HH/PS-I//F/K/B//JJ//JB1-A//HR-I]
bendi f. (Bsk) = two- or three-year-old female
a»
sheep. See berdir.
benxo§ (SK) = fragrant. See binxwe§.
beol dp(j> adj. 1) irreligious, infidel; 2) general
*■
negative term for an untrustworthy or unsavory
person (cf. T dinsiz). < be = 'without' + ol =
’religion’ [Msr]
beoxir (A) = unlucky. See bdoxir.
b§oxir adj. unlucky: •Ci hene, ji merivaTa
beoxirin (Z-2) There are places which are
unlucky for [some] people, {also: beoxir (A)j {syn:
beyom) [Z-2/K//A] <oxir>
bep’ar jl>^ adj. [+ji] deprived (of), bereft (of),
• •
dispossessed (of): »Di dema xwe ya xortaniya
xwe de ft li vi welate pe§k[e]ti, ji xwendin
ft pe§vegftne bepar dimenin (Wit 5/86, p.15)
During the period fo their youth and in this
progressive country, they are being deprived of
learning and advancement »Ew ji weke gelek
kegen koger ji hinek aliy@n jiyan6 b§par e
(Lah, 8) Like many girls of the nomads, in certain
aspects of life she too has been deprived; -b§p’ar
bftn (K) to be deprived (of)', -b6p’ar kirin
(Ber/K/JJ) to deprive (of), {also: [bi-par] jL^ (JJ))
=Sorbebe£ [Ber/F/K/GF//JJ]
• •
bSp’ereti f. ( ;-y§). moneylessness, lack of
funds, condition of being broke or low on cash:
• Em ji b@peretiy§ nikarin tu kari bikin
55
(Wit 1:49, p.16) We cannot do any work due to
lack of capital. { also: bepereyi (OK)} [Wlt/K//OK]
bepereyi (OK) = moneylessness. See
bep’ereti.
b@pi§t adj. defenseless, unprotected,
• •
vulnerable; lacking support. [Elk/K/GF]
beqfin Q&fe adj. baseless (GF); inappropriate,
insolent (Hk): »pirsyareke bSqiln (Hk)
inappropriate or bald question. [Hk/GF]
ber yy f. (-a;-e). 1) wooden shovel (as opposed to
meT = iron shovel) (K/F/B/IF/A): •On fahejine
tevra bera (Z-2) You pick up spades and
shovels; 2) oar, paddle (K/F/B/IF/A/JJ): -ber kirin
(K) a) to row; b) to rake; -dan bere (K) to row.
[also: [bir^/byr^o] (JJ); <ber> (HH)) [Pok. 1.
bhedh- 113.] 'to dig': O Ir *badra- [or *bar8r[y]a-
according to Bailey ]; Av vadar- = 'weapon'; OP
vaQra- = 'battle-axe'; MidP byr; Baluchi bard;
Southern Tati dialects (all £): Chali & Esfarvini
barra; Eshtehardi bara; Xoznini & Xiaraji bara (Yar-
Shater); P bll 0 lo & bal JL = 'spade, oar'; Sor bef
Y
JIj = 'spade' & berik = 'large shovel'; cf. E Arm bah
pui^ <Middle Iranian *bahr; Lat fodere = 'to dig'.
See Spade in: I. Gershevitch. “Outdoor Terms in
Iranian,” A Locust’s Leg : Studies in Honour of
S.HTaqizadeh (London, 1962), pp.76-84;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica , ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 172-73; also: H.W. Bailey. "A Range of
Iranica" in: W. B. Henning Memorial Volume
(London : Lund Humphries, 1970), p. 31 [under 7.
tel]. [Z-2/F/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH] ccarut; mer II;
metirke; tevir>
berahm (Ba3-3/B) = merciless. See befehm.
berahmi (B) = mercilessness. See befehmi.
b£raq yy f. (-a;-e). flag, banner, j also: beydax (SK);
beyraq (K/B); bereq (HB/A); [bairaq] (JJ);
<beraq> (HH)) [syn: al) <P beyraq —> T
bayrak; Sor beyax/beydaq (Mukri-OM)
[HH//HB/A//K/B//JJ//SK]
bSraqdar j) jj) yy m. (). flag-bearer, standard-bearer,
j also: beyraqdar (K/B); <beraqdar> jljiC-o(HH))
[syn: beyraqbir (K)) [HH//K/B]
b§rehm adj. cruel, pitiless, merciless: •Bire
qelpe berahm diven: “Mire me, biraki wi
ji hebti, nave wi Osiv bu, ew ji mina vi
xirav btl, IS me rok§ ew batmi§ kir be ser-
berate” (Ba3-3, #38) The dishonest, merciless
brothers say: “Our emir, he had a brother named
Joseph who was as bad as him, but one day we did
away with him without leaving a trace.” [also:
berahm (Ba3-3/B); berem (F); [bi-rehm] (JJ))
(berahmi; berehmi; beremi) [Ba3/B//K]
befehmi oj f. ( ;-ye). cruelty, mercilessness.
{also: berahmi (B); beremi (F)) [K//B//F] <berehm>
berem (F) = merciless. See befehm.
beremi (F) = mercilessness. See befehmi.
bereq >yy (HB/A) = flag. See beraq.
befez y>,jjy> adj. 1) disorderly, out of line (IF); strange
• •
(JJ-G) 2) {svn: nerast; ^fezdarl) irregular (IF): -
lekera berez (IF) irregular verb; 3) disrespectful
(A/IF/SK). [also: [be-resa] y>, J( j> (JJ-G)) Cf. Sorberiz
= 'insignificant, unworthy of esteem' (berezi)
{A/IF/SK// JJ-G] <rez>
befezi f (). disorder(liness). [IF] <berez>
berik J \yy (Ad/BX) = pocket. See berik.
berim ^.^y (K/OK) = small lake. See berm,
beri I ^yy f. (-ya;-ye). 1) sheepfold, but, or shed for
milking sheep: *fimo ji beriye ziviri (AB) Emo
returned from the sheepfold »Pez [sic] hat
beriye, bi guhanen tiji (AB) The sheep came
to the sheepfold, with full udders; 2) sheepmilking
(A); sheepmilking, performed outside in spring and
summer, one hour after dawn (Haz): *Dest
diaveje elban u dide pe§iya berivanan,
hedi hedi here xwe didin cihe beriya
sibehe (AW69B4) She grabs the milk pails and
leads the milkmaids, they slowly head for the place
for the morning milking, {also: [biri] (JJ);
<beri> (HH)) Cf. Sor bere o^L/bere
[AB/K/A/IF/B/Haz/HH//JJ] <axil; axur; dolge; gom
I; guher; hevez = hev§i; lef; mexel>
beri II ^^y f. (-ya; ). 1) longing, yearning,
homesickness: -beriya ... kirin (BX): a) to
desire, miss, be impatient for [syn: dina ... derhatin
= to be homesick): *Min beriya te kir (JB3) I
miss you ( polite formula) *Min beriya welet
kir (JB3) I am homesick; b) to feel like: *Bir§ wi
geliki beriya qehwa kiribfin (L) His brothers
*
felt like having coffee; 2) sad poem (expressing
longing or homesickness) . {also: bir I[2] (Ag/Kp);
beri III) [BX/L/K/A/JB3//Ag/Kp] cbijin; bir I[2]>
berik J^,yy (JB3/LC) = pocket. See berik.
berivan (jlkyb f./m.(B) ( ;-e/ beriven). 1) [£] sheep
milkmaid, one who milks sheep in a sheepfold
[beri I-q.v.]: •Bdrivanan j! pez dotin (AB) As
for the milkmaids, they milked the sheep; 2) [mj
one who drives the sheep into the shed for milking
(B); 3) one who holds the sheep’s head while it is
being milked (B); 4) woman's name, {also: [biri-
van] (JJ); <berivan> (HH)}
[AB/K/A/IF/Haz/B//JJ] cberi I>
berm m.(K)/f.(OK) (). small mountain lake, tarn,
pond; “The many beautiful small glacier and crater
lakes on the mountains [of Hakkari] serve as water
resources for the inhabitants and their animals in
summer pastures” [from: bale Yalgin-Heckmann.
Tribe and Kinship among the Kurds (Frankfurt a.M.
et al. : Peter Lang, 1991), p. 75]. {also: berim
(K/OK); birem (Zeb->Ak); [berme] (JJ)) Mid P
warm = ’pool, reservoir' (M3) This word appears
once in PS-1 as bermek, and some dictionaries
(IFb/GF) have interpreted the word as bermek
rather than berm, seeing the -ek as part of the word
rather than as the indefinite article.
[PS-I/A/IFb/GF//K/OK//JJ//Ak] <gol; gom II>
b£r(ln adj. without butter or oil, plain, {also:
[bi-roun] (JJ); <beron> (Hej)) {syn: rij)
[Qzl/JJ//Hej] <kemrun; fun>
besebir adj. impatient. {ajso: besebr (JB3); [bi-
» •
sebr] (JJ)) < be = 'without' + sebir = 'patience'
{besebir! (K/B)) [Z/K/JB3/B//JJ]
besebir! £ ( ;-ye). impatience, {also:
[bisebri] (JJ)) [K/B//JJ]
besebr (JB 3 J = impatient. See besebir.
bSserberat’ adv. 1) untraceable, leaving
no tracks, without a trace: # Me roke ew batmi§
kir b§ ser-berate (Ba3-3, #38) One day we did
away with him without leaving a trace; 2)
unbeknownst, unknown. ( also: beserberate; beser-
beberate (F)} <be = 'without' + ser = 'head' +
berat[e] = 'corpse' [Ba3//K//F]
beserberate = without a trace. See
b£serberat 5 .
beser-beberate (F) = without a trace. See
beserberatL
b§ ser ft ber/b§serftber 3 adj. sloppy,
messy; disorderly; in bad shape: -b£-ser-ft-ber
kirin (M-Am) to beat, defeat, trounce, make
mincemeat out of s.o.: *Ev mirove d£ me dete
birandin. Eve ma beyna heyvekeda,
miroveki muhacir ft hinde eve d! kir!, ew
de me be-ser-ft-ber ketin (M-Am #738, p.340)
This man will have us finished off. Within a month,
a refugee, and he has done all this! He will destroy
us [=mess us up] •Mirovek £ hat! meydana
min de min be-ser-u-ber ketin (M-Am #743,
p.342) A man has come into the arena (with) me
who will destroy me # We roj£ §er£ xwe kir
we her k’afir be-ser-u-ber kir (M-Am #744,
p.342) They fought (all) that day and he beat the
monster all the time, [syn: *be rek 11 pek; *ne
lekdayi) [Bw/M-Am/IFb/GF]
hesire (HH/Bw) = unripe grapes. See besire.
besftc a( ij. innocent, guiltless: •Tuy£ ev!
xelq£ besuc u gune qir nek! (Z-l) Don't
destroy this guiltless and innocent people, {also:
besug; [bi-soutch] (JJ)) {syn: beguneh) < be =
'without' + sue = 'guilt' {besuci; besucti)
[Z-l/K/JB3/IF/B//JJ] <dilsaf; gune [l]>
besftc! f. ( ;-y£). innocence, {also: besucti
(B-2)) {syn: begunehti) [K/B]
besucti (B) = innocence. See b£sftc!.
••
besug - innocent. See b£sftc.
be§ £ (-a; ). 1) {svn: bac; olam[l]; xer[a]c; xuk}
tax: -Heta cuhi qutana xwe naxwit, be§a
xwe nadit (YSZx) A Jew does not pay his tax
until he is beaten [prv.f 2) {syn: cerime (K/JB3);
cirm (K)) fine, penalty, {also: <be§> (HH)) Cf.
NA mbayo:se = 'to pay (as tax)' [Krotkoff: Aradhin
(Christian)] [YSZx/K/A/JB3/HH]
be§erm ^ adj. shameless; impudent: # Ji r£we
gazi kelekoki kir, gote, "... Tu bo g! hinde
be§erm 1 ? Li pe§ gawet hem! kes li ser
miri§k£ suar dibi ft §erm£ ji §ay nakey" (SK
4:50) First (the fox) summoned the cock and said
to it, "... Why are you so shameless? You mount a
chicken in front of everybody and are not ashamed
(even) before the king." [syn: behetik) Cf. P blsarm
Sor be§erm ^ = 'shameless, undignified'
{be§ermi) [Zeb/K/ A/IFb/B/ SK/GF/TF ]
b£§ermi ^j ^ ^ £ ( ;-y£). shamelessness;
impudence. Cf. P blSarmx ^ [K/B/GF]
<be§erm>
b£§ik adj./adv. doubtless, without a doubt.
■ •
{also: [be-sck] (JJ)) {syn: beguman [3]) < be =
'without' + §ik = 'doubt' [K/JB3/B//JJ]
57
B_
be§ik £ (-a;-e). cradle, crib. | also: [bechik]
JjLo (JJ)} (syn: bormotk {?} (EP-7); colang; dar[a
dergu§e]; landik) < T be§ik; Sor be§ik eblj/be§ke
^ [F/K/B//JJ]
b6§k’ertim m.?/£(EP) ( /-a; ). one
betrothed while still an infant (still in the cradle):
•Ew buka Qeret’ajdine, / Be§k’ertima
5’ekine (EP-7) She is the sister-in-law to be [lit.
'bride'] of Q., / betrothed to Qekan from birth.
{also: [bechik kertme] (JJ)) < T be§ik
kertme - 'making a notch on tbe crib [to indicate
betrothal]' [EP-7//JJ] <buk I; dergistl>
b§t’ar m.(Kmc-20)/f.(IFb) (-el- a; ). disaster,
catastrophe, accident, misfortune: # Betare wi di
xizna wi de be (Kmc-20) May his troublemaking
affect only himself # Bira, dibene betarek hate
sere torvanane (L) Brother, they say that a
disaster has befallen the fishermen. { syn: t’ifaq I)
[L/K/IFb/GF/Kmc-20]
bet@hn (Zeb) = weak; light. See b6ten
b£t§n adj. 1) lacking in energy or power,
••
weak; 2) [syn: sivik} light, lightweight, {also:
betehn (Zeb-2)) [Zeb]
b§t’ifaq adj. disunited, at odds; on bad terms:
• •
•Kurd qewmeki nexundi ye, tedbira
pa§eroja xo nizanin, betifaq in (SK 56:643)
The Kurds are an illiterate people, improvident of
their future and disunited, {also: [bi-tefaq] (JJ)
= ’disaccord, mesintelligence’) Cf. P bl ettefaq
= 'without union, discordant'; =Sor nakok
(bet’ifaqi) [SK/K/B/JJ]
b§t’ifaqi £ ( ;-ye). discord, dissension,
disunity, lack of cohesion: *Pa§i c ?so be-tifaqi
li naw xulam u re’iyet u mezinet Smail
Pa§a peyda btl (SK 21:191) After Iso’s departure]
discord grew among the servants and the subjects
and the great men of Ismail Pasha, {also: [bi-tefaq]
(JJ)) [SK/K/B//JJ] <bet’ifaq>
bStir adj. 1) {syn: p’irtir; pitir; ze’ftir; zedetir)
more; 2) {syn: gelemperi; p’irani; zorbe) most, the
most of: *betiri wan = most of them. Cf. P blstar
[K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
bevan q[Zj (XF/K/B) = so-and-so. See behvan.
b§vil Jil> f. (-a;-§). 1) {syn: difn; firnfik]; ximximk)
nostril; 2) |syn: difn; firn; k’epi; poz I) nose
(K/A/JB3/HH). | also: [bivfl/bevel] (JJ); <bevil>
Jio (HH)} [EP/K/A/JB3/B/HH//JJ] <difn; k’epi;
poz I>
bewa adj. bringing bad luck or misfortune,
■ #
unlucky: *Deve guri bewane (B) Mangy camels
are unlucky # Siabendo, Siabendo! / Min go,
were mege / Neg’ira gak’tivia, / Ndg’ir
mere camerfa be waye! (EP-4, #23) O
Siyabend, Siyabend /1 said, "Come now, don’t go
/ Hunting deer / Hunting is bad luck for honorable
men." [EP-4/B]
beweg adj. 1) {syn: beber; bezuret; stewir)
barren, sterile; childless (Msr/IF); 2) puny, thin,
undersized (Msr); weak, exhausted (Msr): *Mala
min §ewiti ji tere, gima wer beweg btiyi?
(Msr) May my house burn down for you, why have
you gotten so weak?; 3) dry, arid, barren (JB3/IFb):
•Ciyae Mereto giyaki pir beweg e: tu
§inayi te tinlne (Msr) Mount Mereto is a barren
mountain: there is no vegetation on it. ?< be =
'without' + Ar wajh ^ = ’face' (cf. [bi-vedjh]
(JJ) = 'futile, worthless, adverse') (bewegi) [Haz-
>nomads/JB3/IFb/TF/OK] <xir§>
bewegi f. (). dryness, aridity, barrenness.
[JB3/IF/OK] <beweg>
bewk (Bw-Kaniya Mezin) = terebinth. See bemk.
bexayi (Z-921) = ownerless. See bexwedi.
urn »«
bexem adj. carefree, untroubled, unworried:
•Min hiwiya te qebul kir, bexem be (SK
34:311) I have accepted your request [or, granted
your favor], don't worry. | also: [bi-ghem] (JJ))
< be = 'without' + xem = 'worry, care' {bexemi)
[Z/K/B/SK/TF/OK//JJ]
bexemi £ ( ;-ye). carefreeness, lack of
■■ ••
concern, freedom from care. [K/B/TF/OK]
<bexem>
bexeyal = carefree. See bexiyal.
bexiret adj. 1) {syn: xemsar) apathetic, lazy,
not diligent, not hard working, not industrious:
• Xorteki gti xwefa qizeke ze’fe b@xiret ani
(Dz-anec#16) A young man went and took himself
an extremely undiligent wife; 2) lacking initiative;
lacking zeal, unenthusiastic, unexcited:
• [Suleyman Axayi gote fluseyn Axaye Zili
'Tu gi dibeji? Ez ... §di li welat@ lran@
nasekinim' ... lakin ttuseyn Axa b&xiret
buyi, li Irane mayf] (JR #39,120) Sulaiman
Agha said to Husain Agha of the Zilan, 'What do
58
/
you say? I ... am not staying in the country of Iran
anymore' ... but Husain Agha was not so excited,
he stayed in Iran]; 3) not held in high esteem, not
respected; 4) cowardly (SK/OK); unwilling or
unable to stick up for oneself: •’Iso bexiret bti,
ne§ya peya bit, lewa gu gustir nehelgirtin
(SK 22:201) 'Iso hadn't the courage to dismount.
That's why he didn't pick up any rings. ( also:
bexiret (SK); [be-ghira o^^/be-ghireta o>(JJ-
G)) Cf. P blyayrat = 'cowardly, without
zeal'; Sor bexiret = 'apathetic esp. in
matters of honor; conniving cuckold’
[Dz/K/B/TF/OK//SK//JJ] <xiret>
bexiyal adj. untroubled, carefree: *Mem§
♦ ♦
ewqasi b§xem i1 bexiyal bu (Z-l) Mem was so
free of cares and worries. { also: bexeyal] [Z-l]
** •
<xiyal>
bSxwedi adj. ownerless, abandoned: *Sibe
eze bik’evim bimirim, t 5 ext-t’ac§ min
b§xayi dimine (Z-921) Soon [lit. 'tomorrow'] I
will die, and my throne & crown will remain
ownerless [=1 have no heir], {also: bexayi (Z-921);
bexwey (B); bexweyi (A); [be-xvadl ^p-^/bi-
khou'i L ^- Ls !] (JJ) 1 < he = 'without* + xwedi =
’owner’ [L/K/A/JB3//JJ]
bexwey (B) = ownerless. See bexwedi.
bexweyi ^oy^^ (A) = ownerless. See bexwedi.
•• •§
bexiret (SK) = apathetic, lacking initiative;
cowardly. See bexiret.
beyi (Z-l) = without. See be I.
b§yom ad/, unlucky, unfortunate: jinxed,
accursed; •Gelek ponijiye (fikiriye), ku gelo
gima renge hek§n we re§ in. Gotiye:
Herhal ev helina min ne rind e u beyom e
(Wit 1:37, p. 13) She thought for a long time [ahout]
why her eggs [lit. 'the color of her eggs'] were
black. She said, “Apparently this nest of mine is
bad and jinxed." {also: be-yumn (SK)) (sjn: beoxir)
<be = 'without' + Ar yumn Qy = 'good luck, good
fortune' (beyomi) [Wlt/Zeb//SK]
b^yomi f (-ya; ). unluckiness, misfortune;
being jinxed, accursedness: *Qebahet ye qtina
min e, ne ye cih u ne ji ye heline ye,
b§yomi ya qfina min e, ne y@ tu kesi ye
(Wit 1:37, p.13) The fault lies with my rear end,
not with the place or with the nest, the unluckiness
lies with my rear end, not with anyone else. [Wit]
<beyom>
be-yumn (SK) = unlucky. See b£yom.
bezuret oojjj^/bezuret [F] adj. 1) {syn: b§
dunde) childless, without offspring; 2) {syn: b§ber;
beweg; stewir] sterile, barren, infertile, {also:
bezuryet (B)| [bezureti; bezureti; bezuryeti]
[K/F//B] <xir§; zuret II>
bezureti /bezureti ^o J3 j^ [F] f. ( ;-ye). 1)
• • •• •• t«
childlessness; 2) sterility, barrenness, infertility.
{also: bezuryeti (B)) [K/F//B] <bezuret>
bezuryet (B) = childless; barren. See bezuret.
bezuryeti (B) = childlessness; barrenness. See
bezureti.
bi v prep. 1) with, by ( instrumental; also manner ,
time, agent) : *Go§t bi k§ra xwe biri (BX) He
cut the meat with his knife *Dinya bi dor e, ne
bi zor e (BX) The world goes with patience, not
with violence [prvj *Xaniye xwe bi desten
xwe ava kir (BX) He built his house with his own
hands *Gunde me bi dest@ Hemo hatiye
§ewitandin (BX) Our village was burned by
Hemo {agent] *Yek heye bi sedi; sed heye,
ne bi yeki (BX) One can be worth 100, and 100
cannot even be worth one [prv.] »Bi nave
Xudaye pak e dilovan il mihrivan (BX) In
the name of God, the pure, clement and merciful
•Pi§ti rohelate bi du saetan (BX) Two hours
after daybreak [lit. 'after daybreak by two hours'];
-bi careke = at once, suddenly; at all; -bi gend?
= for how much? (asking the price) ; -bi dare
zore (BX) by force [lit. 'by the stick of violence'];
-bi gotine = as they say [en parole]; -bi qenci =
with goodness [avec bontej; -bi sivikah! (BX)
with ease; -bi tene/bi tena xwe = alone, by one¬
self; -bi vi awayi = in this manner/way; -bi xwe
- oneself, in person [en soi]: # Mir bi xwe hat
(BX) The emir came in person •Htin xwe bi
xwe = You in person; 2) in, into (motion toward) :
• Pere bi berika xwe xist (B X) He put the money
in his pocket *Bi hewa ket (BX) He flew away
[lit. 'fell into the air']; 3) according to: *bi min =
according to me *Bi a min bike (BX) Do what or
as I tell you; Take my advice [lit. 'Do according to
that [advice] of mine']; 4) as the complement of
certain verbs : «Ez bi §ivan bfim (BX) I became
a shepherd *Tu h§j bi kurmanci nizani (BX)
59
You still don’t know any Kurdish # Mi§o gaye
xwe bi firotin da (BX) M. gave his bull for sale;
5) Used together with postpositions :
-bi ... de = on, across, through: # Destmala min bi
ave de gti. (BX) The water carried off my hand¬
kerchief [lit. 'My handkerchief went on the water']
•Bi re de = On the way, en route # Bi re de,
wezir§ hakim pergi kegelok bfi (L) On the
way, the king's vizier encountered Kechelok # Ez
bi dehl u relan [de] digum negira hirga
(BX) Through the thickets and forests I went bear
hunting.
-bi ... Ta/re = a) with (accompaniment) {syn : digel]:
•Em pev [=bi hev] re ghn (BX) We left
together •Gurgin bi min re hat (BX) G. came
with me •Lazime lawe te bi min re be (L)
Your son must come with me »pe re [=bi wi/we
re] = with him/her; b) by, through (movement) :
•Bi derenca re bani ket (L) He climbed up the
stairs # Bi derenc§ re hilki§iya (BX) He
ascended the stairs; c) agreeing with: -Ez bi te ra
me = I agree with you.
-bi ... ve = a) with (accompaniment, belonging,
contiguity) : *Axa bi deh gunden xwe ve,
bawer dike Keyxosrow e (BX) The agha, with
his 10 villages, thinks he is [the emperor]
Keykhosrow (prv.j *Bi ser ft bere xwe ve (BX)
Entirely •Bi t’omeriya cindiye Cizireva (Z-l)
With all (=the totality of) the nobles of Jezirah
•Botan bi Behdinan ve ye (BX) The province
of Bohtan is adjacent to Behdinan «Ewe rabu
sifre xweyi kevn t’opkir ... bi caryava bir
ser kanie bi§o (EP-7) She gathered up her old
tablecloth ... and took it with her maidservants to
the spring to wash [them] •Mir bi sed siwari ve
bi re ket (BX) The emir set out with 100 knights
•Ser Dumanlue t’u me§e t’unebftn, vira
dar ji he§in nedibftn, le wexta bahar
dihat, ew ji xewa giran fii§yar dibft ft bi
Kemft rengava dixemili (Ba2:l, p.202) On
[Mount] Dumanlu there were no forests, trees did
not even grow here, but when springtime came, it
awoke from a great sleep and became colorfully
[lit. 'with all colors'] adorned # §emso bi min ve
ye (BX) §. is with me (i.e., physically present); b)
around: •fidika §erit bi newqa wi ve gireda
(L) Slowly (or, gently) he tied the rope around his
waist, {also: [b v /be ^] (JJ)) [bi + wi/we = pe/ve]
Cf. P bi / v ; Sor be [BX/K/IF/B/JJ]
bibiq f. (-a; ). pupil (of the eye), {also: bibik (A);
bibil (IF); bibok, m. (K-2); pipik (IF-2); [bibik-a
tchawan] jUL. (Co (JJ); [bibi] (JJ-G); <pibik>
(HH)] [syn; re§ik I] < Ar bu’bu’^--> P bubuk
Sor bebele-y gaw/bibile Za
bibiki f. (Mai) [cf. also T gozbebegi]
[F/K//JJ//A//IF//HH] <g’av>
bi-ce (SK) = appropriate. See bici.
bicili <&> (JJ/TF/OK) = appropriate. See bici.
bici adj. 1) appropriate, proper; pertinent; 2)
• •
exactly: •Zilame go ev kele§ ku§ti bin ft em
zanibin bi ci be ki ne, erbabe wan giye?
(L) If we can find out exactly who the men are who
killed these brigands, what is our reward? (also: bi¬
ce (SK); bicih (TF/OK); bi cih (IFb); [be-djih]
(JJ)] (syn: di cihe xwe da] < bi = 'in’ + ci = 'place'
[Cf. T yerinde = 'proper', lit. 'in its place’)
[L/K/A//JJ/TF/OK//lFb]
bi cih (IFb) = appropriate. See bici.
bigeng (F) = armpit. See bing’eng.
*big’irik f (). 1) shudder, tremor (K); 2) {syn:
hevri§k) dish cousisting of bread toasted in butter
(IF), {also: bigrik (IF-2); <bigrik> J(HH))
[K/IF//HH]
bigik (Zx) = small. See pig’ftk.
bigrik J(IF) = dish consisting of bread toasted in
butter. See big’irik.
bigTicik (A) = tiny. See big’ftgik.
big’ugik adj. tiny, itsy-bitsy: *Lawike
bigftgik (L) Tiny boy. {also: bigucik (A)) <dim. of
Y
big’ftk/pig’u^ Sor pigkole Ajy£*j./pigkolane
[L/A]
big’uk (K/SK) = small. See pig’ftk.
bigTikayi (K) = smallness. See pig’ftkayi.
••
big’uki (K) = smallness. See pig’ftkayi.
bigftkini (SK) = childhood. See pig’ftkayi [2].
big’ukti (K) = smallness. See pig’ftkayi.
bi deranin joj v (PS-I) = to remove. See deranin.
bidu^jo (K§) = gums; palate. See pidi.
bi'ecin = to be exhausted; to sob; to get angry.
See bihecin.
bi f§m ad/\ intelligent, bright: *Di he§t saliya
min de bav§ min ez danim ber xwendina
Qurane. Ez gelek bi fern bun (Wit 2:66, p.2)
When I was eight years old my father had me start
studying the Koran. I was very bright, [syn: aqil I;
aqiljir; aqilmend; aqiltij (Bw); bi zihn; jir; zix I)
[Wit] <fehm; jir; serwext>
bih Aj f. ( ;-e). quince, hot. Cydonia vulgaris, {also:
beh (GF/OK/AA); behe (IFb- 2 ); bihok (K/A-
2 /IFb/GF- 2 /OK- 2 ); biyok (IFb- 2 /Kmc- 2 - 2 ); bivok
(F/K- 2 ); [beh *,/bi (JJ); <bih> (HH)) Cf. P bih
Sor behe ^A^/bey Za beyi f. (Mai); Hau
bey [A/HH/TF/Kmc-2//K/IFb//F//JJ/GF/OK/AA]
biha l$> m. (). 1 ) {syn: nerx [1 ]} price, value, worth;
2 ) [syn.'giran [ 2 ]; giranbiha) [adj.[ expensive,
costly, dear: »Mal ji wan Fa gelek teng e, le
gi bikin, kireya malen fireh p’ir buha ye
(DZK) The house is too small [lit. 'narrow'] for
them, but what can the 3 ^ do? The rent on bigger [lit.
'wide'] houses is very expensive, {also: baha (B);
buha (A); [beha] 1# (JJ); <buha> l# (HH)) <P baha
l# = 'price, value’; T baha/paha; Sor beha UfcWba L
= 'price'; Za vava f. = 'price' (Mai)
[DZK/A/HH//F/K/IF//JJ//B] cnerx; qedir I; qimet>
bihar j[# f. (-a;-e). spring(time): *§initi ft ge§iya
bihare (Alkan, 71) the verdure and brilliance of
springtime; -bihar§ = in the springtime; -beta
bihare (J) by or until springtime, {also: bahar
(Ba2/A/B); buhar (Wlt/L~I); [behar] jl# (JJ); <buhar>
(HH)) [Pok. ues-r, gen. ues-n-es 1174.]
'springtime': Skt vasanta- = 'springtime' & vasara- =
'bright'; Av vanhri = 'in spring'; O P vahara- in
®ura»vahara- = 'secoud month, April-May' (Kent);
Pahl vahar <*vahar (Hiibsch #501); P bahar jl#
(Horn #243) ->T (ilk)bahar; Sor behar jl*^; Za
wesar 111 . (Todd); Hau wehar in. (M4)
[Ba2/A/B//F/J/K/JB3/IFb/SK//JJ//HH/Wlt/L-I]
chavin; pa viz; zivistan>
bihartin (BX) = to pass. See bihurtin.
bihecfn vi. (-bihec-). 1 ) to be(come)
exhausted, grown faint (K/B); 2 ) to cry one's heart
out, sob (K/B); 3) [+ ji] to get angry, irritated [at]
(L/K): «Eze herim xwe li nav gave wi
xinim, heyani go ji min bibihece (L) I will
throw myself into his eyes, until he gets angry at
me *Heya go qenc Teyr£ Semir je biheci
(L) Until the Simurgh got good and mad at her.
{also: be'ecin (B); bi’ecin; <be’icin (dibe’ice)
(HH)) [L/K//B//HH] <aciz>
bihemil adj. pregnant, "expecting": •Pireka wi
bihemil btl (L) His wife was pregnant, {also:
bihemle (SK)} {syn: avis; bizar; duhala; giran;
Hemle) [L//SK]
bihevgun (A) = to argue. See p’evglln.
bihevFa ) adv. together: *0611 ferKita, ancax
babete, ko ser§ herduka bi hevra here ser
balgtyekine (Z-2, p.68) O ifreets! It is only fitting
that both their heads should rest on a single pillow
[=that they should get married] •Mem§ ft Zin§
vedgerin qesre, rhdinen tl §irin §irin bi
hevra xeber didin (FK-2, p.294) Mem and Zin
return to Mem’s room, sit and very sweetly talk
with each other *Pa§§ k’omeke gawi§a bi
hevra gune derva (FK-l, p.272) Then a group
of servants went out together. { also: bihevre
(A/GF/TF); p’evra (K); pev re (IFb); [behew
<Ji£j/behewra 1 (JJ)) lsyn: pekve; t’evde)
[Z/FK/AD//JJ//A/GF/TF//IFb//K]
bihevre o J (A/GF/TF) = together. See bihevra.
bihez _>l^.[IFb/AD]/bi hez [AW-2] adj . strong,
forceful, mighty: «Her gend dijwari tl zehmeti
we deme hebin ji, bi vina xwe ya bi hez
wan gareser dike (AW73B1) No matter how
many difficulties there may be then, he solves them
with his strong will •TirSjen ronahiya
neynika kristal, §oqeke bihez li dil u ruh£
mirov dixe (AW70D1) The rays of crystal mirror
light send a forceful shock through one's heart and
soul. [ syn : xurt) Sor be hez [IFb/AD] <hez>
bihin ^ = smell, odor; breath. See bin I.
bihirin (Z-2) = to pass. See bihurtin.
bihi§t (EP) = paradise. See bihu§t.
bihistin vt. (-bihis- [K] /-bihiz- [K/IF/JB1-
S] /-bihe- [K/B/JJ/SK] /-bihis- [BX/M-Zx]). to
hear: »Wexta Al-p’a§aye kal u jina xweva
eva giliya derheqa Memeda bihistin,
qudum goke wanda nema (Z-l) When old Al-
pasha and his wife heard these words about Mem,
they felt weak [lit. 'strength did not remain in their
knees’]. { also: bihiztin; bistin (Ad/A/IF/M);
[behistin] (JJ); <bihistin (dibhize)
(HH)) {syn: guh le bun (Bw): seh kirin
(Msr)i [Pok. bheudh- 150.] ’to be aware; to make
aware': M. Schwartz: Perhaps originally a passive
form in -lh-/-ist, cf. Av Vbaod- —> buidiia- = ’to be
aware (of)' ( passive form), cf. also P dan-ist-an
= 'to know’ ( also a verb of perception)] Sor
bistin (-biye-/-bist-). See 6 . bustaj in: G.
61
B
Morgenstierne “Persian Etymologies” in: Norsk
Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, 5 (1932), 54,
reprinted in: Irano-Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr.
Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1973), p.165.
[Ad/A/IF/M//F/K/JB3/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK] <guh
dan/kirin; guhdari kirin; [pe] hesin>
*bihistok 0* radio, {syn: pelwe§ (IF); radyo)
[(neol)Wn] <izgeh>
bihiztin = to hear. See bihistin.
bihn ^ (JB3/IF/JB1-S) = smell; breath. See bin I.
bihnxwe§ (GF) = fragrant. See binxwe§.
bihok (K/A/IFb/GF/OK) = quince. See bih.
bi hose adj. noisy. [Bw] <hose>
bihost (K/IFb/OK) = (finger) span. See bost.
biho§t = paradise. See bihu§t.
biho§tin vt. (-biho§-). 1 ) [vi.] [syn: Kelin) to
melt, dissolve (vi.) (M/JJ): *Mezhebe ku esas§
wi li ser wan terze delilane bit weki
diware ser cemede ye: her wexte hetawek
18 det cemed de buhujit, diwar de herifit
(SK 60:713) A religion based on such proofs is like
an ice-covered wall: whenever the sun hits it the
ice will melt, [and] the wall will collapse; 2) [syn:
fielandin; pi§aftin) to melt (vt) , smelt; 3) to tbaw
(vt). {also: buhujin vi. (-buhuj-) (M/SK/Dh);
buhujtin (GF); buhu§tin vi. (-buhuj-) (M); bustin
(GF-2); [bhoshtin] (JJ)I <*bihujtin <0 Ir *wi-
tac- (A&L p.84 [IV, 2] + 94 [XVIII])
[S&E/K/JJ//GF//M/SK/Dh] <helin>
bihur m.(K/B)/f.(B) ( ; /-e). passage; crossing;
passageway; ford, [also: bor II (Bw/GF-2/TF);
buhur (GF); [bor j^j/buhur >&^] (JJ); <bur [bor?]>
(HH)) <0 Ir *wi-tar- (A&L p.84 [IV, 2])
[L/K/IFb/B//JJ/GF//TF/Bw//HH] <bazeber>
bihurandin vt. (-bihurin-). 1 ) to cause to
pass; 2) {syn: derbaz kirin) to pass, spend (time)
(K/IF). { also: borandin (K-2); buhurandin (BK/IF);
[behiirtandin] ^ (JJ) = 'to run out , elapse (of
time) ) [BK/IF//K/B//JJ]
bihurin (K/B) = to pass. See bihurt in.
bihurtin vi. (-bihur-). 1 ) [syn: derbaz bun) to
pass, cross over; to enter: •Dinya §ev bft ft ez
di vir re bihurtim (L) It was getting dark
(=becoming night), and I passed by here *Ez8
deri ji te re vekim ft bibihure nav bajare
Diyarbekir (L) I'll open the gate for you, and
(you) pass into the city of Diyarbekir; 2) to pass (of
62
time): »Ci roj naborin bi dehan girok <1
givanok ft peyam§n cuda cuda nebihlstln
li mal ft li nev bazari ft li dair£n xwe ft li
her ciheki (BH-back cover) No day passes when
[we] haven't heard tens of stories and anecdotes
and tales, at home and in the market and in our
offices and everywhere; 3) to have an effect on, to
0
influence, work (PS): • [Gill le kirin [sic] cem
Mir Zozan, nebori] (PS-I) They complained of
him to Mir Zozan. but it did not work [i.e., it was
to no avail =their complaint fell on deaf ears]; 4) to
forgive (OK). See leborin. [also: bihartin (BX);
bihirin (Z- 2 ); bihurin (K- 2 /B); biwartin; borin II (-
bor-) (JB3); buhartin (-bihur-) (IF); burin (A/Ber);
[behartin buhurtin /bourin ^.^1
(JJ); <burin (dibftri) (HH)) Sor
burdin qj m (bur-)/bigirdin [Sinne] = ’to overpass,
go beyond, be overripe'; Hau wierdey (wier) vi.
(M4) [L/K//BX//B//A/HH/Ber//JB3//IF/JJ]
bihust (K/B) = span (unit of measure) . See bost.
bihu§t f. (-a;-e). 1 ) (svn: cenet) paradise:
•Bapire me sera bapire-ngo li beKe§te
hav§te dere (M-Ak, #546) Our ancestor was
thrown out of Paradise on account of your ancestor
•£irok gft de§te, da ft baben me gun
bihu§te (Rnh 2:17, p.308) The story went to the
prairie, our parents went to paradise [concluding
formula for folktales] *Her kese pe§keke ji
awa tizbiyet min wexotewe, cendekS wi
agire cehenneme nabinit. Ewe awa
Keyat§ye dideme hingo. Ciy§ hingo
behe§ta ebedi ye (SK 12:119) Whoever drinks a
drop of the water from my rosary, his body will
not see the fire of Hell. This is the Water of Life
which I give you and your place will be Paradise
eternal; 2) heaven, [also: bebe§t (A-2/0K/GF);
behi§t (SB); beKe§t (SK/M-Ak); bihi§t (EP); biho§t;
bihu§t (TF); buhi§t (BX); buhu§t (GF- 2 ); [behicht]
o(JJ); <bihu§t> (HH)) [Pok. uesu- 1174.]
’better: Skt vasu- = ’good’/vaslyah- =
’better’/vasistha- = ’best’; O Ir *uahista- ax v - (Av
vahista- aiahu- = ’best life, world’) <*uahi§ta- =
’better’ (Ras, p. 133): Av vaiahu-/vohu- =
’good’/vahya = ’better’/vahisto = ’best’ ; Mid P
vahist; P behest oSor behe§t o
[EP//BX//K/A/JB3/HH//TF//JJ/SB//OK/GF//
SK/M-Ak]
bihu§t (TF) = paradise; heaven. See bihu§t.
bihemle (SK) = pregnant. See bihemil.
bijang JjIjj f. ( ;-e). eyelash(es). {also: bijank
(A/GF-2); biji II (K-2); bijulang; bijulank (B§k);
bjang, m. (B-2); mijang (A-2/IFb-2/GF-2); mijank
(GF-2); miji (Srk); mijulank, m. (OK-2); mijank
(Qnr); [mijank] Jt>1> (JJ); <mijank> Jb1> (HH))
[Pok. meigh-/meik- 712.] 'to glitter, twinkle, dark
(twinkling before one’s eyes)': 2. meik-: Mid P
mij(ag) (M3); P moze 0 y* /mozegan (jfy* (pl.)\
Baluchi micac; Sor birjang Jjlj^/mijol (K2);
Za mije m.l mija f. (Mai)
[F/K/B/IFb/GF/OK/BK//A//B§k//Srk//gnr//JJ/HH]
cbiru; g’av>
bijank Js)y (A/GF) = eyelashes. See bijang.
bijare OJ )y adj. choice, select; chosen, selected:
•genime bijare (K/B) choice wheat • [Ji ela
xwe Keft sed suwared bijare bir [sic]] (JR
#39,121) He took 700 choice riders from his tribe
•Selim Beg se-sed meret bijare digel xo
Ta-kirin (SK 41:400) Salim Beg took 300 chosen
men with him. [ also: bijarte (GF/TF); [bejare] Qj )y
(JJ)) Cf. Sor bijar kirdin qjJ' J y = 'to pick out,
weed, clean (rice)' & bijare kirdin jj 0j )y = 'to
thin out (seedlings), comment on, review (book)'
[JR/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK//GF/TF]
bijarte *3j\y (GF/TF) = choice, select. See bijare.
bijartin I Qj’Jy vt. (-bijer-). to choose, pick, select.
{also: [bejartin / bejarin (^j\y\ (JJ); <bijartin
qS. jljp(dibjere) (HH)} \syn: jegirtin) [Pok.
4. gHer(a)- 473.] 'to raise the voice in praise or
welcome': O Ir *vi- + *jar- (Tsb 41): Av ^gar- = 'to
praise, approve of; Mid P wizardan (wizar) = ’to
separate; explain, interpret; perform, fulfill,
redeem’ (M3); P guzardan jjjl aT= ’to put,
Y
place; perform, etc.’; Sor hel*bijardin
(hel-bijer-) = ’to select, elect’
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK/M//JJ]
bijartin II Qijy (M/A/HB) = to roast, grill. See
bira§tin.
bija§tir _j-y~z)y f. ( ;-e). three-year-old sheep, {also:
biza§tir (Wit/A)) [WU/A//K/B] <berdir; mi I>
biji I ^ m.(K)/f.(F/B/OK) (/-ya;/-ye). (horse's)
mane (K/B/JJ): *Nav du Kevtyada hftn evi
Bori usa xwey kin, weki av beri bijyadim
be saxiriyara derk’eve (Z-l) In two weeks, you
care for this [horse] Bor in such a way that if I
water his mane, it will come out his croup «Nava
gil §evada usa biki, ave saxria ki, bijyafa
bav£je, bijya ki, saxriara baveje (EP-7) In
the course of 40 nights act in such a way that,
when you water his croup, it comes out his mane,
and when you water his mane, it comes out his
croup (=fatten him up), {also: bijik (OK); biju (K-
2/B-2); [bejou 3 yJ biji ^y] (JJ)) ( syn: gull I[2]}
<*birzu- <*birzu- <0 ir *brzu-ka (A&L p.83 [II]); =
Y
Sor yal JI. Regarding the transition *-rz->-rz->-z-
see A. Christensen & K. Barr. Iranische
Dialektaufzeichnungen aus deni Nachlass von F.C.
Andreas: Erster Teil (Berlin, 1939), p. 395.
[Z-l/EP/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//OK]
biji II (K) = eyelashes. See bijang.
biji III ^y m . (-ye; ). awn, beard (on the spikelet of
»»
grasses such as wheat), {syn: dasi[ 2 ]| [Qzl/IFb]
<bijire§; genim>
bijijk Jyy (IFb/TF) = doctor. See biji§k.
bijin I ^y vt. (-biji-). to desire, long for, have an
appetite for (IF): *Berx hatin nava p6z, dil§
tevan dibiji §ir, pir dibiji (AB) The lambs
came in among the sheep, very much in desire of
milk *Dile min [filanti$t] dibije (Qm§) I feel
like eating or drinking [stg]. [AB/IFb/GF/Qm§]
bijin II (IFb) = healthy. See bijfin[l].
bijire§ Jio^y m. (). type of wheat with a black awn,
also known as itali [T karakilgik bugdayi].
[Qzl/IFb] <genim>
biji§k Jy^y m.&f. (). doctor, physician, {also: bijijk
(IFb/TF); bjijk (IFb-2); bji§k (JB3)) {syn: duxtor;
liekim; nojdar) <Arm pzisg (W)/bzi§k (E)
cf. P pezesk My [K/GF/OK//IFb/TF//JB3]
bijli ^y (Zeb) = except for. See ji bili.
bijon ^y (OK/JBl-S) = pure. See bijdn[3].
biju^jj (K/B/JJ) = mane. See biji I.
bijulang Jj' i&y - eyelashes. See bijang.
bijulank Jb s l 33 y (B$k) = eyelashes. See bijang.
bijfin Q^y adj. 1) {also: bijin II (IFb- 2 )} healthy,
healthful, hale and hearty; 2 ) rich, fertile,
productive (of land): *Mir welateki mezin H
fireh, erdeki bijUn dewlemend hebfi (Rnh
3:23, p.5) The emir had a large and expansive
kingdom, [with] fertile and rich land; 3) [also: bijon
(OK-2/JBl-S)) pure, clean (OK/JBl-S/Zeb).
[Rnh/K/IFb/GF/OK/Zeb//JBl-S]
63
bi kar jlf -bi kar anin (IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ) to
use, make use of, utilize ( syn: 'emilandin;
xebitandin): •Heval di axaftina xwe de gelek
bSjeyen biyani bi kar tine (IFb) [Our] friend
uses many foreign words in his speech *Ji penci
car! b&htir gotina "mist" di §una gotina
"mizdanS" de, bi gewti hatiye bikaranin
(AW73C2) More than 50 times the word 'mist' was
incorrectly used instead of the word niizdan'; -bi
kar hatin (TF) to be used, be in use. Cf. P be kar
bordan jIT*j; Sor be kar henan qUIa =
’to use’ [Wlt/lFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ] <k’ar II>
bikir = virgin. See bik’ur.
bik’irgi m - C-yS; )• customer, buyer: •Cime’t
dibe bikirgiyS e§yayed bazirganba§i (Ba)
The people (public) become customers of the
caravan leader's wares (=begin to buy his wares).
{also: [bekir] (JJ)] [Ba/K/B//JJ] <k’irin>
bikul Jjj adj. grieved, in distress; wretched,
miserable: # Dile wi biqul [=bikul] e (L) He is
upset [lit. 'his heart is distressed']; -bi dilki
bi[k]ul = with a grieved heart, {also: biqul
(confusing qul = 'hole' with kul = 'grief, ac2 L))
[syn: belengaz; malxerab; reben I; xemgin! < bi =
’in','with' + kul = grief [L/A]
bik’ur J3 £ adj. virgin: -qiza bik’ur (EP-7) virgin.
{also: bakir (K); bakire (SK); bikir; [bakire
o_/1j/ bikr/bukr_^] (JJ)) < Arbikr [EP-7/K//JJ/SK]
bil = except for. See ji bill.
bila conj. [+ subj.] so that, in order that; let, may...:
•Bela hakim sere min jebike (L) May the king
chop off my head! •Beje have xwe, bira min
bixweze (J) Tell your father to ask for me [in
marriage]; -bilafni] (Bw)/bila be = OK, all right!
So be it!: #, To ev §eve mevane min !.’
Derw§§i gote, 'bila' (M-Ak #662) ’Tonight you
are my guest.' The dervish said to him, 'So be it’.
{also: bela 111 (L); bilani I (Bw-2); bira II (B/J/Ba/Z-
1 ); bra II (EP-7); [bila U>/bilani (JJ); <bila> Yj
(HH)} isyn: bona [2]; da II; deqene; beta ko [4];
weki [2]) = Sor ba U [L//K/A/JB3/JJ/HH/SK/
JBl-A&S/OK/Bw//B/J/Ba/Z-l//EP-7]
bilandin vt. (-bilin-). to keep on saying over
and over, keep repeating: # M. li ftal£ xweda
got H biland, mina merveki Heft [sic] sala
nexwe§, got ti. biland (EP-7) M. kept on
repeating it to himself, like a sickly seven[ty]-year-
old man, he kept on repeating it. [EP-7/K]
bilani I (Bw/JJ) = so that; let [it be]. See bila.
*bilani II adj . subjunctive, optative: -raweya
9 9
bilani (IF/GF) subjunctive mood, {syn: gerane)
cbila = 'so that’ + -ni = adjectival ending
[(neol)IFb/GF/OK] <bila; rawe>
bilbezik (K) = spring flower. See bilbiz.
bilbil I JJj t/m.(B/F/JBl-A) (-a/ ;-e/ ). nightingale,
zool. Luscinia megarhyncos. {also: [bulbul] JJj
(JJ); <bilbil> JJj (HH)) Cf. P/Ar bulbul JJ,; T
bulbul; Sor bilbil JJj; Za bilbil m. (Mai)
[Dy(EW)/F/K/A/IF/B/HH/JBl-A//JJ]
bilbil II JJj = prattle. See bile-bil.
bilbiz jJj f. (). iris (Xrs); type of spring flower (K/JJ);
wild tulip (A) (Cf. Ar/P zanbaq ^yjj). {also: bilbezik
(K); bilbizeq (A); [bilbezik] J>Jj (JJ)) [Xrs//K/JJ//A]
bilbizeq jjyJj (A) = wild tulip. See bilbiz.
*bile-bil/bilebil [B] Jj Jj f ( ;-e). 1) [syn: gele-gel
(F); gewte-gewt (F); ewte-ewt (F); kastekast (B); kute-
kut (F); reyin) barking, howling, yelping (F/K); 2)
prattle, chatter (B/K). {also: bilbil II; bilebil (B)]
[F/K//B]
bileg (RZ/IFb) = lightning. See bleg.
bilina jJj adj. 1 ) (syn: berz; quloz; ^nizrn) high, tall:
•g’iyayen bilind = the high mountains; -bilind
bun = to rise, go up •'Erd weke k’axaza
cigare bilind buye (Ba) The ground has risen
like (=by the width of) a cigarette paper *011 ji
kuleke bilind dibe (AB) Smoke rises out of a
hole; -bilind kirin (IFb/OK) to raise, lift: »Min
§ivdara xwe bilind kir i1 ser wi da ftejand
(Ba 2 : 2 , p.206) I raised my staff and waved it at
him; 2) loud; 3) [m.[ man's name, {also: [bilind] jJj
(JJ); <bilind> Jj (HH)) Probably a borrowing
from P boland jJ_> [Pok. bheregh- 140.] 'high'
->*bhergh-: Skt brhant- [brhat]; Av barazant-; Old
P *br 6 ant-; Southern Tati dialects: Xoznini beland
(Yar-Shater); P boland = ’high' & burz =
v
’tallness, stature’; Sor bilind jJj & berz j j*j = ’high';
Za berz = 'high' (Todd/JJ); Cf. Germ Berg =
'mountain'; see: Haoma §255, p. 139 (bilindahi;
bilindayi; bilindi)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] See also
berz.
bilindahi (Ber/JB3/IFb/OK) = highness,
tallness. See bilindayi.
64
r i i
bilindayi f. (-ya;-ye). height, elevation (lit. &
« 1
fig.) ; highness, tallness. [aiso: bilindahi
(Ber/JB3/IFb/OK); bilindi (BX/IFb- 2 ); [bilindai]
^ (JJ)) Cf. Sor bilindayi = 'height
(measurement)’ & bilindi = 'height, loftiness’
[Ber/JB3//K/A/B/TF//JJ//BX] <bilind>
bilindi (BX/IFb) = highness, tallness. See
bilindayi.
bilindpaye ajLjcJj adj. of high rank, high-ranking.
1 also: bilindpayij [SW/K]
bilindpayi = of high rank. See bilindpaye.
bilul J^-L (B/Bw/OK) = flute. See bilUr.
bilur f. (-a;-e). type of flute, shepherd’s flute
(K/JJ); kaval, end-blown flute (A/IFb/TF): «£axa
§evine ji pif dikim bilure (AB) Even at the
time of the night feeding [of the animals] I blow on
my flute, {also: bilul (B- 2 /Bw/OK- 2 ); blur (IFb- 2 );
[bilour] (JJ); <bilur> J3 _L (HH)( [Pok. 3. bhel-
120.] ’to blow, swell 1 : Sor bilwer [bilor]/bilur
j 33 X; cf. also S-Cr frula; Alb fyell; Gr floghera
<t>Aoyepot. [AB/F/K/A/IFb/B/Jl/HH/GF/TF/OK//Bw]
bilurvan ^Is JJ 3 i; m. ( ; bilurven, vi bilurvani).
one who plays the bilfir, piper, flute player:
•Wana gele serhati u g’iroked ba§qe-ba§qe
zanibun, ew gi§ke dengbej u bilurvan bun
(Ba2:l, p.204) They knew many stories and
adventures, they were all storytellers and Bute
players, [also: <bilurvan> (HH)1
[K/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK] <bilur>
bilxeri (B) = fireplace; chimney. See pixerik.
bilyan qLL adj . knowing, aware, knowledgeable,
informed: •'Emri ser wezire xwe Arvan kir,
§finda gazi merive xwe u blyan kir (EH)
He ordered his minister Arvan to summon [lit. ’he
would summon’] his men afterward and inform
them. ( also: bilan (F); bilyan (B); blyan (EH)] Cf. T
bilen, present active participle of bilniek = to
know’ [EH//K//F//B//EH]
bimbarek J OJ Loj adj. blessed: -bimbarek bftn = to
be blessed: *Hun ji hev re bimbarek bin! (L)
May you be blessed together! (said to a couple
about to be wed), i.e, Congratulations! i syn: piroz)
< Ar mubarak .JjL_* [L/K/B]
bimbarek! ^ojL^ /. (-ya;-y§): congratulations;
-bimbarekiya desta (XF) wrestling [also:
destebimbareki (Z-l)] {syn: gula§; pijan I): 'Em
destebimbarekiye bene hev (Z-l) Let’s wrestle
with each other [XF/Z-l/B]
bin I qj ni. (-& ; ). foundation, bottom; base:
•Wexta bira ew avitne bine bire (BX) When
the brothers threw him to the bottom of the well
•bine di§ta (L) the bottom of the cauldrons;
-bine bero§§ (Qm§) (burnt) rice at bottom of the
pot (considered a delicacy) {syn: verenk). {also:
[byn] ^ (JJ)] [BX/K/A/JB3/JJ/SK]
bin II ^ prep. below, under, beneath: *Lawik kete
bin textek! (L) The boy slid under a bed «Mele
kefe dike u tine, dixe bin erde (L) The
mollah enshrouds [the corpse] and brings it, buries
it [lit. ’puts it under ground 1 ];
-di bin ... de = under, below (no motion) : *Hespe
min di bin min de hate ku§tin (BX) My horse
was killed from under me (i.e., while I was riding
him) •Kirs! di bin mase de ye (BX) The chair
is under the table *Sed gund di bin deste wi
de bun (BX) 100 villages were under his control
[lit. ’hand’];
-di bin ... re = downward, below, under (motion
toward) : «Malen xelkS delal dan! bhn di
bin malen me re (BX) They set up the tents of .
the beloved's tribe below our tents *Di bin
gavan re li min din§re (BX) He looks at me
askance [lit. 'under the eyes'];
-ji bin = from below, from under *Deste xwe ji
bin kulave xwe derine (BX) Take your hand
out from under your felt [coat];
-ji bin ... de = do.;
-ji bin ... ve = underneath (motion through) : *Jin
bin pire ve derbas bft (BX) He passed
under[neath] the bridge;
-li bin = under, beneath (motion toward) : *Were li
bin dare rune (BX) Come sit beneath the tree.
{also: biniya; [byn] (JJ); <bin> qj (HH))
[L/BX/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/SK]
binali (F) = native. See bineli.
••
binam in.&f. (). cousin of the second, third, fourth,
etc. degree (as opposed to pismam & dotmam,
which denote first cousins): *Em binam§t 6k In
(Bw) We are [second, etc.] cousins. <Ar ibn ‘amm
= 'son of the paternal uncle, [paternal first]
cousin’ [Bw] <dotmam; pismam>
binas pi. fault: *Binaset wi bhn (Bw) It was his
fault. ( also: [benase] (JJ-GJ) {syn: sue) <[Pok.
65
B_
neR- 762.] 'death': Skt nasa- m. = 'loss,
disappearance, destruction'; O Ir *nas- = 'to get
lost; to be destroyed’ — > *wi-nasa- = 'corruption,
ruination’: Av vl-nas-; O P vi- + nay- = ’injure,
harm’ (Kent); P gonah oL f = 'sin, fault’; also Arm
vnas ifuuiu = 'harm'; Cf. also Lat nex, necis =
'death' & noceo, nocere = ’to harm’; Gr nekros
vexpog/nekys vexug = corpse’. The P form has
entered K as gune[h] (qv.), with the meaning of
’sin’; M. Schwartz: binas is the ideal K form, while
gonflh is the ideal P form. [Bw/Zeb/Elk//JJ-G]
<guneh; sftc>
binat’ar jbLq f (-a;-e). 1) low place, depression;
lower part of stg., bottom: *Bizinek binat’ara
bizinekSda av ne xar (Dz) One goat would not
drink water at a lower point than another goat [lit.
'in a goat’s lower point']; 2) (syn: bingeh; bini [2]]
base, basis, fundament, foundation; 3) foot (of
mountain) : »Ji wan cewika hinek binet’ara
digihi§tne hev (Ba2:l, p.202) Some of
those brooks merged [lit. 'reached each other'] at
the foot of the mountain, {also: binet’ar (B);
[benatar] jlklq (JJ)) Sor bineret OO
[Dz/F/K//JJ//B]
bin av /binav Jlq: -binav bun (JB3/IF/BX)
to sink, drown (vi.) ; to dip, plunge, immerse,
submerge (vi.) ; to dive; -binav kirin
(JB3/IF)/binavi ~ (K) to sink, drown (vt.) ; to dip,
plunge, immerse, submerge (vt.) : # Noqav6n me
hinde zehf gemiyen Japoni en bar ft
banzinke§ bin av kirine ko... (RN) Our
submarines have sunk so many Japanese freight
ships and tankers that... [RN/JB3/IF/BX//K]
binavi ^ylq . See bin av.
binav ft deng <^$3 o j j olq/binavftdeng [A/IFb]
adj. famous, prominent, well known.
=Sor be nawbang <q [BX/GF//A/IFb]
bi nav ft ni§an jLqjj«Jlq adj. with fine markings (of
horse) : •K’ija k’ifiSISd bi nav ft n!§an wana
anine cem Memd (Z-l) No matter which fine
bay horses they brought out for Mem .... [Z-l]
binax adj. underground: -binax kirin
(K/Wlt) to bury, inter {syn: ve§artin [2]): •Cenaze
gerila Abdulselam Kisaer li gund§ w!
Kullika Tekman§ ku girddayi Erzerom§
ye, bi be§dariya girseyeke gel hate
binaxkirin (Wit 2 :66, p.3) The body of the
guerrilla Abdulselam Kisaer was interred in his
village Kullik, Tekman, in the province of
Erzurum, accompanied by [lit. ’with the
participation of] a crowd of people *Te gend ji
biray£n xwe bi dest£n xwe binax kiribftn?
(Wit 2:73, p.14) How many of your brothers have
you buried with your own hands? Uyn: bin’erd)
<bin = 'under' + ax = ’dirt, earth' [Wlt/K]
bingav diGcq adv./adj. under (house) arrest; in
custody: »Di sala 1981’e de di sihe meha
llone de dijmin ez xistim bingav (Wit 2 : 66 ,
p. 2 ) In 1981, on the thirtieth of September, the
enemy arrested me; -Bingav kirin (Wlt/TF) to
arrest, take into custody, detain: # Di meha
Mijdare de hinek hevalen min hatin
bingavkirin ft li wan i§kence hatibft kirin
(Wit 2:66, p. 2 ) In November some of my friends
were arrested and tortured. (Cf. T gozalti = '(house)
arrest’ [lit. under the eye’)[Wlt/TF]
bing’eng f. ( ;-e). armpit, axilla, {also: bigeng
(F); [byn tchenk] Jja (JJ)] {syn: kef§ I) Za hingeng
Y V ^
m. (Mai); =Sor binbaxei J^Lq/bin[h]engil JxU[$]q
[K/ A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK//JJ//F]
bindarftk f. ( ;-e). 1 ) shade, shady place
(under the trees) (K); 2 ) place (generally in the
shade of trees) where girls gather to stroll and play
(B/EP-5); Awning under which girls gather to play
(K): *Leyle, em hatine bindarftke (EP-5, #16)
Leyla, we have come to stroll under the trees; 3)
summer festival celebrated by nomadic girls (B).
[EP-5/K/B] <zinar [ 2 ]>
bindeq qoaaj f. ( ;-e). hazelnut, filbert, bot. Corylus
avellana: -dara bindeqe (IFb) filbert tree,
hazelnut tree. (a7so: bindiq (K-2); findeq (K- 2 /IFb-
2/B/OK-2/CB-2); findiq (GF/Kmc-2-2); [byndiq
Qj^q/findlk (JJ); <bindeq> jAq (HH)] Mid P
pondik (M3) --> Arbunduq jaaj; P fondeq/fandoq
& bondoq jjjjq—> T fmdik; Sor findiq
[Dh/Zeb/AA/Kmc- 2 /CB/K/A/IFb/HH/TF/OK//
JJ//B//GF]
*bindest c—oA-q adj. 1 ) subordinate, under the
command of; 2) subject to, dependent on; 3)
submissive, obedient (JB3); 4) [m.] prisoner (A/IF);
slave (IF), {also: bindesti] (bindesti (K/JB3)J < bin =
’under' + dest = 'hand' [K/A/JB3/IF//B]
*bindesti ^^oaaj /. (). 1) subordination, subjection;
•• .
2) dependence; 3) submission, obedience; 4)
66
bondage, slavery; 5) subordinate; slave (B).
[K/JB3/1F/B] <bindest>
bindiq ^j^p (K) = hazelnut. See bindeq.
bineci ^A-p m. (). native, original inhabitant. { syn:
bineli; xwecihi} [F/K/GF] <akinci>
binef§ f (-a;-e). violet, bot. Viola odorata.
[also: benef§ (K-2/IFb-2/GF-2); benef§e (A- 2 /F);
binev§ (B); [benewch] (}}); <binef§> j^Lp
(HH)} Cf. P benefse Sor benew§e
dj^«o«^/wenew§e a ^ a ^; Hau wenew§e in. (M4); T
menek§e + benev§e [Erci§-Van] & benov§e [Igdir-
Kars] & benoy§e [Ta§burun, Igdir-Kars] (DS, v. 2 , p.
628); Arm manusag [W]/manusak [E] J'uj.'unL^iulj
[K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK//B//F//JJ]
binef§! ep adj. purple, violet, [also: benef§i
(IFb/GF); benef§in (IFb-2); binev§i (Kmc-2);
<binef§i> ^y^Lp (HH)) [syn: mor I) Sor binew§eyi
^ a^a-j [Kmc- 2 //HH/OK/RZ//IFb/GF] <xemri>
binelik’ a»o (B) = native. See bineli.
binel! in. (-ye; ). 1 ) (syn: bineci; xwecihi)
native, aborigine, original inhabitant:
•Kurmanceki bineliye we geleki 'eyane
(K 2 -Ferik) [There is] a Kurd who is a native of that
place who is very prominent; 2 ) population (B).
[also: binali (F); binelik’ (B-2)) [K2-Ferik/B//F]
<akinci>
binemal JL><^p £ (-a; ). family, lineage, line, house:
•Ez ji binemala ftaci Mustefa me (Bw) I am
from the house of Hajji Mustafa, [syn: icax) Sor
Y
binemaffe] [a]JLa^ = ’aristocratic stock, house,
family, dynasty 1 [Bw/K(s)/(IFb)/OK/RZ] <’e§iret;
mai; malbal; ocax [4]; qebile>
binerdik JjjA_p (IFb/GF/FJ) = turnip; potato. See
bin'erdk.
binerdi ja^_> (OK) = potato. See bin'erdk.
bin'erd jjaj^ adj. underground, subterranean;
•Teke bin'erd (Z-l) an underground passage,
tunnel, [syn: binax) < bin = 'under + 'erd = ’earth’
[Z-1/K/A/B/BK/HH//JD <k’a?ez>
bin'erdk £ (). 1) [also: binerdik (IFb);
<bin‘erd> a(HH)) [syn: §elim) turnip, bot.
Brassica rapa (Frq/Qzl/IFb/HH); 2) [also: binerdik
(GF/FJ); binerdi (OK); <bin’erd> p^p (HH)) [syn:
kartol) potato (JJ/GF/FJ). [also: binerdik (IFb/GF);
[byn-ard] (JJ); <bin’erd> p^p (HH))
[Frq/Qzl//IFb/GF/FJ//JJ//OK]
_B
binerx ^jA-p/bi nerx adj. 1 ) precious,
valuable, worth(y): *Gelek beyt ft dastan§d
kurdi y£d heja ft bi nerx hene (K-d§) There
are many valuable and precious Kurdish romances
and stories; 2 ) expensive, costly, dear.
[K-d§/A/JB3] <nerx>
binet’ar j (B) = lower part, bottom; foundation.
See binat’ar.
binev§ (B) = violet. See binef§.
binev§i ^^a^p (Kmc- 2 ) = purple. See binef§i.
• •
bin§te’ti p m. (). yellow, sweet grape,
• •
elliptical in shape [Ar banatl ^Lp]. ( also: binetefiti
(Msr-2); bintati (IFb); <bintati> ^bip (HH))
[Msr//IF/HH] <tiri>
binetefiti p (Msr) = type of grape. See
binete’ti.
binga l£p = foundation. See bingeh.
binge <*£p (F/K/B) = foundation. See bingeh.
bingeh £ (-a; ). 1 ) [syn: binat’ar; bin! [ 2 ]; esas;
him) foundation, basis, base; 2 ) bottom (of the sea)
(B); 3) root, stem (of tree) (B). [also: binga (HB/A);
binge (F/K/B-2); [binghe] a£L (JJ)) Sor binge ^£p =
'base' [JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF//HB/A//F/K/]J]
bingehin p adj. basic, fundamental:
• Hergiqas av ji bo hemu jindaran
gavkaniyeke bingehin be ji, iro di destft
miroven “hemdem” de wek pergaleke ji
hole rakirina berhemen diroke te bi kar
anin (Wit 1 : 21 , p.16) Although water is a basic
resource for all living things, today it is being used
by "modern" man as an instrument for destroying
historical artifacts. [(neol.)Wlt/K/IFb] <bingeh>
binhemban ^L-oa^ m.&f. (). youngest child, last-
born child, baby of the family, [syn: pa§landik(
[Wn]
bin! £ (-ya; ). 1 ) bottom, lower part; 2 ) (syn;
• •
binat’ar; bingeh) base, basis, foundation,
fundament; 3) * stable (for animals) (JB 3). [also:
[beni]^ (JJ)) [Ba2/K/A/JB3/B//JJ]
binia Lp; = under. See biniya.
bin c in ^^p (Twn) = unripe almond. See nfv’in.
biniya L^p prep, below, under: *binia gund (Ba 2 )
below the village, [also: binia] (syn: bin II) <ezafeh
of bini> [Ba2/K]
binmilk JLL ^p m. (-§; ). crutch: •Binmilkft min
bide min (Elk) Give me my crutch, [syn: *golte
(Dh)) [Elk]
67
bino§k (Zeb) = terebinth. See bemk.
binp’e ^ (B) = step; sole; foot. See binp’i.
*binp 5 i /. (-ya;-ye). 1 ) step, footboard; 2 ) sole
(of foot or boot) ; 3) foot (of inanimate object, e.g .,
mountain) ; foot of bed: •Gund binp’ia
g’iakida (Ba2) The village [was] at the foot of a
mountain; 4) *prop, support; 5) * floor (of room),
[also: binp’e (B-2)) [Ba 2 /K/B]
bintati (IFb/HH) = type of grape. See binete’ti.
biok (HB) = ugly; dirty. See bok.
bi qimet adj. valuable, precious: *Ewi fire,
ti§teki bi qimet undakiriye (Z-l) It seemed to
him that he had lost something precious. [Z-l]
biqul Jjjb = sad. See bikul.
bir I ^> m. (-e; ). 1 ) side (of record , tape, etc.) ; 2 )
{syn; be§ I; deq [ 6 ]) part; 3) group: •Hergi ez ft
bireki weziren min em meldaren elemanan
in. Hergi ez ft bireki weziren min en din,
em meldariya sondxwariyan dikin (Ronahi)
As for me and one group of my ministers, we
support the Germans. As for me and a group of my
other ministers [=another group of my ministers],
we are in favor of the Allies [punchline of a joke];
4) [syn: col) [m.(FK-kk-2)/f (Hk) [-el- a; ).] part of
a flock or herd of sheep (B), smaller than a ken II
(Hk): »Kerr rabft syar bft hespe, gft, bireki
devaye gftr, te’zi qewrand (FK-kk- 2 ) Kerr
mounted his horse, and went and routed a group of
reddish, bare camels. [K/A/JB3/B/IFb/GF/Hk]
bir II f. ( name of a game: 1 ) men’s game with
two teams: the object is to move from one side to
the other (Msr); children’s game with two teams, in
which the defensive team tries to prevent the
members of the offensive team from crossing over
a line (K); 2 ) a children’s game similar to tag [Rus
piatnaski nHTHaniKH] (B). Cf. Za birr in. = 'a game
played with two groups who run' also known as
girr (Mai) [Msr/K/B]
bira I m. (biraye/bire; ). brother: *Hftn ...
miqati bir§ xwe bin (Ba) You take care of your
brother, {also: bra I (JB3/IF-2); brang (EP); [bera] \^
(JJ); <bira> 1 ^ (HH)} {syn; kek) [Pok. bhrater- 163.]
‘brother’: Skt bhratr [bhrata] m.; O P bratar- ( nom .
brata); MidP brad nom. (bradar obi. ); P baradar
Sor bira ; Za bira nom. (birar obi.) m.
(Todd); Hau bira m. (M4); cf. also Arm elbayr
bqpiujp; Lat frater; Rus brat 6 paT [birati I; brati 1}
[F/K/A/IF/B/SK//EP//JB3//JJ] <kek; xu§k>
bira II t= so that, in order that. See bila.
bira III ) ^>/bira \^ [A] adj. 1) [syn: fast) true, real,
genuine (Msr); 2) {syn: fast) right, correct (A):
•Welle, ez bi mesela Guri ne Kesiyame,
eger, bira, Guri ko ha be, welle, Guri hew
peva li mala min nan ft av nexar (Z-4) By
God, I have not heard about this matter with Guri
(=Mangyhead), [but] if [it is] true that Guri is like
that, then he will never again eat bread and water
in my house (=1 will kick him out), {also: bra II
(Msr)) [Msr//A//Z-4]
birajin jjt^ m. (). brother-in-law, wife's brother,
{syn: buri; xizm [3]) < bira = ’brother' + jin =
'woman, wife’ [K/A] <t’i II>
birajtin qjJ) (-biraj-) (K/OK) = to roast. See bira§tin.
birakuji ^.7*51 ^ f. ( ;-ye). fratricide, killing of one’s
(lit. & fig.) brothers: -§ere birakujiye (Wit)
fratricidal war, civil war. cbira = ’brother’ + kuj-
(<ku§tin) = ’kill’ [Wlt/K/IFb/OK]
bira§tin vt. (-biraj-/-birej-[JB3/M/SK/0K]/-
bre§-[IF]). to roast, grill, cook, {also: bijartin II (M-
2/A/HB); birajtin (K/OK-2); bra§tin (IFb- 2 /GF);
[berichtin /brazhtin (Rh)] (JJ)) (syn: qelandin
[l]} [Pok. 6 . bher- 137.] esp. I. bhereg- 'to roast,
bake, cook’: O Ir *braig- (Tsb 40): MidP bristan
(brez) - ’to roast’ (M3); Baluchi brejag/brvjag; P
berestan = ’to roast'; Sor birjan
[M/JB3/IFb/SK/TF/OK//K//A/HB//JJ] cpatin/pijm;
pijandin>
birati I ^ f. (-ya;-ye). brotherhood: *Ew
• • •
[ = Theofilos] bft sembola biratiya kurd ft
yewnanan (WM 1:4, p.16) He [=Theophilos] was
the symbol of Kurdish and Greek brotherhood.
{also: brati I (JB3)} [K/A/IF/B//JB3] cbira I>
bifati II <J ] S. 1 (). truth, reality; genuineness,
authenticity, {also: brati II (Msr)) [Msr] cbira III>
biraz jt^j, m. ( ; birez) (B) = nephew. See brazi.
biraza )j\ (K) = nephew or niece. See brazi.
birazi ^ (A/IF) = nephew or niece. See brazi.
birc (-a;-§). 1 ) tower; 2 ) {syn: kela) castle,
fortress, bastion: •Siwareki birindar, rimh ft
§ftr@ wi §ikesti bi xar hati bft ft li ber
deriyS birce sekini bft (Rnh 3:23, p.5) A
wounded horseman, his spear and sword broken,
came galloping up and stopped before the gate of
68
the castle; -Birca Belek (EP-7) The famous castle
in Jezira Bohtan in which Zin lived , in the romance
of Mem u Zin; 3) (any) sign of the zodiac,
horoscope (K/A/JJ): *Li rupela fala we , birca
cewiyan dixwinim (LC, p. 8 ) On the Your Luck
page, I read the gemini horoscope, {also: birg (A);
burc (JB3); [bourdj] ^ (JJ)( < Ar burj ^ = ’tower;
castle; sign of the zodiac’ [EP/F/K/IFb/B/JBl-S/
GF/TF/OK//A//JB3//JJ]
birg ^ (A) = tower; zodiac sign. See birc.
birgi adj. hungry: •Nan ft pivaz xwarina
■ %
birgiyan e (AB) Bread and onions are [lit. 'is'] the
food of the hungry; -t’l-birgi (J) hungry and
thirsty, [also: bergi (HB); birsi (MK/SK/JBl-A/Bw);
[birtchi] (JJ); <birgi ^^/birsi (HH)) Cf.
P gorosne osne = 'hungry' & ^
barahne = ’naked'; Sor birsi Za vey§an (Todd)
(birgiti) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//HB//MK/SK/
JBl-A/Bw] <Fi III>
birgibun (F) = hunger. See birgiti.
birgina [ra] [1 [dying] of hunger; out of
hunger. I syn: ji neza) [K]
birgiti f. ( ;-ye). hunger, [also: birgibun (F);
[birtchiti bersiti _^] (JJ)) {syn: nez I;
xela) Sor birsiyeti ^j/birseti ^
[K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B//F] <birgi; Fin II>
birek f ( ;-e). saw (cutting tool) . {also: [byrk
/ berek (JJ); <birek> J(HH))
[HB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/Wn/Bt/Erh//JJ]
birem ^ (Zeb-->Ak) = small lake. See berm,
birevabirin (AD) = to conduct, run. See bi re
ve birin.
bi r§ ve birin ^ vt. (bi re ve -b-). to
conduct, manage, carry out, direct, perform, run
(vt). | also: birevabirin (AD); revebirin (IFb)) {svn:
me§andiu) Sor be fewe birdin = 'to
manage' [Zeb/Dh/TF//AD//IFb]
bi r£ ve gdn (3^3^ VI* (bi re ve -g-). 1 ) I syn:
me§in) to walk, go: •Pirejinek di kdgeke
Londre de bi re ve digu (Ronahi) An old
woman was walking in a London street; 2) [f ]
walk, stroll, gait, {also: revegun (K); revaguyin (B);
[brehva/rehva cium] (JJ)) Sor be rewe gun
= 'to go along, live, get along (with)’
[Bw/TF/OK//JJ//K//B]
birSzyJ^ adj. 1) {syn: rezdar II) honorable, respected;
2 ) Mr., Mister (as title), {also: berez (Ber/K/JB3))
Sor berez (K2)/beriz (W&E)
[IFb/GF/TF//Ber/K/JB3] <fez II>
birh a (K/HH/Erh) = eyebrow. See bird.
birhan ^ (-birhe-) (M-Zx) = to stop (vi.) . See
biryan.
birih j&jj = eyebrow. See bird.
birin vt. (-b-/-be-[M-Ak]/-v- [Dz]). 1 ) to carry,
bring, take (away from the speaker) : *Bir ber
tate (L) [He] brought/took [her] to/before the rock
•Roke k’ete pe§ya bizine xwe, bir ser
kanye avde (Dz) One day he lead his goats to a
spring to water them; -Birin-anin = to deal in,
buy and sell: «Mast li Cizira Bota dibir u
dani (Z- 2 ) She bought and sold yoghurt in Jizira
Bota; -hev birin-anin (XF): a) to be entangled,
mixed up, confused; to deliberate: *Al-p 3 a§a u
giregirava geleki hev birin-anin (Z-l) Al
pasha and his men deliberated (or were confused);
b) to spread (vi.) , carry (of sounds) ; -§ik birin =
to doubt: *Jin §ike dibe ser wi (Ba) The woman
[his wife] doubts him; 2 ) to carry off, kidnap: *Te
kar§ min birine? (J) Did you take my kids
[=baby goats]?; 3) [+ji] {syn: derdan; dorandin
(M/K[s])l to win (at a game) , to beat, defeat s.o.
(XF/Z- 1 ): # Qirara wana se car bun, k’e ji
k’e bibira, we giliye xwe bikira (Z-l) They
decided to play three games, and whoever won,
would get his wish •Memo du cara ji mir bir
(Z-l) M. beat the prince twice [at chess], {also:
[birin] (JJ); cbirin (dibe) (HH))
[Pok.l. bher- 128.] 'to carry, to bear children': Skt
Vbhr [I. bharati/III. bibharti/II. bhdrti]; O Ir *bar-
(Tsb 38): Av & OP bar- (pres, bara-) = 'to carry,
bring’; MidP burdan (bar-) = 'to carry, bear, take,
endure’ & appurdan (appar-) = ’to steal’ (M3); P
bordan jj^ (-bar-) Sor birdin (-be-: 3rd
pers. sing, -ba[t]); Za bena [berdi§] (Todd); Hau
berdey (ber-) vt. (M4) {Cf. T gotiirmek) cf. also Arm
berel (W: perel) ptptL = ’to bring (toward the
speaker)’; Lat fero, ferre = ’to carry, bear'; Gr fer(n)o
4>ep (v)co ; Rus brat’ 6paTt (ber-) (6 ep-) = 'to take'
[K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/SK/M/XF] <anin>
birine I m.(Kmc-6)/f.(OK/RF) ( ; -i/-§).
(cooked) rice, {also: biring (A); [birindj] (JJ);
cbirino ^ (HH)) Cf. Skt vrlhi- = 'rice'; O Ir
*vrinji-/*vrizi-? (Hiibsch #208); Av *verenja-; O P
*vrinji-; Semnani varinj; Ossetic brinj; Baluchi
69
brin); P berenj ^ ^j/gurinj ^(Horn #208 &
Hiibsch); T piring; Sor birinc £ 3 ^ = rice (husked)’;
Za birinc m. (Mai); cf. also Arm brinj pp|ViA
[L/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/GF/TF/OK/RF/
Kmc- 6 //A] <belim; geltuk; dohin; pu§k; tu§k>
birinc II ^ jj m. ( ; -i/-§). brass, bronze, copper.
{also: biring (A); [birindj] ^^ (JJ)} Cf. P berenj ^
T piring; Sor birinc ^^ - 'brass’; cf. also Arm piinj
iqqhlA [K/A/JB3/IFb/J)/TF/RF] cmefreq; mis;
sifir I; §ib>
biring ^^ (A) = rice; brass. See birinc I & II.
biriqandin vt. (-biriqin-). 1 ) to enlighten,
shed light on; 2 ) [syn: biruskandin; ghrusandin;
teyisandin) to cause to shine; to polish, shine (vt.) .
{also: [beriqandin] ^ (JJ)}
[K/B/A/JB3/IFb/B/OK//JJ] <biriqin>
biriqin ^ vi. (-biriq-). 1 ) {syn: birus[k]in;
g’irusin; teyisin} to shine, glitter, sparkle: *Ser
singe Dumanlue cicina xulexula cewiked
av6 bH, 6d ku minani mara jorda
di§niikin, xwaro-maro dibtin, ber tirejned
tave dibiriqin (Ba2:l, p. 202 ) On the slope of
{Mount] Dumanlu here and there was the babbling
of brooks (of water), those which crept from above
like snakes, twisted around, and sparkled under
the rays of the sun »Weki gisne cot; giqas be
§ixulandin ewqas we bibiriqe (WM 1:2, p. 10 )
Like a plowshare, the more it is used, the more it
shines; 2 ) to be reflected (K). [also: birqin (Z-2);
[bereqin] ^^ (JJ)} [Z-2/Ba2/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/OK//JJ]
<biriqandin>
birin I f. (-a;-£). wound, injury (K/A/JB3/JJ);
wound resulting from a weapon or external blow
(IF); emotional wound (IF): -birina re§ = a) "black
wound,” disease common among the poor of
Kurdistan; b) name of a play by Musa Anter. 1 also:
brin II (JB3); [birin] (JJ); <birin> qj^(HH)}
[K/ A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/ SK/Msr]
birin II(j-^ vt. (-bir-). 1 ) to cut: -aqil£ fk-e
nabirin (mostly neg.) = a) (not) to understand,
comprehend; b) (not) to want, choose, be interested
in, care for: • [Meme went to try out his father's 40
horses. He put his hand on the back of each horse,
and each horse’s back broke] Mem§ aqil£ wi t 5 u
bora nebiri (EP) M. wasn’t "excited" about any of
the horses; -g’av§d xwe ji f-ti nebirin (Ba2)
not to take one’s eyes off stg.: »§ivana g 5 av6d
xwe ji pez nedibirin (Ba2) The shepherds
didn't take their eyes off the sheep; 2) to cut down,
fell (trees) : »Darbir gti. m§§e dara bibire (Dz)
The woodcutter went to the forest to cut down
trees; 3) to interrupt, cut short: »Ez xebera wi
§ekir dibirim (K 2 -Ferik) I interrupt his sweet
words, [also: birrin (A); birrtn (IF); brin I (-bir-)
(JB3); brrin (IF); [birin] (JJ); <birin> (HH)}
M. Schwartz: *brma—>*brma—> *brn—> *burr-
[Pok. bhrei- 166.] ’to cut, break'-->bhreE(y)-: Skt
Vbhrl [IX. bhrlnanti] = 'to consume; to hurt, injure’;
O Ir *br-/*brn- (Tsb 43): Av Vbray- (brin-); O P
*br-na-tiy = 'he cuts'; MidP brldan (brin-) &
burrldan (burr-) =’to cut (off), sever’ (cf. M3); P
borrldan jju^; Sor birin Za birrneno
[birrnayi§] (Todd); Hau biriey (bir-) vt. (M4). See:
Heinrich Hiibschmann. Arnienische Grammatik
(Leipzig : von Breitkopf & Hartel, 1897), v. 1 , p.
427; 49. Aw. Nir. 108. in: Christian
Bartholomae. “Arica X.” Indo-Germanisclie
Forschungen , 9 (1898), 253, note 2 .
[K/B/M/HH/SK/Msr//A//JB3//IF//JJ] cbirin I;
biryan>
birindar adj. 1 ) wounded, injured, hurt:
-birindar kirin (IFb/TF) to hurt, injure, harm:
• Dar serda k’et birindar kir (Dz) The tree fell
down [and] injured [him] *Le giqa ji §ivana ft
seed wana miqati li pez nekirana,
diqewimi, weki gura mik-dudu birindar
dikirin (Ba 2 ) But no matter how much the
shepherds and their dogs cared for the sheep, it
happened that the wolves wounded a sheep or two;
2 ) [m.[ casualty. { also: brindar (JB3); [birin-dar]
(JJ); <birindar> (HH)}
[Dz/K/A/]B3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
biriw = eyebrow. See bird,
birisk = lightning. See birusk,
biriyal (K) = decision. See biryar.
birk f. (-a; ). small pool, puddle: -birka av£
(M-Zx) do.: *Ew hat ser birka ave (M-Zx #752,
p.348) He came to the pool of water, [also: <b[i]rk>
J* (HH)} < Ar birkah [HB/A/HH/OK/M-Zx]
birmit (Bw) = snuff. See birmfit.
birmut o*-*(OK) = snuff. See birmfit.
birmrtt /. (-a; ). snuff, [also: birmit (Bw);
birmut (OK- 2 ); birnot’i (F/K); bifnot’i (B); birnut
70
(GF-2/0K)) <T burun otu = ’snuff [lit. 'nose herb)’:
Sor birnuti ^^ [Bw//IFb/GF//OK//F/K/B]
birnot’i (F/K)/bimot’i ^ (B) = snuff. See
birmut.
birnut (GF/OK) = snuff. See birmftt,
biro (SK) = eyebrow. See birti.
birow = eyebrow. See biru.
birow II^^j (K/JJ) = measles; scurf. See birov.
birqin qJs (Z-2) = to shine. See biriqin.
birrin (A) = to cut. See birin II.
birrin ^ j (IF) = to cut. See birin II.
birsi ^^ (MK/SK/JBl-A/Bw) = hungry. See birgi.
biru mJf.(B) ( ; /-ye), eyebrow, [also: birh (K-
2/Erh); birih; biriw; biro (SK); birow; buru (Azer);
buri; bru; [bourou^ / berou / buri ^1 (JJ);
<birh> o(HH); ebro; ebru (A)t [Pok.l. bhru-
172.12. bhru- 173.] ’eyebrow': Skt bhru Shughni
group: Shughni viriry; Khufi/Roshani/Bartangi/
Oroshori v(i)raw; Sarikoli vircw; Yazghulami vraw
(Morg2); P abru 3 ^1 Sor biru^^; Za birwe/birewi
(Mai); Hau biro m. (M4); cf. also Gr ofrus cxfipug f:,
Rus brov’ SpoBt /.; Eng (eye)brow
[F/K/IF/B/JJ//A//HH/Erh] <bijang; g’av>
binlsin vi. (-birtis-). to sparkle, twinkle:
•Carke li pa§iya mixare neri go ti§tek
dibirdsine (L) Suddenly he noticed something
twinkling at the back of the cave *Ev marek e,
gave wi dibirusinin (L) It's a snake, its eyes are
sparkling, [also: biruskin (K)) [syn: biriqin; g’irusin;
teyisin} [L/K]
birusk f ( ;-e). lightning, thunderbolt: -§i§a
birtiske (Z-4) thunderbolt, bolt of lightning, [also:
birisk; brusk (JB3/IF-2/Wn); burusk (Azer);
[birousk] (JJ); <birusik> d^j-> (HH)) [syn:
bap’e§k; bleg (IF)) Cf. Sor biriske
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/Wnl <t[i]rusk>
biruskin (K) = to sparkle. See birusin.
*biryan vi. (-biry&-). 1) to cease, stop, end
(vi.) ; 2) to stop flowing, run dry (riverbed) (JJ).
[also: birhan (-birhe-) (M-Zx); [biriian] (JJ))
[M/JJ] cbirin II>
biryar f. (-a; ). 1) [syn: qirar [1]) decision:
•Malbata min li ber biryara min rabu (Wit
1:36, p.16) My family was opposed [or, objected]
to my decision; -biryar dan (IFb/TF) to decide; 2)
agreement (treaty, pact) . [also: biriyal (K)) Sor
_B
biryar = ’decision’ [Ber/Wlt/IFb/TF/OK//K]
<daraz>
biryardar adj. determined (to do stg.), bound
and determined, firm in one’s determination,
having made up one’s mind: *L§ ez biryardar
btim ku biminim (Wit 1:36, p.16) But I was firm
in my decision to stay [or, I was bound and
determined to stay]. [Wit] <biryar>
bi sanahi ^bLo adj. 1 ) [syn: asan; sivik) easy:
• Tedbir bi-senai ye, emma Ketta noke me
ji tembeli nekiriye (SK 19:177) The remedy is
easy, but up till now we have not applied it out of
laziness; 2) [adv.] easily, [also: bi-senai (SK))
[Bw//SK]
bi sebr jJ d-wJ adj. l) patient; 2) enjoyable; interesting:
• Filme Mem u Zine ye bi sebr e (Bw) The
film “Mem u Zin” is enjoyable [or, interesting],
[Bw] <balke§; sebr>
bi-senai b*~u (SK) = easy. See bi sanahi.
bi ser k’etin (OK) = to succeed; to win. See
ser*k’etin.
bisilman jLLo (Ah) = Muslim. See misilman.
bisk eLo f. (-a;-e). bunch, lock of (woman’s) hair
(K/Haz); bangs (A/IF): *Btika me gi h§jaye, /
Bisk u keziya berdaye, / §erina dile
zavaya (Haz) How precious is our bride, / she has
let down (or: grown) bunches and braids of hair, /
the sweet one of the hearts of grooms *Ew esera
biska teye (FT) It is the effect of your hair (i.e.,
your beautiful locks of hair have affected me).
[also: [bisk] JLj (JJ); <bisk> *<Lo (HH))
[K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/Haz] <gix; gull I; kezi; p’or III;
t’uncik>
biskewit (Qzl/Qm§) = biscuit, cracker. See
biskuwit.
biskvet (Qtr-E) = biscuit, cracker. See
biskuwit.
bismar (A) = nail (for hammering) . See bizmar.
bispor (M) = expert (at herding, etc.). See pispor.
bist I /. (-a;-e). iron poker; skewer, spit (for
grilling meat): -bista nani (Zx) metal rod with
wooden handle used in baking bread, [also: [byst]
(JJ); <bist> (HH)| [syn: cax; §i§|
[Zx/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK] <tirok>
bist II k«o (SK) = (finger) span. See bost.
bista (K/JJ) = familiar; confident. See biste.
71
bistan m . (-e; bisten, vi bistani). breast (of
a nursing woman) : *Osiv bistanS de dike
dev§ xwe, dim§je (Ba3) Joseph puts his
mother's breast in his mouth [and] sucks [it]; -
bistan dayin (B) to nurse (an infant), {also:
[bystan] (JJ)) (syn: g’ig’ik; memik] Av fstana-;
Mid P pestan (M3); P pestan = ’breast, teat,
nipple’ [Ba3/F/K/B/JJ]
bistaq (). low-quality raisins that fall from the
vine onto the ground, [also: fistaq (GF); pisteq
(CB); <pisteq> (HH)] [syn: teyk (Klk))
[Msr//HH/CB//GF] <mewij>
biste <c^o/biste <4^ [§nx] adj. 1) familiar, close
(friend), ’like one of the family’ [cf. Ar bidun takllf
<Ju1Sj ^jo]: »Em lek bisteh in (Elk) We are like
family; We feel comfortable around each other; We
don’t stand on ceremony with one another »Ez li
te [ne] biste me (§nx) I feel [un]comfortahle
around you »Ye biste ye li mala filan kesi
(Bw) He is like a member of so-and-so's family; 2)
(syn: misoger I; pi§trast) confident, sure, assured
[Ar watiq jjJlj]: *Ez bi te biste me (GF) I have
confidence in you *§ero biste gh mala xwe
(GF) Shero confidently went home, {also: bista (K);
bisteh (Elk/OK); [bista (Rh)] (JJ) = confident)
according to JJ, cf. P gostax 'hold, impudent'
<Pahl wistax = ’confident, bold’ < Av stax; Arm
vstah i|_uimu<; = 'certain, sure’ (bistehi; bisteyi)
[Bw//§nx//K/JJ-Rh//Elk/OK]
bisteh (Elk/OK) = familiar; confident. See biste.
bistehi (GF) = confidence. See bisteyi.
bisteyi f. (). confidence: *Bi bisteyi gu (Bw)
He went confidently, [also: bistehi (GF)) {syn:
baweri) [Bw//GF] <biste>
bistek (K) = moment. See bistek.
bist! f. (-ya; ). midrib, central nerve or vein of
a leaf. [Zeb/K/IFb/B/GF]
bisurman (FT) = Muslim. See misilman.
bi§aftin (Zeb) = to melt, dissolve; to assimilate.
See pi§aftin.
bi§avtin (K/IFb/TF/OK) = to melt, dissolve; to
assimilate. See pi§aftin.
bi§irin (IFb) = to smile. See bi§kurin.
bi§kaftin (Kr§/HH) = to unstitch. See
bi§kavtin.
bi§kavtin vt. (-bi§kev-[K]/-bi§kiv-[IF]). 1)
to unbutton (K/IF); 2) to unstitch, undo (stitches),
tear apart at the seams (K/IF/B/Kr§); 3) to open (its
flowers or blossoms; said of trees) (K). {also:
bi§kaftin (-bi§kife-) (Kr§); bi§kivandin (-bi§kivin-)
(B); [bechikaftin (j^lS^/chikaftin
; (JJ); <bi§kaftin SlL> (dibi§kive) (HH))
[K/IF//HH/Kr§//JJ] <bi§kivin; bi§koj>
bi§kifandin qjjU&j (-bi^kifin-) (Haz) = to become
unstitched. See bi§kivln [2].
bi§kifin (-bi§kef-) (IF) = to become unbuttoned.
See bi§kivin [1].
bi§kiftin (-bi§kiv-) (M) = to blossom. See
bi§kivin [3].
bi§kivandin (-bi§kivin-) (B) = to unbutton; to
unstitch. See bi§kavtin.
bi§kivin vi. (-bi§kiv-). 1) ( also: bi§kifin (-
hi§kef-) (IF)) to hecome unbuttoned, unbutton (vi.)\
2) { also: bi§kifandin (-bi§kifin-) (Haz)) to become
unstitched, to come apart at the seams (K/IF/HH);
3) { also: bi§kiftin (-bi§kiv-) (M)) to open up (vi.) (of
blossoms, flowers . and the like) , to blossom
(K/A/JB3/IF/Haz): -Berf, ji ser giyayen me
radibe, ji nav berfe, beybun dibi§kivin
(Wit 1:35. p.4) The snow melts from our
mountains, [and] amid the snow, the chamomile
blossoms *Bi§kuye daran bi§kivi (IF) The
trees' blossoms have opened, {also:
[bichkewin/bechikiwin] (JJ); <pi§kivin
Cf&H (dipi§kuvi) (HH))
[K/A/JB3/B//IF//JJ//HH//Haz] <bi§kavtin; bi§koj>
bi§kof Cio = button. See bi§koj.
bi§koj f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: mevok (A); qumge
(Dy/Srk)) button; 2) bnd (JB3/B/Bw). {also: bi§kof;
bi§kok (B/Msr); bi§ko§k; bi§kov [1]; pi§koj (K-2);
pi§kok (Msr-2); [pychkoj pychkoch
(JJ); <bi§kuj>iyly (HH))
[F/K/A/JB3/IF/Bw//HH//JJ//B/Msr] <bi§kavtin;
bi^kivin; gul; solin II>
bi§kok (B/Msr) = button. See bi§koj.
bi§kori (K/B) = child laborer; farmhand. See
pi§kuri.
bi§ko§k el = button. See bi§koj.
bi§kov f. (). 1) = button. See bi§koj; 2) {syn:
xulbok (Msr)) buttonhole (Srk/Dy). [Srk/Dy]
bi§kul pl./f.(B) ( ;/-£). goat manure (in the
shape of little balls) (Msr/Mzg); sheep or camel
dung (K/A/JJ): -bi§kul kirin (B) to defecate (of
sheep, goats , camels, or rabbits) . {also: bi§qul
(Mzg); bu§qul (IF-2); pi§kul; [pychkoul] (JJ);
<pi§kul> JSljo (HH)} Cf. P piskil JSjio = 'orbicular
dung of sheep’; Sor pi§kil JS2o/pi§qil Ja-j; Za
pi§kul f. = 'goat droppings' (Todd)
[K/Msr/B//A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF//Mzg] <azale; g’ert;
guhur; k’erme; kegkur; fix; sergin; sergo; seklot;
tepik; t’ert[ik]; zibil; zirig> See also pi§kul.
bi§kurin vi. (-bi§kur-). to smile:
• Sterken §eve ji me re dibi§irin (IFb) The
stars of the night were smiling at us. {also: bi§irin
(IFb)) ( 5772 ; be$i§in; girnijin) [Bw//lFb] <k’enin>
bi§qul JjJuxj (Mzg) = goat manure. See bi§kul &
pi§kul.
*bitir >0 adj. 1) pretentious, ostentatious, spoiled (T
fiyakah, §imarik); 2 ) insolent, fresh, smart-aleck {T
kiistah); 3) fast growing (of animals and plants)
(HH). [also: <bitir> J* (HH)) [Ber/A//HH]
bitirper (IFb) = three days ago. See betraper.
bitirperar J\ (IFb/GF) = three years ago. See
betraperar.
biti§t o-icu adj. pregnant, expecting: *Ew ya bi ti§t
e (Bw) She is pregnant, {syn: bihemil; bizar;
ducani; duhala; giran I; Kemle; zar II)
[Elk/Bw/Ag/GF]
bive-neve (B) = willy-nilly. See bive-neve.
bivej jZJb (K) = poet. See biwej [l].
bive-neve c y Jo willy-nilly, whether one likes it or
not, absolutely: »Bive neve tu hini zman§
Kurd! bibi (IFb) You're going to learn Kurdish
whether you want to or not »Bive neve tu were
(K) You absolutely must come [whether you want
to or not], {also: bive-neve (B); [bewi newi]
(JJ); <biveneve> (HH))
[K/A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ//B] <viyan>
bivir jjL m.(SK/F)/f.(K) (-e/ ; ). axe, hatchet: •Cindi
Axa bi deste xo Temer bi biwiri temam
kir (SK 40:386) Jindi Agha finished Tamar off with
his own hands with an axe • kalilmeki biviran =
old, rusty axe. [also: bavir, m. (F); bivr (GF); biwir
(SK); [biwir] ^ (JJ); <bivir> Jb (HH)) \syn: balt’e;
tevir [ 1 ]) Sorbiwur ± ^ = 'axe'
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/TF/OK//GF//SK//F] <kalume;
k’uling; tevirzin; tev§o>
bivr Jb (GF) = axe. See bivir.
biwartin j =to pass. See bihurtin.
*biwej m. Q.l) {also: bivej (K)} [syn: helbestvan;
hozanvan; §ayir) poet (K/A); 2) {also: biwije (JB3)}
storyteller (JB3) ; 3) idiom (IF). [(neol)A/IF//K//JB3]
biwir J 5 J (SK) = axe. See bivir.
biwije ojjjj (JB3) = storyteller. See biwej [2].
bixeri (B) = fireplace; chimney. See pix§rik.
•»
bixeri (A/JB3) = fireplace; chimney. See
pixerik.
bixur (IFb/TF) = pebble. See bixJir.
bixur in. (). pebble; gravel, {also: bixur (IFb/TF)}
{syn: xig’ik; xiz [2]; zuxr) [Omr//IFb/TF] <ber III;
kevir; xiz>
biyani (Ber/JB3/IF/JJ/SK) = foreign; common. See
biyani.
biyok (IFb/Kmc-2) = quince. See bih.
*bizaftin vt (-bizev-[M/K]/-bizef-[IF]). 1)
I syn: leqandin; lipitandin; livandin) to (cause to)
move (vt.) (M/JJ); 2) to send, dispatch; to
accompany, escort (IF); 3) [syn: biziftinj/vij to
move, budge, stir (vi.) (K). {also: bizawtin (SK);
[bezaftin] (JJ)) Cf. Sor bizawtin
[M/IF//JJ//SK] <biziftin>
biza§tir (A/Wlt) = three-year-old sheep. See
bija§tir.
bizawtin (SK) = to move. See bizaftin &
biziftin.
bizar adj. pregnant. ( syn: avis; bihemil; duhala;
giran; hemle) < bi = 'with' + zar = 'child' [Wn]
<avis>
bizav f. (-a; ). 1) motion, movement (lit & fig.):
•Bizava we ya piguktrin a ji bo pe§eroja
w§ ya siyasi, bi cezayen girantirin tdt
pelgiqandin (Ber #7, p. 10) Its slightest
movement for its political future is crushed with
the most heavy of punishments •SInama, di
esas de bizav (hareket) e (Ber #7, p. 10)
Cinema is basically movement; 2) {syn: k’eft u left;
p’ek’ol; xebat) effort, attempt, endeavor
(VoA/GF/Bw); striving: *23 milyon dolar ySt
danayn bo bizavet we yet harikariye bo
k§m kirina hindek ji nexo§i Ji dijwar§t ku
rijima Sedam fliseyne bo gelS c !raq§
gekirin (VoA) $23 million has been set aside for
its ^America’s] assistance efforts to lessen some of
the disease and difficulties which the regime of
Saddam Hussein has created for the Kurdish
people; -bizav kirin (Zeb) to strive, endeavor:
73
•Her wesa Ingilizan bizav kir ji bo
lawazkirina rol§ welatSn biyani li we
dever@ (Metin 62[1997]:26) Likewise, the English
strove to weaken the role of foreign countries in
that region; 3) [adj.] *lively, active, full of
movement (IFb/TF/OK). Cf. Sor bizew^jy. =
'restless, fidgety'
[(neol)Ber/VoA/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK/Bw] cbizaftin;
biziftin>
bizdin yj jy> vi. (-bizd-). l) [syn: pigan; qetin) to
break, snap, tear (vi.) (K/IF/M); to burst, split, crack
(vi.) (K); to be broken (JJ); to have a relapse (JJ); 2 ]
[+ ji] (syn: tirsin) to be afraid or scared, to fear
(K/A/HH); to be scared to death (IF); to tremble
with horror (JJ): ®Ji tireja tave ew bizdiyaye
(Z- 2 ) He was frightened by a ray of sunlight, [also:
[byzdiian] jl jy (JJ); cbizdan (dibizde)
(HH)| [Z-2/K/A/IF/M//JJ//HH] <pigan>
bizdok Jjjy (Elk/Slm/IFb/GF) = coward. See
bizdonek.
bizdonek Jyiyy m. (). coward, [also: bizdok
(Elk/Slm/IFb- 2 /GF- 2 ); [byzdounek] Jj^jy (JJ))
[syn: tirsonek) [Frq/Qrj/K/Ifb/GF//JJ//Elk/Slm]
*biziftin y-^y vi. (-biziv-). to move, budge, stir
(vi.) . [also: bizaftin (K) [3]; bizawtin (SK); bizivin
(IF)) (syn: leqin; lipitin; livin I) Sor bizutin
bizwan jby (-bizu-) (Mukri)/biziftin
Qjay/bizwm (Arbil) [M//IF] <bizaftin>
bi zihn qaj v adj. smart, clever, sharp, [syn: aqil I;
aqiljir; aqilmend; aqiltij (Bw); bi fern; jir; zix I) <bi
+ Ar dihn = 'intelligence' [Bw]
bizin yy f./m.(SK) (-a;~§). goat, she-goat, “nanny”
goat, zool. Capra liircus: •Bizinek binat’ara
bizinekeda av ne xar (Dz) One goat would not
drink water at a lower point than another goat [lit.
'in a goat’s lower point'] •Roke k’ete pe§ya
bizine xwe, bir ser kanye avde (Dz) One day
he led his goats to a spring to water them •Rhne
game§an ji ye bizinan pirtire (AB) Buffalo
butter is more plentiful than goat butter; -§ire
bizind (B) goat's milk, [also: [bizin] TO’
<bizin> <jy (HH)) [Pok. bhugo-s 174.] 'male animal
of various kinds: stag, ram, he-goat' + feminine
suffix -in: Southern Tati dialects (all /.): Danesfani,
Ebrahim-abadi, Takestani, Sagz-abadi beza = 'she-
goat' (Yar-Shater); Sivandi baza = 'she-kid' & baza
= 'kid' (Morgenstierne in: A Locust’s Leg ; Studies
in Honour of S.H. Taqizadeh (London, 1962), pp.
203-4); P boz y = 'goat'; Sor bizin ^ = '[male or
female] goat'; Za biz f. = '[she-] goat' & bizek f./m. =
'kid (goat)' (Todd); Hau bize f = 'goat' & bizle m.
= 'kid' (M4); K—> T bizin [Babik, Potiirge-Malatya;
Tiirkgayin, Kotiire, Akga§ar, Af§in-Mara§] = 'goat'
(DS, v. 2, p. 675); Cf. OEng bucca = 'he-goat'; Eng
buck = 'adult male of certain animals, e.g., deer or
rabbit’ [F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK] <gisk, m. = one
year-old kid; hevuri = l-,2-, or 3-year-old male
goat; kur I = sayis = 3-year-old male goat; kar[ik], f.
= kid; neri I = billy goat; pez = (flock of) sheep and
goats; ruyn = reddish goat; tu§tir = young (1-, 2-, or
3-year-old) female goat>
bizir I jyj (K[s]) = lost; absent. See berza.
bizivin yjy (IF) = to move, budge (vi.) . See biziftin.
bizi f. ( ;-ye). elm tree, bot. Ulmus [T karaagag,
P narvan ^jU]: -dara biziy§ (RZ) do. [also: bizu
(RF- 2 ); <bizu>jyj (HH)) [Pok. uing-/ueig- (uig-?)
1177] 'elm'; O Ir *uizu- [*wizu- (A&L p.94 [XVIII,
1 ] )]: Zabulistan yuzbe; eastern P, also Samarkand,
Sistan guzm [for guzm]; Talish & Astara vizim;
Talisbi dialect vizmado; Tarom vizm; Sor wuzm
^ & Mukri buz (Houtum-Schindler); Gurani &
Luri wiz; Za bizmeri = 'type of tree’ (Mai); cf. also
Eng wych (elm); Rus viaz BH3. See: W.B. Henning.
“The Kurdish Elm,” Asia Major, ser. 2 , 10 (1963),
68-72. [IFb/RF/RZ//HH]
bizm ^y (IF) = bridle; bit. See bizmik.
bizmal JLy (Ba/B) = nail (for hammering) . See
bizmar.
bizmar jLy m. (-5; bizmer, vi bizmari). (large)
nail (for hammering) : *qore bizmal (Ba) a
handful of nails, [also: bismar (A-2); bizmal (Ba/B-
2 ) ; mizmar; [bizmar] jLy (JJ); <bizmar> jLy (HH))
[syn: mix) < Ar mismar
[Ba//K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH]
bizmik ^y (B) = bridle; bit. See bizmik.
bizmilug Ly (IFb) = icicle. See §embelilk.
bizmik f. ( ;-e). l) (syn: celeiv I; dizgin; gem;
qetirme; lixab) rein; bridle (K/IF); 2 ) bit (of a bridle)
(K); 3) stick placed in the mouth of a lamb or kid
for weaning (B/HH). [also: bizm (IF); bizmik (B);
[byzmik] <-Ly (JJ); <bizmik> <jLy (HH))
[IF//K/JJ//B/HH]
bizot ojyj/bizot (JBl-A) m.(Bw/JBl-A/OK)/
f.(F/B) (-§/ ; /-§). ember(s); fire brand, [also:
bizotik (OK-2); bizotik’ (JBl-A-2); bizut (IFb-2);
bizut (K); [bezot] (JJ~G)} {syn: k’ozir; tiraf) Sor
serebizut 'cbarred stick, brand, meteor 1
[Bw/F/A/IFb/B/SK/GF/OK//JJ-G//
JB1-A//K] <agir; helemor; pe§k III[l]; xweli>
bizotik (OK)/bizotik’ cJjjkj (JBl-A) = embers. See
bizot.
bizrik J (IF) = pimple; boil. See pizik.
bizut (IFb) = embers. See bizot.
bizu^j (RF/HH) = elm. See bizi.
bizut oj 5 >> (K) = embers. See bizot.
bi I ^ m.&f. ( ; /-ye), widow(er) ( syn : bejin): -jina
bi (F/IF/B)/jinebi (K/A)/bijin (RZ) widow;
-mere bi (F/IF) widower (syn: jinmiri). [also: bih
(A) ; [bi] ^ (JJ); <jinebi> (HH)) [Pok. ueidh-
1127.] 'to divide, separate': Skt vidhava f. ; O Ir
*vidava-: Av vidauua- Mid P wewag (M3);
Southern Tati dialects: Xiaraji vivia f = 'widow'
& Chali/Xiaraji viva m. = ’widower’ (Yar-Shater);
P bive/beve Sor bewe[jin] [jj']©*!} = widow';
Za viya f. = 'widow' (Todd) [F/K/IF/B/JJ//A//HH]
bi II ^ f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) [syn: benav [ 1 ]} willow tree,
bot. Salix : *Jine got, "Here, hindek §oket
biy@ bine, li pe§ gawet xelki se car xilefan
geke" (SK 35:314) His wife said, "Go and bring
some osiers [type of willow] and make three or
four hive-baskets in the sight of people"; -dara bi
(B) do.; 2 ) poplar tree (K). [also: [bi^/bid
jwo/bihouk -4^/biouk (JJ); <bi> ^(HH)}
<*beh/blh <0 Ir *waiti- (A&L p. 84 [IV, 2 ] + 94
[XVIII, 1 ]): Av *vaetl- f ; Pashto vala; Mid P wed
(M3); P bld/bed Sor bi ^/bikol jj£o =
'willow'; Hau darbi (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/Kmc-6]
bibelerz jj J ^ f. (-a; ). earthquake, [also:
bibelerze (SS); bivelerz (Zeb-2/RZ-2/SS-2);
bomelerze (K[s]/A)) [syn: belelerz (F/K); 'erdliejin;
'erdlerzin; zelzele) Cf. P bumahan
c ^ 3 j/bumahIn c j r ^ 3 J = 'earthquake' <0 P & Av
buml- = 'earth' [Pok. bheu-, etc.\ bhu- 146.ff.] ’to
grow, blossom, swell, be’ + VmanS- = ’to stir, to
move (vi.) Sor bumelerze & bulerze
(Mukri) [Zeb/AA/RZ//SS//K(s)/A]
bibelerze (SS) = earthquake. See bibelerz .
biber j f. (-a;-@). pepper: -bibera Te§ (B) black
pepper [syn: dermane germ (Msr/A/JJ-PS)); -
bibera sor (B) red pepper, [also: [biber] ^ (JJ);
_B
<piber> 3^0 (HH)} (syn: back; guncik; Kigftar; isot}
Cf. T biber; Sor biber [HB/K/JB3/B//JJ//HH]
bibik JLo (A) = pupil. See bibiq.
bibil (IF) = pupil. See bibiq.
bibok m. (K) = pupil. See bibiq.
bibun = camomile. See beybtin.
bic (K/B/EP-5) = bastard. See pig.
bigek (BK) = a little. See pigek.
bigi L5 ^o (HB) = finger. See beg’i II.
bih (A) = widow(er). See bi I.
bihn (K) = smell; breath. See bin I.
bihr (IFb) = memory. See bir.
bijin (RZ) = widow. See bejin II & bi I.
biji cS j^> (IF/GF) = bastard. See pig.
• 1
bilan (F) = knowing. See bilyan.
bilyan jLlo (B) = knowing. See bilyan.
bin I f. (-a;-e). 1) smell, odor, scent: -bin j§
hatin = to smell of, give off a smell, reek of:
•Keg’ik gava dinere ser§ we, bina
kuredere je te (J) When the girl looked at her
head, [she noticed that] that a bad smell came from
it (or her) »Bina dya min sere te te (J) My
mother’s smell is coming [from] your head [=you
smell like my mother]; -bin pozd fk-3 k’etin
(Dz) to catch a whiff of, to smell (vt.) : *Ni§keva
bina k’ivava k’ete poz@ wan (Dz) Suddenly
they smelled kebabs; -bihin kirin (BX) to smell,
breathe in: *Dinya gulek e, bihin bike u w§
bide hevale xwe (BX) The world is a flower,
smell it and pass it on to the next person [prv.]; -
bina ft-i k’i§andin (B) to breathe in: *§ivan
xwera nava kulilkada digerin, bina hewa
g’iyaye t’emiz dik’i§inin (Ba2:l, p.203)
Shepherds roam among the flowers, breathing in
pure mountain air; 2) breath (used in expressions
dealing with one's mood) : -bina fk-3 derhatin =
to be homesick [syn: see beri II): *Ez hatime
welat§ xerib, bina min p§ dert@ye (Z-l) I’ve
come to a strange land, I’m homesick [lit. 'my
breath is leaving over it’]; -bina xwe derhatin
(EP-7)/bina fk-3 derk’etin (XF) to unburden
one’s heart; to relax, be relieved, get a load off
one's mind; -ben fireh bun (L) to calm down, be
calm [lit. 'for one's breath to be broad/wide']:
• Dawiy§ bena min fireh bibe, ez£ bixwim
(L) When I calm down, I'll eat; -ben teng bfin (L)
to be sad, upset [lit. ’for one's breath to be narrow']:
75
•Bena min teng e (L) I'm sad or upset; -bena
xwe vedan (Msr) to rest, relax: *Eze bena xwe
vedim (Msr) I will take a rest, {also: behn (A-2/IF-
2 ); ben (L/SK); bihin (BX); bihn (JB3/IF/JB1-S);
bihn CK/IF); [behin] ^ (JJ); <bihn> ^ (HH))
<*buhn <*bo8n <0 Ir *baud-na- [*baud- = 'to
sense, perceive, notice, cf. bihistin] (A&L p. 83
[II]): P buy ^ = 'odor, scent'; Sor ben ^/bon ^
= 'smell' & bin = 'breath'; A&L reject
Tsaholov’s connecting bin I with Av vaena- & P
blnl = 'nose' (Tsb2, p. 44)
[K//A/B//BX//JB3/IF/HH/JB1-S//JJ//L/SK]
bin II qo (Ur/M-Zx) = to be; to become. See bun.
binahi ;_o /. (-ya; ). vision, faculty of sight: -
binahiya gava (Mzr) do. {also: binayi (K/A/GF-
2)) Sor binayi ^Go [Mzr/Ak/IFb/GF/TF//K/A]
• #
binane £jGo (Z- 2 ) = like, similar to. See fena & mina.
binayi ^yGo (K/A/GF) = vision. See binahi.
♦ ♦
binxwa§ j. djjA^o (IFb) = fragrant. See binxwe§.
binxwe§ adj. fragrant, aromatic: •Xarina
bajeriya, ko §irini, pilaw, go§t, Sprax,
§orbawa bi dermanet benxo§ u ti§t§ weki
wane bo wi didanane ser sifre (SK 31:274)
He would set on the tablecloth townsmen's food,
which is sweetmeats, pilaf, meat, stuffed vine
leaves, soup with fragrant spices and other such
things, {also: benxo§ (SK); bihnxwe§ (GF); binxwa§
(IFb); [behn-a khoch] G# (JJ)) Sor bonxo§
[SK//B//GF//IFb//JJ]
bir I _>o /. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: bal II) {also: bihr (IFb- 2 ))
memory: -bir k’etin = to occur to, remember:
•L& bi §abhna Mem§ ... nan u av nak’evne
bira wan (EP) From [so much] rejoicing over M.
... they forgot about food [lit. 'bread'] and water;
-hatin bira fk-e = to remember, come to mind:
•Te bira te, wexta go em hatin ber w&
ave? (L) Do you remember, when we went to that
river?; -[ji] bira fk-t gdn/kirin = to forget:
•Eva t’emiya min wera, hiin w@ bir nekin
(Ba) This is my warning to you, don't forget it *Li
bedewi k’emala M. met’elmayi bir
kiribtin, weki nan ft emek M.ra binin (Z-l)
They were [so] amazed at M.’s beauty [that] they
forgot to bring him bread and food; 2) {also: beri
II} longing, homesickness (Ag/Kp): -bira fk-e
kirin (Kp/Ag) to miss, be homesick for: *Ez bira
mala xwe dikim (Kp) I am homesick, {also:
[berbir^o] (JJ)} Sor bir _^o = ’mind, memory'; Za
vir m. (Todd); Hau wir m. (M4) [cf. usage of P yad
jLJ [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/0K]
bir II ^o /. (-a;-e). well, pit: *30 sal bere seeta
bave min ketibft ve bir§, min ji iro derxist
(LM, p. 12) 30 years ago my father's watch fell into
this well, today I brought it out *Avitne [sic]
bireke k’ftr (Ba) They threw [him] into a deep
well *Daveje bire (Ba) He throws it in the well
•Wexta bira ew avitne bine bire (Ba) When
the brothers threw him into the bottom of the well.
I also: [bir] ^o (JJ); <bir> ^o (HH)} < Ar bi‘r (bir)
[Ba/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <g’al II;
k’ort>
bir III ^o (HB) = rock. See ber III.
biskiwi (IFb) = biscuit, cracker. See biskuwit.
biskuwit /. (). biscuit, cracker, {also: biskewit
(Qzl/Qm§); biskvet (Qtr-E); biskiwi (IFb)) {syn:
*hindok (IF); totik I) < Eng biscuit < Fr bis = 'twice'
+ cuit = 'cooked' [BK//IFb//Qzl/Qm§//Qtr-E]
bist I o—o n uni. twenty, 20: *bist ft yek = twenty-
one, 21; -qurna bista (B) the twentieth century.
I also: [bist] o— j (JJ); <bist> o—o (HH)} [Pok. ui-
kmt-I 1177.] 'twentv'->M. Schwartz: ProtoIE
*dwidkmtiH, generally given as *wikmti-: Proto-
Indlr *vinsati--> Skt vimsati; O Ir l)*vinsati—>
Ossetic insaadz/insaei & 2)*vlsati- --> Av wlsati-; P
bist o—o; Sor bist o—o; Za vist (Todd); Hau wis
(M4); Cf. Lat viginti [F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <didu;
clu I>
bist II o—o (F) = span. See bost.
bistan (jG~o m. (-e;-i). (fruit) garden: *Min
bistanek gandiye. Were, bigin, ade bikeyn
(SK 21:193) I have planted a garden. Come, let us
go and weed it *Xezal gft, xwe li bistani da
berze kir (M-Zx #751, p.348) The gazelle went
and lost itself in the garden, {also: bostan (;
bosten/bostin) (K/IFb/B/OK-2); <b[u]stan>
(HH)) {syn: baxge; bax) Cf. P/Ar bustan ^Go =
’fragrant garden'
[M-Zx/A/JB3/SK/GF/TF/OK//K/IFb/B//HH]
bistek j f. ( ;-e). moment, while, second (60th
of a minute) : -bisteke (L) for a little while:
•Bisekine, erne bistek@ li v£ qehw§ peye
bin (L) Wait, we're going to stop at this
coffeehouse for a while {also: bistek (K); bistik (A))
[L//K//A]
76
bistik (A) = moment. See bistek.
bistin (Ad/A/IF/M) = to hear. See bihistin.
bistsali f. ( ;-ye). 1) twenty-year period;
mm
2 )[adj.] twenty-year-old, twenty years old. [K/B]
bivelerz (Zeb/RZ/SS) = earthquake. See
bibelerz .
bivok -JjpLo (F/K) = quince. See bih.
biya Ho (Hk) = hrother-in-law. See buri.
biyani ^Lwo adj. 1 ) foreign, strange; 2 ) ordinary,
common, vulgar (JJ). {also: biyani (Ber/JB3/IF/SK);
[biiani] (JJ)) P blgane Sor begane
See Outside in: I. Gershevitch. “Outdoor Terms in
Iranian,” A Locust’s Leg : Studies in Honour of
S.H. Taqizadeh (London, 1962), pp.76-84;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica , ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 176-78; also 3. begane in his
“Etymological Notes on Persian mih, naxcir,
begane, and blmar,” in: Dr. J.M. Unvala Memorial
Volume (Bombay, 1964), pp.89-94; reprinted in
his Philologia Iranica , pp. 192-93.
[Ber/JB 3/IF/JJ/SK//K]
bjang JjIjj, m. (B) = eyelashes. See bijang.
bjijk Jjjjj (IFb) = doctor, physician. See biji§k.
bji§k eTiojq (JB3) = doctor, physician. See biji§k.
bleg f(RF)/m.(OK) (). lightning, {also: bileg
(RZ/IFb-2)) {syn: bap’e§k; birusk) [IFb/OK/RF//RZ]
blur (IFb) = flute. See bilur.
blyan qLL (EH) = knowing. See bilyan.
bo Ip m. Dad(dv)! Pop(pa)! (vocative) : »Ya bo! (L)
Hey, Dad! {also: bavo!) [L] <bav>
bo II p prep, for; to: *ji bo hin ramanen siyasi
(BX) for some political thoughts; -ji bo ve (yeke)
= for this reason; -ji bo Xwede (L) for God’s sake.
[also: ji bo; [ji] bona; [bou](JJ)) [BX/K/A/B//JJ]
bobelisk d^J*jp (K/B) = whirlwind. See babelisk.
boc! tjz.p f./m.(B) (). dachshund, short and squat dog
[Rus taksa TaKca]: •Bocike wi hebu (Ba) He
had a dachshund. [Ba/B] <kug’ik>
bog 1 gp f./m . (Mzg) (-a/-e;-e/). tail: •Bizina xez ji
ew bizin e ku dora dev, poz, gav, he§a
ji cenabe te--dora boga we bi rengeki sore
zer, kej an ji qehweyi be (Hesene Mete)
"Bizina xez" is a goat who has a reddish-yellow,
blonde, or brownish color around its mouth, nose,
eyes, and -no offense to you-around its tail, {also:
bog’ik; [bo 6] ^ (JJ)) (syn: del II; du II; k’ilk; kuri I
(Bw); qemg[ik]; teri I[l]} < W Arm boc'
[IFb/B/JJ/GF/Mzg] <duv>
bogi pp (A/IFb/GF) = why. See bogi.
bog’ik f (-a;-e). 1) {syn: del II; du II; k’ilk;
4
qemg[ik]; teri I[1 ]} tail (B): •Gem§ hespa li dev§
hespa nedidan, li bine bogka hespa didan
(FK-kk- 1 ) They didn’t put the horses’ bits in their
mouths, they put them under the horses’ tailfs]; 2 )
end of the spinal column, formed by the sacrum
and the coccyx (A); 3) stem (of some fruits) (IF); 4)
nervous jumping (IF), {also: pog’ik (Dz-#897))
[B/A/IFb/Mzg/Rh] <duv I>
bogi/bo gi ^ p interrog. part, why?: *Te bo gi
we'de xo §kand? (SK 2:13) Why have you
broken your promise? *Tii bo gi ho 'aciz i?'
(SK 3:20) Why are you so miserable? {also: bogi
(A/IFb- 2 /GF)) {svn: *hov; gima; *ji ber gi)
[Bw/IFb/SK/JBl-A//A/GF]
bod j>p = trough or boat made from a log. See bot.
Bohtan jLofcjq (). a region in the provinces of Siirt
and Mardin, inhabited by the Boti tribe,
encompassing the area between Hazo (=Kozluk)
and Misirc (=Kurtalan), whose center is the city of
Cizre [Jizirat Ibn c Amr] in §irnak province
(formerly part of Mardin). {also: Botan (Haz);
<buhtan> jL# (HH)) [K/A/IF//Haz//HH] <Mezra
Bohtan>
Bohtani (jVjtp (K). See Bohti.
• •
Bohti (jP&P ()• 1) Kurdish tribe inhabiting the region
• •
of Botan (or Bohtan) (qv.); 2) Kurdish Kurmandji
dialect, spoken in Bohtan. {also: Bohtani (K); Boti
(Haz); cbuhti ^^j/buxti fj&o> (HH))
[A/IF//Haz//K//HH]
*bok jiip adj. 1) {syn: k’iret) ugly, disgusting (person)
(HB); 2) {svn: gepel; dijun; gemari; mirdar; p’is;
qirej) dirty (IF), {also: beok (IF); biok (HB- 2 );
<bi’ok> (HH)) Gf. T bok = 'shit' [HB//IF//HH]
bomb (-a;-§). bomb: -bomb avitin
(K/B)/~kirin (B) to bomb, bombard, {also: bombe
(IF)) [F/K/B//1F]
bombavej (K[s]/B) = bomber. See
bombeavej.
bombe (IF) = bomb. See bomb,
bombeavej f. ( ;-e). bomber (airplane) :
•Bombeavejen me en sivik ... li rShesinfin
erde Kaparanikaye xistine (RN) Our light
bombers hit the railroads of Kaparanika. {also:
77
bombavej (K[s]/B)} [(neol)RN/JB3/IF//K(s)/B]
<balafir>
bomelerze ajj-Joujj (K[s]/A) = earthquake. See
bibelerz.
bon (M/SK) = to be; to become. See bfln.
bona prep. 1 ) for; «Ez§ (ji) bo(na) zaroyen
xwe bixebitim (BX) I will work for [the benefit
of] my children •Gula ko min gin! jo bo(na)
te ye (BX) The rose which I picked is for you
•Pez§ n£r ji bo kere ye (BX) The ram is
destined for the knife [prv.] «Ji bo hin raman§n
siyasi (BX) For some political thoughts; -ji bona
xatire = a) for the sake of, because of: *Ji bona
xatirS kevnek jina te xwe xistiye vi hall
(L) Because of an old woman you are in this [bad]
shape; b) [with neg.] lest - see under 2 ); 2 ) [conj.j
{ syn: bila; da II; deqene; beta ko [4]; weki [ 2 ]) for,
in order to [+ subj.]: •£ go dihere mala hakim,
ji bona qiza wi bixwaze (L) Whoever goes to
the king’s house in order to ask for his daughter; -ji
bona xatire = [with neg.] lest *Ji bona xatire
go tu li gole nemini (L) So that you don’t [have
to] stay in the desert, or, Lest you stay in the desert.
{also: [ji] bo II; ji bona) I syn: seba) according to
BX < ji buyina = 'from the existence of
[BX/K/JB3/B] <seba> See also bo II.
boqil Jjfc Q. calf of the leg (IFb/HH/RZ); leg (HB/A).
{also: buqil (HB- 2 ); <buqil> (HH)) {syn: belek
II; gim I; paq) [HB/A/IFb/RZ//HH] <ling>
bor I j^> adj. 1 ) {syn: boz; cun I; gewr [1]; kew II)
gray/grey; color between brown and white (IF); 2)
[m.{ {syn: bergir; hesp; nijda) horse (F/K); saddle-
horse; fast-horse, racer (EP-7): «Min boreki
xwe§-xwe§ dibe (FT, p. 151) I need a very fine
saddle-horse; 3) name of Mem's horse in many
versions of the story of Mem u Zin (Meme Alan).
[Z-1/EP-7/F/K/IF]
bor II j$j (Bw/JJ/GF/TF) = crossing, ford. See bihur.
bor III jJj f. (-a; ). uncultivated land [=’erda neajoti].
{also: bur (Kmc-8-2)} <Arc bor “112 = ’uncultivated’
& Syr Vb-w-r = 'to lie uncultivated, waste,
neglected'; NENA burS = 'uncultivated ground'
(Maclean) [Qzl/Kmc-8/IFb/GF] <beyar; kat II;
k'irebe>
borandin (K) = to cause to pass. See
buhurandin.
borin I (jjjjp vi. (-bor-). 1 ) to low, moo
(K/B/A/IF/JJ); to howl, bellow (K/B); 2) to sound
(vi.) , blast (trumpet) (K/B). {also: burrin (IF);
[borin] (JJ)} [K/B/A/IFb/M/JJ] See also barin
II.
borin II qjjP (-bor-) (JB3) = to pass. See bihurtin.
bormotik = ?cradle; ?child. See bormotk.
bormotk J f. (-a; ). 1 ) {syn: be§ik; dergu§;
landik) ?cradle, crib (EP-7) «Bra bi§ewite
bormotka zerine (EP-7) Let the golden cradle
burn; 2 ) ?child, infant (EP-7). {also: bormotik}
[EP-7]
borxan»e .jy> f. ( ;•§). stable (for horses) . {syn:
naxir; stewl; Lewie) [EP-7] <afir; axil; axur;
extexane>
borxi ^ (OK) = screw. See burxi.
• •
bos«e f. ( ;•§). ambush: -bose danan
(SK/Zeb)/ ~ [li ber] vedan (Zeb) to lay an
ambush. <T pusu = ’ambush’: Sor buse ***&>
[Zeb/IFb/SK/OK]
bost f. ( ;-§). span (unit of measure) , the
distance from the end of the thumb to the end of
the little finger of a spread hand (F/K/A/IF/JJ):
• Zin§ bihist ku Mem£ hatiye, ew
buhusteke ji 'erde bilind bu (FK-eb-1) When
Zin heard that Mem had come, she rose a span off
the ground, {also: bihost (K- 2 /IFb/OK); bihust
(K/B); bist II (SK); bist II (F); buhust (FK-eb-l/GF-2);
[bost /buhust ow^] (JJ)) Cf. Skr vitasti- m.; Av
vltasti- f. ; Baluchi gidisp (Gersh §470, p. 70);
Pashto wlest (Morg); Ormuri jusp/Jbasp/zbast;
Parachi bellst (Morg); P bedast & vajab =
'a span’; Sor bost [cf. Ar sibr_^, T kari§] For
Av vltasti- see W. Henning. “An Astronomical
Chapter of Bundahishn,” Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society , (1942), p. 236.
[A/JJ/GF/OK//F//K/B//IFb//SK//FK-eb-l] <qulag>
bostan m. (; bosten/bostin) (K/IFb/B/OK) =
garden. See bistan.
bo§ I adj. 1 ) {syn: betal; vala) empty, vacant; 2 )
{syn: befeyde; beker) null and void, in vain, of no
use: •Meyane divine bo§e (Ba3-3, # 8 ) Meyaneh
sees that it is of no use •Zine dina xwe dae,
k’ilam bo§in (EP-7) Z. saw that singing would be
to no avail; 3) weak (B). {also: [bosc] ^j (JJ)} < T
bo§ {bo§ahi I; bo§ayi)
[Z-1/K/A/JB3/IF/B//JJ]
78
bo§ II Jp adj. numerous, plentiful, abundant (of
water, or number), {also: [boch] jiy (JJ); <bo§>
(HH)} (bo§ahi II} [Z-l/K/A/JB3/IF/HH/JJ/Zeb]
<mi§e>
bo§ III Jp j m. (-e; ). string, file, row, train {of
camels) : -bo§e deva (DM) A file of camels, {syn;
qent’er) [DM/L/K] <deve; hestir; lok’>
bo§ahi I f (). 1 ) emptiness; 2) uselessness,
pointlessness, being in vain, {also: bo§ayi (IF))
[K//IF] <bo§ I>
bo§ahi II ^ptlzp f. (). abundance, plenty. [K/IF] <bo§
II>
bo§ayi ^jpp (IF) = emptiness; uselessness. See bo§ahi
♦♦
I.
bo§e *Jp> m. (). Gypsy: -meriye bo§e (F) do. {syn:
a§iq (IF); dome (Wn); lull (F); mirt’ib (K/IF/JJ);
qeregi (IF/A)) Cf. W Arm posa[y] pn^uij (bo§eti;
bo§eyi) [K/F/B]
bo§eti y^p f (). 1) Gypsy lifestyle; 2) nomadism,
nomadic lifestyle, {also: bo§evi (B-2/K-2)) [K/B]
<bo§e>
bo§eyi ^^p (B/K) = Gypsy or nomadic lifestyle. See
bo§eti.
bot oJj f 0 .1) 1 syn: §ikev) hollowed-out log, used as a
trough (HB); 2) boat made out of a log (IF), [also:
bod; [botek] Jjy (JJ); <bot> (HH))
[HB/IFb//HH//JJ]
botaf (TF) = reddish-brown dye for cattle hides.
See batov.
Botan ^bp (Haz) = Bohtan (geog.) . See Bohtan.
botav ^jbp (Btm/A/IFb) = reddish-brown dye for cattle
hides. See batov.
*botir pp f (-a; ). bottle, flask, (syn: §u§e [2]) [F]
Boti (Haz) = native of Bo[h]tan. See Bohti.
boxge ^pp, m. (K) = cloth for wrapping bundles. See
buxgik.
boxe A±p (JB3/IF) = bull. See box.
box gp m. (-§; ). bull, ox; fertile bull, uncastrated
bull (B); young, uncastrated bull (HH). {also: boxe
(JB3/IF); boxe (; boxe) (K/B); [boga] (JJ);
<boxe> (HH)) {syn: ga) Cf. T boga
[J//K/B/HH//JB3/IF//JJ] <ga>
boxge oc^, m. (; boxge) (B) = cloth for wrapping
bundles. See buxgik.
boxe <*sp (; boxe) (K/B) = bull. See box.
boya Ljp (JJ/GF) = paint, see boyax.
boyax f. (-a;-e). 1) paint; dye: «Ew cesareta
ku tu rabi pore xwe boyax biki d bi we
boyaxa re§ a ku pi§ti demek§ wd disa bibe
binsipi, bigi nav hevalan (LC, p. 6 ) The
courage to dye one's hair, and then to go out in
public [lit., 'go among friends’] with that black dye
that will become white at the roots again after a
while; 2) shoe polish: -boyax kirin (K/IF) = a) to
paint, dye; b) to shine, polish (shoes), {also: boya
(GF); boyax (B/HB-2); [boia] iy (JJJl Cf. T boya;
Sor boyax = shoe polish'
[HB/K/IFb/TF/OK//B//JJ/GF] csibxe; ximdar>
boyax ^l>p (B/HB) = paint, see boyax.
boz jp adj. 1 ) {syn: bor I[l]; cun I; gewr [1]; kew II)
grev/grav; 2 ) horse or donkey with gray coat (B).
{also: [boz] (JJ) } Cf. T boz; Sor boz j p
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
bra I (JB3/IF) = brother. See bira I.
bra II(EP-7) = so that, in order that. See bila.
bra III 1 jj (Msr) = true; right. See bira III.
brang JjI y (EP) = brother. See bira I.
bra§tin (-bre§-) (IFb/GF) = to roast. See
bira§tin.
brati (JB3) = brotherhood. See birati.
brati II c j\y (Msr) = truth. See birati II.
••
braza ) (Bw/JJ) = nephew or niece. See brazi.
brazi m.&f. (-ye/-ya; ). nephew or niece
pp
(child of one's brother) : *Li §era xai il xwarzi;
li xwarina, mam ft brazi (BX) For battles,
maternal uncle and nephew; for food, paternal
uncle and nephew [prv. illustrating familial
relationships], [also: biraz, m. ( ; birez) (B); biraza
(K); birazi (A/IF-2): braza (Bw); [bra-za (JJ-G)/berSL-zi
(JJ-Lx)/braza (JJ-Rh)]; <birazi> ^jl ju(HH)i [syn: egan
(Ad); Borin, m. [ 2 ]) Sor biraza )j\y = 'brother’s
child, nephew, niece'
[BX/JB3/IF//K//Bw/JJ//A/HH//B] <ap; mam; t’iza;
xwarzi>
brin I (-bir-) (JB3) = to cut. See birin II.
brin II (JB3) = wound. See birin I.
brindar (JB3) = wounded. See birindar.
brrin (IF) = to cut. See birin II.
bru^^ = eyebrow. See birh.
brusk (JB3/IF/Wn) = lightning. See birtisk.
buha bfcjj (A/HH) = price; expensive. See biha.
buhar jl&y (HH/L-I/Wlt) = spring. See bihar.
buhartin qJ j\jty (-bihur-) (IF) = to pass. See bihurtin.
79
buhi§t (BX) = paradise. See bihu§t.
buhujin vi. (-buhuj-) (M/SK/Dh) = to melt,
dissolve (vi.) . See biho§tin.
buhujtin (GF) = to melt, dissolve. See
biho§tin.
buhur (GF/JJ) = passage, crossing, ford. See
bihur.
buhurandin (BK/IF) = to cause to pass. See
bihurandin.
buhust o(FK-eb-l/GF/JJ) = span (unit of measure).
See Dost.
buhu§t (GF) = paradise. See bihu§t.
buhu§tin vi. (-buhuj-) (M) = to melt, dissolve
(vi.) . See biho§tin.
buqil (HB) = leg. See boqil.
burc^j^j (JB3) = tower; zodiac sign. See birc.
buri = eyebrow. See birti.
burrin (juj# (IF) = to low, moo. See borin I.
buru j (Azer) = eyebrow. See biru.
burxe (A) = screw. See burxi.
burxi (IFb/RZ) = screw. See burxi.
burxe ^ (F/K/B) = screw. See burxi.
burxi (Jsjy, f. (-ya; ). 1) screw; 2) drill, gimlet (K/B).
[also: borxi (OK); burxe (A); burxi (IFb/RZ); burxe
(F/K/B)) <T burgu ='screw' —> Ar buryl Sor
burxi ~ ’screw’ (K2)
[Bw/GF//OK//A//IFb/RZ//F/K/B] <bizmar;
dernefis; mikare>
bu§qul (IF) = goat manure. See bi§kul &
pi§kul.
buxgik f. (). square cloth for wrapping a
bundle, [also: boxge, m. (K); boxge, m. (; boxge)
(B); [bokcia] (JJ)} Cf. T bohga; Sor buxge
= ’parcel’ [HB/A//K//JJ] <sifre>
btik I f (-a;-§). 1) bride: •Bflk li zave piroz
be (AB) May the bride be blessed to the groom
[marriage greeting]; 2) young woman marrying
into the family (sister-in-law/daughter-in-law)
(IF/JB3/JJ); [by extension] young woman;
•Divinin bukek we xwera razaye (Dz) They
see that the young woman was sleeping peacefully
•Eva bflka, jina wi xortiye (Dz) This young
woman is that young man’s wife •Dinherin we
btikeke cahil §uxul§ xwe xilas kirye (Dz)
They see a young girl has finished her work *Ew
bfika Qeret’ajdine, / Be§k’ertima C’ekine
(EP) She is the sister-in-law to-be [lit. ’bride'] of Q.,
betrothed to £ekan from birth; 3) doll (K): -bfika
zaroka (A) do. [also: [bouk] (JJ); <buk> ^
(HH)) [Pok. 2. ued(h)- 1115.] 'to lead; to lead
home, marry (said of the man)’ : Proto Indo-Ir
Vvadh = 'to lead (the bride)'; Skt vadhu f =
'bride'; 0 Ir *wadfi-ka (A&L pp. 84-85 [V, 4]); Av
vaSu- = 'wife' & vadamna = 'she who is led, i.e.,
bride'; Sgd wSw/wS; Mid P bayok (A&L pp. 84-85
[V, 4]) + wayodagan = 'nuptials, marriage feast'
(M3) (M. Schwartz: with plural of institutions, cf.
mihragan Southern Tati dialects: Xoznini
vaya (Yar-Shater); Shughni group: Yazghulami
wad-:west- = 'to marry a woman' (Morg2); P
bayo[g] Sor buk Za vev/veyv = 'bride'
(Srk) & veyve-m. = 'wedding' (Todd); Hau weywe f.
(M4)/wawa/wawI; Luri bahl(g)/bihlg; cf. OCS vedii.
vesti & Rus Vved- vesti BecTH = 'to lead'. See: M.
Schwartz. “Proto-Indo-European Vgem”
Monumentum H.S. Nyberg, Acta Iranica, Series 2:
Hommages et Opera Minora, 5 (Leiden : E.J. Brill,
1975), vol. 2, p. 195 ff. [cf. range of meanings of
Ar ‘arus = 'bride; doll’]
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF] cberbu;
be§k’ertim; dergisti; de’wat; di§; zava; zeyi>
buk II (K/A/IFb/B) = sty (in the eyelid). See
bhkik.
buka mara (GF) = lizard. See btikmar.
bukemar (IFb) = lizard. See bukmar.
bUkik J f. ( ;-§). sty (in the eyelid), [also: buk II
(K/A/IFb-2/B); <bukik> (HH)} =Sor pizduk
4^ [Frq/IFb/HH/GF/TF//K/A/B]
bukmar jUS^j f. ( ). type of lizard, [also: buka mara
(GF); bukemar (IFb)} [Zeb/OK//GF//IFb]
bum m. (-e; ). owl, zool. order Strigiformes :
-bfime kor (K) eagle owl. [also: [bourn] ^ (JJ)}
[syn: kund} Cf. Ar/P bum ^ [F/K/IF/B/JJ]
bun vi. 1) [pres. -im/-[a]me;-i;-e; pi. -in/
-[a]ne [1st prs. pi. -in/-[a]yne (M/Bw/Zeb/Dh)])
to be: -dibe = perhaps, maybe: •Dibe ku te
t’emi dane Usib (Ba) Perhaps you taught Joseph;
2) [pres. -b-/-v-) [syn: lehatin[l]) to become, get:
•(^el kevok hatin ti. libse xwe danin, bfin
gel xorte minasib (L) 40 doves came and
removed their garb, they became 40 attractive
young men *Qizik ze’f belengaz dibe (J) The
girl becomes very upset/unhappy; 3) to be proper,
be appropriate, be allowed: *Li p§§ mezineki
xwe nabe ku em titune bike§in (Epl, p.23) In
front of an elder it is not all right for us to smoke
tobacco, {also: bin II (Ur/M-Zx); bon (M/SK); buyin
(K/IFb-2/B-2); win (Acl-2); [boun ^/bouin
(JJ); <bun Q 3 J (dibe) (HH)| fPok. bheu- 146.]
--> *bheuH- = 'to be, exist, grow’: Skt Vbhu
[bhavati]; O Ir *bu- (Tsb 37): Av & O P bav- (pres,
bava-); P budan Sot bun Za bena
[byayi§] (Todd/Srk); Hau biey (b-) vi. (M4)
[K//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF//M/SK//Ur/M-Zx]
<hebun>
*buqelem‘Qn ni. (-e; ). turkey (fowl) .
I syn: kurkur; miri§ka hindistane (B); §ami (AB)] <P
buqalamun = 'turkey, chameleon’ [F]
' bur jj 3 _j (Kmc-8) = uncultivated land. See bor III.
bura \jj&j, m. (; bure) (K/IFb/B/GF) = brother-in-law.
See bilri.
bure a (Haz) = brother-in-law. See buri.
buri in. (). brother-in-law [pi. brothers-in-law], (a
married man's) wife's brother: *Ez ft bure e xwe
§iyarin (Haz) My brother-in-law and I are riding
[on horseback] [=T kayingo] {also: biya (Hk); bura,
m. (; bure) (K/IFb/B/GF); bure (Haz); [boura] b^(JJ)l
{syn: birajin: xizm [3]]
[Ag//Haz//K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//Hk] <t’i II>
burin (A/Ber) = to pass. See bihurtin.
burusk (Azer) = lightning. See birftsk.
bftsat m./f.(B) ( ; /-§). 1) dress, attire, apparel
(B): •k’inc ft bftsat (LC) dress and apparel; 2)
{syn: hevsar) (horse's) harness (K/IF/B); 3) saddle,
bridle, and other accessories for saddling a horse
(JJ); 4) pole attached to yoke (HH). {also: buse (IF);
buset (B-2); [pousat] c^L^j (JJ); <bftse> (HH)] Cf.
T pusat = 'armor, equipment' [Z-2/EP-7/K/B//
IF/HH//JJ] <cil; g’ek; dizgin; hesp; zin>
buse (IF/HH) = 1) dress, attire; 2) harness; 3) pole
attached to yoke. See busat.
buset (B) = 1) dress, attire; 2) harness. See
bftsat.
bustin j (GF) = to melt, dissolve. See biho§tin.
bftyer f. (-a;-3). event, occurrence; incident:
•Li pey agahiyan, buyer roja 4 Gulan§
dane 6vare p§k hatiye (AW7lA4a) According
to reports, the incident took place on the 4th of
May in the evening hours •... Mem@ Alan, Xec
ft Siyamend, Koroxlt, Topa Sultane Islame
ft hwd; ko heryek§ ji bftyerek§ an ji
xeyala keseki peyda bftye (SB, p.50) [Stories
like] Meme Alan, Khej and Siyamend, Koroglu,
Topa Sultane Islame, etc., each of which was
created from an event [i.e., is a true story] or from
someone's imagination.
[(neol)Ber/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
buyin (K/IFb/B) = to be; to become. See bftn.
81
c
0
ca G. interj. well! come on! (in cheering or urging s.o.
on) : •KuTo, ca herin binh^rin k’a gira
Mem§ !ro dereng! k’et? (EP) Son, go [pL] see
why M. is late today. [EP/K/A/B] <de>
cab ^.G- f- 1) ( syn: bersiv I) answer (HH);
-cihab dan = to answer: »Xwede ez §andime
bal te, ku ez caba pirsed te bidim (Dz) God
has sent me to you to answer your questions; 2)
(syn: deng u bas; nuge (neol.); xeberl news (K/JJ):
•Wana cab gihandine diwana Al-p’a§a (Z-l)
They brought the news to the court of A.p.
•Cewab gti cem hakim (L) The news reached
the king; -cabe dan = to report: *Cave didin
bazirganba§i (Ba) They report to the head of the
caravan, [also: cahab (EP-7); cav (K); cewab (L/IFb-
2/JB1-S/SK/OK-2); cihab (F); cuhab (GF-2); cuab
(Z-2); [djab <_>U/djevab v V^] (JJ); <cuwab>
(HH)} Cf. P javab ul^, T cevap < Ar jawab =
'answer' [Ba/K//F//JBl-S/SK//B/JJ/IFb/GF/OK//HH]
cabdar jIjuG- adj. 1) [syn: berpirsiyar) responsible; 2)
[m. Q.] defendant, respondent (in a court trial).
[also: cavdar (B-2); cihabdar (F)} icabdari; cabdarti;
cavdar[t]i; cihabdari) [K2-Ferik/K/B/GF//F]
cabdari f. ( ;~ye). responsibility: *Cabdari
w m
dik’eve ser te (B) The responsibility falls on
you. [also: cabdarti (B-2); cavdar[t]i (B-2); cihabdari
(F)} (syn: berpirsiyari) [K/B//F] <cabdar>
cabdarti juG. (B) - responsibility. See cabdari.
cacim f. ( ;-e). l) [syn: ber IV; cil II; gelt; k’ilim;
mer§; mezer [3]; p’alas; tejik [1]} jajim, a type of
kilim, (large) flat-weave pileless carpet; type of
striped carpet made of coarse wool (B); 2) thin
covering spread over blanket (HH). [also: carcim
(K/B); <carcim> (HH)} Cf. P jajim ~o.G., T
cicim [A/IFb/GF//K/B/TF//HH]
cahab v l aG» (EP-7) = answer; news. See cab.
cahil JaU adj. 1) [also: cahel (SK); cifiel (Bw)| (syn:
ciwan; na§i; xort) young; immature (K/F/IF): *Eze
dar£ cahil ji bibirim, ye pir ji (Dz) I will cut
down both young trees and old ones •Dinherin
w§ bfikeke cahil §uxul£ xwe xilas kirye
(Dz) They watch a young girl finish her work; 2)
[syn: na§i; nestel; nezan; xam) inexperienced,
naive, 'greenhorn' (K/F/IFb/JBl-A); 3) [also: cahil
(OK)} [syn: nexwendi} illiterate, ignorant, unlettered
(IFb): •[Melayek ti du nefer mirofed cahil
82
€
nexwendi her se buyine olda§ed yekudu]
(JR) A mullah and two unlettered men were
traveling companions, [also: cahil (OK); cehel (IFb-
2/GF); cihel (JBl-A/OK); [djahil] JjfcU. (JJ)} < Ar
jahil JjfcG. = 'ignorant'; Sor cahel Jl^G/cehei
Y
= 'young, youthful’ & cahil J =
'ignorant' (cahili; cahilti)
[F/Dz/Ba2/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK//JBl-A//GF//Bw]
cahili C5 Lt>G. f. (-[y]a;-ye). 1) immaturity,
inexperience; 2) youth (time of life) : »Sixir he
cahiltia minda soz dabti (Ba3) In my youth
Sikhir had already made a promise to me; 3)
ignorance (OK), (also; cahilti (K-2/B-2/Ba3); cahili
(OK)} [K/B//Ba3//OK]
cahilti (K/B/Ba3) = immaturity, inexperience.
• •
See cahili.
cahil 0 LaG. (OK) = ignorant. See cahil[3].
cabili ^^GaG. (OK) = ignorance. See cahili.
cahtrik (Btl) = thyme. See cat’iri.
cahel J2GG. (SK) = young. See cahilfl].
camerdi ^ (K) = generosity; bravery. See
earner!.
earner ^L*G. adj. 1) generous, kind-hearted; courteous
(JB3); valorous; 2) [syn: aza I; delir; zix I[2]} brave;
3) [m. /"gentleman; courageous man (JB3). [also:
ciwa(n)mer; comerd; cuwanmer; <camer
j^K/cuwamer ^l^/ciimerd (HH)} Cf. T
comert {camerdi; cameri} [K/A/JB3/IF/HH] See also
ciwamer.
cameri f. ( ;-ye). 1) generosity: -bi cam£ri
« •
= a) generous, noble; b) well-mannered; c) valiant,
valorous; 2) valor; 3) [syn: curet) bravery, courage,
(also: camerdi (K-2); camerti (B-2); [djuvanmiri]
(JJ)} [K/JB3/B//JJ]
camerti ^ ^G»G- (B) = generosity; bravery. See cameri.
• •
camus ^r^G- (IF) = buffalo. See game§.
can I qG m. (-e; cen, vi cani). l) soul, spirit: »Ha
cane, lawo! (J) What, my dear son?; -can kirin
(Z-l) to refresh, freshen up: •Xulama av anin,
weki Meme dest u Tuye xwe can ke (Z-l)
The servants brought water so that Mem could
freshen up his hands and face; 2) body, [also: [djan]
jG. (JJ); <can> jG (HH)} Cf. P jan jG, T can; Sor
giyan jLf; Za gan m. (Todd); Hau gian m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH]
can II qG- (Bw) = beautiful; young. See ciwan.
canderme <^jojjG- (Ak) = gendarme. See cendirme.
canemerg .^fj^<uG. f (). l) person who dies young,
one who dies in the prime of youth: •Sedeme we
ji, gima ku em li canemergen xwe xwedi
derketin u me xwest em wan bi §anazi
bi serbilindi bi gor bikin (Wit 2:59, p.13) The
reason for it [=the reprisal] was that we took care of
our dead young ones, and that we wanted to bury
them with dignity; 2) {also: canemerg (IFb);
[djanemerk] J^G. (JJ)} crocus (JJ/OK); *saffron
(IFb). Sor cuwanemerg = having died young'
[Wlt/K(s)/JJ/GF/OK//IFb] <[1] bemiraz; [2] pivok>
canemerg (IFb) = crocus; saffron. See
canemerg[2].
canewar jJ^G. m. (-e; canewer, vi canewari).
wild animal, beast, creature: •Rojeke, di nava
xortan da bC §ore cenawere behre H
ecebane (L) One day, the young men began to
speak of the beast of the sea and other marvels.
{also: canewer (SK/IF); cenawer (L); cenawir (IF-2);
cenewar; cinawir (A); [djanever] (JJ);
<cinawir>(HH)j {syn: dirende; tabe; terawil)
Cf. P janevar^yG—> T canavar; Sor canewer joyuG
= ‘noxious animal or insect'
[L//K/B//SK/IF/JJ//A/HH] <Keywan>
canewer j<^<uG (SK/IF/J)) = beast. See canewar.
cang JjG m. (-§; ). rough, low-quality cloth:
•Cange me buye ris (Zeb) We have failed to
progress [lit. 'our cloth has become unspun wool',
i.e., has gone backward in development]
[proverbial saying]', -cang u col (SK) cloth:
•Hatime ere bo ti§t firotine. Bare min ew
e, hemi libas e, cang ft col e. Were, bikire
(SK 16:158) I’ve come here to sell things. That is
my load, all clothes and cloth. Come and buy.
( also: [giank] ebG (JJ-G); <cang> JjG (Hej))
[Zeb/IFb/SK/OK//JJ-G] <caw; gox>
cani ^G f. (-ya; -y§). colt, foal, {also: canu; ce’ni
(B); ce’nu (B-2); ciwani II; coni II (A-2); cuheni (L);
[djanouyG/djahnou _*aaG /djahni G /
djehni Cjr ^] (JJ); <cani ^G/ce’ni ^/cuwani
(J^> (HH)) {syn: k’urik [2]) Sor cuwamiyAy>.
[AB/K/A/HH//B/JJ] <berzin I; hesp; nuzin>
cantri ^yuG (Rwn) = thyme. See cat’iri.
cantrik Gj.yuG (Wn) = thyme. See cat’iri.
canujyG = colt. See cani.
car jG. f. (-a;-£). time [Fr. fois, Ger. Mai, Rus pa3
raz]: -[ji] carcaran = from time to time, some¬
times; -cardi[n] (L) = once again; -careke = once;
suddenly: *bi careke [ve] = absolutely, com¬
pletely, totally [tout a fait]: *L§ zivistanS, / wex-
ta berf dik’et, mal bi carekeva bin berfeda
unda dibtin (Ba2-3, pp.213-214) But in winter,
when it would snow, the houses would completely
disappear under the snow; -car[i]na = sometimes,
at times; -hercar = every time; all the time, con¬
stantly; -i[n]car/ija (L) = this time; -t’ucar[a] =
never | syn : tu gax; tu wext|. {also: [djar] jG (JJ)}
Isyn: neqil [2]). Cf. Mid P jar; Sor car jG
[K/A/JB3/B/JJ]
carcim ^jG- (K/B/TF) = type of carpet. See cacim.
cardi jjG (L) = again. See cardin.
cardin q^G adv. 1) {syn: disa) again, once more; 2)
another time (B). {also: cardi (L); careke din[e] (B);
[djareki dini] ^ jJCG (JJ)) [K/A/IFb//B//JJ]
car! ^jG. f. (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: qerwa§; xadim [l]}
m m
maidservant, handmaid; 2) female slave, {also:
[djari ^G /djariie yjG] (JJ) ) < Ar jariyah *jjG
[Z-l/EP/K/B/JJ] <xizmetk’ar>
carud (Kmc) metal shovel. See carut.
carut o^jG- /. ( ;-e). metal shovel with short handle
for cleaning out an oven or a fireplace, {also: carud
(Kmc-2)) [Xrp/Qzl/IFb/Kmc-#1953] <ber; mer II>
catik G>G (Elk) = thyme. See cat’iri.
catir y>G (AA/Bw) = thyme. See cat’iri.
cat’iri ^yG f. (-ya;-ye). marjoram: fragrant and
••
aromatic mints (Origanum & Majorana) used in
cookery (Ba2); as a condiment to meat dishes (B) ;
sweet marjoram (JJ); thyme (HH/Haz); "Kurdish
tea" (type of grass with fine leaves, used as tea
substitute) (K). {also: cahtrik (Btl); cantri (Rwn);
cantrik (Wn); catik (Elk); catir (AA/Bw); cehtiri
(Ml); ce’Firi (B); [djatiri] ^'G (JJ); <gater>yG
(HH))} Cf. Ar za‘tar /sa'tar ='thyme’;
Arm zat‘rin q,uip*p|>\. = ’oregano’; Sor catre oyG
= 'marjoram, thyme’
[Bn2/K/JJ/I Inz//B//Ml//Bll//Wn//Rwn//AA/Bw//Elk//HHj
cav JG (K) = answer; news. See cab.
cavdar JasG (B) = responsible. See cabdar.
cavdari ^IasG (B) = responsibility. See cabdari.
cavdarti ji'G (B) = responsibility. See cabdari.
• •
caWjG. m. (-e; ). cloth; cotton (print) (K); calico
(print) (B); linen; canvas: hand-sewn cloth (A):
cotton fabric (JB3); white cotton fabric (HH):
•Cawd maid pir zexm e (AB) Homemade cloth
is very sturdy, {also: [djaou] 3 G (JJ); <caw> 3 G
83
c
(HH)) Cf. Sor caw 3 U- = 'home-spun cotton textile 1
[AB/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH] <cang; gox>
cawbir f.(K/JB3)/m. ()• scissors, {syn: meqes) <
caw = 'cloth' + bir- = 'to cut' [BX/K/JB3] <hevring>
cawi (IFb) = sister-in-law. See cayi.
cax^-U. (TF) = railing; skewer. See cax.
cax m. (-e; ). 1) railing, balustrade; banister;
grill: *Ew e ... ji refikek jora cax§n nivinan
sandoqeke pigtik daxine xware (Lab, 76) He
will take down a small hox from a shelf above the
bed railings; 2) { syn : bist I; §i§) skewer; 3) {syn: pij
I) knitting needle (Ag); 4) metal poles in a fence
(Hek). {also: cax (TF); [djag ^U/tchag^-G-] (JJ)}
[Ag/Hk/K/JJ/GF//TF/Lab] < [1]defabe>
cay! cjA* f - (-ya: )• sister-in-law (the relationship of
—
the wives of two brothers, i.e., a woman's
husband's brother's wife is her 1 cayt ) jcf. T elti).
{also: cawi (IFb); coy (Kg)) {svn: hewerjin (K[s]);
jinbir; jint’i II) [Pok. ienater- 505-6.1 'husband's
brother's wife’: Skt yatri (yitar-); O Ir ya0r <*yata;
Pashto yor; Sanglechi yu8;*P jarl ^G/yarl
yerl Za ceri (Siverek); Cf. also Gr enater
evcxiT)p; Lat. janitrices (pi.); S-Cr jetrva
[Krg/Ad/Ur//IFb//Kg] <bacinax; baltuz; di§;
jinbira>
cebal JL^ (Zeb) = bone doctor. See cebar II.
cebar I m. Q. 1) {also: cebbar[e felek] (K)) the
Almighty, one of God/Allah's epithets (Islamic)
(HH); 2) giant (JJ). {also: [djebar] jL. (JJ); <cebar>
jU (HH)) < Ar al-jabbar jUJ) [EP/K/A/JJ/HH]
cebar II m. (). bonesetter, osteopath, bone
doctor: “The native healers have different
reputations, types of training and areas of
specialization. ... A second type is the ‘osteopath’
(gikikgi in Turkish and cebar in Kurdish) who deals
with broken or dislocated bones. ... The
‘osteopath’ is someone usually trained by a similar
type of ‘expert’ [i.e., one for whom the knowledge
is passed on usually among first kin, mother to son
or daughter, father to son or daughter, but it could
also be transmitted from an expert to a novice, if
there is a special relationship between them], or by
some religious healer who also practices
osteopathy. On the whole, there were a few
successful or widely accepted and acknowledged
osteopaths, but more people who were incorrectly
treated by them and left either lame or with some
sort of disability. Nevertheless, the osteopaths are
more frequently referred to than doctors in the
health centres for example, as it is generally
believed that formally trained medical personnel
know nothing about broken or dislocated bones.”
[from: Lale Yalgm-Heckmann. Tribe and Kinship
among the Kurds (Frankfurt a.M. et al. : Peter Lang,
1991), p. 85]. {also: cebal (Zeb); [djebar] (JJ);
<cebar> jUa. (HH)) < Ar jabbar jL^ [also jabir ^>L]
= ’bonesetter' < Vj-b-r = 'to set (broken bones)'
(cebari) For a story which involves a cebar
(although not called by that name), see the second
text from Karboran in HR (pp. 8-15, esp. #23-26;
#30-52) [Yalgin-
Heckmann/Bw/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF//Zeb]
cebari f. (). profession of bonesetter,
osteopath, bone doctor. [K/TF] ccebar II>
cebbar jLoa^. (K)/cebbare felek (K) = the
m ft
Almighty, God. See cebar I.
cebexane (SK/GF) = arsenal; ammunition. See
cebirxane.
cebhe (IFb) = front line. See cephe.
cebilxane (IF/SK/GF) = arsenal; ammunition.
See cebirxane.
cebirxan*e /. (•a;«e). 1) arsenal, artillery
depot; 2) ammunition, weapons: •Here male
meda cebirxane heye, hilde, t’edbira
xulama bibine (FK-kk-1) In our house (or,
Among our possessions) there is ammunition, get
it, [and] arm the servants, {also: cebexane (SK-
2/GF-2); cebilxane (IF/SK/GF); [djibkhane
^L^3./jabal-xana (JJ-PS)] (JJ); <cebilxane>
(HH)) <P jabexane = ‘arsenal 1 --> Ar
jab(a)xanah «*jL^ 3. & T cephane; Sor cibexane
= 'ammunition' [FK-kk-
1/F/K/B//IF/HH/SK/GF//JJ] <g’ek [3]; sileh I>
cedew f. (-a; ). gall, abscess, boil, ulcer, skin
sore on the back of horses and donkeys, [also:
[djideou] 3 Jo- (JJ); <cedew> jjo- (HH)) Sor cidew
[Elk/A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ]
cedewi adj. (). galled, afflicted with skin sores
• *
on its back (of horses and donkeys): -cedewi bdn
(Elk) to be afflicted with skin ulcers on the back:
•Pi§ta kere me cedewi buye (GF) Our
donkey's back is afflicted with cedew. {also:
<cedewi> (HH)) [Elk/IFb/HH]
• •
cefa U m. ( ;-e/cefe). 1) toiling, effort, exertion;
trouble, pains: «Bi cefaki mezin ew qayil
bfin ji nava kevira derk’evin (Ba2:2, p.206)
84
With a great deal of coaxing [lit. ’effort'] they
(finally) agreed to come out from among the rocks;
-cefa k 5 i§andin (K/B): a) to exert effort; b) to be
troubled, worried, concerned; 2 ) {syn: k’eder;
k’erb; k’eser; kovan; kul I; §ayi§; xem; xiyal)
anxiety, worry, care, concern: -cefa dan[e]
(K)/~dayin (B) to trouble, disturb, cause anguish:
•Min gelek cefa daye P’erinaze (EH) I have
caused Perinaz much grief; 3) torment, pain, {also:
[djafa] (JJ-Rh); <cefa> (HH)| < Ar jafa’ ebb- =
’harshness’ [EH/K/IFb/B/JJ-Rh/HH/OK] <cezaret>
ceger f./m.(EP-7) (-a/-e;-e/). 1) ( 51 m: kezeb[a
re§]; melak; pi§a fe§/pu§) liver (anat.) ; “[It is] a
common Islamic belief that the liver is the seat of
courage and vitality” [tr. from: Basilo Nikitine.
"Essai de classification de folklore a l’aide dun
inventaire social-economique," in: X'Vie Congres
international d'anthropologie et d'archeologie
prehistorique : Vie assewblee generale de l'lnstitut
international d'anthropologie. Bruxelles, 1-8
septembre 1935 (Bruxelles : [Imprimerie medicale
et scientifique), 1936). v. 2, p. 1004]: -cegera fe§
(IF) liver [cf. T karaciger]; -cegera spi (IF) lung
[cf. T akciger] {svn: kezeb: melak); pi§a spi; sill I;
=Sor sepelak); 2 ) heart (K). {also: cerg; [djigherl
J&. (JJ); <ceger> (HH)) [Pok. iek l - l -rt 504.] liver’:
Skt yakrt [gen, yaknas)n. ; Av yakar- n. (prob. for
*yakar-); P jegar jL- --> T ciger: Sor cerg
.dfj^/ciger Hau yeher in. (M4/M2, p.73): cf.
Lat iecur 11 Gr hepar fjrrcxp [gen. hepatosTjnocxog)
n Arm leard (W: leart) i_tw.pi> •
[J/F/K/A/IF/B/HH//JJ] See also cerg.
Cegerxun See Cegerxwin.
Cegerxwin m. (). 1) [also: Cegerxun)
Man’s name (K); 2) nickname of Kurdish tribe (A);
3) "Cegerxwin is the pseudonym of [S]heikh Mouss
Hassan, born in 1903 in Djezireh, in Northern
Syria. He is the greatest living poet of the
Kurmandji Kurds fas of 1968; died in 1984]." (IB 2 ,
p. 1). < ceger = ’liver 1 + xwin = ’blood’ [JB 2 /K/A]
ceh A-Jisw m. (-e; ceh, vi cehi). barley: *Ceh zer
bfin (AB) The barley has turned yellow *Di
destpeke de min ew bi ceh u kaye xwedi
dikir ...ve dawiy§ min cehe xurru didaye
(HYma, 11 ) At first I fed him barley and straw ...
recently I have been giving him pure barley; -ava
ceh = beer [lit. ’barley water’; Cf. P abejo^^A & W
Arm karejur q.iupt£m.p k [also: cehi (JB1-S); [djeh
W djeou (JJ); <ceh> < 0 . (HH)) [Pok. ieuo- 512.]
’grain': Av. yawa- m.; Southern Tati dialects:
Ebrahim-abadi yew (Yar-Shater); P jo^; Sor co
Za cew m. (Todd); Hau yewe f. (M4). For the •
-h in ceh, cf. P siyah oL~ = ’black’ < *syawa-. See:
M2, p.73; M. Schwartz. “The Old Eastern Iranian
World View according to the Avesta,” in: The
Cambridge History of Iran (Cambridge, Eng. :
Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985), v. 2, pp. 642, 662-
63: C. Watkins, “Let Us Now Praise Famous
Grains.” Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society. 122 (1978), 9-17.
[F/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/SK//JB1-S]
cehan ^Ia^o- (K) = world. See cihan.
cehemin vi. (-cehem-). to go to hell, be
damned (to spend eternity in hell): •[K’eftar] fem
dike ku §er bi hileyen wi hesiyaye ... §£r
bang dike, dibeje: "... Qe§mere teres, div£
ku ez careke din te li hizura xwe nebinim.
Bicehime here, hej ku min tu
nepergiqandiye" (Wit 2:100, p.13) [The hyena]
understands that the lion has caught onto his ruses
... The lion shouts "... Worthless bum, I don’t want
to see you in my presence ever again! Now get the
hell out of here, before I smash you to a pulp" »Tu
bi ku de dicehemi biceheme (KS, p.20) You
can go to hell for all I care! [lit. ’Wherever you go
to hell, go to hell'), (afeo.'cehimin (TF); cehmin (K-
2 ); cehnimin (K)l ccehnem = ’hell’ <Ar jahannam
<Heb ge’ Hinom D1 PH K*0i = ’the valley of
Hinnom’ [KS//TF//K] <cehnem>
cehenem (IFb/GF/OK) = hell. See cehnem.
cehennem p<co*kA<o. (SK/HH) = hell. See cehnem.
cehimin (TF) = to be damned. See cehemin.
cehel 0 Ua<o- (IFb/GF) = young; immature. See cahil.
cehi (JB1-S) = barley. See ceh.
cehmin (K) = to be damned. See cehemin.
cehnem f. (-a;-e). hell: *Daimi xiyala
§eytani ew e, weliyan il sofiyan ft
tobekaran ji feka befie§te ft necate derexlt
ft bibete ser reka cehennem£ ft helaki (SK
4:42) The devil’s thoughts are always directed
toward leading holy and pious and repentant men
astray from the road to paradise and salvation and
setting them on the road to hell and destruction
•Her kese pe§keke ji awa tizbiy£t min
wexotewe, cendekft wi agir£ cehennemS
nabinit (SK 12:119) Whoever drinks a drop of
85
c
the water from my rosary, his body will not see the
fire of Hell, [also: cehenem (IFb/GF/OK); cehennem
(SK); cenem (F); ce’nim (Msr); [djehenem
j^ga-/djehendem (JJ); <cehennem
./cehennem (HH)) [syn: doji) <Ar
jahannam < Heb gehinom DITm < ge
hinom Dim K* 7 ^ = 'valley of Hinom'; cf. T
cehennem; Sor cehenem p.<o<ufc^; Za cahnim m.
(Todd) [K//IFb/JJ/GF/OK//SK/HH//F//Msr]
cehnimm (K) = to be damned. See cehemin.
ceh§ m. (). 1) (syn: deh§; k’ufik [1]) young of
donkey, donkey foal; 2) collaborator, Kurd who
cooperates with the government against his own
people: “Kurds who supported Saddam grew rich
and fat. They were able to strut around the great
hotels in Baghdad, in the bazaars of the capital and
marry off a daughter with crowds gathering to the
beat of the davul (bass drum) and zurna (flute).
They wore little skull-caps of gold or multi¬
coloured woven cloth under their camane (head-
scarves), their bellies thrust forward over the belts
of their Peshmerga-style blue or khaki shalvar.
These were the jash (collaborators)" [from: Sheri
Laizer. “Peace and stability?” in: Into Kurdistan :
Frontiers under Fire (London : Zed Books, 1991),
p. 97: *!ro ji ceh§£ Kurd, ji bo milete xwe,
di dest£ neyare xwe de bfiye §ur (WM 1:2,
p.15) Even today Kurdish jahshes ^collaborators]
have become a sword in the hand of the euemy
against their own people, [also: ceh§ik (Bw); deh§;
<ceh§ik> (HH)} < Ar jahs Sor ca§
(jiLi7ca§eker j<^<uU./ca§k JLiU-/ca§ule =
'donkey foal'. See also: Martin van Bruinessen.
Agha, Shaikh and State (London : Zed Books,
1992), p. 40]. [AB/K/A//HH/Bw] See also deh§.
<[l] k’er III; [2] destkis; mixenet; xwefiro§>
ceh§ik (Bw/HH) = donkey foal. See ceh§[l].
cehtiri (Ml) = thyme. See cat’iri.
cej # in f. ( # na; ). celebration, festivities (e.g.,
wedding, circumcision, New Years) (T diigiin);
holiday: •Cejna we piroz be (AB)
Congratulations [lit. 'May your celebration be
blessed'] *Cejna Newroze (JB3) Kurdish New
Year, March 21. (a/so: cejn (A/JB3/IFb/GF/OK))
[syn: de’wat) [Pok. iag- 501.] 'to worship;
reverence 1 : Skt yajna- m. - ‘sacrifice’; O Ir *yazna-;
Av yasna-; O P *ya§na- = ‘sacred ceremony with
sacrifice; act of worship 1 ; Mid P JaSn (M3); P ja§n
86
Sor cejn = 'festival 1
[AB/K/TF//A/JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
cejn ^ 5 '^ (A/JB3/IFb/GF/OK) = celebration. See
cejin.
celagi (L) = executioner. See celagi.
♦ ♦
celad Si<^ (JBl-S) = executioner. See celagi.
celat o m. ( ; celet, vi celati). executioner,
hangman, {also: celagi (L); celad (JBl-S); celatgi (K);
[djelad] Si*. (JJ); <celad> (HH)) [syn: sat’orgi)
< Ar jallad —> T cellat; Sor celad
[L//K//B//JJ/HH/JB1 -S]
celatgi (K) = executioner. See celagi.
• *
celeb I m. (). way, manner, mode, method,
fashion: -bi vi celebi (B) in this manner or
fashion; -gi celebi? (B) how? in what manner?;
-wi celebi (B) thus, in such a way. [also: celew II
(K); <celeh> (HH)| [syn: awa; cure; t’eher)
<Ar jalaba = 'to attract 1
[EH/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//K]
celeb II in. (). drove or flock of sheep for sale
or being led to slaughter: -Her sal muro§
Artu§i digu Musile, xuri, Tun, penir, celeb
dibir, li Mhsile difirot (SK 31:274) Every year
the Artushi used to go to Mosul, taking wool,
butter, cheese and livestock, which he sold in
v
Mosul, [also: <celeb> (Hej)l
[Zeb/IFb/HH/SK/GF/TF//Hej] <col; keri II>
celew I f. (-a; ). 1 ) (syn: bizmik [1]; dizgin;
#
gem; lixab] rein(s), bridle: •[Celew §or kir] (PS)
He slackened the reins •Rabft ser xwe <1 bi
cewala dewara xo girt, u here we da qesre
(HR-1, 3:59) He stood up and grabbed his horse by
the reins, and led her to the castle; 2) wooden ring
or hoop passed over a horse’s neck when fastening
the feedbag (IF), [also: cewal (HR-I); [ja:lau] (PS);
[djilou/djileoul^L. (JJ); <celew> 3 l ? . (HH)) Sorcilew
v
According to GF, this word occurs in Hekkari
& Behdinan [PS/IF/HH/GF//JJ] ccuher; hevsar>
celew Ilj^Jto. (K) = way, manner. See celeb I.
cem prep, at the house of, at, by (cf. Fr chez,
Germ bei, Rus y u): •cem me = at our house, by
us [chez nous/bei uns/ u nas (y Hac)] # Ew t@ cem
herdehe kure xwe (Ba) She comes to all 10 of
her sons »Ez dixwazim herime cem Xwed§
(Dz) I want to go to God; -ji cem = from, from by
the side of [de chez] *Ji cem ape min hatiye
(BX) He came from my uncle's; -li cem = at [the
house of] [Fr. chez] (with or without motion) : # Ez
/
c
duhi li cem te bum (BX) yesterday I was at/
over your house, {also: [djem] (JJ); <cem> ^
(HH)} \syn: bal I; hinda I; lale; li def (Bw); nik I; rex
I| < Ar janb ^ [BX/K/JB3/B/JJ/HH]
cemaet (IF) = group; society. See cima’et.
cemed m./f.(SK/Bw) ( /-a; /-e). ice:
•Mezhebe ku esase wi li ser wan terze
delilane bit weki diware ser cemede ye:
her wexte hetawek le det cemed de
buhujit, diwar de herifit (SK 60:713) A
religion based on such proofs is like an ice-covered
wall: whenever the sun hits it the ice will melt,
[and] the wall will collapse *Te cemeda ser dile
xwe hiland (Qzl) You melted the ice in your
heart; -cemede §kandin (Zeb) to warm up (of
formerly cold relations)\ to break the ice. {also:
[djemed] (Jf); <c[e]med> (HH)} [syn: qe§a)
<Ar jamad ^ = ’ice' [Erh/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/RZ]
cemedani ^ I j ^ f. (-ya; ). kerchief or kaffiyeh
which Kurdish men wrap around their head:
•Kilawe dezi ft cemedaniya sor bo pa§a
ba§ e (SK 4 7:461) A cotton cap with a red
kerchief is good for the Pasha, {also: <cemedani>
(HH)| {syn: dersok; keving: p’o^i: §emil} cf.
Sor caniane coLU = ’cotton turban cloth, material
used for women's shirts' [Zx/A/IFh/HH/SK/GF]
cemidin ^ vi. (-cemid-). 1) {syn: qefilin [l];
qerimin; qerisin; qe§a girlinl to freeze (vi.)\ 2) to be
cold, suffer from the cold (B/IFb): »Ez
dicemidim (B) Pm cold, {also: [djemedin]
(JJ); <cemidin (dicemide) (HH)| <Ar
Vj-m-d jlo- = 'to freeze, congeal'; Za cemediyayi§ =
'to freeze' (Mai) [Btm/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/OK] <sar;
serma; simirin; sur I; tezi II>
cenab nL (-§; )• 1) title of respect: Mister, your
honor, the honorable...: ȣonko cenabe mir
zateki mezin e, ez o riwi xulam in, dibit
pi§ka zate wi zedetir bit. Bes lazim e ga
bo cenabe mir bit (SK 7:71) Since his
excellency the chief is a great person, while the fox
and I are servants, his personal portion must be
greater. The ox must therefore be for his
excellency the chief; 2) respectful way of referring
to illustrious personalities: *Ew her ji min re bi
kef ft bi xwe§i g§li cenabe Ehmede Xani
dike ... Te gotin ko di navbera hezrete
Ehmed§ Xani ft Xwedft de ten§ du buhust
ft gar till mane 1§ ko tu ji min bipirsi, di
navbera wan herdu cenaban da ew du
buhust ft gar tiliyen ha ji ninin (Tof, 11) He
keeps describing the honorable Ahmed-i Khani to
me with pleasure... It is said that between Ahmed-i
Khani and God there are only two spans and four
fingers, but if you ask me, between those two
honored ones there aren't even two spans and four
fingers. < Ar janab = title of respect; Sor
cenab v b«^ = form of respectful address
[Tof/K/IFb/SK/GF] <tu I>
cenan glua. m. ( ; cenen, vi cenani). gardener:
•Cenen av bir ser zebe§an (AB) The gardener
brought water to [i.e., watered] the watermelons.
{svn: baxvan (F)} < Ar jannan q\2*. [AB/TF]
cenawer (L) = beast. See canewar.
cenawir (IF) = beast. See canewar.
cencer /. (-a;-e). threshing machine, wooden
threshing sled with flint blades set in the bottom.
{also: cencere (GF-2); cercer (IFb-2/TF); cercer (B);
cercere (A/IFb-2/GF); <cercer> (HH)} {syn:
patoz) <Ar jarjar = 'threshing machine' (Hava)
_
[<vj-r-r = 'to drag']; T carcar |Igdir-Kars; Erci§-
Van; Kilis-Gaziantep; Urfa] & cercer [Gaziantep;
Mara§| & cancar [Kerkiik] = 'threshing sled' [doven]
(DS, v. 3, p. 860); Sor cencer jdw*j — 'threshing
sledge, pulley, waterwheel' [Bw/K(s)/IFb/OK//
HH/TF//B//A/GF] cbender; kam I>
cencere (GF) = threshing machine. See
cencer.
cendek Jojj**. m. (-§; ). corpse, dead body,
cadaver; carrion: »Her kese pe§keke ji awa
tizbiyet min wexotewe, cendekft wi agirS
cehenneme nabinit (SK 12:119) Whoever
drinks a drop of the water from my rosary, his
body will not see the fire of Hell; -cendekft mirl
(B) do. {also: [djendek] (JJ); <cendek>
(HH)j | syn: berat’e [2]; cinyaz; kele§ I; le§; meyt’;
term} ]EP-8/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK}
cenderm (K) = gendarme. See cendirme.
cendik /'. (-a;-e). hag, sack: »Ewi mirovi gi
kir, dest da mari, kire di cendikS da (M-
Ak, #544) What did the man do but lay hold of the
snake and put it in his bag. {syn: tur 1} [M-Ak/OK]
ccuher; gewal>
cendirm®e m. ( ;•§). gendarme, policeman:
•Cendirman je ra qeziyen xirab digotin ft
1§ dixistin (DZK, p.135) The policemen insulted
them and beat them •Jinik, cinareki me heye,
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cendirme ye (Z-922, p. 315) Woman, we have a
neighbor [who] is a gendarme, {also: canderme
(Ak); cenderm (K); jandarm (F); <cendirma>
[HH)) <T jandarma <Fr gendarme [originally gens
d’armes) [Z-922/A/IFb/SK/OK//HH//K//Ak//F]
<milis>
cenem (F) = hell. See cehnem.
cenet f. ( ;-§). paradise, heaven: *Min hinek
s§v&n cenete diven (Rnh 2:17, p. 308) I need
some paradise apples; -gun cenete (K) to end up
in paradise, [also: cennet (GF/K-2); cinet[’] (F/B);
cinnet; [djoune A^/jen’et (Lx) o-o*] (JJ); <cennet>
(HH)) jsjm: bihu§t) <Ar jannah = 'garden;
paradise 1 [Rnh/K/IFb/OK//HH/GF//F/B//JJ]
cenewar j ) 3 <>= beast. See canewar.
ceng f./m.(OK) (-a/;-e/). 1) ( syn: §er I) war,
battle; 2) {syn: de’w II; doz) fight, scuffle. | also:
[genk] XX (JJ); <ceng> XX (HH)) < P jang XX\
Sor ceng X<^ [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/OK//JJ]
cengke§t! f. (). battleship: •Em nikarin
■ ■
rasti cengke§tiyen Japon! en mezin b§n
(RN) We cannot encounter large Japanese
battleships. [RN/K(s)J <ferget; gemi; ke§t[i]; stol>
ce’nim (Msr) = hell. See cehnem.
ce’ni (B) = colt, foal. See can!.
♦ ♦
cennet (GF/K/HH) = paradise. See cenet.
centre /. (•a;*e). satchel, bag; purse: •Kure
min, gend pare ve cente dane? (M-Ak #618)
My son, how much money is there in this satchel?.
{also: gante (RZ); gendik’ II (JBl-A); gente
(K/IFb/GF/OK-2); [cant] (JJ)) Cf. P cante
T ganta; Ar santah Sor canta loU
[M-Ak/SK/OK//K/IFb/CF//JJ//JBl-A//RZ] <parzun [2]>
ce’nu = colt, foal. See cani.
centib (B) /. ( ;-e). south,
(syn: ba§ur; jer [3]; ni§iv (Bw)) < Ar janub
[F/K] cbakur; ro[j]ava; ro[j]hilat>
ceph«e /. ( # a; ). front, front line, vanguard,
battle front: -Cepha Kurdistan! (Wit) The
Kurdistan Front, {also: cebhe (IFb)) {syn: 'em [2])
<Ar jabhah = ’forehead; (battle) front' ~> T
cephe [Wlt//IFb]
cer f.(OK)/m.(B) ( /-§; ). clay jar, jug (used for
storing water) : *Kegik rabfi gfl ber
§Hncerik§, tas ji ser deve cer hilani u
cer xwar kir ku tas dagire. Le cer tiji
avbti ii giranbfi. Kegik nikar! ew [sic]
ragire. Cembil§ c§r ji deste w§ filiti
cer gindiri. Bu qule-qula deve wi av
j§ rijiya (MB-Meyro) The girl got up and went
over to the water jug, lifted the cup from its mouth,
• and lowered the jug to fill up the cup. But the jug
was full of water, and was rather heavy. The girl
could not hold it steady: the jug’s handle slipped
from her hand, and the jug tipped over. With a
glug-glug, the water started spilling out. {also: cer
(A/IFb-2/GF-2/TF); cer (B/Z-2); [djer] ^ (JJ); <cer>
u.
(HH)) {syn: gumgum [l]; k’up) Cf. Ar jarrah o
[AB/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK//A/TF//B] <gumgum [1];
hincan; k’edun; k’up; lin; sewil>
cercer (IFb/TF/HH)/cefcer (B) = threshing
machine. See cencer.
cercere (A/IFb/GF) = threshing machine. See
cencer.
cerd I f. (-a;-e). 1) {also: [djerde] oj>> (JJ))
{syn: nijde) band, gang: •Diqewim! usa ji, weki
cerde pez t’alan dikir (Ba2:l, p.203) It would
happen also that bandits would capture some
sheep; -cerda be’ra (B) (band of) pirates; 2) {syn:
t’alan [2]) rohbery, brigandage; 3) raid, incursion,
foray: *(Jaxe meriv jela li Keg’e
g’iye diniheri, meriv t’ire we dere kela ge
kirine, ku ji we dere C’ala Sineke
biniherin d ewe ji cerde, ji du§min xwey
kin (Ba2:l, p.203) When one looked at the
mountaintop, one would think they had built a
fortress there, so that they could see Chala Sinek
from there and protect it from raids, from the
enemy; 4) {also: [djerd] j (JJ); <cerd> j (HH))
{syn: t’alan [2]) booty, spoils (JJ). <Ar jard j
verbal noun of jarada = ’to peel, to denude, to
strip’; Sor cerde oj= ’brigand, highwayman,
pirate 1 [Ba2/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
cerd II j jcio. (-e) (Z-3) = javelin; game of jereed. See
cerid.
cereme (IFb) = fine, penalty. See cerime.
cerenix (K[s]) = fight. See cerenix.
cerenix /. (-a;-e). 1) struggle, battle,
contest (K[s]/JJ); 2) (syn: cure; de’w II; doz;
k’e§mek’e§; k’e§e) fight, argument, brawl, scuffle,
tussle (K[s]/JJ): # [Di niva dere ot’eye dibe
cerenixa Mefimed Begi H Behram] (JR) At
the door to the room the fight [between] Mehmed
Beg and Behram took place, {also: cerenix (K[s]);
§efenix (Zeb) [djerenikh] ^^ (JJ) }
[JJ/JR/Hk//K(s)//Zeb] <mi§t u mir; §ef I>
88
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cerg m.(K)/f.(JJ) (-e [K]/-a [JJ] ; ). liver: -cerga
sipi (JJ)/cerge spi (K) lung | syn: cegera spi;
kezeb; p’i§ik (Ag/IF/K/F)/pi§a spi (JB3/IF); sih (Hk))
{also: cerge (K); ceger (F/K); [djerk /
dhighey^ (JJ); ccerk J^/ceger jZ>.> (HH)) {syn:
kezeb[a re§]; pi§a re§/pu§) Cf. P jegar T ciger;
Sor cerg dfj^l ciger ; for etymology see
ceger. [K/A/JB3//JJ/HH] <dil; fatere§k; hinav:
zirav II> See also ceger.
cerge 4 ^ 43 . (K) = liver. See ceger & cerg.
ceribandin jA^Lj^/ceribandin [M] vt.
(-ceribin-). to try, test, experiment: *Ez
dixazim xirabya xwe me§era bicerbinim
(Dz) I want to try out my evil on the forest •KT'e
li diji kurdan u PKK'e her rebaz ceriband
(AW77C2) Turkey has tried every method against
the Kurds and the PKK. {also: ceribandin (K/B):
cerivandin; <ceribandin jjjL^o-tdiceribine)
(HH)1 {syn: hegandin) < Ar jarraba II
Cf. NA mjaro:be (Krotkoff) [K/I 3 //M /1 II 1 //JI 33 / 1 F 1
cerid aj :J 43. f. ( ;-e). 1) javelin, spear; 2) jereed,
equestrian game involving the throwing of javelins;
trick riding (B); horse racing (K/A/HH): -cirid
kirin/dayin ciride/k’etin ciride (BJ/cirid
leyistin (IF) to engage in or play the game of
jereed. {also: cerd II (-e) (Z-3); cirid (B/A/IF);
[djerid] aj^ (JJ); <cirid> aj^ (HH)) Cf. Ar jarld
aj^o. = 'palm branches stripped of their leaves';
’jereed, blunt javelin used in equestrian games’ -->
T cirit = 'game of jereed’; 'blunt stick used as
javelin in the game of jereed’; W Arm Jrint 5
Sor cirit ^ = 'javelin 1 . See: Parry, V.J. "Djerid,"
in: El 2 , vol. 2 , pp. 532-33. [Z-3//K/JJ//A/IF/B/HH]
<k’a§o>
cerime 4 «jj 43 . f. (). fine, penalty, mulct, {also:
cereme (IFb- 2 ); cerme, f. (; cerme) (B); [gerima]
^ (JJ)) | syn: be§ [ 2 ]; cirm (K))< Ar jarlmah
= 'crime'; Sor cerime 4 ^ 43 . = 'fine (penalty)'
[K/JB3/IFb/OK//JJ//B] See also cirm.
cerivk f. Q. broom: -giya cerivk (Bw)
broom plant, {also: [gianfk] (JJ-G)} [syn:
avlek; gezi; k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); sivnik;
sizik; §irt I) Cf. Ar Vj-r-f «J>». = 'to sweep away’; P
jarube 4 j= ’broom’ [Bw//JJ] <mali§tin>
cerme f. (; cerme) (B) = fine, penalty. See
cerime.
ces ^ 43 . /. (). plaster of Paris, gypsum, whitewash.
jaJso:cexs (Msr); [djes ^-o./djehs Lr ^.] (JJ)} (syn:
gee; k’ils) Cf. Ar jiss ^ [Msr//A/IFb/JJ/OK]
cesisandin vt. (-cesisin-). to spy on,
examine, test or try out, investigate: •[Menzila
MeRmed Beg! ditiye d cesisandiye] (JR) He
found and spied on Mehmed Beg's house, {also:
[djesisandin] ^AjL-* 3 . (JJ)} < Ar/P jasus T
casus = ’spy’ [JR/JJ]
ce’t’iri ^^43. (B) = marjoram. See cat’iri.
• •
Cevro in. Q. common name for a dog. [Msr]
<cewr[ik]; Devfe§; Deqe>
cew f. (-a;-e). 1 ) brook, stream: *Ser singe
Dumanlue cicina xulexula cewiked avd bii
(Ba 2 :l, p. 202 ) On the slope of (Mount] Dumanlu
here and there was the babbling of brooks (of
water); 2 ) channel, course, (river)bed; 3 ) ditch,
gutter, sewer, [also: [djeou/djou]^ (JJ); <cu> 33 .
(HH)} [Ba2/K/JJ//HH] <cu I>
cewab J 343 . (L/IFb/JBl-S/SK/OK) = answer; news. See
cab.
cewahir m.(OK)/i(B) ( ;-e). 1 ) jewel, gem; 2 )
pearl(s) (HH). {also: cewar, f. (EP); [djevahir]
(JJ); <cewahir>^33. (HH)) < Ar jawahir 3^)33.,
broken pi. o/jawhar^^ < P gohar
[EP//K/A/JB 3 /IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/OK]
cewal JljAa. (HR-I) = bridle. See celew I.
cewar f. (EP) = pearls; jewels. See cewahir.
cewik J343. = dim. of cew.
cewr J3 43 m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). 1) young of animal (cub,
whelp, etc.) ; 2 ) small dog (B); puppy (HH/JJ). {also:
cewrik (IF); [djevir j^/djevrik (JJ); <cewrik>
(HH)) {syn: gejik; kudik) Cf. Ar jarw 3 >>.
[AB/K/A/B//IF/JJ/HH] <cucik>
cewrik . 4 ^ 43 . (IF/HH) = dim. of cewr.
cexs ^^ 43 . (Msr) = plaster. See ces.
ceyndik 4 ajj 4 » (K) = sideburns. See ceynik [ 2 ].
ceynik J.. 0 . 43 . f. (-a;-e). 1) temple (anat.) : •T’iliya
xwe dide her cenika xwe (K2-Ferik) He puts
his finger to his temple [=He scratches his temple];
2) {also: ceyndik (K)) sideburns (IF); 3) down on
cheeks, "peach fuzz" (HH). {also: cenik (IFb-2);
cenik (K/B); [djinik 4^A3. / djinouk 4$-^] (JJ);
<ceynik> (HH)) [HB/A/IFb/HH//K/B//JJ]
cezaret 00 j) j 43 . f. ( ;-e). 1 ) punishment, retribution:
•Min P’erinaza xwe careke daye czaret,
nha gi b&je me qebflle (EH) Once I punished
my [daughter] Perinaz severely, but now I accept
89
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whatever she says; 2) { syn: karkini) trouble, grief:
•Min geleki tu day! czaretS (EH) I caused you
a lot of grief, [also: cizaret; czaret (EH)) Cf. Ar
jizarah oj)>> = ’butchering’ [EH//F/K]
cezire o(F) = island. See cizir.
c@b .-LL* £ pocket (F/K/JJ). {also: cev; [djib]
(JJ) ; <ceyb> c^o. (HH)) {syn: berik; kurik) < Ar
jayb ^ -> T cep [EP-7/L/F/K/B//JJ//HH]
cemi Ls <>^ (Hk) = twin. See cewi.
#«
cenik JjJo. (IFb) = temple; sideburns. See ceynik.
cenik (K/B) = temple; sideburns. See ceynik.
cer (A/IFb/GF/TF)/cer (B/Z-2) = jug. See cer.
cerg«e /. ( ; # e). 1) group: *Li besta pe§
mala te ew rez bi c§rge bisekine (Ba3-3, #8)
[They] should go line up in a group on the field in
front of your house; -cerge-cerge (EP-8) in
groups, group by group # §ervana hespe xwe
derxistin/... C§rge-cerge re k’etin (EP-8) The
warriors got out their horses/ ... Group by group
they set out; 2) {syn: tipi) (mil.) detachment, {also:
[djerghe] <*5%. (JJ)} Cf. Sor cerge gerge
= 'assembly, club, institute’ [EP-8/K/B//JJ]
ceribandin (K/B) = to try, test. See
ceribandin.
cerivandin qjjU jla. = to try, test. See ceribandin.
cev = pocket. See ceb.
cewik ^ (Czr/Haz/Klk) = twin. See cSwi.
cewi n1 ’ 0- 1) twin; one of a pair: -bercewi
(Btm/Grc)/felqcewi (Erg)/heval cewi
(Dyd/Wn)/hevalcemk (Bw) twin; 2) (syn; leyl u
mecnun) Gemini (astr.): *Li rupela fala we,
birca c£wiyan dixwinim (LC, p.8) On the Your
Luck page, I read the gemini horoscope, {also: cemi
(Hk); cewik (Czr/Haz/Klk); cewik (Msr/GF-2);
cimka (K[s]); cimik (OK-2); [jamik /djivi
/djivik Js-^1 (JJ); <cewik> ^ (HH)) [Pok. iem-
505.] 'to pair': Skt yama- m.; 0 Ir *yama-; Av
yama- = 'twin; pair'; Mid P jmyg [jamlg] (Boyce);
Sor cimik Cf. Lat geminus. See: M. Schwartz.
“Proto-Indo-European Vgem” Monumentum H.S.
Nyberg, Acta Iranica, Series 2: Hommages et Opera
Minora, 5 (Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1975), yol. 2, pp.
200-201. [F/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//JJ//HH//Btm/Grc/
/Erg//Dyd/Wn//Hk]
cewik (Msr/GF) = twin. See cewi.
cez f. (IFb) = dowry; trousseau. See cihaz.
cida Ijo. = separate. See cuda.
cifte aij b. (F) = kick. See givt.
cigar*e /. ( ;*e). cigarette: -p’ere k’axaza
cigarS (Ba) a sheet of cigarette paper; -cixare
k’i§andin (B) to smoke, {also: cixare (IFb); cixare,
f. (K/F/B); gixare (A); sigaret, f. (F); ccikare
ojlSG/cixare OJ U^> (HH)) {syn: bagek) Sor cigere
Za cixare (Todd) [Ba//IFb//F/K/B/HH//A]
<heste; k’irpit; neftik; qelun; qotmok>
cih (A/JB3/IF/Bw) = place; bed. See ci.
cihab (F) = answer; news. See cab.
cihabdar (F) = responsible. See cabdar.
cihabdari (F) = responsibility. See cabdari.
• •
cihan (K/GF) = world. See cihan.
cihaz m. (-e; ). dowry (K); dowry given to a girl
(JJ); trousseau (K/IF); money given by the bride's
father (IF), {also: cez, f. (IFb); cihez (K/B/IFb-2);
[djehizy^/ djehaz ji**] (JJ); <ciliez> _>-*=» (HH))
< Ar jihaz = set' —> T geyiz = 'trousseau'; Sor
ciyazi = 'bride’s trousseau' |U/K/B/HH//lFb//jj]
• •
<dermali; qelen>
ciher (GF-Bot/RF) = feedbag. See cuher.
cihe adj. separate; different: *L§ her yek§ bi
zimaneki hatine nivisandin, alfabeya wan
ji hevdu cih£ ye (Wit 1:41, p.2) But each one
was written in a [separate] language, and their
alphabets are different from each other; -[ji hev]
cihe kirin (K) to separate (from one another).
{also: cuda) <0 Ir *yuta- (A&L p. 84 [IV, 2] + 93
[XVI]): Av yuta-; Mid P yudak (Tsb2, 9) &
Manichean Mid P JudI (A&L); P juda Ia^.; Sor ciya
U/cwe [co] [Wlt/K/A/IFb/B/GF/(TF)] See also
• •
cuda.
cihel (JBl-A/OK) = young; immature;
inexperienced. See cahil.
ciherengi f. (). difference, distinction: • [ji
Serokatiya belediya Cizire re] Di nav we ft
serok§n belediyen Tirkiye de, gi cihdrengi
hene? (Wit 1:49, p.) [to the leadership of the
municipality of Jizre/Jizira] What differences are
there between you and the heads of the
municipalities of Turkey? [(neol)Wlt/TF] <cihe>
cihez (K/B/IFb) = dowry; trousseau. See cihaz.
cihir ^ (IS) = feedbag. See cuher.
cihft m.&f. (). Jew: *tteta cfthi qutana xwe
naxwit, be§a xwe nadit (YSZx) A Jew does not
pay his tax until he is beaten / prv.f ; -jina cihftd
(K)/k , ulfeta cihu (B) Jewess; -mala cihft has§
kirin (XF): a) to compel s.o. to submit, to make
s.o. knuckle under, to show s.o. who’s boss *Min
*
90
tu mala cihud hase kiri (Z-l) I have made you
knuckle under /I've shown you who's boss [lit. 'I
have chased you into the house of the jews’]; b) to
non-plus s.o., put s.o. in a difficult situation,
pressure s.o. into saying/doing stg. {also: cihud (Z-
1/K/JB3); cuhi (JB3); cuhu; cu II (A-2/SK); cuhi
(YSZx); [djihou]^=v (JJ); <cihu>^=v (HH)) Cf. P
johud —> T fit < Ar/P yahudl < Heb
m •
yehudi “HIPT; Sor cu^^/culeke
[Z-l/K/JB3//A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//SK] <file;
mexin>
cihud (K/JB3) = Jew. See cihu.
cihoni c yte- (Bw) = mortar. See coni I.
ciliel (Bw) = young; immature; inexperienced.
See cahil.
ci‘idok f. ( ;-e). a fragrant herb which is put
with spun garments to protect them from being
eaten by termites, [also: <ci‘idok> (HH))
[HB/A/IFb/HH]
cil I f./pi.(JBl-A&S) (). 1) ( syn: g’ek; k’inc; libs)
clothing, clothes: -destek cillik (JBl-S) a suit of
clothes; 2) ]ph] {sjm:kiras [3]) a woman’s cycle,
menses, period (Msr): •K’etme cila (Msr) I am
having my period •Cila nabinim (Msr) I haven’t
had my period (and may be pregnant), {also: cillik
(JBl-A&S); [djil] (JJ); <cil> 0 L> (HH)) Cf. NA
julla/jilla (pi. julle/jille) = 'clothing’
(Krotkoff/Nakano); Sor cil Ja.
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JI/HH/SK/Msr//JBl-A&S]
cil IIJ*. f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: bef IV; cacim; gelt; k’ilim;
mer§; p’alas; tejik [l]) kilim, pileless carpet, napless
carpet, flatweave carpet (Ad/K); 2) I also: cilik (TF)}
horse cloth (A/IFb/B/TF). [Ad/K/A/IFb/B//TF]
cil IIIJd. m. (-e; ). 1) \syn: do§ek; milel) mattress
(Kr§/GF); 2) {syn: ci; milel) bedding, bedclothes
(Mzg/IFb). [Kr§/Mzg/IFb/GF]
cilik (TF) = horse cloth. See cil II.
cillik JlLL. (JBl-A&S) = clothing; horse cloth. See cil.
cilq adj. 1) hollow, empty: -sere cilq (IFb)
empty-headed (of a person): 2) rotten (egg): *Bele
ser§ Erdal, weke heka qulingan cilq buye
(Wit 1:37, p.13) But Erdal [tndniij’s head, is rotten
like a crane’s egg [This plays on both meanings of
cilq]. [Wlt/IFb] <p’ug’; vala>
cilgo f. 0 . laundrywoman, laundress, {also: [jil-
§6ye] ouyLL. (JJ); <cil§o> jjlU- (HH)1 isyn; g’ek§o (A))
< cil = 'clothes’ + §o- = ’wash’; Sor ciI§or
[K/A/JB3/HH//JJ1 <balav>
ciluq (Rh) = turkey (fowl). See culux.
cima'et o**L*./cimaet [F] f. (-a;-8). 1)
group (of people) , people: •Cime’ta KillianiS
(Ba) The people of Kilhaniye (=Canaan?); 2)
society; association; assembly, gathering, {also:
cemaet (IF); cime’t (Ba); cimiet; civat; [djemaet]
(JJ)) < Ar jama'ah > T cemaat; Sor
cemat oL«^; Za cemat = ’congregation, crowd’
(Todd) [Ba//EP-7/ K/SK//F//IF/B//JJ] See also
civat. <grub>
cimcim*e I m. (•§; ). kettle, coffee pot:
-cimcime qehwe = coffee pot. Cf. Ar qumqum
pis [K]
*cimcim«e II f. ( ;*e). swamp, bog, marsh,
{syn; genav) [F/K/B]
cim'et (Ba) = group; society. See cima'et.
cimiet = group; society. See cima'et.
cimik (OK) = twin. See cewi.
cimka l£o. (K[s]) = twin. See cewi.
cin ^ m. (). jinn, genie, demon, evil spirit;
"Centuries ago, Solomon threw 500 of the magical
spirits called jinn out of his kingdom and exiled
them to the mountains of the Zagros. These jinn
first flew to Europe to select 500 beautiful virgins
as their brides and then went to settle in what
became known as Kurdistan” (MK3, p. xi) : »Weke
cin u pirebokan li ve rew§a te dinerin (Lab,
51) They will look at you [lit. ’at your situation’] as
if you were a jinn or witch; -cina k’etin (K/B): a)
to go mad; b) to have a seizure, fit, attack (of
epilepsy), {also: ec[i]ni (Z-2); cinn (SK); [djin] qa
(JJ); <cin> q*. (HH)) {syn; ji me getir) <Ar jinn q*.
= 'jinn, demons'; Sor cin Za cin (Todd)
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//SK//Z-2] <dew; pirhevok;
§eytan>
cinawir (A/HH) = beast. See canewar.
cindi adj. 1) noble, elegant, splendid (K/A);
• •
good, fine (IFb); 2) {syn: bedew; ciwan [2]; k’eleg
III; spehi; xwegik) beautiful, handsome
(K/A/IFb/MK); 3) {syn: ’eyan [3]; giregir) [m.]
nobleman: •Rojeke wan gend giregir H
cindiyS gehere Cizird hildan (Z-l) One day
they took some notables and nobles of the city of
Jizirah. {also: [djindi] (JJ); <cindi> (HH))
[MK/Z/K/ A/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
cineh (Dy/IFb) = mace, club. See cinili.
cinet[’] (F/B) = paradise. See cenet.
cinH^s. (Qrj) = mace, club. See cinili.
91 e '
c
ciniK m. ( ;-i). mace, club, cudgel consisting of a
long thin stick with a rounded head (Qzl) specific
types include badikl, gurkanf, gfinikf, and §eg
(§epiki) gem (Qzl). [also: cineh (Dy/IFb); cinPi
(Qrj); cuniPi (GF); cunufi (Qzl-2)} { syn : gomax;
metreq) [Qzl//Dy/IFb//Qrj//GF] <gurz I; hiwezi>
cini (Tof) = knee. See ejnu.
ciniyaz (Z-l/F) = corpse. See cinyaz.
cinn (SK) = jinn. See cin.
cinnet = paradise. See cenet.
cins in. (-§; ). 1) ( syn: cure; reng) kind, sort,
type (K/IFb/HH); 2) race, species (K/B/Jl); 3) {syn:
zarav [3]; zayend) gender (gram.) : -cins§ jin
(K/B) feminine gender; -cins§ m§r (K/B)
masculine gender; 4) sex (K/IFb/B); 5) origin,
descent, provenance; background, extraction
(K/B). [also: [djins] (JJ); <cisn> (HH)|
< Ar jins = 'type; species' < Gr genos yevog
& Lat genus; Sor cisn ^-^/cisnat oL~o*/cins
= 'family origins’ [F/K/IFb/B/JJ//HH]
cinyaz jL^ ni. (-e; cinyez, vi cinyazi). corpse,
dead body. [also: ciniyaz (Z-l/F); [djenaze] ojL^.
(JJ)) Isyn: berat’e [2]; cendek; kele§ I; le§; meyP;
term} < Ar janazah ajLo. - ’funeral procession’--> T
cenaze = 'corpse, funeral' [Z-1/F/K/B//JJ]
cird j>> m. (-e; ). rat (rodent), zool. Mus rattus.
[also: cirt (GF-2); <cird> j>> (HH)} <Ar jurad =
large rat; Sor circ [Bw/IFb/HH/GF] <mi§k;
s§vle>
cire (R) = argument. See cure.
cire-cir >>(IFb) = argument. See cure.
cirid (B/A/IF/HH) = javelin; game of jereed. See
cerid.
cirm f. ( ;-e). 1) fine, penalty, mulct; 2) monetary
compensation, damages, [also: [djurm] (JJ)}
[syn: be§ [2]; cerime (K/JB3)} < Ar jurm
[K/B//JJ] See also cerime.
cirmdar j) a_* adj. fined, sentenced to paying a fine:
-cirmdar kirin = to fine s.o. [Z-922/K]
cirt (GF) = rat. See cird.
civak -JUa. f. (-a;-§). society: *Heta ku partiya
me tune bii, rew§a jinen Kurd di civake de
gawa bu? (Wit 1:36, p.16) Before our party
existed, what was the situation of Kurdish women
in society? [(neol)Wlt/K/IFb/TF] <omet>
civaki adj. social, public: «Di pedaketinen
civak! de, di war@ gandi, le§keri, siyasi d
abort de div§ em ji bo jinan cihek! bi dest
xin (Wit 1:36, p.16) In social engagements, in the
cultural, military, political, and economic arenas,
we must make a place for women.
[(neol)Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF]
civan (Mdt/A/TF) = rendezvous. See jivan.
civandin vt. (-civin-). to gather, collect,
assemble (vt.) : *Pez§ xwe li dora xwe
dicivinim (AB) I gather my sheep around me
•Tu j! aqile xwe bicivine (EP) And you gather
your wits, f also: civvandin (BK); [djewandin]
(JJ); <cevandin qajU> (dicevine)
(HH)} [syn: berhev kirin; k’om kirin; Pop kirin; sir
ve kirin) < Ar jama‘a
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B//JJ/HH//BK]
civat ol ^ f. (-a;-e). 1) society: -Civat ne wek
mahkeme ye. Heqe xweparastinS nade te,
... Be taloq u be ku lebikole, di celsa pe§i
de te mahkum dike (LC, p.15) Society is not
like a court. It doesn’t give you the right to defend
yourself ... Without delay and without doing any
research, it condemns you at the first session; -
Civata Heyva Sor (BK) The Red Crescent
Association (Muslim equivalent of the Red Cross).
2) group; association; assembly; 3) meeting,
gathering, [also: cemaet (IF); cima'et (EP/K/IFb-2);
cimiet; [djiwat] oUb. (JJ); <cefat> olb. (HH)} < Ar
jama'ah —> T cemaat; Sor cemat Za
cemat m. = ’congregation, crowd' (Todd)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/BK] See also cima’et.
civiyan jLib. ()B3/IFb) = to assemble (vi.). See civin.
civin vi. (-civ-). 1) [syn: berhev bun; k’ora
bun; Pop bun; xir ve bun} to meet, gather,
assemble (vi .); 2) [f] meeting; concentration, [also:
civiyan (JB3/IFb); [djiwin] (JJ)} < Ar jama'a
[Ber/K/A/B/JJ//JB3/IFb] <cima'et; civandin;
civat>
civit (GF) = indigo. See givit.
civvandin ^ajU^. (BK) = to collect. See civandin.
ciwamer 3d;'. 1) generous, magnanimous,
noble: •£eme mezin, geme tiji av, geme
ciwamer (AB) Great river, river full of water,
magnanimous river; 2) courteous (JB3); 3) [m.]
gentleman, [also: earner; ciwanmer (K); comerd;
cuwanmer; [djuvanmir] ^ (JJ); <camer
^E/cuwamer ^^l^/cumerd (HH)} Cf. Sor
cuwamer = 'gallant, brave'
[AB/JB3//K//JJ//HH] See also earner.
92
1 r
ciwan adj. 1) \syn: cahil} young [also m. = young
man]: *Hevala Semire tu di nava koine de
ya her! ciwan i (AW73A3) Comrade Semira,
you are the youngest member of the group *Li ci
Hoskan ciwanen gund derketibftn rasta
bendera u ji xwe re bi goge dilistin
(AW69B4) In Hoskan [village] the young men of
the village had gone to the threshing floor and were
playing hall; 2) {syi: bedew; cindi; k’ele§ III; spehi)
beautiful (Bw): •Pismam, ... eto ye guye
bajera, biladet mazin, ete jinet cwan y§t
ditin, noke te ez nevem (M-Ak #633, p.286)
Cousin, ... you have heen to towns and great
countries and seen heautiful women, now you do
not want me [or, do not love me], {also: can II
(Bw); civan (B); cuwan (A-2); cwan (M-Ak);
[djuvan] (JJ); <cuwan> (HH)) (ciwan! 1
(K/A/JB3); civani (B)} [Pok. 3. ieu- 510.1 'young'
-->*Ayu-He/on- = ’endowed with vitality', cf.
*Ae/oyu- = ’vitality' (Av ayu-): Skt yuvan [gen.
yunas); Av yuuan- [acc. yuuanam) = ’young man’;
P javan = 'young'; Sor cuwan = 'young,
beautiful’; Cf. Lat juvenis; Rus iunyi iohhS; Germ
jung; Eng young, (ciwan! I; civani)
[K(s)/A/JB 3/lFb/GF/TF//JJ/HH]
ciwange (A) = calf, young ox. See conega.
ciwani I f. (-ya;-ye). 1) youth, young age:
•Di malbata me de, hetta di nav e§ira me
de—yen ku bi deste hukmate hatine ku§tin
■ft yen ku bi qotike mirine ne te de—kes bi
ciwani nemiriye (LC, p.10) In our family, even
in our tribe-except for those who were killed by
the [Turkish] government or who died from
plague—no one has died in his youth; 2) beauty.
[also: civani (B); [djuvani] ^ W (JJ)}
IK/A/JB3/1 Fb/GF//JJ//B] <ciwan>
ciwani II = colt. See cani.
ciwanmer = generous; gentleman. See earner &
ciwamer.
cixare (IFb) - cigarette. See cigare.
cixare ojUo., f. (K/F/B) = cigarette. See cigare.
cizaret = punishment; trouble. See cezaret.
cizir /. (-a;-e). l) (syn: ada; durgeh; girav)
island; 2) {also: Cizira Bo[h]ta; <cizir>^>*. (HH))
the city of Jizirah (T Cizre), on the Tigris River, in
historical Bohtan, now in the province of §irnak
in Kurdistan of Turkey [formerly part of the
province of Mardin]; it is here that the main part of
93
the romance of Mem u Zin is said to have taken
place, {also: cezire (F); [gezfra] o(JJ)} < Ar
jazlrah = ’island' [K/B/HH//F/JJ]
^ m. (cihe/ciye; ). 1) (syn: der I; dever I; dews
• •
I; erdim; §ftn) place, spot: •Cihe wi vala ye (IFb)
His absence is felt [lit. 'his place is empty’] «ciki
bexwede (Ba) a godless place *Heryeki ji me
xwe ciki ve§art (Ba) Each one of us hid
somewhere; -[bi] ci bun (K) to be housed,
accomodated; to settle down; -ci girtin (K): a) to
settle down, install o.s.; to take a place, be seated:
• Kevir dileqe hew ci digire (L) Once a rock
starts moving, it cannot stand still [prv.f: b) to take
up space, occupy space: »Eva feraqa gelek ci
digire (B) This plate takes up a lot of room; -cih§
xwe girtin (Zeb) to become [well] entrenched,
become current (of a saying or expression).[syn:
funi§tin [3]); -[bi] ci kirin (Ba) a) to house, put
up, accomodate {syn: hewirandin; hewandin):
•Zelixe wi ot’axekeda ci dike (Ba) Zelikha
houses him in a room; b) to place, position, put:
•Mexbere M. vedan u Z. pa§la M. weyi
delalda ci kirin u vegeriyan (Z-l) They
opened M.’s tomb, and placed Z. in his arms, and
returned; -cibici (K) see separate entry, -cicina
(Ba2) see separate entry : -t’u ciyada (Ba)
nowhere: •Osibi xame, hila t’u ciyada
neguye (Ba) Joseph is inexperienced, he hasn't
gone anywhere yet; -di cih de = immediately, at
once: # Li ser ve yeke hikumeta Italyaye di
cih de reaksiyona xwe ni§an da (AW69A6)
The Italian government immediately reacted to
this; -di cih[d xwe] da = appropriate, befitting,
suitable, apropos {syn: bici): «Ev gotin geleki di
cihe xwe de ye (AW70D2) This statement is
very appropriate [lit. 'very much in its place'] «Ev
pirsa we geleki giring e u di cih de ye
(AW69A3) Your question is very important and
apropos; 2) [svn: nivin; text) {also: cih (A); ciye
razane/hesabune) bed, bedding: •Ciye wan
xwe§ kir (L) She made them a place to sleep
• £vare kur k’etne nava ciya (Ba) In the
evening the boys got in bed [lit. Tell among beds'];
3) source, cause (of pleasure or pain): •Werin,
tedbireki weto bikeyn ku pertala wi
muroe [=mirove[ Kurd bibeyn u ew bizanit
fl hig deng neket H razi bit, H Tazi nebit
bo wi ciy§ axiwtin6 nabit (SK 28:253) Come,
c
let us devise a plan to take this Kurdish fellow's
goods, and when he discovers it he will acquiesce
and say nothing, and even if he doesn’t acquiesce
he won't have anything to say [lit. ’it will not be a
source of speaking for him’]; -cih£ dax§ (Bw)
unfortunately {syn: mixabin); -Cihe dilxo§bilna
min e (Bw) It is my pleasure; -cihe §anaziye
(Bw) source of pride, {also: cih (A/JB3/IF-2/Bw);
[djih *=Jdji^] (JJ); <cih «Jci (HH)| Cf. P ja U
= place'; Sor ce ^/cega Za ca m. = ’bed;
place 1 (Todd); Hau yage f. = ’place; bed' (M4)
[F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH/Wn//A/JB3/Bw] <bici>
cibici adv. right then and there, on the spot,
immediately, {also: cu bi ci (B); ci u ci (B)) [K//B]
cicina adv. here and there: •Ser sing£
Dfimanlue cicina xulexula cewiked ave bu
(Ba2:l, p.202) On the slope of (Mount] Dumanlu
here and there was the babbling of brooks (of
water). [Ba2/B/GF]
cih (A) = bed. See ci [2].
cihan f (-a;-£). world: *Her wiha helwesta
Tirkiyeye ya nijadperest derkete her gave
gel£ cihan§ (AW69C1) Likewise, Turkey's racist
attitude has been noticed by the peoples of the
world; -seransere cihane = around the world.
{also: cehan (K); cihan (K-2/GF)] (syn: dinya) Cf. P
jahan Sor cehan [IFb/OK//K/GF]
cil f. (-a; ). generation: *Dive nif§a (cila) nu
xwe p£ve mijtil bike! (Wit) The new generation
must concern itself with this! {syn: nif§] <Ar jll 0 L?.
[Wlt/GF/TF]
cinar m.&f (-§/-a; ciner/). neighbor: *Jinik,
cinareki me heye, cendirme ye (Z-922, p.
315) Woman, we have a neighbor [who] is a
gendarme, {also: ciran (GF-2/SK-2); cirank’ (JBl-A);
[djinarjlLo. /djiran (JJ); <ciran> (HH)}
< Ar jlran = 'neighbors’, pi. of jar jG; = Sor
hawse & dirawse jj (cinari; cinartil
[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/SK//JBl-A]
cinari f- ( ;-ye). neighborliness; being a
neighbor, {also: cinarti (K-2/B-2)) [K/B] <cinar>
cinarti jlqo. (K/B) = neighborliness. See cinari.
cinav uLo. m. (-§; ). pronoun: -cinave giqasiye
(B) quantitative pronoun; -cinav£ d£ma
(B/K/F)/~k 5 esa (K) personal pronoun; -cinav£
eleqetiy§ (K/B)/~helaqetiye (F) relative
pronoun (i.e., ko); -cinavd hevdutiy£ (K)
reciprocal pronoun (i.e., hev); -cinavS
ni§ankirine (K/B/F) demonstrative pronoun (Le.,
ev & ew); -cinavS pirsa (B/F)/~ pirskirin§ (K)
interrogative pronoun (i.e., k’i & gi); -cinav§ ser
xwe zivirandi (B) reflexive pronoun (i.e., xwe).
{syn: bedelnav; pronav) <ci = 'place' + nav =
'name, noun’ [F/K/B/GF]
ciran (GF/SK) = neighbor. See cinar.
cirank’ JjI m.&f. (JBl-A) = neighbor. See cinar.
civan jlLo- (B) = young. See ciwan.
civani (B) = youth. See ciwani I.
co> (IFb/A/GF/OK) = canal. See cti I.
coht (TF) = pair; plow. See cot.
cohtk’ar (JBl-S) = farmer. See cot’k’ar.
cohtyar (JBl-S) = farmer. See cot’k’ar.
cok (GF/TF) = canal. See eft I.
col m. (-§; ). flock, herd, drove (of sheep): *Li
pala hember colek mih£n mor di mexeliy§
de bft (Lab, 11) On the slope opposite, a flock of
purple sheep was in the open-air pen. {also: [jol-e
d’miyana] (JJ); <col> (HH)] {syn; bir I[4];
keri II; suri; xar II] <Ar jawl = 'troop of horses,
herd of camels, flock of sheep' [Lab/K/A/IFb/JJ-PS/
HH/GF] cceleb II; pez>
colan f ( ye). 1) (syn: be§ik; bormotk (EP-7)?;
dara dergu§e/dergu§ [2]; landik) cradle, crib (K/F);
2 ) (syn: deydik; dolidang I; helekan; hezok] swing
(K/A/IFb). {also: colane (A/IF); colang (B/F)} Cf.
Sor colane = 'swinging cradle’ [F/K//A/IFb]
colane (A/IFb) = swing. See colan [2].
colang (B/F) = cradle. See colan [1],
comerd = generous; gentleman. See earner &
ciwam§r.
9
con (Bw/JJ) = gray/grey. See eftn I.
conega m. (). three-year-old calf (Wn/B§k);
young ox (SK); young bull (F). {also: ciwange (A);
conge (Wn); [djuvan-ga/djune-ga] (JJ);
<conega> (HH)) < ciwan = 'young' + ga =
'bull'; Cf. Sor cuwanega l= ’bull-calf
[B§k/F/HH/SK//Wn//A//JJ] <ga; golik; k’endik;
mozik>
conge (Wn) = calf, young ox. See conega.
coni l ni.(F/K/OK)/f.(B) ( ; /-y§). mortar (made
of stonef crucible: # [0 di eksered malan da
cuhni ft mftkut heye bi xwe dermani
diqutin ft g£ dikin] (BN 135) And in most
households there is a mortar and pestle [which they
use to] pound and make medicines, {also: cihoni
(Bw); [djohni] (JJ); <coni> (HH)] Sor
94
coni = 'stone mortar 1 (K2)
[Bw//JJ//F/K/IFb/B/HH/ GF/OK] <desteconi>
coni II (A) = colt. See cani.
•«
coqcoq m. (-e; ). turkey (fowl), zool.
Meleagris gallopavo. {also: goqgoq (Krg)) ( syn:
culux; 'elok; kurkur; §ami) [Mzg/IFb//Krg]
<miri§k>
cor I jjp. (IFb) = feedbag. See cuher.
cor II jjp. (SK) = type, kind. See cfire.
corik J jjp. (IF) = feedbag. See cuher.
cot/cot* [JBl-A] m . (K/B)/f.(JB3): (OK: [l[ m.;
[2[f.) (-&/ ; ). 1) pair, couple; count word for
paired items (e.g., shoes, eyes, hands, etc., cf. fer I,
kit, t’ek, for one of a pair) : •Jineke pir
hebUye ... cote gae we hebuye (J) There
was an old woman, she had a pair of oxen;
2 ) {syn: halet; k’otan) plow, plough: *Bave min
gil cot (AB) My father went to plough; -cot
ajotin (JJ)/cot kirin = to plow {syn: k’elan):
•Cotk’ar ... cote xwe dike (Dz) The farmer ...
plows; -cot vekirin (JJ) to unyoke [oxen from the
plow], [also: coht (TF); cut (IFb-2); [djot] (JJ);
<cot> (HH)1 [Pok. 2. ieu- 508.] ’to join' &
[Pok. 2. iu-go-m 508.] ’yoke’: Old Ir & Av yuxta-;
P joft o—> T gift; Sor cut oj^>; Za cit m. = 'pair
or team of oxen’ (Todd); Hau hite f. (M4)
[Ba2/F/J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/OK]
<[l] fer I; kit; t’ek; [2] destedu; gisin; hincar; k’elan;
mijane; nir I; sermijank; §urik; xenike; xep>
cot’ik’ar jlSjip. (JBl-A) = farmer. See cot’k’ar.
cot’iyar jLnp. (JBl-A) = farmer. See cot’k’ar.
cot’k’ar jlSSja. m. (-e; ). farmer, ploughman; peasant:
•Cotk’ar ... cote xwe dike (Dz) The farmer ...
plows, [also: cohtk’ar (JBl-S); cohtyar (JBl-S);
cot’ik’ar (JBl-A); cot’iyar (JBl-A); cot’yar (K);
[djotkar] JSSy* (JJ); <c[o]tyari> (HH)) i syn:
rencber) Cf. T giftgi; Sor cutdar J jj^p/cutkar
jlSj-^/cutyar jL^p; Za citer m./f (Todd)
{cot’k’ari; cot’yari) [BX/F/K/A/
JB3/IFb/B/JJ//JBl-A&S//HH] <cot; p’ale>
cot’k’ari ^jlSjjp. f. ( ;-y@). being a farmer or peasant.
[also: cot’yari (K); [djotkari] ^(SSjp (JJ))
[K//IFb/B/JJ] <cot’k’ar>
Cotmeh f. ( ;-e). October. [(neol)Wlt] <£iri>
cot’yar jLjjp (K) = farmer. See cot’k’ar.
cot’yari (K) = being a farmer or peasant. See
cot’k’ari.
coxin <j-p.jp f (-a; ). threshing floor: • Biray e
mazin te fikiriye coxina xo, wi bi xo
gotev xo, "Ez de gi li hinde genimey
kem?" (M-Ak #597) The elder brother considered
his threshing-floor and said to himself, "What shall I
do with so much wheat?" [also: cuxin (OK/AA);
[djokhin j^p^p/djoghin <jj^p] (JJ); <coxin> <j-pjp
(Hej)) [syn: bender) [M-Ak/IFb/JJ/GF/Hej//OK/AA]
coy (jg .p (Kg) = sister-in-law. See cayi.
cuda )jp. adj. separate, {also: cida; cihe; [djuda] I jo.
(JJ); <cuda>]jp (HH)) <0 Ir *yuta- (A&L p. 84 [IV,
2] + 93 [XVI]): Av yuta-; Mid P yudak (Tsb2, 9); P
juda Ijo.; Sor ciya Lp/cwe (co) (cudati;
cudayi) [JR/F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK/Ba2/JBl-A] See
also cihe.
cudati (K) = separateness. See cudayi.
• t
cudaxwaz jlp-ljp. m.&f. (). separatist, irredentist,
secessionist: *Cudaxwaz, di ferhenga
dijminen azadiye de, her Kurdeki ku
dixwaze u dixebite ji bo Kurdistaneke
serbixwe u azad (Wit 2:73, p.7) Separatist,
in the lexicon of the enemies of freedom, [is]
every Kurd who wants and works for a free and
independent Kurdistan, ccuda = 'separate' +
xwaz- (<xwestin) = ’want(er)' (cudaxwazi)
[(neol)Wlt]
cudaxwazi ^jhpdjjp f. (-ya; ). separatism, .
irredentism, secessionism: *Sebeba ku§tina
te, weke qatilan bi xwe dan zanin
sSparatizma (cudaxwaziya) te bfi (Wit 2:73,
p.7) The reason for your murder, as the murderers
themselves have announced, was your [support of]
separatism. [(neol)Wlt] <cudaxwaz>
cudayi ^b^p f (). separateness, {also: cudati (K);
[djudai] (JJ)) [K//JJ] <cuda>
cuhab <pl%p (GF) = answer; news. See cab.
cubal Jl%p (SK) = sack. See gewal.
cuheni (L) = colt. See cani.
• •
cuher m. (-§; ). feedbag, nosebag, bag of oats
or barley hung over a horse’s head: -ceh H cihir
(IS)/[djeh djouhour] ^pp *p (JJ) feedbag of barley:
•Xec§ hesp@ wi gire da, ceh ft cihir kir (IS-
#123) Khej tied up his horse [and] gave him a
feedbag of barley, [also: ciher (GF-Bot/RF); cihir
(IS); cor I (IFb); corik (IF-2); cur (Zeb); [djuhour
/jehor (PS)/giori (G)] (JJ); <cuher> _>*p (HH))
[IS//IF/HH/GF//IFb//RF//JJ//Zeb] <cendik; gewal;
tur I>
95
c
cuhi (j&n* (JB3) = Jew. See cihft.
••
cuhu = Jew. See cihft.
culftx f (-a; ). turkey (fowl), zool. Meleagris
gallopavo. {also: cilftq (Rh); culftq (Kr§)} { syn:
coqcoq; 'elok; kurkftr; §ami) [Ag//Rh//Kr§]
<miri§k>
Cuma (K) = Friday; week. See Cume.
Cum© f. ().l) {syn: Ini} Friday; 2 ) {syn: fiefte I;
ini} week (JJ); 3) man’s name, {also: Cuma (K);
[djume] (JJ)} < P jom'eh < Ar jum'ah
= week, Friday'; Sor cum’e [F/IF/JJ//K]
cunih^^v (GF) = mace, club. See ciniR.
cunuR .(Qzl) = mace, club. See ciniR.
cur j 43 . (Zeb) = feedbag. See cuher.
cur© f. (). argument, disagreement: *Em bi
§anazi ft serbilindi dibejin di gu cire ft
hevrrikiy§t navxoyS da heta kemtirin
behr ji teda nebftye (R 15 [4/12/96] p. 2 ) We
can proudly say that we had not even the slightest
part in any internal arguments or rivalries, {also:
cite (R); cire-cir (IFb); <cire-cir> >> 0 >>. (Hej)} (syn:
cerenix; de’w II; doz; gelem§e; gel§; k’e§mek’e§;
k’e§e} < Ar Vj-r-r = 'to puli’ [Zeb//R//Hej//IFb]
curet 00 ^ /. (). courage, bravery, fearlessness, {also:
[djurat] o1 ^ (JJ)} (syn: cameri) Cf. P jur’at ol
< Ar jur’ah [JR/K/F/JJJ
cuwan (A/HH) = young. See ciwan.
cuwanmer = generous; courteous. See earner &
ciwamer.
cuxin (OK/AA) = threshing floor. See coxin.
eft 1^ f. (-wa; ). 1) {also: co (IFb/A/GF/OK); cok
(GF-2/TF)} irrigation trench, canal, channel: # coa
beg! (M-Zx) the Beg's channel *011 tiji av e (AB)
The canal is full of water; 2) ground hole of
weaving loom (A/IFb) [cu] [T dokuma
tezgahmdaki yer gukuru]. {also: cew; [djeou/djou]
(JJ); <cu>^ (HH)} Sor co> = ’canal’
[AB/JJ/HH//A/IFb/GF/ OK//TF] <k’afez> See also
cew.
cu II(A/SK) = Jew. See cihft.
cuab (Z-2) = answer; news. See cab.
efteik m./f. ( /-a; /-£). chick, young of birds:
-efteika dile fk-e qetin (Z-l) ?to be
heartbroken; ?to be terribly embarrassed; ?to be
frightened: • [Mem was in prison, and he looked a
mess; when Zin saw him like this] Meme geleki
§erm kir ft ber xwe k’et. Tey@ bigota,
efteika dile Meme qetiya (Z-l) M. was very
much ashamed and upset. You might say, the
young bird of M.'s heart split; -T’aba [t’apa]
cucikeke teda t’une/nemaye (XF) He is very
1
weak [lit. ’the strength of a young bird is not in
him’], {also: [djudjik] (JJ)} {syn: g’elik; varik)
[Z-l/K/IF/B/JJ/XF] <cewr; geje>
eftg f ( ). "knucklebones” (k’ap II) that are
smooth [§ayik] on the ends. [Qzl] <k’ap II>
cuhalk’ (JBl-A) = sack. See gewal.
cuhi (YSZx) = Jew. See cihft.
• •
culuq (Kr§) = turkey (fowl). See culftx.
cun I adj. gray/grey. {also: con (Bw); [djun]
(JJ); <cftn> (HH)} (syn: bor I[l]; boz; gewr [ 1 ];
kew II} [K/(A)/IFb/HH/GF/OK//Bw/JJ]
cun II (BX/K/IFb/M) = to chew. See efttin.
cur I 111. (-§; ). unripe grapes [T koruk, Ar
hisrim P yure QJ3 ^]. [also: jftr (Haz/GF); <jur>
J3 j (HH)} {syn: besire; harsim; *§ilur (IF)} Cf. P yure
^ [Msr/RF//Haz/HH/GF] <tiri>
cur II JJJ5 ^ (GF/TF) = type, kind. See eftre.
cftf*e 111. (•e; # eyi). 1 ) {syn: cins; reng) type,
{syn: awa; celeb I; t’eher} way, manner: -vi
eftreyi (K)/bi wi eftreyi (Z-l) in this way or
manner, [also: cor II (SK); cur II (GF/TF)} Cf. P jure
oSor cor jjp.
[Z-l/K/JB3/IFli/I3/OK//GF/TF// SK|
cut 033 ^ (IFb) = pair; plow. See cot.
cutin vt. (-eft-). to chew, [also: cun II (BX/K-
2 /IFb- 2 /M); cuyin (BK); cuyin (B/IFb- 2 ); [djouin
Qi^Jdjoun (j*?.] (JJ); ccutin qJj#. (dicu)
(HH)} [Pok. g(i)eu- 400.] ’to chew': O Ir *jyav- (Tsb
41): P javldan Sor cun[ewe] (-cu-)
/cawin[ewe] (-caw-); Za cawena [cawiti§]
(Srk); cf. also Rus zevat' )KeBaTB; Germ kauen; O
Eng ceowan; Eng chew [A/JB3/IFb/HH//BX/K/M//
JJ//B//BK] <k’ayin>
cuyin (BK) = to chew. See efttin.
cuyin (B/IFb) = to chew. See efttin.
cuzan (Rnh/JJ) = razor. See gftzan.
ewan (M-Ak) = beautiful. See ciwan [ 2 ].
czaret 00 (EH) = punishment; trouble. See
cezaret.
96
ga I G m. (). 1 ) { syn : cew) brook, stream (K/A/Haz);
2) { 5712 : g’em) river (K/IF). Cf. T gay = 'brook'
[Haz/IF/A/K]
ga II G (Bw) = tea. See gay.
ga III G (Z-920) = how. See gawa.
gadir jjG /. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: garik [2]; gar§ev [l];
p’erde; pege) veil, chador (worn by Muslim
women) (F/K); 2) {syn: kon; xevet) tent
(K/A/JB3/IF/B): •Pire da ser deste xwe, gft
ber gadira Xece (IS-#265) The old woman took
it in her hands and went to Khej’s tent, {also:
[tchadir] j^G (JJ); <gadir> jjG (HH)) Cf. P cador
_pG = 'veil'—> T gadir = 'tent'; & P catr = 'tent'
[F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH) <[1 ] hezar; xeli I; [2] kon>
gai ^G (F) = tea. See gay.
gair ^G (J) = meadow. See cayr.
gaki ( jU r f. ( ;-ye). goodness, a favor: »Ma kengi
«■
sultane Istembolft nanek daye te, kem yan
zor gakiyek digel te kiriye? (SK 17:161)
When has the Sultan of Istanbul ever given you a
loaf, or done you any good, great or small? {also:
gakiti (GF-2)) {syn: ba§i; qenci; xer 1} Sor gaki^/G
[K/A/IFb/SK/GF/TF/AD]
gakiti ^^SG. (GF) = goodness. See gaki.
••
gakftg/gakftg’ [B-2] m. (-e; ). hammer, {also:
[tchakoutch] g*5G (}}); <gakug> gjG (HH)) Cf. Ar
sakus P cakos jiiG; T gekig; Sor geku§
Za gakftg m. (Todd) [F/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH]
<bizmar; geran II; k’utik I; mek’ut; mire; zomp>
g’al II JG /. (-a;-§). ditch, pit, hole; well: •Qa.l tiji
zad e (AB) The pit is full of grain/food; -dev§
gal& (L) the mouth of the pit. {syn: goncal; k’ort)
Y
Sor gai JU. = 'deep depression, hollow, hole, pit,
ditch'; Hau gaie f. (M4) [AB/K/A/JB3] <bir II>
galaki /. (). 1) {syn: lebat I; livbazi) activity;
action; 2) quickness, agility (K/TF).
[Wlt/K/A/IFb/GF/TF] <gapiki>
galapk «JL^G (TF) = crawling on all fours. See garlepi
[ 1 ].
galep’i[ya] [L]^JL (B/F) = on all fours. See garlepi
[ 2 ].
gand jjU /. (-a;-e). culture: •... Parastin,
pe§vagftn ft dewlemendkirina gand ft
literatftra Kurden Sovyet§ ... (Ber) The
protection, advancement, and enrichment of the
culture and literature of the Kurds of the Soviet
Union •Zimane kurdi de ve deme da dibe
zimaneki resmi ft bi ganda kurdi va hevra
destpedike, p&§ta dige (Ber) The Kurdish
language became an official language at that time,
and together with Kurdish culture it began to
advance. (a7so: gande (IFb-2)) [(neol)Ber/IFb/OK]
gandayi ^IjjG (IFb) = cultural. See gandi.
• 9
gande oajG (IFb) = culture. See gand.
gandeyi ^ojjG (IFb) = cultural. See gandi.
• •
gandin jjjG vt. (-gin-/-gin-[Bj). 1) to sow, plant
(seeds) : »Min bistanek gandiye (SK 21:193) I
have planted a garden »Wan stiri gandin,
xiyala wan ew bft de tiri ginin (SK 48:511)
They planted thorns, thinking to reap grapes; 2) to
cultivate (land) ; 3) [f. ()•] planting: »Tu bo gi
zira’eta xelki dixoy ft xirab dikey? Ma
xelki ew gandine bo te kiriye? (SK 4:52)
Why do you eat what people sow and spoil it?
Have people done this planting for you, then?; 4)
agriculture (IFb/RZ). See gandini. {also:
[tchandin] (JJ); <gandin ^jjG (digine)
(HH)) [Pok. 2. k^ei- 637.] 'to pile up, to
gather, put in order 1 : O Ir *kay- (Tsb 43-4): Av
*kay- (pres. cinav-/cinv-/cin-) = 'to select,
exchange, distinguish'; Sor gandin jjjG (gen) = ’to
sow' [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/BK] <ginin>
gandini ^.^G /. ( ;-y§). agriculture, {also: gandin
[4] (IFb-2/RZ-2); <gandini> ^ajG (HH)) =Sor ki§t ft
kai Jir 3 [Kmc-16/K/A/IFb/HH/TF/OK/RZ]
gandi ^ajG adj. l) cultural: »doza maf§n
kurdan ft ... mafen wi yen gandi (AW 1:36,
p.9) the issue of Kurdish rights and ... its [=that
people's] cultural rights; 2) sown, planted (B). {also:
gandayi (IFb-2); gandeyi (IFb-2)) [Ber/B/GF//IFb] ■
gante <ujG (RZ) = satchel. See cente.
gan u rex^-oj^jG (Zeb)) = circumference. See gar
rex.
gap I V G /. (-a;-&). 1) unit of measure for grain
(A/K); grain measure known in Turkish as §inik
[=quarter bushel, 10 liters, (8 kg.?)] (IF); grain
measure used in Van (HH); 2) quantity, amount:
-gap kirin (B) to measure out. {also: <gap> yL
(HH)) Cf. T gap = 'diameter; caliber; size, scale’
[K/A/IF/HH]
gap II yG /. (). impression; print(ing); publication: -
gap kirin (A/IF/JJ) to print; to publish, {also:
97
[tchap] yL (JJ)} {syn: negir) Cf. P cap <_>G.; Sor gap
yU- [F/K/(A)/IF/JJ] <we§an II; gapxane>
gapameni ^^LG. (TF) = press. See gapemeni.
■ #
gapemeni ^^ajG. f (-ya;-ye). the press, \also:
*•
gapameni (TF)) Sor gapemeni = ’printed
publications; the press' (K3) [(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF//TF]
<gap II; kovar; rojname>
gapik GjG. adj. lively, active, full of life and motion;
quick, {syn: geleng [5]; gust) (gapikayi; gapiki)
[K/B]
gapikayi ^GSG. (B) = liveliness. See gapiki.
gapiki ^G. f. (). liveliness, being active and full of
life, {also: gapikayi (B)) [K//B] <galaki>
gapxan»e «oGuG. f. ( # eya/*a;*e). printing house,
publisher, {also: [tchap-khane] (JJ)) {syn;
negirxane) Cf. P capxane «uG*>G.; Sor gapxane
[F/K/JB3/JJ] <gap II; we§anxane>
gar I jG. num. Q, four, 4. [also: [tchar] Jj> (JJ); <gar>
jU- (HH)) [Pok. k w etwer- 642.] ’four’: Skt catur
[catvarah etc .]; O Ir *ca0varah: Av ca0var-/catur-
[f. Cataiar-] (in compounds ca0ru-); Mid P cahar
(M3); Parthian cafar; P Cahar Sor gar
jU./guwar Za gihar (Todd); Hau guar (M4);
• m
cf.aiso Arm c‘ors ^npu [c‘orek‘ ^nph^]; Rus
Cetyre qerape [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
JB1-A&S/GF/TF] <garek>
gara 1 jU adj . fourth, {also: garan (K-2/IF/BX); garani
(K-2); garem (A/IF-2); garemin (IF-2); gare (JBl-
A/SK/M-Ak); gariye (JBl-S); gari (IF-2); garum
(K[s]); [carari ^jljG/eCarari jljGd/chare ^G^Rh.)]
aj)} Cf. P caharom Sor guwarem[in]
[^1-°jW; Za QiKarin (Todd) [F/K/B//IF/BX/JJ//
A//JBl-A/SK/M-Ak//JBl-S] <gar I>
garan (K/IF/BX/JJ) = fourth. See gara.
garani ^GG. (K) = fourth. See gara.
gargeve (F/K[s]) = frame. See gargove.
gargik GGjG f. (). 1) square; 2) [adj.] square,
quadrilateral: • KevirSn re§ ft spi en garnigik
li ser rftye erde ji paqijiye dibiriqin (FH 8)
The black and white square stones on the ground
sparkled immaculately [lit. ’with cleanliness'], {also:
garging (GF-2); garnigik (FH)) garnigik may be
influenced by garnikal [FH//K/A/IFb/GF/TF/RZ]
garging (GF) = square. See gargik.
gargive ‘Gb.jG (IFb/TF/OK) = frame. See gargove.
♦ •
gargive >jl> (OK) = frame. See gargove.
gargope (OK) = frame. See gargove.
gargove <uya.jG f. (-ya; ). frame, framework: ®Di
nav gargoveya qanftnen Almanya de
wezifeyen Heyva Sor wiha t£n rSzkirin...
(Wit 2:59, p.4) Within the framework of the
German legal system [lit. 'the laws of Germany'] the
duties of the Red Crescent can be outlined as
follows... {also: gargeve (F/K[s]); gargive
(IFb/TF/OK-2); gargive (OK); gargope (OK-2)} [syn:
perwaz) <P carcub(eh) CSor gwargewe
[Wlt//F/K(s)//IFb/TF//OK]
garde <ojG (K/A/JB3/SK) = fourteen. See gardeh.
gardeh AojjG num. f. ( ;-e). fourteen, 14: -heyva
gardehe (BX) the moon on the 14th [of the lunar
month] (proverbial expression of beauty) {also:
garde§eve (JB3/K)) »Riw£ te ji heyva gardehe
rew§entir e (BX) Your face is brighter than the
moon on the 14th [of the lunar month], {also: garde
(K/A/JB3); deh u gar (Ad/Krg/Bg); [tchardeh] ojjG
(JJ); <garde[h]> 0 jjG (HH)} Gf. P cahardah oj
Sor guwarde Za garres/desugehar (Todd);
♦
Hau guarde (M4)
[F/IF/B/JJ/HH//K/A/JB3/SK//Ad/Krg/Bg]
garde§eve ^'^oJjG (). the moon on the 14th [of
♦ ♦
the lunar month] (proverbial expression of beauty),
{syn: heyva gardehe (BX)) [K/JB3]
gardexwar f (-a; ). type of pistol (which
holds 14 bullets). [Bw/Dy] <debange>
g’ar*e ojG fJm.(SK) (•a/*eya[Wlt]/;»e/). l)
remedy, cure, help; solution: •Dibejin di
nihalekida riwiek hebft. ... bazeberek
hebu, riwi le derbaz dibu her wexte hez
kiriba. ... Marek ji di nihal§da hebft.
9
Nedi§ya li bazeberi derbaz bibit. Zor hez
dikir ew ji weki riwi hat-u-gone biket, gu
gare nedit (SK 2:9) They say that there was a fox
(living) in a ravine. ... There were stepping-stones
and the fox crossed over whenever he liked. ...
There was also a snake in that ravine. He could
not cross over the stepping-stones. He very much
wanted to come and go like the fox, but could see
no solution ; 2) means (K/B/JB3/IF); way out of a
difficult situation (K/B): »(Jak ewe em her do
xo tecribe bikeyn, qemi gareyeki bikeyn,
bi§kinin (SK 6:66) It would be best for us both to
try and see if we can’t somehow manage to rend it;
3) possibility (K/A); 4) {syn: guman (F); hevi; iman
(F); itbar (F); omid (F)) hope (F/B): •Ewe k’esib
bftn, g’ara wan bizinek bft, ew§ ji gura
98
<
xwar (B) They were poor, their only hope was a
goat, and the wolves ate it »g’ara min (B) my
hope, my dear (form of address for children and
loved ones) . [also: g’ar (B); [tchare] QJ G (}}); <gare>
ojG (HH)) Cf. P care ojG = 'remedy'—> T gare
[F/K/A/JB 3/IF/JJ/HH//B]
garek GojG (IFb/JJ/GF) = a fourth. See garek.
garem ^ojG (A/IF) = fourth. See gara.
garemin jG (IF) - fourth. See gara.
garep’eli ^^JGojG (B) = on all fours. See garlepi [2].
gareser Jt u*ojG /. (). solution (to a problem) : -
gareser bun (IFb) to be solved: *...u hemu
pirsgirek gareser bibin (Wll 1:35, p.5) ...and
all the problems will be solved: -gareser kirin
(IFb/TF) to solve: »Helbet tukes formuleke
vekiri ji bo gareserkirina probleman je
naxwaze, bes qet nebe tesbitkirina
sebeben wan pewist e (Wit 1:30, p.n)
Obviously no one is asking for a formula for
solving problems, but at least their causes should
be identified. Cf. Sor gareser j^djG = 'means of
escape'; 'remedy, cure (EM)’ f(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF]
<g’are>
gare ^jG (}Bl-A/SK/M-Ak/JJ[Rh]) = fourth. See gara.
garek bjG f. (-a;-e). a fourth, one-quarter, 1/4:
•£areka (garyeka) zeviya xo de deme te
(AR, 288) I will give you a quarter of my field.
[also: garek (IFb-2/GF-2); garik II (CT); garyek (K-
2/A/IFb/GF/TF/BX/CT-2); [tcharik/charak
(Rh)/ciahrek (G)] GjG (JJ); <gar[ye]k> JLyG (HH)|
Cf. P carak GjG/car-yak G->jG/cahar-yak
Sor garek GojG (Sulaimania & Kerkuk) /garek
JGjG (Arbil) [Zeb/AR/K/B//CT//A/IFb/HH/GF/
TF/BX//JJ]
gargav «Jl/,G f (). gallop: »Min hespe xwe da
gargavi (GF) I made my horse gallop; -gargavi
kirin (K) to gallop. 1 also: gargavi (K-2/IFb-
2/GF/TF); [tchargaw] JL£G (Jf)) [syn:bi I) <gar =
'4' + gav = 'step, pace': cf. T dorlnal
[Zeb/Hk/K/IFb/JJ//GF/TF]
gargavi (K/IFb/GF/TF) = gallop. See gargav.
gargayi ^IfjG ad;, consisting of four (4) bulls or
oxen: »Cote me gargayiye (AB) Our plough is a
four-bull plough ("a four-buller"). [AB]
garhilqe <aLfc,G adv. all around, from all sides; from
everywhere: • (garhilqe meri hatibun (B)
People came from every which way *Min
garhilqS xwe nh§ri (EH) I looked about in
every direction *Vira garhilqe ave (B) In every
direction there is water [=We are surrounded by
water], [syn: garnikar) [EH/K/B]
garik GjG f(IF/JB3)/m.(K) (). 1) {syn; meles (Srk);
terhi (Haz)l fine muslin or gauze, used for women's
headdress (Haz); women's headdress (IF); headband
in the form of a long piece of cloth, wrapped
around a headdress (K); 2) { also: garik I (K)} [syn;
gadir [1]; gar§ev [l]; p’erde; pege) (woman's) veil
(K/JB3). ( Ha z- va I Icy/K/JB 3 / IF } <doxe; hezar; xeli 1>
garix^-jG (Z/K/IFb/B/GF) - peasant shoe. See garox.
gariye ^>.jG (JBl-S) = fourth. See gara.
••
gari (IF) = fourth. See gara.
• •
garik I GjjG (K) = woman's veil. See garik [2].
garik II GjjG (CT) = a fourth. See garek.
garlep jG (GF) = crawling on all fours. See garlepi
[ 1 ].’
garlepi ^ JjG f. (). 1) [also: galapk (TF); garlep (GF))
• •
crawling on all fours: -bi galepiya (F)/[bi
garlepi] (JR) on all fours; 2) [adv.] { also: galep 5 i[ya]
(B/F); garep’eli (B-2); garlepki (IFb); [tchar-lepi
jG/tchar-lepik «sLJjGJ (JJ)} on all fours, on
one’s hands and knees: •[Dfimo §e§xaney§
digrite deste xo u bi garlepi devartiyi
weku kelban disurike] (JR #27, p.80) Dumo
takes his revolver into his hand and crawls on all
fours like a dog [lit. ’like dogs']; -garlepki gtin
(IFb) to crawl on one’s hands and knees.
[JR/K/JJ//GF//IFb//TF//F/B] <devefu>
garlepki ^<0jG (IFb) = on all fours. See garlepi [2].
garmergi CS GG J G adv. (sitting) cross-legged:
• •
-garmergi vedan (Msr)/garmirgi runi§tin (K)
to sit crosslegged [also: garmerkani (SK-Ak);
garmerki (SK/*A); garmirgi (K); [tchar-mirghi]
C5 C- j G (JJ)) Sor guwarme§qi
jl^/guwarmerdeki j!^; Hau
guarmerde (M4) [Msr//A//K/JJ] <qelefiski>
garmerkani ^ISS-GjG (SK-Ak) = (sitting) cross-legged.
See garmergi.
garmerki (SK/*A) = (sitting) cross-legged. See
garmergi.
garmirgi (J j% J G (K/JJ) = (sitting) cross-legged. See
• •
garmergi.
garnigik «iGyjG (FH) = square. See gargik.
garnikal JISjjG (B) = four sides; on all [four] sides. See
garnikar.
garnikar jlSJjG [pi.]. 1) [syn: gar rex) all four sides:
• Di bajareki ava ft garnikarSn wi bi giyan
99
c
dorgirti de (SW) In a prosperous city whose four
sides are surrounded by mountains (^surrounded
on all four sides by mountains) •Rabiln, gun,
tefti§a Kale Silemani biken, Qederek! Ii
garnikaret gundi geryan (SK 10:100) They got
up and went to find what was wrong with
Sulaiman. For a while they went all about the
village; 2) [adv.] \syn: garhilqe) all around, on all
sides, in every direction [Lat. undique]; 3) [adv.]
on all four sides, [also: garnikal (B)) [SW/K//B]
garox p^jG /. ( ;-e). peasant shoe or sandal made of
leather: *Ti§tek heye, ko gire didim dige,
ko divekim disekine [garox] (L-I, #11, p.232)
There is something, which if I tie it, it goes; if I
open it, it stops [rdl.: ans.: peasant shoe] =
•Vedikim nage, giredidim dige. Ew giye?
[garix] (Z-1820) I open it, it doesn’t go, I tie it, it
goes. What is it? [rdl.: ans: peasant shoe], i also:
garix (Z/K/IFb/B/GF-2); [tcharokh/charukh (Rh)]
^jjG (JJ); <garux> ^jG (HH)} { syn: k’alik II) < T
garik [L/H/GF/TF/OK//HH//Z/K/IFb/B] <§irox>
gar rex jG f./pl. (-a/ ; ). circumference, all four
sides: -gar rexi ft-i geran (PS) to
circumambulate, walk around the circumference of
(a bldg, or city): •[Ez gum, min dit / qesrek, garrexi
qesre gerham] (PS 333, p. 93, 11. 13-14) I went, I
saw a castle, I walked all around the castle; -gar
rexi ft-i girtin (PS) to surround: •[Kika garrexe
Bozo girtiye] (PS 42, p. 221, 1. 222) The Kika
(tribe) surrounded Bozo; -di Tex u gana ft-i
zivirin (Zeb)/li gar rexa zivirin (JBl-A) to
surround; to walk all around stg.: «Dere we ve
kir u here xo daye u li gar rexa ziviri (JBl-
A, #26) She opened its door and took a look at it
and walked all around it. { also: gan u rex (Zeb); fex
u gan (Zeb); rex u gar (Hk); [car rax (JJ-PS)/ca:rehi
(PS)] (JJ)| {syn: garnikar)
[Zeb/(OK)//IFb/JJ-PS/JBl-A//Hk]
garsed j<u*jG/garsed j<w>jG [SK] num. four
• *
hundred, 400. {also: garsid (B)) Av caBwaro sata;
P Cahar sad Sor gwarsed
[K/A/JB1-S//SK//B]
garsid jG (B) = four hundred. See garsed.
gar§ef = veil; fabric; sheet; shroud. See
*
gar§ev.
Car§em ^jG f./m.(JBl-A) ( ;-e/). Wednesday.
{also: gar§emb (JB3/IF); gar§embi, m. (JBl-A);
[tcharchem] ^jG (JJ); <gar§[e]m> ^jG (HH)) Cf. P
cahar§ambe —> T gar§amba; Sor
guwar§em[m]e j
• •
gar§eme (Todd) IF/K/A/B/Jj/Rh//IB3/IF//HH//JB1-A]
£ar§emb ^a-ijG (JB3/IF) = Wednesday. See Car§em.
Car§embi ^^ccuijG, m. (JBl-A) = Wednesday. See
m *
Car§em.
gar§ev *J<jl£jG f ( ;-e). 1 ) {syn: gadir [1]; garik [2];
p’erde; pege) veil, chador (worn by Muslim
women) (K/JJ); 2) (sra:p’erge [3]) fabric, cloth;
canvas, sackcloth (K); 3) {svn: sipig’al) sheet,
bedsheet (K/IF/JJ); 4) {syn: kefen (F)} shroud,
cerement (K/JJ). {also: gar§ef; gar§ew; [tcharcheb
^jG/ tcharchaf ^jGjG] (JJ); <gar§eb> (HH))
• • •
Cf. Ar sarsaf ijuz T gar§af = ’sheet’; Hau ga[r]§ue /.’
= ’bridal dress' (M4) [EP-7/K/IF/B//JJ/HH] chezar;
xeli I>
gargew j<x2:jG = veil; fabric; sheet; shroud. See gar§ev.
garuin ^jG (K[s]) = fourth. See gara.
garyek G^.jG (K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/BX/CT) = a fourth.
See garek.
g’av «JG m. (-6; g’ev, vi g’avi). eye:
-anin/xistin ber g ; ava[n] (K) to be noticed,
come to s.o.'s attention; -g’av k’etin [+li] = to
notice, see, to lay/set eyes on: »Eva neziki gil
roj u gil §eviye, ez re tern, he g’e’ve min
li 'evd u isana nek’etye (EP-7) It’s been
almost 40 days and 40 nights that I’ve been on the
road, I haven’t yet laid eyes on a human being
•Wezir, go te li miclise, gav li teyr dikeve
(L) When the vizier comes to the assembly, he
notices the bird flit. 'His eye falls on lhe bird'] ;
-g’av li fk-e bhn = to keep an eye on s.o.:
•Qlave te li min be (L) Keep an eye on me [lit.
'Your eye should be on me']; -g’av li Te bun = to
wait for [lit. 'to have one's eye on the road'] [Cf. Sor
gawre]: »Cave we li re ye (L) She waits [lit. 'Her
eye is on the road’]: -g’aved xwe ji ft-i nebifin
(Ba2) not to take one’s eyes off stg.; -g’avSt xwe
germ kirin (Bw)/~ nerm kirin (Qzl) to take a
nap; -ser g’ave min = all right, gladly, with
pleasure! [lit. ’on my eye[s]’]. {also: gaw (SK); gev I
(F-2); g’e’v II (B/Ba/J/Z/EP); [tchaw] jG (JJ); <gav
ft
tjG/ge’v J»> (HH)) [Pok. kuek-s- 638.] 'to
• •
appear; to see; to show': 'Skt caks- = 'see, speak'; O
Ir *casman- (Ras, p. 135 & 211): Av cabman-; O P
casa- {nom.-acc. casma] (Kent); Pahl casm; P dasm
Sor gaw^G; Za gem m. (Mai); Hau gem m.
(M4); See Ras, p.211 for more.
100
[F/K/ A/JB 3/IFb/JJ/HH/JB l-A&S/GF/TF/
OK//B/Ba/J/Z/EP//SK] <bibiq; bijang; biru;
damirandin; migandin; niqandin I; re§ik I>
g’avderi ^GG'Gy f. (-ya; ). observation; surveillance;
supervision; attention: *Ez ... tim di bin
gavderiya (observasyon) polls de bfim (Ber
#7, p.9) I ... was always under the surveillance of
the police. ( syn :*didevani; nerevani; zerevani) Cf.
Sor gawderi = ’supervision, attention'
[(neol)Ber/JB3/IF/GF] <didevani>
g’avik JiG f. (-a; ). eyeglasses, spectacles, [also:
g’avink, m. (K) obsolescent, [tchawink] GGG (JJ);
<gavik> JiG (HH)} {syn: berg’avk}
[Msr/A/IF/HH//K/JJ]
gavini ^yi'G (IFb) = evil eye. See g’avin.
g’avin ^ f. (). the evil eye: -gavin bun
(Zeb)/gavini bun (IFb) to be smitten by the evil
eye: »Da gavin nebit (Zeb) Touch wood! *Gae
me gavini bu (IFb) Our cow was smitten by the
evil eye; -gavin kirin (A/JJ-G) to smite s.o. with
the evil eye, to tempt the evil eye. [also: gavini
(IFb); [ciavin kem] ^JG (JJ)} {svn: nezer(2]) Sor
gawini ^G fZeb/A/JJ-G/OK//IFb]
Wm
g’avink GGG, ni. (K/JJJ = spectacles <obsolescent>.
See g’avik.
g’avinok -JyGG ni.&f. (). s.o. with the evil eye.
[also: <gavinok Gj-GG/gavker j*£G> (HH);
<gavinok> GyGG (Hej)} [A/IFb/HH/Hej] <g'avin>
g’avkani ^ilSG f. ( ;-ye), 1) [svn: avze (A/JB3/IF);
kani; selef) spring, source (K); permanent springs of
water or ones that dry up in the summer (IF): 2)
resource (e.g., natural resource) : *Hergiqas av ji
bo hemh jindaran gavkaniyeke bingehm
be ji, Tro di deste miroven “hemdem” de
wek pergaleke ji hole rakirina berhemen
diroke te bi kar anin (Wit 1:21, p.16)
Although water is a basic resource for all living
things, today it is being used by "modern" man as
an instrument for destroying historical artifacts; 3)
[syn: jeder; kan) origin, source (fig.) : •Li gor hin
gavkaniyen ewlekar (Wit 1:49, p.3) According
to reliable sources, [also: gVvkani (B); [tchaw-i
kani] ^ITjG (JJ)} [Z-2/K/IFb//B//JJ] <kani>
gav kesper JG (Xrz) = blue-eyed. See
v "•
k’esper.
g’avnas ^UG adj. acquainted, familiar (with):
-g’avnas li /f-f btin (Ba3) to become acquainted
with (stg.), to familiarize o.s. with: *Here li
xezne u hebuna min bive g’avnas (Ba3-3,
#1) Go familiarize yourself with my treasures and
belongings. <g’av = 'eye' + nas = 'acquainted with'
[Ba3]
g’avnebari ^jb^GG f. (). envy: -le g’avnebari
• 9
kirin = to envy: *Lema ji ew§ g’e’vnebari li
wi dikir (Ba) Therefore she envied him. [also:
g’e’vnebahari (XF); g’e’vnebari (Ba/B); g’e’vnebarti
(B-2)} [syn: g’avre^i; lievsudi) Cf. Rus nenavist’
HeHaBHCTb = hatred [’unable to look at']
[F/K/IFb//XF//B/Ba] <dexesi; k’umfe§t>
gavneri (JB3/IFb/GF/OK) = waiting. See
g’avniheri.
g’avniheri (SJ l^[= fr f.(K/JB3/IF)/m.(Z-l) (-ya/-ye;
-ye/ ). 1) waiting, anticipation, expectation:
• C’e’vniheriye fiya Qeret’ajdin u bira bun
(Z-l) They were waiting for [the arrival of) Q. and
[his] brothers; -gavneriya fk-T kirin (IFb) to wait
for s.o. [svn: li benda fk-e man; g’av li re bun;
hevlye man; pan; sekinin): *Em ep 5 @ce wext
g’avniheriya wana bun (Ba2:2, p.205) We
waited for tbem for quite some time; 2) [adj.]
waiting, in anticipation of: # Em g 5 e 5 vnih§riy§
tene (B) We're waiting for you. [also: gavneri
(JB3/IFb/GF/OK); g’e’vniheri (B/Z-l)) Sor
gaweruwan ^jljj^G/gawenuwar jI^jojG (Sinne)
[Z-l/B//K//JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
g 5 avfe§i /. (). 1) envy: -g’avre§i kirin = a)
to be envious; b) to be jealous; 2) jealousy, {syn;
g’avnebari; Kevsudi} [Z-l/K/A/IF] <dexesi;
k’umre§i>
gavri / (). 1 ivestock, cattle, bovines: *W§
• •
sale derdega li nav gawriet wan hebti (SK
30:270) That year there was a cattle plague among
their livestock, [also: gawri (SK); <gavri> ^^G’G
(Hej)} [syn: gare§; t’ari§) Sor garewe ^ 0J G (Hej) =
garan>
g’avronahi ^by^G (K) = congratulations. See
• •
g’avronayi.
g 5 avronayi ^bybG f- ()■ congratulations on
• •
attaining one's wish [cf. T goziin aydin, Arm aCk’t
loys Lnju]: -g’avronahi dan (K) to
congratulate: •G’avronayi didane [sic] min ft
de ft bave min (Ba2:2, p.208) They
congratulated me and my parents [on my
engagement], { also: g’avfonahi (K); gavroni
(IFb/GF); [tchaw rouni ^joG/tchaw rounahi
101
(JJ) } Cf. P Casmat ro§an qJ^j o^o.; Sor
gawit roni be ojU- [Ba2//K//IFb/GF//JJ]
mm mm
<pirozi>
gavroni (IFb/GF) = congratulations. See
mm
g’avronayi.
g’avsor jj-JL. ad/, ferocious, fierce, vicious; fearless,
♦
unafraid: •Bavo tim digote min ku dive di
paiz£ da §ivan gavvekiritir bin; gur ji
birgina pir gavsor dibin, H hema firseteke
piguk bikeve deste wan, xwe davejin nav
pez ft gendek je dibin (E§, p.14) Father always
told me that in the fail shepherds must be more
attentive; the wolves become fierce from hunger,
and whenever the slightest opportunity presents
itself, they jump into the flock and take a few
[victims] from it. cf. Sor gawsur 3 -^U. = 'brave'.
Although seemingly < g’av = 'eye' + sor = 'red',
perhaps originally <Ar jasur^-^. - 'bold, daring'
(forcf. fievsud <Ar hasud = ’jealous,
envious') (g’avsori) [E§/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
g’avsori f. (-ya; ]. 1) {syn: hoviti) ferocity,
• •
fierceness, cruelty; outburst of rage, fury,
viciousness, ill-temperedness: «Ap§ Musa ...
§ehid£ nemir rastiya (dewleta Tirk)
zilm u zora w§ gavsoriya we li hemberi
milete Kurd bi cihane bide ditin (Wit
2:59, p.7) May Uncle Musa [Anter] ... the
immortal martyr cause the world to see the
truth of the Turkish state, its oppression, its
viciousness toward the Kurdish nation;
2) courage, bravery, heroism. ( also: gawsori
(SK)} Sor gawsuri = 'courage'
[Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK//SK] <g’avsor>
gaw jU. (SK) = eye. See g’av.
gawa ljU. intrg. 1 ) {syn: gere (Bg); gito} how? ®Ez
dixazim herime cem Xwedd, bizanibim
gika Tastya wi gewane? (Dz) I want to go to
God, to know what his truth is like; 2 ) [prep.] {syn:
mina; wek) like, similar to: «£awa §emaleke zer
(EP-7) Like a shine of gold; 3) [conj.] as: *£awa te
zanin (Ber) As is known, {also: ga III (Z-920);
gawan (K/A/JB3/IF); gewa (B/Z-l); [tchavan]
(JJ); <gawa l^U/gawan (jbU> (HH)) Sor gon ( j^ r
[Z-1/B//HH//K/A/JB3/IF/JJ]
gawal (K) = sack. See gewal.
♦
gawan (K/A/JB3/IF) - how. See gawa.
gawir (Efr) = grass. See gayir [2].
gawi§ U. m. (-e; ). 1) servant, valet; usher (JJ); 2)
group-, detachment leader (mil.) ; 3) sergeant (mil.)
. {also: [tchaouch] (JJ)} Cf. T gavu§ =
'sergeant' (gawi§ij [Z-1/K//JJ]
gawi§i f. ( ;-y£). servitude, being a servant or
mm
valet: •Meme ... rabd k’incSd gawi§iy£ li
xwe kir (FK-eb-1) Mem ... (got up and) donned
the clothes of servitude (i.e., became a servant).
[FK-1]
gawri (SK) = livestock. See gavri.
••
gawsori (SK) = ferocity; bravery. See
• •
g’avsori.
gax m.(K/B)/f.(JB3/IF) (-§/ ;-i/-e). (period of)
time: -gaxe ... = when [conj.[ : •Qaxe Menglo
deri vedike (J) When Menglo opens the door;
-t’u gax = never (syn: t’u car; t’u wext); -we
gaxe/wi gaxi (Ba) then, at that time, j also: [tchag]
(JJ); <gax> (HH)) j syn: dem; gav [1]) <T gag
= 'period' |K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH//JJ| <car; wext>
gay f. (-a;-e). tea: -gay [ve]xwarin (B) to drink
tea. |a7so:ga II (Bw); gai (F); [tchai] (JJ)} Cf. P
cay T gay; Ar say Sor ga U/gayi Za
.. ••
gay f. (Todd); Hau gay m. (M4); cf. also Rus cay
naft [Z-3/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK//
F//Bw] <qawe; dark: giran I/fe§/tari; light:
sivik/vehuyi/zer I>
gayir f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: gimen; merg) meadow:
• Ji wan cewika hinek ... hedika nava
gayira ra dik’i§yan (Ba2:l, p.202) Some of
those brooks ... slowly meandered through the
meadows *Min ... gaira big’erine (J) Let me
graze in the meadows; 2) j also: gawir (Efr)} {syn:
giya [l]) grass (ZK-3/Efr): •...digine nava
baxge. gayira winake li gokeye (ZK-3) They
go into the garden. Its grass is knee-deep [lit. 'to the
knee'], {also: gair (J); gawir (Efr); gayr (K); <gayir>
(HH)) < T gayir [J//K//B/HH//Efr]
gayr (K) = meadow; grass. See gayir.
gayxan«e ajUuU. f. (*eya; *e). teahouse, teashop:
•...ji bo xwastina coca-colaye ew §ande
gayxaneya heri n&zik (KS, p.36) ...he sent him
to the nearest chaykhaneh to ask for a Coca-Cola.
[KS/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK]
ge ^ = good. See g§.
g’ek m./f.(K/B)/pl.(JB2/B) (-e/ ;-i/ ). 1) {syn:
cil I; k’inc; libs) [pi. according to B & JB2] clothing,
dress, garb; 2). {syn: rext; zirx) armor; 3) {syn: sileh
1} weapons, arms: •[£ek ft silaR alateke Karbi
102
li nik wan tune] (JR) They have with them no
weapons or arms or tool of war. { also: [tchek]
(JJ); <gek> (HH)) |F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/in-I/I3a2/JB2]
<cebirxane>
g’ekband jjLTka* pi. 1) Kurdish type of gepken
(=stout jacket with slit sleeves to leave the arms
free) (HB/A); vest, waistcoat (IF); 2) military armor
(K). [also: g’ekbend (K/IF); <gekbend> (HH)}
[HB/A//K/IF/HH]
g’ekbend (K/IF) = vest; armor. See g’ekband.
gekgekile m. (). bat. zool. Chiroptera.
[also: gekgekule (IFb/OK)) [syn: barg’imok; gil II;
pirgemek; $evrev!nk; §ev§evok]
[Dh/K(s)/RZ//IFb/OK]
gekgekule (IFb/OK) = bat (zool.). See
gekgekile.
g’ekdar adj. armed, provided with weapons:
•TC bi hemft hezen xwe yen gekdar §ri§
dibe Kurdistane u agir bi ser ve dibarine
(Wit 2:71. p. 13) The Republic of Turkey with all
its armed forces is attacking Kurdistan and raining
down fire. <g’ek [2] & [3] + -dar = possessed of
[Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <g’ek [2] & [3]; sileh I>
gel I (A/IFb) = forty. See gil I.
gel II m. (-e; ). tall, pointy mountain peak;
stone outcropping on a mountain: -gel u g’iya
(Bw) high mountain peaks, [also: gele I (A) 1
[Bw/OK/Hej//A/(GF)l <g’iya>
gelak (A/IFb/HH/GF) = thin cudgel. See gilak.
gelake (Zeb) = thin cudgel. See gilak.
gele I (A) = pointy mountain peak. See gel II.
gele II d<o» (OK) = name for 2 winter months. See Qi\e
I.
gele-gel (). barking, howling, yelping. [s)m:
bile-bil (F); gewte-gewt (F); ewte-ewt (F); kastekast
(B); kute-kut (F); revin) [F]
geleng d<^ adj. 1) rapid, fast, quick (K/HH); 2)
clever, sharp (of mind) (K); 3) *elegant, gracious,
splendid (IF); 4) * pretty, good-looking, beautiful
(BK/K/IF); 5) {syn: gapik; gust) alive, active, full of
life (K). [also: [tchelenk] dd^. (JJ); <gelenk> c&LU.
(HH)) Cf. Za geleng = ’handsome'; ’man's name’
(Todd) jgelengi) [K/A/JB3/IF/B/BK//JJ/HH]
geleng! JZ f. ( ;-y6). 1) rapidity; 2) cleverness,
acuity; 3) ^splendor; 4) *beauty; 5) liveliness,
being active and full of life. [K/B]
gelext*e m. (•§; ). 1) outcrop, sharp rock
♦
protrusion on a mountain: -gelexte keviri (Zeb)
do.; 2) bone-like tumor on back or shoulder (IFb)
[gelixt]. [also: gelixt (IFb/GF); gelixte (OK); <gilixt>
(Hej)) [Zeb//OK//IFb/GF//Hej] <zinar I>
gele (Kg) = name for 2 winter months. See £ile
«•
I.
geliqin vi. (-geliq-). to be shaken up
(liquids); to splash, spatter (vi.); to sway to and fro,
be rough (of sea): •Heval§ din§ kodik hiltine
dige §ir dido§e te. Reva linge w! ra§iqiti,
go: “Vifi.” §ivan£ dine go: “Kuro, gi bft?”
Go: “§ir geliqi” (Z-884) The other friend picks
up the pail and goes and fetches milk [lit. 'milks
milk'] and returns. On the way his foot slips, and
he goes "whoops!" The other shepherd says, “Hey
boy, what happened?” [His friend] said, “The milk
has splashed.” [also: gelqin (K/IFb/GF)) cf. T
galkalanmak = ’to sway to and fro, be rough (of
sea)' [Z-884/B//K/IFb/GF]
gelixt (IFb/GF) = outcrop. See gelexte.
gelixte (OK) = outcrop. See gelexte.
g’elik m. (-e; ). 1) (syn: cucik; varik) chick,
young of bird: *Eze herim ser gelike xwe (L) I
will go [back] to my chicks; 2) (syn: g’ejik; tejik)
young of other animals: *Mi§kek ft gelik§n
xwe li derve digeriyan. Bi careke de gav§
we li pisikeke ket (LM, p.28) A mouse and her
babies were outside roaming around. Suddenly she
noticed a cat. [also: g’elik (K/IFb); g’eli (K/A)}
[L//K/IF//A] <gejik>
gelqin (K/IFb/GF) = to splash (vi.) See geliqin.
gelqemast (B) = drink made of yoghurt and
water. See g’eqilmast.
geltik = [rice in the] husk. See geltftk.
geltftk JjyJco. m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). 1) rice in the husk
(K); husk (K/A); 2) rice field, rice paddy (IF), [also:
geltik; <giltuk> (HH)) < T geltik = 'rice in the
husk’ [HB/K/A/IF/B//HH] <belim; birinc I; pu§k;
tu§k>
g’em m. (-£; g’em, vi g’emi). l) [syn: av [2];
ga I[2] ; ro II; rubar; §et) stream, river: •Sosik ava
gen! xwer bft, nikarbft ji g’§m derbaz
bibftya (FK-kk-13:l29) Sosik [the horse] drank
putrid water, [and] couldn’t cross the river; -ava
gem/ava gem (BK) river water; -ber gem (L) on
the bank of the river/stream *Ez ber gem
sekinim (L) I stood by the river; 2) cultivated land
by the banks of a river (JBl-S/HH/Bw). [also:
[tchem] ^ (JJ); <gem> ^ (HH)) Cf. Sor gom ^ =
103
g’e
’river, stream' [L/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/Ag/
Haz/BK] <[2] gewlik>
gemandin vt. (-gemin-[IF]/-gemen-[K(s)]).
1) to bow, bend (vt.) ; 2) to break (vt) ; 3) to wring
(JB3); 4) to direct toward (K); 5 )(fig.) to force s.o. to
submit (K). {also: [tchemandin] (JJ)}
[K(s)/JB3/IFb/JJ/OK] <gem!n>
nbil m. (-§; g’emil [B], vi g’em[b]ili),
handle, ear (of a jug, vessel, etc.) : •Cembile cer
ji deste we filiti u cer gindiri (MB-Meyro)
The jug’s handle slipped from her hand, and the
jug tipped over, [also: g’emil (K/B/GF-2); g’epil
[3]; [tchemil J^oVciambel 0 L^. (G)] (JJ); <gembil>
(HH)) [MB/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK//K/B//JJ]
See also g’epil [3].
gemge (GF) = ladle. See gemgik.
gemgik d^>^ /. (). ladle, wooden spoon: spoons
made of wood for eating yoghurt or dew (a drink
made of yoghurt and water) (A); deep spoon (IF).
[also: gemge (GF); kemgik (Wn); <gemgik> d^*^
(HH)) |syn: hesk; k’efgir) Sor gemge = ’ladle';
Hau gemge m. = 'spoon' (M4)
[HB/A/IFb/HH/TF/Qzl//GF//Wn] <gogik; k’efgi>
gemhan (Bw) = to bend (vi.). See gemin.
g’emil <1**^ (K/B/GF/JJ) = hand; handle. See g’embil
& g’epil.
gemin vi. (-gem-). 1) to bend, bow (vi.)
(M/K/JJ); to be broken off (a piece of stg.) (HH); 2)
to make for, head for, be directed toward (K); 3)
(fig.) to submit to, resign o.s. to (K). { also: gemhan
(Bw); gemyan (-geme-) (M/OK); [chemlan
jL^/tchewiian^Lto.] (JJ); <giman jLo-
(disime)(<wo)> (HH)) [K//M/JJ/OK//HH//Bw]
<gemandin>
gemyan (-geme-) (M/JJ/OK) = to bend (vi.). See
gemin.
gend intrg. 1) how many? [cf. giqas = how
much for mass nouns): *Saet gend e? (BX)
What time is it? *Saet bi gend e? (BX) How
much does the clock cost?; 2) some, a few: *Heger
ji te re gend qurQ§ lazim in (L) If you need a
few cents *Rojek@ wan gend giregir H
cindiye §ehere Cizire hildan (Z-l) One day
they took some elders and nobles of the city of
Jizirah. | also: [tchend] (JJ); <gend> (HH)) O
Ir *cvant (Tsb 30): Av cvant-; OP ciyant-; P cand
Sor gend jj*a./gen Za gend (Todd); Hau
gin[n]/ginne = ’some' (M4) [F/K/A/
JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK] <giqas>
gendek dojj><x*. . a little, somewhat, [also: gendik I
(A)) {syn: hindik; hineki; pigek) [K/JB3/IF//A]
gendik I d±><^ (A) = a little. See gendek.
gendik’ II (JBl-A) = satchel. See cente.
gendi conj. however much (or many), no
matter how much (or many): *£endi dewleta
Tirk zilm u zora xwe berdewam bike li
hemberi milete Kurd e a§tixwaz (Wit 2:59,
p.7) No matter how long the Turkish state
continues its oppression of the peace-loving
Kurdish nation... [Wlt/SK]
gen*e /. ( • a; • e). 1) chin, jaw (B). See geng II;
2) ledge, projection, protuberance; 3) hend. knee,
joint: *sere gena kuge (K) at the corner of the
street. Sor genage Xj^/^ene < 0 *^; Hau genake in.
= 'chin' (M4) [F/K/B] <go§e; karej I; k’unc; qulg’>
geng I f. (). 1) [syn: g’epil; pank) handful,
palm (K/A/IFb/HH): «Diya min gend nan, du
geng mewij, bist-sih lib gwiz dixistin
turike Gulistane (Alkan, 71) Mv mother would
put some bread, two handfuls of raisins, 20-30
walnuts into Gulistan’s bag; 2) { syn: dest) hand (K);
3) {syn: g’epil) arm from the shoulder to the elbow
(fj)or fingers (TF) (JJ/TF); 4) wing (of bird) (HH).
I also: [tchenk] d^ (JJ); <genk> ds^ (HH))
[Z-l/K/A/IFb/TF//JJ/HH] <dest>
geng II X<^ f. ( ;-e). l) {syn: argu§k; erzen) chin; 2)
{syn: lame [2]) jaw, jaw-bone, {also: gene [ 1 ] ;
genge (B); gengu (K-2/B-2); [tchenghe] X^. (JJ))
Cf. P cane — > T gene [S&E/K/GF//B/JJ1 <karej I>
geng III X^: -geng bdn (GF/TF)/xwe geng kirin
(JBl-S) to jump, hop, leap [syn: ba[n]zdan; firqas
kirin; lotik dan [xwe]; pengizin; xwe qevaztin):
•Siltane Filan ji ni§ka ve geng bti. ser
piyan u kir qerin (SF 19) The Elephant Sultan
suddenly jumped up and started screaming.
[SF/JBl-S/GF/TF]
gengal f. ( ;-e). fork. | also : gengel (B);
<gengal> (HH)) [syn : getel) Cf. P dangal
J\SX= 'fork' —> T gengel = 'hook'; Sor gingal
= 'hook, fork, talon’. Other unverified equivalents
are: gartil (Kmc-2209); negel (AD); setelk (IFb).
[Kmc-2209/K/HH//B]
genge X^ (B/JJ) = chin; jaw. See geng II.
gengel JX^ (B) = fork. See gengal.
gengu (K/B) = chin; jaw. See geng II.
104
gente (K/IFb/GF/OK) = satchel. See cente.
g’ep V A3» adj. left (direction) . {also: [tchep] ^ (JJ))
(#ast [1]) Cf. P cap ,^*3.; Sor gep yA3.; Za gep
(Mai); Hau gep (M4) [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
gepel Jaja*. adj. dirty, slovenly, unclean, {also:
[tchepil] 0 L^. (JJ); <gepel> (HH)) ( syn: dijun;
Y
gemari; mirdar; p’is; qirej) Cf. Sor gepel J Aj A3- —
'filthy' [HB/K(s)/A/JB3/IF/HH//JJ]
geper I geper j AJ A3- [B] f. ( ;-e). l) fence,
■ ■ Y • ■
hedge; 2) {syn: k’ozik; sengerj fortifications;
rampart, bulwark, barricade; trench, foxhole,
ditch: • [0 li cihe §eri fil-Kal geperan ge
dikin u dikevine bin gepere de’wa dikin]
(BN 136) And at the site of the battle they
l i
immediately set up trenches and get down into
[lit.'under 1 [ them and fight; -geper u k’ozik
(GF/IFb)/k’ozik u geper (Bw) trenches and
foxholes; -geper vedan (Bw) to prepare for battle.
{also: [tcheper] (JJ); <geper> (HH)) P capar
= 'wattle; a fence, enclosure'; Sor geper jaas. =
'wattle fence, palisade'
[Bw/K/A/IFb/Jf/HH/GF/TF/OK//B]
geperast o-Jjaja^. adj. 1) crosswise, transverse,
horizontal; 2) (syn: berwar [3]) across (in
crosswords). Cf. T gapraz = 'crosswise' <P caprast
= ’buckle (orig. ’left-right’)’ [Wlt/TF]
<serejer; stum; xagepirs>
gepger (SS) = leftist. See gepgir.
Cepgir JL A3, adj. leftist, left wing: •Niviskare
rojnameya Cumhuriyete Hikmet £etinkaya
di nivisa xwe de sernaveki wiha bi kar
anfbu: "Qlepgiren neteweperest u rastgiren
neteweperest” (AW69A1) The writer for the
newspaper Cnmhuriyet. Hikmet Qletinkava, used
this title in his article: "Nationalist leftists and
nationalist rightists." {also: gepger (SS))
[AW/VoA//SS]
g’epik Jjasn. m. (). 1) {syn: dost) hand (K); 2)
applause (A/IF): -g’epik dan (A) to clap, applaud;
-g’epik kutan (K) do.; -g’epiken xwe kutan
(K) [also: geple le dan (JB3); gepilk le xistin
(JB3/IF)) to clap, applaud, {also: geple (JB3); gepilk
(JB3)) (Cf. "Cepikli 1 ’--(Turkish) name of a Kurdish
dance from Gaziantep, which features a clapping
motion) cf. Sor gepok J]j_a 3 = 'slap from above';
Hau gepoke f - 'downward blow with the open
hand' (M4) [K/A/JB3/IF] <g’epil>
G’epil Jja». m. ( ; g’epil, vi g’epili). 1) {syn: dest)
hand, arm (K/JJ/JBl-S); hand (neg. connotation)
(B); ( syn: geng I) arm (from the elbow to the
shoulder) (IFb): -g’epile hev girtin (IF) to give
each other a bear hug; 2) {syn: geng I; pank) palm
of the hand (K); 3) {syn: g’embil) handle, knob
(e.g., doorknob, teacup handle) . {also: g’emil (B);
[tchepil] (JJ); <gepil> O lo. (HH)))
[Z-2/K/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-S//B] See also g’embil.
<g’epik; dest; mil; pil I>
gepilk <J_La3. (JB3) = hand; applause. See g’epik.
geple aLa^ (JB3) = hand; applause. See g’epik.
geqandin vt. (-geqin-). 1) to strike fire
(with flintf to loose (cock of gun), pull the trigger.
•[Dumo §e§xaneye digrite armancS fl bi
kefa xo digeqine[ (JR #27, p.80) Dumo takes
aim with bis revolver and pulls the trigger at his
leisure; 2) to stick in, insert (SK): *Her seniyeki
kilkeki kuri di nawa seri bigeqinin weto
ko qund rawestit" Wexte wan tema§e
kir ko te§ta wan sewar-we li nik wan
sewar gelek 'eybeki mezin e bo mewanet
mu’teber—we ser we hinde ra ji kilket
kuran li ser seniyan geqandine, di y§k-fi-
do fikirin, destet xo ke§ane pa§. (SK
24:222,224) On each tray stick a kid’s tail in the
middle of the pile so that it stands erect." ... When
they saw that their meal was of crushed wheat-and
with them crushed wheat [instead of rice] was a
most shameful thing for respectable guests--and that
in addition the tails of kids had been stuck on top
of the travs. thev looked at each other and
«■ —'
withdrew their hands, {also: [tcheqandin] jjI
(JJ)) [JR/K/IFb/JJ/SK/GF] cberheste; heste>
g’eqilmast o—LisAa. £/ni.(KS) ( ;-£/geqilm£st). a
drink made of yoghurt and water (cf. T yagli
ayran): *Min ew tasa geqilmest a ku hin
qe§a we neheliyabu ji destS w§ girtibfl,
gend gulp je vexwaribti (KS, p.49) I took that
cup of (peqilmast-- in which the ice had not yet
melted—from her hands and drank a few gulps of it.
{also: gelqemast (B); [tchalka-mast] (JJ);
<geqilmast> (HH)) < geqil + mast =
’yoghurt’ [K/A/IFb/HH//B/JJ] <dew I>
gergirin ^ja» vi. (-gergir-). 1) to exert o.s., to
strive hard; to exhaust o.s.: •Osib geleki
digergire, 1§ axiri@ Zelix§ ciki digire (Ba-1,
#27) Joseph strives very hard, but finally he
105
catches [up with] Zulaikha in a place; 2) to toil,
labor, work; 3) to suffer, be unhappy, grieve; to eat
one’s heart out, be consumed with worry.
[Ba-l/F/K/B]
gergi m. Q. (itinerant) peddlers/pedlars,
««
formerly a common occupation among Jews : "A
common group among the poor in the larger
towns, such as Zakho, were the peddlers who
traveled in companies of two or more, riding
donkeys and mules and selling certain groceries
[such as tea and sugar] and notions [such as
needles, buttons, and thread]." (YSFL, p. xxii):
•£erci hat gunde me (AB) A peddler came to
our village. ( also: [tchertchi] (JJ); <gerci>
(HH)J |syn: 'etar [3]| Cf. T gergi; Sor gergi
Y
= Sor wurde[wale]firo§ ^jCsfAJl^oj^; Za
gergi (Todd); [AB/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
gerS intrg. how?: -£ereye? (Kg) How is it?
[syn: gawa) [Bg]
g’erm ^jad* m. (-e; g’Srm, vi g’ermi). skin, hide:
•Sofi §ex, zft rabe. Gae me we di bi fofie
da. Eger zu nagiheye de mirar bit.
Mixabin e. Wekuje, her nebit germe wi
xesar nabit (SK 30:271) Sofi Shaikh! Our ox is at
the point of death. If you do not reach it soon it
will (die of itself and) become carrion. It is a pity.
Slaughter it, at least do not let the hide be wasted.
{also: [tcherm] (JJ); <germ> (HH)) {syn: pist]
[Pok. (s)ker-/(s)kera-/(s)kre- 938.] 'to cut’ (I.A.): Skt
carman- = 'skin, hide’; Av car 8 man-; OP carman-
n/ t Mid P carm = skin, hide, leather' (M3); P carm
= ’leather, hide’; Sor germ = ’leather’; Za
germ m. [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<gurandin>
gerqin ^ (L) = noise. See §erqin.
gerwan j^jAa* m. (-§; ). pastureland with green, lush
grass las opposed to k’oz, which has brown, dry
grass ) (Bw): -k’oz ft gerwan (Bw) [all manner of]
pastureland (both dry and lush). I also: [cherewan]
oU>3r (JJ-Rh)} [Bw/JJ-Rh] <g’ere[geh]; g’erin; k’oz
[ 2 ]>
gerx f/m.(Metin) ( /-£;-§/). 1) wheel; 2) [syn:
sedsal) century (Zeb/TF): •Diroka dagirtina ve
dever§ ji ya kevn e, dizivirite gerxe §azde
zayini (Metin 62[1997]:26) The history of the
occupation of this region is old —it goes back to the
sixteenth century A.D. {also: [tcherkh] (JJ))
[Pok. l-k^eR/k^ela- 639.] 'to turn' — > K^ek^lo-
/kHokUlo- = 'wheel': Skt cakrd- = 'wheel, circle,
sphere'; Av caxra- m. = 'wheel’; P carx =
'wheel, sphere'; Sor gerx - ‘circle, wheel’; cf.
also Gr kyklos KiSxXog; Eng wheel < hweol <
*hweg(w)ula- [Zeb/Metin/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK]
gerxi m. (). (formerly) coin worth five
piasters: *Ev zere hana ji mira hftr bike,
t’emam bike mecidine, quru§ ft gerxine (Z-
2) Make change for these gold coins, make silver
coins, coins of twenty piastres and of five piastres.
I also: <gerxi> ^ (HH)) Cf. Sor gerxi =
’old silver coin’. In his Turkish and English Lexicon
(Constantinople : A.H. Boyajian, 1890; repr. Beirut
: Librairie du Liban, 1987), p. 718, Sir James W.
Redhouse gives the following as one definition of
the word [cherkhi]^^ : ' (provincial, perhaps
Kurdish) a five piastre piece'
[Z-2/A/PIH/PS]
getel f.(K)/m.(AD) ( ). fork. jsyn : geagal) Cf. T
gatal [K/IFb/AD/Kmc-2209]
getin adj. hard, difficult: *K 5 § ku p’aki haj
ji §ivantiye t’unebft, hew zanibft, ku ew
ti§teki getin nine (Ba2:l, p.203) Those who
were not well acquainted with shepherding thought
that it was something not very difficult •Meme ft
Zineva Kaleki getindanin (Z-l) M. and Z. are
in a difficult position, {also: getin (JB3/OK-2);
[tchetin] (JJ); <getin> (HH)] {syn: dijwar)
Cf. T getin; Az T catin (getinayi; getini; getini)
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK//JB3/JJ]
getina«yi ^tjA^ f. ( ; # ye). hardness, difficulty,
harshness; quality of being difficult or hard: *fial
Memeda nemaye, du-se roja §ftnda Meme
we getinayeda nadebire (Z-l) M. is in bad
shape; in 2 or 3 days he will no [longer] be alive
from the hardship of it [=He won’t survive this
hardship more than 2 or 3 days], {also: getini (K-
2/IFb); getini (JB3/OK-2)} {syn: dijwari]
[B/K/OK//IFb//JB3] <getin>
getini ^a^. (K/IFb) = difficulty. See getinayi.
getin ^Ja^ (JB3/IFb) = difficult. See getin.
getini (JB3/IFb) = difficulty. See getinayi.
gev Jas. (F)/g’e’v Jpa> (B/Ba/J/Z/EP) = eye. See g’av.
v
g’e’vkani (B) = spring, source. See g’avkani.
g’e’vnebahari a^opa^ (XF) = envy. See
• •
g’avnebari.
g’e’vnebari ^jLa^a^. (Ba/B) = envy. See g’avnebari.
g’e’vnebarti a^asas* (B) = envy. See g’avnebari.
106
g’e’vniheri (B/Z-l) = waiting. See
rnm
g’avniheri.
gevt oi^a. (GF) = wrong. See gewt.
gewa h**. (B/Z-l) - how. See gawa.
gewal JljAa. m. (-§; gewel [B] /guwel [BK]).,vi
gewali sack, bag: *gewale ard (IF) sack of flour
•Qar gewal birinc anin (L) They brought four
bags of rice, {also: cuhal (SK); cuhalk’ (JBl-A);
gawal (K); gowal; guwal (BK); [tchuval] Ji**. (JJ);
<gal JWcuwal J1_**> (HH)) ( syn: ferde; gunik;
t’elis} Cf. P javal Ji**, Ar s[i]wal J1*i, T guval
[L/F/A/IF/B//K//BK/JJ//HH] <cendik; cuher; Per
III; tur 1>
gewlik JJ**** /. (-a;-e). soil enriched by alluvial
deposits, fertile land on a river's bank that becomes
inundated when the river overflows. [Qzl/Kmc-
#2235] <g’em [2]>
gews ^j*** (). pressure; oppression: •Gima ku ez
Kurd im min pirr gews (pest) u i§kence ji
dest£ Dewleta Tirk ki§andiye (Wit 1:36, p.16)
Because I am a Kurd, I have suffered much
oppression and torture at the hands of the Turkish
state, (syn: pest; pekuti) [(neol)Wlt]
gewt adj. 1) {syn: §a§ I[2]; xelet[2]| wrong,
incorrect, false; untrue; 2) (syn: kef II; xwaro-marol
crooked, bent, {also: gevt (GF-2)| Sor gewt =
'crooked, wrong, error, misprint' (gewt!)
[K/A/IFb/GF/TF]
*gewte~gewt O* «**<\jj<** (). barking, howling, yelping,
(syn: bile-bil (F); gele-gel (F); ewte-ewt (F); kastekast
(B); kute-kut (F); reyin) [F]
gewti f. (). 1) {syn: xelet[l]) error, mistake:
•Dost rexne ji li hev digrin, gewtiyen hev
ji ji hevudin re dibejin (Wit 1:20, p.3) Friends
both criticize one another, and tell each other
about their [=the other’s] mistakes; 2) crookedness.
[Wlt/A/IFb/TF] <gewt>
& & adj. good: -ge bun = a) to be made, produced:
"•Cebti! (Bw) There! It's done!; b) (syn: p’eyda
bun) to be born: •Gotin [sic]: "K’ere, mizginya
min li te, kufek ji tefa gebd." Go: "Bare
min z§de bft d §me min kem bd" (Dz #588)
They said , "Donkey, I have good news for you, a
son has been born to you." He said, "My burden
has increased and my food has been decreased"; c)
to take place, happen; be held (celebration); break
out (war): *Cark§ neri go xatdnek aniye d
du c§ri ji p§ re ne, geliki k§fa wi hat. §a&
d dawet di nav bajer de ge bu (L-l, p.34, 1.
20-22) [The prince] saw that [Kure pire] brought a
young lady with two maidservants, [and] he was
very pleased. A wedding celebration took place in
the city *Gava ez zaro bdm, §erek gdbd (BX,
<1309, p. 340) When I was a child, a war broke out;
4) to be possible: *Eydt di navbera meda
hevalti genabe (Dz-anecdote #22, p. 390)
Friendship between us is not possible; -C^dibit
(Bw/Zeb) perhaps, maybe (syn: belki; qemi]; -g£
kirin = a) to make, produce, put together [Cf. P
dorost kardan]: •Solek hesini ji xwe re g§kir
(L) [She] had shoes of iron made [for herself]; b) to
fix, repair, heal, cure (syn: derman kirin}: *Nav d
denge we bihistiye go gave hafiza gddike
(L-l #3, p.74, 11.25-26) He had heard of her fame,
that she cured the eyes of the blind, {also: ge; [tchi]
^ (JJ); <ge> ^ (HH)} (syn: ba§; qenc; rind; xwe§)
Cf. Sor gak JG [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
<pegebun>
g’eje (K) = cub. whelp. See g’djik.
g’ejik Jj.Lv m.(K/OK)/f.(B/OK) ( /-a; /-e). cub,
whelp, young of animal; the young of carnivorous
animals. I also : g’eje (K); tejik; [tchijik] (JJ)}
(syn: cewr(ik)) [F/K/IFb/OK//JJ] <g’elik>
gel I 0 lLv (JBl-S) = forty. See gil I.
gel II f. (-a; ). mention; description: *Di tu
kiteban da gela firina Mehdi tine (Rnh 2:17,
p.340) In no book is there a mention [or,
description] of Mehdi’s flying; -gdla /f-f kirin
(Rnh)/geli ft-i kirin (Ardu) to mention; to
describe (syn: kat I kirin; nitirandin I): •Bi §ert§
ku risipi e heta dawiya bist d yek mehdn
din ji je re geli wan aqilan neke, herdu
didine pey hev d derdikevin zozand ward
risipi (Ardu, p. 18) On condition [=with the
understanding] that the old man would not
mention [or, describe] that advice until twenty-one
months had passed, the two followed one another
out to the summer pasture, the old man's field
•Ddre ji bi zareki xwe§ ddrddirdj ji min re
geli jiyana kogeriyd kir (Lab, 11) Afterward
he articulately described the nomadic way of life to
me in detail *§dx, rojdkd ji rojan di nava
van §iretan da, gela rabdna cenabd Mehdi
dike (Rnh 2:17, p.340) One day among those
sermons, the sheikh described [or, mentioned] the
rise of the prophet Mehdi. See etymological note
107
under g’er. [(neol)Rnh/Ardu/Lab/IFb/GF]
<nitirandin I>
g’el III (K/Hk/Zx/Bw) = cow. See g’elek.
gele (A) = dead of winter. See gele.
g’§lek .iUll*. f. (-a;-e). cow: *5’elekeke wan
hebtiye (J) They had a cow. {also: g’el III (K-
2 /Hk/Zx/Bw); [tchil J^>./tchilek d-lo*] (JJ); <gelek>
(HH)) {syn: mangel [BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH//JJ]
<ga>
g’§lekel JaSTJJo. f. (;-e). cow in heat: -g’elekeleke
gak’uviya (IS-363) female deer (doe) in heat.
<g’el[ek] = 'cow' + kel = 'in heat' [IS] <kel I[3]>
g’elik (K/IF) = chick. See g’elik.
g’eli II = chick (A); cub, pup (K). See g’elik.
g’Sr ^1^/ger ^ ]IFb/HH/OK] m./f.(B/OK) ( ; /-§).
* v * *•
verbal abuse, cursing, cussing, swearing (T kiifiir.
Ar satimah -g’er [le] kirin (K) to cuss s.o.
out, swear at s.o.; to insult, offend: «[Hergend
min lavahi Memedi kir ku ensaf bike ji
hinde mall ti§teki bide min Memedi geri
min kiri ez qewrandim] (JR) No matter how
much I begged Memed to be fair and give me
something from all those goods, he cursed me and
chased me away • ...Ji deve wi t’u xebereke
g’Sra dernediket, ewi qet car g’eri hespa u
p’ire wan nekir (EP-8) No word of cursing left
his mouth, he never cursed horses or their god-
protectors. [also: geri (A); [tchir]^o» (JJ); <ger>
(HH)) {syn: dijun I; qise[3]; xeber[3]| According to
Celile Celll, g’er originally means 'talking, speech,
words' (cf. xeber = 'words, speech ; verbal abuse'),
and is related to g’lrok = 'story', qv. Likewise, gel
II = 'mention' may be cognate.
= Sor cinew^L^/cwen [con]
[EP-8/K/A/B//IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ/JR] <nifif>
geran q) (A/JB3/GF) = to graze. See g’erin.
g’erandin jjj vt. (-g’erin-). to take (grazing
animals) out to pasture: *Hetani evare wana
ber tav§, sure serme, bin barane u
teyroke, carna t’i u birgi pez dig’erand
(Ba2:l, p.204) They would graze the sheep until
evening in sunlight and cold, under rain and hail,
sometimes [even] hungry and thirsty, {also:
[cairandin ^U./cerandin (JJ);
<gerandin jjj) (digerine) (HH)) Za
giranena [giranayi§] (Srk); = Sor lewerandin
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/M] <g’ere; g’erin>
gerangeh &<&>\ (A) = pasture. See g’ere &
g’eregeh.
g’er*e m.(K)/f.(B/JB3) ( /*a; /•§). pasture,
pasturage, grazing ground: *Ew g’iya ciy§ g’era
pez u dewar§ gundiya bh. (Ba 2 :l, p. 202 ) That
mountain was the place for the pasturage of the
villagers' sheep and cattle *Niha eze herim
g’ere (J) Now I will go to pasture *Ve miye bibe
gere (AB) Take this sheep to pasture, {also:
g’eregeh; [tchere] o>*. (JJ); <gere> o(HH)} {syn:
merg [ 2 ]) Cf. P cera = Sor lewer[ge] [^j 0j J
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <gerwan; k’oz [2]>
See also g’eregeh.
g’eregah aI m. (K) = pasture. See g’ere &
g’eregeh.
g’eregeh m.(K)/f.(JB3) (). pasture, pasturage.
grazing ground, {also: gerangeh (A); g’eregah m.
(K); [tcheregah] (JJ)) {svn: merg [ 2 ]} Cf. P
ceragah = Sor lewef[ge] [^fjjojJ
[JB3/IF//K/JJ//A] See also g’ere.
gerivan (JB3) = to graze. See g’erin.
geri (A) = swearing, verbal abuse. See g’er.
« •
g’erin v l. (-g’er-). to graze (vi.. of sheep and
cattle): »Li mergan pez digeriya (DZK, p. 135)
In the meadows the sheep were grazing, {also:
geran (A/JB3-2/GF-2): geriyan (JB3-2); geryan
(-gerye-) (M/OK-2); [tcheriian jL^/tcherin
(JJ); <g[e]rin (digere) (o,^-j)> (HH)) [Pok. I.
kuel-/kuela- 639.] 'to turn, move about, cautiouslv
look for’: O Ir *kar- (Tsb 47): Av & OP kar- (pres.
cara-/caraya-) = 'to be engaged in (a matter)' & Av
carana- = 'field'; P carldan Za gerena
[gerayi§] (Srk); = Sor lewefin [K/IFb/B/
JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//A/JB3/M] <gerwan; g’erandin;
g’ere; k’oz [ 2 ]; palin; §evin>
gerok (M) = tale. See g’irok.
g’ert o^o- f. (). bird droppings, {also: g’irt (K/B);
[tchirt] o(JJ); <gert> (HH)) {syn: zirig I) Cf.
Arm cirt (W: jird) *h P ui [1F/HH//K/B/JJ] <gu; ritin:
sergin; teyr>
geryan (-gerye-) (M/OK) = to graze. See g’Srin.
g’§t m. (). cockerel, young rooster, less than one
year old (HH). {also: git II (IFb); <get> (HH))
{syn: §eluf) [Kmc-9/K//HH//IFb] <dik>
getir > 43 . adj. better, {syn: ba§tir; xwe§tir) ge =
'good' + -tir [K/A/JB3/IF] <ge>
gi ^ intrg. prn. 1 ) {also: gi; [tche ^/tchi ( j^\ (JJ); <gi>
' (HH)) what: »Ev gi ye? = What is this? «Nave
108
te giye? = What is your name?; -gi ... gi (SK)
whether ... or: »Bo me mirin xo§tir e ji jina
ho. Ez bi tewfiqa xude pence-y xo de dem
e-ber pence-y Suto, gi mirim, gi mam (SK
61:731) Death is pleasanter than life thus; with
God's help I shall terminate Suto's power [lit. 'strike
Suto's arm with mine'] whether I die or live; 2)
nothing [+ neg.]. anything (cf. gu & t’u II]: *Ez gi
nabejim (Hk/Bw) I won't say anything. Cf. P cl
Sor gi ( j^ r ; Za gigi/gi (Todd); Hau ge§ (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ/HH] <k’i>
gi bigre o ^ = almost. See under girtin.
gigax (K/F) = when. See gigaxi.
gigaxi intrg. when? {also: gigax (K/F); gigax)
(sjnu giwext (Bg); k’engi) [B//K/F]
gigax - when. See gigaxi.
g’ig’ik m./f. (IFb) (). 1) [syn: bistan; memik)
(woman's) breast (K/A/IF): »Pirek e, gigike xwe
av£tiye ser mil§ xwe (L) It's an old woman, she
has thrown her breasts over her shoulders; -g’ig’ik
dan zaru£ (K) to nurse, suckle, breastfeed an
infant; -g’ic’ik xwerin/- metin (K) to suck,
nurse (infant or animal cub/whelp) ; -zarua ber
g’ig’ik (K) suckling infant; 2) nipple (K/GF): -sere
g’ig’ik (AF) do.; 3) [syn: guhan; guhandirl udder
(A/JB3/IFb). [also: gigik I (L/JB3); [tchitchik]
(JJ); <gigik> (HH)} Cf. P cucu^ = 'nipple'
[L/JB3/JJ//K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/AF]
gift oob*. (XF) = kick. See givt.
gik ( ). side of knucklebone (k'ap II) that has a
crater in it. [syn: diz (Wn); ^pik (Qzl)l [Qzl] <k’ap
II>
gika ISG. conj. to see whether, whether (signals
indirect questions) ”[£ka) leitet indirekte Fragen
ein" (O. Jastrow. Daragdzii. p. 103, note 21): *Em
herin, go gika Kal§ xort bu gi? (J) Let's go see
what's happened to the young man *Ewe qize
geleki da fii§§ xwe, gika gawa bike (EP-7)
That girl gave a lot of thought to (or. spent much
time thinking about) what she should do # Ez
dixazim herime cem xwedS bizanibim
gika fastya wi gewane? (Dz) I want to go to
God, to know what his truth is like •Kuro, hela
binh£rin gika Mem£ min gima iro derengi
bilye (Z-l) Boys, go see why my Mem is late
today •Sive bira qiz u buke §eher t’emam
b@ne bax£ Ttirkiri, gika Meme min k’ijan
qtz£ xwera diEebine (Z-l) Let all the girls and
brides of the city come to the garden of Turkiri
tomorrow, to see which girl Mem will fall in love
with •Wezir, em herin, gika ev gitevaye? (J)
Vizier, let's go see what this is all about, {syn: be II;
k’a II[2] (EP); qe (Z)) [J/Z-l/B]
g’ikandin I vt. (-g’ikin-). 1) {syn:
he§ikandin (HM)) to stick, thrust, insert, plunge
(into) (HM/K/A): *Li dora Memu Alan
xencera bigikinin (HM) "Stechet eure Dolche
ringsum in Mamu!" (=Thrust your daggers into M.
A.!); 2) to dig, dig up (K); 3) to plant (JJ); to plant
(trees) (K/IFb); 4) to hoist, erect (K/IF) {also:
[tchikandin] (JJ); <gikandin jjoiiG.
(digikine) (HH)|
[HM/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/BK] See also
g’ikilandin. <dag’ikandin>
g’ikandin II jjjlSG. vt. (-g’ikin-). to stop or
staunch the flow of (water) (K/JJ); to dry up (a well)
(BK). {also: [tchikandin] (JJ)} {syn:
mig’iqandin) [K/B/JJ/GF/TF/BK] <biryan {2]; g’ikin;
pengandin>
g’ikil JiG (K) = branch; variant. See g’iqil.
g’ikilandin vt. (-g’ikilin-). to plant
(trees) . I also: [cikelandin] QJH f s 7 n -
g’ikandin I[3]; dabinartin (JB3); dag’ikandin
(F/K/JJ)} = Sor na§tin (-nej-) [JB3/IFb/OK]
See also g’ikandin I.
gikivan jLSG (IFb/JJ) = to dry up. See g’ikin.
g’ikin -yAG- vi. (-g’ik-). 1) {syn: mig’iqin) to stop
flowing (of water) : -bina fk-6 dig’ike (K/B) to
pant, gasp for air, choke: *Xu§k nikare be,
bina we dig’ike. Xeber nade; h£sra
dibarine (K2-Ferik) Sister cannot come, she is
panting. She doesn’t speak, she [only] sheds tears;
2) (syn: mig’iqin) to dry up (of water source) :
•Cew g’ikyaye (B) The canal has dried up
•Kani g’ikiya (K) The well dried up; 3) (syn: •
nuqutin) to drip, trickle (K). {also: gikiyan (IFb);
[tchikiian] qLSG (JJ); <gikan ^ISG- (digike)
(HH)) P cakldan = l 0 drip’; Sor gikin
= 'to drip, to dry up (of a well)' (Hej) [K2-Ferik/
K/A/B/GF/TF//lFb/JJ/OK//HH] <g’ikandin II;
herikin; mig’iqin>
gikkos (BK) = greedy. See gikfts.
giko j^G* (OK) = because. See giku ko.
gikos (GF) = greedy. See giktis.
gikosi (GF) = greediness. See gikftsi.
giksayi (IFb) = clear (of sky). See g’fk-sayi.
109
giku ko jT^Sk conj. because, since, [also: giko (OK);
<giku>j*5k (HH)} {syn: bona we yeke ko; gimk’i}
[Ad//HH//OK] See also gimk’i.
gikiis ^rs^Sk adj. greedy, stingy, selfish, miserly:
•nanS gikkosan (BK) the bread of the stingy.
[also: gikkos (BK); gikos (GF)} (syn: giruk [2];
devbe§; qesis; rijd} jgikusi} [BK//K/TF//GF]
giktisi f. (). greediness, stinginess, selfishness,
miserliness, [also: gikosi (GF)} [K/TF//GF] <gikus>
gil I num. (). forty, 40. {also: gel I (A-2/IFb-2); gel
I (JBl-S); [tchil] (JJ); <gil> (HH)} O Ir
*Ca0rusat-: Av ca0war a satam; OP *ca0ur0at- ~
*da0ursat-; Mid P cehel (M3); P cihil Sor gil
J^.; Za gewres (Todd); Hau gil (M4) [L/K/A/JB3/Iflo
/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK//JB1-S] <gar I; gele>
gil 11 J* £ 0- bat (flying mouse), zool. Cliiroptera.
[also: gilegile (GF); gilgili (A); giligili (IFb)} {syn:
barg’imok; gekgekile; duvmesas; pirgemek;
§evrevink; §ev§evok} the final -1 is emphatic, almost
like central Kurdish tj [Mdt/TF/AD//GF//A//IFb]
gilak kk m. (-e;-i). long, thin cudgel, usually made
of mahaleb cherry wood [kiner] (Qzl); two¬
pronged long stick for picking mazi (oak galls],
kezan [terebinth seeds], etc. (Zeb). [also: gelak
(A/IFb/GF); gelake (Zeb); <gelak> kk (HH)} ( syn:
*rewt (HH-Turkish)} Sor gelak kSk = ’pole for
shaking down fruit, esp. walnuts, from tree'
[Qzl//A/IFb/HH/GF//Zeb]
gilgili^kk (A) = bat (flying mouse). See gil II.
gile I <k m./f. (). 1) forty (40) day period (after
births, weddings, deaths, etc.)[ cf. Ar arba'Inlyah
a-juwjl]; 2) 40 coldest days of winter, dead of
winter; 40 coldest winter days, starting from
December 11 (HH); names of two winter months:
3) December: -gileya p§§in (RZ)/geleya pe§in
(OK)/~bere (OK)/gill§ evel (K) December (syn:
K’anuna pe§in, et ai.}; corresponds to last part of
Agirdan q ) j ^fc/Sermawez (P azer j j))
[Sagittarius]# 1st part o/Seholbendan
v
q) Jjjb^/Befranbar (P dey ^j)
[Capricorn]; 4) January: -gileya pa§in (RZ)
January (syn: K’anuna pa§in}; corresponds to last
y
part o/Seholbendan q) jj <*j Jjp*«ju,/Befranbar
(P dey ^j) [Capricorn]# 1st part of
Nawzistan Rebend an (P bahman
[Aquarius], [also: gele II (OK-2); gele (Kg);
gSle (A-2); gille I, m. (K/A)/f.(B-2/GF); [cele-]
(JJ-Lx); <gille> *k (HH)} [Kg/JJ-Lx//IFb/B/OK//
K/A/HH/GF] <gil; Qiri; zivistan>
gile II ok (B) = forty-day-old. See gill,
gilegile £jkk (GF) = bat (flying mouse). See gil II.
giliq k (GF) = branch. See g’iqil.
gilixt c^k (Hej) = outcrop. See gelexte.
adj. forty-day-old: -zara gil[l]e (B) - a)
• •
forty-dav-old infant; b) babe in arms: *Bi§ine
zareke gili bine, ewe tera b§je, k’a ew gili
Tastin yane derewin (Ba3-3, #30) Send for a
babe in arms, he will tell you whether these words
are true or false, [also: gile II (B); gille II (B)} <gil =
’forty’ [Ba3//B]
gil’in (). unripe, green almond [T gagla]. [syn:
behivter; gerih (Frq); niv’in (Mtk)} Cf. Sor
gwale[badem] [pok|kk [Haz] <behiv>
g’ilk JLk f (-a;-e). drop (of a liquid) : *g’ilke
xiina Bek’o dik’eve ort’a Mem§ u Zine
(FK-eb-2) A drop of Beko’s blood falls between M.
and Z.; -g’ilka poz (K) snot, mucus [syn: gilm; fi§;
kilmi§; lik); -gilke-gilk (IF) drop by drop; -g’ilke
hingiv (B) drop of honey; -g’ilked barane (B)
raindrops, [syn: g’ipik; dilop; niqitk; p’e§k 1 }
[FK- 2 /K/IF/B]
gille I Jk, m. (K/A)/f.(B/GF) = dead of winter; name
for two winter months. See gile I.
gille II oik (B) = forty-day-old. See gili.
gilm pk m. (). mucus, snot, [also: [tchilim] pk. (JJ);
<gilm> pk (HH)} [svn: g’ilka poz; fi§; kilmi§; lik}
Sor gilm pk; Za gilm m. (Mai) |l7K(s)/li 7 /J)/HM/B§kl
<belxem>
gilmer (Bw/Zeb) = door bolt. See gilmSre.
gilmer*e okk m./f.]Wn/Bw] ( ; /*e). 1) [syn:
*dorik (Bw); *qulqulk (Bw)) door bolt, thick
wooden bolt on the back of a door which prevents
it from being opened; -dare gilmere (Zeb) do.;
2) [syn: zomp) large hammer, mallet (Qzl). (aiso:
gilmer (Bw-2/Zeb); gilmire (GF/FJ); <gilmere>
o^-k (HH)} < gil = ’40' + mer = 'man' perhaps
because the bolted door is so strong that 40 men
could not break it down
[Bw/Qzl/IFb/HH/Hej/AA//GF/FJ//Zeb]
g’ilmisandin kk vt. (-g’ilmisin-). to cause to
fade, droop, wilt, wither. [K/B] <g’ilmisin>
g’ilmisin ^y^k vi. (-g’ilmis-). l) to fade, droop,
wilt, wither; to shed its flowers (JB3); 2) to be
extinguished, go out, die down (fig.) (K). [also:
[chirmislan] (JJ) } cf. Arc Vk-m-s = 'to
110
wrinkle, wither & NENA kamish/chamich = 'to
fade, wither' (Maclean) [L/K/jB:i/iFb/B/GF/TF/OK//jj|
<beqem; g 1 ilmisandin>
gilmire (GF/FJ) = door bolt. See gilmere.
g’ilo II jpU in . (-ye; ). dried oak branches and
leaves, fed to domestic animals during the winter,
leafy branches used for sheep fodder: ^Dema ku
dibinin ... das u weris li ser pi§ta kere
§idandiye u ew e bige gilo (Lab, 76) When
they see ... a sickle and rope tied to the donkey s
back so that [the man] can go to the gilo »Weke
malxweye male Silo be, we xwarina kiflet
sor gilo be (L-I, #55, p.197) As the master of the
house is Silo, the family’s food will be gilo «Xelke
we dirke hemi dijin di kepra ve. [Dilgine
giyay, ti§teki tinin—dibene gull—dihavene
ser kepra, dibite siber H gelek xo§ dibin
(M-Am #721, p.332) The people there all live in
bough shelters. They go to the mountains and
bring something called ’chuli' [young, leafy
branches of oak] and put them on top of the
shelters and it makes a shade and they are very
pleasant; -diya goli (Zeb) do.; -maliya goli
(Zeb) bunches of branches tied together. { also: goli
II (Zeb/Hej); gull (M-Am); [tchilou/ciullu] j-U (JJ);
<gilo> (HH); <goli> (Hej)I Cf. Sor gil JL. =
’branch (tree)’ [Haz/Bw/K/A/IFb/HH/GF//M-Am//
JJ//Zeb/Hej] <di II; mail I>
gim ^ f. (-a; ). hoof of even-toed (split-hoofed)
ruminants, such as that of sheep and cows: -gima
deve (Z-4) camel’s hoof. [ also: gim II (Z-4)!
|IFb//Z-4] <sim>
gima intrg. why?: # Te gira ez xapandim (Dz)
Why did you trick me? \also: giman (K); gira II
(Dz); [tchira 1 >^/tchirani ^./tchi-man UJk
<gima L^/gira 1 >>> (HH)] \syn: bo gi?l Cf. Mid P
* #
gim = reason; gim ray? = why? (M3)
[K//A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//Dz/JJ]
gimak’i = because. See gimk’i.
giman (K) = why. See gima.
gimk’ JL:v = because. See gimk’i.
gimk’i conj. because. | also: gimak’i; gimk 1 ;
ginki] {syn: bona we yeke ko; giku ko (Ad); lema)
Cf. P £unke*Sl^--> T giinku/giinki; Sor gunke
ASl^/gunku ^Sj^; NA dukun |Z-i/EP/K/)B3/lFb/OK!
• #
See also giku ko.
ginar jL^/g’inar [Z-4] f (-a;-§). 1) plane tree,
#
oriental plane tree, hot. Platanus orientalis: -dara
ginare (F) do. •Qu dareke ginar §ye mezin
biri (Dz) He went [and] cut down a large plane
tree; 2) name of a town south of Diyarbakir. {also:
ginar (K); giner (B); [tchinar] (JJ); <ginar>
(HH)j Cf. T ginar—> Rus cinara *iHHapa
[Dz/IFb/HH/SK/GF/OK//F//K/JJ//B]
ginin vt. (-gin-). 1) to pluck, pick, pull out
(flowers, fruit) : *Gula ko min gin! ji bo[na] te
ye (BX) The rose which I picked is for you; 2) to
reap, harvest (crops) (A/IFh): *Wan stir!
gandin, xiyala wan ew bu de tiri ginin (SK
48:511) They planted thorns, thinking to reap
grapes: 3) | syn: dirutin [2]] to mow, cut down (K):
•Meri wusa ji §ur§ wan dik’etin, gawa
qami§e biri dik’eve, gaxe wana pe
k’elendiye tuj diginin (EP-8) [The enemies’]
men fell at their [=the Khan's warriors'] swords, as
cut reeds fall, when thev are mowed down with
sharp scythes ; 4) to weave, sew (K/IFb); to knit
(M). | also: [tchinin] (JJ); <ginin (digine)
(«uj>j)> (HH)| [Pok. 2. k^ei- 637.] 'to pile up, to
gather, put in order: O Ir *kay- (Tsb 43-4): Av
1 kay- (pres. cinav-/cinv-/cin-) = 'to select,
exchange, distinguish 1 ; P cidan (-Cln-)
= 'to pick, to arrange’; Sor ginin[ewe] [o,*].™^
(-gin-) = ’gather, glean'; Za ginena [ginayi§] (Srk);
Hau giniey (gin-) vt. = ’to pluck' (M4)
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/M]
<gandin>
ginki = because. See gimk’i.
g’ipik f (). drop (of blood or water) : *Du
g’ipik xuna re§ (Z-2) Two drops of black blood.
{also: gipk (GF)) (syn: g’ilk; dilop; niqitk; p’e§k 1}
[Z-2/OK/Zeb//GF]
gipk (GF) = drop. See g’ipik.
A V
g’iq ^ in. (-e; ). branch, twig (K/JB3); tip of the
branch (IFb): *Te gima dewsa kevezane
deste xwe ew giqe t’eze §inbilyi biri?
(Abbasian #6:144) Why have you cut that green
branch in place of [=to replace] the stick [you carry
in] your hand? {also: guq (HB-2); <giq> ^ (HH)]
{syn: gull II; §ax [1]; ta VI| According to Abbasian,
<Arm dial, cal tfQq, (W Arm jyul af»Lq); Cf. Sor
gil [HB/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF] See also g’iqil
[ 1 ].
giqa (B/Ba2) = bow much. See giqas.
giqas intrg. 1) how much {cf. gend = how
many for count nouns}: »Te giqwas da? (Kzl)
111
How much did you pay?; -giqas ... ewqas {or,
... usa ji) = as ... as; the ... the: • Meme giqas
bfrxem bti, Al-p’a§a ewqas besebir dibfi (Z-
1) M. was as carefree as A. was impatient *(^iqas
Memd zindaneda diKeliya usa ji Zina delal
diha ze’f bona Meme xwe diKeliya u
dip’eriti (Z-l) The more M. "melted’' in prison.
the more darling Z. melted and pined for him; 2)
how ...!: *£iqas xwe§ e ev xwendin! (AB)
How good this studying or reading is! •Dibini
Osil i giqas aqile? (Ba) Do you see how smart
Joseph is? ;3) [+subj.] how ever much, no matter
how much: *£iqas xirabye biki... (Dz) No
matter how much evil you do... *Le giqa ji
§ivana u seed wana miqati li pez nekirana,
diqewimi, weki gura mik-dudu birindar
dikirin (Ba2:l, p.203) But no matter how much
the shepherds and their dogs cared for the sheep, it
happened that the wolves wounded a sheep or two.
{also: giqa (B-2/Ba2); giqasi (Ba); giqwas (Kzl);
[fiikas ^UbVtchiqa (JJ); <giqas> (HH)|
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/TF/OK//HH// Ba//Ba2] <gend>
giqasi (Ba) = how much. See giqas.
■ ■
giqeys (K) = each, every. See giqeyse.
giqeyse <w><ui3.. [+pl.] each, every: *Q]iqeyse
rdwiye go derbas bibin (L) Every traveler who
passes by. {also: giqeys (K)) {syn:gi§k; hemii; her)
[L/K]
g’iqil Jjb* m.(K)/f.(OK) (). l) { syn: gull II; §ax [1]; ta
VI) branch: *Bi ’ezminva g’iqle dara hebun,
eskere wi gi§ka siliKe xwe exstin u
g’ilqava darda kirin (EH) Throughout the sky
there were tree branches, all of his soldiers took off
their weapons and hung them up [on the trees]; 2)
{=Sor singulke hook, projection used for
hanging (Zeb/Dh) [guqum (Zeb)]; 3) variant (K).
{also: g’ikil (K/Dh); giliq (GF-2); giqilk (IFb-2); giqul
(TF); guqulk (IFb-2); guqum (Zeb); [tchikil] JSo* (JJ))
[F/JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK//TF//K/JJ/Dh] <dar I> See
also g’iq.
giqilk ciLEb. (IFb) = branch. See g’iqil.
giqul JjJb. (TF) = branch. See g’iqil.
giqwas (Kzl) = how much. See giqas.
gir I -gir kirin: 1) to rinse under running water
(dishes) (EP-7): *Bona bi desti caria bide
girkirne (FK-eb-2) To have them rinsed by her
maidservants *Ew§ rabK sifre xweyi kevn
t’opkir ... bi caryava bir ser kanie bi§o ti.
girke (EP-7) She gathered up her old food utensils
... and took them with her maidservants to the
spring to wash and rinse [them]; 2 ) to cascade, flow
down (of waterfalls) (IFb). [EP-7/IFb]
g’ir Il/gir II [IFb] adj. stretchable, elastic; sticky,
gluey, ropy, viscous, rubbery; sinewy, wiry,
stringy; tough (of meat) (K); lean, skinny (of person)
(K) : *axa gir (Zeb/GF) sticky or clay-like earth
•beni§te gir (Zeb) stretchy [chewinglgum
•hevire gir (Zeb) stringy dough *nane gir
(Bw/Zeb) rubbery bread, which is not easy to chew
•§iva gir (IFb) resilient stick (hard to bend
because it is young and green and strong j. [also:
<gir> (HH); <gir> >> (Hej)) Sor gir
[Bw/Zeb/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/Hej]
g’ir* a I 1 >> f (•aya; # e). lamp, light: •Qlira ve ket
(AB) The lamp flared up. {also: girax; [tchira]
(JJ); <gira> I(HH)) Cf. P caray > 2 ., T girag; Sor
gira I> 5 .; Hau girawi f. (M4)
[AB/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <§emal [3]>
gira II )(Dz) = why. See gima.
girahurk*a ^ f (• a; ). Hanukah, Jewish
holiday in early winter (December): •[Cirahftrka
Cuhiyana sere zivistan e] (Brauer, 336) Little
lights of the Jews, [means] beginning of winter.
"hdat Chera Hurka" = ’Feast of the small lights'
(Hanukah) [Brauer, p.336]; < gira = 'lamp, light’ +
hur = 'tiny 1 [Brauer]
g’irandin vt. (-g’irin-). 1 ) {syn: dirandin;
p’eritandin; qeli§andin [l]/qela§tin) to tear, rip (vt.)\
2 ) to fib, tell lies (Qzl). | also: girandin (M))
[BK/K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK/Qzl//M] <g’irin>
girax ^^ = lamp. See g’ira I.
girgirok = tale. See g’irok.
gire-gir ^ (F)/g’ifeg’ir ^ 0 ^ (B) = creak, squeak,
• • y • y •
crash. See g’irke-g’irk.
gir • ik I J^ f. (*ka; ). second, 60th of a minute:
*
•Heta gend girket di (Zeb) In another couple ol
seconds, {also: girk (IFb/GF/OK)) {syn/keli}
[Zeb//IFb/GF/OK]
gir • ik II f ( • ka; ). boiled do$av [grape
molasses! mixed with pepper, believed to be good
for the throat . {also: <girik> J(Hej)) [Zeb/Hej]
<do§av>
g’irisandin (jjjL ^3. (Z-2) = to shine. See g’irftsandin.
Qiri f (-ya;-ye). name of two autumn months:
1) October {syn: Cotmeh (Wit)) -Qiriya p§§in
(GF/OK/RZ)/giriya p§§in (IFb/B)/giriya beri
112
(0K-2)/Ciriya ewil (JB3)/[tchiriia evel] Jgl
(JJ)/[tjeria awell] (BG) October: •f^iriye u
Ciriye, mal t’er t’iji ye, mirov dibine
xwe§iye] (BG) In October and November, the
cattle are sated and full, mankind lives pleasantly
[proverbial expression]: corresponds to last part of
Miran ^l^/Rezber (P mehr [Libra] &
1st part of Gelarezan MyjjhUf(P aban ^Ll)
[Scorpio]; 2) November [sra: Mijdar (Wit)}
-£iriya pa§in (GF/RZ)/£iriya pa§in
(IFb/B)/[tchiriia pachi] (JJ)/[tjeria pachy]
(BG) November; Some dictionaries (K/JB3/OK) list
Qiriya navin as November, and £iriya
pa$in/pa$in as December , but this is not followed
in practice: corresponds to last part of Gelarezan
(P aban jLl) [Scorpio]# 1st part of
Agirdan -jb^o/Sermawez (P azer jA)
[Sagittarius], {also: <giri> (HH)( Cf. Ar tisrin
0^ [F/K/fB3/IFb/B/fJ/OK/RZ//HH//BG] <gile I>
g’irin vi. (-g’ir-). 1) {svn: dirhi I; qeli^in [2|] to
be torn, ripped (BK/K/IF); to tear, rip (A): 2) to
squeak, creak (B). {also: giryan (-girye-) (NI)}
[BK/K/A/IFb/B/TF/OK] <g’irandin>
girk (IFb/GF/OK) = second. 60th of a minute. See
girik I.
girke-girk (F/IFb)/girkegirk (A)/g’irke-
g’irk (K)/g’irkeg’irk (B) f/m.(L) (/-e; -e; ). 1)
[syn; qirg’e-qirg’J creak(ing), squeak(ing); crackling,
crash: •BH ... girkegirke ben u §iritane (L)
There was a squeaking of ropes and lines: 2) (syn;
qirg’e-qirg 1 ) gnashing, gritting (of teeth) (F/K/B); 3)
{also: gire-gir CF); g’ifeg'if (B); glfeglr (B-2)]
chirring (of crickets) (IFb). [ also: gire-gir (F);
g’ifegbf (B); g’ifeglr (B-2): girkegirk (L)] Cf. Sor
girkegirk = ’ticking, clicking, crackle'
[L//K//F/IFb//A/B]
girpe aj>>* m. (). siege tower (SK): protective shed for
besiegers, vinea , a moving fence or shelter lor the
attacking side (ST[English translation-note, p. 6]):
wooden four-legged pavilion-like structure, lor
attacking fortresses and high-walled structures of
the enemy (ST[Sorani-note, p.4 (2nd group)]):
•[Suto got: Ho nabet, lazime bi girpe
bigine bin qesre] (ST-o, p.16 (2nd group)) &
Seto got: ho nabet gerek bi girpe bi gine
bin avahiye (ST-1, p.21) Suto said, “This will not
do, we must approach the fort w r ith a ‘chirpaV’
1 also : <girpe> aj>>. (ST-o)} Cf. P cahar pa =
four-legged, quadruped' [ST/SK]
giruk adj. 1) corrupt, dishonest, scandalous; 2)
i svn: gikus; devbe§: qesis: rijd} stingy, greedy,
selfish, miserly, parsimonious (Bw/GF); 3) defective
(of a weapon that fails to go off) (Bw). 1 also: [ciruk]
(JJ); <giruk> (HH)1 Sor giruk =
parsimonious, stingy, unsound'
[Bw/K/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
g’irusandin vt. (-g’irusin-). to cause to
shine: to polish, shine (vt .). {also: g’irisandin (Z-2)J
\syn: biriqandin; biruskandin: teyisandin) [Z- 2 /K/BJ
g'irusm vi. (-g’irus-). 1) to shine (vi.) ; 2)
to give off sparks: 3) to be blinded, dazzled (by
bright light) (HH). {also: giruskin (IFb); gurisin (F);
[tchiroustin] (JJ); <girisin (digir[i]se)
(HH)) (syn: biriqin; birus[k]in; teyisin]
IK/B//IF//F//JJ//HH]
g’irusin
w -
VI.
g’irusk f. ( 1) shine; 2) {syn : bap’e§k;
pe§k III[1]: p’et: pirisk) spark, {also: [cirisk]
(JJ)} Cf. P sirisk = tears, sparks’
[ K / B / / A / J B 3 /1F b / / J J ]
giruskin (IFb) = to shine. See g’irflsin.
gist (K/IFb/TF) = nimble. See gust.
(). in playing with knucklebones [k’ap II], a
double win [qezeng], e.g., du mir (qv.) or du ker
(qv.). {syn: ^zirt) [Qzl] <k’ap II>
gito Xjo. intrg. how?: •Em gito bikin (L) What [lit.
'how'] should we do? How should we act? {also:
gitow: gituv (M-Ak)) {syn: gavva; gere (Kg)}
[L/K/IFb/SK/GF/OK]
gitow = how. See gito.
gituv (M-Ak) = how. See gito.
g’ivan (B) = bend, twist. See g } ivane.
g’ivan^e f/m.(K) ( ;•§/). bend, twist, turn(ing)
(e.g.. in a road) : •Hema wi gaxi me dtt gewa
gureki teriki, ti§teki devda nava kevirada
g’ivana dide, hevraz direve (Ba2:2, p.205) At
that very moment we saw a huge wolf with
something in its mouth winding its way [lit. ’it gives
twists’] through the rocks, running upward «riya
g 5 ivan[e] (B) a winding, serpentine road, {also:
g’ivan (B-2)) [Ba2/F/K/IFb/B/GF]
givanok (Wlt-56/RF) = anecdote. See gtvanok.
givir Q dj. very greasy, oily, rich, fatty (of food),
{also: givr (IFb/GF) } [syn: *bi run) P Carb ^Sor
gewr^A^. [Qzl//IFb/GF] <bez I; rij; tewa§>
g’ivik (Ba2/K/HH) = sparrow. See g’flk I.
113
givit owJ»- f. (-a;-e). indigo, bot. Indigofera ticntoria.
{also: civit (GF); giwit (IFb/AA); [tchivid] aj* 3 . (JJ);
<giwit> (Hej)} { syn: he§} T givit
[Wn/Btm/Xrz//GF//IFb/AA/Hej//JJ]
givr (IFb/GF) = greasy. See givir.
givt f. ( ;-e). 1 ) { 5 yn: p’efiin; refes} kick(ing),
strike with the foot: •...u mina kareke xezala
givt dide, direve (Ba- 1 , #27) ...and she kicks
like a fawn [and] runs off; -givt avitin (B)/~kirin
(K)/~le dan (K) to kick; 2) butt(ing), strike with the
horns, {also: cifte (F); gift (XF)} Cf. Sor cute =
'kick with both hind legs' [Ba- 1 /K/B//XF//F]
g’ivte-g’ivt <^ 3 <uJt 3 . f. (-a;-e). chirping, tweeting
(of birds) : •g’ivteg’ivta g’ivika (Ba 2 ) the
chirping of birds/sparrows. [also: [tchiwe-tchiw
/tchiwte-tchiwt o(JJ)}
•• #• •• «• •• •• •• ^ ^ /
[Ba 2 /K/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
gi waxt (Ag) = when? See giwext.
giwext 03033 . intrg. when? {also: gi waxt (Ag)} {syn:
gigaxi (B); k’engi} < gi = 'what' + wext = 'time'
[Bg/ / Ag]
giwit 0033 . (IFb/AA) = indigo. See givit.
gixare £jG* 3 . (A) = cigarette. See cigare.
gix (-a; ). bangs (of hair): -gix u bisket xo
berdan (Zeb) to let one’s bangs grow, {also: <gix>
A*. (Hej)} [Zeb/Hej] <bisk>
giyalLw (JB3/IFb/GF/0K) = mountain. See g’iya.
giyayi (Lab/IFb/GF) = mountain dweller. See
g’iyayi.
gizirik (Qrj) = crackling, bits of sheep fat. See
kizik.
gi fjx = what. See gi.
g’la U-o. (B) = mountain. See g’iya.
g’ig’ek f. ( ;-§). 1 ) {syn: gul; kulilk; mom}
flower; 2 ) woman's name, {also: [tchitchek]
(JJ)} < T gigek = 'flower' [HB/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
gigik I (L/JB3) = breast; udder. See g’ig’ik.
• •
g’ig’ik II m. (). small amount, little bit:
•C’ig’ike nan bide min (B) Give me a little bit
of bread *Ez£ g’ig’ikeki razem (B) I am going
to sleep for a little bit. {also: g’ig’ike[k] (B); gigkek
(GF); g’iqek (JBl-S)} (syn: hindik; kem I; pigek)
[EP-5/K/B//GF//JB1-S]
g’!g’ike[k] [J]*£*3 (B) = little bit. See g’ig’ik.
• »
gigkek (GF) - little bit. See g’ig’ik.
• ■
gidar j) f. ( ;-e]. legirons, footshackles: -qeyd u
gidar/qeyd H gitale (EP-7) fetters and
footshackles. {also: gital (EP-7); [tchidar] jIao. (JJ)}
Cf. P Cadar Ijo = ’cord or silk fetters for horses’
^ •»
[Z-l/K/B/JJ] <qeyd; zincir>
g’ik-sai (XF) = clear (of sky). See g’ik-sayi.
g’ik-sayi adj. clear, perfectly clear; sky-blue:
•«
• sibeke g’ik-sayi (Ba-1, #7) one bright morning.
{also: giksayi (IFb); g’ik-sai (XF)} [Ba-i//XF] <sayi I>
giligili C5 lo« ; Xo(IFb) = bat (flying mouse). See gil II.
gil-sipi J-o adj. pure white, snow-white: •dewS
•»
gil-sipi (Alkan, 71) snow-white buttermilk
• weke se heken gil-sipi (Alkan, 71) like three
snow white eggs, {also: gil-spi (IFb)} {syn: qerqa§;
spi 1} [Alkan//IFb]
gil-spi J-o (IFb) = snow white. See gil-sipi.
gim I m. (-§; ). calf of the leg: *L§ bi rakirin
a linge we ra “§irpin” ji gime we hat ... Pe
ra ji gizek tuj, ku heta we gave neditibu,
ket gime we (MB, p.64) But upon lifting her leg,
a crunching sound came from her calf ... with it a
dull ache, the likes of which she had never before
experienced, beset her calf, [syn: belek II; boqil;
paq) [MB/A] <ling>
gim II (Z-4) = hoof of even-toed ruminants. See
gim.
giman jL-3 (Z-l/K/B) = meadow. See gimen.
gimen m. ( ; gimen [K/B], vi gimeni). 1)
{syn: gayir [1]; merg) meadow; 2) lawn (JB3). {also:
giman (Z-l/K/B); [tchimen] (JJ); <gimen
gim (HH)} Cf. P Caman T gimen
[Z-l/K/B// A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH]
gin f/m.(K) (-a/; ). 1) layer, stratum; 2) social
class: *Rizgariya pireka Kurd, bi ya netewa
we ve H bi taybeti ji bi ya gina w£ ve
gir£dayi ye (Ber #7, p.10) The liberation of tbe
Kurdish woman is tied to the liberation of her
nation, and especially to the liberation of her class.
Rus cin nHH = 'rank 1 ; Sor gin = 'stratum, layer,
fold, class’ [Ber/K/IF/GF]
ginar jL^ (K) = plane tree. See ginar.
giner (B) = plane tree. See ginar.
gip <^3 f.(K/B)/m.(OK) ( ;-e/). 1) {syn: t’e§k} shin,
anat. Tibia (K); calf (of leg) (JB3/IFb); 2) bird’s leg
(Ad). [Ad/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/0K] <ling>
g’iqek (JBl-S) = little bit. See g’ig’ik.
g’ir ^3 m. (-e; ). thin sheet of sun-dried apricot or
other dried fruit pulp eaten as a confection; dried pressed
fruit roll (T pestil; Ar qamar al-dln qjjJ) ^ }
(IF/A/Mzg); plum (JJ); plum skin (BK). {also: girik
(A/IF-2); [tchirik] J ^3. (JJ)} (syn:bastiq} Arm
14
t
>i
c‘ir = 'dried fruit' [BK/IFb/Mzg/Srk/K§//A/JJ]
<aluge; herug; incas; kagkagk; kitik I; mi§mi§>
girandin (M) = to tear, rip (vt.) . See
g’irandin.
giranok = tale. See g’irok.
g’ireg’ir (B) = creak, squeak, crash. See
g’irke-g’irk.
girik (A/IF) = pressed fruit roll. See gir.
girkegirk (L) = creak, squeak, crash. See
g’irke-g’irk.
g’irok A [ 5.^3 f- (-a;-e). story, tale, folktale: # 5 irok,
§ev§n zivistan§ xwe§ derbaz dikin (AB)
Tales make winter evenings pass nicely *Dapira
min ji min ra girokan dibeje (AB) My
grandmother tells me stories; -g’irok gotin = to
tell a story: *Hune ji mi re girokeke bejin (L)
You (will) tell me a story, {also: gerok (M); girgirok;
giranok; girong (MK); [tchi-rouk] (}J);
<gerok> (HH)) { syn: liekyat; mesel; qise [1]}
See etymological note under g’§T. Sor girok _^-o^
[L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/0K//M/HH//MK]
<dirok; kurteg’irok>
g’irokbej m.&f. (). storyteller, {also:
g’irokvan (K-2/IFb-2/GF-2/TF); g’irokzan (K-2);
<gerokvan> (HH)) {svn: biwije, m. (JB3);
liekyatgi (F)| < c’irok = 'story' + bej- = ’to tell 1
[Ba2/K/IFb/GF//TF//HH] <dengbej>
g’irokvan (K/IFb/GF/TF) = storyteller. See
g’irokbej.
g’irokzan (K) = storyteller. See g’irokbej.
girong (MK) = tale. See g’irok.
g’irt (K/B) = bird droppings. See g’ert.
giryan (-girye-) (M) = to be torn, ripped. See
g’irin.
git I m. (-e; ). 1) (syn: perde) curtain, drape (K);
♦
cloth used as curtain and room divider in tents
(A/HH): »Qiza te ji, di naben git u perda de
ye (L) As for your daughter, she is in the women's
quarters [lit. ’among the drapes and curtains']; 2)
[f.(B)] partition (B); partition made of basket weave
used in animal pens (IFb); 3) {syn: futik (IFb))
woman's white headdress (IFb/Mzg); 4) calico cloth
(K/B). {also: [tchit] ^ (JJ); <git> (HH))
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/Jj/HH/Mzg]
git II (IFb) = cockerel. See g’et.
♦
gital Jb-o. (EP-7) = legirons, footshackles. See gidar.
givanok JjpliLo* f. Q. 1) anecdote, short tale (Bw/A):
•Qi roj naborin bi dehan girok ft givanok
ft peyamen cuda cuda nebihistin li mal ft
li nev bazari ft li dairen xwe ft li her
ciheki, ku filan berpirsi ho got ft filan
ti§te buy ... le pi§ti liduvgftneka bigftk d§
derkevit givanokeka vehandi ft mezinkir!
ft dftr ji rastiyan ... ev givanoke "gotgotk"
in (BH-back cover) No day passes when [we]
haven't heard tens of stories and anecdotes and
tales, at home and in the market and in our offices
and everywhere, that so-and-so said such-and-such,
or such-and-such happened ... but after a small
investigation it turns out to be a made-up and
exaggerated anecdote, far from the truth ... these
anecdotes are "rumors"; 2 ) formula found in
folktales (RF) [T tekerleme]. {also: givanok (Wlt-
56/RF)] [Bw/A/BH//Wlt/RF] <qelibotk; qirwelk>
gixin m. (-e;-i). (tent) stake, post; sharp tool
for digging up turnips, radishes, etc. {syn: sing I)
[Bw]
g’iya m. (g’iyaye/g’iye; g’iyd, vi g’iyayi).
mountain, {also: giya (JB3/IFb/GF/OK-2); g’ia (B-2);
[tchiia] Lo. (JJ); <giya> L*. (HH)) {syn: bani II; diyar
II; goh) Cf. P cakad jGL = 'mountain
peak/top/crest'; = Sor kew^lT& §ax^U
[AB/F/K/JBl-A/TF/0K//JJ//JB3/IFb/HH/GF] <gel
II; gir II; qunt’ar>
g’iyayi m.&f. (). mountain dweller,
highlander, mountaineer: «Ez ne giyayi ft ne ji
de§ti me (Lab, 7) I am neither a mountain dweller
nor a plains dweller, {also: giyayi (Lab/IFb/GF))
[Lab/IFb/GF//K/A/TF]
go m./f.(OK) (-ye/-we [BK- 2 ]; ). 1 ) {syn: gogan;
gomax; gopal; metreq; §iv) stick, staff, rod;
shepherd's staff; 2 ) blow or hit with a stick: *De ka
ez binerim be te gend go xwarine, tu
mereki gawa ye! (Ardu, p.117) Let me see how
many times you've been hit with their stick, let me
see what kind of man you are! {also: gop (A-2); gov
(HB); [tchol^(JJ)) [HB//K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/0K/BK]
gogik f ( ladle (smaller than hesk). [also:
gugik III (IFb); <gugik> (HH/Hej)}
[K/B/FJ//IFb/HH/Hej] <gemgik; hesk>
gog ^ 3 . (L) = knee. See gok.
gogan m. Q. 1 ) {syn: go; gomax; gopal; metreq;
§ivik) stick, staff, rod; 2 ) sceptre (HH/GF); 3)
hockey stick, cross, golf club, etc. {also: goxan
[gogan] (A); [tchougan] (JJ); <gugan>
(HH)] [K/A/JB3/IFb/GF//JJ/HH]
115
gok f,/m.(Bw) (-a/-e;-e/-i). knee (K/JB3);
kneecap (IF): •Qudtim hat ber goked min (K) I
felt strong [lit. ’Strength came to my knees']
•Qudum goke wanda nema (Z-l) They felt
weak; -gok dan (K) to genuflect, kneel, {also: gog;
gong (BX/EP-4); kog I (Dh); [tchok] (JJ)} (syn:
ejnu; kabok) Sor gok [= ejno ]; Hau goke /.
(M4) [Z-l/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/OK/Bw//BX/EP-4//Dh [
<sevsevok>
gol Jjp. f. (-a;-e). 1 ) { syn : beri II; pasar (Haz)}
desert, wilderness; prairie, steppe: *Gavan ji
gole hat (L) The cowherd came [back] from the
prairie; rgol ft golistan (B) do. 2 ) ^pasture; 3)
* mountain (L). {also: [tchol Jj^/tcholi (JJ);
<gol Jj^/golistan c jL*J 3 >.> (HH)) < T gol = 'desert 1 ;
Y
Sor gol Jjp. = 'unoccupied, deserted, open country,
desert'; Hau golm. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
golik I = dim. of gol.
golik II m. (). a cheese made of dried yoghurt
or strained dew [qv.] ]T gokelek) [IFb/Qzl]
<gortan; lorik; toraq>
golik III 4Jj^> /. (-a; ). toilet, restroom, "head,"
"loo," "can," slang term, {also: <golik> 4 U 33 . (HH))
{syn: avdestxane; avrej I; da§ir (Dyr); destavxane;
edebxane [1]; qedemge (Czr)) [Msr/HH/GF]
golf I adj. 1 ) having to do with the wilderness;
native or resident of the wilderness; 2 ) (syn: hov;
k’uvi; For II; weh§ [3]) wild. [HB/K/A]
goli II Jjp* (Zeb/Hej) - leafy branches used for sheep
fodder. See g’ilo II.
gomaq qL.Jp- (F/JJ) = club; staff; rod. See gomax.
gomax (K/Ba 2 /Ag) = club; staff; rod. See
gomax.
gomax m. ( ; gomeix. vi gomaxi). 1 ) (syn:
cinih; go; gogan; gopal; metreq; §iv[dar]( club,
cudgel; staff, crook; rod, staff; stick, cane:
•[Pexember ... melekeki mezin dit ku
deholeke z§de cesim di esto da ye u
gomaxeki mezin di desti da ye] (JR- 2 ) The
prophet saw a large angel with a very wide drum
[strapped] around his neck and a large stick in his
hand; 2 ) a blow with a club: *[Eger mirofek ji
layifa xwendiyan ihsan ti. sedeqeyeke
weyaxti te’am ti. zadeki bidine feqtreki ez
de gomaxeki li ve dehole bidim] (JR- 2 ) If
someone from the class of the learned should give
charity or food to a poor person, I will strike a
blow on this drum, {also: gomaq (F); gomax
(K/Ba2-2/Ag); [tchoumaq] (JJ)) Cf. Az T
comag [JR/Ba2/B//K/Ag//F/JJ]
gon (M) = to go. See gun.
gong (BX/EP-4) = knee. See gok.
gop (A) - stick. See go.
goqgoq (Krg) = turkey (fowl). See coqcoq.
gorin f ()• wild herb that grows in the
mountains, used to season rice (similar to lu§
[li§]): -birinca bi lu§ u gorin (Bar) rice
seasoned with tbese herbs. [Bar/Zeb]
gortan jbjjp- pl./m.(Krg) (-§; gortin [Krg], vi
gortani) dried cheese made of curds or skimmed
milk, rolled into balls (K/IFb); soft Kurdish cheese,
curds (JJ): -dewe gortan (Krg) yoghurt drink made
with dried curds, {also: [tchortan] Jo (JJ);
<gortan> Jo (HH)) (sun: ke§k)
[HB/K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/Krg] <golik II; toraq>
gov Jy*. (HB) = stick. See go.
gowal Jbjcpr = sack. See gewal.
gox m . (-§; ). 1) broadcloth, thick woolen
fabric; heavy, coarse cloth: *Leyle rabu dawa
dere xwe, guxe xwe biri (EP-5, #15) Leyla cut
off the lap of her dress, of her coarse coat; 2) man's
long cloth garment (K/B). {also: goxe (K[s]/GF); gux
(K/B); gux (B-2); [tchoukh] ^ (JJ); <gox> ^ (HH)|
Cf. T guha = ’broadcloth'; Hau goxe f. = 'homespun
choglia jacket' (M4) [HB/K(s)/A/HH//K/B/JJ] <cang:
caw>
goxe *yy>. (K[s]/GF) = broadcloth. See gox.
goxan (A) = stick. See gogan.
gu 33 . (Zx/JJ/JBl-A&S/SK/OK-2) = none, not any. See
t’u II.
guli (M-Am) = leafy branches used for sheep
fodder. See g’ilo II.
guq (HB) = branch. See g’iq.
guqulk (IFb) = branch. See g’iqil.
guqum (Zeb) = hook. See g’iqil [ 2 ].
gust adj. quick, nimble, agile: •Wezifa bende
ewe bit, bigim, bigefyem, li neziket
gundan negireki we-binimewe. Wexte ko
min ditewe bih@m, xeber bidem e gurgi,
da ew ji bihet, hari min bihajot, gonko ew
ji min gusttir o bi-qowettir:e (SK 6:63) Let it
be my duty to go and wander about and discover
some prey near the villages. When I have found it
let me come and inform the wolf so that he too
may come and help me drive it, for he is more
16
nimble and stronger than me. {also: gist (K/IFb-
2 /TF); gust (IFb- 2 ); <giste> <vc*23 (HH)) ( 53 m: gapik;
geleng [5]} cf. Sor gust-u-galak 3 0 ^ 3 . =
'energetic, lively' [SK/IFb/OK//K/TF//HH]
guwal Jlja. (BK) = sack. See gewal.
gux ^3 (K/B) = coarse cloth; man’s garment. See gox.
gux > 33 . (B) = coarse cloth; man’s garment. See gox.
g’flg’ik I A 3 ^ 3 . adj. 1) {syn: g’uk II; pig’uk; qicik
(Bg)) small, little (Ad/K/B); 2 ) [ni .]child (K); 3 )
[also: <gug> ^ 3 . (HH)) | syn: helik [ 2 ], m. (Msr); kir;
terik [2] (Msr); xir (Msr)) baby boy's penis (Msr).
(g’ug’ikti) [Ad/K/B/Msr//HH]
gugik II A^^ (IFb) = sparrow. See g’uk I.
gugik III (IFb/HH) = ladle. See gogik.
■ •
g’tig’ikti ( yi 3 55 3 f. Q. 1 ) {syn: zaroti) childhood; 2 )
childishness. [K]
guik (IFb) = sparrow. See g’hk I.
guin (F/K) = to go. See gun.
g’uk I A^ m.(OK)/f.(K) ( ;-i/). sparrow, zool.
Passer doinesticus (K/IF/J]); small bird (A/JB3):
-gwfke beytik (L) do. | also: g'ivik (Ba2/K-2);
gugik II (IFb- 2 ); guik (IFb- 2 ); gwik (L); [tchouk A^
/tchevik A 3 ^] (JJ); <guk Jj^/givik A~J^> (HH))
{syn: beytik; gunce§k) [L//K/A/JB3/lFb/jj/MH/Gi r /OK]
g’uk II J 333 . adj. small; young; *Kevotka g’uk
gote ya mezin (FK-eb- 1 ) The youngest dove said
to the oldest one; -t’iliya g’tik (B) pinkie, little
finger {syn: qillg’k/tilTya qilig’ke; *tiliya ba§ikan
(IF); [teliye pecuk] (JJ-PS)). 1 syn: g’ug’ik I; pig’uk;
qicik (Bg)) [K/B]
gun ^ 3 . vi. (-g-/[di]her-; subj. bigim/herim;
imp. here!). 1 ) to go; -bi hev gun = to come to
blows [en venir aux mains); -guyin-hatin (Z-l)
comings and goings: •Quyin-hatina ewqaye
bedew ft k’ubara qet dile Meme ne
diliejand (Z-l) The comings aud goings of such
beautiful and noble [creatures] did not move Mem's
heart; 2 ) to fit; -Du sere ge nagine ser be’lgiki
(Dz) Two good heads don't fit on one pillow [prv.].
{also: gon (M); *gundin (Diyarbakir-BX); guin (F/K);
guyin (BK/Ag); guyin (K/B/IF-2);
[tchoun /tchouin ^ 3 ] (JJ); <gun ^ (dige)
(HH)) gfin: see M 2 , p.71: [Pok. 2 . tuei-
1099.] ’to agitate, shake, toss'—reconstructed by
Kent as *qieu- (§104): Skt Vcyu [cyavati] = 'to
move, shake'; O Ir *cyava- (Schwartz) & *sav-
/*syav- (Tsb 37): Av sav-/syav-; OP siyav- (pres.
syav-/sav-/s[u]v-) (Kent); Pamir dialects: Ormuri
caw-; Parachi ch-/c(h)lm-; Yidgha sui-; Sanglechi
s-; Wakhi Caw-; Shughni saw- = 'to go’ (Morg); P
sodan (-sav-) = 'to go (Early New P &
Afghani) & to become'; Sor gun ^ 3 . (-g-); Za §ena
[§yayi§] (Todd/Srk); Hau §iey [past only] vi. (M4);
her-: [Pok. 1 . ser- 909] ’to flow': Skt Vsar [sarati] =
'to flow.' Sgd displays a suppletion from the same
root: sw-, with past tense xrt-
[A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/OK//F/K/B//BK/Ag]
*gundin (Diyarbakir-BX) = to go. See gtin.
gur I m. (-e; ). angora goat, variety of domestic
goat with long, silky hair (mohair) known as
merez (qv.). {also: [tchour] ^ 3 . (JJ); <gur> ^ (HH)}
{syn: fiitik) Sor kur JJ3 r = 'angora kid'
[Bw/Elk/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <kej II; liva; merez; ris>
gut II J333. adj. denoting various pigments for hair : 1)
blonde (K/JJ/HH/IFb/GF); 2) red-haired, redhead
(K/B/JJ). {also: [tchour] ^3 (JJ); <gur> ^ (HH))
[K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/RZ] <kej I>
gurisin (F) = to shine. See g’irfisin.
gust 0 ^ 333 . (IFb) = nimble. See gust,
guyin (BK/Ag) = to go. See gtin.
guyin ^^ 3 . (K/B/IF) = to go. See gfin.
guyin-hatin (Z-l) = comings and goings. See
under gun.
gwik JL )3 (L) - sparrow: -gwike beytik (L) do. See
g’uk I.
117
c ~
-dab psp. postpositional suffix indicating position
(place where), used in conjunction with
prepositions, or alone in certain dialects : 1) in, at
[=di ...-da]: *Em Al-p’a§a, pirejina wi u
Mem§ delalva bih§lin §ehere
Muxurzemineda (Z-l, p.45) Let us leave Al-
pasha, his old wife, and Meme delal in the city of
Mukhurzemin »Min kesek di diniyayeda, di
nava eciniyada di nava ‘insanada, weke
Meme Alan di xortada delal ne ditiye (Z-2,
p.68) In the whole world, among jinns and mortals,
I haven’t seen any young man as beautiful as Meme
Alan; -gundda (B) in the village; -malda (B) at
home; -t§da = in it, inside it [=di wi/we da]; 2)
from, starting from [=ji...-da]: -jorda (K/B) from
above; -ziida (K/B] since a long time ago. {also: -de
(GF/TF); [da] 1 j (JJ)1 Sor -da b
[BX/IFb/B/JJ//GF/TF]
da I b (IF/A/JJ) = mother. See de I.
da II b conj. 1) {syn: bila; bona [2]; deqene; beta ko
[4]; weki [2]) [+ subj.] in order that, in order to, so
that particularly in southern dialects ; sometimes
best translated with should or let : »Da bigine
mal (M-Ak, 626) Let us go home # ...da bizanit
nemaye (M-Ak) He should know that there is
none left »Da nemiritin sermada (M-Ak, 544) It
ought not to (be left to) die in the cold •[Here
gazi gundiyan bike, da pered wan bidim]
(JJ) Go call the villagers, so that I can give [them]
their money •flileyek& bike da ... xilas bibin
(M-Ak, 556) Make some ruse (so) that we may be
saved; -da ko (BX/K) do.; 2) until, {also: [da] b (JJ)}
[BX/M/K/JJ/JB1-A&S/SK/GF]
daba§ Lb f. (-a; ). subject, topic: -daba§ kirin
(IFb) to investigate, look into, research: »Anku
bes e ku bib§jin Kurd daba§a (bahsa)
biskan, gavan ft xiyala guliyan u tunciken
xwe§ik bikin, div6 ku §di bahsa
Kurdistan^, daba§a war, zozan, av, gem,
kani, bax, bostan, gul b gulistanen we
bikin (Rw§ #2, p.15) In other words, enough of
saying that Kurds investigate [only] curls of hair,
eyes, and imaginings of beautiful bangs and locks;
it is time to study Kurdistan, to investigate its
encampments, pastures, water, rivers, springs,
gardens, and flowers, {also: <daba§> jibb (HH)}
{syn: babet I[ 2 ]; mijar) [Rw§/(K)/A/IFb/HH]
dabeliandin (da-beliin-) (IFb) = to swallow.
See beli’andin.
da bellandin (GF) = to swallow. See
beli’andin.
da»binartin vt. (da-diner-), to plant
(trees); to hoist, raise (flags): *Em ala rengin
dabinerin bilindciyan (IFb) Let’s hoist the
colorful flag high, {syn: g’ikandin I[3]; g’ikilandin;
dag’ikandin (F/K/JJ)} = Sor na§tin (-nej-)
[]B3/IFb/OK] <gandin>
dagek f. (-a; ). preposition: -dageka duta (K)
paired preposition (e.g., ji ser, li ber; see K2, §386);
-dageka hesa/~asan (K) simple preposition, {syn:
bernav} [(neol)K/IFh/GF/TF/OK]
da •g’ikandin vt. (da-g’ikin- ). to plant
(trees, flowers, etc.) ; to insert, stick, thrust, plunge
(into stg.). {also: [da-tchikandin] ^jjlSG.b (JJ))
{syn: g’ikandin I[3]; g’ikilandin; dabinartin QB3/IF);
nig’ikandin [3]) =Sor na§tin (-nej-)
[F/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK] <gandin; g’ikandin I>
da»dan vt. (da-d-). 1) {syn: daxistin [4];
hilkirin[ 2 ]; pexistin; vexistin; ^temirandin;
^vemirandin; ^vesandin) to light, kindle, ignite
(stove) : •Jinike rabil tender dada (Dz) The
woman got up and lit the stove •fizingan bine,
em agir dadin (AB) Bring firewood, so that we
can light the fire; 2 ) to lock, shut up: »Derg§d
keleye pola dadin (Z-l) Lock the steel gates of
the fortress; 3) {syn: danin [5]; veni§tin) to alight,
land, perch, descend from on high (Hk/IFb). {also:
[dadan] <jbb (JJ); <dadan <jbb (dadide)
(HH)} [F/Dz/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH] <[l] sergavk>
dadga (OK) = court. See dadgeh.
dadgah Alfjb (A) = court. See dadgeh.
dadge b (K) = court. See dadgeh.
dadgeh j f. (-a;-§). court (of law), law court:
•DED (=Dadgeha Ewlekariya Dewlet§) 5 a
Stenbol§ (Wit 2:103, p.8) The State Security
Court of Istanbul, {also: dadga (OK); dadgah (A);
dadge (K); dadigeh (IFb/OK-2)} Sor dadga if^b =
118
’law-court' [(neol)VoA/Wlt/GF/TF//OK//A//K//IFb]
<dadpirs>
dadigeh (IFb/OK) = court. See dadgeh.
dadmend adj. just, fair, equitable, [dadmendi)
[(neol)K(s)/IFb/TF/OK]
dadmendi f. (). justice, fairness, equity:
•Komara Tirkiye ne weke bere ye. Iro
p£§ketin, wekhevi heye, dadmendi (edalet)
heye (Wit 2:59, p. 13) The Turkish Republic is not
like before. Nowadays there is progress [and]
equality, there is justice. [(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF/OK]
<dadmend>
dadpirs m. (). judge (in a court of law),
examining magistrate, [svn: hakim; qazi)
[(neol)A/GF/OK] <dadgeh>
daexistin (Zeb) = to lower; to close. See
daxistin.
daf j (IFb) = trap. See dav I.
dafik dib (Msr/A) = trap. See dav I.
da«gerandin jAj vt. (da-gerin-). 1 ) to cause
s.o. to turn off (the roacl) ; to mislead, lead astray;
•Gelek rewinge mina te ji re dadigerine
(EP-7) She leads many travelers like you off the
road; 2) to take or bring down again (from a high
place) , to lower again (Mzg/IFb) 3) to bring back
(JB3/GF); to bring or take back, to return (vt.)
(Haz); 4] to send away (JB3); to send back (IF).
[EP-7/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OKHaz/MzgJ <dagefin>
dageriyan qLjaJIj (JB3/OK) = to come back. See
dagerin.
da*gerin j *$) j vi. (da-ger-). 1 ) to turn, shift,
move (K): »Wextek£ kuger dadigerin (J) Once,
the nomads were moving... [lit. 'are moving’]; 2) to
return, come back (IFb/TF/GF). ( also: dageriyan
(JB3/OK); dageryan (GF)) [K/IFb/B//JB3/OK//GF]
<dagerandin>
dageryan (GF) = to come back. See dagerin.
dagir _/b (K) = occupying. See dagir.
dagirker jtS'JS j (Wit) = occupier. See dagirker.
da*girtin qj vt. (da-gir-). 1) {syn: Fiji kirin) to
fill up: *Ji mi re taseke dahdjin bird, ezd pd
ji we re avd dagirim (L) Lower a bowl into the
well for me, I will fill it with water for you # Ji del
xwe§iyd, te dild min ji xema d kesera
dagirtiye (BX) Instead of joy, you have filled my
heart with pain and concern; -tifing dagirtin
(IFb) to load a rifle; 2) (syn; bar kirin] to load up
(IFb); -bar dagirtin (IFb) to pack up a load; 3) to
seize from all sides (JJ). [also: [da-ghirtin] q-JJSj
(JJ); <dagirtin qj JIj (dadigre) (o (HH))
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
dagir _^/b : -dagir kirin (IFb/OK) to occupy, annex,
conquer, [also: dagir (K)} Sor dagir kirdin
= ’to seize, occupy militarily' [IFb/OK//K]
dagirk’ar (K[s]/OK) = occupier. See dagirker.
dagirker in. (). occupier, invader; conquerer,
member of an occupation force; colonizer:
•Dagirkeran li her pargeydn Kurdistane ev
jenosid ceribandine, le tu car serfiraz
nebune (Wit 1:35, p. 2 ) Occupiers in all parts of
Kurdistan have attempted genocide, but tbey have
never succeeded [in wiping out the Kurds]
•Dagirkeren xwinmij, gelek derd u kul
dagirtine sere me (Wit 1:35, p.4) Bloodthirsty
invaders have filled our heads with much pain and
grief, {also: dagirker (Wlt- 2 ); dagirk’ar (K[s]/OK)) Cf.
Sor dagirker = 'occupying force’
[(neol)Wlt/IFb//K(s)/OK)
daha l&b (B) = still; already. See diha.
da*hatin vi. (da[t]e-). 1) {syn: dak’etin; peya
bun) to descend, go or get down: *Berf date (IF)
Snow is coming down; 2 ) to land (GF/OK).
[K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK] <dahi§tin; dakirin; daxistin [ 1 ]>
dahelandin j (da-helin-) (IFb/OK) = to lower.
See dahi§tin.
dahelanin j (OK) = to lower. See dahi§tin.
dahelan ^^Lab (B/JBl-A/SK/OK) = to lower. See
dahi§tin.
dahelandin jjj'il&b (B/A/GF) = to lower. See
dahi§tin.
dahilandin jjj^fcb (OK) = to lower. See dahi§tin.
dahilanin ^Y^b (K) = to lower. See dahi§tin.
da«hi§tin ^ycijfcb vt. (da-hel-[K]/da-hdj- [L]). to
lower, let down (e.g., into a pit): *Geli bira,
§eriti bi newqa mi ve gird bidin 11 min
dahejin bire (L) Brothers, tie a cord around my
waist and let me down into the well •B. bi §erlti
girddan d dahi§tin hindurd bird (L) They tied
a cord to B. and let him down into the well •Ji mi
re taseke dahejin bire, ezd pe ji we re avd
dagirim (L) Lower a bowl into the well for me, I
will fill it with water for you. {also: dahelandin (da-
helin-) (IFb/OK); dahelanin (OK-2); dahelan (B/JBl-
A/SK/OK-2); dahelandin (B-2/A/GF); dahilandin
119
(QK- 2 ); dahilanin (da-hilin-) (K- 2 ); dehlendin (Wit
2:59, p. 15); [da-hichtin] c j^j*b (JJ)) ( syn: dakirin;
daxistin [l]} Sor dahe§tin j/ daheian jilab
= ’to let down’ [L/K/JJ//IFb/OK//B/JBl-A/SK//A/GF//Wlt
2:59, p.l5]
da*k 3 etin vi. (da-k 3 ev-). 1) to descend, go
down: •Gavan u jina xwe daketin nav gund
(L) The cowherd and his wife went down to the
village *Kur6 pirS daket sdk§ (L) The old
woman's son went (down) to the market; 2 ) to
come out and fight: *Eze dakevim §ere te (L) I
will take you on [in hand-to-hand combat] [lit. 'I
will descend to your battle'] •[Osman beg got
"herdu bira dakevin hev." Herdu daketin
hev, ji subehi Ketta evari) (PS-I 13:30, 1.16-
17) Osman beg said, "Let the two of them fight each
other." The two of them fought each other, from
morning until evening »Ya xorte delal,
dakeve meydane (L) O dandy youth, come out
to the [battle] ground! {also: [da-ketin] (JJ);
<daketin (dadikeve) (HH)) {syn:
dahatin) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<daxistin [l]>
da*kirin vt. (da-k-). l) [syn: dahi§tin) to
lower, let down; to throw, bring down (K); to
unload: *Eze iro tasa mewte li deve te
dakim! (L) Today I'll ram the cup of death into
your mouth [i.e., down your throat]!; 2 ) to take in
(an animal): *Kere wi ji derwe de minit, kes
nadaket (SK 25:231) His donkey will stay
outside, nobody will take it in (to his stall); 3) *to
press (K); (syn: palandin; parzinandin) to strain,
filter (IFb); 4) to dip (A/JB3/TF); 5) *to exchange,
switch, trade (IFb); 6 ) *to imprison (HH). {also:
<dakirin j (dadike) C^^)> (HH))
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
dal Jb (IFb) = valley; forest. See dehl.
daleqandin jjjls Jb (IFb/HH/TF) = to hang. See
daliqandin.
daleqin <^JuJb (TF) = to hang (vi.). See daliqin.
dalere§ jiojJb m. (-§; ). lammergeier, bearded
vulture, ossifrage, zool. Gypaetus barbatus. {also:
dela§ (AA)) Sor dala§ jftlb /dara§ J, 1 jb (Arbil)
[Zeb//AA]
da*liqandin jjjlaJb vt. (da-liqin-). to hang (past:
hung )(vt.)\ to hang up (e.g., coat on a hook) (Msr):
•(Jel kele§ ... islehS xwe timam
daliqandine (L) 40 brigands ... hung up their
weapons *Min §erma ser£ xwe daliqand,
caba wi neda (Ba2:2, p.207) I hung my head in
shame, did not answer him; -xwe daleqandin
(IFb) to hang o.s. (past: hanged). { also: daleqandin
(IFb); dalqandin (A/GF); [dalaqandin] j jjUJb (JJ);
<daleqandin jjjUJb (dadileqine) (<u^Jibb)> (HH))
[syn: darda kirin; hilawistin; raxistin) ?< Ar ‘allaqa
jL = 'to hang’ [L/K/JB3/B/OK/Msr//A/GF//
IFb/HH/TF//JJ] <daliqin>
daMiqin ^j-JL)b vi. (da-liq-). to hang (vi.), to be
hanging, [also: daleqin (TF); dalqin (GF); [daliqin]
(j-JiJb (JJ)) {svn: darda bun (F/IFb))
[F/K/IFb/B/JJ/OK//TF//GFJ <daliqandin>
dalqandin ^jjjUJb (A/GF) = to hang. See daliqandin.
dalqin j-JL)b (GF) = to hang (vi.). See daliqin.
daman jLb (IFb/OK) = flap, panel (of a dress) . See
damen.
damar jLb (K/IFb/JB3) = vein. See temar.
damari (Ba/IFb/B/JJ) = stepmother. See d§mari.
dam*e 4 -b f. ( ;•§). checker(s), draughts: -kevir§
teme (F) checker piece; -listina teme (F) game of
checkers, {also: teme I (F); [tama LLL /tame 4-.lt/
dama /^b] (JJ): <dame> 4-.b (HH)) [syn: k’i§ik
[2]) [Z-2/K/IFb/HH/JBl-S/GF/OK//JJ/F] <kevir [2];
k’i§ik>
damen j^b m. (-e/damne [EP-7]; ). l) {syn: daw
[2]) skirt, flap, panel, hem (of a coat, dress)
(K[s]/IFb/JJ); 2 ) {syn: k 3 o§] lap; loins (EP-7): *ji
damne de (EP-7) from [his] mother's lap/loins; 3)
foot, skirt (of a mountain, etc.) (K[s]). [also: daman
(IFb/OK); [damen] ^b (JJ)) Cf. P daman ^b
[EP-7/K(s)/JJ//IFb/OK] <[3]: p’al [2]; qundax>
da*mezirandin jjjljj^b vf. (da-mezirin-). to
found, establish, set up: *Di sal§n 1843-1846-
an de Mir Bedir-Xan ji bo damezrandina
Kurdistanek serbixwe li diji Imparatoriya
Osmani rabu (Rnh - intro) In the years 1843-
1846, the emir Bedir-Khan rose up against the
Ottoman Empire for the establishment of an
independent Kurdistan, {also: damezrandin (A);
damizrandin (IFb)) (syn: saz kirin) [K(s)//A//IFb]
<li dar xistin>
da*mezirin ^jj^b vi. (da-mezir-). l) to be set
up, founded, established (K/A); 2) [/.] establishment
(IF), {also: damizrin (IFb)) Cf. Sor damezran
<
\Li'i •
Lcte?:
120
q )j = 'to be established, get settled'
[S&E/K/A//IFb]
damezrandin (A) = to establish. See
damezirandin.
damilandin (IFb) = to close (one's eyes). See
damirandin.
da»mirandin vt. (da-mirin-). to close,
shut (one's eyes): »Cave X we ye gepe
dadimirand, ni§andikir ...
(Cankurd:RN2:56[l998ll0) He would close his left
eye, and make a sign ... *Min bi lez ft bez,
xwe tev cilen xwe xiste bin nivine ft
gaven xwe damirandin
(Cankurd:RN2:56[1998]12) I quickly jumped into
bed with my clothes on and closed my eyes, {also:
damilandin (IFb)) {syn: migandin) [RN2//IFb]
damizrandin (IFb) = to establish. See
damezirandin.
damizrin j (IFb) = establishment. See
damezirin.
dan I jlj vt. (-d-/-de- [Bw/M]). 1) to give: »Ez
didim § = I give him/her *Min da e = I gave
him/her •...ku bive bide (Dz) ... to take [it and]
give [it] to him • Hakim qiza xwe na de bi
pera, dide bi §erda (L) The king doesn't give his
daughter [in exchange] for money, he gives [her]
for tasks; -dan dft/pey = to follow, pursue. See
dft III and pey I; -dan ser (FK-eb-1) to chase,
pursue, bear down on, gain on: *Siareki we
daye ser xezale (FK-eh-l) A horseman was
gaining on the gazelle; 2) {syn: damn; kirin [2]} to
put: *E ko keska pexember dide sere xwe,
nahele tu cari bilewite, e te, tu e heri
keska pexember, di nav heriye bidi ft tu
qimeta we nizani (RN 3:52. p.2) He who puts
the green [turban?] of the prophet on his head,
never lets it get dirty, and you, you will go put the
prophets green [turban?) in the mud, you don’t
know its worth *Kewaniya xwe ya ciwan
dide keleka xwe u ji bajare D'e hedi hedi
ber bi bakur dajo (Lab, 6) He puts his pretty
wife at his side and slowly drives north from the
city D •Pa§e bazirganba§i tJsib dide ser
devekS (Ba) Then the caravan leader puts Joseph
on [the back of] a camel; -xwe dane ber: a) to
hide (vi.): *Xwe da ber tftmeki (L) He placed
himself (i.e., hid) behind a bush; b) to expose o.s.
to, be exposed to: *Li deme havin§ bi
milyona xelk xwe didene ber tava roj£ da
ku esmer bin (Ak) During the summer millions
of people lie in (i.e., expose themselves to) the sun
to get a tan; -xwe dane pa§ = to retreat. See pa§;
3) to pay: -p’ere dan (K)/pare dan (IFb) to pay:
•Babe min, ko ewe dikir, pare bi kise wi
dima yan dida? ... madam dftmae dan bit,
§er ft ke§eke§ gi fayde ye? (SK 14:144) When
my father did this did the money stay in his purse
or did he pay? ... since one has to pay in the end,
what is the point of fighting and struggling? *Per§n
ku didane me ne pir bin ji, disa ji ji
mea§en hemil karmend ft karker§n wan
zedetir bftn (AW72B3) Even if they didn't pay us
much, it was still more than the salaries of all the
other employees and workers; 4) [+ inf.] to make,
let, cause stg. to happen: *Wi jere da zanin
ko... = He let him know that... *Ew bazirgan
dide sekinandine (Ba) He had the caravan halt
•Kevotka M. dane razandine (EP-7) The
doves put M. to bed *Tu dikari bi kurtayi
xwe bidi naskirin? (Ber) Can you briefly
introduce yourself? [also: dayin I (BK); dayin I
(K/B/Ag); [dain qAj /dan j)j] (JJ); <dan jta (dide)
(HH) 1 [Pok. do- 223.] ’to give': O Ir *da-
(Tsb 43): Av da- (pres da-/dada-/daGa-); OP ^da-
(Kent); P dadan jj) j; Sor dan jlj (-de-); Za dana
[dayi§] (Todd); Hau day (de-) vt (M4); cf. also Lat
dare; Gr dido SiSco; Rus da(va)t' 7ta(Ba)TB; Arm
tal (W dal) imiiL [A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH/M//K/B/Ag//BK]
dan II jlj m.(B/OK)/pL(K) (-e; d§n [B]). seed,
kernel; grain, particularly threshed and crushed
grain, used in making soups and the like ; cooked
grains of wheat (Haz). {also: dehn (K-2); de’n III
(B/K-2); [dan jta/dayn/dahen (JJ)) Cf. P dane
j = 'grain, seed, stone (of fruit)’—> T tane; Sor
dan jlj = grain' & denik = 'single grain’
[AB/K/A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK/Haz/Qzl/Wn]
<danherk; danqut; danu; heb; lib>
dan III jlj m. (-e; ). 1) eight-hour period, one-third
(1/3) of a day: •Meme miriye dan6 sib§, ez-
negihijime dane nivroja (Z-l) Mem died in the
morning, I won't live to see the noon; -de J n§
§var§ (K) eventide, evening; -de’n§ nivro (K)
noontime, noon; -de’ne sib§ (K) morning time,
morning; 2) noontime feeding (of animals); lunch.
121
lunchtime: •Dayka we hate de’na (J) Your
mother has come for lunch •Htin pa§e deri
vekin, werne de’na (J) Then you open the
door, come to lunch »Wexta de’na nine,
deng§ dya me zirave (J) It's not lunchtime,
[and] our mother's voice is soft [unlike the voice at
the door]; 3) {syn: nivro] noon, {also: de’n II
(K/B/J)) [J/K//Z-l/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <§evin>
danan jbb (da-ne-) (SK) = to put down, settle. See
danin.
danaqut o^abb, f. QBl-A/OK) = crushed wheat. See
danqut.
danequt o^s-ob, m. (OK) = crushed wheat. See
danqut.
danhSrk l^lgib f. (). type of crushed wheat (more
finely ground than savar , less finely ground than
simfd). {also: danhurik (CB); danhurk, m.
(OK/JBl-A)] <dan II + her- = 'to grind’/hur = 'tiny'
[Bw/GF//CB//JBl-A/OK] <dan II>
danhurik J j (CB) = crushed wheat. See
danherk.
danhurk m. (OK/JBl-A) = crushed wheat. See
danherk.
dani I pp./adj. placed, located, situated: •Gel
text di hindure we de dani ne (L) 40 beds
were placed/located in it. pp. of danin [L]
<danin>
dani II ^b (CB/JJ) = boiled wheat. See danu.
danin j.-pb vt. (da[t]in-; imp. dayne/deyne/
d§ne; fut. eze ddnim/daynim). l) to put,
place: »Azad ji pirtuka xwe ... datine ser
maseye (AW69B8) Azad puts his book on the
table »Ew z6r£ gerdena xwe <1 guhare xweji
datine der t’ae mezine (Ba) She puts the gold
of her nacklace and her earrings ont the pan of the
scales *Nan§ xwe dani ber xwe nan xwar
(Dz) He put his bread before himself (=he took it
out) and ate •Tembtira xwe dani ser goga
xwe (L) He put his tambour (a stringed instrument)
on his knee; -ser§ xwe danin = to lie down [lit.
'to put one's head down’] {syn: ramedin): *B. ser£
xwe dani raket (L) B. lay down and went to
sleep; -§er danin = to combat, fight: •Erne vira
§ereki daynin (Z-l) We will battle each other
here; -xwe ciy§ [or dewsa] fk-6/ft~f danin (XF)
to pose as, pretend (to be), feign: *Le Osiv xwe
dewsa kera datine naxwaze Zelix§ra
xeberde (BA3-3, #28) But Joseph pretends to be
deaf [lit. ’puts himself in the place of the deaf] and
refuses to speak [lit. ’does not want to speak'] to
Zulaikha; 2) {syn: §iqitandin) to remove, take off
(clothing) : 9 Qe 1 kevok hatin 11 libs§ xwe
danin (L) 40 pigeons came and took off their garb;
3) to name: •Nave yeke datine §englo (J) She
names one of them "Shenglo"; 4) to subside, abate:
•Ko usa dibejin, hersa Qeret’ajdin datine
(Z-3) When they say this, Q.'s anger subsides; 5)
{syn: dadan [3]; veni§tin) to land, alight, perch (of
birds), to land (of airplanes): to settle: •Teyreki
ser sere dare dani bu (EH) A bird had alighted
on the top of the tree, {also: danan (da-ne-) (SK);
[danin] (JJ); <danin (datine) C‘U r od j)>
(HH)1 although seems to be da- + anin, may
actually come from [Pok. 2. dhe- 235.] 'to set, put':
Skt. dha-; Av da-; OP 2 da- = 'put, make, create’
(Kent); but cf. Mid P nihadan (nih-) = 'put, place,
establish’ (M3); Sor da-nan j (da-ne-)
[F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH//SK]
dankut (IFb/GF) = crushed wheat. See danqut.
danojplj (Qzl) = boiled wheat. See danfi.
danqut ojJij b f.(JBl-A/OK)/m. ( OK) (). type of
crushed wheat, for use in cooking, {also: danaqut,
f. (JBl-A/OK); danequt, m. (OK-2); dankut
(IFb/GF)) <dan II + qut-/kut- = 'to beat' [DH//JB1-A/
OK//IFb/GF] <dan II>
danustandin (JBl-S) = commerce; relations.
See dan h standin.
daniijyb m.(B)/pl.(K) [ ). boiled whole wheat [T
hedik]. {also: dani II (CB-2); dano (Qzl); de’nu (B);
[dani ^b/dahni (JJ); <danu>_*jb (HH)| Sor
danujyb = 'grain, cereal' & danule Jjylj 'boiled
wheat, porridge of boiled wheat & chick-peas'
[Qzl//K/A/IFb/HH/CB/Kmc-2421//B//JJ/CB] <dan
II; qeynok>
danusitandin ^jjjU-^b (TF) = commerce; relations.
See dan u standin.
dan u standin [GF]/danustandin
^jjl^jb [Wlt/IFb/OK] vt. (-d- H -stin-). 1) to
deal, transact business; to negotiate; 2) [f. (-a; ).]
transaction, deal, bargain; business, commerce:
• Dayin-stendina (we) ser giye? (XF) What are
(you) talking or arguing about?; 3) negotiations,
talks; relations, connections: -danustandin di
navbera dewletan (IFb) international relations
r
122
(IFb/QK); 4) amusements, entertainment (XF).
{also: danustandin (JBl-S); danusitandin (TF);
dayin-stendin (XF); day in u standin (K); [dane
sitandin] qj jjU- <cb (JJ)| <dan = 'to give' + standin
= 'to take'; Cf. T ah§-veri§ = 'shopping, business,
dealings' (lit. ‘taking-giving’); Clq Ar xud wa-i‘tl
io. (lit. ‘take and give 5 ); Arm arewtur [W Arm
arewdur] luntLuinLp (lit. ‘take and give 1 ) =
'business, commerce'; Heb masa u-matan
inm KtZ7D( lit. ‘leading and giving’) = 'negotations'
[Wlt/IFb/OK/GF//JBl-S//TF//XF//K//JJ] <girtin u
berdan>
danzde ajyjb (M-Am & Bar/Rh)/danzde ojJiib (JBl-A)
= twelve. See donzdeh.
dapir ^b /. (-a;-e). grandmother; grandmother on
father's side (F/JJ); old woman: *Dapira min ji
min ra girokan dibeje (AB) My grandmother
tells me stories, {also: daypir (JBl-S); Ida-pir
j-ol j/da pir (PS)/dia pir (PS)] (JJ)) {syn: eci (HB);
pirik) <de I = 'mother' + pir = 'old (woman)’; Sor
dayegewre = 'grandmother' & dapir =
'old woman, crone’; Za dapir f. = 'grandmother'
(Todd) [F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//JBl-S]
cbapir; kalik>
dapirogk JL^ob f. ( ;-e). spider: -tewne
dapiro§k§ (SK) cobweh. [also: <dapiro§k>
(Hej)l (syn: pertevink; p’indepir; pir [4];
pirhevok; pirik [4]; t’evnpirk [1]) =Sor caicaioke
Y Y
JGJb & dapirogke j/dapiroke ASj^b
[Zeb/SK/OK/RZ/Hej] <t’evn>
daqul Jyb (L) = leaning over. See daqul.
daqulandin jjj^jiib (da-qulin-) (IFb) = to swallow. See
daqurtandin.
daqultandin ^jjlJyb = to swallow. See
daqurtandin.
daqurgandin (jjjb^j’b = to swallow. See
daqurtandin.
da«qurtandin jjb^’b vt. (da-qurtin-). to
swallow: *Gur we gaxe §englo, Menglo,
Qalig’englo dadiqurtine (J) Then the wolf
swallows up Sh., M. and Q. [three kids]. {also:
daqulandin (da-qulin-) (IFb-2); daqultandin;
daqurgandin) {syn: beli’andin; dauran (JB3/IF);
*hi§avtin (IF)} [J/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK] <fir I;
qurtandin>
daqtll J^b: -daqdl bdn (IFb) to bend down, kneel,
lean over, bow down: *Cark§ neri deng ji wan
dera nay[e]; daqul bu, neri go deve
mixarake xwiya ye; ew dixan ji mixar§
diki§e (L-l #3, 11.14-15, p.46) He saw that no
sound was coming from there; he bent down, and
saw that the cave's mouth was visible; the smoke
was coming from the cave; -xwe daqtil kirin
(Qzl) to bend down, kneel {syn: xwe xuz kirin):
•Ji kerema xwe, xwe daqtll bike d li wan
binih§re (SF 24) Please bend down and look at
them; -xwe daquli c erde kirin/daquli £ erd§
bun (Qzl) to kneel on the ground, {also: daqul (L)}
[SF/Qzl/IFb//L-l]
dar I j)j /. (-a;-e). tree: «Darbir gd m§§e dara
bibire (Dz) The woodcutter went to the forest to
cut down trees »Dar si dide ser me (AB) The
tree gives us shade [lit. 'gives shade on us']; -dara
dergu§§ (Dz) cradle, crib {syn: be§ik; bormotk
(EP-7); colang; landik). {also: [dar] J j (JJ)) <0 Ir
*daru- (A&L p. 84 [V]): P dar jb = 'wood, gallows';
Sor dar jb = 'tree, wood, pole, staff, stick, gallows';
Za dar f. = 'tree'; for more etymological
information see dar II below
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK] <daristan; dehl;
me§e>
dar II jb ni. (-e; der [BK/B], vi dari). 1) wood; 2)
wooden stick: -bi dare zore (BX) by force [lit.
'By tbe stick of violence']; -bi dar§ koteke, bi
dare zore (L) by hook or by crook, {also: [dar]
jb (JJ); <dar> jb (HH)) Skt dAru-; O Ir *daru-
(A&L p. 84 [V]): Av dauru-; OP daru- = 'wood'
(Kent); P dar jb = 'wood, gallows’; Sor dar jb =
'tree, wood, pole, staff, stick, gallows’; cf. also Gr
dory 56 pu = 'spear'
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/BK/GF/TF/0K] cezing;
me§e>
daralink csL-Jljlj f- ()• dodder, twining leafless
parasitic herb, bot. Cuscuta. [Zeb/IFb/AA]
<lavlav>
dar-axac j (Ba3) = gallows. See daraxag.
daraxag jb f. ( gallows, gibbet: •Bave w§
1§ hatye xezev6, dar-axac gSkirye, w§ iro
MeyanS dardakin (Ba3-3, #12) Her father was
furious, he built a gallows, [and] they will hang
Meyaneh today, {also: dar-axac (Ba3); daraxac (K)}
{syn: sedare; sep’i [2]) <T daragaci = ’gallows' < P
dar jb = '(wooden) gallows' + T agag = ’tree’
[Ba3//B//K]
123
daraxac ?■{*)J j (K) = gallows. See daraxag.
daraz j]jb f. (-a; ). (legal) sentence, verdict: -daraz
dan (IFb/OK) to sentence, pas6 judgement.
[[neol)IFb/TF/OK] cbiryar; qirar>
darbenk Jj (IFb) = terebinth. See bemk.
darbest f. (-a;-£). 1) (syn: me’f) stretcher,
litter; 2) bier, stretcher on which a corpse is
carried : •Sileman ditin [sic], miri ... Jin H
bigtik xizmet Sileman! hemi hatin,
kirine qori u girin u teji ser sere xo kuf u
xoli kirin [sic]. Meyte Sileman! danane
[sic] ser darbeste, inane [sic] gundi (SK
10:100) Then they saw Sulaiman, dead ...
Sulaiman's wife and children and relatives all came
and began wailing and crying and throwing earth
and ashes all over their heads. They placed
Sulaiman’s corpse on a stretcher and brought it to
the village •Xizm d muroet 'Ebdi ji ji gundi
hatin, rakirin [sic], darbesta wi gehandine
[sic] gundi. Niw-sa'et may bo rojawa brine,
ew ji temam bti (SK 18:174) Abdi's relatives and
friends came from the village, lifted him and
brought him to the village on a stretcher. He too
died half an hour before sunset, [also: [dar-best]
(JJ) } Cf. P darbast o~jjb = 'trellis,
scaffolding'; =Sor darebaze ojLojl j/daremeyt
oo.a-cojb/dareterm pj<0'ojb [Dh/Zeb/K/A/IFb/jj/jBi-A/
SK/GF/OK] <sindirik>
darbir m. Q. 1) woodcutter, lumberjack:
•Darbir gu me§e dara bibire (Dz) The
woodcutter went to the forest to cut down trees; 2)
{ syn: kugike ave (F)} beaver (IFb/JJ) ; 3) { syn:
darnekol; kutkut) woodpecker (B); 4) *lioncub
(A/HH). I also: [dar-byr] _^jb (JJ); <darbir> ^>jb
(HH)) < dar = 'wood' (m.)/'tree' (f.) + bin = 'to cut’
[F/Dz/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
dargin Q-o^b /. ( ;-e). cinnamon, bot. Laurus
cinnamomum : *Behna dargine ya xo§ e (Dh)
Cinnamon has a nice smell. Iaiso: dargini (GF);
[dartchin] c y^ J b (JJ); <dargin> ^y^-jb (HH)) Cf. P
dar£ln[l] [J-Lo-jb ; Sor dargin[i]
[K/A/IFb/B/J)/HH/TF/OK/CB//GF]
dargini ^^u^jb (GF) = cinnamon. See dargin.
darda bjb adj. hanging: -darda bdn (K) [syn:
daliqin) to be hanging, hang (vi.) : *Box da
lodka, gur peva darda bu (J) The bull gave a
leap, [and] the wolf was completely [left] hanging;
-darda kirin (K/IF/B) {syn: daliqandin; hilawistin]
to hang (vt.) # Bi 'ezminva g’iqld dara
hebdn, eskere wi gi§ka siliEe xwe exstin u
g’ilqava darda kirin (EH) Throughout the sky
there were tree branches, all of his soldiers took off
their weapons and hung them up [on the trees].
[F/K/JB3/IF/B] <§or II>
daristan q /. ( ;-e). forest, wood(s); grove,
copse: *Aliye bakur e vi welati hemd
daristan e. Daristaneke weha ye ku piling
tekeve nema dikare ji nav derkeve (SF 19)
The northern end of this country is all forest: it is
such a [dense] forest that if a tiger enters it, he can't
get back out. | syn: dehl [2]; me$e; fell
[K/IFb/GF/OK] <dar I & II>
dari (HR-I) = wooden. See darin.
••
darin ^jb/darin adj. wooden, made of
wood: *Ew ji dibe kevg’iye hesini, di nav
girara germ da disincire; ji we yeke
kevg’iye dari qimetlitir e (HR-I, 1:40) They
also say that iron spoons [lit. ’the iron spoon'] melt
[or, heat up] in hot porridge; for this reason
wooden spoons are [lit. 'the wooden spoon is']
more valuable, [also: dari (HR-I)) [Z-l/K/B/GF/
TF/OK//HR-I] <dar I; dar II>
dark’ol Jj£,b (B/F) = woodpecker. See darnekol.
dark’olk JJ m. (K/GF) = woodpecker. See
darnekol.
darnekol JjTbjb f. (-a;-e). woodpecker, zool.
Picus. {also: dark’ol (B/F); dark’olk, m. (K/GF);
darqul (F-2)) {syn: darbir; kutkut)
[Dy(EW)//F/B//K/GF]
da«rotin g^^b vt (da-roj-). to trim, shave, plane.
[K]
darqul Jysj\ j (F) = woodpecker. See darnekol.
*dartik b (). spruce or fir tree. I syn: kac [2]) [F]
das ^b f. (-a;-e). sickle: •fear wek paliya
genime sor ku gawa meriv dide ber dasan,
wele ez ji bi mdginge ketim nav por@ xwe
(LC, p.5) Like harvesting red wheat, the way one
strikes it with a sickle, that's how I went after my
hair with a tweezers; -das kirin (JJ) to harvest,
reap, cut down, mow; -das u gakug (F) hammer
and sickle •kaldmeke dasan = old, rusty sickle.
I also: de’s II (B); dasu (Haz); [das] ^b (JJ); <das
j/dasok j> (HH)) {syn: kasox (IF)) O Ir
*da0ra-; Skt datra- n.\ Southern Tati dialects: Chali,
124
' \
f
Takestani, Eshtehardi, & Sagz-abadi dara £ =
’sickle’ (Yar-Shater); P das ^b; Sor das ^b; Za
dahri £ = ’tool for splitting wood (all iron, slight
sickle shape)' (Todd). See: Georg Morgenstierne.
“Das Wort fur ‘SicheP in neuindischen und
neuiranischen Sprachen,” Goteborgs hogskolas
arsskrift, 36, iii (1931), 63-69, reprinted in: Irano-
Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1973), pp.9-16. [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/
OK//B//Haz] <berdas; diryas; kalume; k’elendi;
qalung; §alok>
dasik jLb (A) = dim. of das.
Dasini m. Q. Yezidi: •Dasini mezhebek e,
fizedi ji dibejine (SK 39:344) The Dasinis are a
sect, also called Yezidis. (syn: fizidi) [Zeb/SK/Hej]
ck’iriv [2]>
dasi ^b in. (-ye; ). 1) { syn: stir! I[3]) fishbone:
-de’siye me’si (Frq) do.; 2) 1 syn: biji III) awn,
beard (hot., of grasses) (K/B/TF). I also: de’si (Frq/K-
2 /B)} Sor dask JLI j = 'awn, beard of wheat or
barley' [Haz/K/IF 2 /TF//Frq/B] chest!; masi>
dastan gLJj (K) = epic poem. See destan.
dasu J 5 -) j (Haz) = sickle. See das.
da§«ir >:b f. (•ra; # ire). bathroom, toilet, restroom,
lavatory: •Duvre—li da§ire—ti§tek dibe (BM,
p.28) Later-in the bathroom-something happens.
{syn: avdestxane; avrej I; golik III (Msr);
destavxane; edebxane [ 1 ]; qedemge (Czr))
[Dy/BM/KS/Kmc- 12 ]
da«uran vt. (da-ur-). to swallow, {also:
[dawuran (Rh)] jl^b (JJ)1 (syn: beli’andiu;
daqurtandin; *hi§avtin (IF)) Cf. P obarldan
^Jujbjl/obastan g^LJ (-obar-) (jlj) = l0
swallow, devour' [JB 3 /IFb/JJ-Rh/M/Bw]
dav I Jib L (-a; ). trap, snare (K/JB3); trap with a
noose, made of horsehair (A/IFb) or goathair (GF);
type of trap for catching partridges, after which the
birds are kept in cages (rather than being killed)
(Msr): »Hon ketin dava min (SWl. p.24) You
have fallen into my trap, {also: daf (IFb); dafik
(Msr/A); davik, m. (K/TF-2); daw II (SK); [daw] Jb
(JJ)} cO Ir *damA- [*da- = ’to tie'] (A&L p. 84 [V] +
95 [XIX, 2 ]): P dam ^b; Sor dawjj; Za dami £
(Mai) {syn: *muxur (IFb)) [K/jBa/n/cr/'rr/OK/AA//
IF!)//Msr/A//SK] csite; telhe; tepik I; xefik>
dav II Jb f. (-a; ). thread, string, fiber: * c Aqle
muroeki yek dawa mfl e, ze‘if e, bele
wexte gelek mu gehe§tine yek-u-do dibite
weris, kelan pe gire diden (SK 61:393) A
man’s mind is but a single thread of hair, and
weak, but when many hairs come together it
becomes a rope fit to tie buffaloes, {also: daw III
(SK); [daw] Jb (JJ)) <0 Ir *da- = 'to tie'
[Bw/JJ/OK//SK] cben; dezi; weris>
davange *5*3 tfb (HM) = pistol. See debange.
davik Jib, m. (K/TF) = trap. See dav I.
daw I jb /. (-a;-e). 1 ) fattail; 2 ) {syn: damen [1 ] 1
hem; skirt, lap: »Didi dawa xeftane Zine (HM)
He saw the hem of Zin’s caftan •LeylS rabti.
dawa dere xwe, guxe xwe biri (EP-5, #15)
Leyla cut off the lap of her dress, of her coarse
coat, {also: du II; dum; duv I, f. (B)/m.; duw;
[daou] Jj (JJ); <daw>jb (HH)) [HM/K/A/IFb/B/
JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] See dft II & dtlv I.
daw II jb (SK) = trap. See dav I.
daw IIIJj (SK) = string. See dav II.
da’w IV 3 *b (IS) = argument. See de’w II.
dawat oljb, f. (IFb/Bw) = wedding; dance. See
de’wat.
da«we§andin vt (da-we§in-), to shake
up, stir up: «Ewi huti rahi§te kevireki mezin
u dawi§ande Beyrim (L) This ogre picked up a
large rock and waved it at Beyrim. {also:
dawi§andin (L); daw§andin (F/K)) (syn: ba kirin 1}
[J/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/0K//F/K//L]
dawet 005 ) j, f. (IS/TF/OK) = wedding; dance. See
de’wat.
dawi§andin gjjLjb (L) = to shake up. See
dawe§andin.
daw! ^b f. (-ya;-ye). end, outcome, result:
•Dawiya vi mirov! (JB3/IF) The fate/end of this
man; -anin dawiye (K/JB3/IF) to finish, end;
-dawi[ye] = afterward, in the end, finally:
• Dawiye bena min fireh bibe eze bixwim
(L) After I calm down, I will eat *Ez£ dawiy@
bixwim (L) I'll eat later; -v£ dawiy@ = recently:
• Ve dawiye min cehe xurru didaye (HYma,
11) Recently I have been giving him pure barley.
Isyn; axiri; dumahi; encam; k’uta[si]; tali II)
[K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
dawin g^b adj. last, final: «Bi d£l payiza jiyanfi
re koga dawin (MUs, p.7) The final migration
after the autumn of life, {syn: pa§in)
[MUs/K/IFb/GF]
125
daw§andin jjjlijb (F/K) = to shake up. See
dawe§andin.
dawul (K) = drum. See dehol.
dax^b (IFb/TF/OK) = cattle brand. See dax.
da*xistin j vt. (da-x-/da-xin-). 1) jsyn:
dahi§tin; dakirin) to lower, cause to descend; to
take or put down; to remove (Jf): *Dewle
dadixe, weki ave derxe (Ba) He lowers the
bucket [into the well], in order to take out (i.e., get)
water *Ji hespe daxistin qiza Mire Bajare
S§re (L) They helped the daughter of the Prince of
the City of Magic down off her horse •Dizgine
ser qerp’uzeda dadixine (EP-7) He lowers the
bridle onto the pommel [of the horse's saddle]; 2)
( syn: girtin [3]) to close, block up; to close, shut,
lock (K) [This is the standard word for 'to close' in
Sorani]; to insert, stick in (K); 3) *to bend, fold
over (IF/JB3); 4) [syn: dadan [1]] *to set fire to,
light, kindle (stove) ; to start, turn on (source of
heat or power) (K); 5) [syn: daliqandin; hilawistin;
raxistin) *to hang (K). {also: daexistin (Zeb); [da-
khystin] ^^o-b (JJ)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/
OK/BK] <dahatin; dak’etin>
daxuyani ^L^b f. ( ;-y£). declaration,
announcement; manifesto, written statement: *Di
civine de daxuyaniyek ji bo raya gi§ti bi
nave "Le§keren Tirk derkeve ji
Kurdistane!" hate belav kirin (Wit 1:37, p.2)
At the meeting a manifesto of public opinion,
entitled 'Turkish troops get out of Kurdistan," was
circulated. [ also: daxuyani (GF)} (syn; beyanname;
‘elametl l(neol)Wlt/IFb//GF] <belavok>
daxuyani ^L^b (GF) = declaration. See daxuyani.
da •xwarin vt. (da-xw-/da-xu-[EP-8]/da-
xwu-[K]). 1) to yield, give in, cede; 2) to be
inferior to: *Kur ji have danaxun (EP-8) The
sons are not inferior to [their] father, {also:
daxwerin (K)( [EP-8/B//K]
daxwaz jt^i.b /. (-a; ). 1) {syn: arzu; merem; miraz]
wish, desire; need, want, necessity (K): *Her
daxwaz§n wi anin cih (JB3) [They] made all
his wishes come true; -daxwaz [Id] kirin (K): a)
to demand, require of s.o.; b) to sue, persecute,
demand legal action against; c) to show one's desire
for (Haz): •[In closing a letter] Her tim rojen bi
dilxwe§i daxwaz dikim (Haz) I hope for happy
days always [for you]; 2) demand, request (K);
supplication, entreaty (JJ). {also: daxwez (K); [da-
khaz] jl^ib (JJ)] [BK/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/OK//K]
<xwestin>
daxwerin jjo^sb (K) = to yield to. See daxwarin.
daxwez >^i.b (K) = wish; need; demand. See daxwaz.
dax pb /. ( ;-e). cattle brand; mark of a cattle brand;
-dax bun = to be branded: *Dile wi bi kesera
welet dax bilye (Wit 2:104: p.ll) His heart was
branded with worry for his country; -dax kirin
(F/Dz) to brand (cattle) {syn: k’ewandin): •[§ivan]
... bi §i§ed sorkiri k’ere xwe dax dikin (Dz)
The shepherds are branding their donkeys with red
hot skewers, {also: dax (IFb/TF/OK-2); dexdexan
(BX); [dag] j (JJ); <dax> pb (HH)j Cf. P day £b =
'hot; mark of a brand' [Dz/K/B/JJ/HH/
GF/OK//lFb/TF//BX]
dayan ^Lb (K[s]) = wet-nurse. See dayin III.
daye ^>b = mom, mommy. See d§ I.
dayik JLIj (A/JB3/IF/B) = mother. See de I.
dayin I qj)j (BK) = to give. See dan I.
dayin II ^b (A) = wet-nurse. See dayin III.
dayin I ^]j (K/B/Ag) = to give. See dan I.
dayin II ^b f. (-a; ). 1) {syn: diyari; p’e§k’e§;
xelat [2]} gift, present; 2) Taxes, tribute, {also:
dayini (K-2)] [EP-7/K/GF]
dayin III f (-a;-e). wet-nurse, {also: dayan
(K[s]); dayin II (A); dayinge (K); [dain] ^b (JJ);
<dayin> ^b (HH)| [Pok. dhe(i)- 241.] 'to suck': P
dayah ^b = ’wet nurse'; Sor dayk JLb = ’mother 1
& dayen j^b/daye aj)j = ’wet-nurse’; Hau dayane
f (M4); cf. Gr thelys = ’female’ (adj.) & thele
0T]?uq = ’nipple’ HB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/Tl'/OK/Rnh//K//Al
<de I; mejandin; sawa; §irmej>
dayinge bbob (K) = wet-nurse. See dayin III.
dayini ^^b (K) = gift. See dayin II.
dayin-stendin (XF) = commerce; relations.
See dan u standin.
dayin u standin (K) = commerce; relations.
See dan il standin.
daykubb (SK) = mother. See de I.
daypir^ob (JBl-S) = old woman; grandmother. See
dapir.
de I oj interj. well, come on; interjection of urging or
encouragement : *De, qiza hakim geliki
espehi ye (L) Indeed, the king's daughter is very
pretty *De, gava qundir wilo ji bave xwe re
got, bave wi geliki tirsiya (L) Indeed, when
126
. 1 , '
■ if la ‘ 11
r
the gourd spoke to its father in that way, its father
was very much afraid • [Three riders come to a girl,
tell her to come with them. She asks who they are.
They say they are the harbingers of happiness. She
says:] De weki usane, ... eze hem t’evi we
(EP-7) Well, in that case, I'll come with you
•Xu§ke, de ave bixwe (EP-7) Sister, come
drink [some] water. { also : [da] oj (JJ){
[F/K/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK] <ca>
de II oj = ten. See deh.
de’at oGoj (Ks) = wedding; dance. See de’wat.
deban jLoj m. (-e; ). 1) steel used in making swords
and daggers', 2) sharp dagger: *Min pa§e bihist,
ku ew bi debaneki tuj hatibu ku§tin
(Cankurd:RN2 56[1998] 11) I later heard that he
had been killed with a sharp dagger; 3) [ adj .]
damascened (steel) (SK): *‘Eziz ji xencera
deban helke§a, hate pe§iya c Ebdi (SK
18:170) Aziz, for his part, drew a damask dagger
and confronted Abdi. {also: <deban> jbj (HH)}
Sor [xencereki] deban jb
'extremely sharp [dagger]’ (Cankurd/A/lFIj/MM/GF/ SK]
<pola; xencer>
debance <^L<o (JB3/IFb/OK) = pistol. See debange.
debang*e <^Loj /. ( ;*e). pistol, gun. {also:
davange (HM); debance (JB3/IFb); demange (A/B);
dep’ange (K); [debantche] (JJ)) (syn:§e§ar (IF)]
Cf. T tabanca; Sor demange <^Loj/debange ^
;boj/dewange [HM//JJ/GF//JB3/IFb/OK//
A/B//K] <gardexwar; t’ifing>
debar jLoj /. (-a;-e). living, livelihood, sustenance;
subsistence: *Xwede debare bideye! (Lab, 41)
May God provide him sustenance; -debara xwe
kirin (K/IFb) to get by, support o.s. (financially),
earn a livelihood, live on (stg.). {also: debir (B-2);
w
[debar] jLj (JJ)) ( syn: ’ebur] < Ar dabbara II=
'to arrange' [Lab/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <debirandin>
debax ^Loj (K/B) = hoof and mouth disease. See
tebeq I.
debir ^oj (B) = living, sustenance. See debar,
debirandin jjj^oj/debirandin (JB1-S) vt.
(-debirin-)* 1) {syn: 'ebur kirin] to feed, support,
sustain (K); 2) to subsist, live, manage to get by,
support o.s. (JB3/JB1-S/JJ). {also: debirandin (JBl-
S); [debrandin] ^y (JJ); debirin (Z-l/K)) Cf.
NA dba:ra = 'to live, flourish' & mdabo:re = 'to
raise, educate' (Krotkoff); Ar dabbara II jjj = 'to
arrange’ [K/JB3/IFb/B/JBl-S/JJ/TF/OK] <’ebur>
debirin ^^y vi. (-debir-). to live, exist, be alive;
to survive: *fial Memeda nemaye, du-se Toja
§iinda Meme we getinayeda nadebire (Z-l)
M. is in bad shape; in 2 or 3 days he will no
[longer] be able to manage (=be alive) from the
hardship of it all. {also: debirandin [2]] (syn: jin] Cf.
*41
NA dba:ra = 'to live, flourish'; Ar dabbara II=
'to arrange’ [Z-l/K/TF] <debirandin>
debistan (BK) = school; college. See dibistan.
debu§ f (-a; ). gum, natural resin: -debfi§a
mewijan (Xrz) grape (raisin) resin, {also: demu§
(Btm/Qm§); <debu§> ^y^y (HH)] {syn: beni§t; §irez
[2]) Cf. NA dabusha = ’sticky' (Maclean)
<Arc Vd-b-s = 'to cleave to, adhere, touch’
[Haz/Xrz/IFb/HH/GF//Btm/Qm§] <§irez>
def I tJoj f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: dehol) drum: *Def tl
dewate wana kir (J) He threw them a nice
wedding party [lit. 'He made them a drum and a
wedding']; -def d zirne = drum and zurna (oboe¬
like folk instrument , the most common musical
accompaniment to dances at Kurdish celebrations);
-defa g’iye (K) mountain slope; -defka fk-§ tdte
kutan (Zeb) to be subjected to verbal abuse, to be
severely scolded [lit. 's.o.'s drum is being struck']:
•Defka Tirkiye tete kutan (Zeb) Turkey is
taking a verbal beating; -defa heware (FK-eb-1)
alarm; 2) ^tambourine (JB3). (afso: dehf I; [dew]
Jj (JJ); <def> Jj (HH)] Cf. Ar daff ijj
[F/J/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <gomax;
defgi; 'erebane; t’epliq; zirne>
def II (Joj: -li def (Bw) at (someone's house), over at
(cf. Germ bei, Fr chez, Rus u y ]: *li def min (Bw)
at my house, by me. (syn: bal I; cem; hinda I; laid;
nik I; rex I] Cf. Ar daff oj = 'side, edge’ [Bw/AId]
def III -defa singe (K/Qzl/Qrj) = chest. See depa
sing under dep.
def’ IV*ioj (SK/OK)/de’f V (B) = jolt, push. See
dehf III.
de’f VI u&o j (Xrz) = ponytail. See dehf II.
defgi m. (). drummer, player of a def or
dehol . (syn: diholkut; mirt’ib [2]] [EP-4/K/B]
cbegzade [2]; def I; dehol; zirne>
de’fik (Btm) = ponytail. See dehf II.
define /. (). treasure: -xizne-define (Z-l) do.
{also: [define] (JJ); <define> (HH)} {syn:
127
D_
gencine; xiznel < Ar dafinah <Vd-f-n = ’to
bury, hide' [Z-1/K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
deft’er j«c3oj f. (-a;-e). notebook: -K 5 era deft’era
min ya xwari (Zeb) I always have bad luck, I am
jinxed [lit. ’Donkeys have eaten my notebook'].
[also: devt’er (FK-eb-l/B); [defter] (JJ); <defter>
(HH)J {syn: perawi) Cf. O P dip!- = ’inscription’,
Elamite tup-pi, & Akkadian tuppu all three
<Sumerian dup- (Kent); Ar/P daftar =
'notebook, ledger'; diwan is from the same root
[AB/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK//FK-eb-l/B]
degi§ : -degi§ kirin (Ks) to change, exchange,
[syn: bedel kirin; guhartinl < T degi§- = ’to change’
[Ks]
deh Aoj num. ten, 10 : »Ew te cem herdehe kure
xwe (Ba) She comes to her ten sons, [also: de II;
dehe (B-2); [deh] oj (JJ); <deh> oj (HH)] [Pok. dekm
191.] ’ten': Skt dasa; O Ir *dasa: Av dasa; OP da0a;
Mid P dah; Partbian das; P dah oj; Sor de 0 j; Za
des (Todd); Hau de (M4); cf. also Lat decern; Gr
deka 86 k ot; Arm tasn uiuluTu (W dasa mump); Rus
desiat 5 ^eCHTB . [Ba/K/A/IB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK|
<dehek>
deha Iaoj adj. tenth, [also: dehan (K-2/IFb/OK);
dehem (A/IFb-2/OK-2); dehemin (IFb-2/OK-2);
dehe (JBl-A); dehi (IF-2); dehy§ (JBl-S); [dehi]
(JJ)} Cf. P dehorn Sor deyem[in] Za
desin (Todd) [F/K//IFb/OK//A//JBl-A//JB1-S//JJ]
<deh>
dehan (K/IFb/OK) = tenth. See deha.
dehbe <uaoj (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = wild animal, beast. See
tabe.
dehe (B) = ten. See deh.
dehek J*aoj (GF) = a tenth. See dehek.
dehem p.*A 0 j (A/IFb/OK) = tenth. See deha.
dehemin (IFb/OK) = tenth. See deha.
dehe (JBl-A) = tenth. See deha.
deh§k JZjb oj /. (-a; ). a tenth, a tithe, 1 /10: «Ez ...
ji terefe Kukftmete jf emreki xusftsi bo
mufiafeza te de deme tehsil kirin, ft bedel
wih£ mezinSt Rftkani deh-ySka hasilate xo
her sal bidene min (SK 61:743) I ... will also
procure a special order from Government for your
protection, and in exchange for this the elders of
the Rekani shall give me one-tenth of their harvests
each year, [also: dehek (GF); dehyek (A/GF-
2/BK/CT); deh-yek (SK); dehyik (K); [dah iek] (JJ);
<dehyek> d -aj (HH)} Cf. P dah-yak JLoj; Sor
deyek Jajoj (Sulaimania & Kerkuk) /deyek
(Arbil) [Zeb/AR//SK//A/JJ/HH/BK/CT//GF]
dehf I cJAoj = drum; tambourine. See def.
dehf II oAoj /. (). ponytail, braided horse’s tail:
-dehfen hespan (KS) do.: •Kirasek! tenik li
xweha wi bft, guliyek ji dehfen hespan li
eniya xwe giredabft (KS, p. 8) His sister was
wearing a thin dress, she had tied a ponytail on her
forebead, [also: de’f VI (Xrz); de’fik (Btm); debv
(GF-2)} [KS/IFb/GF//Xrz//Btm]
dehf III Ui Aoj /. ( ;-e). jolt, pusb, shove: -dehf dan
(KS)/de’f da[yi]n (B) to push, shove: •Pa§§ heta
je hatibft ew ber bi diwer ve dehf dabft
(KS, p.12) Then he pushed [it] to the wall with all
his might; -def’ kirin (SK) to repulse, push back,
(also: def’ IV (SK/OK); de’f V (B); <deftf>
(HH)} <Ar Vd-f-‘ = ’to pusb’
[KS/K/TF//SK/OK//B//HH]
dehil Jaoj (B) = forest. See dehl[2].
dehi ^<0 (IF/JJ) = tenth. Sea deha.
dehi Jaoj f./m.(B ) ( ;-§/). 1) valley (K/OK); wadi
(IFb); [syn: newal} gorge, ravine; 2) [syn: daristan;
me§e: fell woods, forest (JJ/BX/AB/B/Haz) [dehi];
thicket (K/GF): •fizingvan gun dehle jibo
ezingan (AB) The woodgatberers went to the
forest for firewood; -bi dehi ft relan (BX)
through tbe woods; 3) fruit orchard (JB3/HH/JJ/PS)
[dahel]; 4) ^hothouse, greenhouse (K). [also: dal
(IFb-2); dehil, m. (B); dehi (GF); [dehi [2] / dahel
[3]] Jao (JJ); <delil> (HH)} Cf. Ar dayal Jio =
’thicket’ [AB/BX/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/TF/OK//B//HH] <dar
I; mesil>
deblendin qXxJl&oj* (Wit 2:59, p.15) = to lower. See
dahi§tin.
debn (K) = seed. See dan II.
dehol Jjpboj f. ( ;-e). drum (musical instrument) : ”A
rhythmic instrument made of a large and rather
wide wooden hoop covered on both sides with
donkey hide. It is beaten with a stick on one side
and on the other (the right side) with a mallet. It is
a national instrument usually played with a zurna"
["Davul,” in New Redhouse Turkish English
Dictionary , p. 275]: # [Te qet gend caran li v§
dehol§ daye?] (JR) How many times have you
beaten this drum? [also: dawul (K); dehul; dewl II;
dihol (IFb-2/JBl-S/OK); dohl (JBl-S/OK-2); duhl
128
(PS); [dehoul] (JJ); <dihol> (HH)) { syn:
def) Cf. P dohol Jj&j, T davul; Sor dehol Za
dawuli/dawili f. (Mai) [JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//JBl-S/
HH/OK//PS//K] <begzade [2]; gomax; def; defgi;
govend; mirt’ib [2]; t’epliq; zirne>
deholjen jojJjAoj (IFb/OK) = drummer. See diholkut.
deh§ m.&f. (). young of donkey or ass. {also:
ceh§; deh§ik (IFb/GF/OK); <deli§ik> (HH))
[sj/n: kurik) <Ar jahs |K/jB3//IFb/GF/OK//HH] See
also ceh§. <k’er I1I>
deh§ik (IFb/GF/OK) = dim. of deh§.
dehul Jyfcoj = drum. See dehol.
deh u gar jG 3 jt 0 j (Ad/Krg/Bg) = fourteen. See
gardeh.
, deh u didu 3 &<>:> (Ad/Krg/Bg) = twelve. See
donzdeh.
deh u yek aoj (Ad/Kg/Krg) = eleven. See
yanzdeh.
dehv (GF) = ponytail. See dehf II.
dehw(L) = fight; request. See de’w II.
dehwa (GF) = fight; request. See de’w II.
dehyek (A/GF/BK/CT) = a tenth. See dehek.
dehye (JB1-S) = tenth. See deha.
deh-yek Jkpt oj (SK) = a tenth. See dehek.
dehyik (K) = a tenth. See dehek.
dehl J>.oj (GF) = forest, thicket. See dehl[2].
dek’ Joj (K/A/IFb/GF) = cunning; trick. See delkk
delak/delak 5 [K] J^oj m. ( ; delek. vi delaki). 1)
{syn: berber I; serta§) barber; hairdresser; 2) male
bath attendant [cf. ser§o = female bath attendant]
(B). {also: [delak JYVtelak JNj] (JJ); <dellak>
(HH)) < Ar dallak < Vd-l-k JJj = 'to rub with
the hand, massage' [EH/F/K/B/JJ/OK//HH] <guzan;
liemamgi; kur IV; ser§o>
delal I adj. beloved, dear one; charming (B);
pretty, beautiful; dandy: # Delala min (BX) My
beloved [said to a woman: ma bien-ainiee]
•Delale min (BX) My beloved [said to a man:
mon bien-aime] # Ya hakime delal! (L) My dear
king! # Ya qiza min a delal (L) My dear
daughter, {also: [delal] J'Vj (JJ); <delal> J'Vj (HH))
(delali) [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/)J/IIH/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK]
delal II m. ( ; delel, vi delali). town crier,
public crier; herald, i also: dellal (IFb); [delal]
(JJ)) < Ar dallal [PS-II/K/JJ/JBl-A/OK//IFb]
delali J'Voj f ( ;-ye). 1) fondness, affection; 2)
charm, enchanting quality. [K/jB3/lFb/B/GF/TF/OKJ
<delal I>
delandin vt . (-delin-). to dazzle (eyes) :
•§ewqa nenik g’ave min dideline (Frq) The
shine of the mirror is dazzling my eyes. [Frq/(K)]
<deliyan>
dela§ (AA) = lammergeier (type of bird). See
daleTe§.
deling JUoj m.(Elk/Bw)/f(K/B) (-e/ ; /-e). lower
part of a trouser leg: *Beriya bigh£y av§,
delinge xwe hilnede (Z-1339) Before you reach
the river, don't roll up the hem of your trousers
[prv.]. i also: delink (IFb); [delink] (JJ);
<delink> JJj (HH)) [Elk/Bw/K/B/GF/TF/FJ//
IFb/JJ/HH] <§alvar>
delink JjJoj (IFb/JJ/HH) = lower part of trouser leg.
See deling.
deliqin (j-Jdoj (IFb/OK) = to give birth (of dogs). See
t’eliqin.
delin (K/B) = to be dazzled; to starve. See
deliyan.
delir adj. brave, courageous, {syn: aza I; cam£r;
zix I[2]} Cf. P dallr^Jj; Sor diler= 'brave,
spirited' (delirt) [K/OK]
delirane adv. bravely, courageously. [?BX]
deliri f. (). bravery, courage, [syn: cameri;
curet) [K/OK] <delir>
deliv JJoj (Wit) = opportunity. See delive.
delive f. (). opportunity, chance: *Heger ew
deliv (firset) li navbera 1900-1992 ji
desten bav u bapiren me gftn, bila ji dest§
me negin (Wit) If our forefathers missed this
opportunity between 1900 and 1992, let us not
miss it. {also: deliv (Wit)) (syn; derfet; fesal [1];
firset; kevlii [2]; k'es) [Wlt//IFb/GF/TF] <mecal>
deliyan ^LJo.3 vi. (-del-). 1) {also: delin (K); dilhan
(GF); dilihin (GF-2); dilyan (GF-2)} to be dazzled (of
eyes) : •QPave min delin (K) My eyes are tired;
2) {also: delin (K/B); diliyan (E§); [deliian] ^LJ j (JJ)}
to starve, be very hungry, be famished: # Ji go§t£
bizina dirandi min pergeyek da Qavre§, 16
min bi xwe je tarn nekir u 6var£ ji n£za
diliyayi, ez vegeriyam gund (E§, p.16) I gave
Chavresh [a dog] a piece of the torn-up goat meat,
but I myself did not taste it, and in the evening I
129
returned to the village, famished. Cf. T deli =
'crazy 1 [Frq/JJ//K/B//GF//E§] <delandin>
delk 5 «iDoj f. ( cunning, craftiness, guile; ruse,
dirty trick, intrigue, scheme; trap (lit. & fig.): *Ew
bi dek 5 ft dolave (K) He is a schemer; He is not
to be trusted *Kur bi delk 5 rok£ ji bav§ izn§
dixwazin (Ba3-3, #19) One day the boys slyly
ask their father’s leave [to do stg.]; -delk 5 kirin
(B) to scheme, plot: *Ew delk’a dike (B) He’s up
to something, {also: dek’ (K/A/IFb/GF)) ( syn : fen;
fel I; Hile; lep} [Ba3/B/TF//K/A/IFb/GF] <dav I;
xapandin>
dellal JYJoj (IFb) = town crier. See delal II.
delme <uJoj m. (). type of garment: 1) woman’s
garment, pleated from behind and open in front
(GF/DS): •Delme-'ent’eri bejne bun (Ba-1,
#17) Dresses fit her well [according to Rus tr.]; 2)
type of woman’s jacket (DS); 3) embroidered vest
(DS); 4) mulla’s robe (Hej). {also: <delme> j
(HH)) Cf. T delme = ’vest, waistcoat’ (RTI) &
'embroidered vest' [*Piitiirge -Malatya; Gaziantep;
Sivas (+ Central & Western Anatolia)] & 'woman’s
garment open in front’ [Bitlis (+ Eskigehir)] & 'type
• ft
of woman’s jacket' [Ustiirken -Agri; Urfa;
(+Amasya, Kayseri)] (DS, v. 4, p. 1414) [Ba-1/
HH/GF/DS/Hej] <dere; ’ent’eri>
deluv <J *3 Joj (JB3/IFb/OK) = bucket. See dewl I.
dem I poj f./m. (-a/-e;-e/-i). time, period: *Bi ya
we gi ferq di navbera we deme ft ya niha
de heye? (WM 1:4, p.16) In your opinion, what
difference is there between that time and now;
-dema ku (Wit) when (conj.) [syn: gava ku; wexta
ku): •Dema ku h&k dike, bala xwe dide ku
renge heken we disa ji re§ in (Wit 1:37, p.13)
When she lays eggs, she notices that her eggs [lit.
'the color of her eggs’] are still black, {also: [dem]
pj (JJ); <d[e]m> pj (HH)) [syn: gax; gav; wext) Cf. P
dam pj = 'time, season, hour, moment’; T dem
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <car; gav;
serdem; wext>
de’m II f. (-a; ). (automobile) accident,
collision. <clq Iraqi Ar di c am p^j = 'to run into,
collide' & da‘ma *Upj = 'accident, collision' (cf. also
istidam pljJa^l) [Bw/Zeb]
demange oojLoj (A/B) = pistol. See debange.
*dembftl /. Q. plum: -dara dembftla (F)
plum tree. [F] <alftge; herug [l]; incas [2]; §ilor>
demokrasi ^\k (). democracy, {also:
demuqrati [l] (K)} [IFb/TF/OK//K]
demokrat ol(IFb) = democratic. See
demokratik.
demokratik adj. democratic: *Hinek
niviskar diyar dikin ku MHP xwe ji nil ve
saz dike ft ber bi demokratikbftne ve dige
(AW69A1) Some writers declare that the MHP
[Nationalist People's Party] is re-making itself and
becoming more democratic, {also: demokrat (IFb);
demuqrati [2] (K)) [Ber//IFb//K]
demsal JL^oj f. (-a;-6). season (of the year): •Roj,
ji rojen buhare ne. Le bele hewaya deme
ji me re te xuyan ku ne ew roj£n demsala
xwe§ik in (Wit 2:59, p.13) It is a spring day. But
the weather makes it seems as if it is not a day of
that lovely season, {syn: nir II; werz [2])
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF/OK] cbihar; havin; payiz;
zivistan>
demudest (OK) = immediately. See dem ft
dest.
demuqrati j^oj f. (K) = 1) democracy; 2) [adj.]
democratic. See demokrasi & demokratik.
dem ft dest adv. immediately, {also:
demudest (OK); <dem u des[t]> [oU*j j4p*J (Hej))
{syn: destxweda) Sor dem-u-des
[Zeb//OK/Hej]
demu§ (Btm/Qm§) = gum, resin. See debu§.
den I joj m. (). large jar (JB3); large clay water jar
(IFb); clay jar (A/JJ). {also: [den] <jj (JJ); <d[e]n>
(HH)) {syn: cer; di§t; sewil) [L/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/
TF/OK] cmencel; sitil [2]>
de’n II (K/B/J) = eight-hour period, one-third (1/3)
of a day. See dan III.
de’n III ^oj (B/K) = seed; grain. See dan II.
dendik J Jo o J f. (-a;-£). stone (of fruit) , pit, pip:
•Baweri bi dendika xoxe bine, bi qeweta
xwe ewle be (Ber 5/86, p.20) Believe that the
peach has a pit, and you'll believe in your own
strength, {also: denik; [dendik] Jjoj (JJ);
<d[e]ndik> Jjj j (HH)) {syn: sisik I) Sor denik Jsoj
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <tovik>
deng I Jjoj m. (-§; ). 1) {syn: sewt (Ad)) voice:
•giqa deng£ me hebll (Ba2:2, p.205) at the top
of our lungs, in a very loud voice; -deng glln [+
dat. constr.] = to speak (of animals & inanimate
objects, in folktales) {syn: k’elimin; gtexilin):
130
**
• Deng gft qundir (L) The gourd spoke; -deng
dan = a) to vote for (B/OK/XF); b) to sound (like)
(Wit): *Tipa (V) deng dide weke tipa (W) ya
Kurdi (Wit 1:42, p.10) The letter C V’ sounds like
the Kurdish letter C W’; -deng[e xwe] kirin = to
speak: *Gur denge xwe nake (J) The wolf
doesn't speak (=remains silent); -deng le kirin =
to call s.o., summon (syn: bang kirin; gazi kirin)
•Deng li min ke (J) Call me!: -deng vedan
(Wlt/Bw) to echo, reverberate, resound ( syn: olan
dan); 2) sound, noise: »Bi denge sazi §irin ...
M. ji xewe g’e’ve xwe vekir (Z-l) From the
sweet sound of the saz (=tembur), Mem awoke and
opened his eyes *Denge tifing u mitralyozan
ewgend nizing bfi biin ko mirov digot qey
§er giha§tiye kuge u kolanen bajer (H2
9:31, p.775) The sound of rifles and machine guns
was so close that people were saying that the war
had reached the streets of the city; 3) (syn: gotgotk)
rumor: *Deng bela dibe (Z-2) There’s a rumor
afoot/afloat; 4) vote, {also: [denkl dij (JJ); <d[e]ng>
Jjj (HH)) P dang Jj j = 'noise made by the
collision of 2 stones, clang, clank, or tingle’; Sor
deng <jjoj = 'sound, voice, song, news, rumour,
vote'; = Za veng in. = Voice' (Mai); Hau deng in. =
'noise, fame' (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/
GF/TF/OK//JJ] <bilind [2] = ’loud'; Iii§k [3] =
’shrill'>
deng II Jjoj m. (-§; ). millstone, primitive village
instrument for husking grain, consisting of a
vertical stone wheel which turns around a pole in a
large , flat stone mortar : -denge savare (Haz/Zeri
= Kesme Koprii 2 [Btm]) do. {also: ding f. (-a;-e)
(Frq/GF); dink (GF-2); ding (GF-2); [dink] JLqj (JJ))
P dang Jj j = ’pestle or flail (used in separating rice
from its husk), a threshing instrument'; T
dink/dink/denk (DS, v. 4, p. 1507-8) & ding
(Gemalmaz) & dink (Atilcan); Sor ding Jj j = ‘tub
used for husking rice’; Za dengi F. = 'large stone
used for husking rice or bulgur’ (Mai) [Haz/Zeri =
Kesme Koprii 2 (Btm)/TF//Frq/IFb/GF//JJ]
dengbSj ylJjoJ m. (). bard, minstrel, traditional
singer; reciter of romances and epics (such as Mem
u Zin, Dimdim, etc.), {also: <d[e]ngbej> ^
(HH)) {syn: a§iq) < deng I = ’voice’ + bej- = 'to say,
tell' (dengbeji) [K/A/JB 3 /IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK]
dengbeji f. ( ;-ye). the art of being a
••
dengbej (qv.) ; minstrelsy, singing.
[K/A/IFb/B/TF] <dengbej>
dengubas (OK) = news. See deng u bas.
deng u bas ^L^Jjoj/dengftbas [A/IFb]
m./f. (). 1) news, (new) information: *Deng fl
basen Kurdistane gi ne? (IFb) What’s the news
from Kurdistan?; 2) a sound, a peep, '(neither) hide
nor hair’: •Xeberdana me gele wext k’igand,
le t’u deng u bas ji lawika nedihat (Ba2-#2,
p.205) Our conversation lasted a long time, but
there was not a sound to be heard from the boys.
{also: dengubas (OK); deng u be’s (XF)) <deng =
Voice, sound' + u = 'and' + Ar baht = ’search,
study’; Sor deng-u-bas = ’news’
[Ba2/K(s)/A/IFb//OK//XF] <cab [2]; nuge (neol);
xeber>
deng u be’s (XF) = news. See deng h bas.
denik ciboj = fruitpit. See dendik.
de’nu^-^oj (B) = boiled wheat. See danti.
dep ni.(Zeb)/f.(OK) (-§/ ; ). wooden board or
plank: -Neqabek ya di niveka mezela wi da
... ewi depek danabd ser dev@ neqeb§,
nivinet xo ser gekirbft (M-Ak #659 p.298)
There was a hole in the middle of his room ... he
had put a plank over the mouth of the hole and
had made his bed on it; -depa sing (Wn)/dep§
sing! (Bw/Elk)/defa sing (K)/defa singe
(Qzl/Qrj)/derfa sing (IS) thorax, chest, area
between the neck and the diaphragm: # Li ber
defa sing£ xwe erbaneyeke bi e§q u
hunereke wele diricifine (Tof, p.7) He shakes
a tambourine in front of his chest with such passion
and skill, {also: def III (K/Qzl/Qrj); derf (IS); [dep]
(JJ); <dep> V J (HH)) {syn: t’exte) Arc daf
qi/dapa K91& Syr dafo l5e = ’board, plank’
[Zeb/Dh/A/IFb/JJ/HH/TF/OK]
dep’ange (K) = pistol. See debange.
depre§ Jif. ( ;-e). blackboard. [Kmc-2532/
K(s)/IFb/GF/OK/AD/SS]
deq I joj f. ( 1) {syn: kekmek (F); xal II) spot,
blotch; point, dot; freckle; beauty mark; 2)
anklebone, talus (IFb/GF); knucklebone (HH); 3)
tattoo (K/A/IFb/JJ/TF): -deq kirin (JJ) to tattoo; 4)
pinecone (IFb); 5) callus (on the hand) , swelling
(IFb); 6) {syn: be§; bir I[2]) *part, section (IFb); 7)
[m.(OK)] text (OK), {also: [deq] (JJ); <deq>
131
(HH)) < Ar daqq = ‘beating; tattoo' [EP-7/F/
K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <ni§an [5]>
deq II qoj m . (-§; ). largest knucklebone in a set:
-wek deq hazir bun (Qzl) to be ready and
willing. [Qzl/A] <k’ap II>
deqandin jjjUoj vt (-deqln-). 1) to tattoo; 2) to
mark, leave a mark on; 3) *to inlay. { also:
[deqandin] ^ jjUj QJ)1 [MC-1/K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK]
<deq [1&2]; tamandin>
deq*e *soj f. ( ;•§). minute, moment: *gend deqe
(Z-l) [for] a few minutes, {also: deqiqe (IFb/JBl-
S/SK/OK-2)) { syn: hftrdem (IFb)} < Ar daqlqah
T dakika/dakka (Z-i/K/B/OK//lFb/jBi-S/SK]
deqena botfoj (GF) = so that. See deqene.
deqene conj. [+ subj.] 1) ) syn: bila; bona [2]; da
II; beta ko [4]; weki [2]) so tbat. in order tbat:
•Steyfo ftaydari ba kire gend ke§a ft
zlame we der§, deqene ari wi bikin (HR-I
2:76) Steyfo Haydari called some of the priests and
men of that place, so tbat tbey migbt help him: 2)
[+ neg.] lest, so as not to: *U Keg 5 iy§ xwarina
rehne, bi kevg’iye dan dixun, deqene
deve wa ne§ewite (HR-I 1:38) And as for liquid
foods [=soup], they eat them with wooden spoons,
lest they burn their mouths. {also: deqena (GF)]
[HR-I//GF]
Deq§ f. (). common name for female dogs. [Msr]
»•
<Cevro; Devre§>
deqiqe aJusoj (IFb/JBl-S/SK/OK) = minute. See deqe.
der I joj f. (-a;-e). place, spot: «her dera ji (Ba)
everywhere *li filan dere (L) in such and such a
place; -[li] w§ dere = there, at/in that place; -li
wan dera (L) there, in that place, in those parts:
•Ew gun derk’etne ciki wisa, ku t’u meri
li wan dera t’unebftn (Ba) They went [until
they] reached a place wbere there were no people.
{also: dere; [der] jj (JJ)) {syn: ci I; dever I; dews I;
erdim; §un) [Ba/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JI/SK/GF/TF/OK]
der II joj adv./prep, outside; beyond: *Der(e) mal§
baran dibare (K) In the courtyard [lit. ’outside the
house’] it is raining *Der heqe wan (BX) About
them (See derheqa) *Ji der v§ av§ (BX) On the
other side of this river, beyond this river «Xwiya
ye ko nivfsevan liwa Rihaye deri
Kurdistan§ dihesibine (BX) It is obvious that
the writer considers the district of Urfa outside of
Kurdistan;
-ji ... der (K): a) outside of (physical location):
• Ew ji §eher der diji (K) He lives outside of
the city; b) Besides, except for: «je der (K)
except for him *}i koma me der keseki
xebat nekiriye (K) Except for our group,
nobody did any work; -je der bftn (JB3) to
be beyond one's reach, to be impossible (for
s.o. to do stg.), unobtainable *Ev kar ji min
der e (K) This matter is beyond me;
-der ... de = outside, across from, opposite:
• Kani ji der xan-mane Qeret’ajdinda
bu (EP-7) The spring was outside/across
from/opposite Q.'s residence;
-der ... ve = to tbe outside of, to: *Bori
bimbareke k’llge-k’flge Meme digerine,
/ Der xan-mane Qeret’ajdinva dertine
(EP-7) Blessed Bor smoothly transports Mem, /
Brings him to the residence of Qeretajdin. [also:
[der] ca (JJ); deri II) [BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/ JBl-
S/SK/GF/TF/OK] <derve>
der III joj (IFb/F/JBl-A) = door. See deri I.
derabe [Zeb/Hej]/derabe m.(Zeb)/f.(B)
(; /derabe [B]). denotes wooden objects such as
shutters, railing , wall-partitions : 1) roll-down
shutters (A/IFb); 2) railing, grating (IFb); 3) wooden
fence boards (HH); 4) juniper trees [hevris] used for
hanging things on (Zeb). {also: cf. [daraba dem]
(JJ) = ‘I divide a room with wooden boards’;
<derabe> jj (HH)) cf. NENA daraba = ’railing,
balustrade’ (Maclean); Geo daraba £>.>&.><!>.> = ’shop
shutter’; W Arm daraba imunuuqiuj = ’partition
(of boards)'; Az T daraba = 'fence made of boards':
T daraba & derebe [Bitlis] = 'wooden partition;
shop shutter; railing; grain storage container, etc.'
(DS, v. 4, p. 1365) & [Malatya] (AC-2, p. 271) =
'shutter & [Diizce] (AC-3, p. 231) = 'wooden fence
around a garden’ & [Erzurum] (Atilcan, p.40;
Gemalmaz, v. 3) = 'wall made of wood[en panels]’
[Zeb/Hej//A/IFb/B/HH/GF]
deramet I oJ joj in. (-e; ). 1) [syn: dikak; emi§ [2];
he§inatt; p’incar) vegetable(s) (§nx/AZ): •Deramet
■ft feqi ft dan ft xwarin (AZ) Vegetables and
fruits and grains and foods; 2) (syn: dexl ft dan;
hasil) crops, produce (Zeb/Hej): *Bi taybet
deme mirovi deramet gandi (R 15) Especially
when one has planted crops, {also: <deramet>
(Hej/AZ)l < P dar'amad = ’income,
132
f
profit'; Sor deramed j*Jjoj/deramet oaJjoj =
'income, profit' [§nx/Zeb/AZ/Hej]
derandin (-der-) (IFb) = to scatter. See
derandin.
der*anin /q-jB jo j vt. (der[t]in-). l) to take
out, remove, extract, derive (K/A/JB3/IFb):
•Nezera zate wane bere maka, / Usanin,
be’reda g’e’ve mas! dertine (EP-7) The looks
of their nursing children are such [that] they make
the eyes of fish in the sea pop out *Bori
bimbareke k’uge-k’uge Meme digerine, /
Der xan-mane Qeret’ajdinva dertine (EP-7)
Blessed Bor smoothly transports Mem, / Brings
him to the residence of Qeretajdin *Ez ti§teki ji
gotina te dernayinim (K) I can't understand
what you're saying [I'm not getting anything from
your words]; 2) to assume, deduce, guess (JB3/IFb).
[aiso;bi deranin (PS-I); derinan (SK/OK-2); [der-
anin jj/der-inan jlujj (Rh)] (JJ); <deranin
(dertine) (HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/TF/OK//SK//PS-I]
derb ujoj f./m. (-a/;-§/ ). 1) blow, stroke, hit
(K/B/JJ): *Ez derbeki/derbeke di xewe de li
wan xim, bebexfi ye (L) If I strike them while
they’re asleep, it's dishonest; 2) ( syn: §elik( volley,
salvo (B); 3) stress, emphasis, accent (phonological)
(B); 4) power, might (K). {also: zerb (K/B); zerp (FK-
eb-2); [zerb/derb] (JJ) = ’[derb] is the Arabic,
and [zerb] the Turkish pronunciation’; <derb> vjJ
(HH)) < Ar darb [L/A/JB3/IFb/
HH/GF/OK//K/B/JJ//FK-eb-2]
derbas ^Ljoj (A/L/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK). See derbaz.
derbaz jLjoj: -derbaz bun = a) to cross, pass, enter
(vj.) (syn; bihurtin); *Dibejin di nihalekida
riwiek hebti. ... bazeberek hebu, riwi le
derbaz dibit her wexte fiez kiriba. ...
Marek ji di we nihaleda hebu. Nedi§ya li
bazeberi derbaz bibit (SK 2:9) They sav that
there was a fox (living) in a ravine. ... There were
stepping-stones and the fox crossed over whenever
he liked. ... There was also a snake in that ravine.
He could not cross over the stepping-stones *Du
rewi Tex gomeke derbaz dibun (Dz) Two
travelers were passing by an animal pen; b) To
enter: *fleyani ko Mem izna winake nede,
Bengin nikare derbazi diwana mir bive (Z-
3) Until Mem gives him permission, Bengin cannot
enter the emir's diwan; -derbaz kirin = to carry
across, transport, cause to cross/pass (also fig.) [syn:
buhurandin): *Bav£ xwe li pi§ta xwe kir ft bi
ave re derbas kir (L) He put his father on his
back, and carried him across the stream •Cirok,
§even zivistane xwe§ derbaz dikin (AB)
Stories make winter nights pass nicely. ( also:
derbas (A/L/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK-2); [derbaz] jljj (JJ);
<derbaz-> jbjj (HH)) Sor derbaz bun =
'to escape' & derbaz kirdin = 'to rescue'
[F/K/JB 3 /IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/OK//A/L/JB1 -S/GF/TF ]
derbazbuyi j a cl/. 1) passed/past, over,
finished, done, through: -derbazbuyi be
(Wr[Gulistan Perwer]) May it be over soon! Speedy
recovery ]Formula for wishing s.o. well: Cf. T
gegmi§ olsun, W Arm anc £ aj alla[y] uitigui*
DLLuij, Alb qofte e shkuar]; 2) (syn; gerandi; = Sor
tepef transitive (K/B): -fele/-a
[ne]derbazbuyi (B/K)/fela derbaz[ne]buine
(F) [intransitive verb. [VVr/K/B]
derg’ik JUjoj f. (-a; ). threshold, door frame:
•derg’ika deve deri (Z-3) the doorway. ( also:
<dergik> (HH)} {syn: §emik; §ipane]
[IFb/HH/GF/Z-3] <rexderi>
der*gun vi. (der-g-). 1) to appear, be
visible: *Xwin ji deste min der gd (IF) There
was blood on my hand (=1 noticed that my hand
was bleeding); 2) to appear, come out, be
published or issued (a publication) : *Li §am§
der digit (Rnh - intro) It [=the journal] came out in
Damascus. Cf. Sor der*gun - 'to escape, be
saved; to go off (fire arm); to pass (exam); to
graduate; to be mentioned 1 [Rnh-intro/K/JB3/IFb/
GF/TF/OK] <kovar>
derd jj<o m. (-e; ). pain (lit. & fig.) , sorrow; trouble,
problem, woe: *Keseki derde Mem§ delal
nizanbu (Z-l) Nobody knew dandy Mem's
sorrow *De xwede hebini yanet ne ez bim ki
kane vi derdi bik§ine? (LC, p.12) For God's
sake, if not for me, who can stand this trouble? Li
vi welate gawiran cil§u§tin ji bi ser£ xwe
derdeki giran e (LC, p. 12) In this country of
infidels, doing laundry is a big headache, [also:
[derd] jjj (JJ); <derd> (HH)] Cf. P dard jjj~> T
dert [Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<e§; hesret; jan; xemgini>
133
* der® dan I qIjjoj vt (der-d-). 1) [syn: berza kirin;
winda kirin} to lose (K); 2) [syn: dofandin (M/K[s]);
^birin [3]} {also: dain der (F)} to lose, be defeated
(at a game) (K); 3) to let go (K); to abandon, leave,
forego (JB3); 4) to produce (K). [Z-1/EP-7/K/JB3/
B//F]
derdan II q) JJO J /. ( ;-e). vessel, utensil, dish;
receptacle: *Kuro, t’&r 11 derdang§ xwe binin
werne imbare, xwera nan dagirin (Ba3-3,
#36) Boys, bring your sacks and receptacles and go
to the storehouse and fill them [=sacks, etc.] with
bread [i.e., food], {also: derdang (Ba3-3/YZ-2,
#278); derdank (IFb)) (syn: aman} [Ba3-3/YZ-
2//K/B/F//IFb]
derdang jjaj (Ba3-3/YZ-2) = vessel, receptacle. See
derdan II.
derdank (IFb) = vessel, receptacle. See derdan
II.
dere OjO J = place. See der I.
derece A3.0 (GF) = stairs. See derenc.
dereft (TF) = possibility. See derfet.
dereke adj. l) local: •meriye dereke (B/Z-
922) stranger, outsider; 2) *strange[r], outsider.
[Z-922/K/B]
derenc ^
derenca re ban! ket (L) He climbed up the
stairs, {also: derece (GF); derence (TF); derince
(K/JB3/IFb/OK); tirancek; ctirince y>7derence
(HH)] [syn: nerdewan (EP); p’epeling (Z-l);
p’estirk) < Ar darajah [BX/L//K/JB3/IFb/OK//
HH//TF//GF]
derence (TF) = stairs. See derenc.
dereng M oj<o adj. late, tardy: -dereng man (IFb) to
be late: •Mamoste, gava ku ez dihatim
mektebe lawikek li pey min bfi, hema bela
xwe di min dida, ji ber we ez hineki
dereng mam (LM, p.16) Teacher, when I was
coming to school a boy was behind me, he was
bothering me, that's why I am a little bit late; -
dereng kirin = to make s.o. late, {also: [direnk]
Jijj (JI); <dereng> Jojj (HH)] l^zu] [Pok. 5. del-
196.] ’long’: Old Ir *darga- = ’long' & *dargant- —>
*dagrant- —> *dayrand --> * derand —> derang (for -
nd --> -ng, cf. P orand jj^ 1 & orang Ji J3 \ = 'throne;
glory’) & *dranga-; P derang Jj jj = 'delay,
hesitation, pause' & dir (older der) j = 'late'; Sor
direng Jjojj = ’late’; cf. also Lat longus <*dlong-
OJOJ f./pl.(L) Q. stairs, staircase, steps: # Bi
(dereng!) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/SC//JJ]
<direj; egle; giro>
dereng! ^ /. o. tardiness, lateness.
[K/A/JB 3/IFb/GF/OK] <dereng>
derew /. (-a;-e). lie, fib, falsehood, untruth:
• Eger xebera te derew be, ez§ §hrek! li
stuye te dim, / Sere te ji gewde te
biqet!nim (Z-2, p.68) If what you say is a lie, I
will take a sword to your neck, / I will sever your
head from your body; -derew kirin = to tell a lie.
{also: direw, f. (JBl-A); [direou] (JJ); <derew>
jjj (HH)) {syn: vir II) [Pok. 2. dhreugh- 276.] 'to
deceive' (verbal stem *dhrugh- & nominal stem
*dhrougho- [Kent]) : Skt Vdruh in drogha- /droha-
= ’(malicious) injury’ & druhyati = 'deceives'; O Ir
*drauga- (A&L p. 84 [V]): Av Dru] = 'the evil force
opposed to Ahuramazda' & draoga- (pres, druz-) =
'to lie, tell a lie’; OP duruj- = 'to lie, deceive' &
draujana- = 'deceitful' (Kent); P doruy £x>s, Sor diro
jjj; = Za zun/zun f. (Mai); Hau dirue f. (M4); cf.
also Germ Trug = 'deceit' & [be]triigen = 'to deceive'
[K/A/JB3/IFh/B/HH/GF/OK//JJ/JBl-A]
derewgi (K) = liar. See derew!n.
• •
derewgin 3 o j0 j (BK) = liar. See derewin.
derewgo (K) = liar. See derewin.
derewin jo j m.&f. (). 1) {syn: virek} liar
(F/K/A/IF/JJ); 2) [adj.] untrue, false (OK). {also:
derewgi (K); derewgin (BK); derewgo (K);
derewker (BX/K/JB3/IF); [direvin] (JJ)
(mistakenly glossed as 'lie 7 1
[BX//F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/OK] See also derewker.
derewker ni.&f. (). liar, {also: derewgi (K);
derewgin (BK); derewgo (K); derewin
(F/K/A/IFb/JJ); <derewker> ^ (HH)) {syn: virek)
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/HH/GF/OK] See also derewin.
derexistin (der-ex-) (Ba) = to remove. See
derxistin.
derf -derfa sing (IS) = chest. See depa sing
under dep.
derfet oasjoj /. ( ;-e). chance, possibility,
opportunity: *[Ewi daim ... her gnhdar hft da
rojek§ derfetS bine ew§ tole ji Zeman
Xani biderine] (JR #39,120) He was always
listening ... so that one day he would have the
chance to take revenge on Zeman Khan • Sistema
Sovyete gi derfet h astengi derxistin
p&§iya we (Wit 2:59, p. 16 ) What opportunities
134
and obstacles did the Soviet system place before
you? {also: dereft (TF-2); [derfet] oJjj (JJ)} { syn:
delive; fesal [1]; firset; kevlu [2]; k’es) ?<Ar zuruf
= 'conditions, circumstances'; =Sor hel J<ui>
[Wlt/JJ/TF/OK/AId]
derge (K/GF/Z-l/EP-7) = door. See dergeh.
dergeh f.(A/JB3)/m.(B/SK/JBl-A) ( /derg§
[FK-2]; /derge[h] [B]). gate, door; entrance door
(IFb); wide or large door or gate (IF/HH): «Rojeke
dema mexribe gft ber dergehe Diyarbekire
(Rnh 2:17, p.306-7) One day at sunset he reached
the gates of Diyarbekir; -derge ft diwan (EP-7)
do. i also: derge (K/GF/Z-l/EP-7); [dergheh]
(JJ); <derge[h]> aT/j (HH)| (syn: deri I; qepe) Cf. P
dar jj; Sor der joj/derga (5%j/derge - See
etymology at deri 1. [Z-l/K/GF//A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/JB1-A/SK/TF/OK] See also deri I.
dergehvan (IFb/TF/OK/Rnh) = gatekeeper.
See dergevan.
dergeli m. (-ye; ). gorge, ravine, canyon.
{syn: derteng [1]; geboz; geli II: zang; zer II) [Zeb]
dergevan jl ni.&f. (). gatekeeper, doorman:
•Dergehvana deri girti bftn (Rnh 2:17, p.307)
The gatekeepers had closed the gates, {also:
dergehvan (IFb/TF/OK-2/Rnh); dergewan (SK);
dergivan; derk’evan (K[s]J; [derghevan] jlX j (JJ)1
[L/K/A/JB3/JJ/GF/OK//IFb/TF/Rnh//SK]
dergewan (SK) = gatekeeper. See dergevan.
dergisti w.&f. (-ye/-ya; /-ye), fiance(e),
•• _
betrothed, engaged: •Meme bira, tu ji Tabe
here ser kaniye dergistiya xwe bi g’e’ve
xwe bibine / Hege ne bi dile teye, eze
v§ga ni§aniye vegerinim (Z-2. 79) Mem my
brother, get up and go to the well, see your
betrothed with your own eyes / If she is not to
your liking, I will annul the engagement »QIza
hakim ket bin texte dergistiye xwe (L) The
princess got under her fiance's bed. {also: dergis
(IFb-2); dergist (A/B); dergisti (EP-4/EP-7): desgirti
(IFb/OK); destgirt! (EP-7/K-2/IFb-2); dezgirti (JBl-
S); dizgirti (JB3); [dez-ghirti ^^Sjj/dest-ghirti
(J>'J /deste-ghirti (JJ); <destgirti>
(HH)) < dest = ’hand’ + girti = ’taken': for
another example of such a metathesis involving -r-,
see dersok below. Sor dezgiran ^^Jjoj/destgiran
q )Hau desgiran/dezgiran m. &
desgirane/dezgirane f. (M4) (L/K/TF//jB3//tFb/OK//
A/B//JB1-S//EP-7/JJ/HH] <be§k’ertim; bftk I; §irani;
zava>
dergivan = gatekeeper. See dergevan.
dergis (IFb) = fiance(e). See dergisti.
dergist (A/B) = fiance(e). See dergisti.
dergisti (EP-4/EP-7) = fiance(e). See dergisti.
•• ^
dergft§ f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: be§ik; bormotk
(EP-7)?; colan; landik) cradle, crib: «Stiya ’Ereb,
de rabe dergft§a kuri li ber p 5 §sira xwe
bi§idine, / Ji ber min bireve ft bilezine (Z-
2, p,85) Lady Ereb, get up and fasten the infantfs
cradle] to your garment [like a papoose], / Then
quickly flee before me; -dara dergft§e (Dz) do.;
2) infant, baby (K/B); newborn infant (JJ). {also:
dergu§ (TF); [dergouch] (JJ); <derku§>
(HH)) [Dz/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/OK//HH//TF]
der«hatin ^Iajoj vi. (der[t]e-). 1) {syn; derk’etin)
to leave, quit: *Ez nahelim m&vane min mal
dere (Z-l) I won't let my guest leave the house;
-bina fk-e derhatin = to be homesick {syn:
beriya II fk-e kirin): »Ez hatime welatS xerib,
bina min pe derteye (Z-l) I've come to a
strange land, [and] I'm homesick [lit. 'My breath is
leaving over it']; 2) to turn out to be, to end up:
-avis/Iiemle derhatin = to become pregnant;
3) *to arrive, {also: [der-hatin] (JJ))
[Z-921/K/ JJ/GF/OK]
derheq (TF/OK) = about. See derheqa.
derheqa prep. [+ -da] about, regarding,
concerning (or di derheqa ... da):• der heq§
wan (BX) about them «Ti§te xirab derheqa
Osibda got (Ba) She said bad things about Joseph
•Wexta Al-p’a§aye kal ft jina xweva eva
giliya derheqa Memeda bihistin (Z-l) When
old A.p. and his wife heard these words about
Mem »Zelixe Xatftn ji pe dihese derheqa
hatina Osibda (Ba) Zelikha also hears about
Joseph's coming, {also: derheq (TF/OK); der heqe;
derdieqq (SK)) Cf. T hakkmda = 'about'
[Ba/K/B//TF/OK//SK]
der heqe = about. See derheqa.
• •
derh§ner _,<uIAjoj m. (-§; ). producer:
• Kiarostami weki yek ji ba§tirin
derh@ner&n cihan§ t§ binavkirin (AW70B4)
Kiarostami is being called [or, is known as] one of
the world's best producers. Sor derhener j<u!ajoj
[( neol)AW]
135
der-fieqq (SK) = about. See derheqa.
derik J joj (SK) = door. See deri I.
derince *^3joj (K/JB3/IFb) = stairs. See derenc.
deristin (M) = to split (vi.) . See derizin.
deriz Jjoj (GF) = crack. See derz.
derizandin jjjljjoj vt. (-derizin-). l) to split,
crack (vt.) ; 2) to scratch (K). {also: [derizandin]
(JJ)1 [K/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK/M] <derizin;
derz>
derizin vi. (-deriz-). 1) to split, crack (vi.);
2) to get scratched (K). {also: deristin (M); derzin
(GF); [derizin] (JJ); <dirizin qjJjJ (diderize)
CojjJj)> (HH)} [M//K/JB3/IFb/JJ/TF/OK//HH//GF]
<derizandin; derz>
der*i I m. (•§/«iye; deri). 1) { syn: dergeh;
qepej door: •Deri vekin = Open the door!
•SerdarS gil qerwa§a Gul’ei§e, / Fanose ji
xatfina xwera bine deriye Kew§§ (Z-2, p.69)
Gul-aisha, commander of my forty servants, / Bring
a lamp for your lady to the gate [or, door] of the
yard; 2) point (in backgammon) [Cf. T kapi]. {also:
der III (IFb-2/F-2/JBl-A); derik (SK); [deri] ^ j (JJ);
<deri> (HH)) [Pok. dhuEr- 278.] 'door,
doorway': Skt dvar-; Av duuara-; Old P duvara- n.;
Mid P dar; Parthian bar (<*dwar-); P dar jj; Sor
der joj; Za ber m. = 'door; outside' (Mai); Hau bere
m. = 'door' & ber = 'outside' (M4); cf. also Gr thyra
BiSpa; Arm dur (W: tur) tymn.; Rus dver'TiBepb;
Germ Tiir. [F/K/A/jB3/iFb/B/jj/HH/
JB1-S/GF/TF/OK/BK//JB1-A//SK] <rexderi; serder;
sivande> See also dergeh.
deri II = outside of. See der II.
derinan jLJ joj (JJ-Rh/SK/OK) = to remove. See
deranin.
der*k’etin vi. (der-k’ev-). 1) {syn:
derhatin) to leave, go or come out of, exit: «Ew ji
bajare xwe dernakevin = They don't leave
their town «Neri go qundir teqi[y]a, xortek
j§ derket (L) Suddenly the gourd split open, [and]
a young man came out of it «Ew gun derk’etne
ciki wisa, ku t’u meri li wan dera
t’unebfin (Ba) They went [until they] reached a
place in which there were no people *P’ad§a
wezirS xweva p@va derk’et (J) The king set
out with his vizier •P’elte ’ewre re§ derk’et il
barane destp§ dir (Z-l) Black storm clouds
came out and it began to rain; -ji xebera ...
derk’etin (XF): a) to refuse to comply with (s.o.'s
wishes) ; b) to disobey; 2) {syn: bani k’etin) to
ascend, go up, climb: • B. derket ser qesre (L)
B. went up onto [the roof of] the castle; 3) to
■
become: -avis/Iiemle derk’etin = to become
pregnant {syn: avis/fiemle derhatin). {also:
derkewtin (SK); [derketin /derkewtin
(JJ); <derketin (derdikeve)
(HH)} { for the same verb meaning both to go up &
to go out, cf. Ar tili v *it, T gikmak, Arm ellel
fcLLfcL & Italian salire)[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/
TF/OK//SK]
derk’evan (K[s]) = gatekeeper. See dergevan.
derkewtin (SK) = to go out or up. See
derk’etin.
dermali ^Ljoj f. ( ;-ye). bride's dowry, trousseau
(usually in the form of livestock, which remains
her property in her husband's house) (K/B). [K/B)
<cihaz; qelen>
derman jLjoj m. (-§ ; dermen, vi dermani). 1)
cure, remedy, medicine; drug: «Derxwin§
bero§e, dermane girarg [Duv] (L[1937])
Cover of the pot, remedy of the soup [rdl.; ans.:
sheep's fattail (whose grease is used in seasoning
food)]; -dermane nehi§yariye (JBl-A) soporific;
2) treatment (K): -derman kirin (SK) to treat,
cure: *Eger sa’eteke pd§tir hung nexo§iya
xo bi Kakimet Kaziq u xerxaz derman
neken, mikrobe cehalet§ ft sefraye
sefahete ... pigek maye hingo bikujit (SK
57:660) If you do not have skilled and well-
meaning physicians treat your disease within the
hour, then the microbe of ignorance and the bile of
stupidity ... will kill you within a short while; 3)
ointment, grease (K); 4) paint (K/B); dye (SK):
•"Qlawet min sor brine?" Riwi got, "Helbet.
Dibeji dermane qirmizi hatiye te-kirin" (SK
6:68) "Have my eyes become red?' The fox said,
"Certainly, you’d think red dye had been poured
into them"; 5) spice (SK): «Xarina bajeriya, ko
§irini, pilaw, go§t, eprax, §orbawa bi
dermanSt b£nxo§ ft ti§t& weki wane bo wi
didanane ser sifre (SK 31:274) He would set on
the tablecloth townsmen's food, which is sweet¬
meats, pilaf, meat, stuffed vine-leaves, soup
with fragrant spices and other such things; -der¬
mal germ (Msr/A/JJ-PS) pepper (spice): «Ne
sir u ne pivaz, qede li dermane germ
bik’eve (Msr) May disaster befall neither garlic
nor onions, but rather [red] peppers (=All three are
equally bad) [prv.J. {also: [derman] jLjj (JJ);
<derman> (HH)) Cf. P darman T
derman; Sor derman jLjoj; Za derman m. (Mai)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <g’are; [5]:
biber; liigliar; isot>
dernefis joj m. (-e; ). screwdriver. <Fr
tournevis [Bw/OK] <badan [4]; burxi; sist kirin (sist
[2]); §idandin [3]; vekirin [3]>
derobero = stray, roving. See derodero.
derodero adj. homeless, stray, wandering,
roving, vagrant: *Xan et’ime derodero (EP-8)
The Khan is a homeless orphan. ( also: derobero}
[EP-8/K/GF] <mi§ext>
deroze ojijjoo /'. Q. begging; alms collecting, [syn:
ge§t; p’ars; xwazok} Sor deroze o £ JO j [A/IFb/OK]
derpe m. Q. underpants, drawers: • Kiras u
derpiyan ji danem, yan ne? (SK 37:328)
Should I take off my shirt and drawers also [or
*
not?], {also: [derpi] (JJ); <derpe> (HH))
Sor derpe [SK/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
<ba§ewala>
ders ^ j* joO (-a;-e). lesson: «Kure xo teslimi
mela 'Ebbas kir ko derset qur’ane ni§a wi
bidet (SK 14:145) She entrusted her son to Mullah
Abbas, for him to teach him the Koran *Noke
sa'et yazde ye, wexte dersa qunsoli ye,
dibit bigim (SK 54:625) It is now eleven o'clock,
time for the Consul's lesson. I must go; -ders
gotin (SK)/~dan (IFb) to teach; -ders xundin
(SK) to study, [also: [ders] (JJ); <ders>
(HH)} < Ar dars [K/JB3/Ii-b/B/jj/ttii/SK/(;i70K|
dersdar m.&f. ( ; /-e). teacher. {sjm:
mamosta} [Ber/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK] <seyda>
dersok f./m. (-a/-e; ). Kurdish man’s
headdress; kerchief: *Dit sindoq-emini
desroka xo ina der§, teji zer kir, dav
§exseki (M-Ak, #567, p.258) He saw the cashier
take out his kerchief, fill it with gold and give it to
somebody, [also: desrok (M-Ak); [dastruk]
(JJ-Rh); [desrok] (JJ-G)} [syn: cemedani; keving;
p’o§i; §emil) <dest = 'hand' + rok = (suffix): for
another example of such a metathesis involving -r-,
see dergisti above. Sor desroke oj =
’kerchief [Hk/Bw//JJ-Rh//M-Ak/JJ-G] <k’ofi;
t’emezi>
dersxan*e £ ( ;•£). 1) class; grade: •Zozan
dersxana garada dixune (B) Zozan is in the
fourth grade; 2) classroom: *Di dersxand da
gend mase hene? (DZK) How many tables
(=desks) are there in the class(room)?
[DZK/K/IFb/B/GF/OK] <dibistan>
derteng Js*Sjoj >/derteng (Zeb) £ (-a; ).
narrow passageway : 1) {syn: dergeli; geboz; geli II;
zang; zer II} gorge, ravine, canyon; 2) strait (geog.)
(Zeb); 3) channel, canal, course (K/JJ). {also: [der-
tenk] JLjjj (JJ)} Sor derteng Jloj = 'defile, gorge'
[Zeb/Bar/K//JJ]
derva li'joj (AB/K/B) = outside. See derve.
derve adv. outside: *Kere me i§ev li derva
maye (AB) Our donkey stayed outside tonight
•Bire wi e mezin rabh ... go here derve
ber deriye mixare miz bike (L) His eldest
brother got up ... to go urinate outside the door of
the cave; -ji derveyi ... = outside of, apart from.
{also: derva (AB/K); der ve (IF); [derwe] (JJ);
<derve> (HH)} Cf. Sor dere ^joo/derewe o 3 ojoj;
Za teber (Mal)/tever (Todd/Mal); Hau ber (M4). Cf.
den = door. [AB/L/K/B//A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH] <der II>
?derve§ (A) ~ dervish. See dewr§§.
derwe§ (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = dervish. See dewrd§.
der«xistin vf. (der-x/der-xin-/-derx-
[JJ]). 1) to take out, remove [faire sortir, expulser]:
• Bihare, xelq gae xwe derdixe! (J) It’s
springtime, people are taking out their oxen
• Dewle dadixe, weki ave derxe (Ba) He
lowers the bucket [into the well], in order to take
out (i.e., get) water *30 sal bere seeta bave
min ketibti. v§ bire, min ji iro derxist (LM,
p.12) 30 years ago my father's watch fell into this
well, today I brought it out *Wexta ew Osib ji
bire derdixe (Ba) When he takes Joseph out of
the well *Zike wi diqele§e, §englo, Menglo,
Qaligenglo derdixe (J) She rips open his
stomach [and] takes out S., M. and Q.; -r§ j§
dernexistin (XF) to be unable to find a way out
of a situation, not to know which way to turn: # M.
geleki §a§ ft fieyri ma, t’u r§ j£ dernexist
(EP-7) M. was perplexed and bewildered, he didn't
know what to do next; -te derxistin = to guess:
• K’i ji wana t§ derdixe (Ba) Whichever one of
137
them guesses ®Le kure dine qet t§
dernexistin (Ba) but the other boys hadn't
guessed at all; 2) to derive: *Em li ser@ sukur
ava dikin, j§ derdixin elektrika rohni, a
wek zer (AB) We build a dam at the top, from
which we get (i.e., derive) electric light, which [is]
like gold; 3) to render, make, cause to be: •Tu
min rtire§ dernexi! (L) You're not going to
disgrace me!; 4) to produce, compose, make:
• Keg’ika u jina ji k’ilamed meraniye ser
wana derdixistin (Ba2:l,p.204) Girls and
women composed songs of bravery about them;
5) (syn: vegirtin [5]] to break out with/in, come
down with (a disease) : •§ivana k’ere xwei ku
"yeman" derxistibfin danine 'erd§ (Dz) The
shepherds had laid on the ground their donkeys
who had broken out with "yeman" (an animal
disease) . { also: derexistin (der-ex-); [der-khystin]
(JJ)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK]
<derk’etin>
derxun (B/F/IFb/HH/GF) = lid. See derxwin.
derxwin m.(L/OK)/f.(B) (-e/; /-§). lid,
cover (of pot) : *Derxwine bero§§, dermane
girar£ [Dtiv] (L) Cover of the pot, seasoning of
the soup [idl; ans.: sheep's fattail]. [also: derxun
(B/F/IFb-2/GF-2); [derkhoum ^jj/derkhoun
(JJ); <derxun> (HH)| [L/K/A/IFb/GF/
TF/OK//F/B/JJ/HH]
derz (). crack, cleft, split, fissure, slit (in a
glass, plate, etc.), [also: deriz (GF); [derz/ deriz] jjj
(JJ); <derz> jjj (HH)) ( syn: kel§; qeli§tek; terk; ti§ I)
Cf. P darz jjj = 'seam, suture'. See derzi for
etymology. [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/TF/OK//GF]
*derzen jojjoj /. (). vertebra: •RimekS 16dixe li
derzeneka pi§t£ye (Z-4) With a spear, he strikes
him in his spinal column, {syn: movika pi§te) [Z-4]
<mezmezk>
derzin qJjoj f. (). dozen, {also: derzin (RZ)}
[Bw/Dh//RZ] <donzdeh; nivderzin; nuri>
derzi f. (-ya;-ye). 1) needle: -dezi u direzi
(Slv)/ta derzik (Am) needle and thread; 2)
syringe, shot, {also: direzi (Slv); [derzi
^jjj/derzik Jjjj] (JJ); <derzi> (HH)) Cf. P
darzl(gar) = 'tailor'—> T terzi = 'tailor';
[Pok. dheregh- 254.] 'firm, to fasten': Pok.
specifically mentions P darz jjj = ‘seam, suture 1
and similar Iranian words for ’to sew with thread’:
Skt dfhyati/dfiiihati = ’he fastens’ & drdh.4- = ’firm’;
Av daxazayeiti = 'he ties fast, fetters' & dareza- m. =
'tying, binding, fastening’ & deraz- f. = 'fetter';
Southern Tati dialects: Chali, Takestani,
Eshtehardi, Xiaraji, & Sagz-ahadi darzena f. =
'needle' (Yar-Shater); Sor derzi joj = 'needle,
••
tailor’; Za derzini f. = 'needle' & derzena [de§ti§]
(Todd) = 'to sew’ [Ad/MsiVK/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/
OK//Slv] <derzidank; dezi; dirutin; §ujin>
derzidan jljujjoj (K/B/GF/FJ) = pin cushion. See
derzidank.
derzidang JjIjuJjoj (K) = pin cushion. See derzidank.
derzidank Jbljuj joj /. ( ;-e). pin cushion, [also:
derzidan (K/B/GF/FJ); derzidang (K-2))
[Qrj/A/IFb//K/B/GF/FJ] <derzi>
derzin (RZ) = dozen. See derzin.
des I (BK) = hand. See dest.
de’s II (B) = sickle. See das.
desgirti ijjL *oj (IFb/OK) = fiance(e). See dergisti.
de’si (Frq/K/B) = fishbone; awn (of wheat). See
dasi.
deslimej ylo-Lo j (ZK-3) = Islamic ritual ablutions. See
destnimej.
desmal JL^oj (A/B/IFb/JJ/GF) = handkerchief. See
destmal.
desme (GF) = Islamic ritual ablutions. See
■ »
destnimej.
despe ^oj. See dest pe [bun/kirin] under dest.
■ ■
desrok (M-Ak/JJ-G) = kerchief. See dersok.
dest/dest 5 [JBl-A] c-oj m. (-e; dest, vi desti). 1)
hand: -dest avetin[e] [+ dat. constr.] = a) to
touch: *Qizk§ deste xwe av4te Mhemmed
Xan (L) The girl touched [lit. 'threw her hand on']
M. Kh.; b) to begin, start (vt.) {syn: dest pe kirin):
•Em dest bihav§jin§? [pavejine] (Bw) Shall we
get started?; -dest-dest (K) immediately, suddenly,
momentarily: *Bor dest-dest neziki xezale
dibe (FK-eb-2) In a second, Bor nears the gazelle;
-dest ji ft-i k’i§andin (Z-l) to give up on,
renounce [syn: dev ji ft-i berdan; qeran; hi§tin;
t’erkandin): ®Ewi ft giregir§ sinota xweva
§iret li Mem£ dikirin, weki Mem@ destd
xwe ji ve yeke bik’§ine (Z-l) He and the
nobles of his coterie advised Mem to give up on
that; -dest k’etin (J) to be obtained, acquired,
gotten, gotten hold of: •Lawo, Keta bihare,
weki ga dest te’ nek’et, min girSde! (J) Son,
138
by springtime, if a cow hasn't been obtained, tie me
up [to the plough]!; -dest pe bhn = to begin, start
(vi.) [also: despe; destpe); -dest pe kirin = to
begin, start (vt.) [syn; dest avetin[e]}: *Despe kir
bi balt’e dar birin (Dz) He began to cut down
trees with an axe *A§iq dest bi lexistina saze
xwe kir (Z-l) The singer began to play his saz
(tembur); -deste fk-e sar bun (XF) to be
confused; to lose one's head: *Deste P’eri-
xatune ji mal u Kala sar bubii (Z-l) Peri-
khatun had lost interest in her house and chores
[lit. 'Peri-khatun's hands had gotten cold from her
house and condition ]; -dest xistin (F) to obtain,
acquire, procure, get, get hold of, round up:
•Hine nan yane hine go§t dest dixe (Ba) He
gets a little bread or meat; -dest xwe gun (Z-l): a)
to lose strength, become weak, languish; to be
done for [svn: av-zar gun; zar-ziman k'etin): # M. ji
zindaneda Hal t’une, idi dest xwe guye (Z-
1) M. was in bad shape in prison, he was almost
done for; b) to suffer (from grief, illness) ; c) to be
disabled, to break down, go out of service: -bi
dest§ fk-e = by (passive agent) (svn: ji alive ...-ve;
ji terefe...): *Gunde me bi deste Hemo hatiye
§ewitandin (BX) Our village was burned hv
Hemo; -ji dest§ ... = from, at the hands of: *£i
zirar hatye sere Osib ji deste biraye (Ba)
Any harm that has befallen Joseph is due to [lit.
'from the hands of] [his] brothers; 2) [svn: qat [3])
counting word for suits of clothing QB1-A&S):
•Dige ser t’erzi, destek cile efendiya ji
xwera difesiline (Z-2) He goes to a tailor, orders
for himself a suit of clothes fit for a gentleman;
-dest’ek (JBl-A)/destek cillik (JBl-S) a suit of
clothing; -desten elbisa (JBl-S) sets of clothes,
suits; 3) [also: destek, f. (K)} game; set; move (in a
game) (EP-7/K): *Bek’ir dina xwe dae, ma du
dest Meme ji mir bive (EP-7) B. saw that M.
was two moves away from beating the prince (at
chess), [also: des I (BK-2); [dest] (JJ); <dest>
(HH)) [Pok. 1. ghesor- 447.]: ’hand’ &
*ghosto- (Kent): Proto Indlr *zhasta- (Schwartz):
Skt hasta- m.; O Ir *zasta-: Av zasta-; O P dasta-
(Kent); Sgd Bast; Pamir dialects: Yidgha last;
Ormuri dest/dis; Parachi dost; Sanglechi dost;
Wakhi dast/last; Shughni dust (Morg); Pashto las; P
dast o— j; Sor des[t] [oJ-oj; Za dest m. (Todd); Hau
des m. (M4); cf. also Gr agostos ocyoaxo^ = ’flat of the
hand, arm' [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/
GF/OK/BK] <g’epil; mil; pil I>
destan f. (-a; ). 1) epic, epic poem; 2) story.
[also: dastan (K); [destan ^Luo/dastan (JJ)j O
Ir *datastana- < data- = ’law' + -stana- = 'place,
institution': Mid P daistan/dadestan = ’judgement,
verdict, trial, legal case; affair’; P dastan
(jluvj/dastan jLudj = ’story, account’—> T destan;
Sor dastan jL-dj; cf. also Za istanik f = 'story'
(Todd). See: M. Schwartz. “Irano-Tocharica,” in:
Memorial Jean cle Menasce, ed. Ph. Gignoux & A.
Tafazzoli (Louvain : lmprimerie Orientaliste :
Fondation Culturelle Iranienne, 1974), pp. 402-3,
405. [DM/Kd§/A/IFb/JJ/GF//K] <beyt [3]; g’irok;
qewl>
destar m. ( ; dester, vi destari). hand mill,
r
grinder, quern, [also: distar (SK/Bw); [destar]
(JJ); <destar> (HH)| [syn: girik II]
[AB/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//SK/Bw]
<a§ I>
destav JLu-oj f. ( ;-e). 1) "potty", euphemistic term
for going to the bathroom and for feces and urine
(HH/IFb): -destava stur (Zeb) "number two,"
euphemistic term for defecation ; -destava zirav
(Ak/Zeb) "number one," euphemistic term for
urination ; 2) bathroom, toilet, water closet,
lavatory (K/F/B): *Li van heywanan miqayet
be, heta ku ez herim destave (WM 1:2, p.6)
Look after these animals while I go to the
bathroom, [also: <destav> (HH)}
[F/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK] See also
destavxane.
destavxan*e f. ( ;•§). toilet, water closet,
lavatory, avdestxane; avrej I; golik III (Msr);
da§ir (Dy); edebxane [1]; qedemge (Czr)} [F/A/IF/B]
See also avdestxane & destav.
destbira m. (-ye;
destebira[k]/destebire[k] [B]). 1) adoptive
brother/sister; bosom buddy, sworn brother, blood
brother; one with whom [fictive] brotherhood has
been effected through a handshake (HH): •(Dayim
ez digum ji etrafan min dizi dikirin <1
Keywan tl mal bi §ev tina Selmas§ mala
destebirak§ xwey§ Memed] (JR) I would
always go steal from my surroundings and bring
animals and goods by night to Selmas, to the house
of my bosom buddy Memed; 2) { syn : §o§man) best
man (at a wedding) (IF), j also: destbirak (A);
destbra (IF); destebira (B); destebirak (K/JR/B);
destebra (PS); <destbira> (HH)} {destbirakti;
destbirati; destbrati; destebiraki; destebirakti;
destebirayi} [K/HH//A//IF//PS//JR//B]
destbirak (A) = adoptive brother; blood
brother. See destbira.
destbirakti ( jS] (A) = adoptive brotherhood. See
destbirati.
destbirati /. (). relationship between two
9 a
adoptive brothers or sworn brothers: •[Wiha bi
vi terzi §e§ heft salekan me destebirayi
digel yekhdh kirin d qewi dost u a§ena
bfiyin] (JR) And so it was that we had a close
friendship for six [or] seven years, and were very
dear friends and acquaintances, {also: destbirakti
(A) ; destbrati (IF); destebiraki (K/B); destebirakti
(B) ; destebirayi (JR)} [K/A/JR/B]
destbra (IF) = adoptive brother; blood brother.
See destbira.
destbrati (IF) = adoptive brotherhood. See
• •
destbirati.
destcihoni (Bw) = pestle. See desteconi.
• •
destconi (Bw) = pestle. See desteconi.
destdirej JjjJo—oj m.&f. (). aggressor; offender.
{also: destdrej (IFb/OK); [dest-dirij] Jj.jJo— j (JJ)} Cf.
T eli uzun = 'thievish'; Sor desdirej =
’dishonest, corrupt' {destdireji}
[K/A/GF/TF//IFb/OK//JJ]
destdireji oj /. ( ;-ye). aggression,
belligerence; offense: -destdireji kirin (K/IFb) to
be aggressive; to do violence to: *£awa bi nave
zanahiye destdirejiye li zanahiye dike (Arif
Zerevan.Nudem 22:11) Flow he does violence to
science in the name of science, {also: destdreji
(IFb/OK)I Sor desdireji = ’dishonesty,
aggression' [Zeb/K/A/GF/TF//IFb/OK] <destdirej;
te’dari; zedegavi>
destdrej (IFb/OK) = aggressor. See destdirej.
destdreji (IFb/OK) = aggressor. See
destdireji.
destebimbareki (Z-l) = wrestling. See
bimbareki.
destebira ) (B) = adoptive brother; blood
brother. See destbira.
destebirak (K/JR/B) = adoptive brother;
blood brother. See destbira.
destebiraki (K/B) = adoptive brotherhood.
See destbirati.
destebirakti (B) = adoptive brotherhood.
See destbirati.
destebirayi (JR) = adoptive brotherhood. See
• •
destbirati.
destebra \ jj^oj (PS) = adoptive brother; blood
brother. See destbira.
desteconi m. (). pestle, {also: destc[ih]oni
♦ ♦
(Bw); [dest-i djohni] c yj(JJ)) {syn: mek’ut)
[Bw//OK//JJ] <coni I>
destedu /. (). on a traditional plow , the
9 m
handle which the plowman holds, {also: desteduvk,
m. (IFb/OK/AA); <destedu> (Hej)} Sor
desedh^jcu.oj [Zeb//Hej//IFb/OK/AA] <cot; halet;
hincar>
desteduvk, m. (IFb/OK/AA) = plow handle.
See destedu.
destek f. (K) = game; set; move (in a game) .
See dest [3].
destemal JLa^oj = handkerchief. See destmal.
destgeh (OK) = workshop; loom; organization.
See dezgeh.
destgiran oj adj. 1) sluggish, slow moving; 2)
clumsy, inept, awkward, unskilled.
[Hk/Zeb/K/A/IFb/GF/OK] <xemsar>
(EP-7/K/IFb) = fiance(e). See
• •
dergisti.
destgork /. (-a; ). glove, {syn: lepik [1])
[Bw]
desthel adj. handy, agile, good with one's
hands: •Miroveki desthel e (Zeb) He's a
handyman •Hozanvane jehati fi §ehreza di
vehandina hozan ft helbestan da, desthel ti
pispore lekinana peyivan, evindare
ciwaniya siru§te Kurdistane bi giya ft geli
ft dol ft rftbaren xo ve (Nisret Haci. "Feqe
Teyran ft Qiroken Binavkirina Wi," Peyam 5-6
[1996], 2) The poet skilled and expert at
composing poems and verses, handy and clever at
putting words together, enamored of the
Kurdistan’s natural beauty with its mountains,
valleys, ravines, and rivers. [Zeb/AId/Nisret Haci]
desthelat (IFb/OK) = power, authority. See
desthilat.
140
desthilat f. ( ;-e). power, authority:
• Barzani iddia kir ku planen Emerika ji
bo hilwe§andina desthilatiya Saddam
Huseyin hene (CTV57) Barzani claimed that
America has plans to destroy Saddam Hussein's
power, [also: desthelat (IFb/OK); desthilat! (TF))
v
[syn: fiuk’um; raye I| Sor deselat c/ta-oj < dest +
he! + hat [GF//IFb/OK//TF] <emir I>
desthilatdar adj. 1) in power, possessed of
authority: *Heke tevgera kurd ji xwe bide
ber ve yeke, ku hikumeteke neteweperest
ji desthilatdar be, we guherinen
demokratik pek werin (AW75A2) If the
Kurdish movement will support that idea, then
even if a nationalistic government is in power,
democratic changes will come ahout; 2) [m.&f. ]
person in charge or in power: •Li Tirkiyeye
rejim dive bi deste desthilatdaran, be
guhartin (AW69A2) In Turkey the regime must
be changed by those in power, [also: desthelatdar
(OK)) [GF//OK] <k’arbidest; ravedar>
desthilat! (TF) = power, authority. See
desthilat.
desthugik (IFb) = sleeve. See hugik.
desti m. (). an armful or bunch—while
harvesting, the amount of wheat that a p’ale
(agricultural worker) can grab hold of in his arm at
one time. [Qzl/lFb/GF] cbcrdas; gid!$; qefil>
destk’§§ adj. being led about bv the reins (of
a horse) (GF): -destk’e§ kirin (K/B)/~birin (B) to
walk a horse, to lead (a horse) by the reins; -Hespa
destk’§§ (B) a horse led by the reins. |destk’e§!)
[K/B/GF]
destk’e§i /’. Q. act of leading a horse about
by the reins: *Osib ji hespe peya dibe u bi
destk’S§i te cem pire (Ba-1. #26) Joseph
dismounts and, leading his horse by the reins,
comes to the old lady(\s house]. [Ba-1) <destk’e§>
destkis ^ m.&f. (). traitor, informer;
collaborator; quisling; spy. [also: deskis (IFb/OK);
[dest-kis] (JJ); <desk!s> (Hej)) [syn:
altax; mixenet; xayin; xwefiro§) <dest = ’hand + k!s
= 'purse', i.e., s.o. with his hand in s.o. else's purse
<destk!s!> [Dh/JJ//IFb/OK/Hej] <ceh§; ewan II;
geveze; nemam; sixur>
destkisi oj f. (). treason, betrayal, informing
(on s.o.); spying, espionage, [also: <desk!s!>
(HH); <desk!s!>
<destk!s>
(Hej)) [HH/Hej]
destkuj I j m. ( ;-i). animal not killed
according to religious principles (e.g., killed by
Christian [be nivej], which Muslims cannot eat),
tref. -xarina destkuj (Bw) food which Muslims
should not eat [because it was not ritually
slaughtered] *Ev xarine wek ya destkuji ye
(Bw) This food tastes like it was made by infidels (=
ya nexo§ e, i.e., it is bad), [also: [dest-kouji]
(JJ) = ’meat which is not licit’) [Bw//JJ]
• *
<mirar>
destlimej (ZK-3/TF) = Islamic ritual ablutions.
See destnimej.
destmal f. (-a;-e). handkerchief, hanky:
•Doktor Sertag rabu ser xwe, disan bi
destmala xwe ya kaxizi xwedana ser gav§
xwe u ya eniya xwe ya rut pakij kir, pa§§
destmala xwe xist berika xwe ya hundir
(KS, p.37) Dr. Sertag got up, again wiped the sweat
from bis naked face and forehead with his paper
handkerchief, then put his handkerchief in his
inside pocket, [also: desinal (A-2/B/IFb-2/GF); '
destemal; dezmal (Z-l); dismal (IFb-2); [desmal
JL-Xdest-mal JL o— j] (JJ); <desmal> JL-j (HH))
[svn: k’efi; kevnik [1)1 <dest = 'hand' + mal- = 'to
Y
wipe': Sor desinal JXoj; Za dismal f. (Todd)
[Z-l//K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/OK//B/HH] <lag’ik>
destmej (A/BK) = Islamic ritual ablutions. See
destnimej.
destnimej f (-a; ). Islamic ritual ablutions
(before prayer) . [also: desme (GF-2); deslimej (ZK-
3); destlimej (ZK-3-2/TF); destmej (A/BK);
destnivej (K-2/M-Zx/OK); dest’nivej (JBl-A); dest-
niwej (SK); deznevej (JBl-A); [dest nimij
j/destmij /desmij ju^j/ desmi ^j]
(JJ); <desm@j> (HH)) Cf. P dast namaz
Sor desnwej [desnoj] Za [desmaj]
(JJ)/desmaj m. (Mal) [K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK//A/BK/JJ//
HH//SK//TF/ZK-3]
destnivej
/.v i
oj (K/M-Zx/OK)/dest’nivej (JBl-A) =
Islamic ritual ablutions. See destnimSj.
destnivis
w
j /. (-a; ). manuscript, [also: [dest-
nivis] (JJ)} Sor dssxius
[Rw§/K/IFb/JJ/ GF/OK]
dest-niwej oj (SK) = Islamic ritual ablutions. See
destnim§j.
r
destpe See dest pe [bun/kirin] under dest.
destp§k f (-a;-§). beginning, start, onset:
-di destp§k§ de [or da] = at first, in the
beginning: »Di destpeke de min ew bi ceh u
kay§ xwedi dikir (HYma, 11) At first I fed him
barley and straw. [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <dest pe
bun/kirin>
destgo j (K/IFb/B/TF) = bathroom sink. See
dest§ok.
dest§ok f. ( ;-§). bathroom sink [Fr lavabo].
{also: dest§o (K/IFb/B/TF)} [Kmc/GF//K/IFb/B/TF]
dest ft dar 3 m. (-§; ). situation; condition,
state; circumstances, conditions: «Kurden fizidi
... gehi§tine welaten din bi daxwaza tenahi
ft a§tiy£ ft ... heta van sal@n dumahiye
saloxen wan zor k§m ji me ra dihatin ft
me k§m ji dest ft dar£ wan dizani (Metin
6:3, Adar 1992, p.49) Yezidi Kurds ... have
reached other countries in search of peace and
security ... these last few years we have heard little
news of them and have found out little about their
situation, {syn: tial; hewal; kawdan; rew§[3]}
[Zeb/Bw]
desttir f. (-a;-£). 1) *rule; *order; 2) (syn:
heq; fied [2]; maf} right (to do stg.) : -destur dan =
a) to give s.o. the right to; b) to permit, allow, let:
•Naha tu gerek§ destdra min bidi, ez
berbi mala xwe herim (Ba3-3, #6) Now you
must let me head for home; c) to give a
break/holiday leave; -desttira peyv§ (KS) "the
floor," the right to speak: «Di civina di derheqa
jinan de Mamosta £etin desttira peyv§
xwestibti d bi germi dipeyivi (KS, p.44) At
the meeting about women, Professor Qe tin was
given the floor and spoke warmly; 3) (syn: izin}
permission; permit (HH); 4) regulations, statutes; 5)
style (e.g., of clothes) (Zeb): «destura cilka (Zeb)
style of clothes, {also: [destour] (JJ); <destur>
(HH)} Cf. P dastur^^j
[EP-7/ K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
destvala ^li^oj/dest vala [A/GF] adj. 1)
empty-handed: *L§ gewa bikim, min gi 1£
bar kir ne ani, ez wa destvala tern mala
k’iriv§ xwe (Dz-anecdote #15) But what should I
do? He didn’t bring what I loaded on his back, and
so I am coming empty-handed to my godfather’s
house; 2) destitute, impoverished (JJ/HH). {also:
[dest-wala] (JJ); <destvale> (HH)}
<dest = ’hand’ + vala = 'empty' [Dz/A/IFb/JJ/GF/
OK//HH]
destxwe (TF) = immediately. See destxweda.
destxweda 1 dest xweda adv.
immediately: *Aqil p’exember wi kirasi
neziki g’ave xwe dike, wi gaxi herdu
g’av§ wi dest xweda sax dibin (Ba-1, #37)
Jacob the prophet brings this sbirt close to his eyes,
and both bis eyes are immediately cured [of
blindness] *Destxweda giliye kale diniyaditt
hate qedandin (Z-l) Immediately the words of
the experienced old man were carried out # Zine
destxweda giliye Memi dife’mine (Z-l) Zin
immediately understands Mem's words, {also:
destxwe (TF)} [Z-1/K/OK//TF]
de§ (Jloj (HB) = sister-in-law. See di§.
de§t f. (-a;-e). plain, prairie, steppe: -de§t ft.
bani (EP-8) hill and dale, {also: [decht] (JJ);
<de§t> (HH)} (syn: best; fast [6]} Cf. P dast
Sor de§t Hau de§t[e] f. (M4) [Ba2/EP-8/
K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK/JR]
cberi II; gol; geli II>
de§ti ( j^o^ m.&f. (). plains dweller, one wbo lives on
tbe flatlands: »Ez ne giyayi ft ne ji de§ti me
(Lab, 7) I am neither a mountain dweller nor a
plains dweller, {also: [dechti] (JJ)} Cf. P dastl
Sor de§ti [Lab/IFb/JJ/GF/TF]
dev Jioj in. (-e; dev, vi devi). 1) mouth (lit. &
fig.)-. *Ti§teki min heye, / Ez dest§ xwe
didime dele, / Deve xwe vedike. / Ew
giye? [meqes] (Z-1815) I have something / If I
put my hand on its tail / It opens its moutb. / What
is it? [rdl.; ans.: scissors]\ -dev-diran (XF): a)
mouth; b) talk, rumors, gossip; -dev ji ft-f/fk-G
berdan = a) to leave/let stg. or s.o. alone: *Dev
je berde, bila di cihe xwe de be (L) Leave it
alone, so that it stays in its place; b) to give up on,
renounce, stop doing stg. (syn: dest ji ft-i k’i§andin;
hi§tin; qeran; t’erkandin}; -dev ft g’av (K) face [lit.
'mouth and eyes’]; -dev ft l§v (Z-l/K) mouth and
lips; -dev§ fk-§ nek’etin [+ subj.] (K/XF) not to
dare to: *Dev§ te nek’etiye tu pe§beri min
xeberdi (K) You didn’t dare speak against me
• Dev@ bav§ keseki nek’etye nav ci ft
be’lgid min bivine (EP-7) No one[’s father]
would dare to look at my bed and pillow (syn:
►
142
fiede have kesekt t’une; werin [+ neg.]}; 2) opening,
gate: ‘Herin, deve xizna min vekin (L) Go,
open the gate of my treasury!; -deve hire (Z-3)
mouth or top of a well; -deve deri (Haz) [part of
a room] closest to the door (where the poorest,
lowest class people must sit); 3) edge, rim: *[..,Her
se mirof hatine deve gemeki] (JR-1) All three
fellows came to the edge of a river; 4] {syn: §ilf; ti I|
cutting edge, blade: -deve §hr = blade of a sword.
{also: [dew] Jfj (JJ): <dev> (HH)) O Ir
*zafan/zafar: Av zafar/n- n.; Mid P dahan &
(daevic) zafar (M3); Pamir dialects: Ormuri dan
(Morg); P dahan /dahan jlfcj = 'mouth 1 , also
dam ^ = ’breath’; Sor dem *oj; Hau dem m . =
'mouth, blade’ (M4) [F/K/A/IB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/
TF/OK] <didan; lev; ziman>
devbe§ adj. 1) {svn: gikus; giruk [2]) greedy,
miserly; 2) {syn: beaqil) stupid (Dh). {also:
<devbe$> (Hej)l [Zeb/Dh/Hej]
dev be§ kirin G^ (Zeb) — to open one s mouth.
See be§ III.
devdin adj. crazy, (syn: din II; §et) [EP-7]
dev«el aiaj f.(K/B)/m.(Ba/F) C*a/ ;•§/ ). camel:
•Serwaneki §exe Ereba e deva ji heye (L)
The Arab Sheikh also has a camelherd; -deva me
= female camel. ( also: devih (TF): [deve] (JJ);
<deve> (HH)| { syn: hegtir) < T deve
[Ba/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//TF] clok 1 JI: qenPer;
xiya bun & kirin>
dev«e II c^'oj f. (• a; ). dung or manure, mixed with
straw in animal's stable [kol], heaped up in chunks
as hard as rock or cement (Zeb). {also: fdewe]
(JJ); <deve aJoj/devve 0 j oj> (Hej) 1 Sor dewe
(Mukri) [Zeb/JJ/Hej] <k’erme; qelax; rix; sergin;
Pepik II; Fert[ik]>
dever I f. (-a;-e). 1) |syn: ci [1]; der I; dews I;
erdim; §un) place, spot; 2) region, area.
[Msr/A/JB3/IFb/GF/OK] <herem>
deverd adv. face down, prone, prostrate: -
*
deveru k’etin (B) to sink to one’s knees, fall face
down: *[Lakin pawan ji p§ naKesin, devarfi
dikevite niva hespan] (JR #27, p.80) But even
the watchmen are not aware of him, [as] he sneaks
face down into the midst of the horses, j also:
[devaru] jjUj (JR)} Cf. P damar[u] =
'prostrate, flat, prone' [JR//K/IFb/B/(JJ)/GF/OK]
<garlepi>
devgu adj. foul-mouthed. < dev = 'mouth' + gu
= ’feces' [Msr]
devih asoj (TF) = camel. See deve.
devz j m./f.(KZIFb/OK) (). l) {syn: kem; k’ol III;
t ? efa§ II; Turn] bush(es), shrub(s); thicket; 2)
bramble; *sapling (JJ). {also: [dewi] (JJ); <devi>
(HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
devmug (Elk) = puckered up; shut See mfig II.
Devfe§ m. (). common name for a dog. [Msr]
<Cevro; Deqe>
devter jaJoj (FK-eb-l/B) = notebook. See deft’er.
dew I m. ( ; dew, vi dewi). drink made of
yoghurt and water, similar to buttermilk; whey
(JB3) [cf. T avran]: «Adar e, dew li dar e (AB)
It’s March (=springtime), ’'dew” is in the wood
[wooden churner] I also: [deou] (JJ); <d[e]w>jj
(HH)1 <0 Ir *dauga- (A&L p. 84 [V]): P duy Sor
doJ j; Za do/du m. (Mai) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/BK] <g’eqilmast; dohin; doxeba; mast; §irej>
de’w II^oj f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: ceng [2]; cerenix; cure;
doz; gelem§e; gel§; k’e^mek’e?; k’e§e; p’evgun)
fight, argument, dispute: «We dere ort’a wanda
gelek de’w gii (Z-l) A great fight broke out
between them; -de’w h doz (Z-l/BJ/de’w-doz
(XF) fight, argument; battle, war: *Em li dine
digerin de’w u dozin (Z-l) We roam the world
in search of fights; 2) demand, request (B): •Law,
hele here binhere gi dehwa van xelkan e
(L) Son, go see what those people’s demand is
(=what they want), {also: da’w IV (IS); dehw (L);
dehwa (GF); de’wa (SK/OK); [dava] (JJ);
<de’wa> (HH)) < Ar da'wd P da’va
U^->Tdava [Z-1/K/XF/B//JJ/
HH/SK/OK//L//GF]
de’wa (SK/OK/JJ/HH) = argument; demand. See
de’w II.
dewam f. (). durability, sturdiness, solidity
(JJ/SK): -dewam kirin (Wlt/K[s]) to continue {syn;
berdewam bun & kirin: dom [bun &] kirin; domin
& domandin): *Ev kirinen hovane u tehdit
he ji dewam dikin (Wit 1:41, p.5) These savage
deeds and threats are still continuing, {also:
[dewam Jjj/doum (JJ) ) <Ar dawam pljj
^’duration, permanence'; Sor dewam pljoj =
’continuation, term' & dewam kirdin = ’to
last, continue, attend (school, course, etc.), to
persist’ (EM) [Wlt/K(s)/SK//JJ] <k > i§andin [5]>
dewar jIjoj m. (-e; dewer, vi dewari). 1) a
collective term for horses, donkeys, and mules
[equines] (Zeb): *Dewara suwariya wi ji ker
e. Hig Keywan qebul naket deccal li ser
pi§ta wi sfiwar bit ji bil keri (SK 25:228) His
mount will be a donkey. No animal will allow
Antichrist to mount on its back except the donkey
• Dibejin carek§ se kes gfine karwanf, yeki
hebti hesp, yeki hestir, yeki ker.
Gehe§tine rezeki dur ji gundi, dewargt
wan birsi btibtin, ew ji mandi bubun (SK
8:78, They say that 3 men once went on a caravan,
one having a horse, one a mnle, and one a
donkey. -They arrived at a garden far from a
village. Their beasts had become hungry, and they
themselves were tired; 2 ) {syn: gavri; gare§, Fari§)
cattle, livestock [bovines and equines]: *Ew giya
ciy§ g’§ra pez ft deware gundiya bil (Ba 2 ,
202 ) That mountain was the place for grazing the
sheep and cattle of the villagers *Kegike di§ine
ber dewer (J) She sends the girl to [tend) the
cattle, [also: [davar] (JJ); <d[e]war> (HH))
Cf. T davar = 'goats and sheep’; Za dewar ni.
(Todd) [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK] <gafan;
naxir; pez; sewal I>
de’wat o)>poj/dewat m./f.(K/B) (-e/-a; /-e).
1 ) [syn: cejin; dilan [ 2 ]} wedding celebration:
• Zutir gereke em de’wata wi bikin
(Abbasian #3:143) We should promptly arrange his
wedding; -def de’wat = do.: *Def u dewate
wana kir (J) He threw them a big wedding
celebration [lit. 'He made them a drum and a
wedding’]; 2 ) [syn: govend) dance, particularly folk
dances performed at wedding celebrations and the
like (Bw). [also: dawat, f. (IFb/Bw); dawet, f.
(IS/TF/OK); de’at (Ks); dewet, f. (F); de’wet (B);
[d&vet] o$-£o/ojl^ (JJ); <de’wet> (HH)| < Ar
da‘wah = ’invitation’
[Ks//J/K//F//B/HH//IFb/Bw//JJ//IS/TF/OK] <buk I;
mehir; nikha; zava; zewac>
dewet oojoj, f. (F) = wedding; dance. See de’wat.
de’wet oo^oj (B) = wedding; dance. See de’wat.
dewijn (Qzl) = foam on butter. See dewjin.
dewik J 30 J (IFb) = foam on butter. See dewjin.
dewil Jjoj (A) = bucket. See dewl I.
dewisandin vt. (-dewisin-). 1 ) to press,
squeeze, crush, mash (IFb/JJ/M-Zx); 2) to press
< Vd-w-s =
down, tread down, trample, tamp, ram (tobacco in
pipe, etc.) (IFb/K); 3) [syn: g’ikandin; fie§ikandin)
to stuff, cram, pack, fill (K); 4) *to take by force, do
violence to (JJ). [also: dewsandin (K); [deousandin]
jjLjj (JJ); <duwisandin (didewisine)
(HH)) <Ar daws
'to trample’ [M-Zx/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/ OK//K//HH]
dewjin f. (). foam on the top of butter, [also:
dewijn (Qzl); dewik (IFb-2); dewnik (GF); <dewjin>
(jjjoj (Hej)) cf. Sor dowuk = ’sediment of
melted butter 1 [Wn/Kmc-#2661/IFb/Hej//Qzl//GF]
<k’ef>
dewl I J 3 oj f. ( ;-e). bucket, pail: *Vira dewlgi
dewle hildide (Ba) Here the bucket carrier picks
up the bucket, [also: deluv (JB3/IFb-2/OK); dewil
(A); dewlik (IFb/JB3-2); dol III (IFb-2); [delou
Q j/dol J 3 j] (JJ); <dul> (HH)) [syn: 'elb; helgin
(Kr§); sitil) < Arc dewal ‘TH'H/dawla K^llH & Syr
dawlo ^00 ; NENA dola & dolcha (Maclean); Sor
dolge & dolke Cf. Ar dalwQj, Heb deli
* ,£ ?T; P dalvQj & dul & dim. dulce It is
unclear whether the Krm forms come directly from
Arc, or indirectly via P dul J 3 J [Ba/K/IFb/B/GF/
TF//JB3/OK//A//JJ//HH] <mencelok; zerik [2]>
dewl II = drum. See dehol.
dewlgi m. (). bucket carrier, water bearer,
aquarius. < dewl = 'bucket' + T -gi = '-er' (doer:
indicates profession) [Ba] <dewl; sitil>
dewlemend adj. rich, wealthy (lit. & fig.):
•Zargotina me pir dewlemend e. Milete
me ew zargotin afirandiye, niha ji
diafirine. Ew kaniyeke gur e (Wit 2:59, p. 16)
Our folklore is very rich. Our people has created
this folklore, and is still creating it. It is a gushing
source; -dewlemend kirin = to enrich, [also:
dewletmend (SK); [devlemend] (JJ);.
<dewlemend> (HH)) [syn: maldar; xurt [4])
v
Cf. P doulatmand Sor dewlemend
|dewle[t]mendi) [F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
<p’i II>
dewlemendi f. (-ya; ). wealth, riches;
••
being rich, [also: dewletmendi (SK)) [syn: dewlet
[4]) [JB3/IFb/GF/OK//SK] <dewlemend>
dewlet f. (-a;-e). 1 ) country, nation, state,
land: *Sefewiyan ji ji bo parastina sinor§
dewleta xwe li hemberi imparatoriya
berfireh a Osmaniyan §ieti weki
144
mezhebeki dini u fermi ... dan [sic]
xuyakirin (Zend 2:3[1997], p.56) And the
Safavids, in order to protect the horder of their
state against the expansive Ottoman Empire,
declared Shiism their official religious sect; 2)
government (K/B): *Ew dewleta ku 'eskere we
cendirmet weki hingo di ling-difyay u ji-
birsa-min bin gawa di§en pilinget weki
c Ali be §er ti. zehmet bigirin ft xirab
biken? (SK 14:139) How can a government,
whose army consists of ragged-trousered, starving
zaptiehs like you, catch and destroy leopards like
Ali without fighting and trouble? •Hun gereke
Osib bikujin, weki dewlet ft p’at§ati wefa
bimine (Ba3-l) You must kill Joseph, so that the
government and kingship go [lit. 'remain'] to you;
3) strength, power (K): •Rabu ser zine dewlete
(FK-eb-1) He got up onto the saddle of power
(poetic license) : -dewlet sere fk-i
• •
(Dh/Bar/Zeb/SK) thanks to s.o., because of s.o.:
•dewlet sere te = thanks to yon •Dewlet sere
Mam Gurd, min gi minnet bi waliye te
heye? (SK 36:324) Thanks to Mam Gurd, what
obligation have I toward your Governor? (syn; bi
xera...}; 4) [syn: dewlemendi] wealth (K/JJ/HH/GF).
{also: [dauleta] oJjj (JJ): <dewlet> oJjj (HH)1
< Ar dawlah Mjj = country; dynasty; change'
v
--> P doulat oJjj & T devlet; Sor dewlet oJ 3 oj =
'state, government, riches 1 ]FK-l/K/A/IFb/B/HH/
GF/TF/OK//JJ]
dewletmend (SK) = rich. See dewlemend.
dewletmendi (SK) = wealth. See
_ ••
dewlemendi.
dewlik eJJjoj (IFb/JB3) = bucket. See dewl I.
dewnik (GF) = foam on butter. See dewjin.
dewre$ m.&f. (). dervish; beggar; wandering
mendicant (HH): -li xwe kirin dilxe
dewre§a[n] (K) to take on the appearance ol
dervishes, to dress up/disguise o.s. as a dervish.
{also: *derve§ (A); derwe§ (IFb/GF/TF/OK);
[devrich] J. (JJ); <dirwe§> (HH)) Cf. P/Ar
darwl§ Sor derwe§ Za dewre§ m.
(Mai) [Z-922/K/B/JJ//IFb/GF/TF/OK//HH//A]
<ge§t; p’ars; xwazok>
dewri ^oj f. (-ya; ). plate, dish. I syn: firaq;
teyfik) [Urm/Slm/K(s)| <aman>
dews j f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: ci [1]; der I; dever I;
erdim; §un] place, stead: •Boxeki jar dewsa
wara dimine (J) A thin ox stays in the
place/vicinity of the encampment; -dewsa (Z-
922/K) [prep.] instead of, in place of [syn: del III}:
•Tu §ilfa §ftr derxe, dareki g@ ke bavdje
dewsa §ilfe (Z-922) You take off the sword’s
blade, make one of wood [and] put [lit. 'throw'] [it]
in place of the blade •Seft do§eka dewsa yeke
datine (EP-7) She put down seven mattresses
instead of one; 2) {syn: reg’ II; §op) trace (of an
encampment) ; trail (of an animal's path), footprint
(HH): *Ewe nezikaya k’upe run k’ulme
dudu ar ser 'erd£ re§and, ku ji dewsa linga
diz nas bike (Dz-anec #32) Near the butter jug
she sprinkled on the ground a handful or two of
flour, so that from the footprints she could
recognize the thief [i.e., know who the thief was],
j also: [deous] (JJ); <dews> (HH)} <Ar daws
= ’treadling], trampling, step'
[J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JB 1-S/GF/TF/OK] <war>
dewsandin (K) = to press; to stuff. See
dewisandin.
dexalet f (-a;-e). refuge, asylum,
submission: -dexaleta fk-i kirin (SK) to submit,
surrender, defect to, seek asylum or refuge from:
• "Ez yeqin dizanim disa d§ te xazin e
Musile, emma nebit bigi. De te
xendiqinin. fletta bi§ey xo li ciy§ xo
mufiafeze bike. Eger to ne§yay, here,
dexaleta Urosi bike" (SK 48:500) "I know for
certain that they will summon you to Mosul again,
but you must not go. They will hang you. Protect
yourself in your own home while you can. When
yon can no longer, go and seek refuge from the
Russians” •fietta par do-hizar mal zedetir ji
§emdinan u Girdiyan u Biradostan hatin e
dexalete u Cenral Lewendoski hem! qebtll
kirin fi kaxez u beydaxet emniyetd dan §
(SK 56:649) Up till last year more than two
thousand families from Shamdinan and the Girdi
and Biradost defected [or, sought asylum] and
General Levandovski accepted them all and gave
them letters and flags of safe-conduct *Ji m@j bH
qewm§ kurd xiyal hebti dexaleta dewletS
di biken, emma deste wan nedige§t e (SK
56:643) For some time the Kurdish people had
145
been thinking of seeking asylum from another state
but they did not achieve it «Me dexaleta
merKemet o ’edaleta dewleta behiye-y Rtls
kiribU (SK 54:579) We had submitted to the
mercy and justice of the august Russian
government *Pa§! ko mam§ Seyyid Taha ji
Istembold hat e Kurdistane, ma-beyna wi u
mam! nexo§ bH Seyyid Taha bfi dujminS
TJsman!yan. Hat e girtin, birin e
Istembole. ji we-der§ firar kir, hat e-naw
Urosi, dexalet kir (SK 48:497) After Sayyid
Taha’s uncle came to Kurdistan from Istanbul,
relations between him and his uncle broke down
and Sayyid Taha became an enemy of the Turks.
He was seized and taken to Istanbul. He fled from
there and came among the Russians and sought
refuge. < Ar Vd-x-1 = ’to enter' [Bw/SK]
dexdexan <jU.ojci.oj (BX) = cattle brand. See dax.
dexes adj. 1) {syn: fievsud; k’umre§) jealous;
2) [m.j *miser (HH); 3) *slanderer (K). [also: dexis
(IFb-2); <dexes> ^^o-j (HH)) (dex[e]si)
[K/IFb/B/HH/OK]
dexes! /. ( ;-ye). 1) [syn: Kevsudi; k’umfe§i)
jealousy: -dexes! kirin (K/B) to be jealous of; to
envy: •Diya dehe kura ji boy Osib dexes!
dikir (Ba3-1) The mother of the ten boys was
jealous of (or, envied) Joseph; 2) *slander (K). {also:
dexs! (TF); [dikhesi] ^j (JJ)) [B/K/OK//TF//JJ]
<g’avnebari; g’avre§!>
dexil (A/TF) = grains, cereals. See dexl.
dexis (IFb) = jealous. See dexes.
dexl m. (-£;-!). grains, cereals: •Genimi
tg!nin ft dexl! tginin, ceh! tginin ft t’ut’ind
j! tkin (M-Zx #777) They plant wheat and
cereals, they plant barley and they also grow
tobacco; -dexl ft dan (SK) crops, produce [syn:
deramet I; hasil): *Dura ke§kele hat e pe§,
got, "Zerera min ewe ye. Ez genim£ wan
dixom, ceh£ wan, genime§am!ye wan, tale
H herzinet wan, xiro u n!sk u ma§ u noket
wan, xulase hem! dexl-H-dand wan teqs!r
nakem, dixom" (SK 1:4) Afterward the magpie
came forward and said, "This is the damage I do. I
eat their wheat, their barley, their maize, their
millet, their durra and lentils and grams and
chickpeas—in short, 1 do not stint eating all their
crops." {also: dexil (A/TF); dexil (JBl-A); dexl
(K[s]); [dekhel] J^»j (JJ); <dexl> Jio (HH)} {syn; zad)
Cf. Ar daxl Jsj = ’income, revenue’; T tahil =
’grains, cereals’; NENA dakhla = 'grain, corn, meal'
v
(Maclean); Sor dexl = wheat, barley'
[M-Zx/IFb/HH/SK/GF/AD//A/TF//JJ//JBl-A//K(s)]
dexsi (TF) = jealousy. See dexes!.
■ •
dexil J&oj (JBl-A) = grains, cereals. See dexl.
dexl J&oj (K[s]) = grains, cereals. See dexl.
dey I (). answer, response: -dey kirin = 1) to
utter, speak, make a sound: *Kesi dey ne kir (L)
No one answered, no one made a sound # Wexta
qewaza deyn Mem£ kirin (Z-l) When the
couriers spoke to Mem; 2) to object to, respond to.
answer (with anger) (TF). {also: deyn I (L))
[L/K/A/IFb/GF/TF] <deng I>
dey II ^oj (JBl-A) = mother. See de I.
• •
deybab ^Iooj (JBl-A) = parents. See ddUbav.
deydik Jjjoj f. (). 1) [syn: colan; dolidang I;
helekan; hezok) swing; 2) rocking cradle, {also:
deyik (TF)] [A/IFb/GF/OK//TF] <landik>
deyin <jjoJ, f. (OK) = debt. See deyn II.
deyindar jIj-ooj (OK) = debtor; in debt. See deyndar.
deyk’ JLoj (JBl-A/Bw) = mother. See d£ I.
deyn I ^oj: -deyn kirin (L) = to speak. See dey I.
deyn II j^oj m.(F/K/B)/£(OK) (-e/ ; ). debt, money
(or property) owed to another: •DeynS min le
ye/li ser e = He owes me stg.; deyn day!n
(B/JJ) to lend, loan; -deyn kirin (B)/[dem sitandin]
qjj (JJ) to borrow, {also: deyin, f. (OK);
[dein] ^j (JJ); <deyn> (HH)) {syn: qer) <Ar
dayn = ’debt’ [F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//OK]
deyndar ni.&f. (). l) debtor, person in debt;
2) [adj.] indebted, in debt, owing: *Ew deyndar§
te ye = He owes you stg., He is indebted to you.
[also: deyindar (OK); [deindar] Jjjj j (JJ);
<deyndar> jjj j (HH)) {syn: qerdar) <P dayndar
Jjjjj [Bw/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF//OK] <deyn
II>
dezgah ol$>j (OK/IFb) = workshop; loom;
organization. See dezgeh.
dezge *5joJ (K/B/GF/OK) = workshop; loom;
organization. See dezgeh.
dezgeh a*$Joj f. (-a; ). 1) joiner’s bench (B);
workshop (JJ/HH); 2) (syn: t’evn) weaving loom
(A/TF/OK); 3) organization, institution, apparatus:
•Ben serhildana 91’an hemti. dezgehdn
gand! di bin desti rejima Baas de bfln (Wit
146
2 :101, p.16) Before the [19)91 revolt, all the
cultural institutions were under the control of the
Baathist regime; -dezgehen ragihandine (VOAJ
the media, {also: destgeh (OK-2); dezgah (OK/IFb-
2); dezge (K-2/B-2/GF/OK-2]; [dezghiah] ol5 jj (JJ);
<dizgeh> (HH)) P dastgah oISjuj = apparatus,
machine, workshop, etc.’ -> T tezgah = 'counter,
workbench, loom’; Sor dezga = 'anvil,
workshop, place of business' [Wlt/K/IFb/B/TF//
OK//GF//JJ//HH]
dezgirti (]Bl-S) = fiance(e). See dergisti.
dezgin (K/Z-2) = rein; bridle. See dizgin.
dezi f/m.(OK/K§) (/-ye; ). thread; cotton
thread (JJ/SK): -dez! u direzi (Slv) needle and
thread, [also: dezu (M-Ak); [dezi] ^jo (JJ); <dezi>
(HH)! { syn : ta 1; Pel [2]) Sor dezu
[Ad/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/K§//M-Ak] <dav
II; derzi; gulok; masur>
dezmal JLjoj (Z-l) = handkerchief. See destmal.
deznevej jl **j >j (JB1-A) = Islamic ritual ablutions. See
destnimSj.
dezu(M-Ak) = thread. See dezi.
de I f. (deya/ diya/ diya/ dya [JJ/ ciya [Dyd];
indef. deyek / dek/ diyek; voc. daye [Ab/Ag]).
mother: »daye = mommy, mom •Diya wan
§iva wan ani (L) Their mother brought their
dinner *Osib h Benams ji deke bun (Ba)
Joseph and Benjamin were from one mother; -de u
bav (B)/deubav (JB3)/debav (K)/deybab. pi.
(JBl-A) parents; -ji dayk bun = to be born, [also:
da I (IF-2/A-2); dayik (A-2/JB3-2/IF-2/B-2): dayk
(SK);dey II (JBl-A); deyk 1 (JBl-A/Bw); [da b /di
/diia L j/daik Jblj] (JJ); <de ^j/da !j> (HH))
[syn: in[ik]; mak) [Pok. dhe(i)- 241.] 'to suck’: P
dayah aAj = 'wet nurse'; Sor dayk Hau eda f.
(M4); cf. Gr thelys QqAug = 'female' (adj.) & thele
8 t)At) = ’nipple'; cf. also Geo deda 50350 a = 'mother'
Ideti) [BX/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/ GF/TF/OK//JJ//SK]
<bav; dayin 1II>
de II [+ non-prefixed subj.]. future tense marker,
particularly in the Behdini sub-dialects (Zakho ,
Mosul, Jabal Sinjar , Amadiyah, Siirt [Bohtan],
Hakkari, etc.); corresponds to we + sub), m central
and northern Kurmanji sub-dialects: *Ez de
binim = Ez we [Eze] bibinim = I will see. I also: we
II) [Zx/M/Bw/Wlt]
debav «JLj j (K) = parents. See defibav.
dedik JSjj f. Q. spleen. 1 also: <dedik> JjJ j (Hej)}
[syn: fatere§k; tefiel; xalxalk] [Zeb/OK/Hej]
dejnik JjJj j, f. (-a;-e), garden cress, garden
peppergrass, bot. Lepidum sativa. {also: dejnk (FJ))
{syn: re§adl [Qzl/IFb//FJ]
dejnk Jhjjy (FJ) = garden cress. See d£jnik.
del I Jjj f. (-a;-e). female of any canine species :
•delegur (BX) she-wolf *dele se (JB3) bitch,
female dog • delik (A) bitch, female dog. {also:
[dell] JLj (JJ); <del> J_y (HH)| [syn: mak; me) [Pok.
dhe(i)- 241.] 'to suck': Sor del joj/del jfcj; Hau
dele f (M4); cf. Gr thelys QqAug = 'female' (adj.) &
thele 6 t)At| = ’nipple' [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
SK/GF/TF/OK]
del II Jjj f. (-a;-e). tail: *Dela box girt (J) He took
hold of the ox's tail *Keftare geni, em te nas
dikin, me dela te di bine poste we§eq@ de
ditiye (Wit 2:100, p.13) Stinking hyena, we know
who you are [or, we recognize you], we have seen
your tail [sticking out] from under the lynx's pelt
•Ti§teki min heye, / Ez dest6 xwe didime
dele, / Deve xwe vedike. / Ew giye?
[meqes] (Z-1815) I have something / If I put my
hand on its tail / It opens its mouth. / What is it?
[rdf; ans .: scissors]: -del u duv, f. (K) do. {syn:
bog’fik]; du II; k’ilk; kuri I (Bw); qemg[ik]; teri I[l])
Cf. Ar dayl = 'tail' [J/F/K/B/GF/Rh] <duv I>
del III prep . instead of: -ji del (BX)/ji dela ...
ve (L) do.: *Ji del xwe§iye, te dile me ji
xema u kesera dagirtiye (BX) Instead of joy,
you have filled our heart with pain and concern
• ji dela zaroka ve (L) instead of sons/children.
Isvn: dewsa) Cf. Arbadal Jjo [BX/L/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
delegur f. (-a;-e). female wolf, she-wolf.
{also: delegurg (OK); [deil-e gour] (JJ)) {syn:
delik [2]1 Za delverg (Todd)—for etymology see d§l
I. [BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//OK] <del I; gur; me>
delegurg j j (OK) = she-wolf. See delegur.
delese ^-.Jjy/dele se [JB3] f. (). bitch, female dog.
{also: deieseg) ! syn: delik) — for etymology see dSl
I. [K/IF//JB3]
deieseg Jj j = bitch. See d@lese.
dele§er j f 0* lioness, {also: [del-i §Ir] (JJ/PS)]
{syn: §era me (F)) [K/JJ/GF/OK]
delik cJ-1j j f. (-a;-@). bitch (fig. & lit.) , female dog.
laiso; [deilik] JLJLj (JJ)} — for etymology see d@l I.
[Msr/F/A/lFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK] <del I>
147
d§m I j (). 1 ) {also: [dem] ^ j (JJ); <dem> j (HH)}
dry farming {cf. beji [ 2 ]}; unirrigated land (K/JJ];
unwatered field (A); land irrigated solely by
rainwater (CG); 'Dem' "Kind of cultivation carried
on by means of rain ... All cultivation in
Koordistan is watered solely by the rains, there
being no artificial irrigation" {C.J. Rich. Narrative of
a Residence in Koordistan (London: James Duncan,
1836), vol. 1 , p. 56); (Rich’s assertion is
contradicted by the following:) "There are
nonirrigated [de:m] and irrigated [’a:vi] lands in the
[neighborhood of the] village. The irrigated
orchards are around the village [of Aradhin, c. 10
miles west ofAmadia, in northern Iraqi Kurdistanf
while the nonirrigated [fields] are somewhat farther
away from it and occupy the entire lower part of
the village [property]" (G. Krotkoff. A Neo-Aramaic
Dialect of Kurdistan (New Haven: American
Oriental Society, 1982), pp. 68-69, sentence #4); 2 )
{also: [dim] j (JJ)) {syn: fii§k [ 1 ]) arid, dry, rainless
(IF/JJ). Cf. Ar daym = 'raining gently &
incessantly', P dem ^ j = ’(crop) produced by dry
farming’ & P demzar jljpo = ’field watered by rain
only’ & P deml^ j = ’nurtured by rain only (sown
fields)'; Sor dem [Rich/Krotkoff/K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/HH/
GF/OK/CG/Rwn] cbeji [ 2 ]>
d§m II jJ j f(K)/m.(B)/pl.(Qzl) (). cheeks and fleshy
part of face; area of face bounded by ear, eye,
nose, and mouth (wider area of face than hinarik
= cheek): •ddmen sor (Qzl) red cheeks
(=hinarken sor). {also: [dim] (JJ))
[Qzl/K/B/GF//JJ] <hinarik; lame; ru; suret>
d§maPi j f- ( - ya;-ye). stepmother; mother of
the children one’s husband has by a previous
marriage (JJ). {also: damari (Ba-2/IFb-2/B); [damari]
(JJ); <demari> (HH)) {syn: jinbav;
zirdayik) <de + mari <0 Ir *ma0rya- (A&L p. 86
[VI, 4]); cf. Pashto ma(i)ra = 'stepmother’; Za
damari/domari f, (Mai) [Ba/K/JB3/IFb/HH/GF/
OK//B/JJ] cbavmari; hewi; -Hill I; nevisi; zirbav>
d§mek j. that means, in other words, that is to
say, i.e. [C’est a dire]: •Demek te §englo,
Menglo, Qaligenglo biriye (J) That means that
[=so] you took Sh., M., and Q. (sjnr ango; ye’ni}
< T demek = ’[that is] to say’ [J/K/B]
d§mqemer adj. dark-complected, dark-
complexioned: •Memo mdreki bejnbilindi
navmilfireyi demqemer bu (Ba 2 :l, p.204)
Memo was a man tall of stature, broad shouldered,
dark complected. {syn: qemer) [Ba2/K]
den o (IS) = sight. See din I.
der f (-a;-e). 1 ) church: *Gundeki kevne;
d§ra we ji geleki kevne (K2-Ferik) It is an old
village; its church is old too; 2 ) monastery, {also:
[deir] (JJ); <der> (HH)} <Syr dayro lo>o =
'dwelling, habitation; monastery’; cf. Ar dayr =
'monastery', also of Arc/Syr origin (Fraenkel, p.
275); Sor der y = 'monastery' [K2-Ferik/F/K/A/
IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <qe§e>
deran I q )y (-der-) (JB3/HH/0K) = to winnow; to
scatter. See derandin.
deran II q) j adj. unlucky, unfortunate, having
experienced a tragedy or disaster, {syn: belengaz;
bextre§; reben) [Slm/K/A/IFb/B/GF]
derandin jjjI Jjj vt. (-derin-). 1 ) {also: deran (-der-)
(JB3)) to winnow (M-Zx/A/IFb/JB3); 2 ) {also:
derandin (IFb); deran I (-der-) (JB3/QK); <deran
j)(didire) (HH)) to scatter, sprinkle,
strew (JB3/IFb/HH); 3) {syn: xudan) to sweat vt.
(e.g., tears , blood) (M-Zx). Cf. Ar dara ^j/darrall
^ j/adra IV = 'to winnow’ (M-Zx/A/IFb/GF/
TF//JB3/HH/0K] <be[n]der>
der*e oJjj ni. (*e; ). c dera,’ type of woman’s dress;
with long sleeves, open in front, tied at the waist
with a drawstring (Kmc- 11 ): •Osib dide pey we,
dest daveje para dere we (Ba3) Joseph follows
her, grabs hold of her dress from behind •Leyle
rabu dawa dere xwe, guxe xwe biri (EP-5,
#15) Leyla cut off tbe lap of her dress, of her coarse
coat, {syn; fistan) for illustration , see Kmc-11, page
1; this word is used by nomads [koger] in the
Serhedan region (=Turco-Iranian border) (Kmc-11)
[Ba3/K/B/Kmc-ll]
deti o f. ( ;-ye). motherhood. [K/B/IFb/GF] <de I;
kufti II>
de ft bav «JU 3 pi. parents, {also: deybab, pi.
(JBl-A); debav (K); dewbav (OK))
[JB3/IFb/B//K//0K//JBl-A]
dev d&y (MK/IFb/OK) = demon; ogre. See dew.
dew^j j m. (-e; ). demon; ogre, {also: dev (MK/IFb-
2 /OK- 2 ); dib; [dev]^jj (JJ); <dew>j_> j (HH)) Cf. P
dlv^j> j --> T dev; Sor dew^jo; Hau dew m. (M4)
[K/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK//MK/JJ] <cin; ji me getir;
ferKit; §eytan>
148
dewbav <JL (OK) = parents. See de u bav.
di j prep. 1 ) in; to: within; of (gives the idea of
belonging, location, etc.) : -Vi kefgi di §orbe
meke, pis e (BX) Don’t put this spoon in the
soup, it's dirty *Ez di xwe fekirim (BX) I was
thinking to myself •Rojeke, di xwe fekiri (L)
One day she thought to herself ... *Halan di hev
dan (BX) They encouraged each other •Merhem
di xwe da (BX) He rubbed/annointed himself
with balm *Zanina min di vi wari (BX) My
knowledge of this subject/field; -digel [prep.[ =
with [< di + gel = group’]: 2 ) [In combination with
postpositions (i.e., ambipositions)[:
-di ... de/da = in (location) , inside: (the
preposition 'di' of 'di... de' is sometimes elided ,
particularly in the northern sub-dialects) : »di
mixareke de (L) in a cave *Ez zanim di
berika te de gi heye (BX) I know what’s in
your pocket »Di bajare me de, sukeke
mezin heye (BX) In our city there is a large
market *di van rojan de (BX) in (during)
those days # di we wexte de (BX) at that time
•di gave de (BX) at once [a 1’instant, sur le
champ] »Min hin di spehitiya te de tukes
ne ditiye (BX) 1 haven’t yet seen anyone as
beautiful as you [lit. ’in vour beauty’] # te
•.* *
de/teda = in(side) him/her/it;
-di ... re/ra = through, by: m di ku re = through
where »Em di newaleke re derbas bun (BX)
We passed through a gorge *Tu di ku re
hatiye? (L) How (=by what route) did you
come?;
-di ... ve = in (motion) , across, through: *Ez di
de§te ve hatim (BX) I came through/across the
plain »Min mizmar di diwer ve kir (BX) 1
planted the nail in the wall, [di + wi/we = te: di +
hev = tev] [also: [di] oj/j (JJ)}
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/SK/GF/OK]
dib = demon; ogre. See dew.
dibistan f. (-a;-e). 1) I syn: mekTeb)
(elementary) school, grade school: # Dibistan
kana zanin§ ye (AB) School is the source of
knowledge; 2) *college (in a university) ,
educational institution (K/BK): # Pi§ti kutakirina
dibistana ewil, li ErzinganS Dibistana
Ru§tiye ya eskeri, li Stenbole ji Dibistana
§er xwendiye (WM 1:2, p.16) After finishing
elementary school, he studies at Rushdiyeh
Military College in Erzincan and the College of War
in Istanbul; -Debistana Dirok H Zimanan (BK)
College of History and Languages [T Dil ve Tarih
Fakiiltesi]. {also: debistan (BK)[ Cf. P dabestan
= ’elementary school’ [AB/K/IFb/OK/BK]
<dersdar; mamoste; xwendegeh; zaningeh>
dibur , f. (B) = shady side. See dubur.
Dicl*e f. ( ;•§). Tigris River, which together
with the Euphrates forms Mesopotamia, {also:
Dicle (A/IF); [didjle] (JJ)} Sumerian idigina <
id = river' + igina = 'lapis lazuli' (Wolfgang
Heimpel, Univ. Cal. at Berkeley) — > Ar dijlah
Arc diglat n'PTl [SW/JJ//A/IFb] <Ferat>
didan m. (-e; diden, vi didani). tooth [pi.
teeth]: fang: •[Mela li berayike bu giha
pisteki u pist bi draned xo girt] (JR-1) The
mullah was the first one to reach a goatskin
[floating in the water] and he grabbed the goatskin
with his teeth »Pa§i mar hate pe§, got "Zerera
min mezintir e ... §hna didane min der-Kal
dipergiwit u dibite birineki kiret" (SK 1 : 6 )
Then the snake came forward and said, "The harm
I inflict is greater ... the place where my fangs strike
swells immediately and becomes an ugly wound."
[also: dir an (A/B/IFb-2/GF-2/OK-2); dran (JB3/IFb-
2/OK-2); [didan jj/diran q) jj] (JJ); <didan> q) jj
(HH)) [Pok. ed- 287.] 'to eat'-> *Eed- > participle
*edont-/dont-/dnt- --> *Ede/ont-: Skt dantam.; <0
Ir *dantan (A&L p. 84 [IV, 4]): Av d ant an-; Mid P
dad/dandan (M3); Pamir dialects: Yidgha lad;
Parachi danan; Sanglechi dand; Wakhi
dendik/land; Shughni dindun (Morg); P dan dan
Sor dan jlj/digan [Kerkuk]; Za
dildar/dindan in. (Todd); Hau didan m. (M4); cf.
Lat dens, dentis m.; Gr odous oScrug, gen. odontos
oSovxog m.\ Germ Zahn
[Bg/Kg/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/0K//A/B/JB3/TF]
<alu; azu; dev; lev; qil; sekihin; ziman>
didiwan (BX) = second. See dudua.
didiye (JBl-S) = second. See dudua.
dido jjj (BX/IFb/GF/TF/OK) = two. See didti.
didu jjj (BX/K/JJ) = two. See didu.
diduyan (IF) = second. See dudua.
diduyi (IF) = second. See dudua.
didujyjj num. two, 2: "didu" is used independently
(free form), while "du’’ is immediately followed by
149
a noun (bound form). Cf. sise vs. se. [also: dido
(BX-2/IFb/GF/TF/OK-2); didu (BX/K/JJ); dudu
(K/IF); [dedu] jjj (JJ); <diddo 3 jj /du 3 j> (HH)}
[Pok. duo(u)- 228.] 'two': O Ir *duwa/(hj duwai:
Av d[u]va /(n.) *duue (younger Av duye); P do
Sor du^j/duwan jl^j; Za didi/di; Hau due (M4)
[A//BX/K/JJ/OK//IFb/GF/TF//JB3//HH] <bist;
donzdeh; du I; se; sise>
difin QiJ (A/JB1-A/TF/OK) = nose. See difn.
difn Qi j m.(K)/f.(SK)/pl.(SK) ( /-a; ). 1) ( syn: k’epi
[1]; poz I) nose: *§ewek[e] we qewimi riwiek
hat e serbane oda ximi, sere xo di
kulekeda §or kir, bena miri§kan li difna
wi da (SK 4:28) One night it so happened that a
fox came onto the roof of the dye-house and hung
his head down through the skylight, when the
smell of chickens assailed his nose; 2) (syn: bevil
[1]; firnfik]; k’epi [2]; kulfik I (Wn); ximximk) [also:
[difink] (JJ)} nostril(s); nostrils of a horse (JJ).
[also: difin (A/JBl-A/TF/OK); [defn] (JJ); <defin
qsJ difnik J^ij> (HH)) [K/JB3/IFb/GF/SK//JJ//
HH/Bw//A/JBl-A/TF/OK] <bevil>
difnbilind j adj. arrogant, haughty, stuck-up,
conceited, {syn: pozbilind) [Bw/GF]
difs (IFb) = grape molasses. See dims,
digel J*fj prep. 1) [syn: hi ... re) with
(accompaniment) : *digel hev = together *Digel
min bu = He was with me; 2) {syn: diji [2]; gir III;
fexme) in spite of, despite: -digel v6 hinde = a)
nevertheless, despite the fact that (BX); b) at the
same time, simultaneously (K); -digel ve yeke (K)
at the same time; -digel vi gendi (BX) however;
3) agreeing with: -Ez digel ve gend§ ninim
(Zeb) I don't agree with this, [also: ligel (Bw);
[dighel] Jfj (JJ); <digel> Jfj (HH)) < di = 'in' + gel =
’group’; Sor legel [BX/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/
HH/GF/TF/OK/MK//Bw] See also under di.
dih (Bw) = pile of branches. See di II.
diha l aj adv. 1) still, even more: •Radikim diha (J)
•Zina delal diha ze’f bona Meme xwe
diKeliya dip’eriti (Z-l) Darling Zin pined
even more for her Mem; 2) already; 3) (syn: edi [2])
[+ neg.] no more, no longer: *Diha nagim ber
golika (EP-5, #11) I won’t be a cowherd any more
[lit. ’No more will I go before the calves'], [also:
daha (B)) < T daha = ’more’ [J/K]
dihi aj = yesterday. See dihi.
dihi adv. yesterday; -doh evare (Frq) last night,
yesterday evening, [also: dihi; do II
(BX/Wn/Erg/GF/OK-2); doh (A/TF/OK-2); du II
(IFb-2); duh (BX-2/F/K/B/IFb); duhe (Wn); duhi
(BX-2/JB3/IFb-2/SK/GF-2); duhu (Ad); duhu (JBl-
A); [di] (JJ); <doh ojj/duhi C5 aj> (HH)) <0 Ir
*dausa- (A&L p. 84 [V]): P dus = ’last night’ &
diruz jjyj = yesterday’; cf. also [Pok. ghdies etc.
416.] 'yesterday': Av zyo; Sor dwene [done]
^jj/dweke [doke] a53 3 j; =Za vizer (Todd); cf. also
■ »
Baluchi zl. See I. Gershevitch. “Iranian
Chronological Adverbs,” Indo-Iranica : Melanges
presentes a Georg Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden,
1964), pp.78-88; reprinted in his Philologia
Iranica, ed. by N. Sims-Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr.
Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985), pp. 179-89.
(BX/Wn/Erg/GF//0K//A/HH/TF//F/K/B/IFb//JB3/
SK//Ad//JJ//JBl-A] cbetraper; iro; per; sibeh>
dihn I Qjfcj (HM) = crazy. See din II.
dihn II jjbj (IFb) = fat. grease. See don.
diliol Jjaj (IFb/JBl-S/OK/HH) = drum. See dehol.
diholjen joyJjAj (GF) = drummer. See diholkut.
diholkut ojSDjaj m . (). drummer. {a7so: deholjen
(IFb/OK); diholjen (GF)) {syn: defgi)
[Bw//GF//IFb/OK] <mirt’ib; zirnabej>
dij jj (JB3/IFb/GF/TF/0K) = in spite of. See diji.
dijar jljj (B) = difficult. See dijwar.
dijari (B) = difficulty. See dijwari.
dijber j <\jjj adj. opposing; opposite, facing: •HEP’a
ku nikare bibe xwediy§ §exsiyeteke
xweser, nikare li hemberi partiyen dijber
u saziyen dewlet§ ji, bibe xwedi rdmet ft
rez (Wit 1:43, p.9) [If] the People’s Labor Party
cannot have an independent identity, it cannot be
respected by the opposition parties and the
instruments of the state, [syn: miqabil; pe§ber)
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF]
*dijgiln Qz&fjJ adj . 1) [syn: feqir; xizan) poor; 2)
[syn: belengaz; reben; §erpeze) miserable,
unhappy, {dijguni) [K(s)]
*dijgflni * /. (). 1) [syn: feqiri; xizani) poverty;
*6
2) {syn: belengazi; §erpezeyi) misery. [K(s)]
<dijgun>
diji prep. 1) against: *Di sal§n 1843 - 1846 -an
de Mir Bedir-Xan ji bo damezrandina
Kurdistanek serbixwe li diji tmparatoriya
Osmani rabfl (Ronahi - intro) In the years 1843-
150
1846, the emir Bedir-Khan rose up against the
Ottoman Empire for the establishment of an
independent Kurdistan; 2) [syn; digel [2]; gir III;
fexme) in spite of, despite: •Le, gele me diji
wan zordestiyen hoviti stuye xwe xwar
nekiriye (Ronak - cover) But in spite of these
displays of brute violence, our people has not
knuckled under, {also: dij (JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK))
Cf.Sor dij j j = ’bad, evil’ |Ronak//IB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK[
dijmin m.&f. (-e/-a; ). enemy, foe:
• Dijmin...zindanen xwe yen gem, ji keg u
xortSn me yen ciwan tiji kirin (Wit 2:59,
p.7) The enemy,..has filled its stinking prisons with
our young people [lit. 'young/beautiful girls and
youths’], {also: djmin (SC); dujmin (A); du§min
(B/Ba2); [dijmin ^_*jj/douchmin (JJ);
<dijmin> (HH)] {syn: neyar) [Pok. dus- 227.]
’bad, evil; mis-’ + [Pok. 3. men- 726.] to think;
with derivatives referring to various qualitites and
states of mind and thought’: Av dus.ma(i)niiu- =
'bad spirit ~> enemy’; Mid P dwsmyn [dusmenj; P
dosman —> T dii§man; Sor dijmin q^jX Za
di§min m./f. (Todd); Hau dijmen m. (M4)
(dijminahi; dijminayi; dijmini; dijminiti; djminti;
dujminati; dujminayi; dujminayi; du§mini;
du§minti) [BX/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF//OK//
A//Ba2//SC]
dijminahi f. (-ya; ). enmity: • Dasini
mezhebek e, fizedi ji dibejine ... Ew
dib§jine ‘ulemaet xo kogek u dibejine
musulmanan ftuseyni. Daimi mabeyna
Dasini h Huseyniyan dujminatt ye (SK
39:344) The Dasinis are a sect, also called Yezidis
... They call their own religious authorities
’kochak’ and Muslims thev call ’Husaini’. There is
always enmity between the Dasinis and the
’Husainis’. {also: dijminayi (K-2/TF); dijmini (K-
2/GF); dijminati (OK-2); dijminiti (K-2); djminti
(SC); dujminati (SK); dujminayi (A); du§minavi (B);
du§mini (B-2); du§minti (B-2)| {syn.* neyari)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/OK//TF//GF//B//SC//SK] <dijmin>
dijminati (OK) = enmity. See dijminahi.
dijminayi (K/TF) = enmity. See dijminahi.
dijmini (K/GF) = enmity. See dijminahi.
dijminiti (K) = enmity. See dijminahi.
dijmin (OK/HH) = insult. See dijun I.
dijon (K) = dirty. See dijtin II.
dijun I q&Jj m./pl (Hk) Q. insult, abuse, curse; *WI
dijdn dane min (Hk) He insulted me or, He
called me names, [also: dijmin (OK); [dijoun]
(JJ); <dijmin ^jj/dijwln (FIH)l (syn: g’er;
qise[3]; xeber[3]J Cf. P dusnam = ’reproach'
[Hk/K/JJ/IFb/GF//HH] <nifir>
dijun II c j as jj adj. 1) soiled (clothing) , flea or lice
infested (clothing) (IFb); dirty (JJ); dirty, overdue
for washing (A); lice infested (K): •[Cil§d <min>
dijun buyine, ber§oyed <min> bine, da ez
ciled xwe veguhorimj (JR) These clothes are
worn out, bring my spare set so that I can change.
{also: dijon (K); dujin (A/IFb); [dijoun] (JJ);
<dijun> (HH)) {svn: gemari; p’is; qirej)
[JR/JJ/HH//K//A/IFb]
dijvar jb'jj = difficult. See dijwar.
dijvari = difficulty. See dijwari.
dijwar j \ 3 jj adj. 1) [ syn: getin) hard, difficult; 2)
tough, fierce, hard, vehement (Bw): «Baraneka
dijwar ya dibarit (Bw) It's raining hard •§erekl
zor dijwar e (Bw) It is a very tough war; 3) {syn:
tuj [2]] hot, spicy (peppers, tobacco, kari II [qv.]: of.
tuj. of onions, jaji on its way to going bad, etc.)
(Bw); 4) a man’s name, {also: dijar (B); dijvar;
di§war; [dijvarjlyp /dichvarJ^j] (JJ); <dijwar>
jljJj (HH)) Cf. P dosvar J^x Sor dijwar jIjJj =
'difficult'; also W Arm tzuar i^ctruiup (dijvari;
dijwari; di§wari] [Ber/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/
SK/GF/TF/OK/B w//B ]
dijwari f. (-ya;-ye). difficulty, hardship:
•bei tu di§wariye (BX) without any difficulty.
{also: dijari (B); dijvari; di§wari) {syn: getinayi)
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK//B] <dijwar>
dikak JlSb pi. (). vegetables, {also: dikark (Hk-2)}
{syn: deramet I; emi§ [2]; he§inati; p’incar) cf.
NENA dikake (Maclean) [Hk/IFb]
dik’an jlSG f. (-a;-e). shop, store, {also: duk’an (B);
dukan (IFb-2); [doukan] jlfj (JJ); <dikan> q\Sj
(HH)) Cf. Ar dukkan/P dokkan T diikkan
|Z-2/Ag/K/A/]I33/lFb/IIII/]t3l-A&S/GF/TF/OK//JJ//B]
dik’angi (Z-2/OK) = shopkeeper. See
dik’andar.
dik’andar j\x jlfj m.&f. (-e/ ; dikandgr/ ).
shopkeeper, storeowner: «Ji xwe ti§t8n ku
dikandar§ me difiro§e ji ne ewqas gelek in
(Lab, 75) However the things which our
shopkeeper sells are not so great in number, {also:
151
dik’angi (Z-2/OK-2); duk’angi (F/B-2); duk’andar
(B); [doukan-dar] (JJ); <dikandar> j) jjITj
(HH)) [syn: etar [2]) [Z-2//F//B/JJ//K/IFb/HH/TF/
OK/Bw]
dikark A JSj (Hk) = vegetables. See dikak.
dil Jj m. (-e; ). heart: *Dile wi biqul [=bikul] e
(L) He is distressed [lit. 'His heart is distressed']; -
ber dile fk-e hatin (XF) to console, soothe,
calm; to dry s.o.'s tears •P’eri-xatune t’u gilt
nedidit, weki ber dile xu§ka xwe ’ezizda
bihata (Z-l) Peri-khatun could find no words with
which to console her dear sister; -bi dile fk-e (Z-
l) to s.o.'s liking, as much as one likes, to one's
heart’s desire: *Eze heqe we bi dile we bidim
(Z-l) I will give you a reward to your liking; -dil§
fk-e danin (XF) to feel relieved, calm down:
•Heveki p’erg’a dilS wana datine (FK-eb-2)
They calm down considerably; -dil k’etin = to
fall in love: *Qizik ne bi dilki dilketiye, bi
heft dila dilketiye (L) The girl fell not one
heart['s worth] in love, [but rather] seven hearts!’
worth]; -dil kirin = a) to want, wish, desire (K); to
decide, resolve: *Ez fkirim, pa§e min dilkir,
weki wi teyri ji xwera bigirim (EH) I thought,
then resolved to take that bird for myself; b) to
dare (Ba2): *Her keriki pez ra se-gar seed
gurex derdik’etne gol§, ewe usa dir bun,
ku keseki dil nedikir neziki pez be (Ba2:l,
p.203) With every flock of sheep, 3-4 sheepdogs
would go out to the wilderness: they were so fierce
that no one dared approach the sheep; -dil je
man = a) to be or get angry at or with, be
dissatisfied with: *Dile wi ji min ma (K) He got
angry at me »Bira dile te ji min nemine (Z-l)
...So you won’t be dissatisfied with me; b) to be
disappointed with or in: *Dile wi ji min ma (K)
He was disappointed with/in me; -dil p§ve bun
(Zeb) mercy. See dil peve bun;-dil xwestin =
to wish, desire: *Ti§te go dile wi dixwest ji
xwe re kiri (L) He bought for himself whatever
his heart desired; -hildan dile xwe. See under
hildan. [also: [dil] Jj (JJ); <dil> Jj (HH)| Probably
a borrowing from P del Jj: [Pok. Re red- 579.]
'heart' + *ghrd- for Proto-Indlr *zhrd-: Skt hrdaya-
n.; O Ir *zrda- (Morg3, p.337): Av zarad-
(h.J/zaradaiia- (n.)\ Mid P dil; P del Jj; Sor dil Jj;
Za zerri f. (Todd); Hau dil m. (M4); cf. also Arm
sirt (W: sird) u^pui; Lat cor, cordis n.; Gr kardia
KapSia; Rus serdtse cep^lje; Germ Herz n.
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
dilgaki ( Jls> Jj f. (). goodheartedness: *Ji
• •
dilpaqijiya xelke wi peva, dilgaki fi
rilnermiya §ex ji ev hezkirina han roj bi
roj zede dikirin [sic] (Rnh 2:17, p.326) In
addition to the honesty of his people, the
goodheartedness and gentleness of the sheikh made
this love [for him] increase day by day. [Rnh]
dildar jIjJj adj. in love with [+ ezafeh]: *K£ b§hna
begiya xwe dikir ku Kevanot e bibe
dildare Nergisa koger! (Lab, 9) Who would
have suspected [lit. 'smelled his finger'] that
Kevanot would fall in love with Nergis the nomad.
Y
{sra; a§iq; dilk’eti; evindar) Sor dildar jIjJj =
lover' (dildari) [Lab/K/A/IFb/GF]
dildari ^jIjJj f (). love, being in love: *Le dildari
sere xwe bixwe (Lab, 9) But love be damned!
[lit. ’let love eat its head’], [also: [dil-dari] ^IjJ j (JJ)!
[syn: e§q; evindari; hub} Sor dildari ^IjJ j = love’
[Lab/K/A/JJ/GF] <dildar>
dilhan ^jt^Jj (GF) = to be dazzled. See deliyan [1].
dilihin ^^Jj (GF) = to be dazzled. See deliyan [l],
dilik JJj m. (). hearts (suit of playing cards). ( syn:
kupel [Ml]
diliyan qUj (E§) = to starve. See deliyan [2].
dilk’eti ^JaCJj adj. 1) beloved: *Weki dilk’etiya
Meme min layiqi wi ninbe, ez § §ehere
Cizire xirab kim (Z-l) If Mem’s beloved is not
worthy of him, I'll lay waste to the city of Jezira; 2)
[syn: a§iq; dildar; evindar) in love. [Z-1/K/A/JB3/
IFb/B/GF/OK]
dilmayi ^LJj adj. offended, hurt; angry: -dilmayi
• •
man = to be offended: # Mem£ se qat heq§
wan dayg, weki ew dilmayi neminin (Z-l)
Mem gave them three times what they deserved, so
that they would not be offended. [Z-l/K]
dilme aJj adj. soft-boiled (egg): -heka dilme (Czr)
do. [also: dilmeyi (Rwn); dilme (Dh/Elk); dilmo
(Xrz); [ek delma] aJ j Apt (JJ-G)}
[Czr/A/IFb/TF//Rwn//Dh/Elk//Xrz//JJ-Gl
dilmeyi ^ j (Rwn) = soft boiled. See dilme.
dilme j (Dh/Elk) = soft boiled. See dilme.
• %
dilmo yJj (Xrz) = soft boiled. See dilme.
dilob viJ J = drop (of a liquid) . See dilop.
152
dilop <_yJ -> /. ( ;-e). drop (of a liquid) : «Je te bihna
pis tev av d ddlop / Tev me? d kelme?
pe§I d ddpi§k (Cxn-2:412) A bad smell comes
from it, with dripping water / With flies and
gadflies, mosquitoes and scorpions; -dilop-dilop
(B) drop by drop; -dilop kirin (K/IF/JJ/HH) to
drip, {also: dilob; dftlop (Cxn); [diloup] (JJ);
<diIop> j (HH)| {svn: g’ilk; niqitk; p’e§k I| <Arc
delaf = ’lo drip’: NENA dilpa = 'leak'
(Oraham), dalip = 'to drip, to leak’ (Maclean); Sor
difop = 'drop (liquid)’ [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/TF/OK//Cxn]
dilovan (jljjJ j aclj. 1) ( syn: mihrivan) tender,
affectionate, gentle: # Bi rasti ji jineke dilpak
ft dilovan e (Lab, 7) She is truly a gentle and
pure-hearted woman; 2) | syn: dilreKm; dil§ewat;
mihrivan) benevolent, kind[-hearted] (JI); merciful,
compassionate (IFb/BK/JJ) •baveki dilovan (BK)
a merciful father, [also: [dil-ou-wan] (JJ);
<diluvan> jl^Jj (HH)) {dilovani) [K/A/JB3/IFb/
GF/TF/OK//JJ/HH]
dilovani f. (-ya; ). 1) tenderness, affection;
• ■
2) mercy, compassion: -gun ber dilovaniya
xwede (Zeb/Dh) to die, pass away: # Dema babe
wi gftye ber dilovaniya xwede, maye
bitine (Metin 77[1998], 51) When his father
passed away, he was left alone; 3) humility.
[IFb/GF/TF/OK]
dilp’ak JLJj aclj. pure of heart; frank, sincere: *Bi
rasti ji jineke dilpak ft dilovan e (Lab, 7)
She is truly a gentle and pure-hearted woman. Sor
v
dilpak ^JLJ j = ’innocent (as child), sincere’
(dilp’aki) [Lab/K/IFb/GF/TF]
dilp’aki JLJj f (). purity of heart; frankness,
sincerity, [also: [dil-paki] (JJ))
[K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF] <dilp’ak>
dilp’aqiji /. (-ya; ). 1) honesty, integrity,
purity of purpose: *Ji dilpaqijiya xelke wi
peva, dilgaki ft rftnermiya §ex ji ev
hezkirina han roj bi roj zede dikirin [sic]
(Rnh 2:17, p.326) In addition to the honesty of his
people, the goodheartedness and gentleness of the
sheikh made this love [for him] increase day by
day; 2) frankness, sincerity, candor (K/JJ). {also:
[dil-pakiji] ^L Jj (JJ)) 1 syn: *dilpak) |Rnli/K/GF//jj]
dil peve bftn Jj vi. (dile fk-T bi bk-T ve
-b-). 1) to take pity on s.o.; to be merciful to or
lenient on s.o.: »Dile min peve ma (K) I took
pity on him; 2) [dilpevebftn /. ( ;-e).] mercy,
leniency: •Filankes li ber dilpevebftnd
nakevit (Zeb) So-and-so will not be accorded
leniency or mercy. [Zeb/K/GF] <’efft>
dilq (IFb) = 1) form; 2) disguise. See dilqe.
dilq»e ajjj m. (•§; ). 1) shape, form, appearance; 2)
[syn: qilix I [2]) disguise, costume; dervish's frock
(JJ): -k’etin/li xwe kirin dilxe dewr@§a[n] (K)
to take on the appearance of dervishes, to dress up
or disguise o.s. as a dervish [common motif in
folktales[ : •Were erne §evek£ bik’evine
dilqe dewre§a (Z-921) Come let us dress up as
dervishes one night, [also: dilq (IFb); dilxe (K);
[delq] (JJ)) [Ks/Z-922//K//IFb/JJ]
dilrahm 1 (B) = kind-hearted. See dilreKm.
dilrahmi j (B) = kindness. See dilreKmi.
• •
dilrahm (Ba2) = kind-hearted. See dilreKm.
dilrehm (K/IFb) = kind-hearted. See dilreKm.
dilreKm aclj. good-natured, kind-hearted;
merciful, compassionate, charitable; magnanimous:
•§ivan gi§ke merxas bftn ft wera t’evayi
dilraKm bftn (Ba2:l, p.204) The shepherds were
all brave and nevertheless they were merciful.
{also: dilrahm (B); dilrahm (Ba2); dilrehm (K/fFb))
{svn: dilovan; dil§ewat) (dilrahmi; dilreKmi)
[Ba2//GF/OK//K/IFb//B]
dilreKmi /. ( ;-ye). compassion, pity;
mercy; kindness, goodness; magnanimity, {also:
dilrahmi (B)} {syn: dilovani) [OK//B] <dilfeKm>
dilsaf oUJ^/dilsaf oLJj aclj. innocent, naive,
simple; honorable: *Kurd milleteki dil-saf ft
weKsi ye, male xo niweke zddetir d@ kene
sedeqe bo tekyaet xulefeyet mewlana w
gelek de dewletmend bin (SK 44:428) The
Kurds are a simple and credulous people; they will
give more than half of their property as pious gifts
for the convents of Maulana’s successors and these
will become very rich •Sebebeki di ji esbabSt
xo-dan-e-pa§a Kurdan ji dexaleta dewleta
behiye ya urosi eweye, dib£jin dewleta
urosi dil-saf e (SK 56:651) Another of the
reasons for the Kurds’ reluctance to submit to the
august Russian government is this: it is said that the
Russian government is [too] naive, {also: dilsaf! (K);
[del-safi (G)/safi-dil (JJ)) Sor dilsaf olJ j =
153
’innocent (as child), sincere’ [SK//IFb/OK//K/JJ-G]
cbeguneh; besuc>
dilsafi j (K/JJ-G) = naive. See dilsaf.
«*
dil§awat (TF) = gentle. See dil§ewat.
dil§ewat adj. 1) {syn: dilovan; dilrehm]
sympathetic, compassionate, merciful, gentle:
•Ew! [sic] gelek! dil§ewat bu u t’u cara
meriya ra xirabx nedikir (Ba2:l, p.204) He
was very gentle and never harmed anyone; 2)
^distressed; touching, pathetic; troubling,
worrisome, {also: dil§awat (TF); dil§ewati (A))
[Ba2/K/B/lFb/GF/OK//A//TF]
dil§ewati (A) = gentle. See dil§ewat.
dil§ikesti (Ardu/A/GF) = brokenhearted. See
dil§kesti.
dil§kesti adj. brokenhearted, greatly
disappointed: *Merik bi awaki behevi u
dil§ikest! ji risipi vediqete, bere xwe dide
mala xwe u dige (Ardu, p. 19) Disappointed and
brokenhearted, the fellow takes his leave of the old
man and heads for home, {also: dil§ikesti
(Ardu/A/GF)) Sor dil§ikaw= 'vexed'
[Ardu/A/GF//K/B]
dilteng [SK/TF] /dilteng
[K/IFb/B/GF/OK] adj. distressed, sad, upset,
depressed, troubled, vexed: •Careke me'mure
mS§-hejmari ji terefe Kukomete hate
§agulurde. Kemo gelek dil-teng bu, neko
§ola w! a§kera bibit (SK 35:320) Once the bee¬
counting official came to Shagulurde from the
government. Kemo was very distressed lest his
business should become known •§ex
Muhemmed Siddiq ... bi tereqqiya §ex
’Ebdusselami Sani gelek ’aciz u dil-teng
bfi (SK 48:471) Shaikh Muhammad Siddiq ... was
very annoyed and vexed at the progress made by
Shaikh Abdussalam II. {also: diltang (TF) = dilteng;
[dil tenk] Jjj Jj (JJ)) Cf. P deltang Jjj Jj = 'sad,
Y
annoyed’; Sor diheng = 'sad, vexed’
fdilteng[ah]i; diltengi) [SK/TF//K/IFb/B/GF/OK//JJ]
<aciz; bek’ef; ben teng bun [See bin I]>
diltengahi (IFb) = distress. See diltengi.
diltengi ^^Jj/diltengi f. (-ya;-y§).
distress, sadness, [being] upset, depression, being
troubled, vexation, {also: diltangi (TF) = diltengi;
diltengahi (IFb-2)) Cf. P deltangi
[K/IFb/B/GF/OK//TF] <acizayi; dilteng>
dilxo§ (SK/OK) = happy. See dilxwe§.
dilxwe§ (Jsoj-Jj adj. happy, pleased; satisfied:
• ftemamgi gelek dilxwe§ bil big§ mala
Qelebi bibine (Rnh 2:17, p.307) The bathhouse
owner was very happy to go see Chelebi’s house.
{also: dilxo§ (SK/OK-2)) {syn; k’efxwe§) Sor dilxo§
JZ6 = 'happy' [Rnh/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//SK]
dilxe (K) = 1) form; 2) disguise. See dilqe.
dilyan jLJj (GF) = to be dazzled. See deliyan [1].
dilziz jjjJ j adj. tender-hearted, gentle, easily hurt,
fragile, delicate, {also: [dil-zize] (JJ))
[Ag/GF//JJ] <ziz I & II>
dim pj ill. (-e; ). beak, bill (of bird), {also: dimik
(SK)) {syn: nikil [1]) [Bw//SK] <dev>
Dimdim f. Q. name of a fortress in Iranian
Kurdistan (EP-8): -Kela Dimdim (EP-8) the
fortress of Dimdim. south of Urmiyah/Reza'iyeh in
Kurdistan of Iran; a Kurdish rebellion against Shah
Abbas which took place there in 1608-1610 is the
subject of a famous Kurdish legend by the same
name. For a study of the legend, see: Ordikhane
Dzhalilov. Kuvdskii geroicheskii epos "Zlatorukii
khan " (Dymdym) [Kyp/tcKHft reponqecKHft srioc
,v 3AaTopyKHft xaH" (2 hm 4KM) = The Kurdish
heroic epic “Zlatorukii khan,” i.e., The ruler with
the golden hand, (Dimdim)] (Moscow: Glavnaia
Redaktsiia Vostochnoi Literatury, 1967), 206 p.
[EP-8/K] <kela>
dimik vJ-oj (SK) = beak. See dim.
Dimili adj. 1) 'Zaza', an Iranian language
• 8
related to Kurdish and Persian spoken in Turkish
Kurdistan, particularly in Siverek (Urfa), £ermik
(Diyarbakir), Gerger (Malatya), Sivrice
(Elazig/Xarput), and Tunceli/Dersim: its speakers
are ethnically Kurds; "Dimili is an Iranian language,
part of the Indo-lranian suhgroup of Indo-
European. It is spoken in central eastern Turkey
by perhaps as many as one million people. The
Turks and Kirmanji speakers around them call the
language Zaza which has pejorative connotations"
(Mann-Hadank, 1932:1) ... Mann concluded
(Mann-Hadank, 1932:19) that Dimili is not a
Kurdish dialect and Hadank concluded (1932:4)
that the name Dimili is most likely a metathesis of
"Daylemi,” i.e., the language reflects that of the
Daylamites who came from an area called Daylam
on the south coast of the Caspian and who were
154
often distinguished from the Kurds in medieval
references. Dimili speakers today consider
themselves to be Kurds and resent scholarly
conclusions which indicate that their language is
not Kurdish. Speakers of Dimili are Kurds
psychologically, socially, culturally, economically,
and politically. It is quite possible, especially since
the term Kurd has always been ill-defined (D.N.
MacKenzie. "The Origins of Kurdish." Transactions
of the Philological Society. 1961:69). that speakers
of Dimili should be identified as Kurds today. The
language, however, is distinct from Kurdish dialects
..." [from: Terry Lynn Todd. A Grammar of Dimili
(also known as Zaza). Doctoral dissertation (Ann
Arbor : University of Michigan, 1985), pp. iii, v-
vi]; 2) [m./adj.[ The ’Zazas’, speakers of the 'Zaza'
language, {also: Dumili; Dumilki) [Ber/IFb]
dims m.(K/B)/f.(Qir/OK) (-e/-a; /-e). grape
molasses, thick syrup made from boiled grape juice
[T pekmez]: •Mina me§a ku bikeve kupe
dimse u peve bimine (Lab. 74) Like the fly that
falls into a jug of molasses and gets stuck. I also: difs
(IFb-2); [dimiz^j/dims ^j] (JJ); <dims>
(HH)) | syn: aqit; do§av; mot) <Ar dibs =
’(grape) molasses, treacle’; cf. Heb devas tI7Hl =
’honey’ [£nr/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <Kelil;
Kewdel; qawit>
din I q j adj. other; next: # Le her dehe dine ji ji
d§ke bun (Ba) But as for the other ten, they were
from one mother •Ne ew d ne keski din (L)
Neither he nor anyone else, {also: dine I (B-2); di I
(Zx/Dh/Bw/Zeb); ditir (Hk/Alkan)) Cf. Sor tir
_y>/dike *£ j/ke <^[K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//
Zx/Dh/Bw/Zeb]
din II = world. See dinya.
dine I (B) = other; next. See din I.
dine If^j (IFb/JB3/GF/OK) = world. See dinya.
dinezan adj. worldly, acquainted with the
ways of the world, i.e., sophisticated: # Tu gawa
meriki dinezan, aqle te ji eve yeke gi
dibire (K2-Ferik) As a man of the world, what do
you make of this? <dine/dinya = ’world’ + zan- =
'to know' [K2-Ferik] <dinya>
ding Jj j f. (-a;-e) (Frq) = instrument for husking grain.
See deng II.
diniya Upj = world. See dinya.
diniyaditi ^ jLj j (Z-l) = experienced. See
dinyaditi.
diniyalik <JJLo j (Z-3) = all of humanity. See
dinyalik.
dink j (GF) = instrument for husking grain. See
deng II.
dinya Ljj /. ( ; dinyae [L]/dine). 1) world: *Ez li
dinyae li te digerim (L) I am roaming the world
in search of you; -hatin dinya£ (K) to be born; 2)
it (in time and weather expressions, a usage found
also in colloquial Arabic) : *Dinya bd moxrib
(L) It was sunset time [lit. The world was sunset']
•Dinya esr e (L) It is afternoon, {also: din II; dine
II (IFb-2/JB3-2/GF-2/OK-2); diniya; duniya (F/K/B);
[douni ^ j/dounia Lj j] (JJ); <d[ijnya> Lm (HH))
< Ar dunya Lj j = ’[lower] world', f. of adn& A =
'lower' <Vd-n-y & Vd-n-w = 'be near' ~> T diinya
[JB3/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK//F/K/JJ/B]
dinyaditi ^ j adj. experienced, 'having seen the
■ •
world’: # §ehere Muxurzemindde kaleki
zemani, diniyaditi hebft (Z-l) In the city of
Mukhurzemin there was an experienced old man
jzemani =? [lasted through] time), {also: diniyaditi
(Z-l); duniyaditi) {syn: xam; ^nested < dinya =
'world' + diti = 'having seen' lZ-i/K/jB3/IFb/TF/OK]
dinyalik UJLpj f [ ;-§). the whole world, all of
humanity: •hi her t’ibi'ete diniyalike, t’i
qisur naye seri (Z-3) Of all of human nature, he
has no faults [=he has none of the faults common to
the rest of humanity], {also: diniyalik (Z-3);
duniyalik (B)l <dinya + -lik = Turkish suffix
meaning, inter alia, 'intended for': diinyahk =
'intended for the world, hence worldly goods,
money' [Z-3//B]
dir jj adj. I) sharp, harsh, abrupt; 2) severe, stern,
bleak, cold; 3) wild, impetuous, violent, stormy; 4)
fierce, ferocious, savage, cruel (of animals): *fter
keriki pez ra se-gar seed gur@x
derdik’etne gol£, ewe usa dir bftn, ku
keseki dil nedikir neziki p§z be (Ba2:l,
p.203) With every flock of sheep, 3-4 sheepdogs
would go out to the wilderness: they were so fierce
that no one dared approach the sheep.
[Ba2/K/A/IFb/B/GF/OK] <tund; xurt>
diraf oFj (MK2/IF) = dirhem. See dirav.
diram f. (K) = dirhem. See dirav.
diran (A/B/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK) = tooth. See didan.
155
dirandin jj vt. (-dirin-). to tear, rip (vt.)
(K/A/IFb); to tear (with the teeth) (JB3): *Pa§i
mi§k hate pe§, got "... cuhal d hemban d
kuwaran ji didirinim u bi kun dikem" (SK
1:7) Then the mouse came forward and said, "... I
tear and make holes in sacks and bags and corn-
bins." { also: drandin (JB3); [dirandin] (JJ);
<dirandin jj j)jj (didirine) (HH)| [syn:
g’irandin; qeli§andin [l]/qela§tin| Cf. P daran[l]dan
jj; Sor dirandin (-difen-) jjj]jj; Za dirrnena
[dirrnayi§] (Srk) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B /JJ/HH/SK/GF/
TF/OK/M] <difin I>
dirav f.(K)/m.(B/OK) ( ; /direv [B], vi
diravi). dirhem, drachma; small coin; money.
{also: diraf (MK2/IFb); diram, f. (K); dirhav (TF);
draf (IFb-2); drav (IFb-2); [diraw] Jfljj (JJ); <dirav
drtjj /direhv dut> jj> (HH)j < Ar dirham p_Ajj, Gr
drachme Spot/FT Sor diraw^ljj
[A/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK//IFb/MK2//TF//K]
diravguher jj m. (). money changer, {also:
diravguhur (Zeb); diravvegor (Bar)| [Zeb//GF//Bar]
diravguhur j j (Zeb) = money changer. See
diravguher.
diravvegor jj (Bar) = money changer. See
diravguher.
dirb I VJ j /. ( ;-e). passage, pass, way (K); path,
narrow passage (JJ). {also: [dirb] (JJ); <dirb>
(HH)} < Ar darb = Toad' [Z-2/K/JJ/HH]
<bihur; ewcan; re>
dirb II ujj (Frq) = looks. See dirdv.
dirdirk Jjjjj /dirdirk -Jjjj j f. ( ;-e). thorn;
» T
thornbush. (syn: diri) [B] See also diri.
dirende ojJojj m. (-yd; ). wild beast, beast of prey:
•Dema digihe §rdima ko §er le, di ni§ka
va direndeyekx xurt li pe§ xwe dibine (JB2-
O.Sebri/Rnh 14[1943] 8-9) When he reaches the
spot where the lion is, suddenly he sees a powerful
wild beast before him. [also: dirinde (IFb/OK);
dirinde (Bw); dirrende (GF/TF); [dourende] ojjjj
(JJ)} {syn: canewar; tabe; terawil) < P darande jj
= 'fierce, rapacious, ravenous'; Sor dirinde jj =
’fierce, wild beast' [JB2/Rnh/GF/TF//IFb/OK//Bw//]J]
<hov; fieywan; k’uvi>
direwjojj, f. (JBl-A) = lie, falsehood. See derew.
dir§j adj. 1) long: -direj kirin = a) to spread
out, stretch (vt.) ; b) to pass or hand stg. to s.o.:
•Dikandar gd ser kursiy§, ew qate kincan
ji jor daxist, hedika ew toza ku le girtibu
daw§and d direji Doktor Sertag kir (KS,
p.36) The shopkeeper got up on a chair and took
down the suit of clothes, gently brushed the dust
off of it and handed it to Dr. Sertag; -xwe direj
kirin = to stretch out (vi.) , lie down at full length;
2) in the habit of stealing, in expressions like: -
Deste wi dir§j e (Hk) He has sticky fingers = He
is given to [or, in the habit of] stealing, {also: drej
(JB3); [dirijljp.jj (JJ); <direj> jpjj (HH)) (^kin; ^kort)
[Pok. 5. del- 196.] 'long': <0 Ir *drajya- (A&L p. 84
[V]) [cf. also *darga- = 'long' & *drajah- = 'length' &
*drajiyah- = longer’]; P deraz j)jj; Sor direj jjjX
Za derg (Todd/Lx)/darg (Hadank); Hau direj (M4);
cf. also Lat longus <*dlong-; Rus dolgii AOATHfr =
long (of time)’ & dlinnyi AAHHHUft = long
(physical length)' |d[i]rejahi; direjayi; direj[t]i)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<dereng>
direjahi f. (-ya;-ye). length, {also: direjati
(SK); direjayi (K/A/GF-2/TF/OK-2); direji (K/GF-
2/OK-2); direjti (A); drejahi (JB3); [dirijai]
(JJ)) [JB3/IFb/GF/OK//K/A/B//JJ] <direj>
direjati (SK) = length. See direjahi.
direjayi (K/A/GF/TF/OK) = length. See
direjahi.
direjik JIjJjj (TF) = awl. See dire§.
direji (K/GF/OK) = length. See direjahi.
direjti (A) = length. See direjahi.
dire§ y3jj f. (-a;-e). awl, tool for poking holes in
leather, etc.: *Gurgi got, "Muet min girj
bune?" Riwi got, "Hey, beKs neke! Hemi
weki dire§an qi§t ra-westane” (SK 6:69) The
wolf said, "Have my hairs stood up?” The fox said,
"Oh, don’t mention it! They are all standing up as
straight as bradawls.” {also: direjik (TF); dire§e
(A/K-2); direjik (IFb-2/GF-2/OK) [*often
diminutive]; direct (A-2); <dire§ik> (HH))
<0 Ir *drafta(na)- (Morg3, p.337): P deraft
Sor direw§ [SK/F/K/IFb/B/GF//A//HII/OK//TF]
dire§e j (A/K) = awl. See dir§§.
dire§ik «JLs3jj (IFb/HH/GF/OK) = awl. See dire§.
direct (A) = awl. See dire§.
direzi (Slv) = needle. See derzi.
dirf cijj (GF) = looks. See dirdv.
dirhav <JLajj (TF) = dirhem. See dirav.
dirik -djj m. (). 1) blackberry, bramble, bot. Rubus
fruticosus; 2) thorn (OK). See diri. {also: dirimok
(Haz); dirk (OK)) I syn: stir! I[2]; *ture§k (IF-2)]
[Mzg/Srk/IF//OK//Haz] <dirdirk; diri>
dirinde «(IFb/OK)/dirinde ojjjj (Bw) = wild beast.
T
See dirende.
dirist o-jj (IFb/GF/OK) = correct, true. See dirust,
diri f.(B/Z-l/EP-7)/m. { ;-ye/). thorn;
thornbush: *Niqitkeke xuna wi disa pekiya
ort’a Meme u Zine, fieta naka ji buye
dirike xirab (Z-l) A drop of his blood fell
between Mem and Zin, and it became a bad
thornbush. »Al p’a§a sere Bek’o difirine,
g’ilke xuna Bek’o dik’eve ort’a Meme u
Zine, navda digihije, dibe diryan (FK-eb-2)
Al pasha sends Beko's head flying, [and] a drop of
Beko’s blood falls between Mem and Zin; it grows
in the middle [and] becomes a thornbush «Nav
herdada ew niqitka xune bu dirike uncuz,
§in bfi (EP-7) Between the two of them this drop
of blood turned into a thornbush and grew, {also:
dirdirk; dirdirk; dirk (OK); dri (IF); [diri] (JJ);
<diri> (HH)) {svn: k[’]elem II; stiri I) Cf. T din
[E§ke, Divrigi-Sivas] - 'thorny bush resembling a
rosebush' (DS, v. 4, p. 1469); NA (Turoyo)
dirnh(e) = ’thorn’ (HR) lZ-i/Cl , -7/K/A/))/iin//n//lFl See
also dirdirk.
dirimok (Haz) = blackberry, bramble. See
dirik.
dirin I jjj vi. (-dir-), to tear, rip (vi .), be torn, be
ripped (K/1F/J1): *§al u §apike bave min
diriyan (AB) My father’s [Kurdish] suit tore, {also:
dirrin (IFb/GF); diryan (-dirye-) (M/SK/OK);
[deriian] (jbjj (IJk <diran jj (didire)
(HH)) (syn: g’ifin; qeli§in [2]) [Pok. 4. der- 206.] ’to
split, peel, flay; with derivatives referring to skin &
leather’: O Ir *dr- (Tsb 44): Av dar- & daradar-
(pres. derena-) = ’to split’; OP *dr-na-tiy = ’he splits';
P dar[r]idan jjujj; Sor dirin = 'to tear' &
dadiran jljj) j = to be torn’ & dadirin = 'to tear off,
strip off; Za diriyayi§ (Mai); Hau diriey (dir-) vt. =
'to tear' (M4) (ab/k//if 1 )/gf//m/sk/ok/J]//hh]
<dirandin>
dirin II vi. (-dir-), to bark, howl, (sjm: ‘ewtin;
kastekast kirin; reyin) [K]
dirk ^Jjj (OK) = thorn. See dirik & diri.
dirnax £bjj m. (-§; ). fingernail, {also: [tyrnag]
(JJ)) { syn: neynuk) <T tirnak [Ur//JJ]
dirrende ojJojjj (GF/TF) = wild beast. See dirende.
dirrin qjjjj (IFb/GF) = to rip. See dirin I.
dirust j ad}. 1) [syn: rast) right, proper, correct:
•Dirust weto ye weku tu dibeji (SK 43:417)
It is true what you say »Xiyala me dirust
derkewt (SK 32:286) Our idea turned out to be
right; 2) | syn: rast) true: *Refiqe dirust ewe ye
li xo§i u tengawiye refiq bit, ne li xo§iy§
bi-tine (SK 29:269) A true [or, proper]
companion is one who is a companion in pleasant
times and in difficulty, not just in pleasant times; -
dirust (SK)/dirust kirin (JBl-A) to prepare,
make: • *Eli beg qiyase neh-deh ser
fieywanet qelew ji beranan ft §ekan man,
dane kugtinewe, birinceki zor ji ina,
ziyafeteki mezin da dirust kirin (SK 39:346)
Ali Beg brought about nine or ten head of fat
young rams and had them slaughtered; he also
brought a lot of rice and had a big feast prepared
•Jine got, 'Here, hindek §oket biye bine, li
pe§ gawet xelki se car xilefan g£ke. ...
pa§i ku te xilef dirust kirin, here, hindek
zirketan bigire' (SK 35:314) His wife said, 'Go
and bring some osiers and make three or four hive-
baskets in the sight of people. ... when you have
made the baskets, go and catch some wasps." {also:
dirist (IFb-2/GF-2/OK-2); dirust (JBl-A/OK-2);
durist (K-2/B); durust (IFb-2/B-2); [douroust] o—jJ
(JJ); <durist> c-jj (HH)) O Ir *drvista- superlative
degree of* drva- = ’strong, impregnable' [Pok.
deruo-/dreuo- 214.) 'tree, wood; to be firm, solid,
steadfast’ (Ras, p.136): Mid P druyist/drust =
'whole, sturdy'; P dorost jj; Sor dirust o—jjj =
’right, true, correct, straight, lawful, sound' (dirusti;
duristi; durusti) [Bw/K/lFb/SK/GF/OK//JBl-A//
B/HH//JJ]
dirusti f. ( rye)- rightness, propriety,
correctness, truth: -bi dirusti (SK) correctly,
properly: *Naw bajeri qelebalix e ... muro
ne§et bi dirusti zikre xud£ biket (SK 38:339)
In the city there are crowds and commotion ... and
one cannot properly worship God. {also: duristi
(B); durusti (B-2); [drustl] ( j^ J ^ (JJ-Rh)} [syn: fasti)
♦ ♦
Sor dirusti = 'correctness, soundness’
[K/SK//JJ-Rh//B] <dirust>
157
dirub V39J J (Frq) = looks. See dirtiv.
dirun (K/B/IFb/M/JJ/TF/OK) = to sew; to mow.
See dirfitin.
dirust O * A 1 33J^ (JB1-A/OK) = correct, true. See dirust,
dirfitin vt. (-dirft-/-dtir-[IFb]/-dirut-[IF]). 1)
to sew, stitch: «Ewi xwe bi k’incdrftfa
gihiand, k’ince xas ji xwera da drutine
(FK-eb-1) He betook himself to the tailor, had a
special garb made for himself; 2) {syn: ginin [2]) to
mow, cut down, reap, harvest (JJ/K). {also: dirun
(K/B/IFb-2/TF/OK); drun (JB3/IF-2); drutin (JB3-
2/IF-2); durun (BK); [diroun /douroun j^jj]
CJJ); <dirun ^j/dirutin (didru) (HH)|
[Pok. 4. der- 206.] 'to split, peel, flay; with
derivatives referring to skin & leather' (p. 208: with
u-formation of light (der-eu-) and heavy (dera-u-,
dr-u-) stems: ’to tear apart, break (ground), reap'): O
Ir *dr- (Bartholomae *drau-) (Tsb 45): MidP
drudan (drun) = 'to reap, mow' (M3); P dorudan
(derav) (jjj) = 'to mow’; Sor dirun
(-diru-) = 'to sew'; Za derzena [de§ti§] (Todd) = 'to
sew' [F/A/JB3/IFb/HH//K/B/JJ/TF/OK/M//BK]
<derzi; dirwar; kel II; k’incdiru>
dirdv m. (-§; ). facial features, markings;
outward appearance, looks: «Duruve te fena
durftv§ bir£ teyi (Srk) You look like your
brother [lit. 'your features are like the features of
your brother') *Qey dirbe (dirube) 'Ereba bi
wan dikeve? (Frq) Do they look like Arabs?
{also: dirb II (Frq-2); dirf (GF-2); dirub (Frq); druv
(IFb-2); duruv (A); duru II (Mzg); duruv (Srk/GF-2);
[dourouw] ojjj (JJ)1 <Ar durub pi. of darb
= 'kind, sort, specimen, species'
[Frq//IFb/GF/OK//A//Mzg//Srk/JJ]
dirwar f. (-a; ). stitch; seam: -dirwara fir
(Zeb) wide or loose stitch; -dirwara hembiz/~a
htir (Zeb) tight stitch, [also: [druara] jljjj (JJ-G)}
[Zeb/JJ-G] <dirutin; kel II>
diryan <jbjj (-dirye-) (M/SK/OK) = to tear, rip (vi.) . See
dirin I.
diryas f. (-a; ). scythe-like implement for
cutting down grass (Bw) or for picking fruit (OK).
I also: diryask (OK-2)) 1 syn: §alok) [Bw/OK] <das>
diryask JLLjj (OK) = scythe-like implement. See
diryas.
dismal (IFb) = handkerchief. See destmal.
distan (GF) = trivet, tripod. See dtistan.
distar (SK/Bw) = hand mill. See destar.
di§ (jij f. (-a; ). sister-in-law: 1) husband’s or wife’s
sister (K/Bw): 2) ( syn: baltiiz) wife’s sister
(A/IF/HB/HH/TF) |T baldiz); 3) (syn: zeyi
(IF/Mzg/Srk)) husband’s sister (JJ/GF/OK/Haz) (T
goriimce); 4) {syn: xalti) aunt, mother’s sister (}}).
[also: de§ (HB-2); du§k (K[s]); [dich] (JJ); <di§>
jij (HH)) Cf. Sor di§ Jij = 'husband’s sister
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK/Haz/HB/Bw] cbaltuz;
buk I; buri; cayi; jinbirfa]; jint’i II; t’i II; zeyi>
di§liq /. (-a; ). repose, quiet, tranquility; peace
of mind, freedom from anxiety: •[disliqa min neye]
(LC) I am restless [lit. 'My peace of mind doesn't
come'] {also: [disliq] (LC)) Cf. T di§lik [Elazig, Urfa,
Kilis-Gaziantep] (DS, v. 4, p.1473-74) [LC/DS]
di§t f.(K)/m.(L) (). ca[u]ldron, large pot. [also:
<de§t> (HH)) (syn: bero§; den I) Cf. Ar tist
= ’tub, wash basin' [L/K//HH] <§ikev>
di§war J 0 = difficult. See dijwar.
di§wari = difficulty. See dijwari.
diwanzde ojy Ijj (JBl-S) = twelve. See donzdeh.
diwazdeh jboj> (IFb) = twelve. See donzdeh.
diyar jlo adj. evident, visible, obvious, apparent:
•Diyar e ku henrft kes guhertine dixwaze
(RN2 14:80 [#37], p.8) It is obvious that everyone
wants change; -diyar bdn (JB3/IFb)/dihar bdn
(B)/diharmi§ btin (Z-921) to appear, appear on
the scene, come into view; to be disclosed: «Kalek
le diharmi§ dibe (Z-921) An old man appears to
him «Sura we dihar bh (Z-l) Her secret was
revealed; -diyar kirin (JB3/IFb)/dihar kirin (B)
to disclose; to state, express, declare: «Di nav tu
belgeyen resmi de nehatiye diyarkirin ku
Iraqe gek§n kimyewi ji ku dere bi gi
awayi bi dest xistine (AW75C2) It was not
stated in any official documents how and from
where Iraq obtained chemical weapons *Hinek
niviskar diyar dikin ku MHP xwe ji n ft ve
saz dike ft ber bi demokratikbhn£ ve dige
(AW69A1) Some writers declare that the MHP
[Nationalist People's Party] is re-making itself and
becoming more democratic, {also: dihar (Z-l/K-
2/B); diharmi§ (Z-921); diyar I; [diiar] jb j (JJ)) [syn:
a§kere; k’if§; xane; xuya) Cf. P dldar jIaj j = 'sight,
vision'; Sor diyar jL>j = 'apparent, manifest,
obvious, prominent (person), visible, vision'; Hau
diar (M4) [M-Ak//Z-921//K/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//B]
158
diyari ^jLj /. (-ya; ). gift, present: »Wexte ko
Smail Pa§a zani dihariya maqillet
Miziiriyan kiir in, pigek di dile xo da sil
bu (SK 24:222,224) When Ismail Pasha learnt that
the present of the Mizuri elders was kids [=young
goats], he became a little annoyed in his heart.
[also: dihari (SK); diyari (TF); [diiari] ^Lj (JJ);
<diyari> j (HH)) {syn; dayin II; p’e§k’e§; xelat
[2]) Sor diyari [SK//K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK/
RZ//TF]
diz I jj ni.&f. (). thief: •Welleh polls efendi, ez
bi xwe ne diz im. Bave min nexwe§ e, ez
di dewsa wi de kar dikim! (LM, p.14) Mr.
policeman, I'm not a thief. My father is sick, and
I'm filling in for him. { also: dizek (B-2); [diz] jj (JJ);
<diz> jj (HH)} O Ir *duzda- = ’having bad
intention' (Ras, p.137) [*du2-: [Pok. dus- 227.]
’bad, evil’: Skt dus-; Av dus-/duz-]: Mid P duz(d); P
dozd jjj; Sor diz jj; Za dizd (Lx/Mal)/duzd (Mai)
m. [dizi; diziti) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/
SK/GF/TF/OK] <*kose (M)>
diz II jj ( ). side of knucklebone (k’ap II) that has a
crater in it. {syn: gik (Qzl); ^pik (Qzl)i [Wn] <k’ap
11 >
dizani L y) jj (IFb) = thievery. See dizi.
••
dizek Jojj (B) = thief. See diz.
dizgirti _^5j j (JB3) = fiance(e). See dergisti.
dizgin qJjJ f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn; bizmik; celew I; gem;
lixab; qetirme (F)) rein, bridle; 2) {syn:bizmik)
(mouth)bit (K); 3) halter (GF). { also: dezgin (K-2/Z-
2); [dizghin] jJj j (JJ); <dizgin> qSjj (HH)) < T
dizgin [Z-l/F/K/lFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK] <hesp; hevsar>
dizi ^jj / (-ya;-ye). 1) thievery; 2) theft; -dizi
kirin (A/B) to steal from, rob: *Deh sail yi u
tu diziy§ diki ha? (LM, p.14) You're ten years
old and you're [already] robbing? *Ewi dizya
min kirye, zefe min dizye (Ba3-3, #37) He
robbed me, he stole my gold, {also: dizani (IFb-2);
diziti (K-2)) [F/K/A/IFb/B/SK/TF/OK] <diz I; dizin>
dizika ICjj adv. stealthily, secretly, sneakily: -bi
dizika = do.: •Exn.6 bi dizika birevin (L) We
will quietly run away, {also: dizikava (B-2); diziva)
[L/K/B]
dizikava U'lSG j j (B) = secretly. See dizika.
dizin jjJJ vt (-diz-). to steal, pilfer: •Qijik penir
didize (AB) The rook (bird) steals cheese, {also:
[dizin] jjjj (JJ); <dizin jjjj (didize) (oJjj)> (HH)]
Cf. P dozdldan jjojjj; Sor dizin jj; Za
[diznayi§] (Mai); Hau diziey (diz-) vt. (M4)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/TF/OK/M] <diz I; dizi
[kirin]>
diziti y^jj (K) = thievery. See dizi.
diziva UjJj = secretly. See dizika.
di I ^j (Zx/Dh/Bw/Zeb) = other; next. See din I.
w m
dt II ^j / (-ya; ). spiral pile of tree branches with
leaves on them used as fodder for animals in the
winter : -diya goli (Zeb) do. {also: dih (Bw);
<di> ^j (Hej)] [Zeb/Hej//Bw] <goli II>
Diarbek’ir ^SIujUjj (K) = city of Diyarbakir. See
Diyarbekr.
Dicle j (A/IF) = Tigris River. See Dicle.
* didevan jtfojuj in. (). l) watchman; 2) {syn:
nerevan; zerevan) observer, scout. Sor didewan
jljojj.j = 'watchman' [didevani] [(neol)RN/K(s)/IF]
*didevani ^yU'oju j f. (). 1) {syn: g’avderi; nerevani;
• •
zerevani) observation; 2) reconnoitering (?):
•Ref§n me bi ser qada §eri re firiyane h
kare xwe § didevani u nobetdariyS pek
anine (RN) Our air squadrons have flown over the
battlefield and accomplished their tasks of
observing and keep watch. f(neol)RN/K(s)/IF]
<g’avderi; didevan>
dihar jl^> j (Z-1/K-2/B) = evident, apparent. See diyar.
dihari ^l^j (SK) = gift. See diyari.
••
diharmi§ (Z-921) = evident, apparent. See
diyar I.
dik Jjj m. (-e; ). l) rooster, cock (F/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ);
2) trigger, cocking-piece (K): -dike t’iving§ (B)
firing pin. {also: [dik] Jl>j (JJ); <dik> Jjj (HH)} <Ar
dik JL j; Sor dikil J£j (=kele§er Za dik m .
(Todd) [Ks/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <g’et = §eluf;
miri§k>
dil J^j m. (). prisoner, captive; one arrested or
detained, detainee: -dil kirin (K/IF)/~ girtin
(K/IF) to take prisoner; to arrest: »Gilya neke
t’exsile / We gewa Osiv girt dile? (Ba3-3,
#21) Don’t try to hide behind words / How could
you take Joseph prisoner? {syn: girti [2]; hesir I) Sor
dil Jij (dili; diliti) [Ba3/F/K/IF/B]
dilan j^j f (-a; ). 1) dance song, a dance
accompanied by the singing of the dancers (K/JB3);
circle of dancers (JJ) [Cf. Ar sahjeh sahjeh
^*~}: »Dilane e dilan ... Dilana XezalS h
Lezgin e (AB); 2) {syn: cejin; de’wat) (wedding)
159
celebration; picnic (A/IF/Haz); 3) love song. See
dilok; 4) woman’s name, j also: dilane; [dilan]
oV (JJ); <dilok> A>L j (HH)) [AB/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/
JBl-S/Haz//HH] <de’wat; dilokvan; govend; kilam;
stiran I>
dilane coU) j = dance song; celebration. See dilan.
dill j f ( ;-ye). captivity, imprisonment; -Lack of
freedom: •Bi taybeti xelkeki wek xelke
Kurd ... ve dilitiye tu cari qebfil nake (Ber
#7, p.10) Especially a people like the Kurdish
people ... will never accept this captivity, [also:
diliti (Ber)) [Ber//F/K/IF] <dil>
diliti j (Ber) = captivity. See dill,
dilok j> f. (-a; ). 1) love song (Msr); lyrical songs
(K); 2) dance song. See dilan [1]. [also: dilan [3];
dirokll (K); <dilok> (HH)) [Mzg/A/IF/HH//K]
<dilokvan; kilam>
dilokbej jIJgJL j (K) = singer. See dilokvan.
dilokvan jUSj-Lj m. (). leader of dance songs (at a
wedding}, singer, [also: dilokbej (K)} [IF/HH//K]
<dilan; dilok>
din I f. (-a;-e). 1) seeing, sight: -dina xwe dan
(F/J/B) to have a look, examine, view, see: *Hat
dina xwe dae (J) He went to have a look *Pad§e
dina xwe dae xort hat (J) The king saw that the
youth had come [back]; 2) to see. See ditin. [also:
den (IS)) [J/F/B] See also ditin.
din II <jj j adj. crazy, mad, insane: -har u din (HM)
totally mad, raving mad [lit. 'rabid and crazy'].
[also: dihn I (HM); [din] qj > j (JJ); <din> qjj (HH))
[syn: devdin; nefii§; §et) <0 Ir *daiwana-(ka-) (A&L
p.84 [V]): P devane [divane] = 'crazy:
originally c in the manner of the demons [dev^j j]\
Ud
cf. Ar majnun cjinn Sor dewane Ajy j =
'mad' (dinani; dinayi; dineti; dini; din[i]ti)
[M/HM/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <gej>
din III qjj m. (-e;-i). religion, faith: -din u
mesheb (K) creed; denomination; -ji din[e xwe]
derk’etin (B) to lose one's faith, become an
apostate, [also: [din] (JJ); <din> qjj (HH)) [syn:
ol) <Ar din = 'religion' [BX/K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
dinani j (K) = insanity. See dinayi.
dinar jL> j f ( ;-e). diamonds (suit of playing cards):
•§e§a dinar (Elk) six of diamonds, [also: <dinar>
jU»j (Hej)) (syn: karo) [Bw/Elk/Hej]
dinayi f (). craziness, madness, insanity.
[also: dinani (K); dineti (A); dini (JJ); diniti (K/IF);
dinti (K); [dini] ^o (JJ)) (syn: nefii§i; §eti}
[K/A/IF/JJ/B] <din II>
dindar I jIjjjj f (-a;-e). countenance, face,
appearance: *Bi §ewqa dindara wi (Ba) From
the lustre of his countenance *Ew ji dihate
meydane, weki tek dindara tlsib bibine
(Ba) He came to the square just to see Joseph's
countenance, [syn: dev u g’av; ru; serg’av; sifet [3];
suret [1]) [Ba/K/B]
dindar II jIjjjj f. (). Lebanon oak? [also: <dindar>
Jjjjj (HH/Hej)) [Zeb/HH/AA/Hej]
dineti ^ (A) = insanity. See dinayi.
ding Jwo j (GF) = instrument for husking grain. See
deng II.
dini j (JJ) = insanity. See dinayi.
diniti ^ j (K/IF) = insanity. See dinayi.
• •
dinti (K) = insanity. See dinayi.
dirok I Jjjjj j f (-a;-e). history: •Diroka din§ ji
mere dide zanin ko heta niho, gelek
zimanen dine hatine ku§tin (BX [Hawar])
World history shows (informs) 11 s that up to now,
many of the world's languages have been killed off.
cf. Sor derik = meju^yL* = 'history'
[(neol)K/JB3/IF] <g’irok; hekyat>
dirok II (K) = lyrical songs. See dilok [l].
disa Lo j adv. 1) again: •Ewcar wexte disa li-ser
’adete xo mari xo li stukira riwi aland il
derbaz bun, mari xo giro kir, xoket xo
nekirinewe (SK 2:12) Then, when the snake
wound himself round the fox’s neck again in the
usual way and they crossed over, the snake
delayed and did not unwind its coils •Mem@ disa
li a p’e§i di'i§ine (Z-2, p.79) Meme once again
noticed the one in front •Meme, ‘ezize min,
y§k ez anime vira, we min disa bibin (Z-l,
p.47) Mem, my dear, those who hronght me here
will take me away again; 2) still: •Peren ku
didane me ne pir bin ji, disa ji ji mea§en
hemft karmend h karkeren wan zddetir
bun (AW72B3) Even if the money they gave us
was not a lot, it was still more than the wages of all
their workers, [also: disan (A/IFb-2/SK-2/GF-2);
[disan jLo j/disani ^Ljj] (JJ); <disa> Lo j (HH))
Hau disan (M4) [BX/Acl/K/JB3/lFb/B/HH/SK/GF//A/)ll
<cardin; ji nu ve>
disan jLj j (A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF) = again. See disa.
distan jLuo j (IFb) = trivet, tripod. See dftstan.
ditin vt. (-bin-/vin-/-win-[Ag]/-bihn-[jBi S]).
1) to see: *Min dit = I saw *We dit = You (pi.)
saw •Ditinya ku ditin (Dz) What do you think
they saw? {Cf. T 'Bir ne gorsiinler’); -di fk-i T a
neditin (Dh/Zeb/AId) to be hesitant to do stg., not
to have the heart to do stg., not to bother to do stg.:
•Ez di xo Ta nabinim bejme (Dh) I am hesitant
to tell him, I don't have the heart to tell him •Ez
t@ra nabinim ku vi kari biket (Dh) I don't
think he will do it, I can't see or imagine him doing
it *Se Toja weki bima t’i ew [sic] xwera
nedidit bigua av vexwara, birgi bima
xwfejra nedidit nan bixwara (Dz #16, p.382)
If she were thirsty for three days, she wouldn't
bother to drink water, if she were hungry, she
wouldn’t bother to eat bread; 2) ( syn: p’evda kirin;
veditin) to find: •Lazime em yareke jera
bibinin (FK-eb-1) We must find him a mate; 3)
[syn: seh kirin) to hear, perceive, sense: •Min di
§irqin ji tate hat (L) I heard a noise coming [lit.
'came'] from the rock; 4) [f. (-a; ).] Jsjn: ray}
opinion, view: *bi ditina min = in my opinion
•Le beri HEP’e ez di we ditine de me ku
p@§i PKK be rexnekirin (Wit 1:43, p.9) But
before HEP, I am of the opinion that first the PKK
should be criticized, {also: din I[2]; [ditin] ^ j (JJ);
<ditin (dibine) G v -^*0 > (HHj) ditin: [Pok.
dheie-: dhia-: dhl- 243.] 'to see, look': Av 2 da(y)-;
OP ^dl- (Kent); -bin-: [Pok. 2. u(e)di- 1125.] 'to
see, catch sight of; to know': O Indlr *uaid-na-
(Kent): Skt veda = 'knows' & venati = 'waits' &
vindati = 'finds'; O Ir *uaina- (Kent): Av vaena-; OP
vaina- (Kent); P dldan jAjj (-bln-) (^); Sor ditin
(-bin-)/binin Za vinena [dvayi§]
(Todd/Srk); Hail diey/winav (win-) vt. = 'to see' &
diay (die-) vt. - 'to look’ (M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/M/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK] <nerin; veditin>
ditir (Hk/Atkan) = other; next. See din I.
diwan /. (-a;-e). 1) [svn: diwanxane [1]) court
(of a prominent person, e.g., a king) , divan;
drawing room, reception hall: •Hatine diwana
mir SSvdin (Z-l) They came to Prince Sevdin’s
court; 2) anthology of poems (IF/B). [also: [divan]
(JJ); <diwan> (HH)) <0 Ir *dipi-pana
(Brand); P divan j --> Ar diwan (jW j: *dipi-:
Sumerian dup- --> Elamite tup-pi, tippi =
'inscription' —> OP dipi- n. = 'writing, script & dipl-
f = 'inscription'. Deft’er is from the same root
[Z-1/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] See also diwanxane.
diwanxan*e f (•a;*&). l) [syn: diwan [l];
oda qebulkirine (F)J drawing room, reception hall;
(king’s) court; room, hall; 2) government institution
(B/K). [K/A/JB3/IF/B] See also diwan.
diwar m. (-e; diwer, vi diwari). wall (of a
house; beden I and stir refer to a city wall) :
•Lawe pire li diw§r de hilki§iya (L) The old
woman's boy climbed up the wall, [also: [divar]
(JJ); <diwar> j\*> j (HH)) Cf. P divar T
duvar/divar; Sor diwar = Za des m. (Todd);
Hau diwar m. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
diya mara )jL L> j f. (). large lizard (Msr); medium-
sized lizard (Haz) [lit. 'mother of snakes'], [also:
diye mare (Haz)) [Msr//Haz]
diyar I jLj () = evident, apparent. See diyar.
diyar II jL> j m. (). hill, mound, knoll (K); hill with
sparse vegetation, treeless at the top (HM);
mountain summit (JJ): *Ez gtime ser£ diyareki,
min di heft beran li pey beranek[i] [Pin£
zebe§] (L) I went to the top of the hill, I saw seven
rams after one another [rdl.; ans.: watermelon
plant] [also: fdiar] juj (HM); [diiar] jL j (JJ)} {syn: gir
II) [HM/K/A/JJ/L] <g’iya>
Diyarbakir = city of Diyarbakir. See
Diyarbekr.
Diyarbekr ^5lujto j f (-a;-e). city of Diyarbakir (in
1988 pop. c. 600,000[?]), unofficial capital of
Kurdistan of Turkey; formerly called Amid:
-Diyarbekra re§ (BK) Black Diyarbakir. [also:
Diarbek’ir (K); Diyarbakir; Diyaribakir) [K/BK]
divari ^jLj j (TF) = gift. See diyari.
Diyaribakir ^SlojLo> j = city of Diyarbakir. See
Diyarbekr.
dive mare ^o (Haz) = lizard. See diya mara.
■■ • •
diz f. [ ;-e). clay pot, earthenware pot: *Diya
qiza - p’irtida diza, diz g@ kirin, xelq§
birin (Z-l004) The mother of girls [is] a fashioner
of clay pots, [after] she made the pots, others took
them away (prvj. [also: dize (K-2/GF-2); dizik
(IFb); [diz] _>j j (JJ); <diz> yjj (HH)] [syn: hincan) Cf.
P diz _>j j; Sor dize ayo = 'casserole'
[Z-1004/K/B/JJ/HH/GF//IFb]
dize j (K/GF) = clay pot. See diz.
dizik Jyj > j (IFb) = clay pot. See diz.
djmin (SC) = enemy. See dijmin.
161
djminti (SC) = enmity. See dijminahi.
do I(BX/A) = two. See du I.
do II (BX/Wn/Erg/GF/OK) = yesterday. See Dihi.
dog’ik f. (-a; ). 1) two-pronged beard (JJ/K);
?things shaped like a two-pronged beard; 2) { syn:
bog’ik; duv I) tail (JJ/K/IF); 3) corner of eye (JJ):
-dogika gavan (JJ) stern look, angry look, evil
eye [regard dur, regard rude, regarder qqn. de
mauvais oeil]; 4) {syn; bog’ik (IF)| stem of a
fruit (IF), {also: dugik (IF-2); [doutchik]
(JJ)) ?< du(v) = ’tail' + T dim. -gik [JR/JJ/K/IF]
dodmam pLjjj (K) = female cousin. See dotmam.
doe (M-Am&Bar&Zx&Gul) = second. See dudua.
doh (A/HH/TF/OK) = yesterday. See dihi.
dohin (TF) = grease. See don.
dohin f.(Zeb)/m.(SK) (-a/ ; /-i). curds, dish
made of dew[qv.] and rice [birinc]. {also: duhin
(SK)) [Zeb//SK] <birinc; dew>
dohl (JBl-S/OK) = drum. See dehol.
dohn Qjtp (A) = fat, grease. See don.
dojeh Aojjj (IFb/HH) = hell. See doji,
doji f. (). hell, i also: dojeh (IFb); dujeh (Rnh);
mm
[douje] (JJ); <dojeh> (HH)( [syn: cehnem)
Cf. P duzax^-^j; Sor doje ojp [FK-l/K//JJ//IFb/
HH//Rnh]
dol I Jjj f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: avik) seed, sperm: # Ne ji
dola bav§ xwe ye (Qzl) He is a bastard [lit. 'he is
not of is father's seed']; 2) [syn: nijad) race, breed,
species, strain; 3) {syn: dundan; zufet II)
descendants, offspring, progeny: *Tu ne ji dola
Silmani (FK-kk-1) You are not of Silman’s
descendants, {also: [dol] (JJ)) <T dol = 'sperm,
seed' [FK-kk-1/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/Qzl] <tov; Foxim>
dol II Jjj /. (-a;-e). deep narrow valley, canyon,
combe: •'EskerS Fazil Pa§a li naw dole §a§
bftn, nezanin k&we biKel§n. Le§kire
'e§iretan ku digel ’eskere Fazil Pa§a
hatibftn hindek §areza biln, ser kewtine
giyan, xo xilas kirin (SK 48:488) Fazil Pasha's
troops went-astray in the middle of the canyon, not
knowing whither to flee. Some of the tribal force
which had come with Fazil Pasha's troops knew the
country and climbed up into the hills and so saved
themselves, {also: duwel II (GF-2)) Sor dol jjj
[SK/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ/Zeb] <newal>
dol III Jjj (IFb) = bucket. See dewl I.
dolab I cupboard, closet, cabinet.
{also: dolap (K/A); dolav (IFb-2/GF-2); [dolab]
(JJ); <dolab> (HH)) Cf. Ar dulab = 'wheel;
y
tire; cabinet, cupboard'; T dolap; Sor dolab
[LC/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
dolap (K/A) = cupboard. See dolab I.
dolav J'Vjj (IFb/GF) = cupboard. See dolab I.
dolg«e aOjj f. ( ;•§). pen or enclosure in which
ewes lamb, {also: dolgeh (GF)) {syn: lef) < T dol =
'sperm' + -ge[h] = place' (<P gah o If)
[Nikitine//K/B//GF] <axil; gom I; k’oz; mexel>
dolgeh Ijj (GF) = pen where ewes lamb. See dolge.
dolidang I /. (). (child's) swing, {syn: colan;
deydik; helekan; hezok) Sor dilane aj^j o/delekane
ajISaTo [Sinneh]; Hau dilane f. (M4) [K/F]
dolidang II Jj /. ( ;-e). 1) gifts (distributed to
children during Yezidi religious holidays) ; 2) a
custom on religious holidays, whereby young
people go from rooftop to rooftop singing songs,
and ask for gifts, while letting down a stocking tied
to a stick through the skylight on each roof, {also:
dolidank (B)) [K//B]
dolidank (B) = 1) gifts; 2) custom in which
young people go from roof to roof, and stick a
stocking through the skylight while asking for gifts.
See dolidang II.
dolme c^Jjj/dolme A_Jy*b [Bw] pi. stuffed grape
leaves, {also: [dolma Aj^j/tolma aJ^] (JJ); <tolme>
(HH)) {syn: iprax) <T dolma = ‘heing filled
up; vegetable stuffed with a mixture of meat and
rice' [Bw/K/GF//JJ//HH]
dom I pjj f. (). perseverence, persistence (OK);
continuance (GF): -dom kirin
(Wlt/K[s]/IFb/HH/TF/OK) to continue {syn:
berdewam bun & kirin; dewam kirin; domin &
domandin): •Alfons pa§da vedigere...dige
necaretxane u dom dike malokan gedike
(BM, pp.25-26) Then Alfons goes back to the
carpentry workshop and continues building [or, to
build] little houses »Ger ji iro pe ve ji, eri§en
li ser wan dom bikin, d£ rew§a wan
dijwartir bibe (Wit 1:43, p.9) If from today on
they continue their attacks on them, they will be in
a more difficult situation, {also: [doum ^j/dewam
j*W (JJ); <dom kirin qjY^ (dom dike)
(HH)) <Ar dawm ^ =‘duration, continuance’
[Wlt/K(s)/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK] <k’i§andin [5]>
dom II pjp (A) = Gypsy. See dome,
domam (B/JJ) = female cousin. See dotmam.
domandin vt. (-domin-), to continue (vt.),
cause to continue, carry on: *Na em heji
negihi§tine armanca xwe. Le em ji bo ve,
xebata xwe didominin (Wit 1:37, p.16) No, we
have not yet achieved our goal. But for this reason
we are continuing our struggle •Ti§teke ew
dixirikand, le ew ne di haya ve yeke de
bu. Wi ji xwe re xewnen xwe didomandin
(Wit 1:45. p.16) Something tugged at him, but he
was not aware of it. He carried on with his dreams,
[syn: berdewam kirin; dewam kirin; dom kirin)
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF] <domin; k’i§andin [5]>
dome m. (). Gypsy, {also: dom II (A)) [syn: a§iq;
bo§e; mirt’ib; qereg!) Sor dom = villager of §ari
Hewraman (generally skilled in crafts associated
with Gipsies but especially the making of keia§,
shoe with rag sole)' [Wn/A]
domiz (). pig. [also: [domouz] (JJ)1 {syn:
beraz; wel'i§ (Haz); xinzir, f. (F) [erudite]) < T
domuz [Mzg//JJ]
domin vi. (-dom-). l) [syn: berdewam bun) to
continue (vi.), be continued: *Ger bi vi awayi
bidomiya, de bibuna layiqe gel (Wit 1:43.
p.8) If it had continued in this manner, they would
have been worthy of the people *He ji girtin u
pesta dewleta li Siwereke didome (Wit 1:45,
p.3) The capture and oppression by the state in
Siverek continues; 2) {syn: ajotin [2]; k’i§andin [6]i
to last, take. [(neol)Wlt] <berdewam; dewam;
dom>
don m. (). (melted) fat, grease: *Bine nane
genimi, duhn bide, bexe le§e min, eze sax
bim (M-Zx #757) Bring wheat bread, spread it
with fat, put it on my body and I shall be cured
[i.e., come to life again]. I also: dihn II (IFb-2);
dohin (TF); dohn (A); duhn (GF-2/M-Zx); dwin
(IFb-2); [don ^j/douhen CJJ); <duhn>
(HH)) [syn: bez I] <Ar duhn [F/K/JB3/IFb/
B/JJ/GF//A//TF//HH/M-Zx] <avdonk; tewa§>
donzdah (Ba) = twelve. See donzdeh.
donzde ojjpjj (K/JB3/IF/B) = twelve. See donzdeh.
donzdeh num. twelve, 12. [also: danzde (M-
Am & Bar/Rh); danzde (JBl-A); deh u didu
(Ad/Krg/Bg); diwanzde (JBl-S); diwazdeh (IFb-2);
donzdah (Ba); donzde (K/JB3/IF/B); dozde (Msr);
duwazde (Msr-2); dwanzde (JBl-S/M-Ak & Shn);
dwanzde (JBl-A); dwanzdey (JBl-A); dwazde
(Msr/SK/M-Sur); dwazde (M-Zx & Gul); [devazdeh
ojjijj/dounzdeh owp^/deh ou dou 3 j 3 oj] (JJ);
<dwazde[h]> (HH)) Skt dvidasa; Av dvadasa-
= twelfth; Mid P dwazdah (M3); P davazdah ajjkp;
Sor duwazde ojjljj/duwanze Za
duwes/desudi[di] (Todd); Hau duanze (M4)
[F/Ba/SC//K/JB3/IFb/B//HH/SK//M-Am&Bar/Rh//
JJ//JBl-A//JBl-S//Ad/Krg/Bg//Msr] <derzin; didu>
doq ^ adj. standing on end (of knucklebone [k’ap
II]). [syn :] [Qzl] <k’ap II>
dor f. (-a;-§). (one's) turn (in line) , circuit: -di
dora ... de/ [li] dora... = around [syn: dorhela):
•Cime’ta Misre dora bazirgan berev dibe
(Ba) The people of Egypt gather around the
caravan *Peze xwe li dora xwe dicivinim
(AB) I gather my sheep around me. [also: [dor] ^
(JJ); <dor> (HH)] [svn: ger II[2]; nobet; sire) < Ar
dawr [BX/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
dorandin /dorandin [K(s)/IF/JB3] vt
(-dorin-/-doren [K(s)]). 1) (syn: derdan; ^birin
[3]) to lose (a game) (M/K[s]); to give up, forfeit
(IF); 2) to spread, diffuse (IF/JB3); 3) to ruin,
weaken (IF). Sor dorandin jjj (-doren-) = 'to
win (a game), to lose (a game )' [M//K(s)/JB3/IF]
dorbin (L) = binoculars. See dflrbin.
dorgi ni. (). one who stands in line, awaiting
• ■
his turn, customer: •Mhemmed Xan xwe
kiriye kera§ ll jina xwe ji kiriye dorgi (L)
M. Khan turned himself into a miller, and his wife
into a customer (one standing in line, waiting to
grind grain), [also: dordar (K)} < dor = 'one's turn'
+ T -ci/-gi = '-er' (e.g., doer ) [L/B//K]
dordar (K) = one who stands in line. See dorgi.
dor* girtin vt. (dor-gr-). to surround,
encircle, [also: [dor ghirtin] (JJ))
[SW/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ]
dorhel /. (-a; ). surroundings: -dorhila (BX)
Iprep.J around, surrounding [syn: di dora ... de;
[li] dora...). [BX/K/JB3/IF]
dost o-rjj m.&f. (-6/-a; /-§). 1) [syn: heval; hogir;
yar [1]; ^dijmin; ^neyar) friend: *Bab§ min ft
Xal Efimed qewi dost biln, weki biradt
daybabi btin, malek Eisab bEn (SK 8:81) My
father and Uncle Ahmad were great friends,they
were like blood brothers, they were (almost)
163
counted as one family *Eger kesek zerera
dujmine muro biket, muro wi kesi nakete
doste xo? (SK 1:2) If someone .injures a man's
enemy, doesn't the man make that person his
friend?; 2) [m.] male lover (IFb). [also: [dost]
01); <dost> (HH)) [Pok. geus- 399.] 'to taste,
enjoy’, in Indo-Iranian & Alb 'to love': Skt jostar-
/jostar- = 'caring for, loving'; O Ir *zaustar- (Ras,
p.135): Av zaos- = 'to delight in'; O P daustar- =
’fond of, loving, friend'; Mid P dost = 'friend' (M3);
P dust --> T dost; Sor dost = 'friend'; cf.
also Lat gustus = 'taste'; Gr geuomai yen open = 'I
taste'; Eng choose {dostani; dostay[et]i; dosti;
dostini; dostiti) lK/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK|
dostan (GF/Hej) = trivet, tripod. See dilstan.
dostani (IFb/OK) = friendship. See dosti.
dostayeti (K[s)) = friendship. See dosti,
dostayi ^.G^j (A/B) = friendship. See dosti.
»■
dosti /. (-ya; )• friendship: •Dijmin kengi
bftye dost, heta ku tu li dostaniya mar
digeri? (CP, p.15) Since when have enemies
become friends, that you are seeking the friendship
of the snake? •Ma-beyna §ex 'Ebdusselami
Sani Seyyid Tahae Sani gelek xo§ bu,
dosti hebu (SK 48:497) Between Shaikh
Taha II there were very
pleasant relations and friendship *Pa§i disa hedi
hedi bi mexfi dest bi teriqete kir u. digel
qaimmeqame Z 6 bare, §ewqi Efendi,
dostini peyda kir (SK 47:466) Then (the
Shaikh) slowly began to preach the path again in
secret and made friends with Shevqi Effendi, the
«
district governor of Zebar. [also: dostani (IFb-
2/OK-2); dostayeti (K[s]); dostayi (A/B); dostini (SK-
2); dostiti (K)) {syn: hevalti; yari I[1 ]}
[K/A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK//B] <dost>
dostini (SK) = friendship. See dosti.
dostiti (K) = friendship. See dosti,
do§ab vUjj (K/B/JJ/HH) = grape molasses. See do§av.
do§ak -JUjj (EP-7) = mattress. See do§ek.
do§ani f. ( ;-y&). milch (cow, ewe, goat, etc.),
*■
lactiferous animal, [also: <do§ani> (HH))
[Qzl/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/FJ/Hej] <dotin>
do§av J>UjU /. (-a;-e). syrup (esp. of grapes), grape
molasses (T pekmez, Arm rup nnuq). [also:
do§ab (K-2/B-2); do§aw (SK); [douchab/duscaf (G)/
doshav (Rh)] (JJ); <do§ab> (HH)) [syn:
Abdussalam II and Sayyid
aqit; dims; mot) According to JJ, this is derived
from Mandaic KWH1T , although the Classical Arc
form is identical. The Iranian word for water (P ab,
Krm av, Sor aw) may have played a part in the
metathesis from the original Arc form. I.e.,
because of the viscous nature of grape molasses,
do§av, etc. may have been perceived as being
some sort of water (av, etc.). Dims is derived
from Arab dibs and is therefore ultimately
cognate to do§av. <Arc duvsa KtZ7Hn = 'honey,
glutinous substance': NENA doshab ^dLcoo/^ucoo
= 'syrup, treacle, from grapes or honey' esp. in
Salmas (Maclean) & dyuslia h e b o (Maclean)/duysa
(Christian Urmia) = ’honey’; cf. Heb devas Iff21 =
’honey’, Ar dibs = 'grape molasses'; P dusab
= 'syrup made of raisins mixed with butter
and cream'; Sor do§awjUjU [Bw/K/IFb/B/GF/OK//
JJ/HH//SK] <gifik II>
dogaw jUp (SK) = grape molasses. See do§av.
do§ek /. (-a;-e). mattress; bedding, sleeping
mat (JJ): # Bave min weke hertim bedeng li
ser do§eka xwe runi§ti bu (Alkan, 73) As
always, my father was seated silently on his
mattress •bin do§eka Osib (Ba) under Joseph’s
mattress, [also: do§ak (EP-7); [douchek] (JJ);
<do§ek> j (HH)) [syn: cil III; mitel) < T do§ek;
Sor do§ek Za do$eg m. (Todd)
[Ba/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-S/GF/TF]
do§in (IFb/M) = to milk. See dotin.
dot ojU f- (-a;-©)* girl; daughter (polite form, used
mostly in such compounds as dotmam &
dotmlr). [also: [doukht <^oo/dot o^j] (JJ)) [syn:
keg’; qiz) [Pok. dhug(h)ater 277.] 'daughter' —>
*dhugHter-: Skt duhitr; O Ir *duxta- (A&L p. 84
[V]): Av dugadar-/duxtar-; Mid P duxt(ar) (M3); P
doxtar Sor dot c^jj/dwet ]dot] cf. also
Arm dustr (W: tusdr) rj.ni.uinp; Gr thygater
EhryaTqp; Rus doc" AO^b [gen . doceri Tto^epn);
Germ Tochter [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
dotin vt. (-do§-). to milk (a cow or sheep) :
•Berivanan ji pez dotin (AB) The milkmaids
milked the sheep *Elbe bine, ez gelekd
bido§im (AB) Bring the bucket, so that I can milk
the cow. [also: do§in (IFb-2/M); duhotin (Azer);
[dotin] (JJ); <dotin (dido§e)
(HH)) [Pok. dheugh- 271.] 'to press, dispense
generously, milk': Proto Indlr *dhaugh- = 'to milk';
164
Skt duh- (orig. dugh-); O Ir *daug-/*dauxs- (Tsb
40): P duxtan (-dus-) (jijj); Sor do§m
(-do§-); Za do§ena [diti§] (Todd/Srk) (for a
description of the entire milking cycle among
Kurdish nomads, see: B. Nikitine. les Kurdes :
etude sociologique et historique (Paris : Imprimerie
nationale : Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1956), p. 50,
note 1| [BX/K/fB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH//M//Azer] cberi I;
berivan; §evin; §ir>
dotmam pLjjj /. (-a;-e). female (first) cousin,
paternal uncle's daughter: /I Kurd has the right of
refusal of the hand of his amoza [=dotmam] (M,
note #149, p.370); any female relative: •"Eto ve
jine tbmi, ya xizmeta me tket?" gote
"Bele.” Gote, "Eve dotmama min e" (M
#630) "Do you see this woman who is waiting on
us?" he replied, "Yes." He told him. "This is my
cousin." {also: domain (B); dodmam (K);
duxtmam; [doumampL^j/doutmam
doukhtmam pLxi-j/dutman (JJ); <dutmam>
(HH)} {syn: qizap) < dot = ’daughter’ + mam =
’paternal uncle’. [K//A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//B//JJ/HH]
<ap; binam (Bw); mam; pismam; qizmet’>
dox f (-a;-e). handle (of a spoonh shaft; spindle:
-aoxa t 3 e§Tye (B) spindle, [also: [doukh] (JJ)}
Sor dux^j = 'spindle of spinning wheel'
[Qzl/K/A/IFb/B/GF/FJ//JJ]
doxin f. (-a;-e). drawstring, pyjama-cord.
{also: doxwin (TF); doxwin (L); [doukhinl
(JJ); <doxin> (HH)! {syn: oxgir (Dy)) Sor
bendexwen [bendexon]
[K/A/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//))//L//TFI <maldoxin =
pizi; pigan; $alvar; xilf>
doxtir (K/B) = doctor. See duxtor.
doxwin (TF) = drawstring. See doxin.
doxwin (L) = drawstring. See doxin.
dox*e L (*a; ). bride's white headdress: -doxa
buke (Bw) do. [Bw] <garik>
doxeba /. (-ya; ). stuffed dumplings [kolilk] in
boiled yoghurt, {also: doxeva (Bw[Beduh]);
<doxawe cjU-jj/doxewa ^^o/doxwa l^o/doxewa
(Hej)) P duyeba Ls^; Sor doxewa =
dokuliw^J^j = 'dish of curds with rice or sawer
flavored with mint’ [Bw//Hej] <dew I; kutilk; mast>
doxeva (Bw[Beduh]) = dumplings in yoghurt. See
doxeba.
doz jjj f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: ceng [2j; cerenix; cure;
de’w II; gelem§e; gel§; k’e§e; k 3 e§mek’e§) fight,
quarrel: -de 3 w d doz (Z-l) do. ; 2) lawsuit, legal
action, (law) trial, (court) case: -doz vebun (Wit)
for a court case to be opened, for proceedings to be
initiated: »Doz bi hinceta ku bi riya
gapemeniye propagandeya parvekariy§ li
diji Tirkiyey§ hatiye kirin vebdye (Wit
2:103, p.8) Tbe trial was opened on the pretext
that separatist propaganda against Turkey was
being made through the press; -doz vekirin (Wit)
to open a case, initiate proceedings, {also: [douz]
(JJ)) [Z-l/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <dozger>
dozde ojjp (Msr) = twelve. See donzdeh.
dozger m. (-e ). public prosecutor: •DozgerS
DED (=Dadgeha Ewlekariya Dewlete) 3 a
Stenbole Mehmet Demirci (Wit 2:103, p.8)
The public prosecutor of the State Security Court
of Istanbul, Mehmet Demirci. [(neol)Wlt] <doz;
ebuqat>
draf (IFb) = dirhem. See dirav.
dran jljj (JB3/IFb/OK) = tooth. See didan.
drandin jjj)jj (JB3) = to tear, rip. See dirandin.
drav <J1 jj (IFb) = dirhem. See dirav.
drej jjjj (JB3) = long. See direj.
drejahi (JB3) = length. See direjahf.
dri (IF) = thorn. See diri.
drun (JB3/IF) = to sew. See dirdtin.
drutin (JB3/IF) = to sew. See dirdtin.
druv (IFb) = looks. See diruv.
du Ijj nuni. two, 2: ”didu" is used independently
(free form), while ''du’’ is immediately followed by
a noun (bound form) . Cf. sis§ vs. s§. {also: do
(BX/A); du I; [dou](JJ); <diddo/du (HH))
Cf. P dojj; Sor du^j/duwan Za didi/di—for
etymology see didd. [BX/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B] <didu;
• A
sise; se>
lu II (IF) = yesterday. See dihi.
lu c a Uj-j m./f.(Bj (-ye/ ; /-§). 1) prayer;
incantation: •Mem se qat heqe wana daye,
weki ew dilmay! neminin d dua’y§ oxira
wi bikin (Z-l) Mem gave them three times what
they deserved, so that they wouldn't be offended,
and [so that] they would pray for his good fortune;
2) blessing; benediction, {also: [doua] Ipj (JJ);
<du’a> Do (HH)| < Ar du‘a' cUo [Z-l/K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
<t’iberk>
165
D_
duani (K) = second. See dudua.
•»
dubare -dubare kirin (K/B/OK) to repeat,
reiterate, do or say again: *Min pewist nedit ku
li vir careke din ez we dubare bikim (Emin
Narozi. £ira 9:38) I saw no need to repeat it here
. another time, {also: dubar (B-2)) Cf. P dubare ojLjj
= 'again'; Sor dubare ojL^j = 'repitition; again’ &
dubare kirdn»ewe o j = dupat kirdn«ewe
ojaj j = 'to repeat' [£ira-9/K/IFb/ B/OK/RZ]
<bilandin>
dubar kirin (B) = to repeat. See dubare.
dubur m. (-§; ). shady side of mountain, {also:
dibur, f. (B); [debour] j (JJ)) {syn: nizar I; zimank)
{^beroj) [SI 111 //B/JJ]
ducan qL-jj (A/IFb/FJ) = pregnant. See ducani.
ducani adj. pregnant, /also: ducan (A/IFb/FJ))
• •
{syn: bihemil; biti§t; bizar; duhala; giran I) Sor
dugyan [Slm/Qrj/Qzl//A/IFb/FJ]
duda (F/B) = second. See dudua.
dudil adj. hesitant, wavering, indecisive,
irresolute: -dudil btln (K/B/GF/AId) to hesitate,
waver, {also: [dou-dil] (JJ)) Cf. P do del Jjjj;
Sor dudil [Ald/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
dudili /. ( ;-y£). hesitation, indecisiveness,
irresoluteness. Cf. P do deli [IFb/GF]
dudu (K/IF) = two. See didti.
dudua \ 3 j 3 j adj. second (ordinal of two), 2 nd. {also:
didiwan (BX); didiye (JBl-S); diduyan (IF); diduyi
(IF- 2 ); doe (M-Am&Bar&Zx&Gul); duani (K- 2 );
duda (F/B-2); duem (A); duhem (IF- 2 ); duhemin
(IF- 2 ); duwum (K); due (M-Shn); duwe (JBl-A); dwe
(M-Sur&Ak); [douvi ^j/douian q^] (JJ)) Cf. P
dovvom Sor duhem[in] Za didin
(Todd) [K/B//BX//JBl-S//[F//M-Am&Bar&Zx&Gul//F//
A//M-Shn//JBl-A//M-Siir&Ak//JJ) <didu; du I>
duem pojj (A) = second. See dudua.
duh Ajj (BX/F/K/B/IFb) = yesterday. See dihi.
duhala 'VUbjj adj. pregnant, {also: duhali (F)) (syn;
avis; bihemil; biti§t; bizar; giran I[3]; hemle) [K//F]
duhem (IF) = second. See dudua.
duhemin (IF) = second. See dudua.
duhe (Wn) = yesterday. See dihi.
«•
duh§l JlAjj f. ( thread made of animal skin:
•§§r go: ez bi weris naydm giredan, Ift ez
bi duh§lan t§me girtin ... here iyareki nh
bine, ft bike duhel u li la§e min bigerine
(RN 16/7/45, p.3) The lion said, “I can’t be tied
with rope, but I can be caught with thread made of
animal skin ... go bring a new goatskin bag, and
make threads out of it [=cut it into thin strips] and
run them around my body, {also: duwel I (GF);
[deval Jljj/devil Jjj] (JJ); <duwel> (HH)) P
Y Y
doval Jljj; Sor duwal Jljj & duwel (Hej) =
'thong' [RN/K/IFb/B//HH/GF//JJ]
duhi (BX/JB3/IFb/SK/GF) = yesterday. See dihi.
» •
duhin (SK) = curds. See dohin.
duhl (PS) = drum. See dehol.
duhn (GF/HH/M-Zx) = grease. See don.
duhotin (Azer) = to milk. See dotin.
duhu^j (Ad) = yesterday. See dihi.
duhali (F) = pregnant. See duhala.
dujin (A/IFb) = dirty. See dijftn II.
dujmin (A) = enemy. See dijmin.
dujminati (SK) = enmity. See dijminahi.
dujminayi (A) = enmity. See dijminahi.
duk’an (B) = shop. See dik’an.
duk’angi (F/B) - shopkeeper. See dik’andar.
• •
duk’andar (B/JJ) = shopkeeper. See dik’andar.
duk’el (JBl-A/OK) = smoke. See duk’el.
duktor (SK) = doctor. See duxtor.
Dumili = Zaza. See Dimili.
Dumilki C 5 S1L j j = Zaza. See Dimili.
••
dnndan (TF) = offspring. See dftndan.
duniya LwJ^j (F/K/B) = world. See dinya.
duniyaditi = experienced. See dinyaditi.
••
duniyalik JUlwJjj (B) = all of humanity. See
dinyalik.
dupi§k c(F) = scorpion. See dhp’igk.
dur f. ( ;-e). pearl (K/IF); jewel (JJ): -lal [ft] dur
(Z-l) rubies and pearls: «Zineki usa hespd
minra ge ke, weki t’emam lal ft dur be (Z-
1 ) Make a saddle for my horse that is full of rubies
and pearls, {also: [dourr] jj (JJ); <dur> jj (HH))
[syn: mircan [2]) < Ar durr jj [Z-l/K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
<lal II; xi§ir>
durbin (IF) = binoculars. See dhrbin.
dureyan (OK) = crossroads. See dufiyan.
durist (K/B) = correct, true. See dirust,
duristi (B) = correctness, truth. See dirusti.
duriyan <jbj^ f. (-a; ). crossroads, fork in the road,
junction, {also: dureyan (OK); <dur[i]yan>
(Hej)} Cf. P durahl J3 y, Sor dureyan qIZjm-* =
Toad fork'; Hau duera m. (M4) [Zeb/Hej//OK]
durust (IFb/B) = correct, true. See dirust.
166
durusti (B) = correctness, truth. See dirusti.
duruv ojjjo (A) = looks. See dirtiv.
durd I adj. two-faced, hypocritical, {also: [dou-
roui] (SSJ 3 j> (JJ)( {syn: salus) Cf. P duru^o [cf. clq
Palestinian Ar muwajhan < wajhen - 'two
faces' (dual); T ikiyiizlii] (duruti; duruyi)
[K/JB3/IFb/JJ/B]
duru II (Mzg) = looks. See dirilv.
durun (BK) = to sew. See dirtltin.
dufuti (-ya; ). hypocrisy, two-facedness:
•Dewleta tirk bi nijadperestiye, bi
binpekirina mafen mirovan \1 bi durutiya
xwe edi li cihane deng daye (AW69C2) The
Turkish state has made a name for itself in the
world for its racism, its suppression of human
rights and its hypocrisy, {also: duruyi (JB3/GF)}
[K/IFb/JJ/B//JB3/GF] <duru I>
duruv (Srk/GF) = looks. See dirtiv.
duruyi x ^ (JB3/GF) = hypocrisy. See dufuti.
dusbe (K) = the day after tomorrow. See dusibe.
du sed (IF)/dused (K) = two hundred, 200. See
dusid.
dusibe adv. the day after tomorrow: -siba na
duspa (B) do. {also: dusbe (K-2); dusibe (F); duspa
(B)) \syn: fojtir; sibetir) [K/IF/JB 1 -S//F//B]
<betraper>
dusibe (F) = the day after tomorrow. See dusibe.
dusid num. two hundred, 200 . i also: du sed (IF);
dused (K); dusud (F)| Skt dve sate; Av duye saHe
[B//K//IF//F] <sed>
duspa (B) = the day after tomorrow. See dusibe.
dustan (A/IFb/GF) = trivet, tripod. See dtistan.
dusud (F) = two hundred, 200 . See Dusid.
Du§em f. ( ;-e). Monday: -Du§eme (Msr) on
Monday; -Du§emba ko be (JB3/1F) next Monday;
-Roja du§embe (JB3/1F) Monday. 1 also: Dufemb
(JB3/IF); Du§embe (K); Du§em (Msr); [douchem
/douchenbe (JJ)) Gf. P dusambe Sor
du § em [in ] c -» <^ 33 ^ /du§ e mb e /du§emu
Za di§eme (Todd/Lx)
[F/A/B/RI 1 //JB 3/IF//K//Msr/JJ]
Du§emb (JB3/IF) = Monday. See Du§em.
Du§embe (K) = Monday. See Du§em.
du§irmi§ ^j (F). See d.u§urmi§.
du§irmi§ -du§irmi§ bOn (K/B) to think:
•Mevan du§urmi§ dibe: “Wexte hatim gifa
ewi mifa go, ezrahil§ min” (Dz, anecdote
#26) The guest thinks, “When I came, why did he
call me ‘my Ezrail’?” {also: du§irmi§ (F); du§urmi§
(Dz); [dusiirmis JL* j/dusiimfs J^,j] (JJ)} { syn:
fikirin; hizir kirin; p’onijin [2]; Taman I) < T
du§iinmu§ = 'having thought’ [K/B//F//JJ]
du§ivan m. (). shepherd’s assistant: # Keriye
me bi nizam li du §ivan digu u du§ivan d
zaro li herdu all, vir da w§ da, bazdidan,
ne dihi§tin ku nizam xirab be H bi
kopalen xwe an bi fikandineke xas di nav
keri de ji her pezi re ciye wi ni§an didan
(SW: Erebe §emo. §ivane Kurd, p.42) Our flock
would follow the shepherd in an orderly way, and
the assistants and boys on both sides, here and
there, would run, not letting the order be lost, and
with their staffs or by whistling a signal they would
show each sheep its place. [SW/GF] <§ivan>
du§k (K[sJ) = sister-in-law. See di§.
du§min (Ba2) = enemy. See dijmin,
du^minayi (B) = enmity. See dijminahi.
••
du§mini (B) = enmity. See dijminahi.
du§minti (B) = enmity. See dijminahi.
••
du§urmi§ (Dz). See du§irmi§.
duwel I JjjJ (GF/HH) = thread made of animal skin.
See duhel.
duwel II (GF) = valley. See dol II.
duwum (K) = second. See dudua.
duxtmam pL^j (JJ) = female cousin. See dotmam.
duxtor jps. 3 j m.&f. ()• medical doctor, physician:
•£are ewe bigime lali duxtoreki, xo seqet
bikem (M-Ak, #632) The remedy was for me to
go to a doctor and emasculate myself, {also: doxtir
(K/B); duktor (SK)) [syn: biji§k; hekim; nojdar) <Lat
doctor = 'teacher' < docere = 'to teach’
[M-Ak/OK//K/B//SK]
du I = two. See du I.
du II m, (-ve/-we; ). 1 ) {syn: bog’[ik]; del II;
dog’ik; k’ilk; kuri I (Bw); qemg[ik]; teri I[l]J tail:
•Aqile xwe ji dfiwe rep hilina (Dz) She got
her brains/cleverness horn the protruding tail (Cf.
expression ’’The lion's share"!; 2) back part (JJ); 3)
fattail. {also: daw I; dum; dtiv I, f. (B)/m.; duw;
[dou^ /doui'^1 (JJ); <duv> Ojj (HH)) <0 Ir
*duma- (A&L p.84 [V]): Av duma-; Southern Tati
dialects: Chali doma f. ; Takestani & Eshtehardi
dom(b) m. ; Xiaraji & Sagz-abadi domb m. = 'tail'
D_
(Yar-Shater); P dom pj/donb j; Sor dug
[Dz/A/IF/JJ//B/HH] See daw I & ddv I.
dH III prep, after, behind: *Bi dd payiza
jiyane re koga dawin (MUs, p.7) The final
migration after the autumn of life *Teyre Semir
bi dtl mi de hat (L) The Simurgh came after me
[in pursuit]; -[bi] dd k’etin (JBl-A): a) to pursue,
set out after: *Bi dft wan ket (L) [She] set out
after them; b) to strive for stg., be bent on stg.:
• Cahil du xwendine dik’evin (B) The young
people are bent on studying; -dan dil/dil gtln/dti
hatin/dft k’etin = to follow, pursue: «Ew dil
hire xwe k’et [=Ewi da du bire xwe], le
p6ra negihi§t (B) He set out after his brother, but
he could not catch up with him «Min da du
bzne (EH) I followed the goat; -du mayin (IF) to
stay behind; -dti xistin (B) to send out after or in
pursuit of, to sic: *Me tank dti du§min xistin
(B) We sent tanks out after the enemy, {also: duv II
(Bw); [dou 3 j/dou'i (JJ)) {syn: pey I| Sor dway
Za dima (Todd); Hau dima = afterward' (M4)
[K/IFb/B/JBl-A/SK/GF//Bw] <dufa>
dfi IV m./f.(OK) (-[y]§/; ). 1) {syn: duk’el; kadu)
smoke: *Dd ji kulek§ bilind dibe (AB) Smoke
rises from the smokehole (in the roof) *}i due
tenddra k’Sraned xaniya re§ bdbun (Ba2-3,
p.213) From the smoke of the ovens, the beams of
the houses had turned black; -duye gixare (Xrz)
cigarette smoke; 2 ) {syn: duk’el; teni) soot (K).
{also: [dou] (JJ); <du> 3 j (HH)) [Pok. 4. dheu-
261.] base of a wide variety of derivatives meaning
"to rise in a cloud" as dust, vapor, or smoke, and
related to semantic notions of breath, etc.: O Ir
*duta- (A&L p.84 [IV, 2]): P dud Sor du[d]
[jJ^j = smoke’; Za du ni. (Mai)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/ff/HH/GF/TF/OK] <duk’el; teni>
dubi§k (Msr) = scorpion. See dup’i§k.
dugik (IF) = beard; tail. See dog’ik.
due (M-Shn) = second. See dudua.
duhu(JBl-A) = yesterday. See dihi.
dujeh (Rnh) = hell. See doji,
dukan (IFb) = shop. See dik’an.
ddk’el f.(K/JBl-A/Dh)/m.(JB3) (-a/;). 1) {syn:
kadu) chimney smoke (IFb); thick, dark smoke
(TF/OK); 2) {syn: hilm) steam, vapor
(K/A/JB3/IFb/OK); 3) soot (thin layer [T is], as
opposed to ten f, thick layer [T kurum]) (Elk/OK).
[also: duk’el (JBl-A/OK- 2 ); dukel (JB3/IFb/OK)}
Sor dukei Hau dukel m. (M4)
[K/A/TF/Elk//JB3/IFb/OK//JBl-A] <du IV>
dukel J (JB3/IFb/OK) = smoke. See duk’el.
dulop (Cxn) = drop (of a liquid) . See dilop.
dum = tail; fattail. See daw I & dti II.
dumahi ^G^j /. (-a;-e). end, result: *Eger xude
rizqek da min zor §ukr, d eger neda disa
fazi me bi irada wi. Bila bimirim, elbette
dumaiya hemiyan mirin e (SK 4:31) If God
should grant me my sustenance I shall be most
thankful, and even if He should not I shall still be
happy to obey His will. Let me die, for certainly
death is the end of all *Wexte te maye bist
deqiqe. Kifine xo Bazir ke, wesyet&t xo
bike u desturiye ji mal u 'eyale xo bixaze.
Nawe xude bine, edi dilmaiya 'emr§ te ye.
Ma tu nizani Kece Mela Roste weki
meleke 'Izrail e? (SK 40:361) You have twenty
minutes left. Get your shroud ready, make your
testament and take leave of your wife and family.
Invoke the name of God, for the end of your life
has come. Don’t you know that Hajo the son of
Mullah Rosto is like the angel Azrail?; -e/-a
dumahike (Bw) last, final, {also: dumahik (Bw-
2 /IFb/GF); dhmai (SK); dumayi (K); [doumahi]
(JJ); <kes> ^^(HH)) {syn: dawi; tali II)
[Bw/OK/SS//SK//K//IFb/GF]
dumahik G^aG^j (Bw/IFb/GF) = end. See dftmahi.
dumai ^G^j (SK) = end. See dilmahi.
• •
duman ^G^j f. ( ;-e). 1 ) {syn: mij; moran; xumam, f.
()B3)) mist, fog: *[When they learned of Mem and
Zin's deaths] Ber g’e’ve Qeret’ajdin d birava
bu duman (Z-l) It became foggy before the eyes
of Q. and his brothers; -mij h dtiman (Ba2) do.:
• nava mij ft ddmaneda (Ba2) amid dense fog;
2 ) dust (HH); 3) I syn: du IV) smoke (IFb/GF). {also:
[douman] jGjj (JJ); <duman> jG^j (HH)) < T
duman = smoke' --> Rus tuman TyMaH = ’fog’
[Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
dumaqesk GL^’G^j (A) = swallow (bird) . See
ddmeqesk.
dumayi ^G^j (K) = end. See dumahi.
dumeqesk GL f. ( ;-§). swallow (bird) , zool.
Hirundo: • Ddmeqeske dani ser dar@ (B) The
swallow alighted on the tree, {also: dumaqesk (A))
168
{ syn: fiacfiacik; meqesork (F); qernequgik (IF))
[F/K/B/IF//A]
dun (OK) = to smear. See dfttin.
dftndan f Q. offspring, descendants, progeny.
{also: dundan (TF)) {syn: dol I; zuret II) Cf. Sor
dftdman = 'hearth, family’ fIFb/GF/OK//TF]
<be dftnde>
dftp’i§k f./m.(B/SK) (-a/ ;-e/ ). 1) scorpion,
zool. Scorpionida : •Pa§! dftpi§k hat e pes,
got, "Zerera min ewe ye. Ez her wexte
bigem e wan bi wan we-didem. §ftna
duro§ft§ika min bi lae kemiwe deh sa'etan
die§it ft hindek ji pe dimirin. U hemban ft
me§k ft qazan ft amanet sifr ji bi-kun
dikem” (SK 1:5) Then the scorpion came forward
and said, "This is my injury. Whenever I (can)
reach them I sting them. The place of my sting
hurts for at least ten hours and some even die from
it. And I puncture grain sacks and leather churns
and cooking-pots and even copper vessels": 2)
Scorpio (astr.). {also: dupi§k (F); dftbi§k (Msr);
[douw-pichk] (JJ); <dftpi§k> (HH))
Sor dftpi§k [K/A/JB3/IFh/HH/SK/GF/OK//
F//JJ //Msr]
dftr [Bw] adj. 1) (^nezik) [+ ji or -i] far,
distant, remote (from) : • dftri gund (L) far from
the village ‘Gundda mal dftri hev hatibftne
ava kirine (Ba2) In the village the houses had
been built far from each other •K’eleka Zina
xwe dftr nak’eve (Z-l) He doesn't go far from
his Zin's side; -dftrva (K/B)/ji durve (BX/GF) in
the distance, from afar: •Mem§ geleki ji
cotk’ari dftr k’etibft, dina xwe da, durva
siyareki we daye pey kareke xezala (Z-l,
p.52) When Mem had gotten very far from the
farmer, he looked and saw in the distance someone
mounted on a horse pursuing a fawn; 2) unlikely,
improbable: ‘Hinge eger xulaman deste
koger ne girti bftna, ne dtlr bft ko di
navgava mir da ji danina (JB2-O.Sebri/Rnh 14
[1943] 8-9) Then, if the servants had not caught
hold of the nomad’s hands, it was not unlikely that
he would have hit into the emir’s forehead. { also:
[dour] (}}); <dur> ^ (HH)) [Pok. 3. deu- 219.]
’long’—> *dewH- > duH (du) + ra: Skt dura-; O Ir
*dura-: P dur Sor dur Za duri (Todd)/dur
(Hadank); Hau dur (M4); cf. Av dav- = 'to make far'
[entfernen] {durahi; duraki; durani; durayi; duri)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
dftra [K]/dftra )[A/IFb] adv. afterward, later,
then: ‘Geleki li ser difikire ft dure biryar
dide ku dikare li ser biyografyaya A. 6.
binivise (AW75B6) He thinks about it a lot and
later decides that he can right about the life [lit.
'biography'] of A. O. ‘Le§keran dftre 38 kesen
li gund dan ber ledane ft ew birin
qereqola jandirme ya navgeye (CTV 190)
After that the soldiers subjected 38 people in the
village to beatings and took them to the regional
police station ‘Soysal 12 roj bere ji aliye
dewleta Moldova ve hate girtin ft dftre-ji
teslime Tirkiye hate kirin (CTV 182) Soysal
was arrested 12 days earlier by the state of
Moldova and later was handed over to Turkey.
{ also : du re (IFb-2)} [syn : pa§e; §unda) du III + -fa
[K/A/IFb] <du III>
durahi (IFb/GF) = distance. See dftri.
duraki ^ (JB3) = distance. See dftri.
durani j (K) = distance. See dftri.
durayi (K/A/B/GF/TF) = distance. See dftri.
■ ■
durben = binoculars. See dftrbin.
durbin f. ( ;-e). binoculars (F/K/A/IF/JJ);
spy-glass, telescope (K): ‘Dorbin da ber gavft
xwe (L) [She] looked into the telescope [lit.
'put/gave a telescope before her eyes'] ‘Marne
Rezgo gft sere giri, bi dftrbine tema§ay
de§te kir, dit laweki taze li sere de§te der-
kewt (SK 37:327) Mam Razgo went to the top of a
hillock and scanned the plain with his binoculars.
He saw a likely lad appear across the plain, {also:
dorbin (L); durbin (IF-2); durben; durebin (EP-
7/TF); Idour-bin] (JJ); <durbin> (HH))
Cf. P durbin = '(orig.) that which sees far’ — >
T durbiin [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//L//EP-7/TF]
dftrdest adj. unattainable, unreachable,
unavailable: ‘...0 heger iro ev yeke dftrdest
be (Fadil ‘Umar: "Pekolek bo vavartina zimanft
nivisine," Peyv 1 [1993], p. 17) And if today this is
unattainable, {also: <durd[e]st> (HH)}
[Peyv/IFb/HH/GF] cberdest II>
du re (IFb) = afterward. See dftra.
durebin (EP-7/TF) = binoculars. See dftrbin.
durge (K[s]/JB3) = (small) island. See dftrgeh.
169
dftrgeh f. Q. island (K[s]); small island (JB3/IF).
(also: durge (K[s]/JB3)) (syn: ada; cizir; girav II} Sor
durge [IF//K(s)/JB 31
dtirik J J33 j f. (-a; ). short song, tune, (sung)
couplet; melody (A/IF); little song, couplet, dance
song (HM): •Em£ her-yek dtlrekeki bavlnin
li-ser Mamu Alan (HM) Each one of us will sing
M.A. a short song [lit. 'throw a song on M.A.'];
-dfirika miriya (IFb) dirge, lament, funeral song.
{also: [dureka] (HM)} Za der f. = song' (Todd)
[HM/K/A/IFb] <dilan; kilam; stiran I>
dtirt ^j j f Q. distance; farness, (a/so: durahi (IFb-
2/GF-2); duraki (JB3); durani (K- 2 ); durayi
(K-2/A/B/GF-2/TF)} [K/JB3/IFb/GF//A/B/TF]
ddrkuj adj. beautiful from afar, but ugly up
close, {also: <durkuj> (Hej)} [Dh/Zeb/Hej]
dtistan f. (). trivet, tripod, each of three stones
supporting a cooking pot over the fire [Ar utflyah
T iigayak]: *Se bra ne: herse bra zikre§
[dfistan] (L #13, p.232) Three brothers, all three
with black bellies [rdl.: ans.: tripod], [also: distan
(GF-2); distan (IFb-2); dostan (GF- 2 ); dustan
(A/IFb/GF); <dostan> (Hej)} {syn: kug’ik
II[ 2 ]; sep’i [ 1 ]} [L/K//A/IFb/GF]
Du§em (Msr) = Monday. See Du§em.
dtitin vt. (-dfl-). to coat, daub, plaster, smear
(with plaster, clay , mud , etc.) : •Qesir p’aqij
kirin u hinik Hell tedan, dutin ... (JBl-S,
#197) They tidied up the castle and spread some
mud and coated [the floor with it], {also: dun (OK-
2 ); <dutin> (Hej)} {syn: seyandin) Cf. P
andudan jl (-anda-) 0^0 = 't° plaster,
[be]smear‘ [JBl-S/GF/OK/Hej] <sewax; tedan>
ddv I m.(AB)/£(K) (-e/ ; /-§). l) (fatty-) tail,
fattail: •DtivS berane me gir e (AB) Our ram's
fattail is big •Derxwine bero§e, dermane
girar§ [Dftv] (L[1937]) Cover of the pot,
seasoning of the soup [rdl.; ans.: sheep's fattail]; 2 )
tail: •Hema zaro §ure xwe avet ser dtive
marl, dtive marl peritand (KH, p.34) The
child immediately swung his sword at the snake's
tail, and severed the snake's tail, {also: daw I; du
II; dum; duw; [douw] (JJ); <duv> (HH))
(syn: tefi I[2]) <0 Ir *duma- (A&L p. 84 [V]): Av
3 j; Sor dug
[AB/K/JB3/IF/B/J/HHJ] <bog’[ik]; del II; dog’ik>
See daw I & dh II.
duma-; P dom pj/donb
duv II /cJj 3 j (Bw) = after, behind. See du III.
duw = tail. See daw I, dti II & dtiv I.
duwazde (Msr) = twelve. See donzdeh.
duwe (JBl-A) = second. See dudua.
dflz adj. 1 ) flat, even, level, straight (K/IF/HH):
•Hlvya kesi nes[e]kini, hema dev§ xwe
ajot duz hat ser ware xwe (EP-5, #18) She
waited for nobody, but rode her camel [and] came
straight to her camp; 2) [f. ().] plain; flat, level
land (JJ/B). {also: [douz] y,j (JJ); <duz> ^ (HH)}
< T duz = 'flat, straight’ [Z-l/K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
dwanzde (JBl-S/M-Ak & Shn)/dwanzde
(JBl-A) = twelve. See donzdeh.
dwanzdey (JBl-A) = twelve. See donzdeh.
dwazde (Msr/SK/HH/M-Sur)/dwazde oji) 3 j (M-
Zx & Gul) = twelve. See donzdeh.
dwe (M-Sur&Ak) = second. See dudua.
dwin (IFb) = fat, grease. See don.
170
*
-e * prep, to: only occurs in conjunction with a verb
and is realized as an enclitic [written *e in the
sample sentences below] : *Hespe brange min
bivn*e extexane (EP-7) Bring my brother's
horse to tbe stable »Le bi §abdna Mem§ ...
nan il av nak’evn»e bira wan (EP-7) From [so
much] rejoicing over Mem ... they forgot about
food [lit. 'bread'] and water [lit. 'bread and water
don't fall into their memory’] *Pa§e ten # e
meydane (J) Then they come to the square /
battlefield •Em evare p’efe k’axaza cigare
bikn*e bin do§eka tfsib (Ba) This evening we
will place a sheet of cigarette paper under Joseph's
mattress •Hatin®e diwana mir Sevdin (Z-l)
They came to prince Sevdins court •Vegeryan«e
mal (Ba) They returned home •Hakim B. ani,
xist*e odake mezin (L) The king took B. [and]
put him in a large room. [M]
e *5 (Ad) = I, me. See ez.
'eba L*p /. (-ya; ). aba. cloak-like woolen wrap;
wide, straight-cut cloak of coarse wool (B). \also:
eb*e (•a/*eya; •§) (BK); 'ebe (B); [aba] Up (JJ)] < Ar
'aba’(ah) (o) c Lp [K/IF/JJ//A//BK//B]
’ebabet (EP-7) = worship. See ebabeti.
ebabeti f. (-ya; ). worship; religious
• •
devotion: *Ya dara miraza ... me hivi heye
weki tu ebabetiya me birneki (JB2-§amilov)
O tree of wishes ... we hope that you will not forget
our devotion, {also: 'ebabet (EP-7)) ?< Ar ‘ibadah
ojLp = 'worship' [EP-7//K/JB2]
'ebd jjap (K) = slave. See 'evd.
'ebdal JIjoap /ebdal Jljodj [IFb/OK] m.(Bw)/f.(OK)
(). quail, zool. Coturnix coturnix. Sor 'ewdai
= ’cock-partridge’ [Bw/RF//IFb/OK] <kew I;
k’erasu; lori I; por I>
ebe eXj tXj (BK)/’ebe <\P (B) = aba, type of woolen cloak.
See ’eba.
'ebori (Xrz) = girl's headscarf. See Kibri.
••
ebre§um (F) = silk. See hevirmi§.
'ebrik f. (). raft, {syn: kelek)< Ar V‘-b-r
[Haz]
ebri (GF) = girl's headscarf. See Kibri.
_ •*
ebro = eyebrow. See biru.
ebru ^^>*5 (A) = eyebrow. See birti.
ebukat (OK) = lawyer. See ebdqat.
ebuqat m.&f (). lawyer, attorney: *“Ez§
bibim rojnamevan. Na! Na! Ez§ bibim
ebuqat, an hakim an ji doktor” (Wit 2:103,
p.16) Pll become a journalist [when I grow up]. No,
wait! Pll be a lawyer, or a judge or a doctor, {also:
ebukat (OK)) <T avukat <Fr avocat <Lat advocatus
= 'lawyer, counselor [lit. 'one who has been called
up']' [(neol)Wlt/IFb//OK] <dadgeh; dozger>
'ebdr m. (-e; ). subsistence, sustenance,
livelihood, living, getting by; means of supporting
o.s. (B/JJ): -'ebdr kirin = a) to support (one's
family) {syn : debirandin): *Ji me§e dar dani
dihatin pe roj bi roj 'ebure zare xwe dikir
(Z-922) He brought wood from the forest and
supported his children with (=by means of) it; b) to
live, subsist (on stg.); -'ebure xwe kirin = to
keep o.s. alive, make ends meet: *Bi vi t'eheri
Clsib 'ebure xwe dike, namire (Ba) In this
way Joseph keeps himself alive, he doesn't die.
I also: [abour/oubour] jjk p (JJ)) {syn : debar) < Ar
‘ubur ^p = 'crossing, traversing' [Ba/Z-i/K/jB3/B/JJ] •
<abori; debirandin>
eburl (K)/'eburi (K) = living, life,
• a aa
existence. See abori [3].
ecayib (IFb) = miracle; wonder; strange. See
'eceb.
' ecem * /ecem [IFb/JB3] m. (). Persian,
Iranian (person): •Qu ba §ahe 'ecemo (EP-8) He
went to the Persian king; -jina ’ecem (K) Persian
woman; -zimane 'ecemafn] (K) Persian language,
language of the Persians, {also: [adjem] ^ (JJ)}
{syn: Far[i]s) < Ar ‘ajam ^ - 'non-Arabs, Persians’
[EP-8/K/B/JJ//IFb/JB 3 ]
'eceb /eceb [IFb/JB3] /. (-a;-e). 1)
marvel, wonder, wondrous thing (K/B/JJ); miracle
(JJ): •Kuro, ev ne eceb e. Eceb ev go
zilamek heye, j§ re dibejin B., di §evek§
de, hfttek ku§tiye K gel kele§ ji (L) Boy, this
is no wonder. A wonder is that there’s a man called
B. who killed a monster and 40 brigands, all in one
night; 2) {syn: qeziya) misfortune, bad luck (K):
• Te 'ecSb ani ser£ min (K) You brought/visited
misfortune on me •Box 'ecebeke wa ani sere
min (J) The bull brought a misfortune such as this
on me {lit. ’on my head'] •Mala we t 5 im8 'ecfib8
171
E
giran dest mala me dine (Z-l) Your family
always brings great misfortune on my family; 3)
[adj.] strange (IFb/JBl-S); 4) amazing (K/JB3/IFb);
5) amazed, astonished, surprised, speechless: -
'ec§b man (K/HH)/mayin (B/IFb) [+ ser] to be
amazed (at): *Ew fii§yar dibe ti. ser xewna
xwe 'ecev dimine (Ba-1, #21) He wakes up and
is amazed at (^troubled by) his dream •Mir ser
aqilbendiya tFsib 'eceb dimine (Ba-1, #22)
The emir is amazed at (^admires) Joseph’s
intelligence; 6) terrible (B). {also: ’acaib (JBl-S);
ecayib (IFb-2); ecev; 'ecev; [adjib / agiaib
vjiUf-] (JJ); <’eceb> (HH)) < Ar ‘ajib ^^p
[K/B/JJ/JB1 -S//JB3/IFb]
'ec§bmayi ^L~2o»*p /ec§bmayi [JB3/IFb]
• • ••
adj. amazed, astonished, astounded, surprised: -
'ecebmayi man = to be amazed at: *Bedewiya
qizikg 'ecebmayi dimine (J) She was amazed at
the girl's beauty, {syn: hey[i]ri; met’elmayil
[J/K//JB3/IFb] <’eceb>
ecev <_£o^/'ecev i^al^-ap = miracle; wonder; strange.
See 'eceb.
'ecibandin q^L^ap /ecibandin [JB3/IFb]
vt. (-'ecibin-). 1) {syn: begem kirin; k 5 ef hatin) to
like, appreciate (K/JB3/IFb): «Ya qiza hakim, te
ez ecibandim? (L) O princess, do you like me?;
2) (syn; begem kirin [4]) to choose, pick; 3) to
consider strange (IFb). {also: [adjibandin]
m c'ecibandin (di'ecibine) >
(HH)) < Ar a‘jaba IV = 'to please, find favor
with’ [Frq/L/K/JJ/HH//JB3/IFb]
ecini^y^^ (Z-2) = jinn, genie. See cin.
'ecizy^ap (Z-2) = unhappy; tired of. See aciz.
eci ^*5 f. (). grandmother, grandma, grannie, {syn:
dapir; pirik) [HB]
ecni (Z-2) = jinn, genie. See cin.
egi (Srk) = ring, hook. See hegi I.
'edab /edab [IFb/OK] f. (-a; ). pus,
matter, {also: edap (TF); edav (Hk); 'edeb (K); [adap
(G/Rh)] yl j) (JJ); <’edab> v 1ap (HH); <’edab> v Uap
(H ej)) {syn: k’em II; nem) [Hk//HH/GF/Hej//
IFb/OK//TF//JJ//K]
edap (TF) = pus. See 'edab.
edav J>) (Hk) = pus. See 'edab.
'edeb I /edeb V oj*j [IFb/JB3] /. (-a; ). 1)
{also: 'edebi II (B)) (good) manners, good breeding
(K/B/IF); politeness, courtesy (JJ/JB3): •'Edeba
§ehere wan usa bu (EP-4) Such was the custom
of their city [or Such were the manners.,.]; 2) [adj.]
polite, well-mannered, well brought up (B). {also:
[edeb] (JJ); <edeb> (HH)) < Ar adab =
' 'good manners' [EP-4/K/B//IFb/JB3/JJ/HH]
'edeb II dp (K) = pus. See 'edab.
edebiyat oLooj^ f. (-aye), literature: *Be§a
edebiyata klasik a instituyS li ser wan
dixebite (AW71D5) The Classical Literature
Department of the institute is working on them
•Ha§im Ehmedzade ji rojhilate wel§t e. Li
bajare Upsala rhdine u yek ji gend kesan
e ku li ser daba§en edebiyate §areza u bi
kapasite ye (AW69D3) Hashim Ahmadzadeh is
from the eastern part of the country [^Iranian
Kurdistan]. He lives in the city of Uppsala and is
one of several experts on matters of literature.
( also: 'edebiyet (K/B); 'edebyet (B-2)) (syn: weje)
< Ar adablyat olo j) = ' literature, belles-lettres’;
[IFb//K/B]
edebi I ojdj /'edebi [K] adj. literary:
•Kovara huneri, edebi u gandi Nudem bi
hejmara xwe ya 29'an derkete p£§beri
xwendevanen xwe (AW72B5) Nudem, the
artistic, literary, and cultural journal, has presented
its readers with its 29th issue, {also: 'edebi (K)) {syn:
wejeyi) [IFb/GF//K]
'edebi II (B) = good manners. See 'edeb [1].
’edebiyet (K/B) = literature. See edebiyat.
edebxane <0 Ut)0 J CU f. (). 1) (syn: avdestxane; avrej I;
golik III (Msr); da§ir (Dy); destavxane; qedemge
(Czr)) toilet, water closet, lavatory; 2) school (SK);
3) brothel (K). {also: 'edebxane (K[s]); <edebxane>
(HH)) [IFb/HH/SK//K(s)]
'edebyet (B) = literature. See edebiyat.
'edet oojap (K/B) /edet (F) = custom; habit. See
'adet.
'edil Jjap /edil JjaS [IFb/HB] f. (). 1) (syn: sebet;
zembil) large basket (HB); 2) [syn: sewi [1]) basket
used in gathering grapes (IFb/HH). {also: < c idl>
Jap (HH)) [HB/IFb//HH] <mekev>
'edilandin q^Jjap /edilandin [IFb/TF] vt.
(-'edilin-). 1) to arrange, dispose, fix up (K); to
organize, bring into order (K/B): *Saz H
sazbende* xwe bi’edlinin (Z-2) Set up your
sazes [musical instruments] and your saz players; 2)
to calm, pacify, soothe (K/B); 3) (syn: serfast kirin)
172
to correct (Mdt/IFb/TF). < Ar ‘addala II jl* - 'to
set in order' [Z-2/K/B/Mdt//IFb/JB3/TF]
'edr I jjas* (Zx) = land. See ’erd.
'edr II (GF)/ edr jjaj (IFb) = epilepsy. See 'edro.
’edro f. (). epilepsy, [also: adir (TF); edr (IFb);
'edr II (GF)} [syn: tep) = Sor fe lAg//GF//lFb//TF]
'efat oUas- m. (). hero, brave man (EP-7/B/K); warrior
(K): -'erfat u 'egit (EP-7) do.: • 'Erfat u ’egite
we [=Cizire] ’Erfan, C’ekan u Qeret’ajdine
(EP-7) Its [=Jezirah’s] heroes are Erfan, Chekan, and
Qeretajdin. [aiso:’erfad (EP-7); erfat (EP-7)} [syn:
'egit; feris; gernas; leheng; merxas; p’elewan)
[EP-7//B/K]
’efo pcxs* (JBl-A) = pardon. See 'efu.
'efrandin (K/B)/efrandin (Ber/F) = to
create. See afirandin.
efsane I a3LJaS = greedy; slnpid. See evsene.
efsene Ai A-4.3 Aj (K) = greedy; stupid. See evsene.
efsun q 33 ^Jc\5 (IFb) = magic. See efsuni.
efsfini i\ (-ya; ). magic, sorcery: •Em li ser
bane mala wi runi§tine u ew }i min re geli
xwe§i u efsuniya van deveran dike (Tof, 10)
We have sat down on the roof of his house and he
is describing to me the delights and magic of those
places, [also: afsun (IFb-2); efsun (IFb): [efsoun]
(JJ)} | syn: ser 1} Cf. P afsun =
'incantation?'; Sor efsun = 'incantation.
sorcery 1 [Toi7/K(s)/IFb/JJ[
'efu^cu,/efu^Aj [IFb/RZ f m.(K)/f.(B/SK/OK)
( ; /-ye, afye [B]). forgiveness, pardon: -afU
kirin (B)/*efo ~ (JBl-A)/’efu ~ (K/HH/OK)/'efw ~
(SK) to forgive, pardon [syn: bex§andin; lebonn; le
xwe§ bun) : *Le roja ku mevana min bu,
min je rica kiribu, ku keke min efu bike.
We j! soz dabtl min ku ewe te efu bike (KS.
p.9) But on the day that she was mv guest, I asked
her to forgive my (older) brother. And she
promised me that she would forgive you *Ya
xud§, to li me xo§ bi, qusura me 'efw key
(SK 9:90) O God, forgive us and pardon our fault.
[also: afu (B); ’efo (JBl-A); 'efw (SK); [afoul^ic- (JJ);
<'efu>j^ (HH)} <Ar ‘afw^is- = 'pardon'
[KS/IFb/RZ//K/JJ/HH/OK//B//JBl-A//SK]
’efw(SK) = pardon. See 'efft.
eg -faj (GF) = if. See eger I.
egal Jl f*5t (). large head kerchief worn while traveling
(IFb): • [After Mem and Zin’s death, P’eri-Xatun lost
interest in her household duties] Sibe Beta
evare, egaleke re§ xwe p’ega bft, ser
mexber dfir nedik’et (Z-l) From morning until
evening, sbe wrapped berself in a black [egal],
didn't go far from the graveside, [also: <’egal> JISS
(HH)} < Ar ‘aqal / ‘agal JU& = 'string tied around
the kaffiyeh (headdress) to keep it in place'
[Z-l/IFb//HH]
eger I jaTaj /'eger [K] conj. if: [-/- pres, indc .]:
•Eger ji te re gend quru§ lazim in, here
ser kursiya ziv rune, eze gend qurfi§a
bidim te (L) If you need a few cents, come sit on
the silver chair [and] I'll give you a few cents
•Heke birgi ne, bila bixwin (BX) If they are
hungry, let them eat; [+ past indc.] 9 Eger cilk§t
ba§ min ditin de bo te kirim (M-Ak) If I see
any good clothes I shall buy them for you •Heke
i§§ wi gu seri, dibejin ko siiida wi a ba§
bu (BX) If his affair goes over well, they say that he
had good luck;[+ pres, subj.] % Eker me bigirin
(M-Ak #562) If they should catch us •Heke pirsa
wan hebe, bila ve gave bejin (BX) If they
have a question, let them ask it now; [+ past subj.]
•"Eger te hind musa'ede kiriba, pigek
stukira xo ke§aba pe§ gawet min u careki
di di pe§ mirina xo da min gawet te
ditibana, pa§i bila ez miribam, da di dil§
min da nebite keser" (SK 2:15) "If you would
be so kind as to stretch your neck a little in front of
my eves so that I could see your eyes once again
before mv death, then let me die, there would be
no regret in my heart" *Kale rind, ez dizanim,
eger tu niha li ve dere, li nik masa min
buyayi, tu de bi van qisen min bikeniyayi
(MUm, 11) Kind old man, I know, if you were here
now. at my table, you would laugh at my words.
[also: eg (GF-2); eke (Z-3); erge (Z-3); erke (Z-3); ger
(GF-2); heger (JBl-S-2); hek; heke (OK-2); hek'e
(JB1-A&S-2); hek'er (JBl-S-2); hek’o (JBl-A-2);
herge (F); herke (Z-3); herke (EP-1); [egher] J\ (JJ);
<heke> a£& (HH)} (syn: weki [3]} Cf. P agar J\ —> T
eger; Sor eger j^aS [K//A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A&S/
SK/GF/TF/OK//HH//F]
eger II jaTaj f. (-a; ). 1) \syn: sebeb; sedem; u§t)
reason, cause: # Hebfina mezheb fi teriqetan
bi egeran ten izahkirin. Di ola §zidi de
eger@n hebtina van teriqetan, van
173
E
veqetandinan gi nin? (Wit 2:73, p.16) There
are reasons to explain the existence of the sects and
denominations. What are the reasons for the
existence of these denominations, these distinctions
in the Yezidi religion? «ji ber egeren diravi
(VoA) for financial or monetary reasons; 2) {syn:
bandur; t’esir) effect, influence. [(neol)Wlt/VoA/(GF)]
egid aJ*S (JB3) = hero. See ’egit.
'egit /egit [A/IFb/F] m. (). hero, brave
person: -’erfat u ’egit (EP-7) do.: • 'Erfat u
'egit§ w§ [=Cizire] 'Erfan, C’ekan u
Qeret’ajdine (EP-7) Its [=Jezirah’s] heroes are
Erfan, Chekan, and Qeretajdin. {also: egid (JB3);
egit (A/IF/F); [aghit oil /aghid aJI] QJ); <’egid> aJS
(HH)) {syn: ’efat; feris; gernas; leheng; merxas;
p'elewan) < T yigit = ’brave young man’; cf. also Ar
‘aqld = ’military leader’ [K/B//L/A/F/IFb/JJ//
JB3//HH]
egle ojfoo /’egle (B). 1) adj. late, delayed: -egle
btin (K/B/IFb): a) to be late, be delayed; to tarry:
•Ez hineki li de§t§ 'egle btim (B) I tarried for
a while in the field; b) to stop (vi.), come to a stop;
-egle kirin (F/K/B)/~xistin (K)/~existin (B): a)
to detain, delay: •Bibax§ine ... weki min tu
dayi eglekirine (K2-Ferik) Forgive me ... for
having delayed you; b) to stop (vtj, bring to a stop;
2) [f. ( ; 'egle [B])] delay; stopping, {also: 'egle (B);
[egle] <Jf1 (JJ)) (syn; giro) <T eglemek [Trabzon;
Kars; Cencige -Erzincan; *Agin -Elazig] = ’to cause
to stop' (DS, v. 5, p. 1680) + eglemek [*Nizip -
Gaziantep] = 'to wait’ (DS, v. 5, p. 1673) [K2-
Ferik/F/K/lFb/JJ//B] <dereng; xurcilin>
'ehd /ehd aa*S [K/IFb] m./f.(JBl-A&S) Q. 1)
agreement, treaty, pact; 2) promise; 3) {syn: sond)
vow, oath: -ehd xwerin (K)/kirin (K) to vow,
swear; 4) legal document. {also: [ahd] (JJ)} < Ar
‘ahd = ’promise, pact' [JR/JBl-A&S/JJ//K/IFb]
ehl Ja*j m. (-£; ). inhabitant, resident: «Ez zanim
tu ne ehl@ vi ci ye (L) I know you're not a
resident of this place (=You're not from around
here), {also: [ehl/ ahl] JaI (JJ)} < Ar ahl JaI = ’folks,
people’ [L/Z/K/IFb/JJ] <xelq>
eine (F) = mirror. See 'eyne.
eini (F) = same. See 'eyni.
••
ejnu jJjaS (A/GF) = knee. See ejnfl.
ejnti f. ( ). knee: *Ji bo ko ez bi tevger il
nezaniyeke xwe vi ciyfi miqedes
ney§§inim hedika li ser herdu ciniyan
rildinim (Tof, p.16) In order not to disturb this
holy place by my movements or by ignorance, I sit
on my knees, {also: cini (Tof); ejnu (A/GF); jenu
(GF-2); jinu I (K); juni (IFb-2); [ejnoujjjl/hejnou
jJjA/jinoUjJj] (JJ)) (syn; gok; kabok) Cf. P zanu
jjlj; Sorejnopj-d [Tof//IFb/JJ//A/GF//K]
eke (Z-3) = if. See eger I.
Ek’rad m. Q. 1) Kurd: 2) Kurds (coll.): • [di
niv(a) Ekradan] (JR) among the Kurds, {also:
K’urd; [ekrad] J\ (JJ)) < Ar akrad j! JS , pi. of
kurdl 'Kurd' [JR/K/IFb/JJ] See also K 5 urd.
Ela "ioj (EP-7) = God. See Elah.
Elah ni . (-e; ). God, Allah: «Tu elae xwe (EP-
7) ?God he with you. {also: Ela (EP-7); Ele (B); Eleh
(B); Ella (F); Elle (B); Elleh (B)) {syn: Xwede) < Ar
Allah olLM [EP-7/K/B/F]
'elam ; / -e). notification, informing
(K/HH); report (B): -'elam kirin (K/JJ) to notify,
inform; -’elem dan fk-e (Z-3) to inform s.o.,
report stg. to s.o.: •Hineki xweyi-x£r hene,
digin 'elem didine mir (Z-3) There are some
good people, they go and inform the emir, {also:
'elem (Z-3); [elam kirin] /W (JJ); <'elam>
(HH)) < Ar i‘lam pN^J = 'informing' IZ-3//K/B/HH//JJ1
'elamet /elamet [IFh] f. (). 1) {syn:
cab) report, news, notification (K/B); 2) (syn;
beyanname; daxuyani) declaration, announcement
(K/IF): *Al-p’a§a 'elameti da §ehere
Mxurzemin§ (EP-7) A.p. had it announced in the
city of Mukhurzemin ...; 3) signal (K/IF); sign,
omen (JJ); 4) Koranic verse (JJ). {also: 'elameti (EP-
7/B); [elamet] (JJ)) < Ar ‘alamah iu^--> T
alamet [EP-7/B//K/JJ//IFb]
'elameti (EP-7/B) = report; declaration; signal.
• •
See 'elamet.
'elb /elb [AB/IFh/TF] /. (-a;-e). 1) (syn;
dewl I; helgin (Kr§); satil; sitil) wooden bucket, pail
(K/IF/JJ): *Elb§ bine, ez gelek§ bido§im (AB)
Bring the bucket, so that I can milk the cow; 2)
{also: ’elbik (Erh/Frq-2)) (syn; fitre) unit of measure
for grain, dry measure, c. 12-13 kg. (IFb/HH/Msr):
•Teyr got "Te ’elbek garis bidi min, eze
b§m.” Go, "Bi qirar ez§ du 'elb bidim te"
(PS-I:13, p.32, 1.23-24) The bird said, "If you give
me a measure of millet, I will come." [The other
one] said, "I’ll even give you two measures." {also:
174
elbik (Erh/Frq-2); [alb] (JJ); <’elb> ^J .* (HH)1 cf.
Ar ‘ulbah «*Jp = 'box, can' [AB/IFb/TF//K/JJ/
HH/GF/Msr/Frq//Erh] <mencelok; zerik [2]>
elbane (IFb) = tambourine. See 'erebane.
elbet (K/IFb) = of course; absolutely. See
helbet.
'elbik «JJ*p (Erh/Frq) = unit of measure for grain. See
*elb[2].
Ele (B) = God. See Elah.
Eleh (B) = God. See Elah.
'elem ^.Jap (Z-3) = notification, report. See 'elam.
elep’arge adj. into pieces, limb from limb:
-elep’arge kirin (EP-7) to tear limb from limb:
•Ez§ te li ’erd§ xim, elep’arge bikim (EP-7)
I’ll throw you on the ground and tear you limb
from limb. [EP-7]
elfabe (K/JB3/IF) = alphabet. See alfabe.
’elimandin /elimandin [IFb] vt.
(-’elimin-). 1) { svn: fer kirin; hel dan/kirin; hin
kirin) to teach, instruct; to educate: •Wi ez
’elimandim[e] Inglizi (Bw) He taught me English
[=Wi Inglizi ni§a min da]: 2) to accustom (JJ);
3) to correct (JJ). laiso: 'eliin dan (JBl-S);
[alemandin] ^ joUp (JJ); <'elimandin ,jjoUp
(di'elimine) (<\^Jpj)> (HH)}
[K(s)/JJ/HH/Rh/Bw//IFb//JBl-S]
'elim dan u'V (JBl-S) = to teach. See ’elimandin.
’elimin /elimin [IFb] vi. (-’elim-). [+
dat. constr.] 1) {svn: fer bun; hin bun [hin I]; hu
kirin (Kg)) to learn; 2) (sra: hin bun [hin I]; rahatin)
to get used to, grow accustomed to. {also: c’elimin
(di'elimi) ( C5 «Jp.j)> (HH))
[Srk/K(s)/HH/Rh/Bw//IFb]
elind /. (-a;-e). dawn, sunrise, daybreak: -gel
elinde (Bw) at dawn. | syn: berbang; ferec; sere
sibe; spede; §ebeq) [Bw/IFb] <hingur>
elifba loLJ (Ber)/ elifba I^Jap (B) = alphabet. See
alfabe.
elifbe (IF) = alphabet. See alfabe.
elifbe (A) = alphabet. See alfabe.
elih m. (). 1) {sj^n: teyre bazi (K)| eagle
(K/A/JB3/JJ/Mzg) ; 2) (syn: ba§ok; baz I) falcon,
zool. Falco (IFb/HH). {also: elo (OK); eloh (IF/OK-
2); eluh (GF-2); eluh (K); eylo (JB3/GF); hull (Mzg);
ilho (Bw); [elouh] ojJ) (JJ); <eloh> ajJ) (HH))
probably a borrowing from P aloh <01; Proto-IE
*(H)rgi-p(t?)-yo-; Skt rji-pyd- = ’immediately soaring
175
high’ epithet of syena- = 'eagle, falcon’; O Ir *rzifya-
; Av arazi-fya- m. - 'eagle' (< arazu- = ’straight,
direct 1 ); Old P *ardufya-; Mid P aluf; P aloh <J);
Y
Sor helo Hau hefu m. (M4); cf. also Arm arcui
inpimh /arciw wp&|>L . See: III. Arcui “aigle”
in: Charles de Lamberterie. “Armeniaca I-VIII :
Etudes lexicales,” Bulletin de la Societe de
Linguistique de Paris, 73 (1978), 251-62; R.
Schmitt. “Der “Adler” im Alten Iran,” Sprache , 16
(1970), 63-77. [K/JJ//A//OK//JB3/
GF//IFb/HH//Mzg//Bw] <kurt II; sisalk; xertel>
elk’an = wave. See elk’an.
Ella YJ (F) = God. See Elah.
Eile aJJc^ (B) = God. See Elah.
Elleh aaKaS (B) = God. See Elah.
elo(OK) = eagle; falcon. See elih.
eloh (IFb/OK/HH) = eagle; falcon. See elih.
'elok Jj^Jap /elok [IFb] f. (). turkey (fowl).
{svn: buqelemun (F); coqcoq; culux; kufkur; §ami]
[Msr/Bw//IFb]
eluh (K/JJ) = eagle; falcon. See elih.
em pdJ pm. (me), we; us; our. {also: [em] (JJ)} Cf. P
male; Sor erne Za ma [BX/K/A/IFb/JJ/B]
’emal JL<^p m./f.(Z-l) [-e/ - a; ). 1 ) work, business,
occupation; livelihood: • Ve care §ole wi we
’emele wi bi negir (M-Zx #756,p.350) Then his
work and livelihood became hunting; 2) concern,
preoccupation, trouble, worry: -’emale seri ...
biln = to be a cause of concern: *Ez xwexa
zanim, iroda tu 'emela sere mini (Z-l) I
know (for myself), today you are trouble to me
•Hiln emale sere wi ne (L/K) You are a thorn
in his side; You bring him nothing but trouble; You
cause him nothing but grief, {also: 'emel (K/B/Z-
1/M-Zx)) < Ar ‘amal 0 Lp = 'work' [L//K/B/Z-1/M-
Zx]
eman (SK) = container; dish. See aman.
emanet (-a; ) (Z-3) = entrusting [of an object] for
safekeeping. See anemeti.
'embar jL-ap /embar [IFb/F] /. ( ;-£).
storehouse, depository, depot, warehouse;
storeroom; granary: *Kuro, t’8 T ft derdangfi
xwe binin werne imbare, xwera nan
dagirin (Ba3-3, #36) Boys, bring your sacks and
receptacles and go to the storehouse and fill them
[=sacks, etc.] with bread [i.e., food]; -'embar
kirin (Zeb) to store, {aiso: ambar (A/IFb-2); enbar
i
E
(IFb-2); imbar (Ba3-3); <’embar> jL** (HH)} <Gr
amphoreus a^opeij^ & Lat amphora = 'ancient
Greek vessel with two handles for storing wine, oil,
honey, or grain’: Ar/P anbar jlpl = ’storehouse’;
Hau hemar m. (M4); T ambar; Rus ambar aM$ap
[Ba3//K/B/HH/GF//A//F/IFb]
emeg = food; work. See emek.
emek m. (-e ; ). 1) ( syn : xwarin} food [K/B]
< T yemek: -Emeke min li te helal be (K) Bon
appetit! (see also [2]}; 2) (syn: xebatl labor, toil,
worl (K/IF/JJ) < T emek: -emege cotane (L)
gram, e.g., harley [lit. ’the (fruit of] labor of
plows'];-Emek§ min li te helal be (K) May my
labor bring you benefit (see also [1]}. {also: emeg;
emeg (L); emek (K-2); [emek] JL! (JJ) } [Z-l/K/IFb/JJ/
B//L]
emekKeram m. (). good-for-nothing,
scoundrel (EP-7): •Gel! emekKerama, zu
rabin, /Meme ji minra brindarkin (EP-7) O
scoundrels, quickly get up, /Wound M. for me.
{syn: qe§mer; sakol; t’ewt’ewe} < emek = ’food’ +
fieram = ’forbidden’ [EP-7]
’emel (K/B/M-Zx) = work; worry. See ’emal.
’emilandin /emilandin [IFb] vt.
(-’emilin-). to use, employ, utilize, {also:
[amilandin] qj (JJ); <’emilandin
(di’emiline) (HH)] {syn: hi kar anin;
xebitandin (1]) < Ar ‘amila = ’to do’, cf. also
ista‘mala X ='to use' [Msr/K/B/JJ/HH//IFb]
emir I /'emir [K/B] m. (-e; ). 1) (syn:
ferman; ferwar II; hukum [2]) command, order:
-emir kirin (K) to order, command *Emr! ser
celagiya kiriye (L) He issued a command to the
executioners; 2) permission, leave: *[Le ’emre
ku§tine nine] (PS-I) But [you] don't have
permission to kill [him], {also: [emir] ^.1 (JJ); <emr>
(HH)) <Aramr^d [F/JB3/IFb/JJ//HH//K/B]
<desthilat>
'em«ir II /emir II ^>*5 [B] n?. (*re; ). age, life:
•’Emr§ te gend e? (Bw) How old are you?
•Emr§ wi heft sal in (L) He is seven years old;
-’emir kirin (B) to live, thrive, live [long enough]
to see: *Bira ’emir bike ...! (B) Long live ...!
•Te Eevt§ sal 'emr kirye, tu pireke herfi
(EH) You have lived seventy years, you are a
doddering old woman, {also: [oumr] ^ (JJ);
<’emr>^ (HH)) {syn: ji III) < Ar 'umr
[L/K/JB3/IFb//JJ//B//HH] <sali>
'emirdirej adj. longlasting, long-lived:
-'emirdirej bun (Kemal Burkay) to be long-lived,
last a long time: •’emirdirej bi! (K) I wish you a
long life! *Pi§ti w§ ji, disa tevger me ava
kir, gend salan bere, he§t rexistinen Kurd
biln, me hevra gelek wext kar ji kir, 1§ ew
ji 'emirdirej nebu (Kemal Burkay) After that,
again we formed movements, a few years earlier
there had been eight Kurdish organizations, and we
worked together for a long time, but that too was
not long-lived (i.e., did not last forever], {also: cf.
[oumr-i dirij] (JJ) = longevity) [Kemal
Burkay/K] c'emir II>
enbar jLj<3u (IFb) = storehouse. See 'embar.
encam /. (-a;-§). 1) (syn: axiri; dawi; k’uta[si])
end, conclusion: -di encame de (Wit) finally, in
the end: encame de ji bo hilgirtina van
peywiran (wezifeyan) ev endam hatin
hilbijartin (Wit 1:36, p.5) In the end, these
members were elected to carry out these duties; 2)
result, outcome. <P anjam Sor encam
[(neol)Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF] <k’uta>
endam m. (-e; ). 1) limb, organ (of the body)',
2) member (of an organization , etc.): *Di encame
de ji bo hilgirtina van peywiran
(wezifeyan) ev endam hatin hilbijartin (Wit
1:36, p.5) In the end, these members were elected
to carry out these duties •EndamSn malbata
min ji min hevi dikirin ku ez zaningehe
biqedinim, bibim xwedi peywir ft
alikariya abori bi wan re bikim (Wit 1:35,
p.16) Members of my family expected me to finish
college, get a job, and help them out financially.
{also: [endam] jJjj) (JJ)) P andam^^l = ’stature;
body; limb, organ'; Sor endam = ’limb,
member (lit. & fig.)’ [Wlt/K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF]
<berendam>
'en'ene I ni. (). 1) ego[t]ism; 2) haughtiness,
arrogance: -'en'ene kirin (K) to be haughty,
behave in an arrogant manner: *Be§era w§ xwe§
dibe u bi tehereki 'enenekirine disa F min
dinihere (K2-I 7 erik) Her mood improves and she
looks at me in an arrogant manner. <Ar ananl
= ’egotistical' <ana td = T [K2-Ferik/K]
176
V
’eni /eni ^*5 [F/A/JB3/IFb] f. (-ya;-ye). 1)
mm mm
( syn: navg’av; ne’tik (Kr/Kp)) forehead, brow:
•Eniya hespe magi kir (L) He kissed the horse's
forehead; 2) {syn: cephe) front (mil.), front line,
battle front: •Qerargeha Hevalbendan a
mezin li Eniya Behra Spi (RN) The main
Allied headquarters on the Mediterranean front.
{ also: eni (L); heni (Krg); [ani/ eni] ) (JJ); <eni>
(HH)) <*anlcaka-, cf. Av ainika- = 'face'; Mid P
anlg = 'front, forehead’ (M3); P plsam (pes-anl)
(M. Schwartz: <*patlcya- + anlka-): Baluchi
anlsay = ’brow, front, fate'. See: G. Morgenstierne.
“Notes on Balochi Etymology,” Norsk Tidsskrift
for Sprogvidenskap, 5 (1932), 40, reprinted in:
Irano-Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, 1973), p.151 |K/I3/Rh//F/A/JB3/lFb/JJ/HH//
L//Krg| <g’6re>
eninivis o. destiny, fate, [syn: bext;
*garenivis; qeder II; yazi) < 'e]ni = 'forehead' +
nivis- = 'to write' = that which is written on one's
forehead, i.e., one's fate, cf. P sarnevest T
ahn yazisi, Arm cakatagir tfiuijunmnqpp [Haz]
eni§k (JB3) = elbow. See ani§k.
eni$k (M-Am) /’eni§k (K/B) = elbow. See
ani§k.
'ent’eri m. Q. traditional woman’s outer
garment, short in front and long in back, with full
length sleeves: •Delme-'ent’eri bejne bun (Ba-
1, #17) Dresses fit her well [according to Rus tr.].
{also: [enteri] (JJ); <’enteri> (HH)| <Ar
‘antarT = 'brassiere; bodice, corsage' [<‘antar
name of the hero of an early Arabic epic.]: T
entari = ’(lady’s) dress; Arab’s loose garb' [Ba-'l/
B/JJ/HH] <delme: dere>
enzel (HR-I) = raised platform. See herzal.
ep’§ce adv. quite, rather: •ep’ece rasti-duz
(Ba2) quite level [of groundl # Ewi gele 'erd
digirt u ep’Sceyi dhri gund bh (Ba2:l, p.203)
It occupied a lot of space and was quite far from
the village, [also: ep’ece (B)} < T epeyce [ep =
(intensifying particle) + eyi/iyi = good’ + -ce =
(adverbial suffix) [Ba2//B]
epri ^^*5 (Nsb) = girl’s headscarf. See fiibri.
’eql (HH/SK) = intelligence, sense. See aqil II.
erav (Haz) = soapy water. See arav.
*erbab j /’erbab Jj [K] m. (-e; ). 1) [syn:
armanc; mebest; merem [11; net [4]1 goal, aim;
desire, wish (K); 2) reward, recompense (L):
•Erbabe wan giye? (L) What is their reward?; 3)
expert, one skilled in a matter (IFb). [L/K/IFb]
erbane (A/Tof)/'erbane (GF) = tambourine.
See 'erebane.
’erd /erd [ A/JB3/IFb] m.(K/J/Ba/B/Bw)/
f.(J/Dz/Z-l) (-e/-a;-i/e). earth, land, ground:
(JB3: m. = earth [soil]; f. - earth, land, world,
territory): •'Erd weke k’axaza cigar§ bilind
buye (Ba) The ground has risen like (=by the
width of) a cigarette paper «Vi ’erdi, vi ezmani,
min nebiriye! (J) By this earth, by this sky, I
haven’t taken [them] [an oath] *Gae xwe ani,
dani erde (J) He took his bull and placed him on
the ground •T’ae Osib ser li ’erde dimine
(Ba) The scalepan with Joseph [in it] remains on the
ground *Ser§ gur k'ete ’erde (Dz) The wolfs
head fell to the ground; -bin erde (L)
underground; -li ’erde dan (Msr) to knock over
(on purpose), drop vt. ( syn: tera kirin): *Min ew
hilda u li ’erde da (Msr) I picked him up and
knocked him on the ground [cf. Ar aqama wa-
aq‘ada ] ; -li bemi ’erda (Bw)
everywhere, {also: 'edr I (Zx); [ard] ) oj)i
< Ar ard = 'land, earth’
[J/Ba/K/B/JJ/Bw//A/JB3/IFb//Zx]
'erdhejandin (B) = earthquake. See
’erdHejin.
erdlieji (F) = earthquake. See ’erdhejin.
'erdhejin /erdhejin [IFb] /.
( ;-e). earthquake, {also: erdlieji (F); ’erdfiejandin
(B)) \svn: belelerz (F/K); bibelerz; ‘erdlerzin;
zelzele) [IFb//F//B]
’erdlerzin g^. Jj Jj f (). earthquake, {syn: belelerz
(F/K); bibelerz; erdhejin; zelzele) [K]
’ereb uo j /ereb [A/JB3/IFb] m.&f. ( ; /-6).
Arab; 2) Negro. Black, {also: [areb] (JJ)) < Ar
‘arab v pi. of‘arabi [Z-i/K/jj/B//A/jB3/lFb]
’ereban^e u oj /erebane *0 L oj Aj [OK] f.
(•a;*§). tambourine: *Li ber defa sing@ xwe
erbaneyek§ bi e§q d hunereke wel§
diricifine (Tof, p.7) He shakes a tambourine in
front of his chest with such passion and skill, {also:
elbane (IFb); erbane (A/Tof); ’erbane (GF);
<’erebane> (HH)) lAh/A/Tof//HH//lFb//OK//GF)
<def>
’erebi adj. Arabic. [K/IF/B]
177
E
er§ adv. yes. {also: [eri / heri *] (JJ)) (syn:
bele) Cf. P are ojT; Sor ere = 'yes'
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B]
'erfad jUj^ (EP-7) = hero. See 'efat.
’erfat ol(EP-7) = hero. See 'efat.
'erfit (Z-3) = jinn. See ferEit.
erge dfjoj (Z-3) = if. See eger I.
erimu§ (IS) = silk. See hevirmi§.
erini <\S adj. disobedient, rebellious: *Ev pigilke
ye erini (Zeb) This child is rebellious. [Zeb/OK]
erinin vi. (-erin-). to refuse to obey (of
children J; to refuse to give up fa fight). [Zeb] ccene
girtin; xezirin>
erke (Z-3) = if. See eger I.
Ermen (K) = Armenian. See Ermeni.
%
Ermenestan (jU-Jj (Ba2) = Armenia. See
Ermenistan.
Ermeni ^^*5 m. (). Armenian (person) : -jina
ermeni = Armenian woman; -zimane
ermeniya[n] = Armenian language, {also: Ermen
(K-2); firmeni (K-2)) (syn: File [2]) [K/JB3/lFb/B]
<Ermenistan; kirung; misilmeni>
Ermenistan f. ( ;-e). Armenia:
-Respftblika SovStieye Sosialistieye
Ermenestane [RSSE] (Ba2) the Soviet Socialist
Republic of Armenia, {also: Ermenestan (Ba2))
[Ber/K/JB3//Ba2]
ermu§ = silk. See hevirmi§.
'em /ern [A/JB3/IFb] m./f.(JB3) (-e/-a; ).
anger, indignation; irritation; fury, anger, rage:
•Erna wi dani (JB3) He calmed down; -'erne
fk-§ Tab-Qn/'ernd fk-e pe girtin (XF) to fly into
a rage, {also: [arin] (JJ)) [sj'n: hers)
[EP-7/K/JJ/B// A/JB3/lFb]
eruk (GF/JJ-Lx) = plum. See herilg.
ervaz (HH) = uphill slope. See hevraz.
'erz I jj** /erz j j*j [IFb] /. (-a; ). honor, esteem:
-'erza fk-1 §kandin (HR-I)/~ §kenandin (K) to
reprimand severely, scold, bawl out {syn:
berhingari fk-e bun); to dishonor: •Rabu 'erza
min §kand ft got: kur£*m, gima hetta
foj bil, ti nehti, te nego? Ve §ev§ eze gi
kime §te [=ji te]?” (HR-1 2:33-34) He scolded me
and said: “My boy, why didn't you come tell me
this while it was still daytime? What can I do for
you now that it's nighttime [lit. ’this evening']?”;
-'erz d hila (XF) one's honor, one's wife and
children, {also: [irz] j* (JJ)} <Ar ‘ird =
'honor, good repute’ [HR-l/K/GF/XF//IFb//JJ]
<hurmet [3]; m'erifet; namus; qedir I; rez II; rumet;
§eref>
erz II j (F/GF) = cedar. See wurz.
erzan j ijaS adj. cheap, inexpensive, {also: arzan (K-
2/B); herzan (K[s]); [erzan] jlj j) (JJ); <erzan> jljjl
(HH)) Cf. P arzan Sor herzan = 'cheap'
(arzani; erzani) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH//B]
erzani j*5 f. (). cheapness; low price, {also: arzani
(K-2/B); <erzani> L5 3)j J ) (HH)) [K/A/IFb/HH//B]
<biha; erzan; giran>
'erze ojj<^ (K/B) - petition. See ‘arize,
erzen joj j*S f. (-a; ). chin, {also: erzen (IFb); erzink
(IFb-2); erzin (BX/GF); erzing (GF-2); erzinik (BX-
2); erzink (Bw); [arzenk] Jbjj (JJ-G); <erzen> qJj)
(HH)) {syn: argu§k; gene; geng 11 [l])
[BX/GF// A/HH//IFb//JJ-G//Bw]
erzel (RF/IFb)/'erzel (GF/HH) = raised
platform. See herzal.
erzen qjJj+j (IFb) = chin. See erzen.
erzink (IFb) = chin. See erzen.
erzin (BX/GF) = chin. See erzen.
erzing Jjjj(GF) = chin. See erzen.
erzinik JLu.Jjaj (BX) = chin. See erzen.
erzink JL ,jjaS (Bw) - chin. See erzen.
esas^L^/'esas [K] m./f.[SK-2[ (-§/ ; /-e).
basis, foundation: •Lazim e eke em bikujin u
deynine bin esase p’ire da da p’ir xo
bigiritin (M-Zx #774) We must kill someone and
put her under the foundations of the bridge so that
the bridge may hold itself *Mezheb§ ko esas§
wi li-ser wan terze delilane bit weki
diware ser cemede ye (SK 60:713) A religion
which is based on this type of proof is like a wall
[built] on ice. {syn: bingeh; him) < Ar asas
[SK/lFb/OK//K]
'ese /ese *-vaj [F] adv. 1) [sjnr helbet [2]; miqim
(F); mitleq (F); teqez) absolutely, without fail,
undoubtedly (K/A): »Eze ese bem (F) 1 will
absolutely come »Gere tu 'esei mera bey,
yan£ na, eze sere te l§xim (EP-7) You
absolutely must come with us, or else I'll chop
your head off; 2) really (K); seriously (A/IFb); 3)
constantly, always (K). {also: eseh (A/IFb); 'esei
(EP-7); 'esse (K); esseh (IFb-2)) <Ar asabi^l =
178
E
'more correct', elative (comparative) of sahlh
[EP-7/B//F//K//A/IFb]
eseh aa~aj (A/IFb) = absolutely; really; constantly. See
'ese.
'esei (EP-7) = absolutely; really; constantly. See
»»
’ese.
*'esil J-*ap /esil J-*aS [IFb] m. (). 1) origin: -esl u
nesl (IF) essence, true form; 2) family; tribe; 3)
nature, character; 4) basis, foundation; 5) original
(as opposed to a copy), {also: esl (IFb-2); [asil]
(JJ)I < Ar asl jJ) = root, origin' [Z-l/K/B//IFb/JJ/F]
’esir /esir^ai [L] f. ( ;-e). 1) late afternoon;
sunset, dusk: •Dinya esr e (L) It is afternoon
•heya hukm§ esir = until the afternoon
•ji esir ft pe ve (L) from the late afternoon on;
2) afternoon prayer time (Islam); 3) epoch, era,
period, i also: esr (L-2/IFb); [asr] (JJ)! < Ar ‘asr
^ [L//K/B/JJ//IFb] <serdem>
esker jaCaj f'e sker j^Cap [B/SK] m. (-e; ).
1) 1 syn: serbaz) soldier; 2) \syn: arte§; le§ker; ordi)
army, [also: ’esker (B); [esker] (JJ); <’esker>
^£~p (HH)) < Ar ‘askar ,^£~p [?<P lasgar
-> T asker [Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/GF//B/JJ/HH/SK]
esl J_~aj (IFb) = origin. See 'esil.
esl u nesl J-~a3 3 J- a 5 (IFb). See ’esil.
esman ^L-aj /’esman qL-ap (K/SK/HH) = sky. See
'ezman I.
espab pi. arms, weapons; armor; equipment,
outfit: •k’inc ft espabe xwe (FK-eb-1) his
clothing and equipment. < T espap or esvap =
'clothes' < Ar atwab pi. of tawb -
'garment' [FK-l/K]
espehi ^a-^a? (L) = pretty, beautiful. See spehi.
esr j-vAj (L/IFb) = late afternoon. See ’esir.
'esse (K) = absolutely; really; constantly. See
’ese.
esseh (IFb) = absolutely; really; constantly. See
’ese.
estere oja^aI = star. See ster.
ester ^IuaJ (A) = star. See ster.
estir[e] [aL-^a? = star. See st6r.
esturi (A) = thickness; coarseness. See stftri.
’e§ef AP (RF) = weed(ing). See a§ef.
'e§ir^AP (K/HH/OK)/ ejtr^AS (IFb/TF) = tribe. See
’e§iret.
'e§iret do^-»- iAp /e§iret oo [IFb] /. (-a;-S). tribe;
large tribe ... composed of qabiles [qebile] and
thaifes [t’ayfe] (from JR, p. 1, note la): »Xwe
berde nava ’e§ira giran (Z-2) Betake o.s. to the
large tribe, {also: e§ir (IFb-2/TF); 'egir _>^ap (Z-
2/K/OK); [achiret] o_^p (JJ); [achire] o_^tp (JR);
<’e§ir> _^p (HH)) For a detailed discussion of the
Kurdish tribal system, see: Martin van Bruinessen.
Agha , Shaikh and State : The Social and Political
Structures of Kurdistan (London: Zed Books,
1992), esp. chapter 2: “Tribes, Chieftains and Non-
tribal Groups,” pp. 50-132. [Z-2/K/HH//JJ/SK/GF/
OK//IFb//JR] cbinemal; icax; obe; qebile; t’ayfe>
e§iya (K/EP-8)/'e§iya L-j;ap (B) = thing; goods.
See e§ya.
e§[kev]t ojaCsaJ (A) = cave. See §keft.
e§q /’e§q [IS] f. (-a;-£). 1) {syn: dildari;
evinfdari]; hub) love, passion (F/K/IF/JJ): •’Emir§
xwedS e§qa Mecrfim ser saz bft (EP-5, #10)
By God’s decree, Mejrum loved [to play] the saz [a
stringed instrument] *Li ber defa sing§ xwe
erbaneyeke bi e§q hunereke wel§
diricifine (Tof, p.7) He shakes a tambourine in
front of his chest with such passion and skill; ~e§q
it mecal (EP-7) propitious and joyful [time]; -e§q
it muKbet (Z-l)/’e§q-miKbet (IS) love, passion:
• ji e§q u mufibeta Zine (Z-l) out of love for
Zin; 2) happiness (B). [also: [ascka] (JJ-G);
<’i§q> jixp (HH)) < Ar ‘isq --> T a§k
[Z-l/F/K/IFb/B//HH//JJ]
e§ya L^aJ /’e§ya L^ap [B] in. (). 1) {syn: ti§t) thing,
object; 2) ( syn: mal II) merchandise, wares, goods:
•bikirgiye e§yayed bazirganba§! (Ba)
customers of the caravan leader's wares, {also: e§iya
(K/EP-8); 'e§iya (B-2); he§iya (IS); he§iya (F)) < Ar
asya’ cLil = 'things’, pi. of say’--> T e§ya =
'belongings, goods' [Ba/IFb//EP-8/K//B//F]
r etar jLap /etar jLaS [Wlt/IFb/TF] m . ( ; et@r). 1)
perfume seller (HH); 2) {syn: dik’andar) shop
keeper, keeper of a general store (IFb/OK); 3) [syn:
gergi) peddler [or pedlar], hawker, itinerant
salesman (TF): «Ev rew§a han Kurdistan ani
bira me ku etar[e]k dihate gund, inca jin§n
gund li ser sere etar kom dibftn (Wit 2:103,
p.16) This situation made us remember how, back
in Kurdistan, when an itinerant seller came to the
village, the village women would gather around
him. [also: [atar] jlhp (JJ); <’etar> jlkp (HH)) <Ar
‘attar jlixp = 'seller of ‘itr Jb* (perfume), perfume
179
E
vendor’; Sor ’etar jUap = 'keeper of general store'
[Wlt/IFb/TF//JJ/HH/OK/Bw]
'etb (EH) = shame. See 'et’ib.
etba Uaj /'etba Ip* a* [K] f.(K) (). 1) (archaic according
to K) posterity, descendants; 2) followers (JR):
• [MeKmed beg bi xwe ji neh-deh xulam ti
etba buye] (JR) Mehmed beg himself had nine or
ten servants and follwers. [also: [etba] ^Ip) (JJ)) < Ar
atba‘ ^Lp'l pi. = ’followers’ [JR/K/JJ]
'et’ib ^Jap f. ( ;-e). shame, disgrace: -dayin 'et’ibe
(B) to shame, put to shame; to reproach; -'et’ibe
(B) It is shameful or disgraceful; -Pirsa 'et’ib te
t’une! (XF)/Pirsa *etb[e] t’unebe (EH) = a)
Excuse me! Pardon me!: •Qiza min, pirsa
'et’ib te t’unebe, tu kiyi? (XF) My maiden,
pardon me, [but] who are you?; b) without an
ulterior motive, in a straightforward manner, [also:
'etb (EH); <’etib> (HH)) [syn: fedi; fehet; sosret
[2]; §erm) <Ar ‘atb = ’censure, blame, rebuke’
[EH//B/HH/XF]
etimxane ajI^jaS (Ba2) = orphanage. See et’imxane.
eto p+5 (M-Ak/SK) = you (sing.), thou. See tu I.
etun j aS (IFb/GF) = limekiln. See hetun.
ev oaS dem. adj. (vi [m.]; ve [f.]; (e)van [pi.]), this,
(pi.) these: *Ev gi ye? = What is this? *Ev du roj
in (JB3) Two days ago. [also: va II (Ad); [ew] J)
(JJ); <ev> Jil (HH)) <0 Ir ima- (M, v.l, p.220): O P
ima- = ’this' (Brand); Sor em p<P (Sulaimania &
Kerkuk) [BX/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH] <ew; han>
evandin jjjli'Aj vt. (-evin-). to love, like: *Wah§
pivazan dievine (AB) Pigs love onions, [also:
’ecibandin; Kebandin) Cf. viyan = ’to want, to like’
[AB/IFb] <evin>
'evd jjap /evd jJaj [JB3/IFb] m. (-e; ). 1) [syn:
bende; beni I; kole) slave; servant; 2) {symbende;
beniadem; insan) human being: -'evde Xwede
(Dz) do.; -'evd n isan (EP-7) do.: «Eva neziki
gil roj ti gil §eviye, ez re t§m, he g”eve
min li 'evd ti isana nek'etye (EP-7) It’s nearly
40 days and 40 nights that I’ve been on the road, I
haven’t set eyes on a human being. I also : ’ebd (K);
[abid] Jw*p (JJ); <’evd> j^p (HH)) < Ar ‘abd j^p =
'slave' [B/HH//K//JB3/IFb//JJ] <cari; xulam>
'evdesxane Aj ji'AP (Ur) = toilet. See avdestxane.
-eve as a- psp. re-, again, back: verbal suffix
in dica ting repetition , limited to so u them
(Behdinani) dialects : *Here ti neh§yeve! (Bw)
Go and don’t come back!; -guneve (Bw) to go
back inside, get stuck inside the threading canal
(said of a drawstring [doxin])\ -guh I§ bdneve
(Bw) to hear again, to hear an echo: •Min denge
xo guh le buve (Bw) I heard an echo (My voice
came back to me); -vekirineve (Bw) to reopen;
-vexwarineve (Bw) to drink again. Sor -ewe oja-
[IFb/M/Bw/Dh/Zeb] <ji nu ve>
evin a5 (K) = love. See evin.
evindar jl jljaS (K) = in love. See evindar.
evindari (K) = love. See evindari.
■ ■
evin! ^aJ = love. See evin.
• •
evin q-J’aJ f. ( ;-e). l) [syn: dildari; e§q; hub) love:
•Wan herda bi evineke §irin hevdu Kiz
kirin (Z-l) The two of them fell in love [lit. ’liked
each other with a sweet love’] *Bi van xebered
eviniy^va (Z-l) With these words of love; 2)
woman's name, [also: evin (K); evini; evini (Z-l);
evinti (Ba3-3): hevin; [ewin / hewin (jJi&] (JJ):
<evini> LS ^J) (HH)) Cf. viyan = ’to want, to like’
[AB/A/IFb/B/JJ//K//HH] <evandin; viyan>
evindar adj. in love with [+ ezafeh]:
• Eywax gul bti evindara bilbil / ... Delala
evindara pismame / Zeriye evindara
pismame (KHT, p.201) The rose has fallen in love
with the nightingale / ... The beauty is in love with
her [male] cousin / The girl is in love with her
[male] cousin Jsong]. [also: evindar (K)) [syn: a§iq
[1]; dilk’eti) (evindari; evindari)
[KHT/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK]
evindari f. ( ;-ye). love, being in love: # Ji
all evindariye de tu bi talih i (LC, p.88) As
far as love goes, you are lucky, [also: evindari (Kj)
[syn: dildari; e§q; fiub] [LC/IFb/B/GF/TF//K]
<evindar>
evini (Z-l) = love. See evin.
evinti ^ppi'Aj (Ba3-3) = love. See evin.
• •
evor (GF) = young male goat. See hevflri.
*evran jl(). poplar tree, bot. Populus. [also:
hevran (IFb-2); hewran II (IFb-2)) [syn: qewax;
sipindar) [IFb] <pelk>
evraz jl (Bw/IFb/GF/OK) = uphill slope. See
hevraz.
evrist o— J<£ (IF/JJ) = juniper tree. See hevris.
evri aj (GF/OK)/’evri c5 ^'ap (Zeb) = girl’s headscarf.
See Kibri.
evroj^Aj (Zx)/evro j^jaj (JBl-A) = today. See iro.
180
Evropa (Ba2) - Europe. See Ewrupa.
evsale (Zeb) = this year. See isal.
evsene adj. greedy, selfish; insatiable:
• Benemen ji mina Osive bird xwe yeki
evsene bH, ewi zere Mire Misre dizi (Ba3-3,
#39) Benjamin was a greedy one like his brother,
he stole the gold of the emir of Egypt, \also: efsane
I; efsene (K)) levseneti) [Ba3/B//K] <gikus; giruk>
evseneti ^< 0 L ( ;-ye). greed, selfishness;
insatiability. [B] <evsene>
ev§eve *$+£345 (Zeb) = tonight. See lgev.
ew^ pm./dew. adj. ([e]wi [m.]; [e]we [f.]; [ejwan
[pi.]). 1) [pm.]:
a) he, she, it: they/"in direct case, as subject of vi. or
non-past tense vt.; in oblique case , as subect of past
tense vt.]: [Efe]: *Ew gelek memnun bu ji mir
u mir ji gelek Tazi bu ji wi (SK 7:76) He was
very grateful to the chief and the chief was very
pleased with him • Wi ji di bedena xwe de ew
his dikir (AW69B1) He could feel it in his body;
[She]: *Ewa, dile min difiebine, / Ew li vir
nine, / Li Cizira Bota dimine, / Ew qiza
mir Sevdine (Z-l, p.49) The one my heart loves.
/ She is not here, / She lives in Jizira Bota, / She's
the daughter of mir Sevdin *Ewe zanibu, weki
Memeyi xeribe, k’eseki wi t’une (Z-l. p.60)
She knew that Mem was a foreigner, that he had 110
one: [It]: *Ew gend sefiet bun, weki Meme
hatibd (Z-l, p.54) it was several hours since Mem
had come; [They]: •^ima ew kurdi naxwazin?
(AW69A3) Why don’t they want [to study]
Kurdish? •Ew se ne, ez bi-tine, ez newerim
e wan (SK 8:79) They are three and I am alone,
so I’m no match for them;
b) him, her, it; them [in direct case, as direct object oi
past tense vt.: in oblique case, as direct object of
non-past tense vt. or as object of prep.I : [Him]:
•Di nugeye de li ser kesayetiya Seroke
INC’e ye here A. Q. hatiye rawestandin.
Tigte ku ji nugeye derdikeve ev e ku
CIA’ye ew weki seroke hezen dijber en
Iraq§ berpirsiyar kiriye, 1@ di rastiya xwe
de li ser gele Iraqe tu bandora wi nin e
(AW69A6) In the news, the personality of the
former INC leader A. Ch. was discussed. What
comes out in the news is that the CIA made him
responsible for the Iraqi opposition forces, but in
truth he has no influence over the Iraqi people
•Rezewan gehegt e wi, be suwal-h-cewab
da ber berikan, weto kuta hemi gyan@ wi
feg-u-gin kir, ew ji li we-dere niw-miri
hela (SK 8:84) The gardener came up to him and
without further ado set about him with the shovel,
beat him until his whole body was black and blue,
and left him there half-dead; [Her]: *Weki ew
Zina S§vdin bibe, ewe ji bike cariya w£
(FK-eb-2, p.299) He should make her [=Beko’s
daughter] the maidservant of Sevdin’s Zin when he
marries her; [It]: *Wi ji di bedena xwe de ew
his dikir (AW69B1) He could feel it in his body;
[Them]: •Zine cahil bft, usa ji Meme, evini
usa ew biribun, weki giliye Bek’oye
qomsi t’exsir nekirin (Z-l, p.57) Zin was
young and naive, so was Mem, and love had
brought them to the point where they could find
no fault with the words of Beko the slanderer;
c) his, her, its; their [oblique case, immediately
following ezafehf: [His]: *pi§ta wi = his back;
[Her]: • dile w§ = her heart *Kegeke wi heye
nave we Fatime ye (AW69B4) He has a
daughter, her name is Fatima; [Their]: *ji dest@n
wan = from their hands;
2) [dem. adj.] that, those: [Eger ew miri mer e] (BN,
285) If that dead person is a man ... •Page Mem§
itqat bu, weki ew Cizir e, ya ko ew dixaze
(Z-l, p.52) Then Mem was sure that that Jizira was
the one lie wanted *Wi ji ew agir§ ku li
welate wi peketibu, gig bi gav§n sere xwe
didit u dijiya (AW69B1) He saw with his own
eves and experienced that fire which broke out in
his country, [also: owna (Ad/Ag) = ’they, them’;
[eou]^ (JJ); <ew>jUHH)) <0 Ir awa- (M, v.l,
p.220); O P ava- = ’that’ (Brand); Sor ew=
'lie/she/it; that’ & ewan = ‘they’
[BX/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH] <ev; han>
ewan I = they; them; their. See ew [1] & wan I.
’ewan II /ewan II [A] adj. troublemaker,
scheming: -Bek’irS ’ewana (XF): a) name of the
villain of the tragic story of Mem u Zin, who has
become a proverbial symbol for treachery and
troublemaking; known in Sorani as Bekirf
Mergewer [also: Beko ’ewan (JBl-S)l; b)
troublemaker; c) two-faced person, hypocrite;
schemer; one who is cunning, treacherous,
181
E
deceitful, {also: awan (K/JBl-S); [avan] (JJ);
<’ewan> (HH)} <Ar ‘awanl ='traducer,
spy’ (Hava) (’ewani) [HH//JJ//K/JB 1 -S//A] <altax;
destkis; gelac; qumsi; t’ewt'ewe; xwefiro§>
ewana (B) = they; them; their. See ew [1] & wan
I.
'ewani f ( ;-ye). troublemaking, slander:
•Hege tu fesadiy@ ft li bebextiyS H li
'ewaniye digeri, t§ b§yi mala min (Z-2) If
you are looking for corruption, disloyalty, and
slander, come to my house, [syn: altaxi; gevezti;
qumsiti; §ef II[2]; §ilt’ax) [Z- 2 ] c'ewan II>
'ewe ^ 3 ** f. (). lane, alley: *Li zikaka u li
ewcane (L-v. 2 , Sebri) In the streets and alleys.
[L/Dh] <dirb I; kolan II; k’uge>
ewey ^ 03 ^ conj. & prep, since, ever since: «Tu ve
soKbete tb§ji, ewey roja Xod§ kirime
rizq§ te ft Keta nuhu te gu cara ev ti§tet
hosa nekirine H negotine (JBl-A #14,102)
These things [lit. 'this talk'] you are saying, ever
since the day God gave me to you, you have never
acted or spoken like this, {syn: jell I; ji ... u vir de;
jirki) [Zeb/Dh/Bw/JBl-A]
ewe ^ 5*5 = she; her. See ew [ 1 ].
’ewil Jj** adj. first; primary, initial, {also: ewle II (Z-
3/K-2); 'ewili; ’ewilin; 'ewlin (B); 'ewlin (B-2); [avil]
Jj] (JJ)) (syn: pe§in; sift (Ad); yekem] < Ar awwal
J 3 I = ’first' [Z-3//K//B//JJ]
'ewili Jjap ~ first. See 'ewil.
'ewilin = first. See 'ewil.
ewir (F) = cloud. See 'ewr.
ewi ^*5 = he; him. See ew [ 1 ].
•«
ewk 4 ** prn. thingamajig, thingamabob,
whatchamacallit, what’s-his-name, used to fill in the
place in the sentence of a word that one has
forgotten for the moment, which forgotten word
one often remembers by the end of the sentence
[Cf. T §ey, P £lz j-o*, Sor hin]: *Wi ewle a min
dit, qelema min dit = He found my
whatchamacallit, my pen. {also: ewke (A); <ewke
J^l/ewk 41 > (HH)) [Msr/IFb/HH//A] <behvan;
filan[kes]>
ewke £(A/HH) = whatchamacallit. See ewk.
#■
ewl*e I f. (• a; ). trust, reliance, confidence:
•Ew b& ewle ye (Msr) He cannot be trusted
•Ewla min li te nae (Msr) I don't trust you.
(also: ewlehi (Wlt-2); <'ewlehi> ^ 3 * (HH)} |syn:
bawer[i]) [Msr/IFb/GF/TF/OK//HH] ebawer;
itiqad>
ewle II (Z-3/K) = first. See 'ewil.
ewled m. (-§; ). child; offspring: -ewled u
tewled (K)/ewled-t’ewled (Z-l) do.: # Ewled-
t'ewled£ wan M. t'en§ bti. (Z-l) Their only
child was M. alone *Ne ewled@ p’ad§e hebu,
ne t'ewlede p’ad§£ hebd (Z-921) The king had
no children at all. {also: [evlad] (JJ)) {syn: kur II;
law; mindal; zaro) < Ar awlad j%), pi. of walad 4
= , boy , -> T evlat = child' [EP-7/Z-921/K/IFb/B/JJ]
ewledar jijdJjoS (IFb/GF) = reliable. See ewlekar.
ewlehi ^4*5 (Wit) = trust, confidence. See ewle I.
• •
ewlekar adj . reliable, dependable,
trustworthy: •Li gor hin gavkaniyen ewlekar
(Wit 1:49, p.3) According to reliable sources, {also:
ewledar (IFb/GF)) {syn: it’bar [3]; saxlem [2]}
[(neol)Wlt//IFb/GF] <ewle I>
ewlekari f (-ya;-ye). security: *Hezen
ewlekariya dewlete (Wit 1:49, p.5) State
security forces. [(neol)Wlt/IFb] <ewlekar; tenahi>
'ewlin (B) = first. See 'ewil.
'ewlin (B) = first. See 'ewil.
ewna (Ad/Ag) = they; them. See ew [lj.
ewqa b(B) = so (much). See ewqas.
ewqas ^bj^J adv. so, so much, as much: »ewqas
bedew (Z-l) so beautiful (that...); -giqas...ewqas
(or-..,usa ji) as...as; the...the: •Meme giqas
bexem b£t, Al-p’a§a ewqas besebir dibfi (Z-
1 ) M. was as carefree as A. was impatient *Ciqas
Meme zindaneda diKeliya usa ji Zina delal
diha ze’f bona Mem§ xwe diKeliya £1
dip'eriti (Z-l) The more M. "melted" in prison,
the more darling Z. melted and pined for him;
-ewqas ji [+ neg.] = not so very... , not all that...:
•SiyarS n£g 5 ire hela ji §eher aqas ji d£tr
nek'etibtin (Z-l) The hunting party had not yet
gone all that far from the city, (also; aqas; ewqa (B-
2 ) ; ewqeys(e); haqas; hewqas) {syn: hind & hinde;
ewqedr) [Z- 1 /K/A/IFb/B]
ewqedr jjaSj * 5 adv. so » so much, as much. (sy27; hind
& hinde; ewqas) [JB3/OK]
ewqeys[e] [4 ja3ja 5 = so (much). See ewqas.
’ewr ^ /ewr ^*5 [A/JB3/IFb] f(F)/m.(K/B/JB3)
( ;-£/ ). cloud, {also: ewir (F); hewr (K[s]); [aour]
(JJ); <’ewr> (HH)) (sy23:hecac; p'elte) [Pok. mbh—
ro- 316.] 'cloud':' Skt abhr&- n. ='(thunder)cloud’; O
182
Ir *abra-: Av a|3ra- = ’(thunder) cloud'; Mid P abr; P
abr Sor hewr^Aj*; Za [h]ewr m. (Mai); Hau
hewr m. (M4); cf. also Gr ombros opppo$ & Lat
imber, m. = 'thunderstorm, heavy rain’
[F/K/B/HH//A/JB3/IFb/JJ]
ewrazi ^1 ^*5 (SK) = uphill slope. See hevraz.
««
ewro jjjoo (SK) = today. See iro.
Ewrdpa f. ( ;-y§). Europe, {also: Evropa
(Ba 2 )| Cf. Ar urub(b)a L^t T Avrupa
[Ber/Ba2/JB3/IFb/BK]
’ewte’ewt/’ewte-'ewt [K] o^cOj^/ewte-ewt [F]
O 3 AJ f. ( ;-e). barking, howling, yelping. | syn:
bile-bil (F); gele-gel (F); gewte-gewt (F); kastekast
(B); kute-kut (F); fey in II [F//K//B ] <kuzkuz>
‘ewtin ^y^/ewtin [IFb/JJ/GF/TF) vi.
(-'ewW-ewt- [IFb/JJ/GF/TF]). to bark, howl, bay
(of dogs): *Dema ew pisik weki kugikan
bihewte, ew pisikSn din we birevin u we
her yek bi ciheki ve bibezin u belav bibin
(AW69B8) When that cat barks like a dog, those
other cats will scamper and run every which way
•Se di c ewte, k’erwan dige (B) [Although] the
dog barks, the caravan goes on [prv. cf. T 'it iiriir
kervan yuriir'f. {also : hew tin (AW); [auti<n>]
(JJ) 1 [syn : dirin II; kastekast kirin; reyin I) Cf. Ar
‘awwa II ^ = ’to bark’ [AW//K/B/GF//IFb/JJ/TF[
exlaq l m. (). 1 ) character; 2 ) [syn: singi) morals,
ethics, [also: [ekhlaq] (JJ)) <Ar axlaq jYit =
'character; morals', pi. of xulq = 'innate
character’; cf. also T ahlak; Sor exlaq =
’personal character’ [K/IFb/JJ]
exsir (JBl-S) = prisoner. See hesir I.
exte m./m.&f.(B) (). 1) 1 syn: hestir II; qa[n]tir]
mule (K); 2 ) castrated horse, gelding (A/IFb/JJ);
horse (MK 2 ). [also: axte (MK 2 ); exte (lFb- 2 ); [ekhte]
(JJ)) Cf. P astar yJ; Sor estir^~2J
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ//MK2] <hesp; k’er III>
exterme (A/IFb) = horse-stealing; booty- See
extirme.
extexan*e f. ( ;•§). stable (for mules).
[also: [akhtakhane] (JJ)) [syn: borxane (EP
7); t’ewle) [EP-7/K/JJ]
extirm*e ^ f. ( ;•§). 1) horse-stealing, horse-
thievery (K); 2) plunder, booty, spoils of war
(especially in stolen horses) (A): •PencI extirme
inandibu (EP- 8 ) He brought in (=captured) 50
horses • [Suleyman Axa ... ser§ Zeman Xani
je kiriye u bi xer ji wi ji sed seri ji
’eceman je kiri d qedereki je esir kirine <1
orddya wan ji yexma kiri tl ji s£ sedi
jortiri esp extirme istandi] (JR #39,121)
Sulaiman Agha ... beheaded Zeman Khan and
besides him he beheaded 100 Persians and took as
many prisoners, and despoiled their army and took
more than 300 horses, [also: exterme (A/IFb);
[akhtarma] ^(JJ); <extirme> ^yod (HH)( < T
aktarma = ’transferring’ & ahdarmah/ahdarmak ( 2 .)
[Kars; Ortakoy *Sarki§la -Sivas; Diyarbakir;
*Hozat -Tunceli; - 1 - Central Anatolia & Black Sea
coast] = ’to mix up, overturn, upset' [kan§tirmak,
altiist etmek, gevirmek] (DS, v. 1 , p. 128)
[EP-8/K/B/HH//A/IFb/JJ]
extubar j u a < ~V cVj (Bw) = reliable. See lt’bar [3].
’eyai JL** /eyal [IFb] m.(K/SK)/f.(OK/JBl -
S)/pl.(JBl-A) (). dependent(s), family members
depending on one for support, i.e., wife and
children; »Jin d bigdk d ’eyal§ kur£t Os§
hemi gdne tekya §ex c Ubeydullah. Ew ji
qewi xurt bu; kuret Cindi Axa gazi kirin,
gar-sed lirae c usmani ji wan stand, da
’eyale kuret Ose (SK 40;387) Tbe wives and
children and families of Oso’s sons all went to
Shaikh Ubeidullah’s convent. He was very .
powerful: he summoned the sons of Jindi Agha and
took 400 Ottoman pounds from them and gave
them to the families of Oso’s sons, [also: 'eyal (JBl-
S); <‘eyal> JL* (HH)1 [svn: k’ulfet [2]; zar u zeg;
zaro-maro; zav-zegl <Ar ‘iyal JL* (pi.) =
’dependents, family (depending on s.o.’s support ) 1
[Bw/Snd/K/HH/JBl-A/SK/OK//IFb//JBl-S]
<k’ulfet; malbat>
’eyan /eyan qLoj [IFb] ad}, l) {< Ar ‘iyan qL*}
evident, apparent, obvious, clear; 2 ) well known;
3) f< Ar a‘yan pi. of ‘ayn - ’eminent
man’ ) [syn: cindi [3]; giregir) [m.[ nobleman,
aristocrat, [also: <’eyan> jLc- (HH)) [K/B/HH//IFb]
’eyar I jLap /eyar jbyu [A/IFb/OK/AD] m. (-§;
'eyer, vi ’eyari). goatskin sack for storing milk,
cheese , etc.: *Here iyareki nd bine (RN) Go
bring a new goatskin sack, [also: ayar (TF); iyar
(RN); [aiar] jL* (JJ); <’eyar> jLy (HH)) {syn:
’eyar§irk; me§k) <Ar ‘iyar jL& = 'standard measure,
standard, gauge’ [RN//K/B/JJ/HH/GF//TF//
A/IFb/OK/AD] <’eyar§irk>
183
E
'eyar II jLap: -'eyar kirin (A) to adjust, tune, set up.
< Ar ‘iyar jLp = gauge, standard measurement'
[Wr/A]
'eyar§irk a* f (-a; ). goatskin sack for storing
milk, cheese , etc.: -a§irka §iri (Bw) do. {also:
a§irk (Bw); ayar§irk (A/IFb); ’ey§irk (B); <’eyar§irk>
(HH)) (syn: 'eyar I; me§k)
[Bw//K/HH/[GF]//A/IFb//B] <’eyar>
’eyd •xjap / eyd Jo Aj [A] f. (-a;-e). (Muslim) holiday:
-'eyda Qurbane (DM) the Feast of Immolation,
Greater Bayram, ‘id al-Adha. \also: [ei'd] (JJ)) <
Ar ‘id j^s- [DM/K/A/B/JJ]
eydi ^jo a 5 (IF) = more; still. See §di.
eylo jLaS (JB3) = eagle; falcon. See elih.
’eyn <jj a* adj. balanced, equal; exact: *Tirazi 'eyn
e (Bw) The scales are balanced or equal. < Ar ‘ayn
= 'eye; essence’ [Bw/OK] cmezin; t’erazi>
’eyn»e /eyne ajjaS [IFb] f. (•a;*§). large
mirror. {also: eine (F); 'eynik (Dy/Ur/Klk); cf. also
[’ainik] J-up (JJ-PS) = 'pane of glass’) (ayn: hell;
nenik I; qoti I (B§k)) <P a’Ine <u-jT—> T ayna
[K/B//IFb//F//Dy] See also ’eynik.
eynekiri ^^Taij •<£ adj. covered with mirrors: *Ew
ot’axe garnikal eynekiri bftye (Ba-1, #17)
That room was covered with mirrors on all four
sides. [Ba]
’eynik /eynik aS [LC] /. (-a;-e). 1) mirror;
2 ) pocket mirror (£nr/Msr); 3) large mirror \as
opposed to nenik = 'small mirror'} (Czr/Wn).
{also: ’aynik (Wn); cf. also [’ainik] JLup (JJ-PS) =
'pane of glass’) [Czr/£nr/Dy/Klk/Msr/Ur//Wn//LC]
See also 'eyne.
’eyn! I ^ap /eyn! I ^ aJ [Wit] adj. 1) same,
«• ••
identical, one and the same: *Ew rya tu li ser
ya Ciz!r bi 'eyniye (EP-8) The road [which] you
are on is the same/very road to Jezirah (=the road
you seek) *Iro ti§tek li kudera dinyaye bibe
bila bibe, mirov di eyn! roje, heta eyni
saet£ di kSliyeke de p£ dihise (Wit 1:37=38,
p.2) Today wherever in the world a thing may
happen, one finds out about it on the same day,
even in the same hour, in an instant; 2) genuine,
authentic, real; 3) exactly: -'eyn! weto (SK)
exactly, just so. {also: e ini (F); [aini] (JJ)) < Ar
‘ayn = 'eye; essence' —> P --> T aym [EP-
8/K/B/JJ/JB1 -A/SK//F//Wlt]
Eyni II ^ aS (SK) = Friday. See Ini.
’ey§irk .Jj-jSj ap (B) = goatskin sack. See 'eyar§irk.
eyvez ja&a$ (JB3/OK) = ready. See eywez.
eywan a! (IFb) = reception hall; foyer. See heywan
I.
ez jaj pm. (min/mi [L/Ad]). I, me: *Ez bernedam
zik (Ad) 1 was not let in (or, They did not let me
in); -ez beni/ez xulam (M) I am your servant, at
your service, {also: e (Ad); [ez/ ezi] j] (JJ); <ez> jl
(HH)) (eziti (A)) ez: [Pok. eg- 291.] 'I (pronoun)’—>
Proto IE *Eeg-oH(m) ~ Proto Indlr *EegH-om: O Ir
*azam: Skt aham; Av azam; Old P adam; Sgd
(a)zu; Mid P an; Za ez (Todd); cf. also Arm es fcu;
OCS azu; Lat ego; Gr ego eyco; Old Eng ic; min:
[Pok. 1 . me- 702.] 'ohlique form of first person
singular personal pronoun'->*E(e)m-: In P and Sor,
derivatives of this form have replaced the forms
derived from *azam: P man Sor min ^
[BX/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/SK] <min I>
'ezet oo jAP /. ( ;-e). honor, respect; hospitality: -
'ezet kirin (B) to be hospitable, to receive
(guests); -'ezet-ik’ram (XF) do.; -'ezet-qulix
(XF)/ezet-qulix (F)/qulix ft 'ezet (K): a) honor,
respect, deferential treatment; b) care, attention,
looking after: *0sib ... wana tine mala xwe,
wanra ezet ft qulixe dike (Ba- 1 , #29) Joseph
... brings them home [and] looks after them, {also:
[izet (kirin)] o_> (JJ); < c izzet> o> (HH)) <Ar ‘izzah
= 'power, strength; honor, glory’--> T izzet
[Ba-l/K/B//XF//F//JJ//HH]
’ezet-ik’ram J_^52 JooJa& (XF) = honor. See ’ezet.
’ezet-qulix O0jAP (XF)/ezet-qulix ooJa 5 (F) =
honor. See 'ezet.
'ezil Jjap: -’ezil kirin = a) to put aside, remove; b)
to depose (a monarch) , remove from office,
topple: *[D!san! ji Mehmed beg! ditirsa ku
Weli Pa§a 'ezil bikin ft Mehmed beg bibite
mire Xinise] (JR) But he was still afraid that
Mehmed beg would depose Well Pasha and that
M.b. would become the emir of Hinis. {also: ezl
kirin (IFb)) < Ar ‘azl = removal’ [JR/K//IFb]
eziti ^jXjJaS f. (). egoism, egocentrism. [A]
'eziz jjJac. /eziz j^jaS [IFb] adj. dear, beloved:
•'eziz§ min (Z-l) My dear (m.) *Gazi jina xo
kir, "Zft be, do§ek ft balgan da-n§ ft
zadeki xo§ hazir ke, ko mftwaneki zor
'eziz bo me hatiye" (SK 8:82) He called to his
wife, "Hurry, set out mattresses and cushions and
184
E
prepare some good food, for a very dear guest has
come to us.” {also: [aziz] (JJ)1 \syn: heja I[3];
xwe§tivi) < Ar ‘azlz [EP/K/B/JJ/JBl-A/SK//IFb]
ezl Jj*S (IFb). See 'ezil.
'ezman I /ezman I [F/A/JB3/IFb/Msr]
m./pl.(Msr) (-e; 'ezmen/'ezmin, vt ’ezmant).
sky, heaven(s): *Vi 'erdi, vi ezmanx, min
nebirtye! (J) By this earth, by this sky, I haven’t
taken them! [an oath]. {also: asiman [IF); asman
(SK); azman (Msr- 2 ); esman ; 'esman (K/SK- 2 );
[asman] jLJ (JJ); <’esman> (HH)) {syn:
§argeh) [Pok. 2 . ak- 18.] 'sharp; stone’: Skt asman-
m. = ’rock, cliff; heaven’; Av asman-* = ’stone;
heaven’; O P asman- m. = ’sky, beaven’; Mid P
asman (M3) & Manichaean asman (Boyce); P
aseman jLJ; Sor asman jLJj; Za azmi f (Todd);
cf. also Gr akmon <xk[iu)v = ’anvil’. See: M.
Schwartz. “The Old Eastern Iranian World View
according to the A vesta,” in: The Cambridge
History of Iran (Cambridge, Eng. : Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1985), v. 2 , p. 642; J. Peter Maher.
“*H a ekmon: c (Stone) Axe and c Sky’ in I-E/Battle-
Axe Culture,” Journal of Indo-European Studies, 1,
iv (1973), 441-62; reprinted in his Papers on
Language Theory and History , 1 (Amsterdam : John
Benjamins, 1977), pp.85-106.
[B/SC//IF//SK//K/HH//F/A/JB3/IFb] c’ewr; kevir>
ezman II (Bw)/’ezman II (SK) = tongue;
language. See ziman.
’ezman-direj JL JjLjA* (SK) = talkative; impudent. See
zimandirej.
’ezman-direji (SK) = talkativeness;
impudence. See zimandir§ji.
185
►*-.
• i ii
eciz (B) = unhappy; tired of. See aciz.
ecizayi (B) = being unhappy; exhaustion. See
••
acizayi.
8di adv. 1 ) more; still; already; then; 2) [syn:
•#
diha [3]} [+ neg.] no longer, not anymore; not yet:
•fid! em nagin ber gem (AB) ?We won’t go
down to the river anymore; ?We're not going down
to the river yet; 3) now. See idt. {also: eydi (IF- 2 );
idi (EP-7); ida (K/B); ldi; [eidi] (JJ)}
[BX/AB/A/JB3/IF/JJ//K/B] See also idi. <nema>
edika ISjjJj (L) = slow(ly); quiet(ly). See hedi.
§gan q[S is m.&f. (). nephew or niece, {syn: *brarzi [f.];
brazi; t’lza; xwarz!) < T yegen [Ad/Srk(Za]]
6g*e *£L C f. ( ;•§). file (tool), rasp: -ege kirin (K/B/JJ)
to file down, {also: [eghe] <\£l (JJ)) {syn: k’artik;
*qewre (A/IF); = Sor s[u]wan j ) < T ege
[F/K/B/JJ] chesun; renin; sutin>
§k I JZS pm. (). those who... . {also: ye(d) [ko]) [BX]
<jek; lek; pek/vek; tek>
ek II cJy (JBl-A&S/Bw) = one. See yek.
ekdi ,vS 13 = each other. See 6kfidin.
•»
ekdu = each other. See ektidin.
ekeye ^*£5 (JBl-S) = first. See yekem.
eke jjh (JBl-A/Bw) = first. See yekem.
••
ekser (JBl-S) = completely; at once. See yekser.
£k§em = Sunday. See Yek§em.
ekudi jjjSlS = each other. See Skfldin.
Sktidin prn. each other, one another. (Eastern
dialects-BX) . {also: ekdi; ekdu; ekudi; ekudu(du))
{syn: hev; yek [3]) [BX] See also yek [3].
ekudu jj^Si S = each other. See ekddin.
ekududu= each other. See ekudin.
§1 Jis f (-a;-e). 1 ) (nomadic) tribe; the people
belonging to one family or tribe (JJ): *fil gd
zozanan (AB) The tribe went to the summer
pastures •[Htin digel elated xwe bar bikin u
bigine sinora Rom@] (JR #39,120) Pack up and
go with your people to the frontier of Turkey
•Nava ela bigerinin (EP- 8 ) Wander among the
tribes, {also: [el JjI, pi. elat o^j.1] (JJ)) < T el/il =
'people, tribe'; Sor el Jl5/‘el Ji* = 'tribe'
[AB/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF] <gel; icax; tayfe>
§lk 5 an qI£ 1 is m. (-£; ). wave(s) of the sea : •filk’anG
dila ji §lk’an@ be’ra gurtire (Dz-#453) The
waves of the heart are mightier than the waves of
the sea [prv.] •Xort berj§r nh§ri, §lk’an§
be’re rabune, xu§e-xu§e aveye (EH) The
young man looked down [and saw] the waves of
the sea rising, [and heard] the rushing of the water.
{also: alkan (Rwn); elk’an) [syn; mewc; p’el) Cf. T
yelken = 'sail'—> [ielken] (JJ) + elk’en (B). If this
etymology is valid, then perhaps the meaning was
changed from sails to waves due to the lack of
familiarity of most Kurds with the sea.
[EH/Dz//Rwn] <behr; k’ef>
Elun Q&iXi (GF/TF) = September. See lion,
emane (K/B) = approximately. See §m§.
emeg jfiduy (L) - food; work. See emek.
emek (K) = food; work. See emek.
em§ prep, about, approximately, around: •Em
eman§ penc kilometran gdn (K) We went for
approximately five kilometers •Emane seheteke
ez hiviya te btim (K) I waited for you for about
an hour •fime du sefieta k’afirara teme §er
(Z-821, p.132) I will fight the infidels for about two
hours, {also: emane (K/B-2)) [Z-821/B//K]
emi§ J^cZ .? m. (). 1) {syn: ber V; fiki; mewe; *xuzar)
fruit(s) (Ag/K/JJ/B): »Antep t’iji emi§ e (Ag)
[Gazijantep is full of fruits »Wi Pieyami §mi§i
bol bfi, em diziva dik’etne baxa, me emi§
didizya, carna ji xweyed hine baxa gune
xwe li me danin, izna me didan, weki em
emi§ed ji dara k’eti: zerdela, seva, Kuliya
u §d dine xwera berevkin (Ba2-4, p.224) At
that time [of year] fruit was abundant, we would
sneak into orchards and steal fruit, and sometimes
the owners of some orchards would take pity on us
and allow us to pick fruit which had fallen from the
tree: apricots, apples, plums, etc.; 2) {syn: deramet
I; dikak; he§inati; p’incar) vegetable(s) (K); 3) melon
(B). {also: [eimich] c jiwoA (JJ)) < T yemi§ = 'food'
[Ag/F/K/B/Jf] <balete>
£)mo 3-o1j m. (). Man's name .
eni (L) = forehead. See 'eni.
Sp’eri y m. (-y§; ). tramp, vagabond, vagrant,
hobo; ragged fellow: •Eva ep , erty§ han ji k’u
hat? (IS-315) Where did this tramp come from?
[IS/K(s)]
ep’ece (B) = rather. See ep’Sce.
eprax (SK) = stuffed grape leaves. See iprax.
186
5WfT^“
§qin qJK adj. sure, certain, doubtless: -@qin kirin
(JBl-S) to convince, persuade, {also: yeqin (K);
yeqim (B)) < Ar yaqln [EP-7/JB1-S//K//B] See
also yeqin.
erat’i ^’1 JS (K) = women’s headscarf. See herati.
erdim f. (-a;-e). place, spot: *Beri bisteke ji
w§ §rdim§ bi ddr dikeve ft dige CizirS (JB2-
O.Sebri/Rnh 14[1943] 8-9) In a moment he goes
far away from that place and goes to Jezira *Dema
digihe erdima ko §er le (JB 2 -O.Sebri/Rnh
14[1943] 8-9) When he reaches the spot where the
lion is. [syn: ci; der I; dever I; dews I; §un|
[JB2/Rnh/GF/OK]
Erevan (Ba 2 ) = Erevan. See Rewan.
eri§ jJJ (IFb/OK) = attack. See eri§.
£ri§ JiJ' (“ a » )• aback, assault: »firi§a gur pez
ditirsine (AB) The wolfs attack scares the sheep;
-eri§ birin [ser] (K/IFb)/~dan (A/IFb)/~ kirin
(K/IFb) to attack, [also: eri§ (IFb/OK- 2 ); heri§ (Bw);
[eirouch] J_^>) (JJ)) ( 57 / 1 : hucum[kirin]) Sor heri§
J.Jjt> = pelamar jL'V-u [AB/K/A/JB3/GF/TF/OK //
IFb//JJ//Bw] <§ebeyxun>
firmeni (K) = Armenian. See Ermeni.
erwe (SK) = on this side. See herve.
Srxat oU-^j in. (). agricultural worker, farmhand.
[syn: mi§ag (IF); p’ale [2]; pi§kftri (IF)| Cf. T lrgat =
unskilled worker’ < Mod Gr erghatis cp*y=
’worker’ [IF] <k , arker; xebatkar>
esir^-Jo (L) = tears. See hestir I.
esturayi (A) = thickness; coarseness. See
stftri.
e§ jy ! /. (-a;-e). 1 ) [syn: derd; jan) pain: *fi§a
gavan zor e (AB) An eyeache is difficult; 2 )
epidemic; disease: -e§a re§ (K) cholera epidemic,
plague; -e§a zirav (BR) tuberculosis, TB. [also:
[eich] Jj\ (JJ); <e§> Jj) (HH)) Cf. Skt yaksma- m.
- 'sickness, disease’; Av yaska- ni. = ’illness'? or
aosah- (M5, p.537); Mid P yask = 'illness, sickness’
(M3); perhaps also P jask JL^. = 'trouble'; Sor e$
JJJ ~ ’pain, ache'; = Za dej in. & ve§ m. (Mai) =
'pain'. See 266 . jl§ in: D. Monchi-Zadeh. Worter
aus Xurasan und ihre Herkunft (Leiden : E.J. Brill,
1990), pp. 89-90. [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
GF/TF/OK]
e§an (JB3/IF/HH/SK/OK) = to hurt (vi.) . See
§§in.
§§andin vt. (-§§in-). to hurt (vt.), injure,
cause pain or damage to; to bother, torment:
•BirakS min heta iro g£rikek ne£§andiye
(KS, p.10) Until today my brother has not hurt an
ant *Ez se caran hatim girtin ... le ev ti§t
ez nee§andim (Wit 1:37=38, p. 6 ) I was captured
three times ... but this did not hurt [or, bother] me.
{also: [eichandin/eshandin (Rh)] ^ (JJ)}
[Wlt/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK] <§§; e§in;
■ i§kence>
e§in vi. ([d]e§-). 1 ) to hurt, ache, pain (vi.) :
•Qave min de§e (AB) My eye hurts •DestS min
de§e = My hand hurts •KSdera te de§e? (Ba)
What hurts you? What part of you hurts? [lit.
'Where does it hurt you?’] *Tirsa min dawiy@
sere me bie§e (L) I’m afraid that later we'll have
problems [lit. 'that later our head will hurt’]; 2 ) to
be upset, be grieved (by) [+ bi]: *Seydaye min
pirr bi ve nezanina min §§iya ft aciz bft
(Wit 2:66, p. 2 ) My teacher was very grieved and
troubled by this ignorance of mine, {also: e§an
(JB3/IF/SK/OK); [eichiian] qL^) (JJ); <e§an JutJ
(de§e) (<cX.o)> (HH)) see etymology at e§. Sor e§an
(jJZS (-e§e-); Hau e§ay (§§-) vi. (M4)
[F/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//JB3/IF/HH/SK/OK//JJ] <e§;
e§andin>
et’im m.&f. ( ; /-e). orphan; child whose father
is dead, but whose mother is still alive (Bw/TF):
•Hung ne§ene hetimeki? (M-Ak #537) Are you
(pi.) unable to defeat an orphan? *Xan
et’ime derodero (EP- 8 ) The Khan is a homeless
orphan; -et’im ft sewi (Bw) child orphaned of
both parents. [ also: eyt’im (JBl-S); hetim (M-Ak);
[eltim] ^sj\ (JJ)) [syn: sewi) < Ar yatim —> Sor
hetiw^ja^ (et’imi; et’imti) [J/F/K/B/JJ/JBl-A&S/
TF/OK/Bw//M-Ak] <bi I>
eVimt ls ~£S f. ( ;-ye). orphanhood, particularly the
loss of one’s father. { also: et’imti (K-2/B-2)) {syn:
sewiti) [K/B/TF] <el’im>
et’imti (K/B) = orphanhood. See et’imi.
• •
et’imxan^e f. (•a;*e). orphanage:
•Destpekirina sala 1923-a gundiydd me p§
dihesin, weki ... li Ermenistan§ ... bona
zared big’uk, ed ku de u baved wana
t’unene, et’imxane (mal§d zara) hatine
t’e§kilkirin§ (Ba2-4, p. 220 ) At the beginning of
1923 our villagers find out that ... in Armenia ...
orphanages (children's houses) have been
established for small children who have no parents.
[also: etimxane (Ba2-2)1 [syn: *sewixane) Cf. P
187
yatimxane ; Sor hetiwxane (K3)
[Ba2/K/B/TF] <et’im>
etun (Bw/IFb/TF/OK) = limekiln. See hetun.
@var jUlS (-a/ ;-e/). evening: -de’ne
§var§ (K) eventide, evening [third of three 8 -hour
periods which constitute a day]: »Li pey
agahiyan, bUyer roja 4 Gulane dane evare
pek hatiye (AW71A4a) According to reports, the
incident took place on the 4th of May in the
evening hours; -evare = in the evening; -her evar
= every evening: »Du girtiyen tirk her evar
[m]ifteyen girtigehe didizin, deri vedikin,
ti bi §ev digin ji xwe re digerin (AW74B7)
Two Turkish prisoners steal the prison keys every
night, open the door, and go out at night and
wander around, {also: evari (Dh/Zeb); ewari (SK);
hevari (M-Ak); [eiwar] jUd (JJ); <evar> j\Jb) (HH))
Morg 2 : O Ir *upa-ayara- (supercedes Benveniste
*upa-yar(a)-), cf. Av ayar/n- n. = 'day': Shughni,
Khufsi, Rosbani, & Bartangi biyor, Sarikoli biyur.
Yazghulami biyer = 'yesterday'; Sgd ’py’rh f = 'last
night’ [& Py’ryy/py’r’k = 'evening'], Sarikoli biurn
= 'last night,’ possibly from *upa-ayarana, but
Yazghulami biyan = 'evening' (biyari biyan =
'yestereve'), Yaghnobi piyon = 'yesterday' (prob.
from *upa-ayan-) & viyora = 'evening' (<*abi-
ayara-); M. Schwartz: Khwarezmian by’r; Mid P
ebarag (M3); (early) P evar Sor eware Za
ere m. - ’midafternoon [T ikindi]' (Mai): Hau
werega in. (M4). For the Khwarezmian see: M.
Schwartz. “On the Vocabulary of the Khwarezmian
Muqaddimatu l-Adab, as Edited by J. Benzing,”
ZDMG , 120 (1970), 293; R.E. Emmerick “Some
Chorasmian and Khotanese Etymologies'’ Journal
of the Royal Asiatic Society, i (1970), 69.
[F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH//Dh/Zeb//SK//M-Ak]
<hingur; §ev>
evari (Dh/Zeb) = evening. See evar.
ewari (SK) = evening. See evar.
ewirge = abode. See hewirge.
exbal = good luck; fate. See iqbal.
existin (-ex-) (SK) = to drop; to insert; to strike.
See xistin.
exsir (SK) = prisoner. See hesir I.
exte (IF) = mule. See exte.
exbal JLiuJ (K) = good luck; fate. See iqbal.
exni f (-ya; ). type of stew: 1) stew made with
onions and tomatoes [T yahni] (IF); 2) dish made
with meat (K); 3) dish made with bulgur [=cracked
wheat germ], onions, oil, and spices, rolled into
balls (HH); 4) ’bouillonnement' (JJ-G) ; 5) puree [T
ezme] (Msr): -exniya kartola (Msr) potato puree,
mashed potatoes, {also: yahni (IF); [iakni] c ysw (JJ-
G); <exni> ^y*d (HH)) P yaxnl ^yA. = 'kind of
gravy; cooked fowl or meat (often served cold)'; Ar
yaxnl yA = 'a kind of ragout'; T yahni = 'stew
• ■
made with onions and tomatoes'; Sor yexni yil> =
♦ ♦
'kind of stew made of meat and onions'
[Msr/K/HH//IF//JJ-G]
‘eyal JLlt (JB 1 -S) = family. See *eyal.
eyt’im yob-’ (JBl-S) = orphan. See et’im.
fizdi yjA (K/B) = Yezidi. See fizidi.
fizedi (SK) = Yezidi. See fizidi.
fizidi yjgo (IFb) = Yezidi. See fizidi.
ezing jZyZ m. (-e;). firewood, kindling wood (as
opposed to qogik (Haz), firewood which is cut
and ready to be burned) : •fizingvan gun dehle
jibo ezingan (AB) The woodgatherers went to
the valley [or thicket] for firewood, {also: hezing I;
[hej / hezink (JJ)) [Pok. aidh-/idh- 12.] 'to
burn, fire’: Skt idhma- m. = 'fuel'; Av aesma- =
'firewood' (Horn #1117); Pahl esm/[h]ezam & Mid
P ezm/esm (M3); P hlzom Sor hezim pjZa
eizfmi (Lx)/izim-i f. (Mai); Hau hezime pi. (M4)
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ] <dar I & II; Piejik; terik [ 1 ]; xi§t
II >
ezingker (K) = woodgatherer. See ezingvan.
ezingvan in. ().woodgatherer: *fizingvan
gun dehle jibo ezingan (AB) The
woodgatherers went to the forest (or thicket) for
firewood, {also: ezingker (K- 2 )} [AB/K/IF] <darbir>
fizidi ni./adj. (). Yezidi: *Kure min tu ji
Nusebini yi in§alah tu ne fizidi yi le bila
bibe. fizidi gelek ji Bisilmanan getir in
(Ah) My son, you are from Nusaybin, I hope you
are not a Yezidi, but then again, so be it. The
Yezidis are much better than the Muslims *Min
kitebek li ser fizidiyan nivisand (BX) I wrote
a book about the Yezidis. {also: fizdi (K/B); fizedi
(SK); fizidi (IFb); Yezidi (A- 2 ); [iezidi] CXJ))
{syn: Dasini) [BX//K/B//A/JJ//IFb//SK] <k’iriv [ 2 ]>
ezya LyXS (M-Ak) = dragon, serpent. See ziha.
188
t
F
fafon f (). aluminum (British: aluminium), [also:
bafon (A/IFb-2); bafun (GF/TF)} Sor fafon ^1li
[Bw/K(s)/IFb/OK//A//GF/TF]
fal Jli /. (-a;-e). fortune telling, divination; one’s
fortune: -fal avitin (K)/kirin (K)/vekirin (B)/~a
xwe vekirin (K) to tell fortunes, {also: fe’l (B);
felik (F); [fall JU (JJ); <fal> JU (HH)) <Ar fal Jli =
v
'good omen'; Sor fal Jli = 'fortune telling'; Za fal in.
(Mai) [K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//B//F] <femil>
falavej (IFb) = fortune teller. See falgi.
falgi C5 =Jli in.&f. (). fortune teller, diviner, {also:
faiavej (IFb); faldar (K); falikgi (K-2); fe’ldar (B);
felikgi (F); [faltchi] U (JJ); <falgi> C5 ^JU (HH)|
(sjm: pildar; remildar)<T falci <Ar fal Jli + -ci =
Y
'doer of an action'; Sor falgi L5 =JU; Za falgi Ifalgiti)
[JJ/HH/GF//IFb//K//B//F] <fal>
falgiti ^^oJli f. (). profession of fortune telling,
divination, {also: [faltchiti] ( j^>) li (JJ)) Za falgiyev
[JJ/GF] <fal; falgi>
faldar JjJU (K) = fortune teller. See falgi.
falikgi (K) = fortune teller. See falgi.
fam pii, f. (JB3/SK/GF/OK) = understanding. See
fehm.
fanos (j-^li f (-a;-e). lamp, lantern, light: ‘Fanose
ji xatuna xwera bine deriye fiewge (Z-2,
p.69) Bring a lamp for your lady to the gate of the
yard, [also: fanus (JB3/IFb/GF); [fanous] (JJ);
<fanus> ^li (HH)) |Z-2/K(s)/TF//IB3/IKb/JI/IIM/GF|
fanus ^^ili (JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF) - lamp. See fanos.
faris ^jli in. (). a Persian, Iranian, {also: Fars (K/B))
[syn.-’ecem) [A/IF//K/B]
farisi ^jli = Persian (adj.). See Farsi,
fars jli (K/B) = Persian (n.). See Faris.
farsi jli adj. Persian, {also: Farisi; [farsi] ^jli (JJ))
[K/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
Fat oli (BK). See FatS.
fataregk JUojbb (IF/JB3) = spleen. See fateregk.
fateregk Cfj-44/O _J *0 (j f ( spleen, [also: fataregk
(IF/JB3); [fate-rech] Jij (JJ)) [syn: dedik; pil, f.
(IF); p’igik (Hk/IF)/pi§ (A); teffel; xalxalk) =Sor
sipil [Ag/K/B//IF/JB3//JJ] chinav; p’igik; zirav
II>
Fate £jli f. (). Woman's name (short for Fatima ).
(also: Fat (BK); Fato (A)) [AB//A//BK]
Fatojp’U (A). See Fat§.
♦
fayde oJoli (BK/JJ/SK/GF/JBl-A) = use; advantage. See
feyde.
fayide oA^.li (K/BK) = use; advantage. See feyde.
%
fecer j^ai, f. [K-poet. ) = dawn. See ferec.
fecir >>*i (GF) = dawn. See ferec.
fedi ^j^i f. (). shame, shyness: -fedi kirin = to be
shy, ashamed: •Beyrim fedi kir go beje ... (L)
Beyrim was ashamed to say... *Fedi meke! (Ad)
Don't be shy! {also: fedi (L); [fedi] ^jli (JJ)} {syn:
'et’ib; fehet; sosret [2]; germ; germezari) <Ar fadlhah
= ’shame, disgrace’ [Ad/L/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ]
fedikar jICjas adj. ashamed: *Ji ber ku li ber
bave xwe fedikar bu digiriya (MB-Meyro)
She cried because she felt ashamed in her father’s
presence [lit. ’before her father’], {also: fediker (IFb))
{syn: germezar) [MB/GF/TF//IFb] <fedi>
fediker (IFb) = ashamed. See fedikar.
feh§t /. (). shame, disgrace; baseness (JJ): «[Ev
pogmani germ e u fihet e] (JR) This [feeling of]
regret is a shame and a disgrace, {also: fehit
(JB3/OK); fihet (K/A/GF-2/TF); [fehite] ^ (JJ);
<fihet> (HH)) {syn: ’et’ib; fedi; sosret [2]; germ;,
germezari) <Syr Vp-h-y = 'to ivander, err': pahyuta
= error’ [IR/IFb/GF//K/A/HH/TF//)B3/OK//JJl
fehetkar jhllAoi adj. 1 ) {syn: fedikar; fehetok;
germezar) bashful, shy; 2 ) shamed, disgraced (GF):
•Xwede wan fihetkar neke (GF) May God not
disgrace them, [also: fehitkar (JB3/OK); fihetkar
(GF)) [IFb//JB3/OK//GF] <fedi; fehet>
fehetok dpZjixu adj. bashful, shy. {also: fehito
(JB3/OK)} {syn: fehetkar) [IFb//JB3/OK] <fedi;
fehet>
fehim (GF) = understanding. See fehm.
fehit (JB3/OK) = shame. See fehet.
fehitkar (JB3/OK) = shy; shameful; shamed. See
fehetkar.
fehito(JB3/OK) = shy. See fehetok.
fehm m . (). understanding, comprehension;
intelligence, sense: -fehm kirin (IFb)/fem kirin
(F)/fam kirin (OK) [often + ji] to understand [syn:
seh kirin [ 2 ]; tegihan [2]; =Sor tegeygtin): *Ap§
Kot§ neta min fam kir (Ba 2 : 2 , p.205) Uncle
Kotey understood my thought [or, hesitation] »Ku
ji yeke fe’m neke, ji sedi ji fe’m nake (Z-
1497) If he didn't understand one, he won't
understand 100 either [prv.] •Min ji gotina te
189
F
ti§tek fehm nekir (IFb) I didn’t understand
anything you said, {also: fam, f. (JB3/SK/GF-2/OK);
fehim (GF); fem (F/OK-2); fe’m (B); fem (Wit); fihm;
[fehm] ^ (JJ); <fihm> ^ (HH)) < Ar fahm ^
[K/IFb/JJ//JB3/SK/OK//F//GF//B//Wlt] <bi fem>
fekirin qJ'** = to think; to look at. See fikirin.
fekirin (BX) = to think; to look at. See fikirin.
feki ij'oj - fruit. See fiki.
fe’l (B) = fortune telling. See fal.
fe’ldar (B) = fortune teller. See falgi.
fele doj (SK) = Christian; Armenian. See file.
felek/felek 5 [B-2] f. (-a;-£). 1 ) {syn: 'ezmanl
the heavens; 2) luck; fate, destiny (IF/B): -felek d
dewran = fate, destiny *Felek u dewran li
sere lawe bava d qize bava digere! (L) Fate
[lit. 'the heavens and centuries’] turns on the heads
of the sons and daughters of fathers, {also: [felek]
JA 3 (JJ); <felek> Jii (HH)) < Ar falak JJi = 'celestial
body or sphere’ [L/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH]
felik (F) = fortune telling. See fal.
felikgi (F) = fortune teller. See falgi.
••
feli§andin vt. (-feli§in-). 1 ) to smash to
pieces (IFb/TF); to destroy (GF/OK); 2) {syn:
repandin) to beat s.o. up, beat s.o. black and hlue
(so that the victim can barely walk) (Bw). Cf. also
[felesc kem] jJi (JJ-G) = 'je disloque’ [=1 dislocate,
dismember] [Bw/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <qir kirin>
felitin (JB3) = to be rescued, to escape; to come
undone. See filitin and fetilin.
fem (F/OK)/fe’m (B) = understanding. See
fehm.
fe’mkor (Mzg/Haz) = stupid. See korfe’m.
fen in.(K)/f.(JB3/B) ( ; /-§). 1) | syn: delk 1 )
craftiness, slyness, cunning: *Eva gi§k fen§ tene
(Z-l) These are all your tricks, this is all your
doing; -fen u f§l (Z-l)/fen d fesal (JB3) do.; 2)
{syn: hiner) skill, dexterity, {also: fend (B-2/IF-2);
[fen] Qi (JJ)} < Ar fann qs = 'art, skill’
[Z-l/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ] <fereset>
fena b*i prep. 1) {syn: mina; nola; wek] like, as,
similar to; 2) [adv.] as. {also: fenani (K); [feni] ^
(JJ)) [BX/JB3/IF//K//JJ]
fenan jb^ conj. as soon as: *Wexta M. evar§ gd
diwana mir Sevdin, Zine fenan ew dit,
go... (Z-l) When M. went in the evening to prince
Sevdin's court, as soon as Zin saw him, she said...
[Z-l]
fenani ^b^s (K) = like, as. See fena.
a*
fend jj A3 (EP-7) = candle. See find.
feqe 4345 (GF) = theologian; student of religion. See
feqi.
feqeh (K/HH) = theologian; student of religion.
%
See feqi.
feqe (OK) = theologian; student of religion. See
feqi.
feqi ji&i m. (). 1 ) theologian, Islamic jurisprudent (K)
[feqih (OK)]; 2 ) student of religion, theology student
(IFb/JJ) [feqe (OK)], {also: feqe (GF- 2 ); feqeh (K);
feqe (OK); feqih (SK- 2 /OK- 2 ); [feqi] ^ (JJ); <feqeh>
aJ* (HH)) < Ar faqlh a^j* = ’Islamic jurisprudent;
elementary school teacher, reciter of the Koran';
Sor feqe - 'theological student' (feqehiti; feqeti;
feqiti) [IFb/JJ/SK/GF//K/HH//OK] <mamosta;
seyda; suxte; xwendek’ar>
feqih (SK) = theologian; student of religion. See
feqi.
feqir ^Ja* adj. 1 ) (syn: dijgun; sefil [ 2 ]; xizan) poor;
2 ) quiet and inoffensive, innocuous, meek, {also:
[feqir] (JJ)) < Ar faqlr^Jii (feqiri)
[F/K/IF/JJ/B/JBl-A]
feqiri c ^Ja$ f. (). poverty, {syn: dijguni; sefili; xizani)
[K] cbelengaz; feqir; feben>
feqiti f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) theology, jurisprudence; 2 )
*•
(Islamic) religious education: *Bave min ji
nikaribd bediliya §6x§ xwe bike d ez
ne§andim dibistan§. Ez §andim gundeki
din ji bo feqetiyd (Wit 2:66, p.2) My father
could not go against the wishes of his sheikh, so he
did not send me to [secular] school. He sent me to
another village for my religious education; 3) being
a theology student, {also: feqehiti (K- 2 ); feqeti
(Wlt/GF)) Sor feqeyeti ^'a^Sas = 'state of being a
theological student' [K//Wlt/GF] <feqi>
fer I jAi f. ( ;-e). one (of a pair, such as socks, shoes,
etc.) . I also: [fer] J (JJ)) (syn: kit; t’ek[l]| ?< Ar fard
3 J - 'a single one, a single thing, one (of a pair)'
[K/A/IF/B/JJ] <cot>
fer II adj. necessary; essential, vital, critical:
•Dever§n Rojhelata Navin hatine xweya
kirin bi dever£n straticiySn fer ... Her
gende welaten mezin pdte d bihayek§ fer
didene w6 dever@ ji demek@ m@je, bel£ ta
noke ne§iyayne tenahiyeka berdewam li
devere peyda biken (Metin 62[1997]:25) The
190
Middle Eastern regions have been designated as
essential strategic regions ... Although the major
powers have long given attention and critical
importance to that region, until now thay have not
been able to bring permanent stability to it •Roj
§ke ji fakter§n here fer bo berdewamiya
jiyane li ve dinyaye (Roj 1[1996]:4) The sun is
one of the most essential factors for the
continuation of life in this world. ?< Ar fard <jbJ =
’duty, requirement' [Roj/Metin/K(s)/IFb/OK]
<giring>
fera ) j*i (K/BK) = bowl. See firaq.
feraq <jj1 jas (B) = bowl. See firaq.
ferasat oLij^i = shrewdness; talent. See fereset.
feraset O* J txj (K/IF) = shrewdness; talent. See fereset.
fera§in or baye fera§in cool
summer breeze, [also: < fera§in> (Hej]}
[Zeb/GF//Hej] <ba I>
Ferat oIja* m. (). Euphrates River, which together
with the Tigris forms Mesopotamia : • Ferat
gemeki mezin e (AB) The Euphrates is a large
river, {also: Firat (OK); [frat] ol J (JJ)1 < Sumerian
buranuna [bur-a-nuna = 'vessel of - water - of the
prince’?] ~> Akkadian purattu (Wolfgang Heimpel
& Anne Kilmer, Univ. Cal. at Berkeley); Ar furat
o» J, T Firat [AB//OK//JJ] <Dicle; Ro II>
ferd (A/TF) = sack. See ferde.
ferd*e m. (•§; ). (factory-made) sack, large
sack, [also: ferd (A/TF)} [syn: gewal; gnnik; t’elis)
[Bw/RZ//A/TF] <t’er III>
fere (IFb) = bowl. See firaq.
ferec dawn, daybreak: -beri ferec§
= before dawn, [also: fecer, f. (K -poet ); fecir (GF);
[fedjir]>>3 (JJ); <fecar jlWfecr (HH)} ( syn:
berbang; elind; sere sibe; spede; §ebeq} < Ar fajr
>>9 [L/IFb//K//JJ/GF/HH]
fereset 0«UOj f. (-a;-e). 1) perspicacity, acumen,
shrewdness, resourcefulness; 2) (syn: hiner [2])
talent, ability: •Jin §ike dibe ser wi & ser
fereseta kure wi (Ba) The woman [=his wife]
doubts him and his son's talent, [also: ferasat;
feraset (K/IF); firaset} < Ar firasah [Ba/B//K/IF]
<fen>
ferfuri , m. (JBl-A) = porcelain, china. See
ferfflr.
ferfhr^jAs m./£(B) (). porcelain, china(ware),
faience (K/IF/JJ). {also: ferfuri, m. (JBl-A); [ferfur
j£J / fagfouri (JJ)| {syn: gin! (F)} Cf. P
fayfur = ’Chinese emperor; porcelain from
China' [K/A/IF/B/JJ/TF//JB1 - A]
ferfuri adj. (made of) porcelain, china,
faience. [Z-2/K/A/IF]
ferget f. ( ;-e), frigate, warship: *W§ gav£,
Kegelok ket hindure fergete u gwik li ser
fergSte dani (L) Then the Bald Boy boarded the
frigate, and the sparrow alit on it. Cf. T firkata =
'light galley (three-masted warship with 10 or 15
pairs of oars)' (RC) < It fregata [L/K] <cengke§ti>
ferheng £ (-a; ). 1) [syn: xebername (F)}
dictionary; 2) {syn: gandj culture, [also: ferheng (F)}
Cf. P farhang JSj *J ~ 'culture; dictionary'
[K/A/JB3/IF//F]
ferheng (F) = dictionary. See ferheng.
ferhit m. (-e;-i). jinn: •FerKiteki cina
kale, extiyare (Z-2) An aged and old jinn
•Xebera vi ferKiti Taste (Z-2) This jinn is right.
(also: 'erfit (Z-3); iftit (IF); [’afrit] (JJ/PS)} (syn:
cin; ji me getir) < Ar ‘ifrlt possibly < P
afarid = 'creature; something blessed'
[Z-2//Z-3//IF//JJ/PS] <dew; ji me getir>
fericin vi. (-feric-). to look at, watch,
observe: •Erne herin ji xwe re hindur§ we
le bifericin (L) We will go look at the inside of it
[=the ship], [also: [farejin] (JJ-PS)} [syn:
w
tema§e kirin) <Clq Ar tafarraj = 'to watch’
[L/PS/JJ]
ferik (GF) = unripe plant. See firik.
ferma adj . official, formal: *Em li gor
ideolojiya netewi ferma (resmt) dihatin
perwerde (talim) kirdin [sic] (Ber #7, p.9) We
were educated according to the nationalist and
official ideology *Sefewiyan ji ... §ieti weki
mezhebeki dint h fermi ... dan [sic]
xuyakirin (Zend 2:3[l997], p.56) And the
Safavids ... declared Shiism their official religious
sect, [also: fermi (TF)) [(neol)Ber//TF]
ferman f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: emir I; ferwar II;
fiuk’um [2]) order, command, edict, ukase
(K/IF/JB3): -ferman§ fila (Haz) edict regarding the
Armenians (at the beginning of the 20th century) ;
2) law (A/IF/JB3). [also: ferwar II; [ferman] qLJ
(JJ); <ferman> J (HH)} O P framana- £ (Brand)
<fra- = 'before' + ma- = ’to measure' + na- (nominal
suffix) (Kent); Mid P framan = ’order, command’
191
F
(M3) ~> Arm hraman qpuiJ'ui'u; P farman
—> T ferman; Sor ferman jL= 'order,
command'; Za ferman m. [Haz/K/A/JB3/IF/
B/JJ/HH] craye I> See also ferwar II.
fermandar jIjjLja* m. (). 1) superior, commander,
person in charge: *Rayedar d fermandaren
TC’§ li hev dicivin d biryar il raporekS
amade dikin (Wit 2:71, p.16) The powers that be
[lit. people in charge and rulers'] in the Republic of
Turkey convene and prepare a policy decision [lit.
'a decision and a report']; 2) governor, ruler. Sor
fermander [K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK]
<ferman; qumandar; rayedar>
fermandari f. (). management,
administration, direction, leadership; rulership,
government. Sor fermanderi
[VoA/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <Kuk’umet>
fermani adj. imperative (gram.): -raweya
fermani (K/IF/GF) imperative mood.
[(neol)K/IF/GF] <rawe>
fermi (TF) = official, formal. See ferma.
ferq jpai /. (-a;-e). difference, distinction: *Bes
eger dewleta behiye musa’ede bifermot em
ehle Qefqas h Azerbeycan d Kurdistan u
Ermenistane be tefawuta mezheb d be ferq
u cudaiya millet li naw xo ittifaqeki gire
deyn (SK 54:589) So, if the august government
approves, we people of the Caucasus and Azer¬
baijan and Kurdistan and Armenia, regardless of
our differences of religion and race, shall unite
amongst ourselves; -ferq kirin (K/JJ/SK/OK):
a) to distinguish, discern, tell apart: *Ewe bo
xudan-’eqlan we ye, emma bo emsalSt
Tahir Axa, ku ferqe naken di ma beyna
dew u do§awe da, zor mu§kil e (SK 42:406)
It is so for the wise, but for the likes of Tahir Agha,
who cannot discern buttermilk from grape syrup, it
is very difficult; b) to change (vi.), be altered: *Ew
Kale der-Keqq keri noke ji maye. Kemek
ferq kiriye, emma ne gendan (SK 25:231)
This state, with regard to donkeys, still remains
now. Things have changed a little, but not so
much; -Ferq nine (JBl-S) There is no difference;
It does not matter: *Ferqa wi u kirmanceki
niye li nik xulam§t §§xi (SK 61:768) To the
Shaikh's servants there is no difference between
him and a [common] Kurmanj. {also: [ferq] (JJ);
<ferq> qJ (HH)) ( syn: ciherengi) < Ar farq =
'difference'; Sor ferq ^*3 = ciyawazi
[K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/JB 1 - A&S/GF/OK]
fer§ f. (-a; ). 1) {syn: lat) flat, level crag (BX); flat
rock, slab (JB3); massive rock (IF); 2) furniture;
bed; carpet (JJ). {also: [ferch] ^ (JJ)) < Ar fars JiJ
= 'furniture' & P fars = 'carpet' [BX/JB3/IF/JJ]
<Kelan; lat>
*ferwar I adj. 1) splendid, magnificent (K); 2)
noisy, stormy (K/B); 3) [f.] splendor (K); 4) [f.]
storm (B). [K/B]
ferwar II f. (-a;-e). command, order: »Ya
rebi, biki ferware (EP-7) O Lord, give a
command *Du syar 'ecele hatin reda, /
Ferwara seferie nav destada (EP-7) Two
horsemen came swiftly down the road, /With battle
orders in their hands, {also: ferware (Z-l/EP-7))
{syn: emir I; ferman; hukum [2]) [Z-1/EP-7/B] See
also ferman.
ferware (Z-l/EP-7) = command. See ferwar II.
ferz jj^ f. (). 1) religions duty required of all
Muslims (Cf. Jewish mitsvah); 2) duty, obligation:
•Li ser min ferz e (IFb) It is my duty;
3) supposition, assumption (JJ/SK).
{also: [ferz] ^j (JJ)) < Ar fard ^J = 'religious
duty; assumption’—> T farz [Z-1/IFb/JJ/SK/OK]
fesal JL*i f. ( ;-e). 1) ( syn : delive; derfet; firset;
kevlu [2]; k’es) opportunity, occasion, chance;
•Qewa ku fesal bik’eve min, eze b§m (B) As
soon as the opportunity presents itself [lit. 'falls to
me'], I will come •[Wekd fesalS dibinin
yekudu dikujin] (JJ) As soon as they get a
chance, they kill one another; 2) initiative; trick
(OK): -fesal j§ stendin (XF) to steal s.o.’s
thunder, nip s.o. else’s (a rival’s) initiative in the
bud; 3) {syn : semt) comfortable position or stance:
•NSg’irvan fesal ji gur hilda tl agir kir (B)
The hunter took up a comfortable position vis-a-vis
the wolf, and fired his gun]; 4) [adj.] careful,
cautious: *Ew meriki fesale (B) He is a cautious
man; 5) [adv.[ {also: bi fesal) carefully, cautiously:
•Ewi fesal zaro hilbiri (B) He carefully picked
up the child *Gunde me da keseki dil
nedikir wira gula§ bigirta, le weki ni§k§va
yeki dil bikira, ewi ew hildibiri jor§ K,
weki zirar§ ned§, fesal dadani ser pi§t§
(Ba2:l, p.204) In our village no one would dare to
192
wrestle with him, but if suddenly someone were to
dare, he would pick that person up and, so as not
to harm him, carefully put him on his back »Li
bira niherl u bi fesal berbiri Osib bu (Ba-1,
#31) He looked at his brothers and cautiously went
out to greet Joseph, {also: [fesal] JLa (JJ); <fesal>
JUaj (HH)) <Ar fisal jUai = ’weaning; separation';
v
Sor fesal = ’form, shape, figure, appearance’
[Ba-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//HH]
fesidin vi. (-fesid-). to go bad, turn sour (of
milk): # §ir fesidi (Bw) The milk went bad. {syn:
Kerimin [2]) [Bw] crizin; xirab>
fes»il J—/A3 /. (*la; ). settlement (of a feud or dispute),
reconciliation: -fesla fk-f kirin (Mdt) to settle or
resolve (a feud between two parties), to reconcile,
make peace between: *De u bave xort ji
hatine, peyre wan §iyandiye duv melaki,
wi ji fesla wan kiriye h ew li hev anine
(Mdt) The parents of the young man came, then
they sent for a mullah, and he settled the feud
between them [=the two families] and reconciled
them. < Ar fasl J_<a = ’parting, detachment, etc.’;
v
Sor fesl 0 L<»j = 'settlement of feud’ [Mdt] <a§t kirin;
li hev anin>
fesilandin vt. (-fesilin-). to commission,
order (merchandise, e.g.. clothing from a tailor) ; to
make to measure, cut out (a garment) : # Dige ser
t’erzi, destek cile efendiya ji xwera
difesiline (Z-2) He goes to a tailor, orders for
himself a suit of clothes fit for a gentleman. < Ar
M
fassala II [Z-2] <pivan>
fetilin vi. (-fetil-). 1) {syn; vegerin; zivifin) to
turn around, return, go or come back (vi.) (K/L):
•Gava ko usa Stiyefa dibeje Memo, Stiye
bi pa§va difitile (Z-3) When Memo says that to
Stiye, she turns right around [and goes back]: 2) to
rip, tear (vi.) ; to split (K); 3) to come untwisted,
come undone (B). {also: fitilin (K/B))
< Arc petal “PflB = 'to twist' & pattel *7 FI 9 = 'to
pervert’; NENA ptada = ’to throw, discard, twist'
(Krotkoff) & patil = ’to make crooked, twist (Old
Syr); to turn (vi.), turn the face; to wind a clock 1
(Maclean); Turoyo fotal - ’to spin (vi.), revolve 1 ; cf.
Ar fatala Jjj = ’to twist together, to twine’
[L/IF//K/B] See also filitin.
fetisandin vt. (-fetisin-). to strangle,
smother, suffocate, choke (vt.): *Ew zurbe
hazirin me bikujin, bifetisinin (Ba2-#2,
p.210) Those bullies are ready to kill us, to strangle
us. ( also: <fetisandin (difetisine)
(HH)) [ syn: xeniqandin [1]) <Ar fattas II = 'to
suffocate, strangle, kill’ [Ba2/F/K/IF/B/GF//HH]
<ku§tin>
feyd*e f. (»a;*e). use; advantage, benefit,
profit: *Gotina be kirin fayde nie (SK 2:17)
There is no profit in words without action
•Heker tu bibi §ivan te peze ciwamera
xodan key, feyda te te nine, ti heker tu
bhy chhtari ji te milke ciwamera filhan
u ‘emaret biki. Disa feyda me t§ nine
(JBl-S, #206) If you become a shepherd, you
will look after the sheep of the notables, which is of
no benefit to you. If you become a farmer, you will
cultivate and work the land of the notables. Once
again, there is no benefit for us in it *Hirg ku§tin
[sic], emma gi fayde hebo? (SK 10:101) They
killed the bear, but what was the use? •WextS
riwi yeqin kir ko edi direj kirin fayde nie
hinde got e kotire, "Ewe aqle te niye,
emma xozi min zaniba ew aqle ke ni§a te
daye" (SK 3:22) When the fox realized that there
was no point in carrying on he said this much to
the pigeon, "This wasn’t your idea, but I wish I
knew who has given you this sense." [also: fayde
(BK/SK/GF/JB1-A); fayide (K/BK-2); fede (BK-2/GF-
2); [faide] oajU (JJ)) < Ar fa’idah oAj li [Z-
l/IFb/JB3/B/JBl-S//K/BK// JJ/SK/GF/JB1-A]
feyzil *nava feyzil 'einera (EP-7) in the
twinkling of an eye. [EP-7]
fede (BK/GF) = use; advantage. See feyde.
fedi ^j2si (L) = shame. See fedi.
feki Jb (K/JB3/B/HH/SC) = fruit. See fiki.
fel I m./f.(K[4(/B) (-§/ ; /-e). l) {syn: delk J ; Kile;
lep) [in.] trick, prank, ruse; swindling, cheating
(K/A/IF/JJ/B): -fen h fel (Z-l) do. [syn: fen u fesal
(JB3)); -fel u finaz (EP-7) do.; 2) [m.] plot, intrigue
(K/A/B); 3) purpose, intention (IF), {also: [f§l] J-i
(JJ)) ?< Ar fi‘l J*5 = ’deed, verb’
[Z-l/K/A/IF/JJ/B]
fel II Jli f.(K/F)/m.(B) (-a/-§;-§/). 1) {syn: leker
(neol); *pe§ing (IF); *pi§k (IF)) verb: -f§l§/-a
(ne)derbazb-Qyi (B/K) (in)transitive verb; -f§18
(ne)Fast (B) (ir)regular verb; 2) action, activity,
193
F
feat, deed (K). {also: fi‘1 (SK)} < Ar fi 4 l = 'deed,
verb' [F/K/B//SK]
fern plj (Wit) = understanding. See fehm.
feqi JCj (JBl-A/SK/Bw/Zx) = fruit. See fiki.
fer J?: -feri fti bun (K/IFb/SK/GF/TF) to learn,
become acquainted with (syn: 'elimin; hin I bun}:
•Ez nizanim hevalSn me gima ... f§ri
Kurdx nabin (IFb) I don't know why our friends
don't learn Kurdish -Kotireke helina xo di
giyayeki bilind da gekiribfi. Wexte ku
kejik diinane dere, pigek firaje dibun,
h§§ta temam nedi§yan bifirin, riwiyek fer
bfibfi her sal di wi wexti da dihat, kilka
xo dihelpisare giyay, gazi dikire kotire
(SK 3:18) A pigeon had made her nest on a high
mountain. When she hatched out her young and
they had grown a little, but could not yet fly
properly—every year at that time a fox had learnt to
come along, to prop its tail up against the mountain
and call to the pigeon; - fki feri fti kirin
(IFb/SK/GF/TF) to teach s.o. stg., to acquaint s.o .
with stg. (syn: 'elimandin; hin I kirin}: «Min noke
bi we Kile ewane fere din kirine (SK 32:289)
By this trick I have now taught them religion. Sor
fer bun = ’to learn’ & pe fer bun =
♦ ♦
'to become accustomed to' & fer kirdin Js = ’to
teach’ [K/IFb/SK/GF/TF]
f§ris m. Q. 1) [syn: ’efat; ’egit; gernas; leheng;
merxas; p’elewan] hero; 2) knight (in chess) (Z-l);
queen (in chess) (JJ). {also: feriz (B); ferz (Z-l);
[faras] jj (}J); <feres> (HH)} < Ar faris =
’knight’ [L/K/A/IFb/GF/TF//B//JJ//HH] <fil [2];
k’erkedan; k’i§ik>
feriz (B) = hero. See feris [1].
ferz jjZj (Z-l) = (chess) knight. See feris [2],
f6z jZj f. (-a;-£). top, upper side or part of stg.:
•EmS fSza §ikevt@ kevireki mezin daynin
(EH) We will place a large rock on top of the cave
•Herdu bra ji xwe di f£za §kevteda
ve§artbfin (EH) Both the brothers hid on top of
the cave; -f§za g’em (K) upstream; -feza gund
(B) upper side of the village: «W£ li feza gunde
me daniye (EP-5, #12) She [or, it (f. referent)] has
set up camp above our village; -xwe dan f§ze (K)
to ascend to the top. (syn: hindav [3]} Possible
etymology : [Pok. p&k- 787.] 'to fasten': Av pazah- =
'surface'; Khotanese paysa-; Sgd p’z [*paza-]; Oss
faza [Digoron] & faz [Iron] = 'plain, open space'
from: H.W. Bailey. "A Range of Iranica" in: W. B.
Henning Memorial Volume (London : Lund
Humphries, 1970), p. 35 [under 9. Karan faz].
[EH/K/B] cbala; fireze [2]; hevraz; jor>
fihet (K/A/HH/GF/TF) = shame. See feh§t.
fihetkar (GF) = shy; shameful; shamed. See
fehetkar.
fihm p-gi (HH) = understanding. See fehm.
fik«ir Jis f. (•[i]ra;«ire). 1) [syn: hizir; mitale; raman
I; xiyal) thought, idea; sense: •Fikir ji sere
Meme delal firi (Z-l) All sense flew out of
dandy Mem's head; 2) (syn : ditin; ray] opinion.
{also: fikr (JB3); [fikir] ^$5 (JJ)} < Ar fikr
[Z-1/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
fikirin (JBl-A) = to think. See fikirin.
fikirin (_y>^ vi. (-fikir-). 1) (syn: du§irmi§ bun; hizir
kirin; p’onijin [2]; raman 1} to think: -di xwe
fekirin (L) to think to oneself: •Rojeke, di xwe
fekiri (L) One day she thought to herself ... «Ez
di xwe fekirim (BX) I was thinking to myself; 2)
(syn: bala xwe dan; dina xwe dan; meze kirin; zen
dan (MZ)} to look at (HH): -te fikirin (JBl-A) to
look at, watch; 3) to worry, be concerned:
• Nefikirin, nane meyi bole (Ba-1, #32) Don’t
worry, we have plenty of bread, [also: fekirin;
fekirin (BX); fikirin (JBl-A); fikirmi§ bun (B-2);
[fykirin/foukourin] (JJ); <fekirin
(difekire) (o < Ar fakkara II = 'to think'
[BX/HH//K/IF/B//JB1-A]
fikirmi§ bun _£> (B) = to think; to look at. See
fikirin.
fikr (JB3) = thought; opinion. See fikir.
fid Jjtf (SK) = action, deed. See f£l II.
filan fjii pr. mod. so-and-so, such-and-such, what's-
his-name: *Ewe qafil§ fulan muro ye, ji
fulan dere t£t, de git e fulan dere, meta c e
wan ewe ye, bi hindi kirine, de bi hindi
firo§in, hinde bar in, hinde dewar in,
hinde muro ne, fulan millet in, naw§ wan
ewe ne, mezine wan ewe ye (SK 22:205) It is
the caravan of such-and-such a man, it comes from
such-and-such a place, it is going to such-and-such
a place, their merchandise is this, they brought it
for so much and will sell it for so much, there are
so many loads, so many animals, so many men,
they are such-and-such people, their names are
194
F
these, and their leader is So-and-so *filan k’iteb
(B) such-and-such a book *filan §agirt (B) some
student or other; -filan fl behvan (IFb)/filan u
bevan (B)/filanb§van (K)/filan u fistan (B) so-
and-so and such-and-such, {also: fulan (SK); [fylan]
(JJ)) \syn: behvan] < Ar fulan = 'so-and-so';
Sor filan Jk [K/IFb/B/JJ/JB1-A&S/GF//SK] <ewk>
filankes pm. so-and-so, such-and-such (a
person): *Sala ku Filankes ji Hece hati bu,
fena sala isalin disa rew§a me xwe§ bu
(Ardu, p.116) The year that So-and-so came back
from the pilgrimage to Mecca, we were doing well,
like we are this year, {also: [fylan kes] (JJ);
<fulankes> (HH)| {syn: behvan) Sor
filanekes [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A//HH]
fil • e aIs ni.&f. (). 1) (syn: Diyan (A)) Christian
(Armenian or Assyrian) : *U di nefse Zaxo bi
*
xo da ji fileh §t heyn d bisirman ji yet
heyn u Dihi ji yet heyn (M-Zx #771) And in
Zakho (town) itself there are ('Assyrian’) Christians
and there are Muslims and there are Dihis too; 2)
\syn: Ernie nil Armenian: -fermane Fil a (Haz)
edict regarding the Armenians (at the beginning of
the 20th century) ; 3) {syn: Mexin} Assyrian or
Chaldean (Bw). {also: fele (SK); fileh (HB); fillah
(A/TF): fille (SK-2/GF); [fele] <Ji (JJ); <fille>
(HH)) ?< Ar fallah = 'peasant, farmer'; Sor fele
aJa* = 'Christian villager' [HB//SK//K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
Haz//GF/HH//A/TF] ccihu; mexin; misilmeni>
fileh aaIs (HB) = Christian; Armenian. See file,
fileti f. ( ;-ye). Christianity: • Voltaire
niviskarg fransiz ku li diji filetiye
derketibd, heviyen xwe danibdne ser
Avista (Rw§ #3, p.23) Voltaire, a French writer
who came out against Christianity, put his hopes
on the Avesta. {also: fillahi (TF); filleyiti (GF);
[feleti] (JJ) = 'qualite d’Armenien'l
[Rw s s//TF//GF//JJ] <file; mexin>
filitin 9 vi. (-felit-). 1) to be rescued, saved,
delivered (K/IF/B); to get away, escape, run away:
•Ez ancax ji dest§ wan filitim (B) I just
barely escaped from their hands »Ji bin deste
dijmin filiti (IF) He was delivered from the
enemies' hands; 2) [syn: fetilin [3)1 to become
untied or undone, to unravel (B): »Qay!§ filit! (B)
The strap came undone; 3) ?to pounce on (vt.) (L):
•Bray@ w! feliti xwarin§ (L) His friend [lit.
'brother'] pounced on the food [Son ami se jeta sur
les victuelles]. {also: felitin (JB3); [filitin] (JJ);
<felitin (difeliti) C L5 ^->)> (HH)) < Arc pelat
= 'to discharge, vomit; to escape; to detach,
take off & Syr Vp-l-t = 'to escape, slip out or
away; to bring forth (young)’; NENA pla:ta = 'to
come out, escape; to become, result' (Krotkoff) &
palit = 'to go/come out, leave; to result, ensue,
hecome; to escape; to be heard (of a sound)'
(Maclean); Turoyo falit = ’to run’; cf. Ar falata oJi
= 'to escape, to be set free'. Note that the Ar form
has final t rather than emphatic \ in Turoyo and
Arc. Although the initial f- rather than p- suggests
Ar rather than Arc derivation, it should be
remembered that whereas NENA has no III
excepting in certain loan words (e.g., fha:ma = ’to
understand 1 , Jewish NENA of Zx)~”a feature which
it shares with such languages of the Caucasus as
Arm and Geo-in Turoyo, the III is preserved, as
in the verbs Vf-t-1 (fotal) = ’to spin (vi.), revolve' and
Vf-l-t (falit) = ’to run’. It is not impossible, however,
that both Turoyo and K have borrowed these
words from Ar, which in turn borrowed them from
Arc [L/JB3/HH//K/IF/B/JJ] See also fetilin.
fillah (A/TF) = Christian; Armenian. See file.
fillahi (TF) = Christianity. See filet!.
fille a)1 3 (SK/GF/HH) = Christian; Armenian. See file.
filleyiti *11$ (GF) = Christianity. See filet!.
• »
finaz jLi m.(K)/f.(B) ()• 1) cleverness, cunning (K);
evil deeds (HH): -fel d finaz (EP-7) trick, prank,
ruse, monkey business; 2) mockery, ridicule (B).
{also: finyaz (K); <finaz> tUi (HH)| IEP-7/B//HH//K]
<fen; fereset>
fincan (A/JB3/IF) = cup. See fincan.
find A-J m. (). candle: •Find v£ ket (AB) The candle
flared up. [also: fend (EP-7); findank [2]; findik
(A); [fynd] (JJ); <find> a- 3 (HH)) {syn:$ema [2];
§emal[k]) [AB/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH//A] cg’ira I; fitil;
mum>
findank f. (). l) candlestick (IFb/TF); 3) wax
candle (JB3/OK). {also: finddang (TF); finddank
(IFb)l [JB3/OK//IFb//TF] <find>
finddang (TF) = candlestick. See findank.
finddank (IFb) = candlestick. See findank.
findeq (K/IFb/B/OK/CB) = hazelnut. See
bindeq.
findik (A) = dim. of find.
195
findiq (GF/Kmc-2) = hazelnut. See bindeq.
findiqi (). Turkish coin: *Xurcek t’iji zere
findiqi kir (EP-7) He filled a saddlebag with gold
findiqs. [EP-7]
finyaz jLji (K) = cleverness; ridicule. See finaz.
fir I ^3 f. (-a;~e). gulp, sip, swallow, swig: -fire av
(B) a drink of water: «He qe fire av ji
venexwariye CIS-298) He hasn’t even had so
much as a sip of water; -fir kirin (K/IF/B) to slurp
while drinking (tea, soup, etc J; -fir le dan (Bw) to
sip. {also: firik (A); firk II (K); [fyr J /fyrek] Jj] (JJ);
<firek> Jj (HH)J [IS/K/IF/B/JJ//HH] <daqurtandin:
dauran; qurtandin>
fir II J adj. wide, loose (of stitches): -dirwara fir
(Zeb) wide or loose stitch, {also: <fir> (Hej))
>
[Zeb/Hej] <dirwar>
firandin jjj] j vt. (-firin-). to cause to fly (off), send
flying (K/A/JB3/1F/BK): *Sere wi firand (JJ) He
had his head cut off [lit. 'He caused his head to fly
off], {also: firrandin (BK); frandin (A); [ferandin]
(JJ); <firandin (difirine)
(HH)1 [K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//A//BK//JJ) <firin>
firaq f/m.(JBl-S) ( ;-§/). crock, vessel, large
bowl; dishes, plates (Msr): *Firaq tiji savar e
(AB) The bowl is full of [bulgur] groats, {also: fera
(K/BK); feraq (B/JBl-S); fere (IFb-2); firax (JB3/IF-
2); [fyraq] ^ (JJ); <firax> j (HH)) { syn: aman;
dewri; teyfik) [AB/IFb/]J/Msr//JB3//K/BK//B/)Bl-S// I-IH]
<aman; lali II; senik>
firaq§o ()■ dishwasher (person). < firaq =
'dish(es)' + § 0 - [§u§tin] = 'to wash' [Msr]
firar J\m. (-e ; ). fugitive, runaway; deserter. { also:
[ferari] J (JJ)) {syn: qagax (F); revi (F)) < Ar
farrar J J = 'runaway, fugitive’ [K/IF/Ba2/JR//JJ]
firaset o^l> = shrewdness; talent. See fereset.
Firat ol J (OK) = Euphrates. See Ferat.
firavin q.J)j f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: nane nivro (B);
naverok [2] (A)) lunch, midday meal; 2) a meal
taken between lunch and dinner (HH). {also:
firawin (IF/SK); [ferawin] J (JJ); <firavin> J
(HH))| According to JJ < P faravan J =
'abundant,' because lunch is the heaviest meal of
the day. Another etymology: < O Ir *fra-pI0wa-na-
[plGwa- = 'meat, lunch'] (A&L p. 83 [III, 4) + M.
Schwartz): Av ra-pi0pln- = noontime’
[Zx/K/JB3/B/JJ/HH/Msr/Bw//IF/SK/TF] <§iv; ta§te>
firawin J (IF/SK) = lunch. See firavin.
firax j (JB3/IF) = bowl. See firaq.
firdik -Jj J (A/IFb/GF/TF) = dish consisting of yoghurt,
water, and bread. See firdoqi.
firdoqi J f (-ya;-y@). dish consisting of
••
yoghurt and water [ =dew] to which pieces of bread
have been added, {also: firdik (A/IFb/GF/TF))
[Qzl//A/IFb/GF/TF]
fire o J (K/B) = wide. See fireh.
fireh & 0 J adj . wide, broad; spacious: -bena fk~d
fireh bun (L) to calm down: »Dawiye b§na
min fireh bibe, eze bixwim (L) When I calm
down [lit. 'when my breath will become broad’], I
will eat. {also: fire (K/B); [fereh] o J (JJ))
berfireh) {± teng) [Pok. plIt-(pl8d-)/pl6t/pl6t-/plat-
833.] ’broad, to spread’: Skt prathas- = Av fraBah- =
’breadth’ & Skt prthu- = Av per80u- = 'broad, wide';
Mid P ffa_x = 'large, wide, spacious, ample,
prosperous' (M3); P ferax^l js --> T ferah; Sor
frewan {firehi: fireti; fireyi)
[L/A/JB3/IF/JJ/JB1-S//K/B]
firehi ^ 0 f. (). 1) width, breadth; 2) spaciousness.
{also: fireti (K); fireyi (K/B); [ferehi/ ferahi] (JJ))
[K/A/IF/JJ/JB1-S//B] <fireh>
fireng Jjom. (Kr§) = tomato. See firing!.
firengi ^ o(Rh/Frq/Erg/Klk/Bw) = tomato. See
■ ■
P » • A
iinngi.
fireti j (K) = width; spaciousness. See firehi.
fireyi > (K/B) = width; spaciousness. See firehi.
90
fireqet adj. 1) {syn: tena) calm, serene: *Ewi
icar hacete xwe freqet derxist sere
Iskender kur kir (EH) Then he calmly took out
his equipment and shaved Iskender’s head; 2) free.
{also: freqet (EH); cf. also [feriqet] (JJ)) < P
farayat ^3 = 'leisure, freedom from care 1 < Ar
farayah > [EH//K/B]
firez (K) = elevation. See fireze.
firez (IFb/GF) = couch grass. See firizi.
fireze oj^ f. (). 1) field of stubble (A/JB3/IF): -
merge u fireze (Z-2) meadows and stubble fields;
2) height, elevation, upgrade slope (K). [also: firez
(K); freze (IFb); pirez; <firez j3>/fireze ojj^/perez
&*>> (Hej)) [Z-2/A/JB3/Hej//IFb//K] <[2] fez>
firfirok .JjGM f. ( ;-e). 1) kite; 2) {syn: be lantik;
p’irp’irok) moth (AB): *Firfiroke xwe avet
egir (AB) The moth leapt [lit. 'threw itself] into the
flame. [AB/A/IFb/GF/OK]
firik (A) = gulp. See fir I.
196
1
F
firingi J f. (-ya; ). tomato, {also: fireng, m. (Kr§);
firengi (Rh/Frq/Erg/Klk/Bw); freng, f. (Rh)} { syn:
bacane sor; stemboli; §amik} Cf. P badenjan-e
ferengl ^ jL*; jL [=gowje-ye ferengl ^Js
•• »»
= ’tomato' <ferengl ^ (Ar ifranj ^^il) = 'Frank,
European’ [Rh/Frq/Erg/Klk/Bw//IFb/RZ/Krnc-2//
Kr§//Rh]
firig c(Antep/IFb) = unripe plant. See fink,
firik «« f. (-a;-e). unripe, green (pistachioes, wheat,
etc.): «Heta genim firike, melle §irike (Z-
1460) As long as the wheat is green the mullah is a
partner [prvj. [also: ferik (GF); firig (Antep-2/IFb-
2); [firik] (JJ); <firik> (HH)) Cf. Ar farlk
«*L>9 = 'dried green wheat grains (used in cooking)’;
Sor ferik - ’unripe' gen. prefixed to names of
certain fruits, esp. nuts, which may be so eaten,
e.g., feiikebadem = 'unripe almonds' & fenkenok -
'chick-peas sold on stalk'
[Antep/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/TF/OK/AA//GF] <xam>
firin (jj j vi. (-fir-), to flv: •Firiyan (L) They flew
•Teyre go li ezmana re difirin (L) Birds
which flv in the skies, {also: [fyrin] J (JJ); <firin
qjJ) (difire) (HH)} [Pok. 2. (s)p(h)er- 993.]
’to jerk, start; to strew’: Proto Indlr *Vsphar ~>
*Vphar ~> O Ir *Vfar; P p am dan jA.A. : Sor firin
^ J = 'to fly; twitch (of eye)'; Za firrena [firrayi§]
(Mal/Srk) & perrena [perravi§] (Mal/Todd/Srk) = 'to
fly'; Hau piray/piriev (pir-) vi. (M4)
[L/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B//JJ/HH] <firandin; p’er>
firiz a.a (IFb/GF) = couch grass. See firizi.
firizi h ()• couch grass, quitch grass, bot.
Agropyron repens . laiso: firez (IFb/GF-2): firiz (IFb-
2/GF); firuzi (OK/AA/Zeb); <firez j^i/firs
(j-ji/firuzi ^u firuzu 5 (Hej)} {syn: zhvan [2])
Cf. P farez aa - ’type of grass'; Sor firiz =
'bermuda grass; lawn (Kerkuk)'
[Bw//IFb/GF//OK/AA/Zeb]
firk I f. ( ;-e). shudder, quiver (B): -firk bun
(Z-921) to throw (a foal) , give birth (of animals) :
•Wexta jina te Tabize, hespa te firk dibe
(Z-921) When your wife gives birth, your mare will
throw a colt, (syn: girizok) [AB/Z-921/B]
firk II J^3 (K) = gulp. See fir I.
firn j^i/firn qJ [B] f. ( ;-£). nostril(s); animal's
nostrils; for human beings, firnik is used (IF).
( also: firn (B); firnik (K-2/JB3/IF); firnik (Z-2/B-2)}
{syn: bevil [1]; difh [2]; ximximk) Za
pirniki/pimike/firnik f. = 'nose' (Mai)
[Z-2//K//B//JB3/IF] <poz I>
firn«e f. ( ;•§). 1) bakery, bake-house (K/B):
•Nane ve firne timami tu dixwi (L) You eat
all the bread of this bakery/oven; 2) [syn: ten[d]ur}
oven (JB3/B). [also: [fyroun / fyrin (JJ)}
Cf. Ar furn qJ = 'oven' < Lat furnus = 'oven,
furnace’ [L/K/JB3/B//JJ] <kug’ikll; tifik>
firnik j (K/JB3/IF)/firnik j (Z-2/B) = nostril(s).
V
See firn.
firo yj m. (). beestings, colostrum, high-protein milk
secreted [by cows] for a few days after giving birth.
[also: [ferou] (JJ); <firo>(HH)} [syn: zak) O Ir
<*frasa-; Mid P frusag (M3); P furse A; Sor fro
j^/firi§k See: G. Morgenstierne. “Persian
Etymologies,” Norsk Tidsskrift for
Sprogvidenskap , 5 (1932), 55, reprinted in: Irano-
Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1973), p.166. [K/IF/B/JJ/HH] <fir § ik>
firok J= airplane. See firoke.
firoke f. (). airplane, [also: firok} [syn:
ayroplan; balafir; teyare II) Sor firoke =
'aircraft’ [(neol)AB/K(s)/A/JB3]
firo§in (JBl-A) = to sell. See firotin.
firo§tin (A/IFb/JBl-A) = to sell. See firotin.
firotin gp'JA vt. (-firo§-). to sell, [also: firo§in (JBl-
A); firo§tin (A/IFb-2/JBl-A); frotin; [fyroutin]
(JJ); <firotin (difro§e) (HH)} l^k’irin}
<*fra-waxs- (M2, p.79): P foruxtan (-forus-)
C3; Sor firo§tin Za ro§ena [roti§]
t
(Todd); Hau wuretev (wure§-) vt. (M4)
(K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ//A/JBl-A]
firqas f (). jump, leap, bound, spring: -firqas
kirin (K/B)/firqas dan xwe (K) to jump over,
(syn: banz; lotik} (EP-7/K/B] <geng bun [geng III];
pengizin>
firrandin (BK) = to cause to fly. See firandin.
firsend JO cU(IFb/GF) = opportunity. See firset.
firset f. (). opportunity, chance: *Heger ew
deliv (firset) li navbera 1900-1992 ji
dest£n bav H bapiren me gtln, bila ji dest£
me negin (Wit) If our forefathers missed this
opportunity between 1900 and 1992, let us not
miss it. [also : firsend (IFb/GF); [furset] (JJ)‘>
<furset> o—(HH)} [syn : delive; derfet; fesal [l];
197
F
kevlu [2]; k’es) <Ar fursah j ~>T firsat
[Wlt/K//IFb/GF//JJ/HH] <mecal>
fir§ik f. () .1) lamb or kid's stomach (Ag/Kmc);
2) rennet (made from milk in lamb's stomach).
{also: <fir§ik> <Jl£(HH)|
[Ag/A/lFb/HH/GF/TF/Kmc-3035] <firo; §ilav>
firftzi (OK/AA/Zeb) = couch grass. See firizi.
fis f. (). silent fart, noiseless flatulence, "SBD"
(=silent but deadly), as opposed to tiT = audible
fart. | also: [fs] ^ (JJ); <fis> ^ (HH)) Cf. Ar
Vl-s-w& NENA pashi (Maclean) = 'to break
wind noiselessly’; Sor fis ^ = 'hissing noise'
[A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//HH] <tir>
fisfisok jd adj. hollow, quality of a rock or
stone: if its interior is full of holes like a sponge
(i. e., if the wind blows through it), it is called
fisfisok. {syn: ku§) [Wn]
fistaq (GF) = low-quality raisins. See bistaq.
fisteq (TF/OK/AA) = pistachio. See fistiq.
fistiq f. (). pistachio, bot. Pistacia vera. [also:
fisteq (TF/OK-2/AA); fistiq (IFb); [fystiq] (JJ))
{syn; p’iste) < Ar fustuq/fustaq < P peste ax~j
< Mid P *pistak; Sor fistiq ^y^i/fistoq (K3)
[Kmc-2/CB/JJ/GF/OK//IFb//TF/AA]
fistiq Qjwui (IFb) = pistachio. See fistiq.
fi§ Jis m. (-e; ). mucus, snot, [also: <fi§> (HH))
{syn: g’ilka poz; gilm; kilmi§; lik) [Msr/IF/HH]
fitil Jja f. ( ;-§). turn(ing), rotation, circulation; walk,
spin: *Wexta me nane xwe xwar, ez ft Sftto
rabftn, me fitilek dora p&z da, dit, weki
ew Tefiet mexel hatye (Ba2-#2, p.206) When
we finished eating, Suto and 1 got up and took a
turn around the sheep, and saw that they had
returned to the pen without any trouble, {syn: ger
11} [Ba2/K/B] <fetilin>
fitilin (K/B) = to rip; to turn around. See fetilin.
fitil f. (-a;-e). wick: •Ave, ne ave, / Me’r§
miri di nave, / Teyre zerin hindave / Ew
giye? [P’ilta g’ir£, §emal] (Z-1796) It's water,
it’s not water / There's a dead snake in its middle /
There’s a golden bird above it / What is it? [rdl.;
ans.: wick and candle], [also: pilte (F/Z-1796);
[pilt6] <cJj/ [pilta qandili] ^ j^'LL (JJ)) <Arc petlla
K^nS/peftlta & Syr pefilto
NENA ptilta f. (Krotkoff) & ptilta f. (Maclean); Ar
Y
fatil J^i; P patlle <d^o/fatlle aTj^; Sor pilite a^L;
cf. also Arm p‘ilt c a[y] ip|*i_p>uxj ; Rus fitil"
$hthab. The Sor, JJ, and Arm forms feature a
metathesis of -tl- to -It-: for another example of this,
see fetilin and filitin. [K/A/lFb/B//F/JJ/Z-1796]
<find>
fitre I (). unit of measure for grain, c. 12-13 kg.
[also: <fitre> ojb i (HH)) [syn: 'elb [2]}
[IF/SK/Erh//HH]
fikandin vi.(B)/vt.(K) (-fikin-). 1) to whistle;
2) {syn; fitikl) [f. ().] whistling (with lips): *Carna
bi strandin an bi fikandin, b§ tirs ft tela§,
wek pez kuviya, ji tehteke me xwe davete
tehteke din (SW: Erebe §emo. §ivane Kurd,
p.43-44) Sometimes with singing or whistling,
without fear or worry, they would leap from one
rock to another like mountain goats •Keriy§ me
bi nizam li dft §ivan digft ft du§ivan ft zaro
li herdu all, vir da we da, bazdidan, ne
dihi§tin ku nizam xirab be ft bi kopal§n
xwe an bi fikandineke xas di nav keri de
ji her pezi re ciye wi ni§an didan (SW:
Erebe §emo. §ivane Kurd, p.42) Our flock would
follow the shepherd in an orderly way, and the
assistants and boys on both sides, here and there,
would run, not letting the order be lost, and with
their staffs or by whistling a signal they would
show each sheep its place. Cf. Sor fik =
'whistling (with lips)’ [SW/K/A/B/RZ] <fitik I>
fiki m./f.(B) (-ye/ ; /-ye), fruit: •Fiki li ser
• •
dar§ gihane (AB) The fruit ripened on the tree.
{also: feki; feki (K/JB3/B/SC); feqi (JBl-
A/SK/Bw/Zx); [fiki] (JJ); <feki> jCs (HH)) {syn:
ber V; emi§ [1]; mewe) < Ar fakihah A^Sli
[AB/JJ//K/JB3/B/HH/SC//JBl-A/SK/Bw/Zx]
<balete; p’incar>
fil 0 Li m. (-e; ). 1) {syn; *devlok) elephant; 2) bishop
(in chess), {also: [fil] J-J (JJ); <fil> J_j (HH)) Cf. Ar/P
fil [Z-l/F/K/A/JB3/lFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK] <feris
[2]; k’erkedan; k’i§ik>
fincan f. (-a;-e). cup, coffee cup, teacup:
• fincana qaw§ (EP-7) cup of coffee; coffee cup.
{also: fincan (A/JB3/IF-2); [fyndjan] (JJ)} {syn:
k’asik; Pas) Cf. Ar finjan = 'cup' <P pengan
<Arc pinka XDP3 = 'dish, plate' < Gr pinax
mva£ (gen. pinakos mvcucog) = 'board, plank,
tablet, platter, register'. For a discussion of the
etymology of this word cluster (in Heb), see E.Y.
Kutscher. Milim ve-toldotehen [=Words and their
198
F
history]. (Jerusalem : Kiryat-Sefer, 1974), p. 93-95.
[EP-7/K/IF/B//A/JB3/JJ]
fistan f. Q. type of woman's dress; with long
sleeves, open in front, tied at the waist with a
drawstring (Kmc-11). {syn: dere; *taqi) Cf. Ar
fustan T fistan; Gr foustani tfoucrxcxvi;
Romanian fusta; for illustration, see Kmc-11, page
1 [Kmc-11/IFb/GF/OK]
fit (A/IFb) = whistle. See fitik I.
fitik I f. ( ;-e). whistle (with the lips), whistling:
-fitik kutan (IFb)/~ ledan (IFb)/~ lexistin
(Srk/Mzg/IFb)/fiti dan(e) (SK) [+ dat. constr.]/fiti
vedan (Bw) to whistle (at) {syn: fikandin): # Ji
gund£ Argo§, ji 'e§ireta Mizfiri Jori,
muroek hebo, digotin § Sile §emfata ...
'Emre wi neziki sed salan bo ... Biguket
gundi daimi tirane bi wi dikirin, fiti didan
e wi, ew ji tfire dibo, cfln§t kiret didan e
bigukan (SK 59:690) There was a man from the
village of Argosh, of the Upper Miznri tribe, whom
they called Sile Shamfata ... He ivas nearly a
hundred years old ... The children of the village
were always playing jokes on him, whistling at
him, and he used to get angry and abuse them
foully, {also: fit (A/IFb); fiti (Bw/SK)) |syn; fikandin)
[Srk/Mzg/IFb/OK//A/IFb//Bw/SK]
fit• ik II JLwJ f. (*ka; ). snapping (with fingers, as to
summon a servant). [Qzl/Frq]
fiti (Bw/SK) = whistle. See fitik I.
folklor jjUsDji f. (-a;-£). folklore, {syn: zargotin
(Ber/K/Z)} [K/B]
form /. (-a;-e). form, shape; way, manner,
fashion: -[bi] v§ form§ (Z-l)/w§ form§ (Z-l) in
this way: *[Qeretajdin didn’t come to the mir’s
court for four days, because of his guest, Mem.
The mir sends a messenger to see why Qeretajdin
has been absent] Xulam gfi mala Q., wexta
g’e’v Meme k’et, idi xwe bir kir. We
forme mir se-gar meri §andin (Z-l) The
servant boy went to Q’s house, [but] when he laid
eyes on Mem, he forgot himself. In this way the
mir sent three-four men. [Z-l/K/IF/B]
forq ni.&f. ( /-a; ). libertine, profligate. [Z-l/K]
frandin jjjl Js (A) = to cause to fly. See firandin.
freng ddo _J, f. (Rh) = tomato. See firing!,
freqet (EH) = calm. See fir£qet.
freze (IFb) = field of stubble. See fireze.
frotin = to sell. See firotin.
fulan q%3 (SK) = so-and-so. See filan.
furin vi. (-fur-). 1) (syn: k’elin) to boil (vi.) ,
rage (JB3/IF): •Bele qehwa te ne fftre (L) Your
coffee should not boil; 2) to low, moo (of cattle) ;
to bellow, roar (IF/B). Cf. Ar fawar III = 'to boil'
(vi.) [L/JB3/IF/B]
filtik f. (). women’s white headscarf, {syn: git I
[3]) [IFb/GF]
199
ga If m. (gaye/ge; g§, vi gayi). 1) { syn: box) bull,
ox: •Jineke pir hebtlye ... cote gae we
hebtiye (J) There was an old woman ... she had a
pair of oxen •Weki em gaki §erjekin (J) If we
slaughter an ox •Van gayan bibe (AB) Take
those bulls; -gad k’tivi (B) = deer; wild ox. See
gak’uvi; 2) Taurus (astr.). {also: [ga] lf( JJ); <ga> If
(HH)) [Pok. gBou- 482.] 'ox, bull, cow’: Skt gav-
[gauh] O Ir *gaw- [gaus] (Ras p.216)/*gawa-
[A&L p.87 [VIII, 1]): Av gaus [gen. geus)m./Z; Mid
P gaw (M3); Southern Tati dialects (all /): Chali &
Takestani magava = 'cow’ & gav = 'bull';
Ebrahim-abadi & Sagz-abadi gowa; Xiaraji
magowa = cow’; Eshtehardi gow = 'bull' &
gowa/gawa = ’cow’ (Yar-Shater); P gav^lf Sor ga if
Za ga m. (Todd); Hau gawe f. = ’ox, bull’ (M4); cf.
also Arm kov (W: gov) ijnif; Germ Kuh
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<g’elek/mange = cow; ciwange/golik = calf;
gavri/dewar/gare§ = livestock; game§ = buffalo;
garan = cattle; gavan = cowherd; beywan = bovine;
naxir = herd of cattle>
gac ^-If (K) = alabaster; plaster. See gee.
gakovi Jig If (A/IF) = deer; wild ox. See gak’uvi.
gak’uvi (). 1) {syn: ask; mambiz; xezal I)
deer (K/JJ/B): -gelekeke gak’uvi (EP-4) doe,
female deer; 2) {syn: game?) wild ox (B/A/IF);
buffalo (IF); mountain ox (A), {also: gae k’uvi (B);
gakovi (A/IF); [ga kouwi] (JJ)} Cf. P gav-i kuh!
[EP-4/K/B/JJ//A/IF] <ask; ga; game§>
gale-gal Jlf Jlf (K)/galegal Jlf Jlf (JB3/IF/B) = chatter;
bleating. See galigal.
galegurt oj*fJlf (K[s]/IF) = noise; gossip. See
galegurt.
galegfirt o^^fJlf Z (). 1) {syn: hose; k’im-k’imi;
qajeqaj; qalmeqal; qareqar; qerebalix; qireqir;
§erqin) noise, commotion, tumult: *We roje,
Begli dibine ku di nav bajare Mixribiyan,
galegfirteke giran e (L) On that day, Begli sees
that there is a great tumult in the city of
Mighribiyan; 2) {syn: galigal; gotgotk; kurt u pist;
pa§gotini; pitepit) gossip, idle talk, {also: galegurt
(K[s]/IF)} [L//K(s)/IF] <galigal>
galgal Jlfllf (A/JJ) = chatter; bleating. See galigal.
galigal Jlfllf/. (-a;-d). 1) {syn: galegurt [2]; gotgotk;
kurt u pist; pa§gotini; pitepit) talk, chatter, gossip
(K/A); conversation (JB3/IF): # Ev galigal ji deve
te derkeve (L) This talk comes out of your
mouth; 2) {syn: barin II[1]) bleating (of sheep)
(B/HH): *galegala berxa (B) bleating of lambs; 3)
bawling, bitter crying (B): -galegal kirin (B): a) to
bleat; b) to cry bitterly; 4) din, noise made by a
crowd (JJ); crowd, mob (JJ). {also: gale-gal (K);
galegal (JB3/IF/B); galgal (A); [galgal] Jlfllf/JUdc.
(JJ); <kalkal> JlfJlT(HH)) Cf. Ar qll wa-qal JUj Jj»
= 'gossip' [L/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ//HH]
gam plf (IFb/OK/Hej) = threshing sledge. See kam.
gam§§ (j^f*lf ni. (). buffalo: •Rfine game§an ji y§
bizinan pirtire (AB) Buffalo butter is more
plentiful than goat butter; -megame§ (JB3) female
buffalo, cow-buffalo {syn: medek); -neregame§
(JB3/IF) (male) buffalo, (also: camus (IF-2);
[gaoumich ji^lf /gamesh (JJ); <game§>
If (HH)) [AB/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <gedek /sak
= buffalo-calf; medek = female buffalo; revo/qevle
= herd>
gan I jlf vt. (-ge-). to copulate, fuck: *Ne qeltlna
ber bat, ne gana ser gihai (L) No [smoking of]
pipes in the wind, no copulating on the grass
[prv.[ ( also: gayin (K); [gan jlf/gain qj\S] (JJ); <gan>
jlf (HH)) { syn: k’utan; nayin) Cf. O P gadan; P
gayldan jj^Jf/gadan jjlf Sor gan jlf=
'copulation'; Hau gani Z = ’copulation’ & gay (ge-)
vt. = 'to copulate with’ (M4) [BX/K/A/IF/JJ/HH]
gan II jlf (IFb) = udder. See guhan.
gandil Jj jo If (IFb) = udder. See guhandir.
garan jl jlf/garan jljlf [B] Z (-a;-&). herd of cattle:
•Dela box girt, box k’uta, nav garand
gerand (J) He took hold of the ox's tail, beat the
ox, caused him to run among the cattle, {also:
[garan] jljlf(JJ); <garan> jljlf(HH)) (syn: naxir)
[K/A/IF/B//JJ/HH] <gavri; ga>
garanik cJjljlfZ (-a; ). starling, zool. Sturnus
vulgaris (a small black bird), (syn; alik; re§elek;
zerzur) [Bw]
gare§ jiojlf Z (). livestock, cattle, bovines. {also:
<gare§> jiojf (Hej)) (syn; gavri; t’ari§) = Sor
Y
re§ewulax [Zeb/OK/Hej] <dewar; ga;
garan >
garis ^jlfm. (-e; g§ris, vi garisi). 1) (syn: gilgil;
herzin) millet, bot. Panicum miliaceum: *Teyr
got "Te 'elbek garis bidi min, ez§ b£m."
200
G
Go, "Bi qirar eze du 'elb bidim te” (PS-I:13,
p.32, 11.23-24) The bird said, "If you give me a
measure of millet, I will come" [The other one]
said, 'Til even give you two measures”; -garise
sipi (A/IFh) (white) millet [T ak dan]; -garise
xabdre (A/IFh) type of millet which grows near
the Habur River; -garise zer (A/IFb) popcorn [T
sari dan/cin dansi]; 2) { syn: genime§ami; genmok;
gilgile Stembole (Haz); lazut; zuret I| corn, maize,
bot. Zea mays (K): -garise stanboli (A) corn,
maize [T misir dansi]. {also: [gariz] ^jlfQj); <garis>
(HH)) < O Ir *gawarsa (Morg3): ga = 'hull' +
[Pok. 4. uel- 1139.] 'hair, wool, grass, ear (of corn)’:
{cf. Av varasa-; Sgd wrs = 'hair’): Khotanese Saka
gausa; Mid P gawars = 'sorghum, giant millet' (M3);
Pamir dialects: Yidgha yavarso; Parachi gas; Baiui
] u waxcy; Shughni jawaus (Morg); Pashto yost; P
gavars ^^If; Sor garis ^jlf/garis
[J/F/K/A/]B3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <genim;
lazut; tale>
garit*e <cqjlfin. (*e; ). thick wooden beams (in
ceiling of traditional Kurdish house , as opposed to
nfre , thin wooden beams (Bw)). {also: karite (Bw-
2); k’arite (K[s]); [karita (G)/ karlta & garlta lojlf
(Rh)] CJJ)} {syn: k’eran; max) <Syr qarlta Usjod =
'beam, plank' [Bw/IFb/OK//K(s)//JJ] <nire I; rot>
gasin (M-Ak/JJ-Rh) = ploughshare. See gisin.
gav «Jl f f. (-a;-e). 1) instant, moment; time: -gava =
when (conj.) : »Gava qundir wilo ji bave xwe
re got (L) When the gourd said that [lit. 'thus'] to
its father; -gavek din (L) in a minute, soon:
•Eze gavek din bixwim (L) I’ll eat in a minute;
-gaveke = once, one time; -gavina/
gavgavina = sometimes, from time to time; -ve
gave = now; -we gave = then; 2) {syn: pengav)
step, pace: »Em weke garsid-pensid gava ji
pez dur k’etin (Ba2:2, p. 205) We went about
400-500 paces away from the sheep; -gav avetin
(IFb) to take steps, take measures: "Dive li wel§t
u Tirkiyeye ji di vi wari de hinek gav
b£ne avetin (AW71D1) Both in the homeland
and in Turkey some measures should be taken in
this matter, {also: [gaw] olf(JJ); <gav> Jilf(HH)) <0
Ir *gaman- (A&L p. 87 [VIII, 1]): Av gaman- = 'pace'
M, v.l, p.220); Za gam f. = ’step’ (Todd); also P
hangam - ’time, season'; Sor
hengaw 3 l ti&jt = 'step, pace; time, season'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/]J/HH/GF/TF/OK] <car; dem;
wext>
gavan jUl f m. (-e; gaven [BK/B]/geven [B]/gavin
[B]/gevin [B], vi gavani). cowherd, "cowboy,"
cattle herdsman. { also: [ga-van] jljlf (JJ); <gavan>
jUl f (HH)) Cf. P gavban jbjlf = herdsman; Sor
gawan (gavan[t]i) [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/TF/OK/BK] <ga; §ivan>
gavani (TF) = cowherding. See gavanti.
•• ^
gavanti f f. ( ;-ye). profession of cowherd or
• •
cowboy; cattle herding, {also: gavani (TF))
[K/B//TF] <gavan>
gavzinde (M-Ak) = complaint. See gazin.
gayin (K) = to copulate. See gan I.
gaz I jlf (K/B/JJ/GF/TF) = ell. See gez I.
gazin Qj\f f. (). complaint (F/K/B); reproach
(A/GF/OK): -gazin kirin (F/B)/gazinde kirin
(SK) to complain: *Eve ez gumeve, gavzinda
neke (M-Ak #657, p.296) Now I'm going, so don't
complain *Gazinda ji min neket (Bw) Lest he
complain about me. I also: gavzinde (M-Ak);
gazinde (SK/Bw); gazvinde (Ak/AA); [gazin]
(JJ); <gazind> jjjlf(HH)) {syn: gili I [2]; §ikyat] Sor
gazinde [F/K/A/JJ/B/JB1-S/GF/TF/OK//HH//
SK/Bw//Ak//M-Ak]
gazinde ojJ jlf (SK/Bw) = complaint. See gazin.
gazi ^jlf f. ( ;-ye). call, shout, yell: -gazi kirin (RZ)
to shout, yell, call; to summon, invite {syn: bang
kirin; le deng kirin): •Em gazi wana gi§ka kin
9
(Ba) Let's call (^summon) them all *Gazi jina xo
kir, "Zu be, do§ek u balgan da-ne d
zadeki xo§ Jiazir ke, ko mewaneki zor
'eziz bo me hatiye" (SK 8:82) He called to his
wife, "Hurry, set out mattresses and cushions and
prepare some good food, for a very dear guest has
come to us." {also: [gazi] & jlf(JI); <gazi> (HH))
{syn: bang; hawar) Sor gaz jlf = 'cry, call’
iK/A/IBit/lFb/B/n/nil/IB-l-A^S/SK/Gl'/Tr/OK/RZ]
gaz u belan 3 ji f pL? niountaintops, summits,
peaks; high mountains: *Rabe, gaz u belan§
bilind k’eve (EP-4, #32) Get up, climb to the
highest peaks. [EP-4/XF] <gTya>
gazvinde ojutfjlf (Ak/AA) = complaint. See gazin.
gebar jL*f adj. mixed up, confused, (syn: gildi (Wn))
[Wn]
201
G
geboz jJjaT/. (). gully, ravine: -geli-geboz (Ba2) do.
{syn: dergeli; derteng; geli II; zang; zer II) ?< T
bogaz = 'throat; mountain pass, gorge' [Ba2/K]
gee gaf f. ( ;-e). lime; alabaster, gypsum; plaster.
(also: gac (K); geg (IF[s]); geg (IF[s]-2); [ghetch] gf
(JJ); [ghiez] jf{)] -G)} {syn: ces; k’ils) Cf. P gac ^ Sor
'gypsum' [F/B//K//IF//JJ]
geg^-^f (IF[s]) = alabaster; plaster. See gee.
gede m. ().l) tramp, vagrant, hobo; street urchin
(K); beggar (JJ): -gede-gude (K)/gede-guda (Z-l)
do.; 2) {syn; kur II; law) boy, male child (DZK/EH):
•Teyr gede bir gd adeke be’reda dani (EH)
The bird picked up the boy and took him to an
island in the sea. {also: [gheda] I aT (JJ); <geda> IaT
(HH)) < P gada )jf= 'beggar' [Z-l/K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
<p’arsek; xwazok>
gedek -aEoaT f. ( ;-e). buffalo-calf, {also: [ghedek] JaT
(JJ); <gedek> (HH)| {syn; sak (Haz/IF))
[K(s)/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B] <game§ ; medek>
gef <JaT m.(K)/f.(B/JB3/IF ) ( ; /-e). threat, menace:
-gef [le] xwarin (K) to threaten: •Mehmud
xeydi, dile xweda gef xwerin (EP-8) M. got
angry, in his heart he threatened them, {also: [ghef]
oif (JJ); <gef> o^(HH)} [EP-8/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
geh I aaT f. (-a; ). finger joint(s): -geha desti (Zeb)
do. {also: gehe (GF/IFb-2); [gheh] aT(JJ); <geh> aT
(HH)) [FK-l/A/IFb/HH/JJ/OK/Zeb//GF] <hence;
movik>
geh II aaT adv. sometimes, at times: -geh ... geh (ji)
(Cxn-KE/K) do.: *Geh ew li cem axe ye,/ Geh
ji li cem gelebi (Cxn-KE: Rencbere Bi rumet) At
times he is with the agha, / At times he is with the
gentleman, {also: [gheh-gheh] a5aT(JJ); <geh> aT
(HH)) {syn: car[i]na; gavina) < P gah o\f = 'time;
place'; Sor ga ... ga \f .. .\f= 'at one time ... at
another time' [Cxn-KE/K/ A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
<car>
gehan ^LaaT = to arrive; to ripen. See gihan I.
gehe§tin ^-^aaaT(- gehej- [JBl-A]/-gehej- [JBl-S]/-gihe-
[SK]) (JBl-A&S/SK) = to arrive; to ripen, mature.
See gihi§tin.
gehi§tin (Ja^aT (-gehij-[IF]/-geh- [M-Zx]) (IF-2/M-Zx) =
to arrive; to ripen, mature. See gihi§tin.
gehin ^aaT(M) = to arrive; to ripen, mature. See
gih!§tin.
gel J m. (-e; ). 1) multitude, crowd, pack: -gele
gur (Ba) a pack of wolves; 2) {syn: net’ewe)
people, folk, nation: •Hezen kolonyalist
dixwazin gel6 me z§ndi bikine gor§ (Ber)
The colonialist forces want to bury our people
alive: -gele K’urd = the Kurdish people: *Ev
erde han e gel§ Kurd e b§ wan kes t§ de
rfinane (BX) This land belongs to the Kurdish
people, and besides them nobody lives on it. {also:
gele I (Ba)} <0 Ir *garda-/*grda- (A&L p. 87 [VIII, 1]
+ 97 [XXI, 9]): Sor gel Ja f= 'assemblage, crowd' &
'people (K2)' [Ba/K[s]/A/JB3/IF/Haz]
gelac giof adj. impostor, phony, charlatan, quack;
corrupt, unjust, {also: gelag (GF-2); [gheladj] JJ);
<kelaj> ^T(HH)) [Zeb/A/JJ/GF/TF/OK//HH]
<'ewan II; qumsi>
gelag (GF) = charlatan; corrupt. See gelac.
gelale J^aT/ 1 (). tonsil, {also: <gelale> A_J^AT(Hej)}
{syn; behivok) =Sor alu Jb [Ak/IFb/OK/Hej/Kmc-3]
<argu§k>
gelavej f. ( ;-e). Sirius, Canicula, Dog Star, star
in constellation Canis Major, {also: gelawej
(IFb/GF); [ghill-aweizh] j-Sif (JJ)) Sor gelawej
= 'Sirius; month in July-August'
[Zeb/K(s)/JJ//IFb/GF]
gelawej (IFb/GF) = Sirius, Dog Star. See gelav§j.
gelaz j^aT(A) = plum. See gelaz [2].
gelbaze ojUAf(IFb) = string of dried fruits. See
gelwaz.
gele I JaT(B a) = crowd; people. See gel.
gele II aJaT (B) = very; much. See gelek.
gelek JaJa f adv. 1) {syn: p’ir II; qewi; ze’f) very, very
much: »Ew gavan geliki tirsiya (L) That
cowherd was very much afraid *M. gelek! §a§ ft
Keyri ma (EP-7) M. was very surprised and
bewildered (^didn’t know what to do) *Ew§
bihist bft, weki m£vanek! gele 'eziz hatye
mala Qeret’ajdin (EP-7) She heard that a very
dear guest had come to Qeretajdin's house; 2) [ adj.]
[syn: p’ir II; ze’f; zor II) much, many: *Gelek
rewinge mina te ji re dadigerine (EP-7) She
leads many travelers like you off the road (=astray)
•Gelek! ewana xeber dan (EP-7) They spoke
for a long time [lit. 'much'] # Bi taybet! Celadet
Bedirxan ft gelek ronakbiren Kurd ... (Ber)
Especially C.B. and several Kurdish intellectuals
•di nav gelek salan da (Ber) in several years.
{also: gele II (B-2); geleki (Ba2); geliki (L); gelle I;
202
G
gellek; [ghelek] JUfQJ); <gelek> JLlf(HH)) = Sor
zor [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B//L)
geleki (Ba2) = very; much. See gelek.
gelemperi f. (-ya; ). most, the majority of:
• Gelempertya xelk§n v! bajar! bi tirki
dizanin (BX) Most of the people of this city know
Turkish. (syn: bet’ir [2]; p’irani) [BX]
gelem§e (). (noisy) quarrel, dispute,
conflict, difference (of opinion), disagreement;
brawl, scene; uproar, tumult: • Gelem§eyen ku
di nav salan de, li ser hev kom bilne hene
(Wit 1:49, p.16) There are quarrels which have
accumulated over the years. [ syn : cerenix; cure;
de’w II; doz [l]; gel§; k’eft u left; k’e§mek’e$; k’e§e;
mi§t u mir; p’evgun) [Wlt/A/IFb/OK]
geleri 1) popular, folksy, folk:
•"Musikiya Geleriya Kurdistan" = Folk
Music of Kurdistan (name of a series of cassette
tapes produced by tbe Institut Kurde de Paris) ; 2)
national (IF). (a!so:geler II (IF); geleri (IF)) [IF]
*gel§r I f. Q. throng, multitude, crowd.
[SW/JB3]
geler II jJof (IF) = folksy, popular; national. See
geleri.
geleri (IF) = folksy, popular; national. See
geleri.
gelgel*e m. (•§; ). "carpet" of autumn leaves
on the ground, {also: gelgelok (Zeb-2)) [Zeb)
<xezal II>
gelgelok (Zeb) = autumn leaves. See gelgele.
geliki L) = very; much. See gelek.
geli I ^6$ vocative particle O, hey (used with plural
nouns, corresponding to lo used with masc.
singular nouns & le with fern.; the accompanying
noun is in tbe oblique case) : # Gelt hevala! (B) O
friends! •Geli mirovan = O/hey men! *Geli
§agirta! (B) O students! •Gelle bira (IS-#142) O
brothers! {also: gelle II (IS)} [K/A/IF/B] <le III; lo;
ya>
geli II (-ye ; geli, vi gelifyi]). 1) [sjm;
dergeli; derteng; geboz; zang; zer III ravine, gorge,
canyon, gully; mountain pass (JB3): -geli-geboz
(Ba2) do.; 2) river valley, wadi (Haz).
[Ba2/K/A/JB3/IF/B/Haz] <aran; kendal; newal>
gelle I oDof - very; much. See gelek.
gelle II (IS) = vocative particle. See geli I.
gellek jJdJUof* = very; much. See gelek.
gelmi ^^(MC-l) = ship. See gemi.
geloyJiT intrg. 1) intrg. particle (signals questions) :
•Gelo nave, weki em eve qiza nazik
bigihinine ewi xorte tu beji? (Z-l) Shouldn’t
we bring this fine girl to that young man [who] you
spoke of? [lit. 'you say’] [cf. P aya 1>T; Ar hal Jjfc /a-
c
)]; 2) {syn: be II; gika; ka; qe) whether (introduces
indirect questions) : •"Bizanin gav bidSrin
binSrin gelo xelk gi dibSjin (H.)" (BX)
Know how to wait and see what people say # Bine
em evare p’ere k’axaza cigarS bikne bin
do§eka Osib, le ya her yanzde dine herekS
qore bizmal bikne bin do§eke wan, gika
k’i ji wana te derdixe, gelo me ti§t kiriye
bin do§eke wana yan§ na (Ba) In the evening
we will put a cigarette paper under Joseph's
mattress, but under the mattresses of the others let's
put a handful of nails, to see who guesses whether
or not we put something under their mattresses
•Heta ku em pe neKesin, gelo ew gi dilye
(Ba2:2, p.205) Until we find out what the smoke is.
I also: [gheloljJf (JJ); <g[u]lo> jJf (HH)J
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//HH]
gel§ off (-a;-e). quarrel, divergence, difference of
opinion, dispute; conflict, disagreement; confusion
(HH): *Gel§ek ketiye nav beyna me (JB3) We
do not agree with each other, we can't reach an
understanding »Tu jt ji xwera binere li v§
t’ema§e, li ve gel§e (Z-2) You also look at this
sight, at this conflict, {also: [gheldj gheltch
(JJ); <gele$> jUT(HH)) {syn: cerenix; cure; de’w II
[u doz]; gelem§e; k’e^mek’e?; k’e§e; mi§t u mir;
p’evgun) [Z-2/IF/JB3/JJ//HH]
gelt m. (-e; ). type of kilim, flat-weave pileless
carpet, {also: [gildlke] Jj yJf (JJ/PS)) (syn: her IV;
cacim; cil II; k’ilim; mer§; tejik) [HB/A/Krs//PS/JJ]
gelte ocdof (). 1) harmless tussle or scuffle, joking with
one another (A); a game (HH); 2) (syn: de’w II; doz
[1]} violent quarrel, dispute, argument (A/JJ). {also:
[ghilte] *Jf(JJ); <gelte> <u!f(HH)| Sor galte
’joke, jesting' [A/HH//JJ]
gelve§ln f ()• rag used for wiping the sweat
off a horse: -hesp gelve§in kirin (K) to tend to,
care for (borse); to rub down: •[Hesp§ xwe
mefies ft gelve§in kir] (PS) He combed and
rubbed down his horse, {also: [gal-vaSln] []])}
[PS/K/JJ] <mehes>
203
G
gelwaz f.(Hk/K/B)/m.(Elk/Frq) (-a/ ;-e/ ). 1)
{syn: §aran; xaruz) wreath or string of dried fruits
or vegetables for winter use: in Dersim [Tunceli]
often dried pears and apples (IFb), in Farqin
[Silvan] often garlic, onions, and the like; 2)
garland, wreath (of flowers) (K). See gulwaz.
[also: gelbaze (IFb-2); gewlaz (Frq/K/B); gilwaz
(Elk); [galv4z] j)^}f (JJ-PS); <gelwaz> (HH))
[Elk//Frq/K/B//Hk/A/IFb/JJ-PS/HH/GF] <beni II;
me§lur>
gem f. (-a;-e). bridle; bit, snaffle (of horse's
bridle) : •Gem u qentirmen hespa gawan in?
(Wit 1:42, p.4) How are the horses’ bits and
bridles? {also: gem (Wlt/OK); [ghem] pf(JJ); <gem>
pf (HH)) ( syn: bizmik; celew I) <T gem = 'bit (of a
bridle) 1 [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//Wlt/OK] <dizgin;
lixab; qet’irme>
gemar (JB3/IF[1]/JJ) = dirty. See gemari.
gemari adj. 1) {also: gemar (JB3/IF[l]); [ghemar]
jLT(JJ)} {syn: gepel; p’is; qiler; qirej) dirty
(Ad/A/IF); filthy [more intense than just dirty
[qiler]) (K$); 2) [f.] dirt, filth, dirtiness, filthiness
(JB3/IF/JJ/B). [Ad/A/JB3/IF/B/K§]
gem! f. (-ya;-ye). 1) i syn: ke§t[i]) ship, vessel
(K/F/JJ); steamer, steamship (K); rowboat (K); 2)
fleet (K). {also: gelmi (MC-1); [ghemi] C5 -f(JJ);
<gemi> (HH)) < T gemi = 'sbip'; =Sor nawe o 3 b
[Z-2/F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH//MC-1] cbehr; belem;
cengke§ti = ’battleship'; ferget = ’frigate’>
gemnok (Bw) = corn. See genmok.
*gen Qof (A) = tick. See gene.
genav f. (). fen, swamp, marsh; stagnant water.
[syn: cimcime II) Sor genawjb = 'evil-smelling
pool (often sulphureous)' [Zeb/OK]
gencine f (-ya; ). treasure: # Le xwede
meke, ko tu seb talankirina gencineya
mar! mar! bikuji (KH, p.34) God forbid that
you kill the snake in order to pillage its treasure.
[syn: define; xizne) cf. P ganjlne Sor gene
= 'treasure 1 & gencine = ’closet, store¬
room'; cf. also Ar kanz yS - ’treasure'
[KH/K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
gen*e < 0 *^ f(B/K)/m.(F) (»a /;•§/). tick (parasite) ,
zool. Trichodectes: -gena text© (K) bug [Rus klop
KAori]. {also: *gen (A); [ghene] <uf(JJ)} {syn: qirni)
Cf. P kane --> T kene; Sor gene Cf. Heb
kinah H3D (pi. kinim = 'louse' (pi. ’lice')
[F/K/IF/B/JJ//A] <keg’; spi II; zuri>
gengaz jl &*fadj. easy, simple; possible?: •Le bi
dest xistina Kela Dimdime ji bo eceman
negengaz bu (Zend 2, iii [1997], p.56) But
getting hold of the Fortress of Dimdim was not easy
[or, was impossible?] for the Persians, {syn: asan)
[Zend/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ]
gengaz! f. (). ease, simplicity, {syn: asani)
[IFb/GF]
genim m. (~e; genim, v! genim!). wheat:
• Kuf dere [ = deve?] t’efa vedikin, genim To
dikine 'erde (Ba-1, #3 7) The boys open the sacks
[lit. 'the doors (or: mouths) of the sacks'], and pour
out the wheat onto tbe ground # T 5 era vekin,
genim raxin, bira zuhyabe, xirab nebe (Ba-
1, #36) Open the sacks, scatter tbe wheat, let it dry
out, lest it go bad; -genime §am! (A/IFb)/~ §am
(GF) = corn. See genime§ami. {also: [ghenym]
(JJ); <genim> -j^(HH)} Cf. Skt godhuma- m.\ O Ir
*gantuma- (Ras p.216): Av gantuma-; P gandom
p^ Sor genim Za genim/genem m. (Mai);
Hau gemne f. (M4)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/0K] <bij! III;
garis; gilgil; herzin; korik; lazut; xirovi; types of
wheat: bij!re§; gewre; qendari; sorgul I>
genime§am pU^ *f, f. (OK) = corn. See genime§ami.
genime§am! m. (). corn, maize, bot. Zea
• •
mays, [also: genime§am, f. (OK); genime §ami
(A/IFb); genime §am (GF); genme§am, f. (OK-2);
[genim-e shame] (JJ-Rh)) [syn: garis [e stanboli];
genmok; gilgile Stembole (Haz); lazut; zuret I)
[K(s)/SK//OK//A/IFb//GF//JJ-Rb]
genimok (A/OK) = corn. See genmok.
gen! (jof adj. 1) stinking, putrid, foul smelling: »B!na
• •
gen! te (B) Something stinks
•Dijmin...zindanen xwe yen geni, ji keg u
xort§n me yen ciwan tiji kirin (Wit 2:59,
p.7) The enemy...has filled its stinking prisons with
our young people [lit. 'young/beautiful girls and
youths'] •Keftare gen!, em te nas dikin (Wit
2:100, p.13) Stinking hyena, we know who you
are [or, we recognize you] •Sosik ava gen!
xwer bti, nikarbti ji g’em derbaz bibtiya
(FK-kk-13:129) Sosik [the horse] drank putrid
water, [and] couldn’t cross the river; 2) rotten, bad;
3) [syn: k’iret) ugly (Qnr). {also: genu (IFb-2);
204
«
[gheni] ( yf (JJ); <geni> c yf(HH)| [Pok. g^edh- 466.]
'to push, injure, destroy': Skt gandha- m. - 'smell,
odor'; O Ir *gandaka- (A&L p. 87 [VIII, 1] + 96 [XX,
3]): Av gainti- = 'stink'; Mid P gand = stench' &
gandag 'stinking' (M3); Manich. Mid P gannagl; Sor
geniw= ’rotten’ [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ JBl-
A&S/GF/TF/OK/£nr] <kureder; fizin>
genme§am f. (OK) = corn. See genime§ami.
genmok (-a; ). corn, maize, {also: gemnok
(Bw-2); genimok (A/OK)} {syn: garis[e stanboli];
genime §ami; gilgile Stemhole (Haz); lazut; zuret 1}
<dim. of genim = ’wheat 1 ; folk etymology, genim +
nok = 'chick peas' (Bw) [Bw//A/OK]
genu^J aT(IFIi) = stinking; ugly. See gem.
gep I (IFb/OK/JJ/K§) = cheek. See gup.
gep 11 ^^(B^k) = nose. See k[’]epi.
gepek JajaT f. Q. a small piece, a slice, a bite (with
indefinite suffix -ek) : •Hereke me gepeke (L)
Each one of us is [only] a bite (=hardly worth
*
eating). [K/A/1F] <fir I>
ger I jaT(GF) = if. See eger I.
ger II jof f. (-a;-e). 1) [svn: fitil} a walk, stroll, turn,
spin; 2) I syn: govek) orbit, circle: «Teyr gereke
serda ziviri (EP-5, #17) The bird circled above
her [lit. 'turned [in] a circle above']; 3) {syn: dor;
nobet; sire) one's turn (Bw): «lcar gera min e
(lFb) It’s my turn now. {also: <ger> J* (HH)} Gf. Sor
ger 'turn, bend, false claim, gulf, circle,
circular motion, functioning' [EP-5/F/K/A/lFb/B/
HH/OK/Bw]
ger III jof f. (-a; ). 1) (sra; gol} lake (Hk/lFb); 2) pool
(M-Am/IFb): «Ger et heyn, pigek biguk in.
Her §ev de ave berdene, mas! de hen, de
tij i mas! bin. Pi§ti hing! de ber den, li wa
gera mas! de minin teda (M-Am #724, p.334)
They have pools, which are rather small. Every
night they let the water into them and the Fish will
come and they become full of fish. Afterward they
let (the water) off and the fisli stay in the pools.
{also: <ger> ^f(HH)} [Hk/M-Am/IFb/HH] <gerik
II>
geran I q) jaT(A) = to wander; to look for. See gerln.
geran II m. Q. mallet, sledgehammer, {also:
giran II (lFb); karan; kerane (TF/OK/lFb-2);
<keran> jl(HH)) {syn; mire)
[Haz/IFb//HH//TF/OK] <gakug; mek’ut; zomp>
gerandin qjjIjaT /gerandin • vt. (-gertn-).
1) to let wander, let roam (IF/A/BK): *D61a box
girt, box k’uta, nav garane gerand (J) He
took hold of the ox's tail, beat the ox, caused him
to run among the cattle # Min zozana bigerlne
(J) Let me wander in the summer pastures; -li ser
zmane xwe gerandin (JB3) to gossip; 2) {syn:
belav kirin} to pass out/around, distribute
[IFb/JB 3 ): *5ira M. !ro dereng! k’et? Nehat
qawa diwane negerand? (EP-7) Why is M. late
today? [Why] hasn't he come pass out coffee [to the
members] of the court; 3) to wrap, envelop
(JB3/BK): *Deste xwe li stoye min gerand
(JB3) He embraced me *Ji xwe re ter!§ an!, li
sere xwe gerand, xwe kir wek hecik! (RN
30/7/45) He took a bandage, wrapped it around
his head, and made himself into a hadj [^Muslim
pilgrim] «W! belake li ser w! gerand (JB3) He
gave him an unpleasant moment; 4) to guide,
direct, lead, drive: •[Kulik mir, ew fiukum
digerine, FerKat Axa] (PS-I) Kulik died, and
that one is in charge [lit. 'leads the rule'], [i.e.,]
Ferhat Agha: 5) {syn; xapandin) to deceive, fool:
-hevudu gerandin (JB3) to deceive one another.
{also: [gherandin] qj : x>) j? ( JJ) ; <gerandin
(digerine) ( ^fj)> (HH)) [J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/TF/OK/BK] <gefin>
gerand! adj. transitive (gram.): -lekera
•«
(ne)gerand! (IF) (in)transitive verb, {syn:
derbazbuv!) =Sor teper [(neol)IF] <leker>
gerane adj. subjunctive, optative (gram.): -
Taweya gerane (IF) subjunctive mood. \syn:
bilani 11) [(neol)IF] <rawe>
gerdan q\ jjaT(JJ) = neck; collar. See gerden.
gerdek f ( ;-e). bridal chamber: -gtin
gerdeke (IS-#268) to go to the bridal chamber,
i.e., to get married, {also: [gherdek] JJ)} < P
gerdak -Jj j? - 'round tent; nuptial chamber' — > T
gerdek; Sor gerdek JoJjaT[IS/IF/JJ]
gerden jaT /. (- a;-e). 1) {also: [gherdan] q)(J f)\
<gerden> J" (HH)) neck; throat; 2) {aiso;
[gherdan] jlj^f(JJ)} collar: -gerdena xwe p6 aza
kirin (Dh/Zeb) to renounce one's claim to stg. said
by s.o. departing to those remaining behind [=if I
owe you stg. due to a wrongdoing, renounce your
claim to it] [cf. T hakkim helal etmek]: «Ez te bi
xud@ didem e stindS ko ji §ol@t min bi te
205
G
kiri gerdena min aza ke (SK 9:89) I conjure
you by God to pardon me for everything I have
done to you •Hakimi got, "Bismilla, ew
kiye?" Gote, "Hu§§§, ez melaykete ruh-
kS§ane me." ftakimi gote, "Muhleta min
bide Beta subey da ez ruxseta xo 'eyale xo
bixazim, gerdena xo pe aza bikem." (M-Ak
#541) The governor said, "By God, who is that?"
He said, "Hush, I am the angel who carries off
souls." The governor said, "Give me a respite until
tomorrow so that I may take leave of my family
and free myself of any obligation to them"; 3) {also:
gerdeni (IF/B); [gherdani/ gherdeni]
<gerdeni> ^j/(HH)| necklace: *Ew zefe
gerdena xwe ft guhare xwe ji datine ser
t’ae mezine (Ba) She puts the gold of her
necklace and earrings onto the pan of the scales.
Cf. P kardan j j Jf ~> T gerdan; Sor gerdin j j -
’neck’; Hau gerden m. (M4) [Ba/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH//J)|
<gewri; p’esir [2]; stu>
gerdeni ^oJjaT (IF/B/HH) = necklace. See gerden [3].
• a
gerdenzer joj^oJjaT adj. having a beautiful throat or
neck: •Qeret’ajdine mini gerden zere (Z-2)
You are my Qeretajdin of the beautiful neck.
< gerden = 'throat' + zer = 'yellow' [Z-2/K]
gere o >j*f= it is necessary. See gerek.
gerek Jojof. [it is] necessary, must: •Rastya xwed§
ji eve, gere du sere ge negine ser beTgiki
(Dz) This is God's truth, two good heads must not
go on one pillow «Her listikeke gere we ciye
xwe biguhasta, le we usa nekir (Z-l) You
should have changed places for every game, but
you didn't •Ev£ listike gere tu d Memeva
ciye xwe biguhezin (Z-l) For tbis game, you
and M. must change places «Gerek§ hiln rind
miqati wi bin (Ba) You must take good care of
him. {also: gere; gereke; [gherek] J^f(JJ)) ( syn:
dive(t) [viyan]; lazim; pewist) < T gerek =
'necessary': Old T kerak & kergak I (Nadeliaev
p. 300) & kergek 'necessity, necessary' became
kerek by elision of the -g- at an unusually early
date ... S[outh]W[est] Osm[anli] gerek (Clauson p.
742): Sor gerek (dialect of Sinneh [Sanandaj])
[Dz/Ba/K/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
gereke = it is necessary. See gerek.
geremol Jj^ojAff. (). disorder, chaos, mess: •Welat
bi her awayi tev lihev bflbti, alozi 11
geremolen siyasi H abori li pey hev
dihatin ft her roj gelek meriv dihatin
ku§tin (MUm, p.51) The homeland was confused
in every possible way, incidents of political and
economic distress and disorder came one after the
other and every day many people were killed.
{syn: k’eft u left; k’af-k’un) [MUm/Frq/IFb/OK]
ger«ik I j*f f. (*ka; ). 1) fine powder or dust; 2)
pollen (GF/OK/Hej); 3) sawdust; 4) bran dust:
-gerka siviye (Zeb) do. {also: [ghirik] J j? (JJ);
<girik> J(HH); <gerk> (Hej)} P garde
'fine powder, pouncing powder, pollen 1
[Bw/Zeb/GF/OK/Hej//JJ/HH]
ger*ik II Jj/f (• ka; ). puddle, little pool:
-gerka ave (Bw) do. {also: gerrek (IFb)}
[Bw//IFb] <ger III>
gerinende 0 jjcUjAr(Rnh) = director. See gerinende.
geriyan jL jaT(JB 3/IF) = to wander; to look for. See
gerin.
gerih (IFb) = unripe almond. See g§rih.
gerin vi. (-ger-). 1) to wander, roam: # Ez§
bigerim heyani sola min biqete (L) I will
wander until my shoes crack; 2) [+ li] to look or
search for: «Ez li te digerim = I look for you
•isal heft sale min e ez li dinyae li te
digerim (L) This year is the seventh year I have
been roaming the world in search of you
•Kegelok ji xwe re li seyda teyra digeriya
(L) Kechelok was a bird hunter [lit. 'searched for
the hunt of birds’], {also: geran I (A); geriyan
(JB3/IF); geriyan (BX-2); [gheriian] (JJ); <geran
ji(digere) (o(HH)} [Pok. 3. uer- 1152.] 'to
turn, bend': O Ir *vart- (Tsb 37/Tsb2 31) [or
*gart- (A&L p. 84 [IV, 3] + note 9 [p. 101]): Av
vart- (pres, varata-); P gastan (-gard-) ( j jf)\
Sor geran ji jaT(- gere-); Za geyrena [geyrayi§]
(Todd/Mal); Hau gelay (gel-) vi. = ’to go about,
wander’ (M4) [BX/K/B//JB3/IF/JJ//A/HH]
<gerandin>
gerinek J?gerinek [IFb/GF] f. ().
whirlpool, eddy. I also: [gherinek] JLo^T(JJ)} {syn:
*gejik (IFb); zivirok} [Dy/IFb/JJ/GF]
gerinende O Aj AJ_j j Af/gerinende ojJajojaT[IF] m .
(-ye; ). director, manager, person in charge:
• Xwedi ft gerinendeye berpirsyar, Mir
Celadet All Bedir-Xan bti (Rnh - intro) The
owner and director in charge was Mir Djeladet Ali
206
Bedir Khan, {also: gerinende (Rnh))
[(neol)Rnh//K//IF]
gerini ^jAf adj. conditional (gram.): -faweya
gerini (K/IF/GF) conditional mood. \syn: hekini)
<eger = ’if + -ini = adjectival ending
[(neol)K/IF/GF] <eger; gerane>
geriyan jl(BX) = to wander; to look for. See
gerin.
germ adj. 1) warm, hot: -g’avet xwe germ
kirin (Bw) to take a nap; -germ kirin (K/OK) to
warm up, heat up; 2) [[. (-a;-e)] warmth: *Ez
dareka mazinim: havine wexte germe
mirovek de hetin li reke, de hete bin
s£bera min, d§ rti net (M-Ak, #548) I am a
big tree: in summer when it is hot [lit. 'the time
of warmth'] a man will come along the road, he
will come under my shade and sit clown •K’ijan
ji wana zd xwe digihine germa de§ta
(Ba2:l, p.202) Which one of them will reach the
warmth of the plains first [lit. 'early'] •Rojeke,
germa nivro ber siya kon Siabend ser§
xwe dani ser goka Xece (IS-#362) One day,
in the noontime heat, in the shade of the tent.
Siyabencl lay his head down on Khej’s knee, {also:
[gherm] ^{]])\ <germ> ^(HH)) [Pok. g^her-
493.] 'warm': Av g aroma-; P garm Sor germ
Za germ (Todcl/Mal); Hau germ (M4); cf. also
Gr thermos Geppog = 'hot, warm 1 ; Arm Jerm £tp S =
'fever; warm’; Eng warm (germahi; germayeti;
germayi; germ!) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
<§arandin>
germahi j*f (K/GF/OK) = warmth. See germ!.
germav ( ;-e). 1) hot springs, thermal
springs; 2) {syn: Remain) bath (Bw/OK): -Germav
xo§ bit (Bw) greeting said to s.o. who has just had
a bath or shower [cf. Ar na‘Iman & T saatler
olsun]; -germave k’etin (OK) to bathe, take a
bath, [also: [gherm-aw] dLyT(JJ); <germav>
(HH)1 Gf. P germabe «yL J* = 'bathhouse'; Sor
germaw[an] [^IJ s Lj*f= ’hot bath'
[Bw/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
germayeti j*f (A) = warmth. See germi.
germayi (K/A/IFb/B/GF/OK) = warmth. See
••
germi.
germegerm/germe-germ [K] j a? f. (-a; ). the
high point, the acme, the heat of (a battle , etc.).
(syn: bin deqa germe (Zeb)) [Zeb/K]
germixin q.^jaS vi. (-germix-). 1) to stay a long
time in the heat (di germe da pirr mayin): »Pez
germixi di gome da (Sim) The sheep ’’rotted”
in the sheepfold; 2) to ferment (vi.): •Genim
digermixe (Sim) The wheat is fermenting, [also:
[ghermikhi] ( j^ J* (JJ) = ’fermentation, puanteur’}
[Slm/JJ/GF/FJ] <mehin II>
germi f. (). warmth; heat, {also: germahi (K-
2/GF-2/OK-2); germayeti (A-2); germayi (K-2/A-
2/IFb-2/B/GF-2/OK-2); [german ^Ljjjj-
Rh)/ghermaia J* (JJ-G)/ghermi ^ J* (JJ)]; <germi>
(HH)) {syn: germ [2]) Sor germayi Za
germey (Mai) [K/JB3/IFh/JJ/HH/GF/TF/"OK//A/B]
<germ>
gernas m. (). hero, {also: girnas (GF)) {syn:
’efat; egit; feris [1 ]; leheng; merxas; p’elewan]
[(neol?)K/IFb/TF//GF]
gerok m. (). 1) playboy, epicurean, bon-vivant
(K/B); person of loose morals (EP-5): *Ew Leyl§
rinde,/ Bejineda bilinde,/ Hema ’esil-
’esasa / Geroka nava gundde (EP-5, #13) That
Leyla is fine,/ She is tall of stature,/ But her origins/
Stem from the harlots of the village; 2) vagabond,
tramp (K/B); wandering beggar (A); 3) [adj.]
traveling, itinerant; portable: -kinoa gerok (B)
portable movie projector. [EP-5/K/A/IF/B/GF]
<gede>
gerrek l (IFb) = puddle. See gerik.
gers ^^(TF/RF) = tamarisk. See gez II.
ges kirin (BK) = to bite. See gestin.
gesik (OK) = broom. See gezi.
gestin vt. (-gez-). to bite, {also: ges kirin (BK);
geztin (A/JB3/IF-2); gez kirin (JB3/IF/BK); [gheztin
/ghezandin (JJ); <geztin qjJ* (digeze)
((HH)) {syn: gevizandin [3]; leq dan [see leq
I]) [Pok. geig- 356.) 'to stab, bite': Mid P gazidan
(gaz-) = 'to bite' (M3); P gazidan Sor gestin
(-gez-)/geztin gezin Za gaz kena
[gaz kerdi§] (Srk); Hau gestey (gez-) vt. (M4); cf. Oss
anyezun = 'to ferment’; W Oss yizun = 'to freeze'
[K/IF//A/JB3/B/JJ/HH//BK]
ge§ Jla? adj. 1) (syn: beloq; rew§en; rohni I) bright,
brilliant, shining, radiant (lit. & fig.) : *girayeke
ge§ = a bright lamp; 2) joyous, gay, merry:
•Govend ge§ bti (AB) The folkdance was
joyous, {also: [guech] jif (JJ); <ge§> (HH)) Skt
ghrsuh/ ghsvi = quick, gay’; O Ir *gar§- (A&L p. 87
207
G
[VIII, 1] + 92 [XIV, 3]): Sgd wyas = ’to be happy';
Parth gas = ’to be happy’; Sor ge§ ’fresh,
blooming, flourishing, beaming’ {ge§i|
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
ge§bln m . &f. (). 1) optimist; 2) [adj.]
optimistic. Sor ge§bin )ge§bini) [TF/OK/RZ]
<:£re§bin>
ge§b!ni ^f. Q. optimism. [TF/OK] <ge§bin>
ge§i /. (-ya; ). brightness, brilliance, radiance:
♦ %
•§initi u ge§iya bihare (Alkan, 71) the verdure
and 1 rilliance of springtime. [K] <ge§; §ewq>
ge§t f. (-a;-e). 1) { syn: deroze (IF); p’ars) alms,
charity, stg. given to a beggar or a Gypsy in
response to begging (Krg); door-to-door begging of
beggars, Gypsies, and Turkmens (IF): # Sere sale,
bine sale/ Xwede bihele/ Xorte male/ Ka
ge§ta ve male (Ah) Tbe start of the year, the end
of the year/ May God protect/ The young man of
the house/ Where are the alms of this house? [A
chant recited by children going from house to
house on New Year’s, similar to our “Trick or
treat”]; -gun ge§te (IF) to go begging; 2) portion
given to a guest (A); 3) journey, trip (K/JB3/IF/JJ).
[also: [ghecht] []])', <ge§t> o^(HH))
[Krg/K/A/)B3/IFb/]]/HH]
ge§tin ge-) (SK/M) = to arrive; to ripen, mature.
See gihi§tin.
gevesti (EP-7) = gossip. See gevezti.
gevez j«x3*r adj. deep shade of red, blood red. {also:
gewez (FJ-2); [ghevez/guvez] (JJ); <gevez>>«f
(HH)} [Qzl/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/FJ] <sor>
geveze oj in. Q. l) trouble-maker (F/K); 2)
someone who talks too much (IF/JJ). | also:
[gheweze Q y&l gheveze ojj) (JJ); <geveze> o>sf (HH))
{gevesti; gevezeti; gevezti) < T geveze = ’talkative;
indiscreet’ [Z-l/F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH] <altax; ’ewan II;
nemarn; qumsi>
gevezeti (B) = gossip. See gevezti.
•• ^
gevezti ^4*0 f. (.;-[y]e). gossip; slander,
backbiting, talebearing (K) {also: gevesti (EP-7);
gevezeti (B)( {syn: altaxi; 'ewani; qumsiti; §er II[2]}
[EP-7//K//B] <geveze; nemam>
gevizandin jjjl vt. (-gevizin-). 1) to tear to
pieces (K); 2) to cause to paw the ground (horse)
(A/IF); 3) to roll stg. (in the dust) (HH): -xwe
gevizandin (RN/IF) to roll around, wallow (e.g.,
in the mud or dust) {syn: gevizin): *Wexte tu
xwe digevizini, tu miqateye li helina min
biki, ji bona ko tu geliken min ne kuji
(RN) When you roll around [in the dirt], be careful
of my nest, so that you don’t kill (=crush) my
babies [said by a mother bird to an elephant in a
folktale ]; 4) {syn: gestin) to bite (B). {also:
<gevizandin jjjlyaf (digevizine)
[K/A/IF/B/HH] <[2] gevizin; gevizk>
gevizin vi. (-geviz-). to roll around, wallow
(e.g., in the dust), {also: [gheouzin] (JJ);
<gevizin (digevizi) {syn: xwe
gevizandin) [A/IF/HH//JJ] <gevizandin [2]; gevizk;
p’irpitin>
gevizk f. (-a;-e). romping ground, scratching
ground, place where animals wallow in the dirt to
scratch themselves: *Rabu teti helina xwe li
teni§ta gevizka fil gekir (RN) The lark built
her nest next to the elephant’s scratching ground.
{also: gevzek (A/IF)) [RN//A/IF]
gevzek (A/IF) = scratching ground. See gevizk.
gewd*e in. (•§; ). 1) {syn: beden II; la§) body
(Z-2): *Eze ... sere te ji gewde te biqetinim
(Z-2) I will remove your head from your body; 2)
fully grown adult (K); big fellow, hefty chap (K). <T
govde = 'body' [Z-2/K]
gewez (FJ) = blood red. See gevez.
gewlaz (Frq/K/B) = string of dried fruits. See
gelwaz.
gewr adj. 1) whitish, grayish {(J-PS): said of a
beard, a donkey, a white ox); white (K§); gray
(Mzg): -dinya gewrik (JBl-S) The white world’
(the earth’s surface, as opposed to underground,
The black world’: cf. South Slavic beli svet = ’the
whole world’ [lit. The white world’]); 2) [/. ().] a
beautiful woman, a beauty: # Singa gewr beyaz
e (RN) The beauty’s breast is white [line from a
folksong], {also: gewrik (JBl-S); [gheour/ghaver
(G)/gaur (PS)]j/(JJ); <gewr> (HH))
[RN/F/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK/Mzg/K§//JBl-S] cbelek;
bor I; cun I; spi I>
gewre m. (). type of wheat: each grain is round
and light colored, makes a nice, white bread [liba
wi girover e, renge wi vekiri ye, nane wi xwn§ e,
sipi]. {syn: *beyazi) < gewr = ’white, gray’ [Qzl/A]
<genim>
gewri (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: fiefik) throat;
• •
pharynx, larynx: *[Zani ku mar kdviyek
208
G
dabeland le striiy§n [sterene] wi negune
xwar§ mane li gewriya wi da h je aciz
btl] (BG, p.25) He understood that the snake had
swallowed a wild animal, but its horns had not
gone down and had stayed in his throat and he was
suffering from this; 2) {syn: kovik; masterk) funnel
(HD/RZ). {aiso:gewru (K); [gheourou/ gheouri
(SJ3 f\ (JJ); <gewri> [SJ3 f (HH)) Skt gala- m.\ Av
garah- = 'throat'; Pahl garuk; Pashto yam f. & yarai
= ’neck, windpipe’ (Hiibsch #928); P galu^jf (Horn
#928); Sor geru - 'throat, gorge, defile, pass’ &
geli ^<£lge\u ~ ’gully, gorge’; Hau glide f. =
’throat' & gilue ni. = 'gorge, gully’ (M4)
[Z-922/K//F/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/RZ/HD] <gerden>
gewru(K) = throat. See gewri.
gez I jdf f. ( ;-e). ell, cubit, yard, unit of measure,
appr. 70 cm. (28 inches) [Tu ar§m & endaze; Ar
j]: *gezeka quma§i (Bw) an ell of cloth
•...Lixaweki asin du gez direj, gezek pan,
bi qeder zenda desti sttir bide gekirin (SK
33:297) Go and get an iron bridle made, two yards
long, a yard wide and as thick as a man's wrist
•Qelata wi li-ser gya bti li hindawe
rdbare, se-hizar gez bilind e (SK 51:556) His
fort was on a mountain above the river, three
thousand ells high, {also: gaz I (K/B/GF-2/TF);
[ghez jf/gaz jlfj (JJ) = 'aune, archine, mesure’)
[Bw/lFb/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK/ /K/B/TF]
gez II jof f. ( ;-e). tamarisk, bot. Tamarix. [also: gers
(TF/RF-2); <gez>^(HH)| {syn: kifir II) Cf. Mid P
gaz (M3); P gaz J>\ Sor [dar]gez
[A/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK/RF//TF]
gezgezik (IFb) = nettle. See gezgezok.
gezgezok f. (-a;-e). stinging nettle, bot.
Urtica urens . [also: gezgezik (IFb-2); gezgezk (K/B);
gezing (GF-2); [ghezghez ^sS^/ghezghezk (JJ);
perhaps also <geznik> «*L_>J*(HH)1 {syn: synonyms)
< gez- = 'to bite’: Cf. P gazneh Sor gezne
djj*f/giyagezne < 0 j*Jt^[QtrE/IFb/GF/TF//K/B/JJ]
gezgezk (K/B) = nettle. See gezgezok.
gezik (A/OK/Frq) = broom. See g£zi.
gezing cidjaf (GF) = nettle. See gezgezok.
gezi = broom. See gezi.
gez kirin j^(JB3/IF/BK) = to bite. See gestin.
gezo ni. (). sweet dew, "manna" {T kudret
helvasi): "Another extraordinary appearance...is
the manna which here, in the form of grain,
descends with the dew. It has now been
ascertained by travelers in the east,...that the
manna is a distillation from trees which falls on the
ground every morning. It is collected in vases at
the break of day, and placed in the sun, in the
warmth of which it melts and becomes a cheesy
kind of substance, in which state it is eaten with
bread at breakfast. I found it sweet like honey and
of an agreeable smell...At Kirkuk all the fields and
meadows are covered with it.” (from Benjamin II.
p. 136, quoted in YSFL, p.xxx); 'Ghezo', ''Manna
[called in Turkish kudret helvasi, or the divine
sweetmeat; in Arabic inusee; in Persian
ghezungabeen] is found on the dwarf oak, though
several other plants are said to produce it, but not
so abundantly, or of such good quality. It is
collected by gathering the leaves of the tree, letting
them dry, and then gently threshing them on a
cloth. It is thus brought to market in lumps, mixed
with an immense quantity of fragments of leaves,
from which it is afterward cleared by boiling.
There is another kind of manna found on rocks
and stones, which is quite pure, of a white colour,
and it is much more esteemed than the tree manna.
The manna season begins in the latter end of June,
at which period, when a night is more than usually
cool, the Koords say it rains manna, and maintain
that the greatest quantity is always found in the
morning after such a night." [from: C.J. Rich.
Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan ... (London:
James Duncan, 1836), v. 1, pp. 142-43]. {also: gezu
(GF/OK); [ghezou](JJ); <gezzo> (HH)) Cf. P
gaz ^- 'a type of candy'; NENA ‘ar‘ura (Zakho) =
gezo. For a scientific explanation of gezo as a
secretion of aphids, see: Marston Bates. Gluttons
and Libertines: Human Problems of Being Natural
(New York : Vintage Books, cl958, 1967), pp. 55
ff., & F. S. Bodenheimer. Insects as Human Food
(The Hague : W. Junk, 1951) [K/A/IFb/JJ/TF//
HH//GF/OK] <mazi>
geztin Qjj^f (A/JB3/IF-2) = to bite. See gestin.
gezu(GF/OK) = manna. See gezo.
ge$ £?AlF[ s ]) = alabaster; plaster. See gee.
gej adj. 1) stunned, dumbstruck; bewildered,
confused, perplexed: -g§j kirin (JBl-A/Wlt): a) to
stun, tranquilize: # Negirvan u nijdevanSn
j£hati, zivistanan didin pey §opa guran, di
209
G
berfe de diwestinin u di pozen wan de le
didin, g6j dikin, bi guhen wan digirin
qil§n wan hildikin £ wan ji cenewariya
wan dixinin, be zerar dikin (Wit 2:71, p.13)
Skilled hunters and horsemen track down the
wolves in the winters, tire them out in the snow
and strike them on their snouts, stun them, grab
them by their ears, pull out their fangs and remove
their fierceness from them, make them harmless; b)
to make dizzy; 2) dizzy (lit. & fig.): •Sere min
de§e, ez ji ber gej btim (AB) I have a
headache, and that’s why Pm dizzy, [also: <gej> juf
(HH)) Sor gej £f= ’giddy, silly, turning movement'
{gejayi; geji; gejti) [AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/
GF/TF/OK] <din II; nehi§; §et>
gejayi (A) = dizziness. See gejti.
geji ^jiT(K/JB3/TF/OK) = dizziness. See gejti.
gejlok (IFb) = hail[stones]. See gijlok.
gejti f ( J-ye). being stunned; dizziness, [also:
g§jayf (A); geji (K-2/JB3/TF/OK))
[K/B//A//JB3/TF/OK] <dinayi; gej; nefii§i; §eti>
gelas (OK/AA) = cherry. See gelaz.
gSlaz f ( 1) [syn: qeresi) cherry, bot.
Prunus [ghilas] (JJ); sour cherry (K/F/JJ) [ghelas] (JJ);
2) cherry tree, [also: gelas (OK/AA); geraz (IFb);
gilyas (IFb-2/GF/OK-2); gilyaz (GF-2); gilaz (F);
[ghilas/ghelas] (JJ)) Cf. P gllas Ar karaz
j_S\ T kiraz; Sor gelas Za gilyaz f. (Todd);
Hau gelas m. (M4). cf. also Lat cerasus = cherry
tree' <Gr kerasos Kcpourog [K/B/RZ/Kmc-2//IFb//
GF//F//JJ/OK/AA1 <aluge; belaluk; herug [1 ]>
g81*e ‘Jzf f (*a; ). ant. [also: gere (Srk); gerik (IFb-2)j
[syn: muri I| [Mzg/IFb//Srk]
gem plT(Wlt/OK) = bridle; bit. See gem.
g§r -ger bfin (A/IFb/JJ/TF) to roll (vi.) , tumble,
overturn (vi.) [also: [ghir bouin] ! syn:
gindirin; girel bun; gulol bun): •Xiloliken
h6sir£n gaven m§rik di ser riwe wi ye
nekurkiri de ger dibtin ser gena wi d pa§e
dinuqutin erde (KS, p.10) The tiny hailstones of
the man’s tears rolled down his unshaven face onto
his chin and then dripped onto the ground; -ger
kirin (A/IFb/JJ/HH/TF/OK) to roll (downhill) (vt.)
[also: [ghir kirin] qjJ'J* (JJ); <ger kirin qJ'jS (ger
dike) ( & j£)> (HH)} | syn: gild! kirin; gindirandin;
gulol kirin): • “ Cil ji xwe diqetin," Alfons
dib8je. Bi taybeti ... dema mirov xwe di
merge de ger dike (BM, p.15) “Clothes get torn
on their own," Alfons says. Especially ... when
one rolls about in the meadow. Cf. Sor ger jS =
curved, crooked, leaning, lame' [BM/A/IFb/HH/
GF/TF/OK//JJ] <gevizin; gildi; gulol>
geraz jl jS (IFb) = cherry. See g£laz.
gere o jS (Srk) = ant. See gele.
gerih f. (-a; ). unripe or green almond [T gagla].
[also: gerih (IFb)) [syn: behivter; gil’in (Haz); niv’in
(Mtk)) [Frq//IFb] <behiv>
gerik jS (IFb) = ant. See g£le.
gesik JLlf (Bar/RZ) = broom. See gezi.
gesin q-mIT(A/JB l-A/HH) = ploughshare. See gisin.
gezbeli (Zeb) = goatsbeard. See g£zbelok.
gezbelok ^JyJ f (). goatsbeard, bot. Tragopogon
pratensis: it grows in cold and mountainous
habitats, [also: gezbeli (Zeb); <gezbelok>
(Hej)) [Zeb//IFb/GF/OK/Hej/AA] <siping>
gezer (A/IF/HH/GF) = carrot. See gizer.
gezik A-jS (IFb) = broom. See g8zi.
gezi f. ( ;-ye). 1) [syn: avlek; bermalk; cerivk
(Bw); k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel; sivnik;
sizik; §icing (Krs); §irt I) broom : »Ew ot’axd pe
geziye paqi§ dike (B) He sweeps [lit. ’cleans'] the
room with a broom; -gezi kirin = to sweep (sjm;
mali§tin; reg kirin [feg I]): •Bfik sibe rabti, nava
male gezikir (J) The bride got up in the morning,
and swept the (interior of the) house; 2) broom
plant (K). [also: gesik (OK); gezi (A); gezik (A-2/IFb-
2/OK-2/Frq); gesik (Bar/RZ-2); gezik (IFb-2); gezik
(GF/OK-2); [ghizi ^yJy'ghizik JyJj (JJ)) Sor gesik
■dL*f/gis[i]k JLf[F/K/IFb/JJ/B/TF/RZ//
OK//A//Frq//Bar] <mali§tin>
gezik ttJLylTfGF/OK) = broom. See gezi.
gi ^ (Ad) = all. See gi§k.
gidark Aj)^f f. (). mushroom, [also: kidark (Twn);
<kidarik> Jj)aT(HH)) [syn: kari I; karkevik (M§-
Malazgirt); kiyark; kufkarik; k’nmik (A))
[Prw//Twn//HH]
gidi§ f. (-a;-e). shock, stook, haycock, neat
stack of wheat (barley, etc.) sometimes 6-8 meters
long , arranged in such a way as to prevent animals
from eating the contents , and to protect against
rain , sometimes kept for a month or more in the
field before being transported to the threshing floor
[di nav zeviye de pi§ti dirune, ew zade ku didin
hev (didrun)]. [also: giri§ (GF-2/TF); gi§e (Zeb);
210
[ghidich] <gidi§> Hej)} < Arc gadls
Itf'HH/gedlsa = 'heap, pile mound, esp. of
sheaves, shock or stack of grain' (M. Jastrow);
NENA gadisha = stack, heap, stook, shock,
haycock' (Maclean); Cf. Turoyo gdlso = 'stack of
crops, about 30 quflo [see qefil]' (HR2); cf. also Ar
kuds 'heap, pile, stack (of grain, hay, etc.)';
Sor gi§e = 'haycock, stook, conical mound of
hay in a field, stack, rick' [Qzl/A/IFb/JJ/GF/Hej/
AA//TF//Zeb] <desti; qefil> See also gi§e.
giha (GF) = grass. See giya.
gihan I vi. (-gihe-/-gih- [JB3]/-geh-). 1) to
arrive, reach, attain: *§erek u gurek u rovik
gihane hev li bi hevra giln (Dz) A lion, a wolf,
and a fox met up [lit. 'reached each other’] and
traveled together *B. giha bajare Mire Sere (L)
B. reached the city of the Prince of Magic; 2) to
ripen, reach maturity, grow up: # Fiki li ser dare
gihane (AB) The fruit has [lit. 'fruits have'] ripened
on the tree, {also: gehan; giha§tin; gihi§tin; gihan
(AB); [ghehan] <jl$f(JJ)l See etymology under
gihi§tin. Sor geyin ^*f?geyi§tin ge-: 3rd
p.s. -ga-) [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJl See also gihi§tin.
gihan II (J) = udder. See guhan.
gihandin vt. (-gihm-/-gin-/-gThin-/-geh!n-
[JB3]). 1) to bring, take, cause to arrive [faire
arriver]; to convey (news, etc.): *GeIo nave,
wekl em eve qiza nazik bigihinine ewi
xortS tu beji? (Z-l) Shouldn't we bring this fine
girl to that young man [who] you spoke of? [lit.
’you say’] *Lazime go hun van zilama
bigihSjinin welat§ wan (L) You must
accompany/take these men to their country
•Wana cab gihandine diwana Al-p’a§a (Z-t)
They brought the news to the court of A.p.
•Xwede ga negihand (f) God didn't bring us an
ox [lit. 'God did not cause an ox to come']; -xwe
gihandin = to arrive, reach, betake o.s.. come:
•K’ijan ji wana zti xwe digihine germa
de§ta (Ba2:l, p.202) Which one of them will reach
the warmth of the plains first [lit. ’early’];
2) to bring (misfortune) , visit, send, cause to befall,
wreak: *...Kure wi ji b@ma 5 rifet bun, §ehere
bav§ xwe gihyandine xelaye (Ba3) ...His sons
were rude, they brought a famine on their father's
city; 3) to cause (damage) (Zeb). {also: gihejandin
(L/K-2); gihyandin (Ba3); gihandin (K/BK);
[ghehandin] ^jjI/QJ)} [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/
OK/BK] <gihan I; gihi§tin>
gihar (GF) = earring. See guhar.
giha§tin (-gihej-/-gihe-/-gihij-) (Z-1/BX/JB3) = to
arrive; to ripen, mature. See gihi§tin.
gihe§tin (-gihe-) (M) = to arrive; to ripen, mature.
See gihi§tin.
gihejandin q aj )j^f(L/K) = to cause to arrive; to lead,
take, accompany s.o. See gihandin.
gihe§tin (A) = to arrive; to ripen, mature. See
gihi§tin.
gihi§tin vi. (-gihij-/-gihij-). 1) to arrive,
reach, catch up with, attain: *Digihen
[=digihejin] ber aveke (L) They reach a stream
•Ew digihijine k’ew§an@ gund (Dz) They
reach the village’s plowed fields; -gihi§tin hev
(XF)/gehe§tine ek (Zeb): a) to come together,
unite, meet (vi.): •Dibejin rojekd du peri
gehi§tine ek (XF) They say that one day two
fairies met; b) to [be] combinefd] (vi.): •"Sin”
"§in" gehe§tine ek (Zeb) [The Arabic letters] sin
( o >0 and shin (ji) got combined (i.e., got confused
or mixed up); 2) to join (an organization) : -Ji bo
g[i] tu gihi§ti PKK’e? -Gihi§tina min a
PKK’e ne tene ji bo azadi H xelasiya gele
Kurd, le ji ber ku min xelasiya
mirovahiye ji te de dit, ez gihi§tim§ (Wit
1:35, p. 16) -Why did you join the PKK? -My
joining the PKK was not only for freeing and
rescuing the Kurdish people, but because I also saw
the saving of humanity in it, I joined it; 3) to grow;
to ripen (fruit and the like) (IF/JJ); to mature, reach
puberty: «Z. idi gihi§ti bH (Z-l) Z. had [by]
now matured (grown up); 4) to live (long enough)
to see stg.: •Mem§ miriye dane sib@, ez
negihijime dane evara (Z-l) M. died in the
morning, may I not live to see the evening; 5) to
have enough time (to do stg.): *Pa§a t§-ge§t,
siwik ra-bo, nege§t sola xo di p@ ket, bi
goran der-kewt (SK 24:224) The Pasha
understood, got up quietly and, not managing to
[=not having time to] put on his shoes, escaped in
his stockings. [ also: gehe§tin (-gehej- [JBl-A]/-gehej-
[JBl-S]/-gihe- [SK]) (JBl-A&S/SK); gehi§tin (-gehij-
[IF]/-geh- [M-Zx]) (IF-2/M-Zx); gehin (M-2); ge§tin (-
ge-) (SK-2/M-2); gihan I; giha§tin (-gihej-/-gihe-/-
gihij-) (Z-1/BX/JB3); gihe§tin (-gihe-) (M); gihe§tin
••
211
G
(A); gihi§tin; [ghehichtin] ^o£$f(JJ); <gihi§tin
l> xi-/(dighije) (HH)) <0 Ir *vi- (Tsb 72)
+ *hak- (Tsb 47): Sor gey in ^ Af/geyi§tin yf
(-ge-: 3rd p.s. -ga-); *hak-: [Pok. 1. seku- 896.] 'to
follow': Skt sacate = 'accompanies, follows'; Av
hak- (pres. hak-/ha£a-/ha£aya-) = do.; cf. also Lat
sequor, sequi = 'to follow' [Z-1/BX/JB3//JB1-A&S/
SK/M-Zx//A//M//F/Dz/K/IF/B/HH//JJ] See also
gihan I.
gihiya U/ (K) = grass; hay. See giya.
gihya L/(B) = hay. See giya [2],
gihyandin (Ba3) = to cause to arrive. See
gihandin.
gij (K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF) = erect; tense. See girj.
gijik Jjf f (-a; ). tousled, unkempt hair (of women):
•Gijika xwe dike§ine u di ber giriye xwe
re ji dibeje ... (Ardu, p.116) She pulls her
tousled hair and says through her tears .... Cf.
gijgiji (GF/AD) = 'unkempt (hair)’ & [ghijikin]
(JJ) = 'to stand on end (hair)’ [Ardu/IFb/TF/Frq]
<p’or III>
gijlok f f. (-a;-e). hail[stones] (type of precipita¬
tion) . {also: gejlok (IFb-2); gi§k II (Bw)l (syn:
teyrok; zipik I) Note the form tergijok (Zeb)
[Zx/IFb//Bw]
gijnij f. (-a; ). coriander, bot. Coriandrum
sativum, {also: gijnije (OK); gijni§ (CB); ki§ni§ (TF);
[ksnis (G)/kisnis (Lx)] (ji^iTQJ)) Mid P gisnlz/kisnlz
(M3); P gasnlz --> T ki§ni§; Sor gijnije oj-pjf
[Am/Zeb/Kmc-3/IFb/(GF)//0K///CB//JJ/TF]
gijnije (OK) = coriander. See gijnij.
gijni§ CB) = coriander. See gijnij.
gilare oj'if m. (). 1) {syn: gone (IFb); qurm) tree
stump (IF); 2) short, thick piece of wood (HH/GF).
{also: <gilare> ojYf (HH)) [IFb/HH/GF]
gilas m. (-e;-i). drinking glass, tumbler, {also:
Y ^
<gilas> Lr 'Mf (Hej)) {syn: avxork; perdax; peyale
[2]) <Eng glass --> P gelas [Bw/GF//Hej]
gildi f adj. 1) {syn: gebar (Wn)) mixed up,
••
confused (Wn); 2) (syn: gilol I; girover) round,
circular (IF). [Wn/IF]
gilej jllf (IFb) = saliva. See gir§z.
gile§ jzJf m. (). trash, garbage, rubbish. [Bw/RZ]
gilez NJf (GF) = saliva. See gir§z.
gilgil Jflf m. (-e; ). millet, bot. Panicum miliaceum
[T akdari]; because is grows well under dry
conditions, in periods of drought it is used for
making bread , particularly in Tunceli [Dersim],
Elazig, Bingol, Mu§, and Bitlis (IFb/JJ) (syn: garis;
herzin]: -gilgil§ Stembole (Haz) corn, maize
{syn: garis [e stanboli]; genime§ami; genmok; lazut;
zuret I], {also: [ghylghyl]
[Krg/Haz/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF] <tale>
gilih f (TF) = complaint. See gill I[2].
gilik JJf f. (). clitoris, {also: <gilik> ciilAHH)) (syn:
zilik) Cf. Sor gulink JjJ 3 f= 'vagina'; = Sor mitke
*£u_o/qitke [Qzl/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF] <quz>
gili I tJf ni. (-ye; ). 1) {syn: xeber) talking, speech,
• •
word[s] (K/B): «De va giliyana hilda dile xwe
(Ba) Idie mother, these words offended her [lit.
'picked up her heart’] *Wexta diya min giliyed
xwe k’uta kirin, min ew Kemez kir (Ba2:2,
p.207) When my mother finished her words, I em¬
braced her; -gili kirin (Ba2) to tell, relate, recount
(a story) (syn: kat kirin; *vegeran): • Gili dikirin
[sic], weki nave Miste Kalo dane ser gund
bona we yeke, ku... (Ba2) They used to
recount that they gave the name M.K. to the village
because...; -Giliye teye = You are right (syn:
Xebera teye]: •Bek’o, welle, giliye teye (Z-l)
Beko, by God, you are right; -gili ft gotin (Z-l)
talking; -giliye xwe kirin yek (K/EP-7) to come
to an agreement or understanding; 2) (syn: gazin;
§ikyat| complaint: li fk-e gili kirin (PS) to
lodge a complaint against, to complain about s.o.
{also: gilih (TF); gilih (A); [ghili] Jg (JJ); <gili>
(HH)) Skt Vgarh-, garhate = ’to chide'; Av gereza- =
'complaint' & Vgarz-, gerezaiti = 'to complain,
lament'; Pahl garz(i)sn = 'complaint' & garzitan = ’to
complain’ (Horn, #930); Ossetic d. yarzun/t. garzin
= ‘to groan’; P gele = 'complaint 1 ; Sor gleyi ^
= ’complaint’ [Ba/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//A//TF]
gili II c Jf (SK/JJ-Lx) = branch. See guli II.
gilih - talk; complaint. See gili I.
gilizank J b)yJf pi. tickle, tickling: -gilizanket fk-e
vekirin (Bw) to tickle s.o.: «Ez gilizanket we
vedikem (Bw) I tickle her. cf. qili kirin (IFb/RZ)
[Bw]
gilok ^JylT(A/IFb/GF/Mzg/Kr§) = ball of thread. See
gulok.
gilol I Jyl f adj. round, circular (IF/K): -gulol bftn
(B) to roll (vi.) (syn: ger bun; gindirin; girel bun);
-gulol kirin (B) to roll (vt.). {also: gilor (IF-2);
gulol (K/B)) (syn: gildi (IF); girover) cf. Skt glau- m.
212
= 'round lump, wen-like excrescence'; P golule
’ball, sphere’. [K/IF/B/JJ/HH] <ger; gildi;
gindirin>
gilol II Jylf f. (). pea, a legume, bot. Pisum sativum;
small, black beans eaten by cattle (Wn). ( also: gilftl
(Wn); [ghiloul] <gilol> J^If(HH)) jsyn; keli
I; polik II) [Wn/JJ//IFb/HH] <lowftk>
gilolik (Qm§/Btm) = dish of ground meat and
bulgur wheat. See kilorik.
gilor (IF) = round. See gilol I.
gilftl (Wn) = pea. See gilol II.
giluz j^if(B§k) = saliva. See girez.
gilwaz jyr(Elk) = string of dried fruits. See gelwaz.
gilyas (IFb/GF/OK) = cherry. See gelaz.
gilyaz jUf (GF) = cherry. See gelaz.
gimin { j^ r S 1\ (-a; ). crashing, rumbling, thundering
sound (K); skirl, shrill cry (of musical instruments
such as zurna or bagpipe) (EP-4); buzzing sound
made by beehives in the hive (IF): •gimina Keft
def-zurnane (EP-4) the cry of seven drums and
zurnas. [EP-4/K/IF]
ginci f.(B/Qzl/Qtr-E/Elk)/m.(B\v) (-ya/ ;-ye/).
dried dung that gets caught on sheep's wool:
•ginciya hiriya miha Mam Re§id (Elk) the
dried dung on the wool of Mam Reshid's sheep.
{also: <ginci> C5 =^T(HH)1 [syn: kernel) [Qzl/QtrE/
Elk/Bw/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/FJ]
gindir jsjf f. (-a; ). 1) small, venomous insect:
•Gindire ji mar ft dftbi§ka xirabtire (Msr)
The gindir is worse than snakes and scorpions
[prv.[\ 2) [m. ().] tarantula spider (QtrE). [Msr/QtrE]
gindirandin jjjljj vt. (-gindirin-). to roll stg.
(vt.) . {syn: ger kirin; gildi kirin; gulol kirin)
[A/JB3/IF] <gindirin>
gindirin jj/ vi. (-gindir-). to roll (vi.) . tumble,
overturn (vi.) . {syn: ger bun; girel bun; gulol bun)
Arc gandar - 'to roll (vt.) 1 & igandar IhDTX
= 'to roll (vi.) ' & Syr itgandar joints l = to roll (vi.f
[L/A/JB3/IF[ <gindirandin>
gindol Jjj^, f. (Wn) = watermelon. See gindor.
gindor jjjjf f. (-a; ). 1) pumpkin, gourd (K); squash,
zucchini (IFb) [gundor/gindore]; 2) [syn: petex;
qawinl melon (A/JJ/Bw/IFb/AA) [IFb:gindor;
AA;gundor]; watermelon (Wn): *Werzeke
gundura y§ hey, gunduret xo hemi bi bera
ve dan, ev et hindey§t mezin pergiqandin,
ev 6t bigftk’oke y§ didanite ser (JB1-A #189)
He has a melon patch, he has thrown all his melons
against the rocks, those that were this big he
smashed, and those that were small he put on top.
|also; gindol, f. (Wn); gindore (IFb-2); gundor, m.
(K-2/IFb-2/GF/OK/AA/Kmc-2); gundur (JBl-A);
kulind; kundir; qundir (L); [goundour] (JJ)}
[K/A/IFb/Bw//Wn//GF/OK/AA/Kmc-2//JJ/JBl-A]
See also kulind & kundir.
gindore ^j^(IFb) = squash, zucchini. See gindor[l].
ginginok JyJlf adj. speaking with a nasal quality,
through one’s nose; someone who speaks through
his nose (K/A/IF); nasal (B). {also: ginginoki (K)}
[K/A/IF/B]
ginginoki = speaking with a nasal quality.
See ginginok.
gir I jf adj. l) (syn; mezin) large, big; tall, strapping;
heavy; 2) {syn: zivir) coarse, rough, thick (HH/Bw).
[also: gur III (Ba2); gur III (FK-eb-1); [ghir]
<gir> (HH)) Cf. Sor gewre Za gird
[Bw/F/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] See also gir
II. <girs>
gir II yf m. (-e; ). hill, mound: •Hakim ji gftye
sere gir rftni§tiye (L) As for the king, be went
and sat on a hill. 1 also: [ghir] <gir> ^(HH)}
{syn: divar II; zftr) <0 Ir *gari- (A&L p. 87 [VIII, 1])
[L/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH/JB1-A/SK/GF/TF/0K] <g’iya;
girik>
gir III yT prep, despite, in spite of, notwithstanding:
• Ew gir nexwe§iya xwe derket (JB 3) He went
out in spite of his illness; -ji gire...ve (BX) do.:
• ji gire min ve (BX) in spite of me. jsyn; digel*
[2]; diji [2]: fexme} [BX/JB3/0K]
gir IV m. (-e; ). 1) itch, itching (K/A/JJ):
• Filankesi gir e girti (Zeb) So-and-so has itchy
skin •Filankesi gir hat$ (Zeb) So-and-so
became hysterical; 2) scab, mange, rash
(K/A/IF/JJ/B/HH); 3) allergy (Qzl/Bw); 4) sexual
urge or desire: *Gire we jin£ (Zeb) That
woman's urges, {also: [ghir] ^(JJ); <gir> yT(HH)}
[K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/Zeb]
giram J J? f. (-a; ). respect, honor, esteem: -giram
girtin (IFb/RF) to respect, jsyn; hurmet [3];
me’rifet; qedir I; fez II; rftmet) [(neol)IFb/RF]
<§eref>
giramgir ^JL>\ j?adj. respectful: *Gebran§ Bago bi
awaki giramgir ft dengeki bajariyane bi
mevane wan i karmend dide zanin ku ew
213
G
ji ji vi gundi ye (Lab, 42) G.B. respectfully and
in a civilized voice informs their employee-guest
that he too is from this village. [Lab/RF]
giran I J?adj. l) heavy: *Dibine k’a§a zefa ji
ya Osib girantire (Ba) He sees that the weight of
the gold is more [lit. 'heavier'] than Joseph['s
weight]; 2) (syn: biha [2]; giranbiha; ^erzan)
expensive, costly; 3) [euph.] pregnant (Mzg); 4]
\syn: re§; tari) dark (of tea, color , etc.) (Bw); 5)
clumsy, awkward; slow; 6) hard (of hearing): »Ji
ber ku guh£n wi hineki giran btin, carina
deng ba§ nedibihist u ba§ fem nedikir
(Alkan, 72) Because he was a little hard of hearing,
sometimes he didn't hear voices well and didn't
understand well, {also: [ghiran] jf []])', <giran>
jl (HH)| Cf. P garan ’expensive, heavy’;
Sor giran q\ J?\ Za giran (girani) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/SK/JB 1-S/GF/TF/Mzg/B w]
giran II q)J f (IFb) = mallet. See gefan II.
giranbiha j?adj. expensive, costly, dear, [also:
[ghiran beha] l# IJJ)) (syn: biha [2]; giran [2];
^erzan) [K/IF/JJ] cbiha; erzan; nerx; qedir I; qimet>
girani ^ J* f. (-ya;-ye). 1 ) weight; heaviness:
•Retta bi-qeder girania wi berey pare-y
zer yan ziw neinim nahemewe (SK 12:117) I
shall not return until I bring the weight of this stone
in gold or silver; 2) being expensive; 3) f syn: lenger
I[l]) anchor (F); 4) drought (HH). [also: <girani>
(HH)| [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/JBl-S/ GF/TF|
<giran>
girar J\j? f. (-a;-e). type of soup made of buttermilk
[Rus paxtanaxTa] and cooked barley groats
seasoned with mint (Dz); pilav made with rice or
barley groats (=bulgur) (IF/HH/Bw): *Be serweri
girara p’ira nak’ele (Dz -#67) Without an
instructor, soup for many won’t boil [prv.]
•Derxwine bero§e, dermane girare [Duv]
(L[1937]) Cover of the pot, seasoning of the soup
[rdf; ans .: sheep's fattailf {also: [ghirar] jl J*[J]);
<girar> jl ^f(HH)) {syn: mehir) [L (1937)/Dz/K/A/
IF/B/JJ/HH] <pi§rung>
girav I J) J? (B) = deposit, pledge. See gir£v.
girav II Jl Jf /gir-av JlS Jf f. (-a;-e). island
(JB3/IF/A): •dtirxistin li Girava Madagaskar
(OS-intro) exile on the island of Madagascar, {also:
girdav (A)) {syn: ada; cizir; durgeh) = Sor durge
[JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ//A]
girdav Jb^f (A) = island. See girav II.
girde o^(). thick, round bread roll with small hole
in the center. Cf. P gerde - ’round cake, loaf;
NENA girdeya = ’round cake, small loaf (Maclean-
Urmi) & girda = ’roll’ (Garbell) & gar-day-ya - ’loaf
of bread, especially flat loaf (Oraham) [B§k] <lo§;
nan>
gire ajf{ JB3) = tumor. See girS [ 2 ).
giregir I Jf a J*pi. the nobility, nobles; elders;
grandees, potentates: •Meme k’etiye, Feng le
nemaye, xtln ber biye gol. Al-p 5 a§a ti.
giregirava geleki hev birin-anin, yek go—
sat’irceme, yek go—sermaye, yek go—
tirsaye (Z-l, p.48) Mem was laid low, he was
pale, his blood was boiling. Al-pasha and his
entourage debated a great deal among themselves,
one said it was the flu, one said it was a cold, one
said it was out of fear. ( 53 m: cindi [3]; ’eyan [3];
k’ubar} [Z- 1 /K/IFb/B/GF]
gire-gir II J? Q Jf (F) = thunder. See gufe-guf.
girev JoA/IFb) = strike. See grev.
gire fejf f. ().l) knot: -gire dan (B) to tie. See
■ ■
giredan; 2 ) {also: gire (JB3)| tumor, {also: gireli
(JBl-S-2); girek (K/A/JB3/IFb-2/GF-2/TF); [ghiri]
J); <gire> (S J t [HH)} Cf. Skt granth- = ’to
tie, tie together, compose (a literary work)’; O Ir
*gra0ya- (A&L p.85 [VI, 3]): OP graB- = ’to
compose’ (Kent); P gere o_jf= ’knot’; Sor gire fcjf =
’knot, phrase’ [K/A/JB3/TF//IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/
SK/GF/OK] <[1] xilf; [2] tulK>
gire»dan vt. (gire-d-). 1 ) to bind, tie: *Dae,
sibe bihare, ga tune, ez6 te giredim? (J)
Mom, spring is around the corner [lit. ’tomorrow’],
there is no ox, shall I tie you [to the plough]?
• Weki em gaki §erj£kin, sibe bihare, xelq£
cot gir£de, ija em§ gi bikin? (J) If we
slaughter an ox, tomorrow is springtime, [other]
people will tie [their bulls to] the plow, what
will we do then?; 2 ) to establish, conclude (a
pact) , enter into (a bargain) ; 3) to gather up,
summon, muster (troops) : •Al-p 5 a§a rabti
eskere xwe gir£da (Z-l) A.p. got up and
gathered his troops, {also: gire dan (B); [ghiri-dan]
Cf. Za giredana [giredayi§] (Srk)
[K/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
gireh (JBl-S) = knot. See gire.
girek J&J? (K/A/JB3/GF/TF) = knot; tumor. See gir§.
214
girel Jj jf : -girel bun (Urm/Slm): 1) ( syn : ger bun;
gindirin; gulol bun) to roll [vi.) (Slm/Db); 2 ) to die
(used by Muslims in speaking of Christians)
(Urm/Slm). [Urm/Slm/Dh] <gort>
girev f ( deposit, pledge; token. | also:
girav I (B)) Cf. Sor gr ewjJ* [K//B] <rehin>
girez jf f. (-a; ). saliva, spittle, slobber, drool:
• Her ku w! digot fil mest dibiin, av bi
deve wan diket u gireza wan diheriki (SF
19) The more he spoke the elephants became
giddy, their mouths started watering and their
drool began to flow, {also: gilej (IFb); gilez (GF-2);
giluz (B§k); [ghiliz] (JJ)} [svn: ava dev; Uif; Fuk II)
[B$k//SF/A/GF//JJ//IFb]
girik I Jf f. (-a;-e). 1 ) small hill [dim. of gir II]
(K/A/IF/JJ); 2) shoulder, shoulder blade(s)
(B/IJ/Bw); clavicle, collar bone (IS): -girka mil
(K)/[ghirk-i milanjjNL. (JJ) shoulder. I also: girk
(IS); [ghirik] J JJ)) [IS//K/A/IF/B/JJ/Bw] <gir II;
mil>
girik II J girik J _/*[GF] fVin.(Zeb) (). hand mill
used for removing rice husks. I also: <girik> ^J?
(HH)) {syn: destar) [Bw/IFb/HH/GF/OK//Zeb] <a§>
giring Jj Jf adj. important, significant, {svn: berkefti)
I also: giring (Wit)) Cf. Sor giring & jf < giran =
’heavy’ {giringi; giring!) [K(s)/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
giring! ^ f. (-ya;-ye). importance, weight,
significance: • Giringiya ve §adetiye ji ya
d!roknasan behtir e (Rw§ #3, p.24) The
importance of this testimony is greater than that of
the historians »Ji aliye giringiye ve di dereca
yekemin de bft (Wit 1:39, p.ll) With regard to
significance, it was of the first degree, {also: giringi
(Wlt/Rw§)) [(neol)Wlt/Rw§//K(s)/GF/TF/OK]
<girmg>
giriyan (-giriy-) (JB1-S) = to cry. See girin.
girin (jiJ" vi. (-gir!-). to cry, weep: •Herse
rftni§tin li hal£ xwe ft li ber rebbe xwe
gir!yane (Z-2. p.66) The three of them sat and
cried of their plight to their Lord *Jina Ose
bigftkek! sawa hebo, di landikeda bo. Beri
sp£d6 bigftk gir! (SK 40:357) Oso's wife had a
suckling infant which was in a cradle. Before dawn
the baby cried, [also: giriyan (-giriy-) (JBl-S-2);
giran (IFb); [ghirin] ^_/dJJ); <girin ^f(digri)
C(HH)) <Perhaps [Pok. 2. ger- 383.] 'to cry
hoarsely': Mid P griyistan (griy-) (M3); P gerlstan
gerye kardan jpj" ajJT = ’to cry’; Sor girin
giryan jbjl Hau gireway (girew-) vi. (M4); =
Za bermena [F/K/A/jB3/B/jj/HH/SK/GF/jBi-A&s//rFb]
giring JfJ j? (Wit) = important. See giring.
giringi (Wlt/Rw§) = importance. See giring!.
■ •
giri§ (GF/TF) = shock, stack, stook. See gid!§.
girivan Jdbjfm. (-§; ). collar: ‘Emma riw! sere
xo bi giriwan§ xoda §or kiribft, gaw§t xo
migandibftn (SK 4:35) But the fox hung his head
down out of his collar and shut his eyes • Were,
vi kurey girivane xo helk§§e da bite kure
te (M-Ak #651, p.294) Come and pull this boy up
through your collar so that he may become your
son. [also: giriwan (SK)) {syn: berstu; p’esir [2];
pisto; yax) Cf. gewri = 'throat' (M-Ak//SK]
giriwan (SK) = collar. See girivan.
girize ^X (IFb/GF) = shudder, quiver. See girizok.
girizok m. (). shudder, quiver, trembling;
goose bumps, gooseflesh: •Girizok bi la§e min
ve te (Nsb) I get goose bumps *Mirin; gi
gotineke ne xwe§ e, sar ft tahl e. Grftzi bi
cane meriv digre (LC, p. 8 ) Death, what an
unpleasant word, cold and bitter. It sends a
shudder through one's soul, [also: girize (IFb/GF);
girizonek (TF); gruzi (LC)) [syn: firk I)
[Nsb//TF//IFb/GF//LC]
girizonek }y>X (TF) = shudder, quiver. See
girizok.
girj jj> adj. 1 ) wrinkled, puckered (OK); 2) surly,
morose, sullen (OK/K(s]); 3) {syn: bel; qi§t; qund;
rep) erect, bristling, standing on end (SK):
•Gurg! got, "Mftet min girj bftne?" (SK 6:69)
The wolf said, “Have my hairs stood up?”; 4)
puffed up, inflated: -xwe gij kirin (K) to puff
o.s. up: *Gava gur rivina ge§ d!t, xwe ji
miye bi dftr xist, xwe gij kir ft diranSn
xwe qic kirin (E§, p.16) When the wolf saw
the bright flame, it distanced itself from the
sheep, puffed itself up and bared its teeth;
5) tense, taut, {also: gi) (K- 2 /A/IFb/GF/TF);
<gij> X (HH)) Sor girj J^f/kirj jj' = 'wrinkeled,
shriveled, puckered, sullen’
[SK/K(s)/OK//K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF]
girk JJ^(IS) = small hill; shoulder. See girik.
girme X (A) = thunder; crash. See girmfn.
girme-girm ^X ++X* f. (K) = thunder; crash. See
girm!n & gure-gur.
215
G
girmin (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: gure-gur) thunder: -
girmina ewran (IF) thundering of the clouds; 2)
crash, din, loud noise. ( also: girme-girm, f. (K);
girme (A); xirmin (IF-2)) [EP-8/K/A/IF/B] cbirusk;
gufin>
girnas ^b J*[GF) = hero. See gernas.
girnijin Qjjj vi. (-girnij-). to smile, grin, [also:
<girnijin> qjjp_> f(Hej)) {syn:be§i§in; bi§kurin)
[Bw/IFb/(OK)/Hej/RZ] <k'enin>
girover adj. round, circular, {also: gulover
(K/F/BK/B); gurover (BK);
[ghrover^l j?! ghelouver^^Jf) (JJ); <kirover>
(HH)) {syn:gilol I (IF); gildi (IF)) (guloveri;
guloverti) [A/JB3/IF/JJ//K/F/BK/B//HH]
girs adj. big, huge, horsey, large and clumsy;
plump: •Berxen Kill beriya zivistane
g§dibin, zivistane di koza da derbaz
dikin, xurt h girs in (Qzl) "Hill" [early-born]
lambs are born before the winter, and spend the
winter in the sheepfold-they are fat and plump.
[Qzl/K(s)/A/IFb/GF/FJ] <qerase; zivir>
girsik (Hk/Hej/Kmc) = wild pear. See kirosik.
girtin qj J* vt. (-gir-/-gr-). 1 ) to take, take hold of,
hold: •Bi deste wi girt (L) He took hold of his
(=s.o. else’s) hand •Rovi, te ev aqil ji k’u
girtye? (Dz) Fox, where did you get your sense
from?; -bi ser ft-t de girtin (BX)/ser ft-i
girtin (YZ-1) to prefer: «Min honikahiya
zozanan bi ser havina de§te de digirt (BX) I
used to prefer the coolness of the summer pastures
to the summer of the plain # Tu gima tJsib t’ene
ser Kemyara digiri? (YZ-1) Why do you prefer
Joseph over all the others?; -gi bigre (Frq) almost:
•Qi bigre her millet xwedi mizaheke
niviski ye ji (LC, p.3) Almost every nation also
possesses [a tradition of] written humor; -hev[din]
girtin (Wit) to be consistent: •Gotined te hev
din nagrin = Ti§t£d tu dibeji hev din
nagrin (Wit) Your words don’t bear each other
out; -je girtin. See jegirtin; -nezer ji fk-e
girtin (EP-7) to cast the evil eye on s.o.: «Weki
nezer ji te negire (EP-7) Lest the evil eye be cast
on you; -sere hespe girtin (Z-3) to rein in, ride
(ahorse) slowly (^sere hespe berdan): •tin sere
hespS xo negrin Keya dev£ dere diwane
(Z-3) Don’t let your horses slow down until [you
reach] the door of the diwan; -xwe li fk-§ girtin
(XF): a) to depend, rely upon: •MM xwe§be,
eme ji KilKanyene, welate* meda
nangiraniye, me xwe li te girtiye (Ba-1, #31)
Long live the emir, we are from Canaan, in our
country food is scarce, we are depending on you;
b) to head for, make for; 2) to seize, catch, capture:
•Dengek ji sere surehe seh kir, got, bigire
(Rnh 2:17, p.307) He heard a voice from the top of
the city wall, it said, 'Catch!'; 3) {syn: daxistin;
^vekirin) to close, shut: # Dergivan deri digire
(L) The gatekeeper closes the gate, {also: [ghirtin]
(j*/ (JJ); <girtin digre) («/-0> (HH)) [Pok. 1.
ghrebh-/gherbh- 455.] ’to seize, reach’: Skt Vgrbh
[IX. grbhnati]; Av geropiia-; O P garbaya-= ’to seize'
(Kent); Mid P griftan (-glr- < grbya-) = ’to take, hold’
(M3); P gereftan glr-) C ^f)\ Sor girtin qsJ*
(-gir-); Za gena [giroti§] = 'to get; to close’ (Todd);
Hau girtey (ger-) vt = ’to take, seize 1 (M4); cf. also
Germ greifen; Eng grab/grasp/grip/grapple
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK]
girtin h berdan j (yjf f. (-a; ). commerce,
business; comings and going, give and take:
•Girtin il berdana welate Ciztre dest§
wanda bH (Z-l) The comings and goings of the
state of Jizira were in their hands. [Z-l/GF] <dan u
stan din >
girti adj. 1) (^vekiri) closed, shut (K/B); enclosed
(JJ); 2 ) [m.&f.] {syn: dil; hesir I) prisoner, captive:
•Hevsa teda girtik heye (Ba3-3, #32) In your
jail there is a prisoner «Li girtlgehen
Qanakkale ... y^ zedeyi 100 girtiyen siyasi
bi mebesta protest[o]kirina §ert h pest§n
idareye ketin greva birgibhne (Wit 2:59, p.5)
In the prisons of £anakkale [et al.] more than 100
political prisoners held a hunger strike with the aim
of protesting the [bad] conditions and oppression of
[=at the bands of) the authorities, {also: [ghertia]
jf (JJ) ; <girti> C5 i-J"(HH)) [K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/TF]
girtigeh f. (-a;-e). l) | syn: Kebs; zindan)
prison, jail [British: gaol]: «Du girtiy§n tirk her
§var [m]ifteyen girtigeh§ didizin, deri
vedikin, ft bi §ev digin ji xwe re digerin
(AW74B7) Two Turkish prisoners steal the prison
keys every night, open the door, and go out at
night and wander around; 2) concentration camp
(K). [K/JB3/IFb/OK/Wlt]
216
girvank*e *S3I f. ( ;•§). pound (unit of weight) ;
unit of weight equivalent to 410 grams (Hej): »Deh
girvanke ceh (EP-5, # 10 ) Ten pounds of barley.
<Geo girvanka = 'pound’: P girvanke
^Sllj^glrvanke <\Sj Az T girvanka; T kirvanka
[£ayagzi *§av§at -Artvin] = 'scale, balance' (DS,
v. 8 , p. 2839); Sor girwanke As\ 3 jA (Hej)/gerwanke
aSZljjtf (Hej/W&E) = 'packet' (W&E) [EP-5/K/B]
gistil 0 lpu*f (K) = (finger) ring. See gustil.
gistilk = (finger) ring. See gustil.
gi§ jS (IFb/JB3/DM) = all. See gi§k.
gi§k I Jjf ad j. 1 ) [svn: her; ft emu) all [generally
follows the word it modifies) : *Eze we gi§ka
qirkim (Ba) I'll kill you all •Guv gi§k berev
bUn (Ba) All the wolves assembled/gathered round
• Gura gi§ka sond xwar (Ba) All the wolves
took an oath; 2 ) [pm.] all, everyone, everybody:
•Gi§k t§n li Osib dinihSrin (Ba) All come
[and] look at Joseph «Gi§ke birgibun (Ba) They
were all hungry; -ji gi§ka ...-tir = the ...-esl of all
(expresses the superlative degree of adjectives: cf. P
az hameh behtar = 'the best) : # 0 sibi ji gi§ka
aqiltire (Ba) Joseph is smarter than everyone (=the
smartest) # Ev goharto ji gi§an tekuztir e (DM)
This version is the most complele/perfecl of all; 3)
everything: •Osib gi ku ot’axeda dike,
Zelixe gi§ki divine (Ba) Whatever Joseph does
in the room, Zelikha sees everything, {also: gi (Ad);
gi§ (IFb/JB3/DM); gi§t (IFb/B-2); gi s sti [3] (IF- 2 ); [gish
Jif /gi ^//gishk J-cT7gisk (A~f)] (JJ)) Cf. Sor gi§t
M. Schwartz: The most plausible etymon for
gi§k is O Ir *visva—> Av vispa-, Old P visa- =
'all,' cf. Skt visva- & Rus ves' Becb, but -§- is
problematic, unless it is an second, less common
reflex for O Ir -sw-; another possible source is P gas
= 'galore' <gasna <*gazna- = 'treasure'
(according to W.B. Henning in “Coriander.” Asia
Major , 10 , ii (1963), 195-99); K gi$k has been
posited as the source of Mandaic gus = 'all' (see
Macuch) [Ba/F/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/B]
gi§k II (Bw) = hail[stones]. See gijlok.
gi§t o-isf (IFb/B) = all. See gi§k.
gi§tik AJ^f Q. rolled-up ball of dough (before it is
flattened out and kneaded to make bread).
[Zeb/§x/OK] <hevir>
gi§ti adj. 1 ) public: -faya gi§ti (Wit) public
opinion; 2) general. < Sor gi§ti
[Hv/K/A/JB 3/GF/TF/OK/RF/RZ]
giva§tin c j^ilaf(Ag/JB3/IFb/B) = to squeeze, press. See
guva§tin.
givir (IFb/OK/Hej) = wild cat. See givir.
givirdar €adj. dead, lifeless (K). {also: giv u dar
CEP-7)} ( svn: miri) Cf. T gebermek = ’to die (of
animals) ' [EP-7//K] <gever bun (JB3); mirin>
givij jpjf (Haz/Kmc- 2 ) = hawthorn. See gijok.
giv u dar jbj <jf (EP-7) = dead. See givirdar.
givzonek (GF) = thistle. See givzonik.
givzonik A 3 yst f. (). thistle: •Gotin kere: “Were,
em te bibin cenet§.” Got: “Ma givzonik li
we dere heye?” (L-#69) They said to the
donkey, “Come, let us take you to paradise / 1 He
said. “Do they have thistles there?” [prv.] {also:
givzonek (GF)) [L/K//GF] <diri; k’erbe§>
giwi$in (SK) = to squeeze, press. See guva§tin.
giya Lf (JB3/IFb/GF) = grass. See giya [ 1 ].
giyaben / (GF/Hej) = plant root used as folk
remedy. See giyabend.
giyabend f m. (-e;-i). fragrant plant [called
farmut J in Arabic (GF)] or root of the r£vaz
[rhubarb (Bw) = ribes] given as a folk remedy to
people with stomach aches, diabetes, etc., bot.
Artemisia campestris. {also: giyaben (GF-2);
<giyaben[d]> (j)j^LT(Hej)) [Bw/GF/Hej] <ribes>
gizer m.(Xrs)/f.(K/B) ( ; /-e). carrot, {also: gezer
(A/IF- 2 /GF- 2 ); gizer (GF); zirgezer (IF-2); [ghizir] jjf
(JJ); <gezer> HH)) Cf. Ar jazarjj^, Heb gezer
1T3; P gazar 1 Sor gezer
[Xrs/K/IF/B//A/HH//JJ//GF]
gifik JjJ^fBw/JJ) = tassel. See gufik.
giha t^f(F/K/L) = grass; hay. See giya.
gihan (AB) = to arrive; to ripen. See gihan I.
gihandin ^ajI^J^K/BK) = to cause to arrive. See
gihandin.
gihi§tin - to arrive; to ripen, mature. See
gihi§tin.
gijok AjSf. (). hawthorn, azarole, Mediterranean
medlar, bot. Crataegus azarolus : small orange-
yellow fruit sold in the fall in large quantities strung
together in wreaths [T alig, Ar zu'rur P
zalzalak eUl>Mj, R boiarygnik SoHptilUHHK ]
(Mzg/Haz/Srk/K[s]); buckthorn, bot. Rhamnus
cathartica [T akdiken] (IFb); wild cherry, (bot.)
217
G
Cerasus padus & Cerasus avium [T yabani kiraz]
(IFb). (also: givij (Haz/Kmc- 2 ); goyij (K[s]/IFb- 2 );
guhij (GF/TF/OK/AA); guvij (Srk); guhu§k
(Hk/Zeb/IFb); gu§k (OK-2/AA-2); <givi§k
ciLiM^/guhij y^f/guhu§k JUy(Hej)) Sor goyij
jj^gewij [&S [K3] = 'hawthorn'
[Mzg/IFb//K(s)//Haz/Kmc-2//GF/TF/OK/AA/Hej//Srk] <§llan
I>
gilaz (F) = cherry. See g£laz.
ginik (Bw) = sack. See gunik.
giran (IFb) = to cry. See girin.
giro adj. late, delayed, behind: -giro bun (Bw) to
be late, delayed: •[Em ji giro nabin] (JJ) We
won’t be late either; -giro kirin (SK/OK) to delay,
restrain, make (s.o.) late, {also: [ghirou](JJ)}
{syn; dereng; egle| <T geri [older gerii) = 'behind,
back' [Bw/JJ/SK/OK] <dereng>
gisik <dL~f = one-year-old kid (goat). See gisk.
gisin m. (-e; ). plowshare, the part of a
moldboard plow that cuts the furrow: «Ewi dit
hindek masi der keftin digel gasini bin
axe (M-Ak) “He saw that a number of fish came
out of the earth with the ploughshare” *Weki
gisn£ cot; giqas be §ixulandin ewqas we
bibiriqe (WM 1:2, p. 10 ) Like a plowshare, the
more it is used, the more it shines. {also: gasin (M-
Ak); gesin (A/JBl-A/Btm); [gisson jU^/gasm
^yJffRh)] (JJ); <gesin> ^^JtHH)} < ga = 'ox' + fiesin
= 'iron’: cf. P gav'ahan Sor gasin ^If/gaasin
Hau gawesin m. (M4) [Ad/K/JB3/IF/B//
A/JBl-A/HH/Btm//M-Ak/JJ] <cot [2]; halet; hincar;
k’otan>
gisk ciL m./f.(B/OK) ( ; /-£). one- to two-year-old
male goat. { also: gisik; [ghisk] <gisk> J L~f
(HH)) {syn: hevuri) Cf. Pahl v@sak = 'kid (young
goat)'; Sor gisk = ’kid of 3 to 6 months’. See
183. glsa = 'two-year-old goaf (& 181. glgl =
'kid') in: D. Monchi-Zadeh. Worter aus Xurasan
und ihre Herkunft (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990), p.61
[M/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bsk] <bizin; kar I;
kavir; kur I = sayis; neri I; tu§tir>
gi§»e «j~Sf. (• a; ). shock, stook, large sheaf, bale (of
hay , etc.): -gi§a genimi (Zeb) sheaf of wheat.
{also: gidi§; gu§e, m. (OK); <gi§e> j)) Sor
gi§e - 'haycock, stook, conical mound of hay
in a field, stack, rick' [Zeb/Hej//OK] <gurz II;
xorim> See also gidi§.
givir JlS m.&f. (-e/-a; ). wild cat, cougar, lynx; male
cat. {also: givir (IFb/OK); <givir ^^if/givir JJy> (Hej)}
[Bw//IFb/OK/Hej] <k’itik II; p’isik>
giya L S m. (giyaye/giye; ). l) \syn: gayir [ 2 ]) grass:
•Ev gola hana giha 1£ nema (L) There's no
more grass on this mountain; 2) plant; herb; 3) hay
(F/K/B). {also: giha (GF- 2 ); gihiya (K-2); gihya (B);
giya (JB3/IFb/GF); giha (F/K/L); gya (SK); [ghiia L J)
ghiiah oLfj (JJ); <giya> Lf (HH)| Cf. Av gaodayu- =
'cattle-nourisher, hence grass' (according to
Gershevitch); P giyah oLf; Sor giya L f\ Hau giwaw
m. (M4). See Grass in: I. Gershevitch. “Outdoor
Terms in Iranian,” A Locust's Leg : Studies in
Honour of S.H. Taqizadeli (London, 1962), pp.80-
81; reprinted in his Philologia Iranica. ed. by N.
Sims-Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, 1985), pp. 174-75. [L/F/K//A/JJ/OK//JB3/
IFb/HH/GF//B//SK] <ade I; he§inati>
gizan (IF) = razor. See guzan.
gizer (GF) = carrot. See gizer.
gizik Jj-S (IF) = ankle. See gdzek.
glok Jylf (GF) = hall of thread. See gulok.
go Iyf (L) = that (conjj. See ko I.
go Ilj^(L) (I, you, he, etc.) said [abbreviated past tense
of the verb gotin =to say] . {also: got). See under
gotin.
goc ^ adj. crippled or paralyzed in one hand: -goc
kirin (Zeb) to cripple or paralyze in one hand,
{syn: qop; §eht; §il II) Sor goc = ’maimed in the
hand'; Hau goc (M4) [Zeb/IFb/OK]
gog ^5yf /. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: hoi I; fop II) ball: *Li
Hoskan ciwanen gund derketibtln rasta
bendera ji xwe re bi goge dilistin
(AW69B4) In Hoskan [village] the young men of
the village had gone to the threshing floor and were
playing ball; 2 ) {syn: hoi I[ 2 ]} anything in a game
which is hit with a tus [stick], such as tennis ball,
hockey puck, etc. (Bw) [also: gok (K-2/A/TF))
[K/IFb/GF/Bw/Qzl//A/TF] <hol I; k’a$o; tus>
gogerin (A/IFb) = dung beetle. See gtigilerk.
gogird j ^ (K[s]/A) = sulphur. See k’irgtld.
goharto(DM) = version. See guharto.
gohastin (-gohez-) (JBl-S) = to (ex)change; to
marry off. See guhastin.
gok Jyf (K/A/TF) = ball. See gog.
gol /. (-a;-e). 1) lake, pond: -Gola Wane (SB, p.
50) Lake Van (syn: Behra Wane); 2) pool, puddle
N.
218
(B). 1 also: [gol] J/ (JJ); <gol> J/(HH)} < T gol =
’lake’ [Ba2/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <av;
beKr; berm; ger III; gom II>
golik JJj>f m . /{.(B) [ ; /-e). calf, young bovine
(Ad/K/A/JB3); newborn calf, as opposed to
k’endik = one-year-old calf[ Ag); calf up to one
year old (B/HH): ~go§te golikan = veal, calves’
meat, {also: [golk/ golik] <golik> JJJ*
(HH)} Sor gwelik [golik] c-Lb^f/gwereke [goreke]
= ’sucking calf; Hau goreke in. (M4)
[Ad/Ag/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK] <g’elek; ga;
k’endik; malok; mozik I>
gom I f. (-a;-e). 1 ) { syn: axil; axur; k’ox [ 1 ]} sty,
fold, pen (for small farm animals , e.g., sheep );
[syn: beri 1} sheepfold (JJ/B): # Du Tewi rex
gomeke derbaz dibun (Dz) Two travelers pass
by an animal pen «Herdu rewiye birgi gilne
gom§ (Dz) Both of the hungry travelers went to the
pen; -goma pez (F) sheepfold; 2 ) summer hut or
cabin (lFb): '‘Kom is more of a seasonal settlement
... it refers to the seasonal, high, and distant
settlements of houses (usually one room) inhabited
by shepherds and animals together, more as a
shelter for both in late spring.” [from: Lale Yalgin-
Heckmann. Tribe and Kinship among the Kurds
(Frankfurt a.M. et al. : Peter Lang, 1991). p. 78].
[also: gov (A/TF/OK); kom I (Yalgin-Heckmann);
[gom pf/ gouw (JJ); <gov> (HH)} Gf. Arm
kom (W)/gom (E) [See: G. S. Asatrian. "0
paHHHx apMOHHSMax b k ypTIcKOM [=On early
Armenianisms in Kurdish], Patma-banasirakan
Handes = McTopHKO-$HAOAorHnecKHfi
XCypHaA , 113, (1986),171-721 For
anthropological discussions of gom [kom]. see N.
Tungdilek, Tiirkiye iskan Cografvasi : Kir iskani
(istanbul : istanbul Matbaasi, 1967), pp. 129-32 & I.
Be§ikgi. Doguda Degi$im ve Yapisal Soninlar:
Gogebe Alikan Agireti (Ankara : Seving Matbaasi,
1969), pp. 42-44. In: W.D. Hiitteroth. Die Tiirkei
(Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Landerkunden,
1982), p. 291, kom is referred to as a Kurdish
name for animal fold.
[Dz/F/K/IFb/JJ/B/Wn//A/HH/TF/OK] <afir; dolge;
guher; lef; mexel; mi I>
gom II small lake, pond: lietta
ge§tine gomeke. Ditin [sic] soneyek di
gom§ da melewani diket (SK 4:39) They went
until they came to a pond. They saw a drake
swimming in the pond, {also: <gom> pjf (Hej))
[Dh/IFb/SK/TF/OK/Hej] cberm; gol>
gomink m. (-e; ). clump (of grass): -gominke
§afir[i] (Bw) a clump of shafir, green plant eaten
by animals. [Bw] <gumtil>
gon I Q$f m.(K)/f.(JB3/IFb) (). 1) \syn: reng} color
[poetic] ; 2) form, shape; aspect. Cf. P gun
’color'-> Heb gaven *1*0, NA gawna (Krotkoff), W
Arm kuyn/E Arm guyn q.nj\j [K/JB3/IFb]
gon II c j m. (-§; ). being in heat, rut, mating season
(for animals): »£axa gone pez te, n§ri fi
berana berdidin nav (GF) When the sheep are
rutting, they let the billy goats and rams in «wext§
gone pisikan (Frq) mating season for cats; -gon
xwarina pisika (Qzl/Qm§) mating time of cats.
{also: guhn (GF-2)( cf. also guhner (IFb) = ’mating
season for mountain goats’ [Frq/Qzl/Qm§/A/GF/FJ]
gone m. (). 1) tree stump; 2) root (0K/JB3). [syn:
gilare; qurm) [JB3/IFb/0K]
goncal /. (). pit, ditch, hole: •C^el kele§ agir
kiriye, di goncaleke de (L) 40 brigands made a
fire in a ditch, {also: gongal (K)j {syn: g’al II; k’ort}
[L/IF//K]
gongal (K) = pit. ditch. See goncal.
gopal JL if m. (-e; ). stick, club, cudgel, staff:
• Conko xudane keri ji weto xiyal dikir ko
her do hewalet wi de hart wi ken,
nedizani ko rezewani her do lebandine,
dost da gopale xo, hat e rezewani (SK 8:80)
Since the owner of the donkey thought that his two
companions would help him, not knowing that the
gardener had deceived them, he reached for his
staff and came at the gardener, [also: kopal (K~2);
[koupal Jb*S7 gopal (JJ); <gopal> (HH))
{svn: go; gogan; gomax; kevezan; metreq; §iv[ik])
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
gopk m./f.(RZ) (-§/-a; ). 1) treetop; 2)
mountaintop, summit, peak: -gupika giyS (RZ)
do. | also: gupik II (GF/RZ); gupk (Dh-2); kop;
<gopik> j)) [syn: Keg 7 ; kop; k’umik; kumt)
[Dh//Hej//GF/RZ] See also kop.
gor I f./m.(JBl-A/Hk/Zeb) (-a/;-e/). 1 ) (syn;
mexber; mezel [3]; t’irb) grave, tomb; derisive term
for a grave (B): •Wellah, ez§ di gora bav§
gwik nim! (L) By God, I’ll defile the grave of the
sparrow’s father [curse] *H@z§n kolonyaltst
219
G
dixwazin gele me zendi bikine gore (Ber)
The colonialist forces want to bury our people
alive; 2) stone placed under neck of corpse in
grave (Msr). {also: gorn (Epl/IFb-2/GF-2); [gour]
(JJ); <gor> j/ (HH)) Cf. P gur Sor gor jg ; Za
gor/gom/gorr m. (Mai); Hau gur
[L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK/Msr//Epl]
<gorbigor; goristan>
gof II //prep, according to: •Gora 'edete bere (K)
according to custom; -bi gor (K)/li gora
(DM/BX/K/JB3) do.: Mi gora ve kitebe (BX)
according to this book *11 gora min = according
to me »li goreyi xwe (BX) according to one's
own point of view; -gora fk-e kirin (K) to obey,
heed s.o. {syn: le guh dan (BX)): • Darbir gura wi
nekir (Dz) The woodcutter paid no attention to
him, did not heed him. {also: gora... ; goreyi... ; gur
IV (Dz); [goura] \j/{ JJ)) < T gore [BX/K/JB3/IFb/JJ]
gora 1 = according to. See gor II.
gorbigor jjf> v ^f/gor bi gor ^ [K] adj .
damned, cursed, accursed: *Di dema §ahe
gorbigor da (Ber) During the time of the accursed
Shah. < gor bi gor = 'grave in grave' [Ber/K]
gord j(S im) = Christian graveyard. See gort.
gor*eojj^/. (•a/goreya; »e). sock(s), stocking(s):
•Pa§a te-ge§t, siwik ra-bo, nege§t sola xo
di p§ ket, bi goran der-kewt (SK 24:224) The
Pasha understood, got up quietly and, not
managing to put on his shoes, escaped in his
stockings, f also: [goure] o^f(JJ); <gore> 0J S{UH))
{syn: kurik (IF)) Cf. P jurab ~>T gorap -->
Egyptian Ar sarab Syrian Ar jorab Sor
gorewi ^oj^/gorwa l^^fSinneh]; Hau gorewe m.
(M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
goreyi = according to. See gor II.
goristan /goristan [A/IFb/GF] f
(-a;-e). graveyard, cemetery. ( also: gornistan
(IFb-2/GF-2); [gouristan] (JJ)) Cf. P gurestan
Sor goristan [Epl/A/IFb/GF//K//JJ]
<gor I; gort; mexber>
gort f. (-ya;-ye). sacrifice: # [Ez de agirt
berdime keprd da bibit gori] (PS-II) I will set
the hut on fire, so that it may be a sacrifice]; -Ez
gort (IFb)/Ez gori te me (GF) May I be sacrificed
in your stead; -gori bUn (B/K/IFb) to be
sacrificed; -gori kirin (B/K/IFb) to sacrifice, {also:
[gouri] (JJ)) {syn: qurban) <gorin, variant of
guhartin = 'to (ex)change', the idea being that a
sacrifice is stg. taken in place of, or in exchange
for, stg. else, cf. NA xlapa = 'sacrifice' < Vx-l-p = 'to
(ex)change' [PS-II/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
gorin (IF) = to (ex)change. See guhartin.
gorn (Epl/IFb/GF) = grave. See gor I.
gorneba§ m. (). 1 ) an animal resembling a
hyena which allegedly enters graves and eats the
corpses’ bodies (HH); creature in Kurdish folklore
which eats the flesh of corpses: one hand is a claw
[Tpenge], the other a hammer, one foot is a
pickaxe [T kazma], the other a shovel [T kiirek[
(Wn); graverobber (IF): ^Bes e Seddam / ma
qey hftn gorneba§in? / Tiye xfrnene /
birgiye tarm u la§in (Wn) Enough Saddam
[Hussein] / are you corpse-eating monsters? /
Thirsty for blood / hungry for cadavers and
carrion? [poem learned in Van in 1988, after
chemical bombs were dropped on Halabja in Iraq]:
2 ) {syn: k’eftar) hyena, [also: <gurneba§> Ip
(HH)) Cf. Sor gorhelkene ^ = 'hyena,
badger' < gofheiken = 'gravedigger 1
[Wn/K/IF//HH] <k’eftar>
gofnep[’]i§ik f ( ;-e). vampire; terrifying
creature resembling a cat, appearing in legends and
folktales, whose existence is believed in by the folk
(DS, v. 6 : Erci§, Van) fgornapi§ik or gore§en].
[K/B//DS]
gornistan jluJ(IFb/GF) = graveyard. See goristan.
gort o m. (-e; ). graveyard, cemetery (used by
Muslims in speaking of Christians), (also: gord
(Sim)} [QtrE/Urm/ySlm] <girel; goristan>
go§®e m.(K/B)/f(JB3/IF) (•§/ ; ). corner, angle:
•Siabend bi go§e dezmale girt (IS-# 88 )
Siyabend grabbed hold of the corner of the
handkerchief, {also: [gouche ^ft gouj kouche
^51 (JJ); <go§e> *%r(HH)) (syn: k’unc; kuji; qulg’)
Cf. P guse T ko$e |ep-7/k/a/jb3/if/b/)]/hh)
go§t o ni. (-e;-i). meat, flesh: »Tu go§tS me
p’ar bike (Dz) You divide our meat up!; -go§te
beraz/ ~ xinzir (B) pork; -go§te bra§t! (JB3)
roast meat; -go§td Keywan (Bw) beef; -go§te
kelandi (JB3) boiled meat; -go§te kizirandi/
sorkiri (JB3) grilled meat; -go§t§ nerm (Dz) soft
meat; -go§te qel! (JB3) fried meat, {also: [goucht]
(JJ); <go§t> o(HH)) Cf. P gust Sor
220
G
go§t Za go§t m. (Todd); Hau go§t m. (M4)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/GF/TF/OK]
go§tberxik (GF) = edible plant. See
go§tberxk.
go§tberxk JLi j m. (-e; ). an edible plant,
which is boiled and eaten (Bw); sheep’s sorrel (?)
[Sor gwe berxole] (Hej). { also: go§tberxik (GF);
<go§tberxok> 4ij<yc4/(Hej)} [Bw//GF//Hej]
go§tfiro§ m. (). butcher, meat seller:
•Baasiye me li sere kuge sekini u bi desta
dikaneke go§tfiro§ ni§ani me da (LC. 47) Our
Baathist stood at the end of the street and with his
hand pointed out a butcher[shop] to us. Sor
go§tfiro§ [LC/K/IFb/B/GF]
gotar /. (-a;-e). 1 ) lecture, speech; sermon; 2 )
Isyii: bend I[2]} |aiso:gutar (A)) article; report
(K/A): •Rojnama "Riya Teze” bi gotara
rojnamevane xwe Priske [Mjhoyi li ser
helbestvan Casime Celil deng kir. Em li
jer we gotare bi tipen Latin! rabere
xwendevanen xwe dikin (Ber) The newspaper
R.T. (New Path), in a report by its journalist P.[M].
spoke of the poet Jasim Jelil. Below we offer to our
readers that report in Latin script. Sor wutar jb^ =
'statement, speech, article' [Ber/K/A/JB3/IF/GF/OK]
<[ 2 ] we’z>
gotegot o(IFb/GF) = rumor. See gotgotk.
gotgot o(IFb) = rumor. See gotgotk.
gotgotk f. (-a; ). rumor, gossip: *Gotegot
mala meriya xirab dike (GF) Gossip ruins
people [lit. 'ruin people’s home'], {also: gotegot
(IFb/GF); gotgot (lFb- 2 )j {syn: galegurt; galigal: kurt
u pist; pa§golini) [Zeb/Dh/BH//IFb/GF]
gotin Q-jjf vt. (-bej-/-be-/-vej-[Ba]/-ve-/-we-[Ad]/-
wegi- [JBl-S]/[d]§j- [MK2]; subj. [bi]bejim,
[bijbeji, etc.). 1 ) to say, tell: *Min got § = I told
him/her *Dibe (Ba/L)/Dive = Dibeje = He/she
says »Diben (Ba)/Diven = Dibejin = They say
•Qurba, ez tera divem dara mebir (Dz) My
dear fellow, I'm telling you not to cut down the
trees [lit. 'I tell you, don't cut the trees']; -teye
bigota (Z-l) nearly, almost, virtually [lit. 'you
would have said']: *Bor, teye bigota, difire (Z-
l) The horse almost flew; 2 ) [f. (-a; ).] word: *Ji
p§nci cari behtir gotina "mist" di §ilna
gotina "mizdane " de, bi gewti hatiye
bikaranin (AW73C2) More than 50 times the
word ''mist'' was incorrectly used instead of the
word "mizdan." [also: [goutin] (JJ); <gotin
^p^T(dibeje) (oj-rf*0> (HH)) gotin: perhaps < [Pok.
2 . uap-/up- 1112 .] 'to call, cry out 1 {the following
from Pok . have no Indo-Iranian examples: [Pok.
uab- 1109.] 'to call, cry out, scream' & [Pok. 1 .
uap- 1112 .] 'to chatter, prattle'): O P pres, stem
gauba- = 'to say' (Kent); Sgd yw0 & Khwarezmian
ywp/yw = 'to praise'; Sassanid Pahl gowet = ’he
says' (Kent); P goftan Qjjt (-gu-) Sor gutin
jj*f/gotin c ji^T(Arb)/wutin g/^/kutin ^^T(Muk)
(suppletive present stems: -le-/eyj- [Sinne]); b£j-:
[Pok. uekH- 1135.] 'to speak': Skt Vvac [III. vivakti]
= 'to speak, say, tell’; O Ir *vak- (Tsb 41): Av vak-
(pres. *vacya-) = 'to say'; Sgd pres, stem w’0 [wav]
past stem w’yt [wayd] = 'to say’; Parthian pres . stem
w’c [waz] past stem w’xt [waxt] (Boyce); Sor
present stem eyj- [Sinneh] of wutin (elsewhere:
Te-); Za vana [vati§] (Todd)/vajena; Hau watey
(wag-) vt. (M4); cf. also Lat vox, vocis f = 'voice' &
vocare = 'to call' [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
JB1-A&S/GF/TF/OK]
goti pp. 1) said, told; -rasti got! (K)/ya rasti
goti (K)/bi rasti goti (AX) if truth be told, to tell
you the truth; 2) supposed to, obliged to (B): »Goti
em we’deda xebata xwe biqedinin (B) We
are supposed to finished our work on time.
[AX/K/B]
gov (A/HH/TF/OK) = sty, pen. See gom I.
govek f. ( ;-e). 1) (syn: ger II) circle, sphere,
ball; orbit; -goveked 'ezmine (EP-7) heavenly
vault, the heavens, the firmament [Cf. P carx-i
gerdan jb■2) arena (lit. & fig.) ; 3) radius;
4) volume, bulk, size; 5) generation.
[EP-7/K/B]
govend jj f (-a;-e). 1) folkdance, line dance [Cf.
T halay): *Qora govende te u dige (AB) The
dance line comes and goes (=goes forward and
back); -k’etin govende (JB3/IF) to join the
dance, j also: [gouwend] aJ*T(JJ)) Cf. Arm gund
q.nLl«n. /gunt q.nL*uui = 'orb, sphere, globe;
regiment' (<Av gunda & Pahl gund); = Sor hefperke
tfj< Jaa [AB/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/JB1-S]
• •
<sergovend; Yarxi§te>
goyij j^yf(K[s]/IFb) = hawthorn. See gijok.
gozane (). largest type of grape, lackluster in
appearance (Msr); type of grape with large, round
221
G
pits (HH). {also: kozane (IF); <kozane> <oh^T(HH)}
[Msr//IF/HH] <tiri>
gozing (A) = ankle. See gftzek.
grev Joj'f. (-a;-e). (workers’) strike; -greva
birgibftnd (Wit) hunger strike: *Li girtigehSn
Canakkale ... y§ z^deyi 100 girtiyen siyasi
bi mebesta protest[o]kirina §ert u pesten
idareye ketin greva birgibflne (Wit 2:59. p.5)
In the prisons of £anakkale [et al.] more than 100
political prisoners held a hunger strike with the aim
of protesting the [bad] conditions and oppression of
[=at the hands of] the authorities. {aiso: girev
(A/IFb- 2 ); grev (GF/IFb)) T g[i]rev <Fr greve
[(neol) Wit//A//GF/IFb]
grev (GF/IFb) = strike. See grev.
grftb f. (-a;-e). group: •Hun ji kerema xwe
re dikarin ji me re bibejin, ka ev grhb
keng§ ft gima hat damezrandin? (Wit 1:37,
p.16) Would you be so good as to tell us, when
and why was this group established? < T grup
<Eng group & Fr groupe (m.) [(neol)Wlt/IFb]
<cima'et; civat>
gruzi (LC) = shudder, quiver. See girizok.
gudrej = donkey. See guhdirej.
guh Jbj?m. (-e;-i). ear: *Vi guhi dixe, guhe
dinera derdixe (XF) In one ear and out the
other; -guh dan/~ kirin = to listen to: *Tu li
min guh nadi/naki = You're not listeniug to
me *Min guh dikir = I was listening; -guh le
bftn (Bw) to hear [syn: bihistin; seh kirin): *Mi
§nika [=ji nft + ka] guh Ie bu (Bw) I'm hearing
it for the first time/I've never heard (of) it before
[lit. ’I have heard it as new']; -le guh dan (BX)
to obey {syn: gora ... kirin): *Heke tu li min
guh nadi, ez£ li te xim (BX) If you don't
obey me, I'll beat you. {also: [gouh] oS (JJ); <guh>
of (HH)) \syn: kerik I[ 2 ] (Bg)| [Pok. ghous- 454.]
'to sound; to hear, listen' (only Indo-Iranian): Skt
ghosa- m. - 'noise, sound'; O Ir *gausa- (Ras,
p.134): Av gaosa-/g8u§.a- m. - 'ear' & Vgao§
[gusa- [pres, gus-)] = ‘to hear; O P gausa- m. (Kent);
P gus J.ijf = 'ear' & niyosldan (< ni-gos-idan)
= 'to listen'; Sor gwe [go] fef, Za go§ m. (Todd);
Hau go§ m. (M4); cf. also [Pok. 1 . keu- 587.] 'to
pay attention, watch, observe, see, hear': Germanic
*hausyan —> Old Eng hieran --> Eng hear
[BX/F/K/ A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/ HH/SK/
JB 1 -A&S/GF/TF/OK] <bihistin; guhdari; kerik II;
seh>
guhan QUbJ"m.(B)/f.(K) ( ; guhen, vi guhani/).
udder (of cow) ; teat (of animal) : *§ir k’ete
gihana (J) Milk flows [lit. 'fell'] to the udders
•Pez [sic] hat b§riy§, bi guhan^n tiji (AB)
The sheep came to the sheepfold, with full
udders, {also: gan II (IFb- 2 ); gihan II (J); [gouhan]
(JJ); <guhan> (jl^f (HH)) (syn: g’ig’ik [3];
guhandir) < O Ir *gau-dana- (<gau- = 'bovine
product' + dana- = 'container') ( also A&L p.85
[V, 4]): Av gaoSan- = 'bucket'; Sgd yoSn = ’bucket';
Baluchi godan ='udder’; Luri gun; Laki gon;
Pashto yulanja; Sor guwan ^l^^'iidder'; Za m.
guwan = ’udder' (Todd) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/TF/OK] <g’elek = mange; §ir>
guhandir f. (). udder (of cow), {also: gandil
(IFb)) {syn: g’ig’ik [3]; guhan) Sor guwanden
Aj|j^[K//IFb] <g’elek = mange; §ir>
guhar jbbjf m.(Mtk/Qzl)/f.(B) (-§/ ; /-§). earring:
•Ew zere gerdena xwe ft guhar§ xwe ji
datine ser t’ae mezine (Ba) She puts the gold of
her necklace and earrings onto the pan of the
scales; -guhare guh = do.: »Guhare guh§ te
me / xizema poze te me (Mtk) I am the earring
in your ear / I am the nose ring in your nose, {also:
gihar (GF-- 2 ); guhark’ (JBl-A); guher II (TF);
[gouhar] (JJ); <guhar> jl$f (HH)) Cf. P gusvare
Sor gware ; ?<fusion of a) P gohar
- 'jewel' + b) guh = 'ear' [Ba/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/SK/GF/OK/Mtk/Qzl//JB1-A//TF] <guh>
guhark’ JjLa^QBI-A) = earring. See guhar.
guhartin qs jbtS vt. (-guh£r-). to change (vt.) ,
exchange, switch: •£ ku ez anime, we min ji
bivin, were em more xwe li hev biguherin
(EP-7) Those who brought me will also take me
away; come, let us exchange signet rings with each
other, {also: gorin (IF-2); guhastin (B); guherandin
(A); guherin (GF); guherin (EP-7); guhorin (-guhor-)
(SK); [gouhourin] (JJ)I <guherin
(diguheri) C c5 ^j)> (HH)) <0 Ir * vi-vart-: vart- <
[Pok 3. uer- 1152.] 'to turn, bend': Av vi- + varat-
(Tsb 72); Sor gorin = 'to change (vt.)' & goran
(ji 'to change (vi.f [BX/K/JB3/IF//B//EP-7//
HH/GF//A//JJ/SK] See also guhastin.
guharto pjl&jf f. (). 1) \syn: §ax [6]; §ov [6]) version
(DM): ‘Qend ErmeniySn kurdizan ji 3
222
G
gohartoyen Meme Alan bi kurdi gap
kirine (DM) Some Kurdish-speaking Armenians
printed three versions of Meme Alan’in Kurdish;
2 ) variation; variant (JB3); 3) variety (JB3/IF).
[also: goharto (DM)) [(neol)SW/JB3/IF]
guhastin vt. (-guhez-). 1 ) to change (vt.) ,
exchange, switch: -here xwe [je] guhastin (XF)
to turn away from; to turn one’s back on; to break
or discontinue a relationship; to renounce,
disavow, give up; to stop paying attention to, to
express indifference toward; to stop loving or
respecting; -ci guhastin (K) to change or switch
places: *Eve listike gere tu u Memeva ciye
xwe biguhezin (Z-l) For this game, you and M.
must change places *Her listikeke gere we
ciye xwe biguhasta, le we usa nekir (Z-l)
You should have changed places for every game,
but you didn’t: -k’ince xwe guhastin = to
change one's clothes; to disguise o.s.; 2 ) to transfer,
transport (IF/HH/SK). See veguhastin; 3) to bring
the bride from her father’s house to the groom’s
home, to marry off (a girl): •[Buke xwe gohast]
(JJ) He was searching for [his son’s] bride •[Dive ji
kur@ xwe biguheze] (JJ) He wants to find a girl
to marry to his son «Eze te ji xwefa biguheze
[sic] (Z- 2 ) I will seek you in marriage, [also:
gohastin (-gohez-) (JB1-S); guhaztin (JB3/IF);
guhestin (A/IP-2); [gouhastin] ^^~^(JJ); <guhastin
(diguheze) (HHj) Sor gwastin*ewe
’to transfer' [Z-i/l/l’/K/]j/B/M-Zx//]Bi-s//
JB3/II7/M <veguhastin> See also guhartin.
guhaztin (JB3/IF) = to change. See guhastin.
guhdar 1 ) listener, one who listens,
auditor (K/A/JB3/IF); [pl.[ audience: *Ez
guhdarim (K) I’m listening; 2 ) [ adj .] obedient (K).
[also: [gouh-dir jj^5?ghohe-dar (JJ))
[guhdari; guhdarti) [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/JB 1 -A/GF/
TF/OK)
guhdari f ( ;-ye). 1 ) (act of) listening:
-guhdari kirin = to listen to; to pay attention
[syn: guh kirin/dan; seh kirin); 2 ) attention (JJ).
[also: guhdarti (B- 2 ); gudari (Bg); [gouhdari]
(JJ)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/OK] <bihistin; gor II; guh>
guhdarti jj^(B) = listening; attention. See
guhdari.
guhdirej (). donkey, ass; polite word for
donkey used in the presence of elders and
superiors (B). [also: gudrej; guhdrej; [gouh-dirij]
JJ)) [syn: k’er I| < guh = ’ear’ + direj =
’long' [J/K/JJ/B]
guhdrej = donkey. See guhdirej.
guher I jAjfc^ffA/IF/JJ/HH) = open-air pen for sheep. See
guher.
guher II j*a/(TF) = earring. See guhar.
guherandin (A) = to (ex)change. See
guhartin.
guherin (HH/GF) = to (ex)change. See
guhartin.
guher JjtJ*f. ( ;-e). open-air pen or enclosure for
sheep and goats ; stopping place or resting place
for sheep and the like: -guhGr kirin (K) to round
up (sheep and goats , to put them in a guh§T to
rest) : *Lazeki §unda me pez av da, guher
kir, em gi§k berevi ser hev bftn, me gend
mi dotin, dest bi xwarine kir (Ba 2 - 2 , p. 206)
A moment later we watered the sheep, we rounded
them up, we all gathered together, milked a few
ewes, [and] began to eat. [also: guher I (A/IF);
[gouher] (JJ); <guher> ^f(HH)) {syn: k’oz) K>T
guher [Ahlat -Bitlis] (DS, v.6, p.2216) = ’place in
the mountains for sheep to rest, pen'
[Ba 2 /K/B/GF//A/IF/JJ/HH] <afir; axil; axur; beri I;
dolge; gom I; k’ox; lef; mexel>
guherin (EP-7) = to (ex)change. See guhartin.
guhestin (A/IF) = to change. See guhastin.
guhgiran adj. deaf, hard of hearing, {syn; kef
II) [K]
guhij (GF/TF/OK/AA/Hej) = hawthorn. See
gijok.
guhki§ink J f ( ). a game played with
knucklebones [k’ap II] [lit. 'pulling each other’s
ears’]. [Qzl] <k’ap II>
guhn (GF) = being in heat. See gon II.
guhorin ^.JP^(-guhor-) (SK) = to (ex)change. See
guhartin.
guh§eytan jLj(). snail: «Spi ye, ne kesk
e, guh bele, ne mi§k e; buhara ter e,
havina hi§k e [guh§eytan] (L) It’s white, not
green, it pricks up its ears, but isn't a mouse; in the
spring it’s wet, in the summer it’s dry [rdl.; ans
snail], [syn: hiseynok; §eytanok) [L/K]
*guhtir j&Ajf (). 1) [syn: zibil) garbage, refuse (IF); 2)
(syn: sergin) dung, manure (IF). [IF]
223
G
gujeguj j/oj/7guje-guj i/ a j/[K] / (-a;-e). 1)
sound of wind or water during a storm : *Barane
gujeguje (K) The rain is pitter-pattering
•gujeguja ave (GF) purling, murmuring of water
-gujeguj kirin (K/B) to rage, storm; 2) rumble or
humming sound of a motor (B). [EP-4/K/B/GF]
<ba; baran; §irin 1I>
gul f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: g’ig’ek; kulilk; mom)
flower: ‘Memo, mi du baq gul kirine, yek
sor e, yek zer e, Keyran, eze wan Kerdu
gulan ya sor deste min e rastiye, ya zer
min e gepi ye (MC-1, #153) Memo, I have
bought two bouquets of flowers, one is red, one is
yellow; the red ones are in my right hand, the
yellow ones in my left hand; 2) rose: •Mem£
gihi§t ser kanike, dora kaniye bi sosin,
beybun, gul u riKana xemilandi bu, Meme
peya bti. (FK-eb-1, p.268) Mem reached a spring
adorned with lilies, camomile, roses, and basil. He
dismounted, {also: gol (JBl-A); [goul] Jf (JJ); <gul>
Jf(HH)} < [*wrd] root of unknown origin : Av
vareSa- = 'a plant' (Hiibsch #927); Pahl varta/varda
(Horn #927) = ’rose’ (>Arm vard i^wpi> = ’rose 1 );
Southern Tati dialects (all f.): Chali, Takestani,
Eshtehardi, Xiaraji & Sagz-abadi vela = ’flower'
(Yar-Shater); P gol J f--> T giil; Sor gul Za vil f.
(Todd); Hau will f. (M4); cf. also [*wrod-o-] Gr
rhodon poSov/Sapphic brodon PpoSov
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK//JBl-A]
<bi§koj [2]; solin II>
gula berbiroj JiPj^^(IFb) = sunflower. See
gulberroj.
Gulan f. ( May (month): *[Heyva
Gulan§, xweyi reza bi kul u kovane] (BG)
The month of May, the vintner [vineyard owner] is
worried and uneasy ( fearing hailstorms which
could ruin the grape harvest ) [proverbial
expression] -meha Gulan§ = do. {also: [goulan]
O^T(JJ); <gulan> ^^(HH); [goulane] (BG)) Perhaps
originally meha gulan = 'the month of flowers'-,
y
corresponds to last part of Gulan ( j'^5?Banemer
L (P ordl behest [Taurus] & 1st part
o/Cozerdan or Cehzeran
jijojAajw/Codirew jojjy=w/Baranbiran ji^ jljb
[/Bextebaran ji jb*^^] (P xurdad jIj_> s) [Gemini]
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//BG]
gula§ f. ( ;-e). wrestling: -gula§ girtin
(K/IFb/B/GF/OK) to wrestle: *Gund§ me da
keseki dil nedikir wira gula§ bigirta (Ba 2 :l,
p.204) In our village no one would dare to wrestle
with him. {also: <gula§> (HH); cf. also
[goulech-ghir] = ’athlete, fighter’) fsyn:
bimbarekiya desta; pijan I) < T giire§
[Ba 2 /K/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK]
gulbend Ijf f Q. garland, wreath (K): -gulk H
gulbend (Z- 2 ) do. (syn: gulwaz) [Z-2/K]
gulberoj (Bw) = sunflower. See gulberroj.
gulberroj f. [ ;-e). sunflower, bot.
Helianthus annuus : -tovket gulberoje (Bw)
sunflower seeds, {also: gula berbiroj (IFb); gulberoj
(Bw); gulbiroj (K); <gulaberberojke>
Y ^ t;
(Hej)} Sor gulebefoje
[Bw//OK//K//IFb//Hej] ’
gulbiroj ISjjJjf (K) = sunflower. See gulberroj.
gulgisk (Bw) = kidney. See gurg’ik.
guldan ji jJjd (K/A/B/GF/OK) = vase. See guldank.
guldang JjI jJ*T(B/TF) = vase. See guldank.
guldank JjIjJ f. (-a;-e). vase: •...kengi Doktor
Sertag firsend ditibd ti. ew guldanka tiji
gulen hi§kkiri ki§andibh ber wi wfineyi
(KS. p.40) ...when had Dr. Sertag found the chance
to put [lit. pull] that vase full of dried roses in front
of that picture? {also: guldan (K/A/B/GF/OK-2);
guldang (B- 2 /TF)) [KS/IFb/OK//K/A/B/GF//TF]
gul*e f. (*a;*e). bullet: *Heco pigek enta xo
ji pi§ta *binegftze ina der. Ose der-fial
celeboka qutebotani§ ke§a, guile li niweka
her do biroyan kewt, ji patika ser go der.
Heco der-Kal be-roh bo (SK 40:363) Hajo
brought his forehead out a little from behind the
trunk of the walnut tree. Oso immediately pulled
the trigger of his Short Botani and the bullet hit
him right between the eyebrows and went out at
the back of his neck. Hajo immediately dropped
lifeless; -gule kirin (B) to shoot to death, execute
by shooting, {also: guile (K/SK/GF); gule (JBl-S);
[goule] (JJ)) (syn: berik II) Cf. P golule <d^lf=
’ball, sphere, bullet’—> T guile = ’cannon ball, shell’;
Sor gule J^f[F/iFb/B/jj/Ba 2 //K/SK/Gl 7 /jBi-S| <g 5 ek;
silefi; Fifing; zireg>
gulebaran jljLJ^Q. torrent of bullets, shelling: -
gulebaran kirin (Wit) to rain down bullets on,
shower with bullets, rake, shell {also: gullebarandin
224
G
(K)}: •Pi§ti eri§a gerilayan le§keren
qereqol§ ji §ri§ birin ser gund d xaniyen
gund gulebaran kirin (Wit 1:41, p.3) After the
guerrilla attack, the police forces launched an
attack on the village, and showered the village
houses with bullets. [Wlt/IFb//K] <derb; gule;
§elik>
gulik f (). 1) little flower (K) [gulik];
ornamental/rose-colored flowers (IF): -gulk u
gulbend (Z-2); 2) \syn: gufik; ri§i) [plj fringes,
pompons (K) [gulk]. (also; gulk (K-2/Z-2)) {Z- 2 /K/IF)
<gul>
gull I f./m.(JB3) (-ya / ;-ye/ ). 1 ) lock (of hair) ,
curl, ringlet (F/K/JB3/JJ); plait, tress, braid
(F/K/A/IF); the hair that hangs at the back of the
head (HH): *Guliye Zine yek-yek diqi§irine
(Z-l) He could see each one of Zin’s braids;
2 ) {syn: biji 11 mane (of horse): -guliya hespi
(Zeb/Dh) do. 1 also: [gouli] { Jy?{ JJ); <[g]uli>
(HH)1 [Z-l/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/Mzg] <bisk; kezi;
mu; p’or III; Puncik>
gull II (JJff./m.fSF) (-[y]a/-ye; ). branch: *Min
dan e te spindar o ginar o guz o her
dareki bilind o held ... helina xo li-ser
gilia wan ge-ke (SK-I:4) I have given you the
poplars and planes and walnut trees and every high
and smooth tree ... Build your nest in their
branches *Pelen guliye dara ginare ye ku
ew li ser bti, kil btin (SF 17) The leaves of the
plane tree branch he was on trembled, [also: gill II
(SK); [glli] (JJ-Lx)l {syn: g’iq[il]; §ax [1]; ta VI) Za gil
m. = 'branch' (Mai) [SK/JJ-Lx//IFb/GF/TF/OK/Mzg]
<dar I>
gulk (K/Z-2) = little flower. See gulik.
guile (K/SK/GF) = bullet. See gule.
gullebarandin (K) = to shower vvitli bullets.
See gulebaran kirin under gulebaran.
gulm jJ/(K/MUm) = steam; breath. See hilm.
gulok f. (-a;-e). skein, ball (of yarn, thread,
etc.) : •Pireke k’esive ku seri bini se gulok
dezie we hebtine, ew ji dive mi§terie Osiv
(Ba3-3, #26) A poor old woman who possessed
nothing but three balls of thread, she too wanted to
buy Joseph; -guloka t’@Ia (F) ball of thread, {also:
gilok (A/IFb/GF/Mzg/Kr§); glok (GF-2); [ghilouk]
JjifQj)! {syn: peng 1} Sor gilole Jjlf = 'ball (string,
thread, wool, etc.)' [Ba3/F/K/B//A/IFb/GF/Mzg/Kr§//JJ]
<dezi; masur>
gulol JyJ^f (K/B) = round. See gilol I.
gulor = round. See gilol I.
gulover (K/F/BK/B) = round. See girover.
guloveri f (). roundness, {also: guloverti (B)}
[K] <girover>
guloverti Jf (B) = roundness. See guloveri
gulwaz j y Jfm . (Dh )/f.(OK) (). wreath of flowers,
garland, {also: gelwazi (syn: gulbend) [Dh/OK]
guman jL ^ f (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: §ik) suspicion, doubt:
•Bi gumana min ti§tek di binda heye (Z-2) I
suspect that there is something under it; 2 ) [syn:
faman) thought, idea; 3) [syn: hevi) hope:
•Darbiro, dara mebir, gumana xwe ji
xwede mebir (Dz) Woodcutter, don't cut down
trees, don't cut off your hope from God Iprv.];
-guman[a xwe] fk-t/ft-i anin (B) to hope: «Me
ji razedilia xwe dida u gumana xwe dani
weki ew ji we roja dawete mera t’evayi §a
bin (Ba 2 : 2 , p.208) We also agreed and hoped that
they would celebrate the wedding day with us; -be
guman, see beguman. {also: guman; [gouman]
jLxf (JJ)) < prefix vi- = 'away, apart’ + Vman- = 'to
think' ( of disparate minds'): Av vlmanah- = 'doubt'
(Horn #932): O P vimana- (Hiibsch #932); Pahl
guman; P goman jLT; Sor guman j'doubt,
thought' [F/Dz/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
gumgum m.(K)/f.(B) (-e/ ; /-£). 1) carafe,
decanter (K); flask, water bottle (K); clay water jug
(B); vessel for holding rosewater (IF); water vessel
(JJ): •Leyle rabh, gumgum hilda hat ser
kanie, ave, bive (EP-5, #14) Leyla took her
water jug and went to the spring, to fetch water; 2 )
coffee pot (HR-l/JJ). {also: [ghimghim/goumgoum]
^Cf[J])) Cf. Ar qumqum ^ = 'long-necked bottle';
Heb qumqum Dlpfrlp = ’tea kettle, coffee pot 1
[HR-l/K/IF/B/JJ] <cer; k’up>
gumgumok (IFb/GF/TF) = lizard. See
qumqumok.
gumre (B/IFb) = huge. See gumreh.
gumreh adj. 1) (syn: gir I; mezin; qerase) big,
huge, enormous, great; well-fed, well-watered (JJ);
2) powerful, mighty, great (lit. & fig.) (K/B): •llahi
zivistane, gaxe ba sur gumreh dibtin
(Ba2) Especially in the wintertime, when the wind
and cold were strong *Vira §ik §ayi§i8d min
225
G
daha gumreh bdn (Ba2:2, p.205) At this point
my worries became [even] greater; -bae gumreh
(B) strong wind, {also: gumre (B-2/IFb-2);
[goumreh] (}}); <gumreh> o(HH))
[B a2 /K/IFb IB / J J/HH/GF/TF]
gumtil (-£; ). 1) clump, clod, cluster, ball:
•Hirg ra-westa Ketta me§ li ser-o-gawet wi
bon e gumtil {SK 10:99) The bear waited until
there was a cluster of flies on his face •Ra-bon,
her yeki zewiek kir e xe. muroek ji wan
rojeki go, sera zewia kir! e xe bidet, da
bizanit ka §in bie, §in nebie, gizika xe
daye, nedaye. Wexte go, di-naw zewie
gerya, ji wi serey go wi seri, gu nedit.
Got, "Da gumtileki ax£ ra-kemewe, belko
di-bin gumtilida gizika xo dabit." Wexte
gumtil£ ax£ ra-kir duro§h§ika dhpi§ki der-
kewt (SK 19:178) They went away and each one
put a field to salt. One of them went one day to
visit his field put to salt, to see whether it had
sprouted or not. When he went he wandered about
the field from this side to that, but saw nothing. He
said, "Let me lift a clod of earth, perhaps it has
sprouted under the clod.” When he lifted the clod
of earth the sting of a scorpion appeared; -gumtile
ax£ (Bw) a clod of earth; 2) lump, swelling, tumor
(IFb/OK). | aiso; gutil (TF); <gumtil> J^/(He))) Cf.
y
Sor gundik Jxs^?7gunk [=kilo plS] = 'lump,
clod' [Bw/IFb/JB 1-A/SK/OK/Hej//TF]
gun m. (-£; ). testicle(s), 'balls', 'nuts': «Eger tu
qewi sil i, here, awa sar paw£je gunet xo
(SK 36:324) If you are very upset, go and throw
cold water on your testicles *Em ne c er§
kursiyan dibinin u ne ga u masiyan. Em
noke pi§ta gun£ xo ji nabinin (SK 39:349)
We see neither the Dais nor the Throne, nor the
Ox and the Fish. We cannot even see behind our
own testicles now. { also: gundik; gurn (IFb-2);
[goun] qT(JJ); <gun <yf/gunik Jjf> (HH)] (syn: bati;
helik [1]) Cf. P gond j = 'testicle'; Sor gun
Hau gun m. (M4) [K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
<kir; ritil II>
gunahkar (JJ/SK) = sinner; guilty. See
gunehk’ar.
gunc£§k m. ()- sparrow, zool. Passer
domesticus. [also: gunci§k (K[s])| (syn: beytik; g’uk
1} Cf. P gunjiSk [F//K(s)]
guncik f (). pepper, sweet pepper, bot.
Capsicum, (syn; back; biber; higfiar; isot]
[HR-I/RZ] <dermane germ; isot>
guncigk (K[s]) = sparrow. See gunce§k.
gund m. (-e;-i). village: *Nav£ gund namfisa
gund e 0 The name [i.e., reputation] of the village
is the honor of the village [prv.]. { also: [gound]
(}})] Cf. Mid P gund = ’army, troop; group,
gathering’; = Sor de [F/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
^ •«
gundik testicles. See gun.
gundi m. (-ye; ). villager, peasant, {also:
[goundi] (JJ)} (gunditi! [F/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
gunditi ^ f. (). peasantry, being a peasant.
[K/A/IF] <gundi>
gundor m. (K/IFb/GF/OK/AA/Kmc--2) =
pumpkin, gourd; melon. See gindor.
gundur (JBl-A) = melon. See gindor.
gune I ojJ^adj. 1 ) (syn/besuc) innocent, guiltless:
•Em gunene (Z-922) We are innocent «Tuye
evi xelqe bestic ti gune qir neki (Z-l) Don't
destroy this guiltless and innocent people;
-Guneye = It's a pity to waste it | syn: nestele}:
•Eva meriki am ft Dame, guneye (Z-922)
This is a perfectly innocent man, it would be a
shame [to kill him] »tteywane bin meda
gunene (Z-l) It's a shame [to waste] the animals
under us (=on which we are riding) «Ez isleh£
wan ji wan bidizim, we namhsa wan
bi§k£, guneh e (L) If I stole their weapons from
them, it would ruin their honor, it would be a sin
(or, a shame), {also: guneh (L)( [Z-l/Z-922]
gun»e II *6^m. (•£; ). 1 ) guilt, sin; responsibility
[for ending s.o.'s life]: *Me gun£ vi k’esivi,
zare wi kire stuye xwe (Z-922) We have taken
the responsibility [for the lives of] this man and his
children on ourselves [lit. 'on our own necks 1 ];
-gune fk-e hilanin = to take on the
responsibility [for having killed s.o.] *Ez guneh£
we hilneynim (L) I don't want to be responsible
for you (=for your death) *Ez her mirazim, ez
te nakujim, gune te hilnaynim (Z-l) I've
gotten what I want, I won't kill you, I won't take on
the responsibility [for killing you]; 2 ) (syn; heyf [ 2 ])
pity: «Gun£ min li we hatye (EP-7) I felt sorry
for you # Te qey digot gun§ wi li Stisik£ t£,
naxwaze, ku ew t’ene bimine (Ba2:2, p.206)
It was as if he felt sorry for Susik, and didn't want
\
226
I
1
G
her to be alone; -gune xwe li fk-e anin
(XF)/gunehe xwe 16 anin (K) to pity, take pity
on, feel sorry for; *Wi Keyami dmifi bol bft,
em diziva dik’etne baxa, me emi§ didizya,
carna ji xwey6d hine baxa gune xwe li me
danin, Szna me didan, weki em emi§ed ji
dara k’eti ... xwera berevkin (Ba2-4, p.224)
At that time [of year] fruit was abundant, we would
sneak into orchards and steal fruit, and sometimes
the owners of some orchards would take pity on us
and allow us to pick fruit which had fallen from the
tree. (a/so:guneh (IF); [gounah oL5?goune *jfj (JJ)j
Cf. P gunah o Lf—> T giinah; See etymology at
binas. [Z-922/B/JJ//IF] cbinas; silc>
guneh Aaj^fflF/L) = innocent; (It’s) a pity. See gune I:
guilt, sin; responsibility. See gune II.
gunehbar adj. accused, suspected, [also:
gunehber (GF)| [Dh/K(s)/OK//GF] <gune II>
gunehber ^f(GF) = suspected. See gunehbar.
gunehk’ar (). 1 ) sinner: •Ewro wezifa
min ew e, bo dujminan o gunahkaran ji
gakie bikem (SK 4:47) Today my duty is this, to
do good to enemies and sinners alike; 2 ) criminal;
3) culprit; 4) [adj.] guilty; criminal (adj.): *Way bo
Kale me. em de gito cewaba xude deyn?
Em gelek gunahkar o rft-re§ boyn li-ber
dergahS xud6 (SK 9:89) Alas for us. How shall
we answer to God? We have become most guilty
and shamed before the court of God. [also:
gunahkar (SK); gunehker (A); gunek’ar (EP-7/B);
[gounah-kar] jlSjfcUf (JJ)} (gunehk’ari; gunek’ari)
[EP-7/B// F/K/JB3/IFb/GF//JJ/SK//A]
gunehk’ari f. (). sinfulness, [also: gunek’ari
(B)} [F/K/IF//B]
gunehker (A) = sinner; criminal. See
gunehk’ar.
gunek’ar jlTaj^(EP-7/B) = sinner; criminal. See
gunehk’ar.
gunek’ari (B) = sinfulness. See gunehk’ari.
guni ^^(RZ) = sack. See gftnik.
gup /. (-a; ). cheek; inside of cheek (IFb). [also:
gep (IFb- 2 /OK/K§); gupik I (K); gup (IFb); [ghep]
(JJ)) (syn: alek; hinarik; lame; rft [3]} Cf. P kab cT=
'inside of cheek' & (Afghani) P gap = 'talk;
mouth’; Sor gup 'inside of cheek, cheek
when inflated'; Hau gip m. = 'cheek' (M4)
[Msr//K//IFb//JJ/OK/K§]
gupik I (K) = cheek. See gup.
gupik II Jo/{G¥/KL);
gupk JoJ* (Dh) = top. See gopk.
gur I j^lKJ/gur I m. (-e; ). wolf: *Gurno,
gur§ keri-lalo (Ba) O wolves, deaf and dumb
wolves *Kire gazi, ku Hemft gur6 wan dera
berevi cem wi bin. Gur gi§k berev bftn (Ba)
He called all the wolves of those parts (~of that
area) to gather before him. All the wolves
gathered; -gele gur (Ba) pack of wolves, [also:
gurg (M-Ak/SK/GF-2/OK-2/Bw); [gour] ^(JJ);
<gur> /(HH)| {gurti (K)| [Pok. ulk^os 1178.]
’wolf: Skt vrka- m.\ O Ir *wrka-: Av vahrka-;
Khwarezmian ’wrk [ark] me; Sgd wyrk [wirk-];
Southern Tati dialects: Chali varg m. = 'wolf &
varga/. = ’she-wolf (Yar-Shater); Shughni group:
Shughni/Roshani/Bartangi/Oroshori war) m. &
Shughni/Roshani wirjin f.; Yazghulami warg
(Morg2); P gorg J*; Sor gurg Za verg m.
(Todd); Hau werg m. (M4); cf. also Gr lykos Auxog
in.; Lat lupus; Rus volk boak
[F/B/A/JB3/IF/JJ/MH/GF/TF/OK//K//M-Ak/SK/Bw] <d§legur;
fovi I; tori I>
gur II j^f/gur II [GF/TF/OK] adj. gushing, strongly
flowing, pouring (rain): *Zargotina me pir
dewlemend e. Milete me ew zargotin
afirandiye, niha ji diafirine. Ew kaniyeke
gur e (Wit 2:59, p.16) Our folklore is very rich.
Our people has created this folklore, and is still
creating it. It is a gushing source; -barana guf (B)
driving or pouring rain. Cf. T gur = 'abundant,
dense, thick; gushing' [Wlt/K/IFb/B//GF/TF/OK]
See also gir I.
gur III ^(FK-eb-l)/gur III ^(Ba2) = large. See gir I.
gur IV jjf = according to. See gor II.
gurandin vt. (-gurln-). 1 ) to skin, flay; 2)
[syn: §erjekirin) to slaughter: *Le ji bo dawet6
dik ft miri§k digurandin (Rnh 3:22, p.426) For
the wedding they were slaughtering roosters and
chickens, [also: guron (-guro-) (M); [gurandin]
^\j/( JJ)) [Rnh/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//M]
<g’erm; ku§tin>
gurc I m.&f. (). 1) Georgian (native of Georgia in
the Caucasus): -jina ~ (K)/k’ulfeta ~ (B) Georgian
woman; -ziman§ gurca[n] (K) Georgian language,
Kartuli; 2) (/] beautiful woman; fairy; "The Gurj
live in a special land at the end of the world,
227
beyond India ... the people run around naked and
eat and drink all day long. Their women are of
extraordinary beauty ... a fairy-like being" (PN II,
p.381, note 62,5): •Maymun rabu, germe xwe
0
ji xwe jekir, biderket gurc (PS 1:11, p.25) The
ape threw off her pelt, and it turned out that she
was a gurj [fairy], [also: [gurj] (JJ-PS); <g[u]rg>
g/(HH);<gurc> £4 /(Hej))
[PS/K/A/B/JJ/GF/Hej//HH]
gurc II adj. (too) short (of a rope, skirt , etc.):
• Ev werise ye gurc e (Zeb) This rope is too
short, {also: <gurc>£j^f (Hej)) {syn: kurt I[
[Zeb/Hej] <kin>
gurci adj- beautiful, sexy, gorgeous (of a
00
woman), {syn: bedew; cindi; spebi) Sor gurci ^^
- 'sexy' [Zeb/IFb] <gurc I[ 2 ]>
gurcik (B) = kidney. See gurg’ik,
gurg’ik J^ J3 f f ( ;-e). kidney, {also: gulgisk (Bw);
gurcik (B- 2 ); gurg’i (S&E-Turkmenistan); guregik
(HB- 2 ); [gourtchik] (JJ); <gurgik> (HH)}
Av varaSka f .; Mid P gurdag (M3); P gorde ojS or
gurgik d^f/gurgile *1^£; Za velke f (Mai); Hau
wilk in. (M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH//Bw]
gurg’i f (S&E-Turkmenistan) = kidney. See
00
gurg’ik.
guregik d>o J3 f (HB) = kidney. See gurg’ik.
gure-gur oj^f/guregur f./pl.fRnh) (-a/
;-£/). 1 ) (syn: girmin) thunder(ing): *Ev ne
gureguren Hitler, le y§n Xwede ne (Rnb)
Those are not the rumblings of Hitler [=Nazi
bomber planes], but ratber those of God; -gure-
gur kirin (K/B) to thunder, rumble: *'Ewr
dikine guregur (B) It is thundering [lit. 'The
clouds are making thunder’]; -gurgura ezmen
(IF/JB3) thunder; 2 ) grumble, grumbling; rumble,
rumbling; boom(ing). {also: gire-gir II (F); girme-
girm (K- 2 ); gurgur (IF/JB3)} Cf. Sor girmey hewr
Jf - 'thunder' & gure§ey hewr -
■ • • •
'mutterings of distant thunder'; Za gurme-gurm =
'rumble, boom’ [Rnh/K/B//F//IF/JB3] <birusk>
gurex (IFb/GF) = fierce. See gurex.
gurex adj. fierce, ferocious, ill-tempered,
vicious: -d£lika gurex (GF) fierce female dog;
-se§d gur£x (Ba2) fierce sheepdogs: *tter keriki
p§z ra s£-gar se£d gurex derdik’etne gole,
ewe usa dir btin, ku keseki dil nedikir
n§ziki pez be (Ba 2 :l, p.203) With every flock of
sheep, 3-4 sheepdogs would go out to the
wilderness: they were so fierce that no one dared
approach the sheep, {also: gurex (IFb/GF); kurix
(HoK 2 ); [gourikh] ^j^(JJ)!
[Ba 2 //IFb/GF//JJ//Hok 2 ] <dir; dirende; hov>
gurg .^^(M-Ak/SK/GF/OK/Bw) = wolf. See gut I.
gurgur (IF/JB3) = thunder. See gure-gur.
guri adj. 1 ) mangy, scabby, covered with scabs:
• •
•Deve guri bSwane (B) Mangy (or bald) camels
are unlucky [=bring bad luck]; 2 ) bald, balding,
hairless (IF/A/B): -guri bun (A/IF) to go bald;
-guri kirin (A/IF) to make bald, cause to lose
one’s hair; 3) barren, devoid of vegetation (land)
(IF), {also: [giri ^Jf/gouri ^f] (JJ)j Cf. Sor girwe
jjpjf = 'mangy, attacked by dry rot, honeycombed'
[F/K/A/IF/B/GF//JJ] <K’egelok>
gufin vi. (-guf-). 1 ) to thunder, roar; to make a
loud noise; 2) [f. ().] loud noise, crash, din, uproar,
rumbling. [MC-l/K/B/IF] <girmin>
gurm! interj. flop! bang!: •Beyrim li ser deve
gale §emiti, ew ji li gale ket H go: "Gurm!"
(L) B. slipped at the mouth of the pit, he too fell
into the pit and went [lit. 'said'] 'Plop!’ [L/K]
gurn (IFb) = testicles. See gun.
guron (-guro-) (M) = to skin. See gurandin.
gnro§ (EP-7) = small coin, penny. See qurd§.
gnrover (BK) = round. See girover.
gurti f (). 1 ) wolf-like habits; 2 ) ferocity. [K]
<gur I>
gurz I m. (-e; ). club, mace (weapon) ; -gurze
at’a§i (EP-7) torch: *Nav Cizire gurzed at’a§i
ba kirin (EP-7) They waved torches [lit. 'clubs of
fire’] throughout Jizir. {also: [gourz] JJ); <gurz>
jjf (HH)] (syn: cinil'i; hiwezil M. Schwartz: Skt
vajra- m./n. = 'Indra's thunderbolt, mace’; O Ir
*vazra-: Av vazra-; Old P *vaSra-; Mid P wer &
wazr(ag) = 'lightning(-bolt)'; (wazr—>*wizr—>*wurz-
->) P gorz }jf ->T giirz; Sor gurz - ’club with
pliant handle’ & gurze ojj^f = 'bundle'; Za gurz m. =
'mace' (Mai). See Haoma, p. 152, note 3; Calvert
Watkins. “The Name of Meleager,” in: O-o-pe-ro-si:
Festschrift fur Ernst Risch zuni 75. Geburtstag ,
hrgb. von Annemarie Etter (Berlin & N.Y.: Walter
de Gruyter, 1986), pp. [320]-328.
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/J)/HH/GF]
gurz II jjjf f.(K/Elk)/m.(B) (-a/ ; ). bundle, bale,
bouquet: *Gurza mezin xorim e (Elk) A large
228
G
bundle is a 'xorim'. [also: gurze (FJ); [gourz/gurs
(Rh)] j _jf (JJ); <gurz> j j? (HH)) Cf. Arm xowrc
hmpX = ’bouquet'; Sor gurze oj_^f = 'bundle'
[Elk/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ /FJ] <gi§e; xorim>
gurze (FJ) = bale. See gurz II.
guster (A) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
gustil f. (-a;-e). (finger)ring: *Ax gawa
gustilka Meme ji Zina qiza mir nedizi,
mine iro pe we gustilke Meme bistenda
(FK-eb-1, p.271) Oh! Had I only stolen Mem’s ring
from Zin, the mir’s daughter, I could have gotten
Mem today with it; -gustilka ni§ane (B)
engagement ring; -t’iliya gustile (B/Msr)/
-gustilke (B/IF)/~gustilkirine (K)/~hingliske
(IF) ring finger [syn: tiliya benav (K)}. [also: gistil
(K); gistilk; guster (A); gustilk ( A/JB3/IF-2/B) ; gustir
(Ad/SK); gustirk 1 (JBl-A); gustrik (Frq); hinglisk (IF-
2 ); hingustil (SW/JB3); hungilisk (Btm/Mzg);
[goustir ^j^/goustil^LJl (JJ); <gustil
J^f/hungustil 0 L(HH)) [syn: mor II[l];
p’ilat) Cf. P angostar Sor emust[ew]ile; Za
engi§tane m. (Todd); Hau enguseweie m. (M4)
[F/K/IFb/JJ/HH//A/JB3/B//Ad/SK//JBl-A//Frq//
SW//Btm/Mzg]
gustilk (A/JB3/IF/B) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
gustir Ad/SK) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
gustirk 1 JBl-A) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
gustrik (Frq) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
gu§pan (IFb) = thimble. See guzvan.
gutil Jjjf (TF) = clump, lump. See gumtil.
guva§tin vt. (-guve§-). to squeeze, press,
wring (the water/juice/life out of) : *Riwi ji
xefletwe dew hawet e stukira mari, girt o
gak giwi§i Ketta mar temam be-rofi kir o
ku§t (SK 2:16) The fox suddenly snapped at the
snake's neck, seized it and squeezed it hard until he
completely throttled the snake and killed it
• §erbike awi xali ina, tizbi giwi§i, aw je
hat (SK 12:121) They brought an empty water pot,
he squeezed his rosary and water came out of it.
[also: giva§tin (Ag/JB3/IFb-2/B); giwi§in (SK);
guvi§andin (IFb-2/GF-2); guv§andin (S&E/K/A);
[ghewachtin] ^j^iUf(JJ); <guva§tin
(diguve§e) > (HH)) Cf. P gavlstan J"/
kavlstan = 'to beat, pound'
[S&E/K/ A/ /IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/B K//JB 3/B/Ag//SK]
guvi§andin ^jjL^T(IFb/GF) = to squeeze, press. See
guva§tin.
guvij yJjf (Srk) = hawthorn. See gijok.
guv§andin vt (-guv§in-) (S&E/K/A) = to
squeeze, press. See guva§tin.
guwizan (A) = razor. See gUzan.
guzvan (IFb) = thimble. See guzvan.
gi \ ^in. (-ye/giwe; ). excrement, feces, shit:
•Bena gH teji xani bH (SK 28:257) The stench
of excrement filled the house •Sofi ‘Ebdullah
§ikak u muroet wi gelek li Wan§ [riini§tin]
... piwazek bo wan basil nebti. Gelek
pe§iman bun, gotin [sic], "Ewe gi gu bu me
xari!" (SK 48:511) Sofi Abdullah Shikak and his
men sat in Van for a long time ... but not an onion
did they get. They were most regretful, saying,
"What dung we have eaten!." [also: [gou/gaoul^T
(JJ); <gu> J? (HH)) [svn: destava stur) [Pok. gUou-
483.] ’(cow) dung; disgust, annoyance': Skt gutha-
m.\ O Ir *gQ0a- (A&L p.85 [VI, 3]): Av gu0a- n.;
Mid P guh (M3); P goh Sor guZa gi m.
(Todd); Hau gu in. (M4); cf. Arm ku (W: gu)
ljni./ko[y] ijnj; Rus govno roBHo . Possibly related
to the etymon for 'cow, ox'-see ga.
[M/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <destav; ritin;
sergo>
gubir - noxious insect. See gbbirk.
gubirk A (). insect that damages tomatoes in
kitchen gardens (le’tik). [also: gubir) [Msr]
gudari ^jlj^ffBg) = listening. See guhdari.
guf*ik f. (*ka; ). (small) tassel, fringe: -gtfk <1
qutas (Bw) tassels large and small, [also: gifik (Bw);
[ghifik <J^J?ghiwik A^J) (JJ)) [syn: gulik [2]; ri§i)
[Bw/JJ//IFb/OK] <qutas>
gugerin (IFb) = dung beetle. See gfigilerk.
gugerik A ^l^T(SK) = dung beetle. See gtlgil&rk.
gugilerk A JL / (). dung beetle, scarab, zool.
Scarabaeus: *Wexte wan tema§a kir gtigdrik
di-naw mewijanda biziwtin (SK 20:186)
When they looked the beetles were moving among
the raisins, [also: gogerin (A/IFb-2); gugerin (IFb-2);
gugerik (SK); gugirefk (IFb/OK))
[Zeb//IFb/OK//SK//A] <k’ezik>
gugirefk IFb/OK) = dung beetle. See
gugilerk.
guhu§k (Hk/Zeb/IFb/Hej) = hawthorn. See
gijok.
229
G
gule J^/CJBl-S) = bullet. See gule.
gfllik f ()• 1) asphodel (bot.); 2) shoemaker's
and bookbinder's paste or glue made of powdered
asphodel root {T giri§) (Wn/Bt/GF). (a./so:gulik
(Wn-2/Bt-2)) [Wn/Bt/IFb/GF] <soryas; §irez>
gultk (Wn/Bt) = shoemaker’s paste. See gftlik.
guman = suspicion; thought. See guman.
gtinik U [Bw] m. (• e; ). (factory made)
sack, {also: ginik (Bw-2); gun! (RZ)} {syn: gewal;
ferde; t’elis) [Bw/RZ//A/TF] <me§ok; t’er III>
gup (IF) = cheek. See gup.
ghsinc f (). oleaster, wild olive tree, Russian
olive, bot. Elaeagnus angustifolia [T igde agaci].
(syn; sine) [IFb/RF]
gu§e m. (OK) = sheaf. See gi§e.
gh§i m. (-ye; ). bunch, cluster (of grapes) :
•Wi§i& tiri li hindawe rSkan Ketta neziki
zistan§ dima. Kes nediw£ra dest biket e
(SK 51:554) Bunches of grapes would remain
(hanging) above the roads until nearly winter.
Nobody dared to touch them, [also: gwe§! (IFb-2);
gw!§! (IFb-2); hu§! (GF-2); u§! (JB3/IFb-2/GF-2/Bw);
w!§! (SK); [ouchi^jl/kouchi ^^/khouchi ^^-3
CJJ)} Cf. P xose Sor he§u Hau ho§e m.
(M4) [F/K/IFb/B/GF//JB3/JJ/Bw//SK] <mew; tiri>
gu§k (OK/AA) = hawthorn. See gijok.
gutar (A) = article, report. See gotar [3].
gtiz /j^T[Bw] f. (-a;-e). walnut, bot. Juglans:
•Diya min gend nan, du geng mewij, bist-
sih lib gwiz dixistin thrik^ Gulistane
(Alkan, 71) My mother would put some bread, two
handfuls of raisins, 20-30 walnuts into Gulistan's
bag; -dara gtiz£ (SK) walnut tree: •R!w! gti bin
dara gflze, ber§ xo da£, helina destexi§ka
kotir£ li ser giliya gflze ye (SK 3:23) The fox
went beneath a walnut tree, looked up at it and
saw that the nest of the pigeon's dear friend was on
a branch of the walnut tree, [also: gwiz; [gouz] jjT
CJJ); <guz> (HH)) < Ar jawz --> T ceviz, cf.
Heb egoz T13X; Mid P goz = ’walnut’ (M3);Sor
gwez [goz] Za goz f. (Todd); Hau wezi /. (M4)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/OK] <kakil>
guzan jlj ^m. (-e; gtizen, vi guzani). razor,
razor blade: *}i van peve hesir£n elemani
chzanen jilet ji kiri bhn nav kartolan (Rnh
1:11, p.195) In addition, the German prisoners put
[=hid] razor blades in potatoes •Sofi h£di hat e-
nik Kafiz, gftzanek di destida, hawet e kire
Kafiz, di binira bir! (SK :684) Sofi slowly
approached the hafiz with a razor in his hand,
which he struck at the hafiz’ penis, cutting it off at
the base. |aiso:cuzan (Rnh); gizan (IF-2); g[u]w!zan
(A); gwizan (KS); [gouzan jlj^?djuzan j1_>».] (JJ)1 Cf.
Sor gwezan [gozan] jljb5^[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
JB1-A/SK/GF/OK//A//Rnh]
guzek Jojjgf f (-a;-e). ankle; anklebone. [also: gizik
(IF); gozing (A); guzik (B§k); [gouzek-a link] J-J
ISj^(JJ); <gozek> (HH)) Cf. P quzak -Jjyj =
’ankle’ < quz = ’lump, protuberance’; Sor
gwezing [gozing, etc.] j^/gwezing
c^j^/gwezilik Za gozeke f. (Mai)
[F/K/B/JJ/Ks//IF//A//HH//B§k]
guzik Jj^f(B§k) = ankle. See ghzek.
guzvan f. (). thimble, [also: gu§pan (IFb-2);
guzvan (IFb)) Cf. P angostane ^olx^d)/ango§tvane
—> Ar kustuban =Sor emustiley
diruman [Msr//IFb]
gwe§i IFb) = bunch of grapes. See gh§i.
gwi§i (IFb) = bunch of grapes. See gfl§i.
•• ^
gwiz = walnut. See guz.
gwizan ^^^(A/KS) = razor. See gflzan.
gya Lf (SK) = grass. See giya.
230
f
%
H
4
ft
ha I La . 1) here (presentative) : -ha...ha =
now...now; whether...or: •Osib ha hevraz
nih£ri ha berjer (Ba) Joseph looked now up,
now down; 2) so, such: # Eva gi§k fene tene,
weki ha hate sere M. (Z-l) It is all your doing
[lit. your tricks'], that such a thing has happened to
M. [lit. 'has come to M.'s head 1 ]. [K/(A)] <wiha>
ha II La (BX) = this; that. See han.
hac^-lA (A/IF) = pilgrimage (to Mecca). See Kec.
hacet o^Ia m.(BK)/f(K/B/F) (-e/; hecet [BK]/-e
[B]). 1) {syn: Kewce) necessity, need, requirement
(K/IF); 2) tool, instrument, equipment
(BK/K/IF/B/JJ): # Ewi icar hacete xwe freqet
derxist ser§ Iskender kur kir (EH) Then he
calmly took out his equipment and shaved
Iskender’s head, {also: [hadjet haidjet
(JJ)} < Ar hajah = 'necessity; thing'
[BK/F/K/IF/JJ/B] <gerek; lazim; pewist>
haci ^La (A/IF/GF) = pilgrim to Mecca. See heci.
hacire§k ^o-Ia (JB3/IF/TF/OK) = stork; swallow.
See Kacire§k.
hafir ^$La, m. (Bw) = trough. See afir.
hafizyilA = Koran reciter; blind. See Kafiz.
haftye ^c^La (JBl-S) = seventh. See Kefta.
haga ISti (M-Ak/SK) = awareness; information. See
hay I.
haj jLa, m. (K/B/JJ/JBl-A) = awareness; information.
See hay I.
hajotin qJ^jIa (M/Bw) = to drive (a horse or car) . See
ajotin.
hal JLa (IFb/TF/OK) = condition, state. See Hal.
halan j^tA m. Q. encouragement: *Halan di hev
dan (BX) They gave each other encouragement.
[BX/K/IF]
halet o«JL a m./f.(OK) (). plough/plow: *Halet ft
gisinan li pey xwe xwe§ dike§in (AB) They
pull the plow and plowshares behind themselves
well (said of oxen) . [syn: cot [2]; k’otan) < T
alet = 'instrument' < Ar alah *J1; cf. Turoyo ale =
'plow; instrument'; Za fialeti f (Todd) According
to IFb, this word is used in the Tur ‘Abdin (Tori)
region of Mardin [DS/AB/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
<gisin; hincar; k’elan; mijane; nir I; sermijank;
xenike; xep>
Halku§ta L^sJLa = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
Jb
han ^La adj. 1) this, that (indeclinable emphatic dem.
which follows the ezafeh form of the noun. In
certain regions, such as Ad, Krg, Bg, ha[n]
contracts with preceding noun, e.g., ev mir-a (BX)
this man; ev jinik-a (BX) this woman, cf Sor em
pyaw-e = This man) : # (Ev) giyay§n ha[n] (BX)
These mountains here # (Ew) jinika ha[n] (BX)
That woman there »(Ew) mirovd ha[n] (BX)
That man there »Ev erde han e gele Kurd e H
be wan kes te de runane (BX) This land
belongs to the Kurdish people, and besides them
nobody lives on it »Ev pira hana diya w!
hflte go ... ye (L) That old lady there is the
mother of the monster who... # Ew§ k 5 it§b§
neyine, k’iteba han bine (Ks) Don't bring that
book, bring that book over there # [Ne] ew xort
hat, xort§ han hat (K2) It's not that young man
who came, that one over there came »Tue w§
gola hana dibini? (L) Do you see that desert
there? »Ya Beyrim, ev zilam£ hana bav§
min e! (L) Hey B., that man there is my father!: -
ye han = this one: »Ya han hat male (K2) That
one (f.) came home »Ye han gh gund (K2) This
one went to the village »Y§d han rind dilizin
(K2) These (ones) play well, {also: ha II (BX); hana
(L); hane (IF/B-2); he (BX); [han jLA/hani ^La] (JJ)}
[syn: ev; ew) [L//BX/K/B/JJ//IF]
hana LLa (L) = this; that. See han.
hane ^jLa (IF/B) = this; that. See han.
• •
hanin ^-oLa (Ba3) = to bring. See anin.
haqa ULa (B) = so much. See haqas.
haqas ^ULa adv. so much: •(Jima ez nagihim te,
ez haqas dibezim? (Dz) Why don't (=can’t) I
catch up with you? I'm running so fast [lit. 'so
much'] ‘Heqas wext tu li k’u bilyi? (B) Where
have you been all this time? [also: aqas; ewqas;
ewqeys[e]; haqa (B-2); heqa[s] (B); hewqas) (syn;
hinde (MK); ewqedr (JB3)) [Dz/F/K/B] <qas>
har jLa adj . rabid, mad; furious: -har ft din (HM)
totally mad. { also: [har] jLa (JJ)} [Pok. 3. al- 27] 'to
wander/roam about aimlessly; also, to be
emotionally lost'; Gr ele6sT)/*ue6£ = ’bewildered,
dumbfounded'; Latv al’a = 'half-crazed person'.
Also Ir words for madness, e.g., Sgd ”r’k [are] =
'crazy, mad'; Pahl halag = 'foolish, imprudent 1
231
(M3); Ossetic serrae (Abaev); P har jIa = ’wild,
rabid’; Sor har jIa = ’mad, rabid’; Za har (Todd)—
see alin; Hau har (M4) (harayi; harbun; hart; harti)
[HM/K/A/IF/B/JJ] <fieg’>
harayi jIa (B) = fury; rabies. See hari.
harbun c j s ^ J lA (B) = fury; rabies. See hari.
hari ^Ia f. (). 1) madness; fury; 2) rabies, [also:
harayi (B); harbun (B); harti (K/B)) [K/JB3/JJ//B]
<har>
harik’ari ^jIC-jIa (JBl-A) = help. See arik’ari.
Harkogte a^S^Ia = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
Harkugta U~*C,Ia = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
harsem ^jIa (K) = unripe grapes; grape cluster. See
harsim.
harsim ^jIa m. (). 1) {symbesire; cur I; *§ilur (IF)}
unripe and sour grapes (BX/IF/JJ) [T koruk, Ar
hisrim P yure ojj*]: # Bav harsim dixwe,
dranen kur disekihin (BX) The father eats sour
grapes, and the son’s teeth are set on edge [prv.]; 2}
[syn: gu§i) cluster, bunch (of grapes) (K). [also:
harsem (K); [harsem] (JJ)} < Ar hisrim
= ’unripe & sour grapes’ [BX/IF/JJ/K] <kerik I;
sekihin; tiri>
harti ^jIa (K/B) = fury; rabies. See hari.
has§ £^Ia = caught, stuck; inaccessible; rebellious. See
as§.
hasil J^Ia f. (-a;-e). l) product; result: -hasil bftn =
a) to be produced, to result (SK); b) to work out
(vi.), turn out all right (Bw): *Ew pareyet te
diviyan hasil bftn? (Bw) Did you get the money
you wanted (i.e., did it come through)?; -hasil
kirin = a) to get, procure, obtain, acquire (JJ/Bw);
to succeed in getting (Bw): *Min telefona Zaxo
hasil kir (Bw) I succeeded in getting through to
Zakho by phone; b) to produce (SK/JJ); 2) fsyn:
deramet I; dexl u dan; zad} produce; crop, harvest;
3) income; 4) (mathematical) difference, remainder
(B): *hasila du reqema (B) a difference of two
(numbers), [also: hasil (JBl-S/SK/OK); [hasil]
(JJ)} <Ar hasil = ’result, income, crop,
storehouse, main content' < Vh-s-1 0 Ui^ = 'to arise,
come about; to result, happen, occur; to be
produced’ [Bw/K/IFb/B//JJ/JBl-S/SK/OK] <encam>
hatin ^j-Ia vi. ([t]e-/-he- [Bw]; neg. na[y]e-/ne-
[Ad]/nahe- [Bw]; subj. b§-/bihe- [Bw]; imp.
were). 1) [syn: werin) to come: •Qi bi te
hatiye? (L) What has happened to you? What has
come over you?; -hatin dinya@ (K) to be born;
-ji [deste] fk-e hatin (K) to succeed: »Ew §ixul
ji dest§ min nay§ (K) This [matter] is not in my
power *T’u ti§t ji deste min ne dihat (K) I
couldn’t do anything about it *0 Keta ji we t§,
xwe bi mi gihine (Z-2) If you succeed in
overtaking me...; -li hev hatin = to agree [se
mettre d’accord]; -pey hatin = to follow: # Pey
wi hatin (BX) They followed him; -ser hatin =
to befall, happen to s.o.: *Bira sond xar, ku
ti§tek sere Osib nae (Ba) The brothers swore
that nothing would happen to Joseph «Ci zirar
hatye sere Osib ji deste biraye (Ba) Any
harm that has befallen Joseph is from his brothers'
hands (=is his brothers’ fault/doing) *WekI ti§tek
be sere wi, zanibin, eze we gi§ka qir kim
(Ba) If anything happens to him, know that I will
kill you all; 2) to blow (of wind) : *Ba te (AB) The
wind blows, [also: [hatin] ^Ia (JJ); chatin ^La (te)
C (j)> (HH)} Sor hatin qjIa ([dj-e-); Za yena ( past :
ame) (Todd) [BX/F/K/A/JB3/B/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/M]
<an!n; gftn>
hatin-gftyin ^‘Ia (K) = traffic; relations. See
hatin ft gftn.
hatin ft gftn 3 qjIa f (-a;-e). traffic; contact,
intercourse, relations: •Dibejin di nihalekida
riwiek hebft. ... bazeberek hebft, riwi le
derbaz dibft her wextS fiez kiriba. ...
Marek ji di we nihaleda hebft. Nedi§ya
li bazeberi derbaz bibit. Zor Kez dikir
ew ji weki riwi hat-u-gone biket, gu gare
nedit (SK 2:9) They say that there was a fox
(living) in a ravine. ... There were stepping-stones
and the fox crossed over whenever he liked. ...
There was also a snake in that ravine. He could
not cross over the stepping-stones. He very much
wanted to come and go like the fox, but could
see no solution *Ez qebul nakem muroet te
hat-u-gona wan gundane biken (SK 41:389)
I will not permit your men to come and go among
these villages *Hatin u guyin ort’a wan
gundada t’une (B) There is no contact between
those villages, [also: hatin-guyin (K); hatin ft
guyin (B); hat-u-gon (SK); hatugftn (A)} Sor
hat-u-go oIa = 'coming and going, social
intercourse’ [GF/SS//B//K//A//SK] <peywendi;
t’ekili>
hatin ft gftyin qjIa (B) = traffic; relations. See
hatin ft gftn.
232
hat-u-gon (SK) = traffic; relations. See hatin u
gftn.
hatugun La (A) = traffic; relations. See hatin h
gun.
haveyn (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = leaven, yeast. See
h§ven.
haven jt (K/GF) = leaven, yeast. See heven.
havetin (M/Bw) = to throw. See avetin.
liavin qsIa ( ; hevin/haven) (B) = leaven, yeast. See
1 JK A
heven.
havi -havibhn ( j 33 J C5 stA 1) [vi.] to detach o.s.
(of a sheep from the flock); to dissociate o.s.,
isolate o.s., withdraw, retire, secede: •Heke
pezek xo ji kere pezi bidete pa§, d§ b§jin
'Ev peze yan ev mihe ya havi buy'~ya xo
ji kere pezi hemi daye pa§ (editor of
Havibun) If a sheep detaches itself from the flock,
they will say This sheep or this ewe has become
havi'— it lias dissociated itself from the whole flock;
2) [f. (-a;-e).] detachment, isolation, separation
[Germ Entfremdung]: *§6161 ek e ji §ewet
sereki yet havibune (Peyv 3[1996], 38)
Paralysis is one of the main types of isolation: 3)
name of a journal published in Berlin (1997-).
[Havibun/Peyv/IFb] <xwe dane pa$>
havin qJ La /. (-a;-e). summer, [also: hawin (SK);
[hawin] q-J'U (JJ); <havin> (jAdt (HH)1 [Pok. 3
sem- [gen. s e m-os) 905.] summer’: Skt sama f. -
'[halflyear. season'; Av ham-/hamina- (M, v.l, p.
220); Sgd “myny /ameine/ (A&L p. 94 [XVII]);
Mid P hSmln; Pashto manai; P hamen Sor
hawin Za amnan m. (Mai); Hau hamin in.
(M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//SK]
havitin = to throw. See avetin.
havlek (Mzg) = broom. See avl§k.
havlek dlls Lb (IF/IFb) = broom. See avlek.
havlik JJj'La (Krg) = broom. See avl§k.
hawa IjLfc (L) = manner, style. See awa.
hawar JjLb f. (-a;-e). 1) call or cry for help, SOS:
-bi hawara fkl ghn (IF) to come to the rescue;
-hawar kirin = to call or cry for help: *Ez niha
bikim hawar, we bav§ min be te bikuje (L)
[If] I cry for help now, my father will come kill
you; 2) name of a Kurdish journal published in
Syria during the 1930s & 1940s . I also: he war
(K/A-2/B); hewari (B-2); [hevar] J ya (JJ)) Sor hawar
Hau hawar in. (M4) [L/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
hawid (IFb/GF/[FJ]) = camel's hump or saddle.
See Kawid.
hawin (yjj* (SK) = summer. See havin.
hay I f./m.(JBl-A/K-2) (-a/; ). 1) awareness;
€ m
consciousness (JB3); news, tidings (JBl-A);
knowledge, (possession of) information: -haj [p§]
hebun (B)/hay [je] bun (JB3/IF)/hay j§ hebun
(Msr)/haga le bhn (M-Ak): a) to be informed, be
in the know, find out about; to be conscious,
aware (of) ( syn: pe hesin): «Bi hevra dileyizin
u haya wan ji ti§teki t’inine (Z-2) They play
together and are unaware of anything else •BJ1
se'et ne, hind haga le bu teqenek hat (M-Ak
#663, p.300) It turned nine o’clock, then he
became aware of a knocking «Gava risme min
ki§and, haya min j§ tunebu (Msr) When they
took my picture, I was not aware of it •!_§
Qeret’ajdin haj hunure Meme heye (Z-l)
But Q. finds out (knows) about M.’s skill (or
bravery) *Zike t’er haj zike birgi t’une
(K)/Zike t’er haj e birgi t’ineye (Dz-#1632) A
full stomach doesn't understand a hungry one
[prv.J •Zine hema roja ’ewlinda haj hatina
Meme delal hebu (Z-l) Zin found out
immediately on the first day about dandy Mem’s
arrival; b) to look after, take care of, be attentive to
(Msr/B): *Tu hay ji male hebi (Msr) You take
good care of the house (in my absence); -haj xwe
hebtin (K) [=hay ji xwe hebhn] do.: «Haj
Ki§e xwe ninbft (Z-l) He had lost sight of
himself •Mix se cara Meme bir, gimki Euba
Zine usa Meme biribft, Meme delal haj
xwe t’unebh (Z-l) The prince beat Mem three
times [at chess), because love of Zin had made
Mem lose sight of himself (=forget himself) «Ro
hatye, nivro, ew he haj xwe t’uneye (Dz)
Day has dawned, noon has passed, she still hasn't
budged/woken up; 2) [adj.] conscious, aware,
informed (JBl-A). [also: haga (M-Ak/SK); haj,m.
(K-2/JB1-A); [haj jW haij (JJ)} The form haga
(M-Ak & SK) suggests that it is a metathesis of
agah, and that hay is a shortened form of haga.
haj = hay + ji; Hau hay m. (M4) [Z-1/B/JJ/JB1-A//
Msr/K/JB3/IF//M-Am/SK]
hay II: hay kirin (RZ) = to expel. See hey:
-hey kirin.
hazir jjU (K/IFb/B/GF) = ready. See Eazir.
233
hazirayi ^QjIa f. Q. readiness, {also: haziri (K)}
[B//K] <tiazir>
haziri ^jIa (K) = readiness. See hazirayi.
he ojt (BX) = this; that. See han.
heban f. (-a;-e). sack made of treated
sheepskin, used for provisions (K/A/IF); haversack
(JJ); sack made of an entire bleached skin (JJ);
leather container (B): •Derwi§ dizane li
hebana derwi§ gi heye (L) The dervish knows
what is in the dervish’s sack [prv.]. {also: hevan
(B/EP-4/EP-8); [heban qL a/ enban/omban/umban
0^1]} < * ham-pan a-: Baluchi aphan = 'leather bag
for flour'; P anban jlpl/hanban Sor
hem[b]ane = 'bleached skin bag (used for
storing grain)’. See 5. aphfin in: G. Morgenstierne.
“Notes on Balochi Etymology,” Norsk Tidsskrift
for Sprogvidenskap, 5 (1932), 40, reprinted in:
Irano-Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, 1973), p. 151. [K/A/IF/JJ//B/EP-4]
<’eyar§irk; k’unk; me§k>
hebandin ^jjLaa (JB3/IF) = to love. See tiebandin.
hebon /^ a (M/SK) = to exist. See hebftn.
hebs ^ a (JB3/IF) = prison. See liebs.
hebftn a vi. (heye, pi . hene). 1) to be, to
exist: •heye = there is »hene = there are •hebft
= there was; -Hebftye t’u nebftye/Hebft nebft
= Once upon a time [lit. 'There was, there wasn't’]:
•Hebftye t’u nebftye, xenci xwede kes t’u
nebftye (Ks) do. [lit. 'There was, there wasn't,
besides God there was no one’]; 2) [+ oblique case
for logical subject (in Southern dialects); + ezafeh
construction added to thing possessed (in Northern
dialects)] to have: •Min xft§kek heye (or, ya
hey) (Southern = M/SK/Bw/Zeb/Dh/Hk/Elk) =
Xft§keke min heye (Northern) I have a sister.
{also: hebon (M/SK); [he-bun /hein ^a] (JJ)}
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/GF/TF//M/SK] <bun>
hec^-A (IF) = pilgrimage (to Mecca). See Kec.
hecac £-L.a f. Q. cloud; stormcloud: •Neri go toz
ft hecac ji beriy§ hilte (L) He was dust and
cloud (=a cloud of dust) come up from the plain.
{syn: ewr; p’elte; t’elpj [L/K]
hecet o <o-a (SK) = grounds, excuse. See h§ncet.
hechecik (IF) = swallow (bird) . See
KacKacik.
hechecik (A) = swallow (bird) . See
fiacKacik.
hechegoq (jga.A^a.A (JB3/OK) = swallow (bird) . See
KacKacik.
heci ^aa (IF) = pilgrim to Mecca. See Keel.
»»
hecr a (K) = separation; reason; insult. See hecran.
*hecran q) >>a f. (-a; ). 1) separation, parting (K);
2) agent, factor, reason, cause (IF): •Hecrana
xewna min giye? (Z-2) What is the reason for
my dream? •Hecrana te ji giye? (Z-2) ; 3)
insult, offense (K); 4) calamity, disaster (IF), {also:
hecr (K); hicran (K/IF); Hecran (Z-2)) < Ar hijran
^*a = 'separation, abandonment 1 [Z-2//K/IF]
hegik J^a (Qzl) = ring, hook. See hegi I.
hegi I a f./m.(Qzl) ( /-ye; ). wooden ring or
• •
hook through which a rope passes in fastening a
load onto a pack saddle or the like: -Hegiye wi
qeli§iye (Qzl) "His hook is cracked," i.e., he has
such a bad reputation that whatever he does will
be seen in a bad light, {also: egi (Srk); hegik (Qzl-
2); [hetchik «LLpA/hetchou_^A] (JJ)}
[Mzg/A/IFb/GF/Qzl//JJ//Srk] <k’urtan; oik I>
hegi II ^ a (IF) = each; as for. See hergi.
hed ja (JB3/IF) = border. See Ked.
hedad j)ja = blacksmith. See Kedad.
hedan ^Ija f. (-a; ). 1) patience, endurance,
composure (K); 2) rest, calm (Msr/HH): »Hedana
min naye (Msr) I can’t sit still; -sekin ft hedan
(Msr) do. See under sekin. {also: hedan (K);
<hedar> J ja (HH)} Cf. Ar hadi’ ^jLa = 'calm (adjj
[Msr//K//HH[
hedar j)ja (HH) = patience; rest, calm. See hedan.
hefik JiA (IFb) = throat; pharynx. See Kefik.
hefsar jLja (JBl-A&S) = halter; reins. See hevsar.
hefsed a (IFb) = seven hundred. See heftsed.
heft oi<A (A/IFb/OK) = seven. See Heft.
heftan jbiA (IF) = seventh. See Kefta.
heftdeh aoa^3 a (IF) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
hefte aa (A/JB3/IFb/TF/OK) = week. See Kefte I.
heftem ^aa (A/IF) = seventh. See Kefta.
heftemin aa (IF) = seventh. See Kefta.
hefte a (A/IFb/TF/OK) = seventy. See Kefte II.
heftik cths<A (GF) = a children's game. See heftok.
hefti I ^ a (JB3/IFb) = seventy. See KeftS II.
•*
hefti II (JA** (IF/JJ) = seventh. See Kefta.
heftok Jj^iA pi. (). children's game played with
stones or tiles [cf. T be§ta§]: *Me bi heftoka
dilist (Alkan, 71) We played heftok. {also: heftik
234
(GF-2); <heftok> (Hej)} [Alkan/A/GF/Hej]
<nehberk>
heftsed j num. seven hundred, 700. {also:
hefsed (IFb-2); hevsid (B); fievtsed (K); Kewt-sed
(SK)} Av hapta sata; P haft sad ooia; Sor
hewtsed [IFb//K//SK//B]
heger jof+A (JBl-S) = if. See eger I.
hej (A) = movement. See Kej I.
hejan (GF) = to tremble. See Kejin.
hejandin (A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK) = to
shake. See hejandin.
hejde (SK) = eighteen. See Kijdeh.
hejdeh AojJ aj* (A/IFb/JJ) = eighteen. See fiijdeh.
hejik JjAjfc (JBl-A/GF/TF/HH/Zeb) = twigs. See Kejik.
hejtn (A/IFb/TF/AD) = to tremble. See Kejin.
hejir f. (-a;-e). 1) fig. bot. Ficus : •Adeten
bav il bapiran, kerik xwe§tir in ji hejiran
(BX) [If] the customs of the ancestors [will it],
unripe figs are better than ripe ones / prv.[ ; 2) fig
tree, [also: hejir (HB/BX/IFb-2/B/Kmc-2); hijir
(Bw/SK); hijirk 7 (JBl-A); hujir (AA); [hejir] (JJ);
<hejir> ^yt> (HH)) <0 Ir *anaci8ra- in reference to
erroneous view that the fig did not flower (Laufer
411): Southern Tati dialects: Ebrahim-abadi
anjila-dara f = 'fig tree' (Yar-Shater); P anjlr^*d
~>T incir —> Rus inzir HH>KHp ; Sor hencir
Za encil m./incili f (Mai); Hau henjir
[HB/BX/B/Kmc-2//F/K/A/JB3/IFb/JI/HH/GF/OK//
Bw/SK//JB1-A//AA] <kerik I; kitik I>
hejmar f (-a;-e). 1) number; numeral; 2) issue
(of a journal) : »Ev berhevoka deste we, ji
hemil hejmaren kovara “Ronahi” pek
hatiye (Ronahi- intro) This collection that [you
are holding] in your hands consists of all the issues
of the journal “Ronahi.” [also: hejmar (Ber);
Kej[i]mar (B); jimar (F/K-2/B); jimare (1F-2); jmar
(IF-2); [ejmar jLjl/ jimar jLj / hijmar jGjjb] (JJ)} Cf.
P somare ojL-i; Sor jimare ojLj/hejmar jLjdjfc
[Ber//K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//F/B) <hejmartin>
hejmarin jjLj’du* (SK) = to count. See hejmartin.
hejmartin vt. (-hejmer-/-jmer-[IF[).
1) to count, reckon: •Jimirin yek-yek
minarane (Z-l) They counted the minarets one
by one; 2) to consider, deem, regard (as), [also:
hejmarin (SK); hemjartin (Mzg); hejmartin (IF-2);
hijmartin (M/OK-2); jimartin (-jimir-) (F/K-2/B/IF-
2) ; jmartin; jimirin (K-2); [ejmartin jLjl/
jimartin ^jLj/hejmartin (JJ)} O Ir
*uz/us- + *hmar- (Tsb 42): Av [hi3]maraiti = ’he
notices’; P somordan (-somar-) O«*0 = 'to
count’; Sor jimardin j j jLj (-jimer-); Za omorena
[omordi§ (Todd)/omanti§ & homariti§ &
umardi§/umariti§ (Mal)J & amorena [amordi§] (Srk);
*hmar-: [Pok. (s)mer- 969.] ’to remember, recall,
care for’: Skt smar- = ’to remember’
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/TF/OK//F/B/JJ//M] <Hejmar>
hek Jdufc = if. See eger I.
heke oSaa (OK)/hek’e (JBl-A&S) = if. See eger I.
hek’er (JBl-S) ~ if. See eger I.
hekim (IFb) = doctor. See Kekim.
hekini adj. conditional (gram.): -raweya
• •
hekini (IF/GF) conditional mood. (syn: gerini}
<hek (=eger) = ’if + -ini = adjectival ending
[(neol)IF/GF] <eger I>
hek’o (J Bl-A) = if. See eger I.
hela I 'iojh inter j. Come on!, C’mon! (particle used
with imperatives) : »Hela rave (Z-1)/Hela rave
were (Z-l) [Come on and] get up! •Hela
binhere (Z-1)/Hela here binhefe (Z-l)
Come/go look, [also: hila I) Cf. T hele [Z-l/K/IF/B]
<de I>
hela II (F/K/B) = (not) yet. See hila II.
helal (IF) = religiously permissible. See Kelal.
helalok (Dh/OK) - cornelian cherry. See
helhelok.
helaluk (IFb) = cornelian cherry. See
helhelok.
helan (IFb) = boulder. See Kelan.
helanin (L/JBl-A) = to remove, pick up; to
save. See hilanin.
helatin (IFb) = to rise (sun). See hilhatin.
helaw/V** (IFb) = halvah. See helva.
helawistin (SK) = to hang up. See
hilawistin.
helbest o— f (-a;-e). poem [cf. Ar qasldah
• HelbestSn Cegerxwin ji bill yfin ku
nehatine gapkirin, di 8 diwanan de,
hatine berhevkirin (Wit 1:36, p.16)
Jegerkhwin’s poems, excepting those that have not
been printed, have been collected in eight diwans.
Y
| syn: hozan I; §er II] Sor helbest = ’verse’
[K(s)/A/JB3/IF]
helbestvan m. (-§; ). poet, [syn: *biwej;
hozanvan; §ayir) [Ber/IF]
helbet adv. 1) certainly, of course (K/F/JJ);
-qey elbet (K) undoubtedly, doubtless; 2) {syn:
235
'ese; miqim (F); mitleq (F); teqez) absolutely,
without fail (A/IFb/JJ). {also: elbet (K- 2 /IFb- 2 );
Kelbet (B- 2 ); Kilbet (EP-7); [albette /helbet
c~1a] (JJ)} < Ar al-battah (al-battata) ^LJI
[EP-7//F/K/ A/IFb/JJ/B]
helbijartin (IFb/TF) = to elect. See
hilbijartin.
helbirin ^ (IFb) = to lift. See hilbirin.
heldan (Bar/IFb) = to raise, lift. See hildan.
helemor f. (-a; ). ashes with embers in
them, glowing ash(es). [also: xelamur, m. (GF);
Y
<helemur> jy**Sojb (Hej)| = Sor jilemo =
'glowing ash’ [Zeb/Hej//GF] <ant’ex; bizot; xweli>
helengiftin (hel-engiv-) (M) = to stumble. See
hilingiftin.
helez j<J ojt (GF) = alfalfa. See heliz.
helgirtin (js (IFb) = to lift; to load. See hilgirtin.
helgin m. (). bucket, pail, {syn: dewl I; 'elb;
sitil) Cf. T helgin [Haruniye *Bahge-Adana] &
helke, halke, etc. = 'type of pail, generally made of
copper, larger than a bakrag [copper bucket], used
for holding water, milk, and the like 1 [su, slit vb.
§eyleri koymaya yarayan, gogunlukla bakirdan
yapilan, bakragtan biiyiik bir gegit kova] (DS, v. 7,
p. 2334-35) [Kr§]
helhelok f. ( ;-e). cornelian cherry, bot.
Cornus mas [T kizilcik]. I also: helalok (Db- 2 /OK);
helaluk (IFb); <hilhilok> (HH)j [Dh/Kmc-7/
TF/CB//OK//IFb//HH]
helisandin jjjU^ (IF/GF) = to scratch; to crush. See
heri§andin.
helisin oj* vi. (-helis-). to rot, go bad (of fruit):
•Ji kerema xwe re dest§ xwe pirr nede
tiriyan we bihellisin! (LM, p.30) Please don't
touch the grapes, they'll rot. {also: hellisin (LM)|
{syn: fizin) [LM//IFb/TF]
heliyan (JB3/IFb) = to melt; to thaw. See fielin.
heliz jjcufc f (-a; ). plant that grows in cold places
such as mountainsides, fed to livestock; lucerne,
alfalfa? {also: helez (GF-2); heliz (TF); [heliz] yJjt
(JJ); <heliz> (HH)} Sor helis = ’hay'
(WE/K2); heliz = 'lucerne' (Hej: wence)
[Bw/A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ/TF] <rizyane>
heli I lJoJ* (Bg) = mirror. See heli.
-heli it (GF) = step-, pseudo-. See -Hili I.
helin (IFb) = to melt; to thaw. See Kelin.
hel inan (SK) = to remove, pick up; to save.
See hilanin.
helir^J^jfc (IFb) = confection of boiled grape juice. See
Kelil.
heliz (TF/JJ) = alfalfa. See heliz.
helkirin (IFb/JBl-A/M) = to lift; to ignite. See
hilkirin.
helkigandin (IFb) = to pull up; to pull out.
See hilk’igandin.
helkigiyan (IFb) = to climb. See hilk’igin.
helkigin (IFb) = to climb. See hilk’igin.
hellisin (LM) = to rot. See helisin.
helm (IFb) = steam; breath. See hilm.
helgin (IFb) = to be destroyed. See hilwegin.
helva LaJ ojt f. (). halvah (sweet made of ground
sesame and caramel) : *Helva ji §irez£ genabe
(BX) Halvah is not made of resin [prv.[ {also:
helaw (IFb); helwa (IFb-2); lielwe (K-2); helaw. f.
(K/GF); helwe, f. (B); Kewle (K-2); [heoulaN*^/
helaouj^-] (JJ); <lielaw> (HH))
[BX//K/JJ/HH/GF//B//IFb] <xebus>
helwa cufe (IFb) = halvah. See helva.
helwe q*Jcu& (K) = halvah. See helva.
helwest f. (-a; ). attitude, approach: *Di
begdari ft perwendehiya jinan de helwesta
PKK’e gawa ye? (Wit 1:36, p.16) Wbat is the
PKK’s attitude about the participation and training
of women? »Ev helwest nahele ku HEP bibe
xwedi gexsiyet (Wit 1:43) This attitude does not
allow HEP to have a personality of its own *Her
wiha helwesta Tirkiyeye ya nijadperest
derkete ber gave gele cihane (AW69C1)
Likewise, Turkey’s racist attitude has been noticed
Y
by the peoples of the world. Sor helwest 0^03
[(neol)Wlt/AW/Hej]
hema adv. 1 ) immediately, soon: •Hema zaro
gftre xwe avet ser dftve mari, dftv§ mari
peritand (KH, p.34) The child immediately
swung his sword at the snake's tail, and severed the
snake’s tail »§er ji ve p’arkirine p’ir xeyidi
hema Tabu ser xwe ft lepek li nav g’ave
gur da (Dz) The lion was furious at this division
[of the spoils]; he immediately jumped up and
struck the wolf between the eyes with his pawr
•Zine hema roja 'ewlinda haj hatina Meme
delal hebft (Z-l) Zin found out immediately on
the first day about dandy Mem's arrival; 2) [conj.]
but rather: *Qet mege nav Cizire, hema min
hilde ft ji vir bive (EP-7) Don't go to Jazirah,
but rather take me away from here; 3) the very one
236
H
(B): *Eva hema ew k’itebe, ya ku ez le
digerim (B) That is the very book that I am
looking for. [also: heman; [hema La/ heman <jLa]
(JJ)} Cf. P haman ^La; T hemen [Dz/BX/K/jB3/rF/B]
hemam ^Laa (JB3/IFb/0K) = bathhouse. See Kemam.
hemamgi ^^L^a (OK) = bathhouse attendant. See
Kemamgi.
hemamig ^j^L^a (L) = hathing. See Kemami§.
heman jL^A = immediately; rather. See hema.
hembere (K) = vis-a-vis; compared to. See
himberi.
hemberi ^^oa (JB3/IF) = vis-a-vis; compared to. See
himberi.
hembiz j^*va adj. 1) { syn : hurl tight (of stitches)
(Zeb): -dirwara hembiz (Zeb) tight stitch; 2)
dense, thick (of hair or vegetation) (HH/GF):
•pore wi ye re§ ft xwe§ik ft himbiz (SH 6)
his black, beautiful, thick hair. | also: himbiz (GF);
<himbiz> >~a (HH); <himbiz> >^a (Hej)l
[Zeb//HH/GF/Hej]
hemdem adj. modern, contemporary:
•Hergiqas av ji bo hemft jindaran
gavkaniyeke bingehin be ji, iro di deste
miroven “hemdem” de wek pergaleke ji
hole rakirina berhemen diroke te bi kar
anin (Wit 1:21. p.16) Although water is a basic
resource for all living things, today it is being used
bv "modern" man as an instrument for destroying
historical artifacts, [also: hevdem (GF/TF)) [syn:
nujen) <P ham ^a = 'same' + dem = 'time'
[(neol)Wlt/K(s)/IFb//GF/TF]
hemez (KS) = embrace. See hemez.
hemi ^ca (A/JB3/IFb/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/OK) = all. See
fiemft.
*hemin adj. 1) (It’s) all the same, (makes) no
difference; 2) ]adv.] just now; from now on (IF); 3)
already; yet (IF); 4) indeed, as a matter of fact, you
know: *Qiza qenc, hemini ez kure
p’ad§eme, tu ji qiza p’ad§§yi (EH) Fair
maiden, just as I am the son of a king, so are you
the daughter of a king *Weki M. k’e nestine,
hemin we min bistine (EP-7) If M. marries
anyone, it must be me; 5) insofar as, since, as long
as (K/B): •Hemin tu digi, kure min ji xwera
bibe (B) Since you're going anyway, take my son
along with you. [also: hemini (EH)(
[EP-7/K/JB3/IF/B]
hemjartin qj jV>«a (Mzg) = to count. See hejmartin.
hempar jL*<a (K) - companion; partner. See hevp’ar.
hemu^cA (IFb/JBl-S/GF/OK) = all. See Kemft.
hemwelat oNo**«a (K) = compatriot. See hemwelati.
hemwelati <a m. (). compatriot, fellow
• •
countryman: *Ez bi hemwelatiy§n xwe re li
ser v§ axivim (Wit 1:37, p.16) I discussed this
matter with my compatriots, [also: hemwelat (K)}
[(neol)Wlt//K]
hencandin jjjL^aA (IFb) = to cut into small pieces. See
hincinin.
*hence <^<a (). joint (anat.) . [syn: movik [1]) [IF]
<geh I>
hene (OK) = henna. See Kene.
henek -J*j<a (A/JB3/IF/JJ) = joke. See Kenek.
henekoyi <a (TF) = comedian. See henekvan.
• •
henekvan jlaSlu <a m. (). comedian, jokester, joke
teller: *Kesen ku di nav civat§n me Kurdan
de henekan dikin an ji pekenokan
dibejin, ew 'henekvan' in (CP, p.6) People
who crack jokes or tell humorous anecdotes at the
gatherings of us Kurds are 'comedians', [also:
henekoyi (TF); henekbaz (K); Kenekgi (K/B/GF);
Kenekdar (B); Kenekok (K); [hanakchi] a (JJ)}
[CP/IFb/AD] <qe§mer>
heni ^aa (Krg) = forehead. See 'eni.
• •
hepik Jo <a m. (). metal comb for tightening the
threads and beating down the woven fabric on a
loom, [also: <hepik> Xa (HH); <hepik> Jj*&
(Hej)l [Bw/Zx/IFb/HH/GF/OK/Hej] <bef§; pijik I;
Pevn>
heq jaa m. (-§; ). 1) [syn: destftr [2]; bed [2]; maf)
right (as in 'inalienable rights') ; 2) truth; 3) law; 4)
reward: -heqe fk-1 da hatin (B) to punish s.o.
according to his deserts, to pay s.o. back, get even
with s.o. [Cf. T hakkindan gelmek]; -heq§ xwe
standin (Z-2): a) to earn, merit, deserve: # Min
heqe zehmete xwe stand (K) I was paid for my
trouble; b) ?to charge s.o. (money) for stg.; 5)
wages, earnings, salary: *Em§ heq@ wi bidinS
(EP-5, #9) We will give [=pay] him wages •Niveki
heq§ xwe da (EP-5, #10) He paid half of his
wages *§uxule §ivana zaf getin bft, 1§ heqS
xebata wana geleki kem bft (Ba2:l, p.204)
The shepherds' job was very hard, but their
earnings were very small [lit. ’few’]; 6) price (HH);
7) [adj.] true, right: *Gotina wan heq bft (IF)
What they said was right, [also: heq; [haq] (JJ);
237
<fieq> ja. (HH)) <Ar haqq jj*. = ’truth, correctness,
duty' [Z-1/K/JB3/IF/B//JJ/HH]
heqa (B) = so much. See haqas.
heqas (B) = so much. See haqas.
heqiat (B) = remuneration. See heqyat.
heqyat oU iojt f. (-a; ). payment, recompensation,
remuneration (for services rendered) : •Heta roja
heqyata te be, ez te bimaleva bidim
xweykirine, nehelim kemasled te hebin
(EH) Until the day of your recompense comes [i.e.,
for the rest of your life], I will see that you are well
looked after, I won’t let you lack anything, [also:
heqiat (B)) [EH/K//B] <heq [4]>
her jojt adj./adv. 1) (syn; gi§k; hemu; t’emam) each,
every; all: •Her kit£bek h£jaye gar maneta
(B) Every book costs four rubles; -her car, See
hercar; -her gfiye = more and more,
increasingly [cf. T gittikge] •§ovenizm li
Kurdistane her guye tujtir buye (Ber)
Chauvinism in Kurdistan has become increasingly
more severe; -her du (IFb) = both. See herdu; -
her gav, see hergav; -hero [=her roj] = every
day, daily; -her ft her = continually; -heryeki =
each one: •heryekl ji me (Bz) each (one) of us;
2) [syn: hergav; hert’im; t’im} always, [also: her
(B); [her]^A (JJ); <her> ^ (HH)) [Pok. solo- 979.]
'whole' & *sol(e)uo- (Ras, p.132): Skt sarva- =
’whole, entire, all, every’; O Ir *harua- (Ras,
p.132): Av haurva-; O P haruva- = ’all’ (Kent); Pahl
har; P har (Horn #1090) —> T her; Sor her joj* ~
’each, every, any; just, exactly, only, etc.'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK//B]
<hergi; herdu; herse>
herac f. (). auction: -herac kirin (OK) to
auction off. [also: herac II (GF); <herac>
(HH); <herac ^-1 j^/herac (Hej)l [syn:
mezad) <Egyptian Ar harag^d = 'auction 1
[IFb/OK//HH/GF/Hej]
heraftin (SK) = to demolish. See herivandin.
heram p ) (IF) = forbidden. See Keram.
hercar jUjaa adv. all the time, constantly, always.
[K/IF]
hergl adj./prn. l) each, every; all; everything:
• Herg§ ku ez derheqa gandina kfikflrtizda
zanim, ez£ wera gillkim (B) I'll tell you all I
know about sowing corn«Rovi rabd hergl
go§t£ nerm bez li ber §£r danln ft. hergl
flir rovl li ber xwe danln (Dz) The fox (got
up and) put all the soft meat and fat before the lion,
and all the entrails he put before himself ; -hergl
ko (IF) whichever, whatever; whoever: • Hergl
ko gire bibijere (IF) Choose whichever is
biggest *Hergl ko birglne werin (IF) Come
whoever is hungry •Hegl ko mar e dijmin£
mirov e (IF) All snakes are man’s enemies;
Whatever is a snake is man's enemy; 2) the one(s)
who; 3) as for... [Fr quant a] (BX): •hegl ez (IF) as
for me *U Keg’iye xwarina rehne, bi
kevg’lye darl dixun, deqene dev£ wa
ne§ewite (HR-I 1:38) And as for liquid foods
[=soup], they eat them with wooden spoons, lest
they burn their mouths, [also: hegi II (IF-2);
heg’i[ye] (HR-I); lierge (B); 1'iergi (B); [her-tchi]
(JJ); <hergi> (HH)) < her = 'each' + gi = 'what’
[BX/Dz/IF/JJ/HH//B] <her>
herd jjojb (Z-l) = both. See herdu.
herdu jjjWher du 3 -> jojt [JB3/IFb] pm. both:
•Herdu rewlye birgi (Dz) Both hungry
travelers *Herdu ga li pa§ in (AB) Both oxen
are in the back *Ew herd ji nazik ii bedewin
(Z-l) Both of them are fine and beautiful, [also:
herd (Z-l); herd[u] (B); [her-douan / her-
doukan (JJ)) < her = each’ + du = ’two’
[Z-l/Dz/AB/K/JB3/IFb//JJ//B] <her; herse>
here I 0j oJt adv. l) {syn; ji hemu -tir; t’ewri; -tirin)
superlative degree of adjectives: (the) most, -est:
•giyae here bilind (IF) the highest mountain
•desmala here rind (B) the finest handkerchief
• §ehere here mezin (K) the largest city; 2) [syn:
gelek; p’ir II; ze’f) very, extremely, [also: heri II
(IFb)) Cf. Sor here = 'the most' [K-d§/K/B//IFb]
herem f. (). 1) [syn: heremodesi (EH)) harem,
separate area of house for the womenfolk; 2) {syn;
a§xane [3]) fining room (K). [also: heremxane (K);
heramxane (B)) < Ar haram p1>*. = ’(ritually)
forbidden' [K/IF/JR]
heremodesi f. (-ya; ). harem, special
••
quarters for the womenfolk: *De Ida t’erka we
xeber£ da, gfi heremodeslya xwe (EH) His
mother dropped the subject, and went to her
room, [syn: herem) < herem (qv.) + T odasi = 'its
room’ [EH]
heremxane (K) = harem. See herem.
herem ^jojt f. (-a;-e). province, region, district:
• §ova jimare (13) bi dest£ Oskar Mann li
her£ma SawcbilaxG (Mehabada niha)
238
hatiye nivisandine (K-d§) Version number 13
was recorded by Oskar Mann in the district of
Soujbulaq (now Mehabad) *Weke te zanin
tirba Ehmede Xani li Bazide ye u weke
ziyaretgeha xelk£ hereme ye (Wit 1:37, p.3]
As is known, the tomb of Ahmed-i Khani is in
[Dogu]bayazit, and is like a shrine for the people of
the region. Cf. Sor herem = 'district, region'
[K-d§/Wlt/K(s)/JB3/IFb/TF/OK] <dever I[2]>
herfi (Jjodb adj. old, senile, decrepit, doddering (can
be used as a substantive): »Ewe cahil bu, pire
hemin herfi bti (EH) She was young, but her
mother was that very old woman •Herfiye
p’orspi bfi (EH) She was a white-haired old
woman »Te Kevte sal 'emr kirye, tu pireke
herfi (EH) You have lived seventy years, you are
a doddering old woman. [EH] <pir>
hergav JjlfjAjt adv. all the time, constantly, always.
(syn: her [2]; hert’im; Fim) [F/K]
herge (F) = if. See eger I.
• ■
herifandin (GF/Frq) = to demolish. See
herivandin.
herikandin jjjlfjWherikandin jjjl [K] vt.
(-herikin-/-herikin- [K]). to cause to flow,
move (of water) : *Nugeyen §ehidbuna wan
hdstiren me diherikinin (Wit 1:32, p.2) News
of their martyrdom causes our tears to flow.
[Msr/A/IFb/GF/TF//K] <herikin>
herikin ^f,Wherikin q-Sj+a [K] vi. (-herik-/
-herik- [K]). to flow, move (of water) : -Av
diherike (IF) The water flows, \also: [herekin]
(JJ)I \svn: k’i§in) <Ar harakah =
'movement' [Msr/Haz/A/IFb/GF/TF//K//JJ]
<herikandin>
herimin (IFb/OK) = to be defiled; to go bad.
See herimin.
herin qjaj* (IF) = to go. See herin.
heristandin (IF) = to scratch; to crush. See
heri§andin.
heri§andin vt. (-heri§in-). 1) to scratch
(K/B); 2) ( syn: dewisandin; pergiqandinl to crush,
smash, mash (JJ). ( also: helisandin (IF/GF);
heristandin (IF-2); Keri§andin (K/B); heri§tin
(-Jiere§-) (K-2); [herichandin] ^jjli(JJ)}
<Ar Vhrs = 'to crush, mash' [JJ//K/B//IF/GF]
heri§in vi. (-heri§-). 1) to be scratched
(K/B); 2) to be crushed, smashed, mashed (M/IF/JJ):
• Kabra (p=| bi her do pia ser cendik& keft
fieta mar teda heri§i, ina mareke ku§t (M-
Ak, #555) The fellow fell upon the bag with both
feet until the snake was crushed inside it, and so
killed the snake, {also: heri§in (K/B); [herichin]
0^LP* [JJ) } <Ar Vhrs = 'to crush, mash'
[FT/M/JJ//K/B]
heri I (IFb/HH) = wool. See hiri.
99
heri II (IFb) = the most; very. See here I.
heri III (IFb/JJ) = mud. See Heri.
♦ ♦
herin vi. ([di]her-/[t]er-; neg. naherim/na
rim [JB3]; subj. herim; imp. here!), to go (most
commonly used in the present tense and its
derivatives): •Lazime tu heri (L) You must go
•Eze herim be’re bi§ewtinim (Dz) I will go set
the sea on fire, [also: herin (IF); [herin] (JJ)}
[svn: gun| [Pok. 1. ser- 909] 'to flow': Skt Vsar
[sarati] = 'to flow'. [BX/JB3/B/JJ/IF] <hatin; werin>
herir in. (). silk, [also: [harlr ^>>>/halll JJaJ
(JJ); <helil> (HH)| {syn: hevirmi§} < Ar harlr
- 'silk' [K/IF/JB1-S/JJ//HH]
herke oS'jojt (Z-3) = if. See eger I.
herke (EP-1) = if. See eger I.
hermet o= woman; respect. See hurmet.
herme f. (). 1) [syn: karginl pear; 2) pear tree,
bot. Pyrus communis (IFb). [also: hermi (IFb-2);
hirme (Kmc-2/RZ); hirmi (A/IFb-2/TF/OK-
2/AA/RZ-2); hurme (K/F/Ba2/B); [hirmi] (JJ)}
Cf. Mid P urmod = 'pear' (M3); P amrut
amrud /Clq. armud J --> T armut; Sor
herme Za nnroy f. (Mai); Hau hemru
[Ad/IFb/OK//K/F/Ba2/B//Kmc-2/RZ//A/JJ/
TF/AA] <alisork; hezirani; kargin; kirosik; §ekok;
§itu>
hermi§ = silk. See hevirmi§.
hermi (IFb) = pear. See hermS.
9 9
hermu§ (F) = silk. See hevirmi§.
herset (L) = sorrow. See hesret.
hers§ prn. all three: *Evana hers§k bira
bfin (Z-l) The three of them were brothers # Me
herseka eva xebata kirye (B) The three of us
did that work, [also: hersek (Z-l); herseka; fiers§[k]
(B); [her si] (JJ)} < her = 'each' + se = 'three'
[Z-1/K/JJ//B] <her; herdu>
hersek (Z-l) = all three. See hers@.
herseka = all three. See hers§.
hert’im adv. always, constantly: *Ew Kert’im
te bir tine (B) He constantly mentions you
•flert’im ew§ ez ji xwera dibirim w§ der§
239
(Ba2-#2, p. 206) She always used to take me there
with her. [also: hert’im (B/Ba2)) [syn: her [2];
hergav; t’im} [Ba2/B//F/K]
hervaz (FK-eb-1) = slope; up. See hevraz.
hervez (FK-eb-1) = slope; up. See hevraz.
herwani (Qzl/Kmc-#3507) = type of coat. See
hewran I.
herweki ^adv./conj. 1) as: *Ji xwe herweki
nas e (SW) As is known • Herweki me got (SW)
As we said *Herweki em nikarin bigin
wels^g xwe (IF) As we cannot go to our
hon- eland; -herweki ko (JB3) do.; 2) [conj.[ as if:
•Herweki here ber miring (BX) As if he were
going to [his] death. [SW/BX/K/JB3/IF]
herwiha/her wiha joj* adv. likewise: # Ev
serokati ne bi tene Serokatiya Neteweyi
ye; her wiha serokatiya her kese ku
azadiyg dixwaze, p§st ft kotekiye dibine,
ye (AW78A3) This leadership is not only national
leadership; it is likewise the the leadership of every
person who desires freedom, who has experienced
oppression and beatings •Her wiha ew bale
diki§inin ser pi§tevaniya dewletgn
Ewrftpayg ji (AW71A3) Likewise they draw
attention to the support of the European states as
well. {also : her wisa (GF); herwisa (AD)] Sor dest
o-oj [AW//GF//AD]
her wisa joj* (GF) = likewise. See her wiha.
herwisa (AD) = likewise. See her wiha.
herzal fJm.(SK) ( ;-g/-i). raised platform on
which people sit while on the roof, balcony, or in
a vineyard; summer shelter of reeds erected on the
roof (SK); raised platform on which beds and the
like are placed (IFb); throne-like structure on four
poles on which one sits while watching over
vineyards and the like (IFb): *Havina
diderk’eviye sere bana, u ji dela texta
'enzela gedikin, ft li ser razihin (HR-I 1:35)
In the summer they go out onto the roof, and
instead of beds they make platforms ('enzela) and
sleep on them •Meme, C’ekan, ’Efan,
Qeret’ajdinva der ten ser bane zgrhele (FK-
eb-2) Mem, Chekan, 'Efan, and Qeretajdin go out
onto the (roof or top of the) platform «Wexte
hawing bft. Mala Osg hemi di keprg da bft.
Herzaleki bilind ji ggkiri bft, Oso ft jina
xo li ser herzali diniwistin, kuret wi ft
iala wi ji di kepra bini da bftn (SK 40:357)
It was summertime. All of Oso’s family was in a
bough-hut. A high superstructure had also been
made, and Oso and his wife were sleeping on the
superstructure while his sons and household were
in the hut beneath, [also: erzel (RF/IFb-2); 'enzel
(HR-I); ’erzel (GF); herzalik (IFb/OK); hezelk (Bw);
zerhel (FK-eb-2); <'erzel> (HH)) <Arc arzela
K'T’TIK (urzlla K'PTVIKj/arzila K^PX/'arsal
‘?0‘lS)/‘arsela X'T’O'IS) = 'cradle, hammock for
watchmen in gardens' (< ‘eres D1X?/‘arsa X013 =
'bedstead') & Syr ‘arzolo = 'a booth or hut
of interwoven branches; a lodge in a cucumber-
Y
garden or vineyard'; Sor herzale 1 jjojt = 'low
platform, stand (for bed, furniture, etc.)
[FK-2//SK//GF//IFb/OK//Bw] <k’epir; kol II>
berzalik jaa (IFb/OK) = raised platform. See
herzal.
herzan jbjAjfc (K[s]) = cheap. See erzan.
herzin joj* m. [ ;-i). millet, bot. Panicum
miliaceum : *Elbette di§gt du c ayeki wato
biket her roj hembaneki herzini bo te ji
xude bixazit (SK) He can certainly pray and ask
God for a sack of millet for you every day. [also:
herzin (IFb)) [syn: garis; gilgil] < Proto-Ir
*(h)arzana-: Pamir dialects; Yidgha yurzun; Ormuri
azan; Parachi arzan; Sanglechi wuzdan; Wakhi
ylrz 11 (Morg); Pashto zdan & Wanetsi ezdan; P
arzan jj J\\ Sor herzin jj^Wherzin j*Jt> = 'giant
millet' [K(s)/SK//IFb] <genim; xirovi>
herzin (IFb) = millet. See herzin.
hesab (IFb/GF/OK) = [ac]count; consideration.
See Kesab.
hesan I jLajb (A) = quiet; easy. See asan & hgsa.
hesan II ni. (-g; Kesen [B]). whetstone:
-hesan kirin (GF)/Kesan kirin (K/B) to hone,
sharpen, whet: *Min dasa xwe hesankir (GF) I
sharpened my sickle, [also: hisan [2] (Bw); hesan
(K/B); [hesan/husan (Rh)] jLu* (JJ); <hesan> jUA
(HH)) Cf. P fesan jLi; Sor hesan Hau
hesan; = Za kerra seqenayi§i [Bw//A/IFb/JJ/HH/
GF/TF/OK//K/B] <hesun; sutin>
hesandin (IFb/OK) = to cause to feel; to
inform. See hesandin.
heseb (IFb) = [ac]count; consideration. See
Hesab.
hesibandin (JB2/Rnh/IFb/TF/OK) = to
consider. See hesibandin.
II
240
hesin m. (-§; ). 1) iron (metal) : •fiesine
b§'esas ne dibe k’§rendi, ne dibe de’s (Dz-
#698) Unsmelted iron becomes neither scythe nor
sickle [prv.J, 2 ) anchor (JJ). {also: asen (JBl-A); asin
(A-2/SK/Bw); hesin (K/B); [hesin ^-a/hasin ^Ia]
(JJ); <hesin> (HH)) <0 Ir *ans(u)wan-, cf.
Tokharian encuwo; Old P aBwanya-; ?Av haosafna-
?; Sgd ’spyn [aspen]; P ahan Sor asin ^(J; Za
asin m. (Todd); Hau asin m. (M4). See: M.
Schwartz. “Jrano-Tocharica,” in: Memorial Jean de
Menasce, ed. Ph. Gignoux & A. Tafazzoli (Louvain
: Imprimerie Orientaliste : Fondation Culturelle
Iranienne. 1974), p. 409, note 33
[K/B//F/A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH//SK/Bw//JBl-A]
hesinger m. (-e; ). blacksmith: *Mem kur§
hesinger bu (K-d§, p. 88 ) Mem was the son of a
blacksmith; -Kawaye hesinkar (PQ Kawa the
blacksmith, protagonist of the story of Newroz
(Kurdish New Year). { also: asinger (SK); hesinger
(IF); hesinkar (PQ; hesinker (IF-2); [hasin-gher]
La (JJ)} {svn: hedad} Cf. P ahangar JL&\\ Sor
asinger [K-d§/GF//SK//JJ] <hesin>
hesinger (IF) = blacksmith. See hesinger.
hesini adj. made of iron, iron (adj.) : «Ew ji
dibe kevg’iye hesini, di nav girara germ
da disincire; ji we yeke kevg’iye dari
qimetlitir e (HR-I, 1:40) They also say that iron
spoons [lit. 'the iron spoon’] melt [or, heat up] in
hot porridge; for this reason wooden spoons are
[lit. ’the wooden spoon is'] more valuable # Solek
hesini ji xwe re gekir (L) She had shoes of iron
made [for herself], {also: hesini (K); [hasini]
(JJ)} Cf. P ahani & ahanln Sor asinin
Za asinin/asinen (Mai) [L/A/IF/GF/HR-I//
JJ//K] <hesin>
hesinkar [PQ) = blacksmith. See hesinger.
hesinker (IF) = blacksmith. See hesinger.
hesiyan (JB3/IFb/OK) = to feel, sense. See
Kesin.
hesin (IFb/QK) - to feel, sense. See Hesin.
hesil (A) = mat. See Kesir.
hesir^^^A (IFb/GF/TF) = mat. See Kesir.
hesk ciL f. ( ;-e). 1 ) ( syn: gemgik; k’efgir [ 1 ]}
wooden ladle: •Heskek ser§ gawi§ xist, sere
gawi§ §ikest (Z-l) She took a ladle to the
servant's head, and broke his skull; 2 ) scoop (B).
{also: huskik (Bw); Hesik (B); [hesk JLa / heske
heskou^51 jt>] (JJ); <hesko>^SL a (HH)} Sor
eskwe [esko] fa&AS [z-i/k/a/]B3/if/jj//b//hh//Bw]
<gogik; k’efgi; k’efgir>
hesp <^.~*a m./f. {-el- a; hesp, vi hespi/-e). horse
(m.) ; mare (f) (in Adiyaman, according to an
informant, hesp refers to a young horse: bergfr is
the more general word for horse there) : «Ez li
h§sp suwar bum (BK) I mounted the horse # Ez
li hespe suwar bdm (BK) I mounted (=got on
the back of) the mare; -Kespe n£r (B) colt, foal;
-fiespa me (B) mare {syn: mehin I); -Kespa
gihiye (B)/Kespa bdk£ (B) dragonfly, {also: Hesp
(B); Hesp’ (JBl-A); [hesp] (JJ); <hesp>
(HH)} {syn: bergir; bor; *nijda) [Pok, ekuo-s 301.]
’horse': Skt asva- m.; O Ir *aswa-: Av aspa- m.; O
P asa-; P asb Sor esp Za istor f
(Todd)/estor/istor m. (Mai); Hau esp m. (M4); cf.
also Lat equus; Gr hippos mnog; perhaps Arm es
t 2 . = 'donkey’ [and T e§ek?]
[Ad/BX/F/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/ HH/BK/SK//B/JB 1 -A]
<biji I/guli I [2 ] = ’mane'; cani/kurik = 'colt, foal';
bestir II = 'mule'; k’er III = 'donkey'; k’iKel = ’bay
horse'; mehin I = 'mare 1 ; me’negi = ’pedigreed
horse'; revo = 'herd of horses’>
hesret oo^*a f. (-a;-e). sorrow, grief; longing,
yearning; desire (JJ): *Tirsa min ... ez bimirim
d herseta wan terese bir§ min di dil§ min
de bimine (L) I’m afraid that I'll die, while sorrow
over my good-for-nothing brothers remains in my
heart, {also: herset (L); b'esret (B); [hasret] oj—a. (JJ);
< esret> (HH)} {syn: derd; xemgini} < Ar
hasrah > P hasrat 0 ^- 0 * --> T hasret
[L//K/IFb//B/HH//JJ]
hest f. ( ;-e). sense, feeling: *Pi§ti ku min
pe§gotina pirtuke xwend, his u
baweriyeke wusa li min peyda bd ku ez
binivisinim (Epl 11) After I read the introduction
to the book, a feeling and belief overcame me that
I should write; -hest kirin = to feel, sense: «Gava
ez bi kurdi dipeyivim ez rehet dibim, ez
xwe rehet his dikim (Nudem 30 [1999], 10)
When I speak Kurdish, I relax, I feel comfortable
• Wi hest dikir ev jingehe ya dibite h§zeka
r§gir beramber viyan§t wi y§t huneri d
viyana wi bo serbestiyd (Peyv 3[1996], 38)
He felt tbat this environment was getting in the way
of [lit. 'becoming a preventive force against'] his
artistic desires and his desire for freedom, {also: his
241
(Epl); [hys] (JJ)} < Ar hiss <^ 0 . = 'feeling 1 ; Sor
hest [Peyv/K(s)/A/IFb/GF/TF//JJ/Epl/Nudem]
hest«e m. (•§; ). 1) ( syn: arbe§k; berheste}
flint; 2) steel (used for striking fire from a flint) :
-heste lexistin (IF) to strike a light; 3) cigarette
lighter, {also: heste (B); [heste] (JJ); <heste>
<\k(HH)} Sor este = 'steel (for use with flint
to produce fire)' [Wr/K(s)/A/IF/JJ//HH//B] <cigare;
geqandin>
hesterik J(MK) = star. See ster.
hestir (K) = camel. See Ke§tir.
hestirvan jb;= camelherd. See he§tirvan.
hesti m. (-ye; ). bone: *Hestue min
naveje, hestde min teke torbek! (J) Don't
throw my bones out, gather my bones in a sack
•0 hesti ji §erra damn (Dz) and he left [lit.
'put'] the bones for the lion; -hestiye fila (L)
ivory: *qesefek ji hestiye fila (L) a cage of
ivory [lit. 'of bones of elephants']; -fiestuye goke
(B) kneecap, [also: hestu (J/F); hestik (SK/Zeb);
Hestu (B); hestu (B-2); [hesti] (JJ); <hesti>
(HH)) [Pok. ost(h)- 783.] 'bone' --> *OestE/r/n: Skt
dsthi n. [gen. asthnas); O Ir *ast- n.\ Av ast- n.\ Sgd
stk- [stak] --> Yaghnobi satak; Mid P
ast/astag/astuxan (M3); P ostoxan Sor esk
JLlS/eskan jlSlJj^sqan jliLJi; Za iste m.
(Todd)/heste (Mai); cf. also Hittite hast&i; Gr osteon
ocrreov; Lat os, ossis n.\ Arm oskr nul^p (-k- < *-tw-).
M. Schwartz: For the early Iranian peoples, bone
represented essence, that which gives shape, e.g.,
Av astuuant-, fern, astuuaitl- = 'material (world)'
[L/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH//J/F//B//SK/Zeb]
hestif f. ( ;-e). 1) baker’s peel, a long-
handled, spade-shaped instrument used by bakers
for getting bread in and out of the oven ; 2) scraper,
spatula for scraping dough from trough (B). {also:
hestiv (K/GF-2); Kestif (B); hestiv (B-2); [hestiw]
cu~a (JJ); <hestif> (HH))
[A/IF/HH/GF//K/JJ//B] chevir; nan>
hestiv (K/GF/JJ) = baker’s peel. See hestif.
hestu(J/F) = bone. See hesti.
hesud j(IF) = envious, jealous. See Kevstid.
hesudi (IF) = envy, jealousy. See fievsudi.
hestin vt. (-hes-/-husti- [SK]/-Eusd- [JBl-
A]). 1) to rub; to polish (K); to wipe: *Hingo
c adet kiriye, kese deste merhemete bi sere
hingoda binit d§ leqeki li wi desti dan, we
kes@ piy@ bi-gH di ser§ hingo bihustit
mirg-mirg de wi pe mag ken (SK 57:661) If
anyone lays a compassionate hand upon your
head you have been accustomed to bite that hand,
and if anyone wipes a dung-covered foot on your
face then you kiss that foot noisily; 2) to whet,
sharpen (JJ). {also: husun (M/SK); fiusun (JBl-A);
sutin; [hesoun] (JJ)} [Pok. Ke(i)-: Ko(i)-: ke(i)-
541-2.] ’to sharpen, whet’— probably extension of
ak- = ‘sharp’: Skt si-sa-ti/sy-ati = ‘sharpens, whets';
O Ir *su-/*sav-: Av saeni- = 'tip, point'; P sudan
jjj- (-say-) & sohan = 'file (tool)'; Sor
s[u]wan jlj-v = 'file; to be rubbed' & sun = 'to
rub 1 ; Za sawena [sawiti§] = ‘to rub, sharpen’
(Mal/Srk) [S&E/K/JJ//M/SK//JB 1-A] See also sdtin.
<ege; hesan II; k’artik; rendin>
he§ f. (-a; ). indigo, dark blue, bot. Indigofera
tinctoria [Ar nil J-j, nllaj ^Iq]: *He§a Mti§e ye,
li min venabe (in a song of Miliemed Arif Ciziri)
It is the indigo of Mush, it won’t open up for me.
{also: [hech] (JJ); <he$> (HH)} {syn: givit}
Sor he§ Jiojb [Zeb/JJ/HH/GF] <he§in>
he§andin vt. (-he§in-). to prepare (meat) ;
•Herin je re berxeki bihe§inin d binin (L)
Go prepare a lamb for him and bring it. {also:
be§andin (K)} ?< Ar hasa = 'to stuff [L/K]
he§in adj. 1) blue; 2) {syn: k’esk} green
(K/B/HH); -he§in bdn = a) to grow green; b) to
grow, bloom, blossom: *Ser wi kulilked Eemu
renga u cdra he§in dibdn (Ba2:l, p.202) On it
[=Mount Dumanlu) flowers of all colors and types
would grow, {also: he§in (Z-l/K/B/IFb-2); he§in
(A); §in II; [hichin chin q-J:] (JJ); <he§in>
(HH) - cf. also [hech] (JJ) = 'indigo'} “The
words for ‘black’, ‘blue’, and (dark) ‘green’ are
frequently interchangeable in Ir. and Ind.
languages " [Georg Morgenstierne. “Notes on
Balochi Etymology,” Norsk Tidsskrift for
Sprogvidenskap 5, (1932), 50, ^81, reprinted in:
Irano-Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, 1973), p. 161.] Cf. Av axsaina- = 'color of
blue vitriol’; Mid P xasen/axsen (Scythian); Pamir
dialects: Yidgha axsin = 'blue'; Ormuri Sin = 'blue;
green' (Morg); Pashto sin - 'blue; green'; Sor §in
= 'blue, green (of nature)'; K he§in —> T he§in
[§enoba, Uludere-Hakkari] = 'green, blue' (DS, v.
7, p. 2349); cf. P xasmsarjLa^io. [lit. 'blue head'],
type of bird. Also Euxine (Greek name for Black
Sea < Euxeinos < earlier Axeinos < Scythian
242
*ax3en): see: M. Schwartz. “Blood” in Sogdian and
Old Iranian,” in: Monumentum Georg
Morgenstierne II, Hommages et Opera Minora, vol.
8 (Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1982), esp. pp. 195-96.
(he§inahi; he§inati; he§inati; he§[i]nayi; §inkati;
[hichinai shinatL jLui] (JJ)}
[K/B//A//JB3/IFb/HH//JJ] <he§; tebesi>
he§inahi (Rnh 2:17) = greenness; vegetation.
See he§inati.
he§inati f. (-ya;-ye). 1) greenness, verdure;
2) vegetation; greenery; 3) (syn: deramet I; dikak;
emi§ [2]; p’incar) vegetable(s). { also: he§inahi (Rnh
2:17, p.308); he§inati (K); he§inayi (B); he§nai (F);
he§nayi (K); §inkati (Bw); [hichinai
shlnatl^iLui] (JJ)) [K/F//JB3/IF//JJ/B//Bw] <giya;
he§in>
he§iya L Jsojt (IS) = thing, ohject. See e§ya.
he§t (A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK) = eight.
See Key§t.
he§tan (IF) = eighth. See Key§ta.
he§tdeh Ao(IFb) = eighteen. See hfjdeh.
he§tek (GF) = an eighth. See he§tek.
he§tem (IF) = eighth. See fiey§ta.
he§temin (IF) = eighth. See hey§ta.
he§te I (A/IFb/HH/TF/OK) = eighty. See
Key§t§.
he§t’e II (JBl-A) = eighth. See Key§ta.
he§tek f. (-a; ). an eighth, 1/8: *He§teka
(he§t yeka) rezi min kiri (AR, 288) I bought
an eighth of the vineyard, {also: he§tek (GF);
hey§tyek (K)) Sor he§t-yek (Sulaimania &
Kerkuk)/he$t-yek (Arbil) IZob/AR//GF//K]
he§tir (JB3/IFb) = camel. See Ke§tir.
he§tirvan m. (). camelherd, cameleer, [also:
hestirvan; hestirvan (K); he§tirvan (GF/OK);
[huchtur-van] (JJ)) Cf. P uSturban
Sotorban Sor Ku§tirewan
wu§tirwan [JB3/IFb//K//GF/OK//JJ] <fie$tir>
he§ti I (JB3/GF/OK) = eighty. See Key§t§.
he§ti II ijLz&Jb (IF/JJ) = eighth. See hey§ta.
he§t-sed num. eight hundred, 800. Av
a§ta sata; P ha§t sad a*? Sor he§tsed a
[SK]
he§tye (JBl-S) = eighth. See Key§ta.
heta Ldjfc - until. See Keta & t’a IV.
hetahetay! (JB3/IF) = eternity. See
Ketafietayi.
hetani = until. See Beta & t’a IV.
hetaw j!j*a (SK) = sun. See tav I.
hetik (A/IFb) = honor, decency. See hetk.
hetikber j+Jjoj* adj. slandering, gossiping about
others. [Dh/Zeb] <hetk>
hetk ds<KJt f. (-a;-e). honor, decency, good
reputation; -hetka fk-e birin (SK/Zeb) to
disgrace, ruin s.o.'s reputation; to dishonor, insult:
• Deng£ xwe bilind neke, te hetka me bir
(Zeb) Don't raise your voice, you've disgraced us
[=the neighbors will hear] «Eger te kematiyek
di mevandariya me da dit, hetka me nebe-
-ango nebeje xelqi (Zeb) If you find a defect in
our hospitality, don’t ruin our reputation-i.e.,
don’t tell anyone •Marne Rezgo gazi kir§,
"Ho mame kal, were, digel me kebaba
bixo." Got, "Ez digel sa nagime ser kele§§
mirar." Disa xulaman gotin [sic], "Axa, da
bigine, ewl hetika me bir" (SK 37:331) Mam
Razgo called to him. "Ho, old fellow, come and eat
kebabs with us." He said, "I don't go to a carcass of
carrion with dogs." Again the henchmen said,
"Agha, let us go for him, he has insulted us" *Te
hetka me bir = te em §ermezar/rftre§ kirin
= You humilitated/disgraced us. [also: hetik (A);
hetk (K/XF); <hetk> Jjojt (Hej)} cf. Ar hatk Jjjt =
'tearing; exposure, expose; dishonoring, disgracing,
debasement’ [Zeb/JJ/SK/GF/Hej//A//K/XF]
cbehetik; hetikber>
hetta (IS) = until. See heta & t’a IV.
hev Joj* pm. each other, one another [Western
dialects -BX); together: *Me hev dit = We saw
each other *Me hevftdft nas kir = We knew one
another »Didine hevdin (Ad) They are arguing
[lit. They are giving [it] to each other'] «Em
brayen hev in = We are brothers [lit. 'We are
each other's brothers’]; -ber hev kirin = to
collect, gather. See berhev. {also: hevdi; hevdin
(Ad); hevdu (K); hevdu; hevudin; hevudi; hevudu
(JB3); hevudu; hev I (JBl-S); [hew] (JJ)) Cf. P
ham p*; Sor hew 3 aa [BX/K/JB3/IF/JJ/B//JB1-S]
<jev; lev; p’ev; t’ev>
heval JU*.a m.&f. (-§/-a; hev§l [B], vi hevali/ ).
l) friend, companion, pal, buddy, chum: *Kur
rabft cot§ xwe ft nir§ xwe derxist, ga§ xwe
gir§da, dya xwe kire heval§ g@ (J) The boy
got up and took out his plough and yoke, tied up
his ox, and made his mother the companion of the
ox (=tied her up to the other side of the yoke);
243
-heval u hogir (Z-l) do.; 2) comrade (in socialist
parlance, equivalent of Russian tovarishch
TOBapnuf): *Hevala Semire tu di nava
kome de ya heri ciwan i (AW73A3) Comrade
Semira, you are the youngest member of the group
•Pivandn e§iriy6 ne mane, pivanen pigHk
H meziniy§ ne mane, lawe min i na§t
radibe ji min re dib§je: heval (Epl, 99-100)
The standards of tribalism are gone, respect for age
[lit. 'standards of smallness and largeness'] is gone,
my teenage son calls me 'heval'. [also: hewal (SK);
[heval J^/hewal JUa] (JJ); cheval JlWhaval
JUIa>(HH)) { syn: dost; hogir; yar [l]) <ham- =
'with' + ahl = ’goal' (Tsb2, 10) <Av *ar0a- =
'intention, goal’ [someone with a shared goal], cf.
Skt sam # artha- = 'suitable or fit for, having proper
aim or object'; Mid P hamal/hamahl (M3); P hamal
V Y
JLa; Sor awel JojlS/hawal JIjIa = hewfe ^ 3 ^ &
birader joj)=Z a embaz [heval!; hevalti; hevaliti;
hewalini) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S//SK]
hevalbend m. (). 1) [syn: sondxwari) ally:
•Qerargeha Hevalbendan a mezin (RN) The
main Allied headquarters; 2) member (of an
organization, etc.) (K/B). (hevalbendi)
[RN/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK]
hevalbend! /. ( ;ye). 1) alliance;
••
coalition; 2) membership (in an organization, etc.).
[JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF] <hevalbend>
heval biguk JIj«va (JH) = placenta.
See hevalg’tlk.
hevalcemk (Bw) = twin. See cewi.
heval cewi (Dyd/Wn) = twin. See cewi.
hevalg’tik f./m.(JH) ( /-§;-§/). placenta,
afterbirth: *Heke jinikeke biguk nebin ... de
z§revaniy§ li jinikeka zay! ket, da ku
heval bigdke we bidizit (JH, 17) If a woman
has no children [^cannot get pregnant] ... she will
keep watch over [or, spy on] a woman in childbed,
in order to steal her placenta, [also: heval biguk
(JH); hevalok (IFb); heval piguk (GF); [aval-a
piciuk] (JJ-G) } [syn: pizdan) [B//JJ-G//GF//
JH/ /IFb]
hevali (K) = friendship. See hevalti.
hevalini (Bw) = friendship. See hevalt!.
hevaliti (KH) = friendship. See hevalti.
••
hevalok Isut (IFb) = placenta. See hevalg’uk.
heval piguk -4^ JISaa (GF) = placenta. See
hevalg’tik.
hevalti /. (-ya;-ye). 1) friendship: *f5di
navb§na me de hevaliti nemaye (KH, p.35)
The friendship between us is no more; 2)
companionship, [also: hevali (K-2); hevalini (Bw);
hevaliti (KH); hewalini (SK)) [syn: dosti; yari I[l]J
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK/F//Bw//KH//SK]
<heval>
hevan (B/EP-4/EP-8) = sheepskin sack. See
heban.
hevbe§ m. (). 1) (syn: hevp’ar) partner
(K[s]/A/IF); companion (K[s]); peer, equal (IF);
2) [adj.] common, shared (VoA).
[AX/K(s)/IF/A]
*hevbtik 111 . (). brother-in-law [pi. brothers-
in-law], specifically the relationship between the
husbands of two sisters, (syn: bacinax (Haz);
hevling (IF/A/Hk)} [IF]
hevde (A) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
hevdeh aojjaa num. seventeen, 17. [also: heftdeh
(IF-2); hevde (A); hevde (GF); hivdeh (K); hifdeh
(F); hivde (Z-3); hivdeh (B); [hefdeh o^Whewdeh
oaaa] (JJ); <hevdeh> o jJa (HH)) Skt saptadasa; Av
haptadasa = seventeenth; Mid P haftdah (M3); P
hefdah oSor hevde ojJ'Whevve Za
liewtes/desuhewt; Hau Kewcle (M4)
[Z-3//BX/IFb/HH/JJ//K//A//F//B//GF] <heft>
hevdem (GF/TF) = modem, contemporary. See
hemdem.
hevdi = each other. See hev.
hevdin Jiojt (Ad) = each other. See hev.
hevdu (K) = each other. See hev.
hevdu jgXsojb = each other. See hev.
hevedudani ^*3+* adj. compound, composite:
-lekera hevedudani (IF) compound verb; -nave
hevedudani (JB3) compound noun.
[(neol)K/JB3/IF]
hevez ySojtf (-a; ). nighttime sheepfold: -heveza
pezi (Zeb) do. [also: chevez Whewez
(Hej)} [syn: hev§i) Cf. NENA ha-wiza = 'a place for
sheep in summer' (Maclean) [Zeb/IFb/OK/Hej/AA]
<beri I; palin; §evin>
hevgirti adj./pp. consistent; coherent,
cohesive: *pekanina rastnivis u rezimaneke
rast H hevgirti (Wit 2:100, p.2) the creation of a
correct and consistent orthography and grammar.
[(neol)Wlt/GF]
hevirmi§ m. (). 1) [syn: herir) silk; 2) [adj.]
silken: •Dezmala hevirmi§ (B) Silk[en]
244
handkerchief *kirase hevirmi§ (K) silk[en] shirt.
[also: armi§, f. (SK); armu§: ebregum (F-2); erimug
(IS); ermu§; hermi§; hermu§ (F); hevirmu§;
hevri§im (IF); hevru§im, f. (JB3); [hewirmonch
A*/armouch ji^jl/hevirmouch
ji^^iA/ebrichim ^(JJ); <hevri§im>
(HH)) <*upa-resma (<res- = 'to spin') --> Pahl
apresm — > P abrlsam Shughni dialects:
Yazghulami vrixam; Sarikoli varaxi'm/valaxum;
Shughni virexum (Morg2); Sor hewre§m
cf. Ar ibrlsam/ibrlsim T ibri§im; W Arm
abrsum unqp^ruJ' ; NA awrusum (Garbell); res-:
[Pok I. rei- 857ff.] 'to scratch, tear, cut' --> [reik(h)-
--> reik-]: Skt res- = 'to pluck, tear our'; O Ir *rais-
(Tsb 40): Av raes-/iris- = ’to wound, damage’; P
ristan (jyc-j/ristan gyA = 'to spin (wool) 1 & abrlsam
= ’silk’. See 2. “Silk” in: H.W. Bailey.
“Three Pahlavi Notes.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society (1931), 425-26. |K/I3//F//IF/MH//JJ//JI33/SK]
<festin>
hevirmu§ = silk. See hevirmi§.
hevin qJ+a = love. See evin.
hevir m. ( ; hevir, vi heviri). dough:
-hevir kirin (Zeb/Dh) to knead [syn: stiran II;
gelan [1]}. [also: [hewir] (JJ); <hevir> (HH))
Cf. Ar/P xamlr^ = 'leavened dough’ -> T
hamur; Sor hewir Za mir, in.
[AB/K/A/(JB3)/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <ard;
gi§tik; hestif; stiran II>
hevirtir§ jl m. (-e; ). 1) I syn: heven) yeast,
leaven; 2) leavened dough (IF); piece of dough (for
leavening) (B). | also: hevirtir§k (B); [hewir tyrch]
Ji' (JJ); <hevir tir§> A>>A*(HH)) < hevir =
’dough' -f tir§ = ’sour'; Sor hewirtir§
(CP-7/K/A/U'l)/n/ca'/TI*/OK/ZoI)//IIII//I31 <stiran II>
hevfrtir§k JLi(B) = yeast; piece of dough. See
hevirtir§.
hevk’ar m.&f (). colleague, co-worker,
partner. Cf. P hamkar jbAfc = ’fellow worker,
competitor 1 ; Sor hawkar = 'confederate,
colleague, cooperator' [VoA/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
hevk’ari f. (). cooperation, partnership. Cf.
P hamkar! = 'competition'; Sor hawkari
^jIS^La = ’cooperation’ [VoA/K/(A)/IFb/GF/OK]
hevling in. (). brother-in-law ]pi. brothers-in-
law], specifically the relationship between the
husbands of two sisters; husband of a man’s baltuz
(qv.) [cf. [concept] Ar ‘adll J_> ja Clq (Palestinian)
Ar saqqit-xurj P bajinay T
bacanak]. [also: hevlink (Haz--> Hk)l [syn: bacinax
(Haz); hevbuk (IF)) [IF/A/Hk/Bozarslan]
hevlink JjJ&ojb (Haz—>Hk) = brother-in-law. See
hevling.
hevor yp+jt (IFb/OK) = billy goat, male goat. See
hevuri.
hevp’ar jLsaa m. (). 1) (syn: hevbeg) companion (K);
2) (syn: hevbe§} partner (K/IF); 3) [syn: be§dar;
pi§kdar) shareholder, s.o. having a part/share (of
stg.) (K/IF). [also: hempar (K)) [AX/IF//K] <be§dar>
hevpeyivin (IFb) = interview. See
hevpeyvin.
hevpeyvin f- (-&;-§). interview: *Ji bo
hevpeyvine em spasdariya we dikin (Wit
1:37, p.16) We are grateful to you for the
interview, [also: hevpeyivin (IFb)) = Sor gaw-pe-
kewtin l(neol)Wlt//IFb]
4 •
hevran Jsojt (IFb) = poplar tree. See *evran.
hevraz jl m.(K/B/Bw)/f(F/OK) (-§/; hevrgz/ ).
1) [syn: jiheli) uphill slope; 2) [adv.] (syn:
bala/bani; jor; berbijor/serbijor) up, upward
(Ba/JJ): •Hevraz t’ukim - simele, berj£r
t’tikim - ruye (Dz - #665) If I spit upward, there’s
my moustache, if I spit downward, there’s my
beard [prvj (i.e.. Damned if I do, damned if I don't:
cf. T A§agi tiikiirsem sakal, yukan tiikursem biyik)
• Osib ha hevraz niheri ha berjer niheri
(Ba) Joseph look now up, now down; -hevraz
kirin (FK-eb-1) to raise, lift, pick up: *Sere xwe
hervaz [sic] kir u got (FK-eb-1) He raised his
head and said, [also: ev raz (Bw/IFb-2/GF-2/OK-2);
ewrazi (SK); hervaz (FK-eb-1); hervez (FK-eb-1);
hewraz, f. (F/IFb-2); hevraz, m. (B); [awraz
j1 A'l/hewraz jlA* ] (JJ); <ervaz> jlS'jl (HH))
[F//Ba/K/IFb/JJ// B/GF/TF/OK//Bw//SK//HH]
<berwar; fez>
hevrik J m.&f. (). opponent; rival, competitor:
• Di ve nivisare de ez de yek bi yek li ser
argumenten parezkar u hevriken van du
herf§n kurdiy§ rawestim (A. Zerevan: Nudem
22:114) In this article I will investigate—one by
one—the arguments of the proponents and
opponents of these two Kurdish letters [of the
alphabet], [also: <hevrik> J (Hej)) (hevriki)
[Zerevan-Nudem/Zeb/GF/Hej] <lec; rik’>
hevriki f (). competition, rivalry; opposition,
resistance: *Em bi §anazi d serbilindi
245
H_
dibejin di gu cire u hevrrikiyet navxoye
da heta k§mtirin behr ji t§da nebflye (R 15
[4/12/96] p.2) We can proudly say that we had not
even the slightest part in any internal arguments or
rivalries •Holendiya deveren kendave li
rexe Irane girtin ft li dftmahika gerxe
hevde rikati ft hevrikiyeka dijwar ya
peyda bft di navbera Holendiya ft Ingiliza
ft Ferensiya (Metin 62[1997]:26) The Dutch took
the gulf regions on the Iranian side and by the end
of the eighteenth century, a fierce rivalry had
developed between the Dutch, the English, and the
French. [Zeb/Metin/GF/OK] cberekane; hevrik>
hevring Jj ^'aa f. (-a;-§). scissors or shears for
shaving wool off sheep, sheep shears, {also: abring;
abring; hevring (K/F/B); [hebrink] eh^A (JJ);
<hevring> Jj^£a (HH)) {syn: qilix II)
[S&E/Kg/A/IF/HH//F/K/B//JJ] <cawbir; meqes>
hevris ^^'aa m . (). juniper tree (A/IF); tree with
small spiked leaves that ignites quickly and
remains green after being cut (HH). | also: evrist
(IF); hevrist (IF-2); hevris (K); [avrest] (JJ);
cervist ^1/hevrist o~.^a> (HH)) {syn: merx)
<0 Ir *hamprsa- (Morg3): Av haparasi- f. ; Baluchi
apurs; P aris = 'juniper tree' /avirs =
'mountain cypress’; Sor hewris ^^aa = 'juniper
tree'. See: Georg Morgenstierne. “The Development
of R + Sibilant in Some Eastern Iranian
Languages,” Transactions of the Philological
Society of London (1948), 70-71, reprinted in:
Irano-Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, 1973), pp. 84-85, in which a K form avrist
= 'pine' is adduced (cf. JJ); M. Schwartz,
unpublished paper. [K//A//IF/JJ//HH]
hevrist o —^'aa (IF) = juniper tree. See hevris.
hevri§k J-ip'AA (IF) = dish consisting of bread toasted
in butter. See hevri§k.
hevring Jj^jaa (K/B) = shears for shaving wool off
sheep. See hevring.
hevris ^^aa (K) = juniper tree. See hevris.
hevri§im ^^'aa (IF/HH) = silk. See hevirmi§.
hevri§k JLxjjjaa m.(B/Msr)/f(K/JB3) (-§/; ). dish
consisting of bread toasted in butter (K/B/IF);
crushed bread fried in oil {T bulamag) (Msr); slice
of warm bread with butter, [tartine] (JJ). {also:
hevri§k (IF); hevro§k (Msr); [hewroujk] .J^4 a (JJ)}
{syn: big[i]rik (IF)} Cf. P afrose aftose =
'dish made of butter, honey, and flour; dish made
of egg yolk, milk, and syrup’ [K/JB3/B//IF//JJ]
hevro§k d%^AA (Msr) = dish consisting of bread
toasted in butter or oil. See hevri§k[2].
hevru§im ^j^jaa, f. (JB3) = silk. See hevirmi§.
hevs ^J'aa (Ba3-3) = prison. See Kebs.
hevsar jLJaa m. (-e; hevser, vi hevsari). 1) {syn:
busat; Text [3]; fi§me) halter, head-harness (for
horse] (JJ/IF); 2) { syn: dizgin; gem; qet’irme} reins
(K/B/JBl-A); reins placed on an unsaddled horse
(JB1-S); bridle (K/JB3/B). {also: hefsar (JBl-A&S);
hevsar (B); [hewsar] jLJa (JJ); <hefsar> jUiA (HH))
Cf. Av aiwisara- (Horn #97); Pahl afsar; P afsarjLil;
Sor hewsar jLjaa = 'bridle’; Za wesar m.
(Todd/Mal); cf. also of Iranian origin Arc afsara
X10EIX /afsira XT09X = '(horse’s) bit’
[Z-2/K/JB3/IF/JJ//JB1-A&S /HH//B] <dizgin; hesp;
zin>
hevsu = envious, jealous. See fievsftd.
hevsud (B) = envious, jealous. See Kevsftd.
hevsudi ^Jj^aa (B/YZ-1) = envy, jealousy. See
Kevsudi.
hev§ jLsoj* (GF/Hej) = sheep resting area. See hev§i.
m.(Kmc-8)/f(K){
• •
resting area for a flock of sheep: -hev§iye
berSspSdS (Kmc-8) sheep resting at daybreak;
~hev§iy§ hingori (Kmc-8) sheep resting at night.
{also: hev§ (GF); <hef§i> u yJub (HH); <hev§[i]>
[J^’aa (Hej)) {syn: hevez} [Kmc-8/K/Hej//HH//GF]
cberi I; palin; §evin>
hevudin q^aa = each other. See hev.
hevudi ^j^aa = each other. See hev.
• •
hevudu jJj^aa (JB3) = each other. See hev.
hevudu ^j^aa = each other. See hev.
hevftri ^jj^aa in. (). billy goat, male goat (IFb); one-
year-old male goat (JJ/TF); 1 1/2 - 2-year-old male
goat (GF); two-year-old male goat (HH); three-year-
old male goat (A/IFb). {also: evor (GF); hevor (IFb-
2/OK); [hewour] a (JJ); <hefuri> ^^iA (HH)}
[A/IFb/GF/TF//HH//JJ//OK//GF] <gisk; neri I; kur I
= sayis>
hew jaa adv. 1) polite , gentle negative : hardly,
scarcely, barely: •Kevir dileqe hew ci digire
(L) Once a rock starts moving, it cannot stand still
[prv.] «Mir dib£je: "Ko em yek§ ji xo
bidine, ji me bizewice, hew ji ba me dige,
w§ bimine li ba me" (ZK-3) The emir says, "If
we marry him off to one of our womenfolk, then
-ye/ ; ). nocturnal
246
instead of leaving us, he would stay with us [lit. 'he
would hardly leave us, [but rather] stay with us'];
-hew [me] dit (XF) [We] scarcely saw (him, etc.) ;
He vanished in a flash (used when s.o. seems to
vanish into thin air) ; -hew mabti [XF) almost,
nearly; hardly, scarcely, barely; -hew niheri (XF)
suddenly, unexpectedly [lit. '[We] hardly looked’];
-hew zanibti (XF) as if; it would seem: «Min
hew zanibti, ku tue heri (B) I thought (=it is as
if I knew) that you would go # Leyle g’e’v p§
k’et usa fiuba w§ gti cem, hew zanibti,
'Eyne dya Mecrtime (EP) As soon as Leyla laid
eyes on her. she loved her, as if she knew that
Ayna was Mejrum's mother; 2 ) no longer, not at
all, never (BX): -hew pi§tir (ZK-3) from now on:
•Hew pi§tir, ti negi ser deve hire (Z-3) From
now on you are not to go to (the mouth of) the
well. [Z-3/K/IF/B/XF/L/BX]
hew*a /’. (•a;»e/*ae). l) air; atmosphere:
•Hewa ot’axe giran e (B) The air in the room is
close *§ivan xwera nava kulilkada digerin,
bina hewa g’iyaye t’emiz dik , i§inin (Ba2:l,
p.203) Shepherds roam among the flowers.
breathing in pure mountain air; 2 ) weather;
climate: *Iro hewa xwe§ e (B) The weather is
nice today; 3) passion (SK/JJ). [also: [heva] (JJ);
<hewa> 1 ^jt> (HH)) < Ar hawa’ el= ’air'; Sor hewa
1j*a = air, weather, climate; tune' |F/K/JB3/IF/JJ/IIH|
hewal Jlj^ (SK) = friend, companion. See heval.
hewalini (SK) = friendship. See hevalti.
• •
hewan I (A/IF) = to seek shelter. See Kewin.
hewan II (TF) = to calm down. See Kewhan.
hewandin <jj(A/IF/JBl-A) = to lodge; to calm. See
Kewandin.
hewar (K/A/JJ/B) = call for help; funeral. See
hawar & hewari.
hewari f (-ya;-ye). 1 ) funeral, rites of burial;
#•
coming to the aid of the bereaved or those in
mourning: «Gava ku mir, tu dibeji ji bo gi
ne Tirk, ne ji Kurd ne hatine hewariya
wi? (Hevi 12-18.xii.98:9) When he died, why do
you think that neither Turks nor Kurds came to his
funeral?; 2 ) call for help. See hawar. ( also: hewar
(B- 2 )| [Frq/Xrz/B/Hevi]
hewas = desire, interest. See Kewas.
hewask’ar = amateur; interested; interesting.
See Kewask’ar.
hewayi adj. aerial, atmospheric: •CekS
••
emerikani § hewayi 30 ton bombe
berdane h£jageh§n Japona (RN) American
aerial forces dropped 30 tons of bombs on
Japanese targets. Cf. Sor hewayi ^\jAJt = 'aerial,
•»
pertaining to the air' [RN/K/IF] <hewa>
hewce (IFb/GF) = need. See fiewce.
hewdel (A/IFb/GF/TF) = dish made of boiled
grape syrup. See hewdel.
hewe 03 * jt (Bohtan/Bw/OK) = you (pi.) . See htin &
we.
hewes (IF) = desire, interest. See Kewas.
heweskar (IF/GF) = amateur; interested;
interesting. See Kewask’ar.
heweskari (IF) = interest. See Kewask’ari.
• •
hewe (IF) = co-wife. See hewi.
• m
hewi (A/IF) = co-wife. See h§wi.
• %
hewi J f. (-a;-e). attempt, try, effort, endeavor:
•Bi heviya u hewla avetina gaven
mezintir, em 101 saliya rojnamegeriya
Kurdistan§ li hemu hempi§eyen ti gel§
xwe piroz dikin (AW69D1) In hopes and
attempts to take bigger steps, we congratulate all
our colleagues and our people on the 101 st
anniversary of Kurdistani journalism «Ev hewi ji
aliye polisan ve hatiye berbendkirin
(AW71A6) This attempt has been banned by the
police: -hewi dan (IFb/GF/TF): a) to try,
attempt, make an effort: «Di v§ seminer§ de
Ha§im hewi da ku bersiva ve daxwaz8
bide (AW69D3) In this seminar, Hashim tried to
respond to this request *Dive ku kurd bi xwe
hewi bidin da ku bibin xwediyS welat§
xwe (AW71D5) The Kurds themselves must try to
take possession of their own country *Ez d§
hewi bidim, ku ji vir bi §tin ve alikariya
we bikim (AW69A3) I will try to help her from
now on; b) [f. (-a;-e).] attempt, try, effort: *Lewre
dive ji bo pe§vegtina rojnamegeren kurd,
em bikevin nava hewldaneke mezin
(AW70A2) Therefore for the advancement of
Kurdish journalists, we must make a great effort.
< Ar hawala III JjU = 'to try' [IFb/GF/TF/SS]
hewq (). rung (of a ladder) . (also: hewqa (?Haz);
Kewq (GF); <Hewq> (HH)] Cf. Syr huq jzojj
/hawqo Loo** = stairs’ & NENA hoqa Ldocji
(M aclean) & huqqa (Sabar: Diet) = 'rung of a ladder’
[?Haz//IFb//HH/GF] <p 5 estirk>
247
hewqa (?Haz) = rung (of a ladder) . See hewq.
hewqas = so much. See ewqas & haqas.
hewr (K[s]) = cloud. See 'ewr.
hewran I jl m. (). coat, overcoat, short coat
with broad, short sleeves: *Di kurk £ hewrane
xwe de razan (L) They went to sleep in their furs
and coats, {also: herwani (Qzl/Kmc-#3507);
hewrani (GF)) {syn;qap’ut) [L/K(s)/Qzl//GF]
hewran II (IFb) = poplar tree. See *evran.
hewrani (GF) = type of coat. See hewran I.
• •
hewraz jl ji**, f. (F/IFb) = slope; up. See hevraz.
hew§ (JB3/IF/A) = courtyard. See Bew§.
hewtin (AW) = to bark. See ‘ewtin.
hewy (SK) = moon. See hiv.
ft m
hewz J3 <Kjh (A/IF) = pool. See Bewz.
hey I conj. since, because, as long as: *Hey ez
hatime heyani ve dere, eze daxil bibim
nav bajer (L) Since I've come this far, I’ll enter
the city, [syn: madam) [L]
hey II -hey kirin (Bw) to kick out, expel.
[also: hay II: hay kirin (RZ)) [Bw//RZ]
heya L yjt> = until. See Beta & t’a IV.
heyam *jt> m. (-§; ). period of time, a while:
• Careke Beyame zivistane em gftne neg’ire
(B) Once during the winter we went hunting
•heyamek bft... (Bw) not too long ago *!na
be’de heyameki mela helsta da gite mala
kigekS (M-Ak: 686) After a while the mullah got
up to go to the girl’s house *Xwezika li gel
kompitura xwe ez ji xwe re di heyame
insanen §ikevtan de bijiyama. Qe nebe di
heyame wan de derde cil§u§tina wek iro
tunebft (LC, p.13) I wish that I lived in the time of
the cavemen, together with my computer. At least
in their time they didn't have the problems with
laundry that we have today, {also: heyam, f.[B]
(K/B/JBl-A)) {syn: bistek; keli [2]) <Ar ayyam pld =
days (pi. of yawm [Bw/M-Ak/IFb/JBl-S/GF/
TF/0K//K/B/JB1-A] <dem I>
heyani = until. See Beta & t’a IV.
• •
heyf Ub'Aj* (JB3/IF) = revenge; pity. See Beyf.
heyiri (JB3) = amazed; astray. See Beyri.
heyirin (L/JB3/IF) = to be astonished; to get
lost. See Beyrin.
*heyin q+j+a: -nave heyine (K/B) substantive
(noun). [(neol)K/B] <nav I[3]>
heyk’el/heykel [B] m./f.(F/B) ( ; /-§).
1) {syn: peyker) statue ; sculpture; monument; 2)
cabalistic writing (JJ). {also: heykel (B); hekel;
Beikel (F); <Kekel> (AX); [heikal] (JJ))
< Ar haykal Jil^; Sor heykel
[ AX/K/IF/JB 3 / JJ//F/B]
heyneyse interj. at any rate, in any case:
•Heyneyse, bi wi Besabi, ewana seknin
(EH) At any rate, with that understanding, they
stood... <T her neyse = ’whatever' [EH]
hey§et /. (-a;-e). densely populated
settlement, population center, town, city: *[Qenc
e ewe ku em evne bi ezmane §irin ft ISp
binine niva hey§ete] (JR #40,124) It is best to
lure them into town with sweet talk and guile.
{also: [heichet o~^Whech[i]t ^jt] (JJ); <hey§et>
(Hej)) { syn: bajar) Cf. Sor Be§imet
o^w^^/Be^amat = ’dense crowd of people’
(Hej) ?<Ar Vh-s-r = ’to be crowded, packed,
jammed together' [JR/K/JJ/Hej] <§en!>
hey§t o-ioyjb (A) = eight. See fiey§t.
he y§ tern *jt> (A) = eighth. See Bey§ta.
hey§te (A) = eighty. See Bey§te.
heyv (A/JB3/IF/BK/Zx/Czr/Bw) = moon; month.
See hiv.
heyvan (A) = leaven, yeast. See heven.
heyveron jjjiUbajfc (IFb) = moonlight. See hiveron.
heyw^j/ufc (SK) = moon. See hiv.
heywan I ^1^** /. (-a; ). reception hall, parlor,
well-ventilated room with three walls, looking onto
the central court of the house, where one sits
during the summer (JBl-S); lobby, foyer, vestibule;
patio, veranda: •Jinke Tabft, heywana qesra
mall (JB 1 -S #199, p.160) The woman got up and
swept the palace vestibule # Li gori hoteleke
Rojhilata Navin ft bajareki pigftk, ku em
paqijiye deynin aliyeki, hewana w§ ji ne
xerab bft (KS, p.57) For a small-town Middle
Eastern hotel, if we disregard cleanliness, its lobby
was not bad. {also: eywan (IFb); hewan (KS); [aivan
(jl^d/haivan (JJ); <eywan> (HH)) Cf. Ar
Iwan = ’ hall with columns, portico’; Sor
heywan = ’veranda’ [KS//A/JB1-S/GF/OK//
IFb/HH//JJ] <berbanik; bersifk; diwanxane; sivder>
heywan II (JB3/IFb/GF) = animal. See Beywan.
hez hez kirin (A/JB3/IFb/OK) = to love. See Bez.
hezar Jjojtnum. thousand, 1,000. {also: hizar (SK);
Bezar (K/B/F); [hezar] (JJ); <hezar> (HH)}
[Pok. gh6slo- 446.] ’thousand’: Skt sa-hdsram (<sm-
248
gheslom = 'one thousand'); Av hazaiaram; Sgd z’r
[zar]; Mid P hazar (M3); P hazar j!>a; Sor hezar
J j<*a; Za hezar (Mal)/hezar (Todd); Hau hezar (M4)
[A/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK//F/K/B//SK]
hezelk (Bw) = raised platform. See herzal.
Heziran ^jaa (A/IFb/GF/OK) = June. See Heziran.
hezirani (IF) = type of pear. See Rezirani.
he adv. still, yet: •Ew sibe bd h§jka zdbd (EP-
♦ ♦
8) It was morning, still early •Herge derbaz bu
- he jarim ez (J) If it passes through, [then] I'm
still thin •Ro hatye, nivro, ew he haj xwe
t’uneye (Dz) Day has dawned, noon has passed,
she still hasn't budged/woken up »§eher t’emam
Tazaye, hun he Ri§iyarin? (Z-922) The entire
city has gone to sleep, you (pi.) are still awake?
\also: hej (K/JB3/SK-2/OK); heja II (B); heji (Wit);
hejka (EP-8); hejta (JBl-A); he§ka (EP-7); he§ta
(JBl-A-2/SK/OK/Bw); (heij ;aa/ heija Ijaa/ heijam
jJjua] (JJ); <hej> Jaa (HH)| {syn: hila II; hina) Sor
he§ta L^ tu'ivi3X/i«VDx/n*v/KVjBn//jj/i ii i//i3//avh//l:p-h//
EP-7//] 131 -A/SK/OK/Bw]
hec^lA (TF) = furious, mad. See Keg’,
hecet a (Bw/OK) = grounds, excuse. See hencet.
heg^lA (GF)/Heg’ (K) = furious, mad. See Keg 5 ,
hegandin ^aUIa vt. (-hegin-). to test, try out: »Ka
were, em biheginin mirov gawa §er bike
(BM, p.10) Gome on, let’s test how one fights, {syn:
ceribandin) cheg/liig = 'not at all', cf. T voklamak
= 'to examine, inspect' < vok = 'there is not;
nonexistent' ((neol)BM/IFb/TF/OK]
hedan ^IaIa (K) = patience; rest, calm. See hedan.
hedi ^aIa adj./adv. 1) slow(ly): -hejdi-hedi
(K/A/JB3/IF) very slowly/quietly; 2) quiet(ly);
soft(ly) (SK). {also: edi ka (L); hedika (L/IF-2/B-2);
hid!; [heidi] ^a^a (JJ); <hedi> ^AsA (HH)) <Ar hadi‘
^jIa = 'calni' [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/
GF/TF/OK]
hedika l £>XLst (L/IF/B) = slow(ly); quiet(lv). See hedi.
hej ylA (K/JB3/JJ) = still, yet. See he.
h§ja I ly^A adj. 1) worth, equal to (the value of) :
•Heja bdne gar bra hevra xeberda (EP-7)
They were like (=equal to) four brothers talking
together •Her kitSbek hejaye gar maneta (B)
Every book costs four rubles *Eva k’iteba gi
h£jaye? (B) What does this book cost?; What is
this book worth? »Ev Fembur qimete we
gende, h£jaye? Go: Wella, ev t’embdr
h&jaye panzde z&re (JB1-S, #216) How much is
this tembur worth? He said, "By God, this tembur
is worth fifteen gold pieces"; 2) {syn: layiq [2]; stel)
worthy, deserving: *Tu merxaseki hejayi (Z-l)
You are a worthy man; 3) {syn: ’eziz; xwe§tivi}
dear, precious; costly, expensive:
•Xwendevanen heja! (Ber) Dear readers!; 4) of
good quality, {hejayi} [EP-7/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JBl-S/
GF/TF]
heja II lylA (B/JJ) = still, yet. See he.
*hejageh A^ylA m. Q. important military position
or target (K): •Ceke emerikani § hewayi 30
ton bombe berdane hSjagehen Japona (RN)
American aerial forces dropped 30 tons of bombs
on Japanese targets. [RN/K]
hejayi ^ IjIa f. (). 1) value, worth; 2) merit, virtue.
[Z-i/K/A/JB3/IF] cheja I>
hejde oa£a (GF) = eighteen. See Rijdeh.
heji ^aa (Wit) = still, yet. See he.
hejir ^>ylA (HB/BX/IFb/B/Kmc-2) = fig. See hejir.
hejka 15 jaa (EP-8) = still, yet. See h§.
hejmar jLjaa (Ber) = number; issue (of a journal) . See
hejmar.
hejmartin jGylA (IF) = to count. See hejmartin.
hejta bylA (JBl-A) = still, yet. See he.
hek JZjt f./hek’ in. [JBl-A] (-a/;-§/). egg. {also:
helik[3] (SK); [heik hi ^ (JJ); <hek> JLa
(HH)} [Pok. auei- 86.] 'bird' -> [*owyo-/* ayo-
/*owo-] 'egg': Av *avaya-; P xaye aU. =
'testicle(s)'; Sor helke aSIIIa; Za hak m. = 'egg;
testicle’ (Todd/Mal); Hau hele m. = 'egg' (M4)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK//SK]
<helik; miri§k; spilik I; zerik II>
hekel J^SIa = statue. See heyk’el.
hekerun ,^j*£lA/hekerdn *£1 a[B] f (
fried eggs, omelette, {also: hekrun (AD)) {syn:
sewike heka) Sor helke-w-ron q^aSIIIa
[K/IFb/B/GF/TF//AD}
hekesor ^ClA f. ( ;-e). Easter: -cejna h§kesor§
(RZ-2) do.: *Bihar bd; nezik! ce§na
hekesorebu (Nudem 29 [1999], "Kegika
Misilman," p.15) It was springtime, it was almost
Easter time, {also: [heik-a sor] ^ 3 -IsIa (JJ)}
[Nudem/RZ//JJ]
hekrun (AD) - fried eggs. See h&kerdn.
hel I JIa f (). strength, force, might, {also: Kel (JB1-
S)} {syn: hez; qedum [2]; qewat; zexm [2]; zor I)
[BK//JB1-S]
249
hel II m. (Ad/Wr)/f.(K/JB3) (-e/;). 1) \syn: ali;
k’elek; teni§t; teref) side, direction; 2) country;
province; district; surroundings (K/IFb/JB3).
[Ad/Wr/K/JB3/IFb/TF]
helan I (K[s]/JBl-A&S/M/Bw) = to leave, let; to
allow. See hi§tin.
helan II (A) = swing. See helekan.
helanek (IF) = swing. See h£lekan.
helecan (K) = swing. See helekan.
heleg’an (B) = swing. See helekan.
helekan Ia> f. [ ;-e). 1) \syn: colan; deydik;
dolidang I; hezok) swing; 2 ) catapult (HH). laiso:
helan II (A); helanek; helecan (K); heleg’an (B-2);
<helikan> j£LA (HH)| [IF/B//HH//A]
hdlik JilA f./m.(Msr) ( /-e; ). 1) | syn: bati; gun; fitil
II) testicles, scrotum; 2) [syn: g’ug’ik I[3] (Msr) =
baby boy’s; kir; tefik [2]; xir (Msr)) penis (Msr):
•h§lk ft gunik (Msr) penis and testicles, cock and
balls; 3) egg (SK). See hek. |aiso: [hilik] J-La (JJ);
<helik> <J_La (HH)) Cf. Sor helke a£11a = ’egg’
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/TF/Msr] <hek; kir; fitil II>
heli§tin q^sJIa (Czr) = to leave, let; to allow. See
hi§tin.
h£li ^^IIa f- (-ya; ). mirror, {also: hell I (Bg); hili
(IFb)} {syn: 'eynik; nenik I; qoti I) < Arm hayeli
^umjfcLh = ’mirror’ [Krg//Bg//IFb]
h£lin ^IIa f (-a;-e). (bird’s) nest: •Qlwik di ser
helina xwe de ye (L) The sparrow is in [lit. 'on']
its nest, i also: heling; helun (F); [hiloun /hilin
^^La] (JJ) ) Cf. P lane Sor helane Za
halen/halin m. (Mai); Hau helane m. (M4)
[Ad/L/K/JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/OK//F//JJ]
heling JLALa = nest. See helin.
helk JLLIa = penis. See helik[2].
helm jJIa (F) = steam; breath. See hilm.
helun (F) = nest. See helin.
hencet /. (-a; ). 1) occasion, cause, grounds
(for) ; 2) pretext, excuse: -bi hgnceta ... (K) on
the pretext of, on a plea of: *Doz bi hinceta ku
bi riya gapemeniye propagandeya
parvekariy§ li diji Tirkiyey6 hatiye kirin
vebftye (Wit 2:103, p.8) The trial was opened on
the pretext that separatist propaganda against
Turkey was being made through the press *Her
Toj Mela 'Ebbas bi heceta dest-niweje ji
medresS digft mala Haci (SK 15:146) Every
day Mullah Abbas would go from the school to the
Haji's home on the pretext of perfoming his ritual
ablutions, {also: hecet (SK); hecet (Bw/OK-2); hicet
(OK); hincet (Wit); [heidjet] ccto. (JJ); <Kecet>
w
ccta (HH)) <Ar hujjah = 'argument, pretext,
plea'; = Sorbiyanu^L, [SW/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//
OK//SK//Wlt//B w//JJ/HH]
henijin vi. (-henij-). 1) ( syn: p’onijin[l]} to
doze, slumber (K/A/B/IF/OK): *Nobegi li ber
dev§ deri sekini ye ft dihenije (L) The guard
on duty was stationed by the door, dozing; 2)
{also: honijin (OK)) | syn: bawi§in (M-Am)) to yawn
(JJ); 3) | syn; behnijin; pekijin) to sneeze (K/F). {also:
[henijin ^ j-ob/ hounijin ^ jp^a] (JJ))
[L/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/OK]
h£nik ulLIa adj. cool, fresh: »Derva henike (B) IPs
cool outside »Du tas dew§ henik diani
datani ber me (Alkan, 71) She would bring two
glasses of cool buttermilk and place them before
us. {also: hin III (Bw/OK-2); hinik (IFb-
2/GF/TF/SK); honik (K[s]/IFb/JB3); [hounek
|*note: incorrectly glossed as fraicheur =
'coolness, freshness’) /henik/hlnik «JLu_a] (JJ);
<henik> c^L^a (HH)) Cf. P xonak Sor fenik
JjZj = ’cool’; Za honik (henikahi; henikai;
henikayi; heniki; honikahi; honikayi; [hounekai]
(JJ) } [F/K/A/IFb/B/HH/OK//JJ//K(s)/JB3/IFb//
SK/GF/TF//Bw]
henikahi ^yfcbClA (IF) = coolness. See henikayi.
henikai ^bClA (F) = coolness. See henikayi.
• •
h@nika»yi ^1 £l1a f. ( ;»ye). coolness, freshness.
{also: henikahi (IF); henikai (F); heniki (IF);
honikahi (BX/IFb); honikayi (K[s]); [hounekai]
^ISj^a (JJ)} Sor fenikayi ^(£^3 = 'cool, cool place'
& feniki - ’cool[ness]’ [K/B//IFb//B//BX//K(s)/JJ]
<henik>
heniki (IF) = coolness. See henikayi
heran jiy^b/heran j5yLA [JBl-A] vt (-h§r-/-h&r-
[JBl-A]). to grind, crush: *Hi§en qaze ... "Gelo
ev zalim e min gito bixwe, gawa
daqultine; § min bi careke ve di hindir
deve xwe ye mezin de, bi dirane xwe yen
tHj bihere" (§BS-W,9) The goose's thoughts ... "I
wonder how this tyrant will eat me, how he will
swallow me; will he grind me up all at once inside
his huge mouth, with his sharp teeth?” {also:
herandin (JB3/GF-2/OK); herin (OK-2/GF-2); herin
(IFb); heft’in (JBl-A-2); [hiran] jl^A (JJ); <heran>
(j)_>^-A (HH)) Sor harin[ewe] U 3 <v].ujlA/h@rin
(Pijdar); Hau hafay (har-) vt. (M4) [F/K/A/B/HH/
250
H
JBl-A/GF/TF/BK//JB3/OK//IFb/JJ] <dan II;
danherk; destar>
herandin (JB3/GF/0K) = to grind. See heran.
herati (J>)f (-ya;-ye). women's brightly colored
headscarf: »H§ratiya serft wft §iqiti bft (Zerin
Tek:RN2 56[1998] 6) Her headscarf had fallen off
•Pa§ ku§tina Sevdin, Zeze ... heratiya re§
da ser§ xwe (Zerin Tek:RN2 56[1998] 6) After
Sevdin was killed, Zazeh ... put a black headscarf
on her head. I also: erat’i (K-2)} [Zerin Tek/K/B]
<Hibri; k’itan; k’ofi; lag’ik; p’o§i; t’emezi>
herifandin (-herifin-) (IFb/OK) = to demolish.
See herivandin.
heri§ (Bw) = attack. See eri§.
herivandin vt. (-herivin-). to demolish,
knock down, destroy, tear down; to do away with:
•Ew lata te xwest ji bin! de bihftrivine [sic]
w£ be herivandin (Wit 2:59, p.7) That boulder
which you wanted to demolish from the bottom up
will be demolished, {also: heraftin (SK); herifandin
(GF/Frq); herifandin (-herifin-) (IFb/OK)} | syn:
hilwe§andin) [Wlt/TF//IFb/OK//GF/Frq//SK]
herin qjjIa (IFb)/herin (OK/GF) = to grind. See
hftran.
hero 1\ ( ;-e). hollyhock, rose mallow, hot.
Althea rosea ; marshmallow, bot. Althea officinalis :
-gula hftroe (Bw) do. {also: herft (A/TF); hiro
(IFb-2); [hirou/ehru (G)/hiro (PS)] (JJ); <heru>
(HH)} Sor hero a = 'hollyhock'
[Bw/K(s)/IFb/OK//A/HH/TF//JJ]
hers 1* f. (-a;-e). anger, wrath, fury, ire: -hersa
fk’G hatin (Ks) to get angry at s.o. (rev. constr.) :
•H^rsa Meme geleki hat (FK-eb-1) Mem got
very angry; -le hers bun = a) to be or get angry
at: *Hftn gima li Meme hire me hers dibin?
(Z-l) Why are you getting angry at our brother
Mem?; b) to get excited, nervous, upset, {also: hersi
(F-2); herz (A/OK-2); [hyrs/ hirs] ^^ (JJ)} {syn:
c ern; k’erb [2}} < Ar hirs ^= ’zeal’
[Z-l/Ks/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//A//JJ]
hersi (F) = anger; grudge. See hers,
heft’in qj (JB1-A) = to grind. See heran.
heriijy^lA (A/TF/HH)= hollyhock. See hero,
hftrftg f. (). 1) I syn: hilu I; incas} plum; 2)
i also: arung (Kmc-2); hirog (IFb)} {syn: mi§mi§;
qeysi; zerdeli) * apricot (IFb). j also: arung (Kmc-2);
eruk(GF); hirog (IFb); [eruk] Jjjl (JJ-Lx)} <T erik =
’plum' [DZK//JJ//IFb] <aluge; dembul; §ilor>
herve 4adv. on or to this side, this direction,
hither: •Hirve dar ft weve dar / ye di nave
da seye har [xencer e] (AZ #3, p.73) Wood on
this side and wood on that / what's in the middle is
a rabid dog [rdl.: ans.: it's a dagger]; -ji ft-I ft
herve (Bw) this side of [T -den beri; clq Ar min ...
u-la-jay ... <j-o]: *ji cisri ft herve (Bw) this
side of the bridge *ji ftrwe wftwe (SK) from here
to there, {also: erwe (SK); heve (Dh); hirve (Bw-2);
<hirve 4 >*/hire o^jt> (HH)} [Bw//HH/AZ//SK]
<weve>
herz (A/OK) = anger; grudge. See hftrs.
hesa LZjt adj. 1) quiet, peaceful, calm (K): -hesa bftn
(B): a) to rest, relax {syn: ves girtin (Ad)}: *lzna
cariya ji da, weki ew ji herin xwefa hftsa
bin (Z-l) She also gave the maidservants
permission to go take a rest; b) to be or become
easy; -hesa kirin (K) to make easier, facilitate:
• Van hemft ti§ta §uxule wani getin hftsa
nedikir (Ba2:l, p.204) All these things did not
make their hard work easier; 2) {syn: bi sanahi;
sivikl easy, simple (F/K/B/IF). See asan. {also:
hesan I; hesan (IFb/GF/TF/OK); [asan] jU (JJ)) Cf.
P asan rfj = 'easy' [Z-l/F/K/B//IFb/GF/TF/OK]
hesan qLZj* (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = quiet; easy. See asan &
hesa.
hesan! I (JB3/HH) = easy. See asan.
hesani II (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = ease. See asani.
hesir (Z-l/Dyd/Qnr/Kp/Srk) = tears. See hftstir I.
hesir I n?. (). 1) (syn: dil; girt! [2]} prisoner (of
war] , captive; 2) slave (K/B); 3) [adj.] {syn: reben)
poor, wretched, miserable: *Zine tftyi, hftsir,
p’ofkur Memo ezim (Z-3) You are Zin,
miserable, headshaven, [and] I am Mem. {also:
exsir (JB1-S); exsir (SK); [hisir] _s~Jb (JJ); <hesir>
(HH)} < Ar aslr = 'prisoner'; Sor yexsir
[Z-3/K/IF/B/HH//JJ//JB1-S//SK]
hesir II (Wn) = tears. See hftstir I.
hestik (SK/Zeb) = bone. See hesti.
hestir I pl./f.(JBl-S) tear(s) (water falling from
the eyes while crying) . {also: esir (L); hesir (Z-
1/Dyd/Qnr/Kp/Srk); hesir II (Wn); histerik (Klk);
hestir (Grc/Btm); hesir (Erg); sterik (Haz); sterkll
(Msr)) [syn: foni II[2] (Hk); siri§k (K-2)) Cf. O Ir
*asru(ka)—> Middle P ars / sreSk—> P a§k
JbT/siriSk Sor esrin - firmesk
Za hers f. (ToddJ/hesri/hesir f. (Mai)
251
[F/K/A/JB3/JBl-S/Czr//L//Z-l/Dyd/gnr/Kp/Srk//
Wn//Klk//Grc/Btm// Erg//Haz//Msr]
h§stir II m.(K)/f.(JB3/IF/SK) Q. mule: •He§tir
radibin hev, hestir u ker bin lingen wan
de digin (BX) When camels fight, mules and
donkeys perish under their feet [prv.[ {also: hister
(IF-2); histir (IF-2)) [syn: exte; qant’ir) Cf. P astar
~ 'mule' < *asp-tar: asp = ’horse' + -tar = -er
(suffix for comparative degree) : 'more like a
horse’; Sor estir /hestir cf. also Za istor
f. = ’horse, mare 1 (Todd); Hau hesere f. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IF/SK/Hk/Czr/Grc/Kp/Btm/Msr/ Haz/ZxJ <hesp;
k’er III; k’ufik; mak’er; zirin>
hestir III = camel. See Ke§tir.
hestirvan (K) = camelherd. See he§tirvan.
hesu (FK-kk-2&3) = tent flap. See he§i.
he§ (jZJt, m. (K) = tent flap. See h£§i.
he§andin (K) = to prepare (meat) . See
he§andin.
he§in g^ixlfc (A) = green; blue. See he§in.
h§§i f. (-ya;-ye). 1) outer flap of tent
««
(K/A/IF/JJ); back part of a tent which touches the
ground (B): •Beyrim he§iya kon hilgaft (L)
Beyrim lifted up the outer side/flap of the tent; 2)
fringe, ornamental border made of threads (IF).
{also: hesu (FK-kk-2&3); he§, m. (K); hi§i (IF-2);
[heichi] (JJ) j Cf. Ar hasiyah = ’border,
edge’ [L/A/IF/JJ/B//K//FK-kk-2&3] <[1] kon; xevet;
[2] gufik; ri§i>
he§in (Z-l/K/B) = green; blue. See he§in.
he§inati (K) = greenness; vegetation. See
he§inati.
he§inayi (B) = greenness; vegetation. See
he§inati.
he§ka \SjlL& (EP-7) = still, yet. See he.
he§nai (F) = greenness; vegetation. See
he§inati.
he§nayi (K) = greenness; vegetation. See
he§inati.
he§ta Lixl* (JBl-A/SK/OK/Bw) = still, yet. See he.
he§tir yJZ.jt (JB3/IFb/GF/OK) = camel. See fie§tir.
he§tirvan jU;(GF/OK) = camelherd. See
he§tirvan.
h§t f (-a;-£). thigh, haunch; thigh of animal (cf
Tan/rehn = thigh of humans) (Bw); leg of mutton
(JJ): •Gule heta wida hase buye (B) The bullet
got stuck [or, was lodged] in his thigh, {also: [hit]
(JJ)} {syn: kulimek; fan; tilor I) <0 Ir *haxti-
(A&L p. 88 [X, 6] + note 4 (p. 100); Av haxti-; Skt
sakthi- n. (Tsb2, 15); Sgd ‘yt [ayd]; Oss ayd; Za het-
i f (Mai) [F/K/IFb/B/GF/Bw/Zx//JJ] <k’emax>
hetim (M-Ak) = orphan. See et’im.
heton (K) = limekiln. See h§tdn.
hetfin f ( ;-e). 1) limekiln: •Hettin ji halo
te §ewitandin: Havine, wexte g’ilo qewin
dibe, xurde xwe Hazir dikin. Pi§tra, dest
bi hetdne dikin, Kti hettin temam bti, we
xurde xwe Kemul k§enine ber hetune (HR-I,
1:23-26) This is how the limekiln is used [lit.
’burnt']: In summer, when the shrubbery is dense,
they prepare their kindling wood. Then, they start
the limekiln. When the limekiln is ready, they drag
all their kindling wood to the limekiln; 2) (fig.) a
very hot place, hell (OK) [hetiin]; intense heat (JJ)
[heltoun]: •Sor im wek etftn (IFb) Pm as red as
an oven; Pm as hot as hell, {also: athn (A/IFb/GF);
etun (IFb-2/GF-2); etun (Bw/IFb-2/TF/OK-2); heton
(K-2); veytun (GF-2); [heltoun (j^^Wetun { j s p\
<sic>] (JJ); <atun> ^TfHH)} <Arc atuna K11BK =
’fireplace, stove' ~> Ar at(t)un = 'kiln, furnace,
oven'. K gives meanings 'coal, brand; ashes'
[HR-I/K/OK/RF//Bw/JJ/TF//A/IFb/HH/GF] <k’ils>
hevari (M-Ak) = evening. See evar.
hevde (GF) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
heve (Dh) = on this side. See herve.
h§ven qIaIa m. (-e; ). ferment, leaven; yeast: -
havin girtin (B) to ferment (vi.) (of milk
products): *§ir havin girtye (B) The milk has
fermented; -hevene masti (Bw) yoghurt “starter.”
{also: haveyn (IFb-2/GF-2/TF/OK); haven (K-2/GF);
havin ( ; hevin/haven) (B); hey van (A);
[hawin/hewin] c j^Aib(JJ)) (syn; hevirtir§] Sor hewen
= 'leaven'; Za amin (Todd/Mal)/amen (Mai),
m. = 'starter (for making yoghurt) '
[Bw//IFb/TF/OK//K/GF//B//A//JJ] <hevir; mast>
hevi§andin ^jjL_cIj&(F/IF) = to spare. See hev§andin.
hevi lj £js f (-ya;-y§). 1) {syn: gare (F); guman (F);
iman (F); itbar (F); omid (F)| hope: -hevi kirin -
to hope (see also [3] below): *Ez h6vi dikim = I
hope; 2) waiting; expectation: -hiviy§ bfin/man/
sekinin (K) to wait for, await, expect: •T’emam
hiviya Meme delal bdn (Z-l) They were all
waiting for darling Mem; -li hiviya fk-S/ft-t
man = to wait for: *Li heviya hev man (BX)
They waited for each other; 3) (syn: lavahi; limej;
Peweqe) prayer; request: -je h§vi kirin = to
252
H
request, beg: *Ji te hevi dikim = I beg you;
please; 4) name of a Kurdish journal published in
Paris, {also: hivi (F/K/B/JBl-A); hiwi (SK); [hiwi]
^ (JJ); <he[f]i> C5 ^ (HH)} Cf. P omld a^J -> T
limit; Sor hiwa [A/JB3/IFb/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK//
F/K/B/JB1-A//JJ//SK//HH] <guman>
hevidar j)a^aL& adj. 1) hopeful: # Em hevidarin ku
xwendawaren me ... (DM) We hope that our
readers ... *Ez hividarim (K) I hope; 2)
expectant; waiting for. [also: hividar (K)) Sor
hiwadar [DM/K/A/IF]
h§v§andin ^ajIaaLa vt. (-hev§in-). to spare,
(be)grudge, use sparingly often used in the
negative: # Qet gilya nehev§ine (Ba3-3, #21)
Don’t mince words «Te gilie rast nehev§ini/
(Ba3-3, #21) Don’t spare true words [=don’t refrain
from speaking the truth]; -qeweta xwe
nehevi§andin (F) not to spare one’s strength.
I also: hevi§andin (F/IF); hew§andin (K);
[heouchandin ^AiU^/hevichin (JJ))
[Ba3/Rwn//F/IF//K/JJ]
hewan (KS) = reception hall; foyer. See heywan
I.
hewirandin vt. (-hewirin-). 1) | syn:
Hewandinl to place, accomodate, put up (guests );
to [cause io) stop: •Meme navda dihewrine
(EP-7) She placed Mem among [the mattresses]: 2)
to calm, soothe, silence (a crying child) (Zeb/Hej).
{also: [everandin] yy)_#) (JJ))
[EP-7/K/JB3/IFb/GF/Zeb/Hej//JJ] <hewirm>
hewirg*e ofjKy £ ( # a; # e). abode, residence, {also:
ewirge; hewirgeh (B-2)| [svn: mek’an [2]) IL’P-h/k/bi
hewirgeh Ia (B) = abode. See hewirge.
hewirin vi. (-hewir-). 1) to make a halt,
stopover (on a trip) , stop to rest (K/IFb/JJ/B): *Col
ft basta digeriya, / Li ci-wara ne hewiriya
(EP-8) He roamed over desert and plain, he
stopped at no campsite *Teyr li dare
dihSwirin (IF) The birds alight on the tree: 2) to
stay, live, dwell (JB3). | also: [everin] (JJ))
[EP-8/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/B] <hewirandin; lie win; qonax>
h§wi f. (-ya;-y§). co-wife (in a polygynous
household) ; term of address between co-wives [cf.
*
Ar dirrah o T kuma; P havu^]. {also: he we
(IF-2); hewi (A/IF); [hewou^/ hewi ^yjb/hevi
(_$$*>] (JJ); <hewi> (HH)) jsyn: berbft [3]) Skt
sapatnl /; O Ir *hapa0nl- < ha- = ’with’ + paeni- =
’wife’: Av hapaenl-; Sgd pn’nc (-’nc is suffixal);
Southern Tati dialects: Chali hova = ’co-wife’
(Yar-Shater); Shughni dbin; Pashto ben; Baluchi
awox/(h)afox; P havu^jfc; Sor hewe Za
■ «
wesni f (Mai). See #50. hapOk in: G.
Morgenstierne. “Notes on Balochi Etymology,”
Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap , 5 (1932), 47,
reprinted in: Irano-Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr.
Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1973), p.158.
[Kg/MK/K/JJ/B//A/IF/HH] <jinbav>
hew§andin ^a^U^IaCK) = to spare. See hev§andin.
hez yjt f. (-a; ). l) |srn: hel I; qedum [2]; qewat;
zexm [2]; zor I) power, force (K/IF/JJ): # T§ko§ina
rizgariye hez dive (Ber) Striving for freedom
requires force; -hez u tehn (Zeb) energy, power;
2) brigade (JB3/IF). {also: [heiz] (JJ))
[Ber/K/JB3/IF/JJ] <bihez>
hezar J\yjt f. (-a; ). bridal veil (K[s]/Z-3). {also: hizar
(Z-3)) I syn: xeli I) Sor hizar Jyj* = 'headband tied
around a woman’s headdress' [Z-3//K(s)/IF] <gadir
[1]; garik [2]; gar§ev [1]; doxe>
liezing I Jiyk* = firewood. See ezing.
hezing II (K) = sigh. See Rezing,
hezok f. (). swing, children’s playground
accoutrement, {syn: colan [2]; deydik; dolidang I;
helekan) [Zeb/Bar/Dh/GF/OK]
hibri (Ceylanpinar) = girl's headscarf. See Kibrl.
hicet (OK) = grounds, excuse. See hencet.
hicran q) (K/IF) = separation; reason; insult. See
hecran.
highar (JB3/IFb/OK) = red pepper. See Kigfiar.
hid! ^aa = slow(ly); quiet(ly). See hedi.
• %
hijandin qX>) yt (M/SK) - to shake, rock (vt) ; to
brandish. See Rejandin.
hijir (Bw/SK) = fig. See hejir.
hijirk’ (JBl-A) = fig. See hejir.
hijmartin yjLyt (M) = to count. See hejmartin.
hik’ayet = tale. See Rekyat,
liikftmat (IFb) = government. See Kuk’umet.
hikftmet (IFb/TF) = government. See
Ruk’umet.
hik’yat ^LSj* = tale. See Rekyat,
bila I Ya = Come on! See hela I.
hila II U* adv. 1) i syn: he; hina) still, yet: • Ferik
lawo, miqati Sftsike be, ewe hela big’ftke,
dibe biweste, pa§da bimine, bixalife, tu
dur nek’eve, all we bike (Ba2:2, p.206) Ferik
my son, take care of Susik, she is still small,
perhaps she will get tired, fall behind, [or] get lost;
253
you stay close to her [lit. 'don’t fall far from her'],
help her; 2) [+ neg.] not yet, still not: *Hela tave
nedabfi Keg’dd g’iya (Ba2:l, p.204) The
sunlight had not yet touched the mountain peaks
•tisibi xame, hila t’u ctyada negtiye (Ba)
Joseph is inexperienced, he hasn't gone anywhere
yet [on a trip], [also: hela II (F/K/B)) Cf. T hala
[Ba/F/K/B]
hilandin (Qzl) = to melt. See lielandin.
hil»an!n [^li Ja] vt. (hil[t]in-). 1) {syn:
hildan) to pick up, lift; to remove, take away [Fr
soulever, oter, brandir] (BX/K/A/JB3/IF): •Aqile
xwe ji duwd rep hilina (Dz) She got her
"brains" (=took her cue/learned her lesson) from
the [wolfs] protruding tail [proverbial saying, cf.
",the lion's share"] *£el kele§ bi xwe re
helanine (L) They took with them forty brigands
•Ewa td ktiz dibe, t 5 e§id hiltine (J) She
comes [and] stoops over, [and] picks up the distaff
•Konaxek helanf d yek dani (L) He
completed one day's traveling, and started out
again the next morning [lit. 'He picked up one
stage of the trip and put one down'] [Au bout de
deux etapes] •Meme sere xwe ji xewa §!rin
hiltine, / Husul-cemaleke p’a§la xweda
divine (EP-7) Mem awakes [lit. 'lifts his head']
from sweet sleep / He sees a beauty in his arms;
-gunehe fk-e hilanin = to take on respon¬
sibility [for causing s.o.'s death]: *Ez ber
mirazim, ez te nakujim, gund te
hilnaynim (Z-l) I've gotten what I want, I won’t
kill you, I won’t take on the responsibility [for
killing you] *Welatd me ddr e ez gunehe we
hilneynim (L) Our country is far, I don’t want to
be responsible for you (=for your life); -jd Keyf
hilanin = to avenge, take revenge on: »Eze te
bikujim, beyfa have xwe ji te hilinim! (L)
I'll kill you, I’ll take revenge on you for my
father[’s death]; -miri hilanin (IF) to bury the
dead [syn: binax kirin; ve§artin [2]); -sifre
hilanin (IF) to clear the table; 2) to keep, save,
preserve (IF): »Min pare yd xwe hilani (IF) I
saved my money; -hilanin zivistane (IF) to save
for the winter; 3) to brandish (a sword) (JJ): •Emd
sorania hilinin (FK-eb-2) We will brandish
swords, [also: helanin (L/JBl-A); hel inan (SK);
hilinan (Dz); [hil-anin] (JJ); <hilanin
(hiltine) (*~Ha)> (HH)i [bx/k/a/JB3/if/jj/hh/
JBl-S/GF/TF/OK//L/JBl-A//SK//Dz]
hilatin (y'i* (IF/B/OK) = to rise (the sun, etc.) . See
hilhatin.
hilavistin (GF) = to hang up. See hilawistin.
hilawistin (OK) = to hang up. See hilawistin.
hil*awistin c yc~ r > 3 YA vt. (hil-awis-/-hilawis-[Bw]).
to hang (up): *§i§ek li wi mild wi da, yd
rastd da, yd gepe derexist, hilawist bi xani
ve (M-Zx #750) He stuck a spit through his right
shoulder, bringing it out at the left, and hung him
up in the house, [also: helawistin (SK); hilavistin
(GF); hilawistin (OK); [hil-awistin] (JJ);
<hilawistin> (HH)) (syn: daliqandin; darda
v
kirin; raxistin) Sor helawasin = 'to hang
up' [Bw/IFb/HH//JJ/OK//SK//GF//TF]
hil*bijartin vt (hil-bijer-). 1) to elect,
vote into office; 2) to choose, select; 3) [f (-a;-d).]
election: »Di vi babeti de hilbijartina
serokatiya Ame[r]ika geleki balkd§ e.
Hilbijartine hinek Kurd ti dewleta Tirk
kire du §eq (Wit 1:37=38, p.2) In this respect the
American presidential election is very interesting.
The election split the Kurds and the Turkish state
into two factions, [also: helbijartin (IFb-2/TF)} Cf.
Y
Sor helbijardin = 'select, elect; election
(EM)’ [Wlt/IFb/GF//TF]
hilbirandin (K[s]/F/B) = to lift. See hilbirln.
hiNbirin vt. (hil-bir-). to lift, pick up (a
person)] to raise, cause to rise (lamp wick, etc.)
(IFb); to remove (GF): »Gundd me da keseki
dil nedikir wlra gula§ bigirta, le weki
ni§keva yeki dil bikira, ewi ew hildibiri
jore d, weki zirard nedd, fesal dadani ser
pi§te (Ba2:l, p.204) In our village no one would
dare to wrestle with him, but if suddenly someone
were to dare, he would pick that person up and, so
as not to harm him, carefully put him on his back
•Zind d caria hevra hilbirin (EP-7) Z. and
her maidservants lifted [M. out of the dungeon by
pulling on a rope tied around his waist], [also:
helbirin (IFb); hilbirandin (K[s]/F/B)} {sj^n;bilind
kirin; hilanin; hildan) [EP-7/K/GF//IFb///F/K(s)/B]
hil»btin (jss-J-A vi. (hil-b-). 1) to ascend, rise (e.g.,
of dust, smoke): *Min hilbflye t’oz d xubara
van keriyaye (Z-l) The dust of these flocks [of
sheep] rose up [over] me; 2) to catch fire (JJ); to go
on (of a light), light up (vi.), be ignited (Bw). [also:
254
[hil-bouin] (JJ); chilbun (hildibe)
(HHJ) [Z-l/K/IFb/HH/GF/Bw//JJ] <rabun>
hilg’andin (K-d§/K) = to scoop up; to extract.
See hilg’inin.
hilg’inandin (K) = to scoop up; to extract. See
hilg’inln.
hil»g’inin vt. (hil-g’in-; hil-gin- [IF]). 1)
to scoop up, ladle up, draw up (water from well) ;
to bail out (of a boat) ; 2) to extract, take out, pull
out (K/JB3); to extract, derive, draw: »Me eva
§ova ji wS kiteb£ hilgandiye (K-d§) We have
extracted this version from that book; 3) to gather
up (from the ground) (IF); 4) to envelop, cover:
•Tarlye ’erd hilg’ini (K/B) Darkness covered
the earth, [also: hilg’andin (K-d§/K); hilg’inandin
(K); [hil-tchinin] (JJ) = ravauder) Cf. Sor
v
helginin = 'to pile up; to mop up'
[Z-2/JB3/IF/B/JJ//K]
hil»dan vt. (hil-d-). 1) to gather lip
(countable items, e.g.. pieces of gold, grains): »Ev
zera hildide xwera (Ba) He takes the gold
[pieces] for himself toxime xwe hilda (J)
And he picked up his grain; 2) to gather (living
beings): •Rojeke wan gend giregir li cindiye
§ehere Cizire hildan, hatine diwana mir
S§vdln (Z-l) One day they took (?assembled)
some elders and nobles of the city of Jizirah. and
went to the court of the prince S. *0 kare xwe
hildide dibe g’le (J) And she picks up her kids
(=young goats) and takes them to the mountain; 3)
to pick up, grab, take in one's hand: •Keg’ik
t’e§iye u hrie hildide (J) The girl picks up the
spindle and wool •Melle rabtl nane xwe hilda
hat (Dz) The mullah got up, took his bread, and
set out [lit. ’came’] •Vira dewlgi dewle hildide
(Ba) Here the bucket carrier picks up the bucket
•Xort k’axeza xwe hilda (J) The lad took the
paper; 4) \svn: hilanin) to lift, raise, hoist (Bag.
etc.): • Alaya Kurdistane helda (Bar) He raised
(hoisted) the flag of Kurdistan; 5) to roll up (pants'
leg, sleeve): »Beriya bighSy ave, delinge
xwe hilnede (Z-l339) Before you reach the
river, don't roll up the hem of your trousers [prv.f,
6) various expressions: -hildan dil& xwe (XF) to
take stg. to heart, to perceive stg. with heightened
sensibility, to feel or experience stg. strongly: »De
va giliyana hilda dil§ xwe (Ba) The mother,
these words offended her [lit. 'she took them to her
heart']; -salix hildan (K) to find out about stg.,
get news or information: »Wexta Al-p’a§a
salix§ kal§ hilda, idi xwexa TabU gH pey
kale (Z-l) When A.p. received news of the old
woman (^learned of the old woman's existence), he
got up and went to the old woman, {also: heldan
(Bar/IFb-2); childan (hildide) (HH)J
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/TF//Bar]
hil»gaftin vt. (hil-gev-). to pick up, raise,
lift (into the air) : •Beyrim he§iya kon hilgaft
(L) Beyrim lifted up the outer flap of the tent *Gel!
bira, min hilgevin, eze herim ser s^rd
bisekinim (L) Brothers, lift me up; I want to go
[lit. 'I will go'] stand on top of the city wall, (also:
hilgavtin (JB3/IFb)} [L/K//JB3/IFb]
hilgavtin (JB3/IFb) = to raise, lift. See
hilgaftin.
hil»girtin qj Jfdjb vt. (hil-g[i]r-). 1) to pick up, lift
(K/A/JB3/JJ); to take on, shoulder, load up (IF); to
hoist, load onto one's shoulder, carry (burden) (B);
2) to hold, contain (of vases, etc.) (}J); 3) to keep,
preserve (Bw). (also: helgirtin (IFb); [hil-ghirtin]
J1& (JJ); <hilgirtin ^J!a (hildigre) (o
(HH)) Sor helgirtin = 'lift up, pick up,
carry, support, put up with, acquiesce in, deserve,
be worthy of, choose, take away, put aside,
withdraw (hand), abduct, store, keep reserve, shut
up (shop)’ [K/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH//IFb]
hil»hatin vi. (hil[t]§-). 1) to rise, come or go
up, appear (the sun, etc.) ; to rise (of dough) ;
•Neri go toz u hecac ji beriye hilte (L) He
saw a cloud of dust rise (rising) from the plain; 2)
to escape, flee (OK/SK): •’Esker§ Fazil Pa§a li
naw dole §a§ bun, nezanin kewe bihel@n
(SK 48:488) Fazil Pasha's troops went astray in the
middle of the canyon, not knowing whither to flee.
{ also: helatin (IFb-2); hilatin (IF-2/B/OK-2); Fielatin
(-liele-) (SK); [hil-atin] Q-p'i* (JJ); <bilehtin
[sic] (hilte) C L5 ^)> (HH)) Sor helhatin =
'come up, swell up, ferment, rise (sun, moon, star),
escape, change color' |L/K/IF[b[/OK//B/JJ//HH//SKl
<rojhilat>
-bill c Jjt (TF) = step-, pseudo-. See -Kili I.
hilinan (Dz) = to remove, pick up; to save. See
hilanin.
hil*ingiftin a vi. (hil-ingiv-). to stumble,
trip (over stg., also of horses): »Hesp y6
thilingivit (Bw) The horse is stumbling, [also:
255
helengiftin (hel-engiv-) (M); hilingivin (Bw- 2 )) Sor
y
hel # engutin [Bw//M] <tehisin>
hilingivin (Bw) = to stumble. See hilingiftin.
hil*kirin vt. (hil-k-). 1 ) .{syn : hilanin;
hilk’i§andin) to remove, lift, take off (K/JB1-A/0K);
to uproot, extirpate, pull out by the roots
(A/IF/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK): *Du mu ji la§e
xwe hilkirin (L) He plucked two hairs off his
body; -zevi hilkirin (IF) to plow a field; 2 ) (sjm:
dadan; pexistin; vexistin) to light, ignite, kindle
(JJ/JBl-A); to turn on (lights) (Bw): *Me bo xo
agir di we dirkeve helkir (M-Am 714) We
made [or, lit] a fire for ourselves there, [also:
helkirin'(IFb/JBl-A/M); [hil-kirin] (}});
chilkirin (hildike) (HH)}
[L/K/A/JB3/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bw//IFb/JBl-A/M]
hilki§an (TF) = to climb. See hilk’i§in.
hil*k 5 i§andin qjjUxSILa vt. (hil-k’i§in-). 1 ) to bring
up, pull up, raise, lift, cause to ascend (K/IF/B/JJ):
•Wexta ku ew dewle hildik’i§ine (Ba) When
he pulls the bucket up [out of the well]; 2 ) {syn:
hilkirin [l]l to uproot, pull out, extract (IFb):
•Pi§ti 35'an edi yeko yeko mirov di nav
pore xwe de rasti gend tayen sipi te ... Di
destpeke de yek-du ta bun, min bi destan
hildiki§andin, yane min zora wan dibir
(LC, p.5) After age 35, one by one one finds some
white hairs amid the hair on one's head ... At first
there were one or two hairs, I pulled them out by
hand, i.e., I was victorious over them •Stun ji
linge xwe hilki§and (IF) He pulled the thorn
out of his foot; -mix hilki§andin (IF) to pull out
a nail; 3) {syn: hilmi§tin; vernali§tin( to roll up
(sleeves) (B); -mile xwe hilk’i§andin (B) to roll
up one's sleeves, {also: helki§andin (IFb); [hil-
kichandin] (JJ)) [K/JB3/B/JJ//IFb]
<hilk’i§in>
hilki§iyan (OK) = to climb. See hilk’i§in.
hil»k’i§in vi. (hil-k’i§-). to climb, ascend,
mount (stairs , etc.) : *Beran helki§iya ser
miy@ (IFb) The ram mounted the ewe •Hatin
[li] derenca re hilki§iyan (L) They came and
climbed up the stairs *Hilki§iya jore (IF) He
climbed up »Hirg hilki§iya dare (IF) The bear
climbed up the tree *Law§ pir§ li diw§r de
hilki§iya (L) The old woman's boy climhed up
the wall, [also: helki§iyan (IFb- 2 ); helki§in (IFb);
hilki§an (TF-2); hilki§iyan (OK-2); hilki§iyan
(JB3/IF); [hil-kichian] yt (JJ)) (syn: rap’elikin)
[K/B/GF/TF/OK//JB3/IF/JJ//IFb] <hilk’i§andin>
hilki§iyan (JB3/IF) = to climb. See hilk’i§in.
hilm /. (-a;-e). 1) steam, vapo[u]r: »Di §even
say! de, hilma erde di navbera erd ti.
ezmanan de wek perdeke zivin disekine
(BX/Hawar) On clear nights, tbe steam [rising] from
the soil hovered between earth and sky like a
silver curtain; 2 ) (syn: bin I [ 2 ]) breath (IF); 3) (syn:
qulap} puff, drag, draw (on a cigarette or pipe):
• Gebrane Bago hilma dawin li cixara xwe
dixe (Lab, 55) G.B. takes the last drag [puff] on his
cigarette # Pi§ti gend gulmen cixare tu disan
hati ser xwe (MUm, 16) After a few puffs on
your cigarette, you revived, {also: gulm (K); helm
(IFb- 2 ); helm (F); hulm (K); fiulm (B); hulmgulm (B-
2 )) Sor helm Jaa = Vapour’ [BX/A/JB3/IFb/GF/
TF//F//K/MU 111 //B] <du IV; mij>
hilma§tin (hil-ma§-) (IFb) = to roll up (sleeves).
See hilmi§tin.
bil*mi§tin vt. (hil-mal-). to roll up (one's
sleeves) . [also: hilma§tin (hil-ma§-) (IFb); [hal-
mystin] (JJ)) (syn:hilk’i§andin [3];
vemali§tin) [JJ/PS//IFb] <mali§tin>
hilqeys ^AiLa adv. so much, so many: *0 ji bona
wan hilqeyse teb fi sefil! min dft (L) and
(=after) I experienced [lit. saw’] so much torment
and humiliation for their sake, (syn: ewqas/haqas;
hinde) [L/K]
hil§andin yjjUi* (F/K/IFb/GF) = to destroy. See
hilwe§andin.
hil§iyan jL-LU (IFb) -to be destroyed. See hilwe§in.
hil§in (RN/K/IFb/GF) = to be destroyed. See
hilwe§in.
hil§iyan (F) = to be destroyed. See hilwe§!n.
hilti adj. smooth, {also: helu (SK); Kill II (Bw);
Kilu III (F); liuli II (SK-Ak); [hilou/hulu (Rh)/ellu
(G)]^aj);<hiim>^(HH)i
[Bw//IFb/GF/OK//F//SK//JJ//HH]
hilu II 33 -LA (GF/TF) = plum. See hilu I.
hilure§k A-Zoj&i* (IFb) = black plum. See KHl!re§k.
hilutir§k AJ: f. (-a;-e) (Msr) = plum. See Kild I.
hiluyere§ (GF) = black plum. See Kulire§k.
• •
hil* we§andin vf. (hil-we§!n-). to
destroy, tear down, ruin, raze, annihilate: *L§ her
ku roj bilind dibu ... zelaliya we tina xwe
bi ser siy§ ve hildiwe§and (Alkan, 70) But as
the sun rose higher ... the purity of its warmth
overcame the shade *Pa§e dev ji hil§andina
ko§ke berdan [sic] (RN) Then they left off tearing
down the palace. { also: hil§andin (RN/F/K/IFb/GF-
2); [houlouchandin] jjjLj-La (JJ))
[RN/F/IFh//Wlt/K/GF/Frq//JJ] <hilwe§in>
hil*we§in vi. (hil-§-). 1 ] to be destroyed,
torn down, ruined, razed: # Ev qeli§tek§n ji
bingeh hetani bani direjbdyi didan xuya
kirin ku ko$k ewe ji ni§kave hil§e (RN)
These cracks made their appearance from the
foundations and extended to the roof, so that the
palace could suddenly collapse; 2 ) {syn: §ihitin) to
disintegrate, be dissolved (SK): •Dostxniya wan
helwe§yawa (SK 31:280) Their friendship was
dissolved. ( also: hel§in (IFb- 2 ); helwe§yanewe (SK);
hil§iyan (IFb); hil§in (RN/K-2/IFb/GF-2); hil§iyan
(F); [houlouchin] (JJ)}
[RN/IFb//K/GF/Wlt/Frq//SK//F//JJ] <hilwe§andin>
himberi prep. 1 ) toward (fig., e.g.. one's
feelings toward s.o.) , vis-a-vis: •iiizkirina wana
himberi Meme delal (Z-l) their love for [lit.
'toward'] Mem; 2 ) compared to or with (B):
•himberi sal a par (B) compared with last year
• himberi qeweta xwe (B) compared with or
according to his strength: 3) across, opposite, on
the other side of (IFb): •hemberi newale (IFb)
on the far side of the gulley; 4) literal translation of
Turkish kar§i: against, [also: hembere (K);
hemberi (JB3/IFh)} fZ- 1 /B//K//JB3/IFb]
himbiz (GF/HH/Hej) = dense. See hembiz.
himet (K/JBl-A) = magnanimity, helpful
intervention. See himmet.
himmet o a;), used in extremely formal and
polite language to superiors : generosity,
magnanimity; help, intercession, helpful
intervention; solution, remedy: *Em hatine
mala te, bo xatira xude tedbireki li Hale
me bike. Qi bi du‘a, gi bi niwi§ti, bi her
terze dibit bo me himmeteki [sic] bifermu
(SK 33:295) We have come to your house that, for
God’s sake, you may do something for us. Either
hy prayer or by charms, however it may be, please
arrange something for us •fietta noke eger te
gayek xaribit, pa$f himmeta munasibl, to
de duyan xoy (SK 34:311) If up to now you
have eaten one ox, after the intervention of the
shrine you will eat two *Xudane mal& ji wi
pirsi, 'Tu d§ k§we gi?’ Got, ’D§ gime ser
munasibe Elenya, belkft himmetekl [sic] bo
min biket , pigek me’da min xo§ bit 1 (SK
34:309) The owner of the house asked, ’Where are
you going?' He said, 'I am going to the shrine of
Alanya in the hope that it will be of some benefit
to me and my stomach will be a bit better';
-himmet kirin = to be so kind as to do stg., to
deign to do stg.: #t Eyni deqe dane, zamanS
ko epey himmet kir, birina Bor qenc bti,
tuka sipi le hat (MC-1 #83) At that very
moment, when [God) showed a good deal of
magnanimity Bor’s wound healed, and white hair
grew over it «Mari got, ’Me’lumi cenabe
hingo ye ez bepe me. Ne§§m li bazeberi
derbaz bim. Dibit cenabe mam riwi
himmet biket , bende derbaz ket' (SK 2:11)
The snake said, As your honour knows, I have no
feet. I cannot cross over the stepping-stones. Your
honour Uncle Fox must help me to cross’
•Wellahi, ew ji wexte te sefer betal kirin
h fieta nhhu em faydeki ye li me qet c e bi.
Qn fayde negehite deste me u em rica c
tkeyn tu careka dlhimet ke. (JB1-A #4,98)
By God ... ever since you stopped making business
trips, our profit has ceased. No profit has reached
us, and we beg you to be magnanimous once
again, {also: himet (K/JBl-A); [hemet] (JJ);
*
<hinnnet> (HH)| < Ar himmah =
'endeavor, intention; high-minded ambition, zeal'
--> P hemmat o~>a> = 'ambition; high mindedness;
effort’ & T himmet = 'help, favor, protection'; Sor
himet = 'zeal' [MC-i/lFb/MH/SK//K/jBi-A//Jj]
hin ijjb. some (pi. indef article) : •hin hesp = some
horses; -hin ... hin ji (Ba2/B) both ... and; -hin
bi hin (IF) little by little, bit by bit; -hin caran
(IF) sometimes. Sor liend [BX/K/A/JB3/1F/B]
hinar jLa f (-a;-e). pomegranate (tree and fruit), bot.
Punica granatum: -hinare rdyan (K - poet.)
cheeks; -Kinara shr[e]t (B) round part of the
cheek, {also: henar (F); Hinar (B); [hinar] jLa (JJ);
<hinar> jUa (HH)} Mid P anar (M3); P anar jbl —>
T nar; Sor henar jb<^; Za henar/henari/hinari f.
(Mai) [K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Kmc-2/AA//F//B]
hinarik JjLa f. (). cheek; cheekbone (IFb/TF/OK).
{also: Hinarik (K)l {syn: alek; gup; lame; ru [3]}
<hinar = 'pomegranate', because of the red color of
the cheeks. [IFb/GF/TF/OK//K] <dem II>
hinarin (SK) = to send. See hinartin.
hinartin vt. (-hiner-). to send, dispatch.
{also: hinarin (SK); [hinartin] Jjjt (JJ); <hinartin>
QSjLjt (HH)) {syn: § and in; [ve]rekirin| Cf.
Manichaean Mid P han(n)ar- = 'to direct (the eyes ) 1
< ham + Vdar (M2, p.79 & Henning Verbum,
p.193): Sor [he]nardin (-ner-) jjjb[ 4 j&]
[M/Zx/K(s)/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/0K//SK]
hinav JLa m. (-£; Kin£v [B]). organs of the chest
cavity (heart, lungs) : -dil it hinav/dil-hinav =
do.; used fig. for the heart : *Wexta Meme Ala
eva giliya digotin, agir ft alave dil h
hinav£ qiz ft hftka disotin (Z-l) When M.A.
said these words, the hearts and spleens of the girls
and brides burned with fire and flame (=they were
disappointed), {also: hinav (B); [henaw] JL Jt (JJ);
<hinav> JLa (HH)} [Z-l/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH//B] <dil;
fatere§k; p’i§ik; sih; zirav II>
hincan m. (). clay pot (the size of a tuh/basin,
with a wide lip) . {also: <hincan> jl(HH)-
corrected from *<hicnan> {syn: diz}
[HB/A/HH] <cer; lin; sewil>
hincar f. (). plow-beam: *Ev tae hane ye
ba§e bo hincar (M-Ak, #548) This bough here is
a good one for a plough-beam. Cf. Sor hewcar
= Vertical steering haft of plough' [M-
Ak/OK] <cot [2]; destedu; gisin; halet; k’otan;
§urik; xenike; xep>
hincet (Wit) = grounds, excuse. See hencet.
hincinandin jjjL(GF) = to cut into small pieces.
See hincinin.
hincinin vt. (-hincin-). to chop up fine,
mince, dice, cut into small pieces (tobacco, etc.):
•Kurd bi geqoka min dihincinin (Bw) The
Kurds chop me up with their knives, {also:
hencandin (IFb); hincinandin (GF); <hincinin>
(Hej)} Sor encinin
[Bw/Zeb/TF/Hej//IFb//GF]
hind f. [ ;-£). so, that much, so much (declined
like a f. noun): a) prn.: •"...Eger te hind
musa’ede kiriba, pigek stukira xo ke§aba
p£§ gaw£t min ft careki di di p£§ mirina
xo da min gaw£t te ditibana, pa§i bila ez
miribam, da di dil£ min da nebite keser."
Mari got, "Ser gawan, ser seran, ew hinde
gu niye." (SK 2:15) "...If you would be so kind
as to stretch your neck a little in front of my eyes
so that I could see your eyes once again before my
death, then let me die, there would be no regret in
my heart." The snake said, "On my head and eyes
(be it), that much is nothing" *Wext§ rlwi yeqin
kir ko £di dir£j kirin fayde niye hinde got
e kotire (SK 3:22) When the fox realized that
there was no point in carrying on, he said this
much to the pigeon; b) adv.: *Ez ji ji §ukra we
ihsana hinde mezin digime Kecce (SK 4:41) I
am going on the pilgrimage in thanksgiving for this
great bounty [for this bounty so great] Ǥerm e
bo te muroe hinde mezin u maqul li
gawr§ te li ser piyan rawestit (SK 4:38) It is a
shame for you that such a great and respected
person should stand and wait for you; c) adj .: # Ez
d§ gi li hinde genimey kem? (M-Ak #597)
What shall I do with so much wheat? • Madam ew
gunde ho muhtac e he§ta bare min
nege§tiye 'erdi hind kiryar d§ cema bin.
Do sa'et nak£§it hemi ti§t@ min de kirin bi
qimeta ko ez Kez dikem (SK 16:157) Since
this village is so needy [so] many customers will
gather before my load reaches the ground [that] it
won't take two hours for them to buy all my things
at whatever price I like »Te bo gi hinde sal e
bo min negot? (SK 3:20) Why haven't you told
me in all these [=so many] years?; -ew hind (SK)
that much: »Xeta£t hingo biln ew hinde
'eskere hate naw me (SK 18:167) It was your
fault that this many soldiers came among us; -ji
ber hinde (JBl-A) that's why, therefore; -ser w£
hind£ra ji (SK) moreover, what's more, {also:
hinde (SK- 2 /JB 1 -A); [hind] (JJ)} (syn:ewqas)
Sor ewende ojcoj<*j [JJ/SK/JBl-A/OK] See also
hinde.
hinda I cjt prep, near, by, at the house of, over
s.o.'s house [Fr chez]: *Ez grim hind£ wi (IFb) I
went to where he was. {also: hinde (IFb); [hmda]
'^A(JJ)} ( syn: bal I; cem; lale; li def (Bw); nik I; rex
I) cf. Ar ‘inda ^ [BX/Ad/K/JJ/B//IFb]
hinda II (Z-2/Msr/Snd) = lost. See winda.
hindam (Ber) = side, direction. See hindav.
hindav f./m.(SK) (-a/-§;-e/). 1 ) {syn: all) side,
direction (K/JB3/IFb): *Bi hevaleki me ... re
cihetnimayek hebu. Me hindava xwe pe
rast dikir (Rnh 1 : 11 , p.196) One of our friends
had a compass. We kept checking our direction
with it; 2 ) (syn; hoi II) midst, one’s immediate
surroundings, the area around one: •DUri
hindava we p£ k’etiye (B) God forbid!; Present
258
company excepted; Apart from you *Ji
hindavda rabft (JJ) He got up *Sere xwe
hindavda hilde mezeke bi t’d§e (EP-7) Raise
your head and look ahead; -hindava xweda (B)
for his part, as far as he is concerned; 3) j syn: fez)
position above or over (Zeb/SK/Hej/JJ): *Ave, ne
ave, / Me’r§ mirt di nave, / Teyre zerin
hindave / Ew giye? [P’ilta g’ire, §emal] (Z-
1796) It’s water, it's not water / There’s a dead
snake in its middle / There's a golden bird above it
/ What is it? [rdl.; ans.: wick and candle[
sere kopiki, pariste hindawe lata gyay,
bizanit peze kiwi li we dere heye yan ne.
Wext§ gft hindawe late dit hirgek liser
dara keskaneye (SK 10:95) He went on top of
the crest and crept above a patch of mountain
pasture to see whether there were wild sheep there
or not. When lie went above the stretch of meadow
he saw that there was a bear in the top of a
terebinth tree *Li hindawe ceriket ximi
qaydeye kulek bo ronaiye dibit (SK 4:28) It
is customary for there to be a skylight above the
dye vats for the light to get in *Qelata wi li-ser
gya bti li hindawe rtibare, se-hizar gez
bilind e (SK 51:556) His fort was on a mountain
above tbe river, three thousand ells high: -hindav
sere (Zeb/JJ) above, over: *Marek li kuna
diwar tete der u digite hindav sere mir u
c lsa §ir§ xo li kawlan diinite der da mar!
bikujit {letter from VOA listener ) A snake comes
out of the hole in the wall and goes to a place
above the emir's head and Isa takes his sword out
of its sheath in order to kill the snake, {also:
hindam (Ber); hindaw (SK); [hindav] J»l (JJ);
<hindav> (Hej)} |CP-7/K/)n:hiFb/]]/i3/)Bi-A/
Hej/Zeb/DIi//SKl
hindaw (SK) = above. See hindav[3]
hinde adv. so much, so many: -digel v§
hindS (K) nevertheless; -hinde car (JB3) so
often, so many times; (IF) sometimes; -hinde ...
ko (A/JB3) so much that...; -ji ber v£ hindS
(JB3) since, as. [also: [hinde] (JJ); <hinde>
(HH)) {syn: ewqas/haqas; ewqedr; hilqeyse)
[MK/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH] See also hind.
hindek (SK) = a little; some. See hindik &
hinek.
hinde (IFb) = near, by. See hinda I.
hindik adv. a little, a little bit, a small amount:
•P’ir digin, hindik digin (Dz) They keep on
going and going [lit. ’They go much, they go little'—
Cf. T 'Az gitmi§, uz gitmi§'] # §ire gelek u
bizinen diya min hindik bft (Alkan, 70) The
milk of my mother’s cows and goats was [only] a
small amount; -hindik maye = soon; almost:
•Hindik maye ma§ine be (B) The train will
arrive soon [lit. ’little remained [until] the train will
come’]; -kem-hindik (Ber) a little bit, hardly at
all; more or less, [also: hindek; hine I; hinek;
[hindik] (JJ); <hindik> (HH)) {syn:
g’ig’ik II; Jiebek(i); fiekeki (Ad); kern I; pigek;
^gelek; ^p’ir II; ^ze’f) [K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH] See also
hinek.
hindir jAAjfc = inside. See hindur.
hindi (BX/K/JB3) = then; afterward. See hing§.
9 9
hindur m. (-e; ). l) {syn: nav II[1]; zik)
interior: -hundurg dest (LM) palm of the hand; 2)
[adv./prep.[ [syn: zik} inside: *Di hindur§ w§
qesre de (L) Inside that palace *Diz k’etin
hundure male (K) Thieves broke into the house;
-gfin/hatin/k’etin hundur (K) to enter, get
into; -hundurda (B)/hundurva (B) inside; -ji
hundur derxistin (K) to lead out, expel; to
exclude; -ji hundur va (K) from inside; -kirin
hundur (K) to introduce, bring in; to put in,
insert; -li hundur (K) inward, inside (motion to
which) . {also: hindir; bundir; hundur (K/IF-2/B);
[hindourou](JJ); <hindiru> 3 jA^ (HH)) Cf. P
andar jjjl [L/K/B/Ba2/F//JB3/IFb//HH//JJ/JR]
hine I adv. a little, some: *hine nan yane
hine go§t (Ba) a little bread or a little meat
• Hine rune min hebu min ani tera kire
p’exfin (Dz) [If] I had a little butter, I would have
brought [it and] made you some pexun (qv .).
[K/B] See also hindik.
hine II <ua (F/TF) = henna. See Kene.
hinek adv. 1) a little, -hinek! (Ks/Ba/GF) a
little: •Do§eka wi hineki bilind buye (Ba) His
mattress had risen a little bit *Hinek nan ft
hinek pivaz (IFb) a little [bit of] bread and a little
bit of onion; 2) (syn: bejnek) someone, somebody;
some people: *Hinek p§ dimirin, hinek j§ re
dimirin (IFb) Some die of it, some die for it [prv.]
•Tirsa min hinek hespe min bidizin (L) I’m
afraid that someone might steal my horse(s);
-Hineka go ... hineka go ... (L) Some said ...
259
»
and some said ... ; 3) pr. mod. some: •Hinek
niviskar diyar dikin ku MHP xwe ji nil ve
saz dike \X ber bi demokratikbflne ve dige
(AW69A1) Some writers declare that the MHP
[Nationalist People's Party] is re-making itself and
becoming more democratic; -hindek caran (SK)
sometimes. I also: hindek (SK); [hinek] Jjj* (}})}
[AW/K/A/IFb/JJ/TF] See also hindik.
hiner m./f.(IF/B/SK/OK) (-e/-a; /-e). 1) art; 2)
{syn: fereset [2]; sen'et [1]) talent, skill (JB3);
resourcefulness, inventiveness (B); means, remedy,
way out (of a difficult situation) : *Ka behs bike,
behsa huner£n wan mexluqen piguk bike
(SF 18) Speak, speak of the skills of those tiny
creatures • Le Qeret’ajdin haj Kunure Meme
heye (Z-l) But Q. finds out (knows) about M.’s
' skill [or bravery] •Li ber defa singe xwe
erbaneyeke bi e§q u hunereke wele
diricifine (Tof, p.7) He shakes a tambourine in
front of his chest with such passion and skill;
-Kunar ditin/kirin (B) to find a way out (of a
difficult situation) ; 3) courage, bravery; virtue.
{also: huner (IFb-2/SK/GF-2/TF); hunar (B/Ba2);
fiunur (Z-l); [houner] ^ (JJ); <hiner> (HH)) Cf.
Skt sundara- (?<sunara-) = 'beautiful, handsome,
lovely'; Av hunara- = 'highness, loftiness, skill,
ability'; O P uvnara- 'skill, accomplishment' (Kent);
Pahl hunar; P hunar yu* = 'virtue, skill, art, ability'
(Horn #1108) --> T huner; Sor huner - 'skill,
art’; cf. also Arm hnark c = 'means, way,
resource, invention’ [Z-l//K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/SK/
GF/OK//JJ/TF//B/Ba2] <ilac>
hinermend (K) = artist
hingaft (BX/JB3) = then; afterward. See hinge,
hingaftin Cj* vt. (-hingev-). l) to attain, reach;
to touch; 2) to hit (a target) ; to strike (M):
•[Dibejin ku hespe mir hatiye hingavtin]
(JJ) They say that the emir’s horse has been hit [by
a bullet]; -namiis hingavtin (Wit) to say or do
stg. which touches s.o.’s honor; to dishonor,
humiliate: •Dijmin...zaroken li ser pegek£
ku§tin, namtis hingavtin, pisi bi me dan
xwarin (Wit 2:59, p.7) The enemy...killed infants
in swaddling clothes, humiliated [raped?], made us
eat filth; 3) to amaze, stun, sting to the quick:
•Bedewya Zelixe isan dihingavt (Ba)
Zelikha’s beauty stunned people. I also: hingavtin
(K/IFb-2/TF/OK-2); hingawtin (-hingew-) (SK);
hingiftin (GF); hingivandin (A/OK-2); hingivin II
(A-2); [hingawtin ^^sliWhinghiwtin (JJ);
chingaftin (dihingeve) (HH))
[Ba/Wlt/K/JJ/TF//IFb/HH/OK/M/Bw//SK//GF//A]
hingani (BX) = then; afterward. See hingd.
hingavi (BX/JB3) = then; afterward. See hing§.
hingavtin (K/lFh/TF/OK/JJ) = to touch, reach;
to stun. See hingaftin.
hingawtin (CjZLto (-hingew-) (SK) = to touch, reach; to
stun. See hingaftin.
hinge adv. 1) then, at that time: •Guh biden,
• ■
cewabe bidem. Eger gak bti. qebtil biken,
eger xirab bu ez hingi razi me bi ’eyba xo
(SK 22:202) Listen and I'll give you an answer. If it
is good—accept it, if it is bad then I am prepared to
accept the shame *Le wexte M. derda gu, mir
ji ber wi rabu, Qeret’ajdin hinge dezmala
xwe avite bin do§eka wi (EP-7) But when M.
entered, the prince stood up before him [out of
respect], Qeretajdin then placed [lit. 'threw'] his
handkerchief beneath his (=the prince's) mattress
(=seat) •Me’lum hingi de gelek getir bit (SK
19:179) Certainly it will be much better then; 2)
I syn: dura; pa§e; §unda; (di) pi§t re) afterward, later.
I aiso: hindi (BX/K/JB3); hingaft (BX/JB3); hingani
(BX); hingavi (BX/JB3); hingi (A/JB3); [hinghi]
(JJ)) [EP-7/BX/K/A/JB3/iFb/JJ/JBl-A/SK/TF/OK//
B/JB1-S]
hingiftin (GF) = to touch, reach; to stun. See
hingaftin.
hingiv j£jjt m. (-e; ). honey, \also: hingivin I (Bw);
hinguv (GF-2); hingun (SK); hungiv (F); [hingouw
hinghiw hinghiwin qJ&js) (JJ);
<hingivin ^y^^/hingiv Ji£jt> (HH)) Cf. P angabln
1/ angom pdl, O P anguben; Sor heng =
'bee' & hengwin - ’honey’; Za hing = ’bee’
(Todd) & engimye (Lx)/hingemin m. (Todd) =
'honey' [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//F//Bw//SK]
hingivandin (A/OK) = to touch, reach; to stun.
See hingaftin.
hingivin I (Bw/HH) = honey. See hingiv.
hingivin II q^«J1a (A) = to touch, reach; to stun. See
hingaftin.
hingi (K/A/JB3/B/JB1-S) = then; afterward. See
• ■
hing§.
hinglisk JLJ&b (IF) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
hingo (SK) = you (pi. obi.). See hftn & we.
hingor (K/IFb) = dawn; dusk. See hingtir.
260
hingori (Hk/HH) = dawn; dusk. See hingur.
hingur (MUm) = dawn; dusk. See hingur.
hingustil J*jj^SLa (SW/JB3) = (finger)ring. See gustil.
hinguv jJsa (GF) = honey. See hingiv.
hingu 3 ^sa (BX-Behdinan) = you. See Inin,
hingun q (SK) = honey. See hingiv.
hingur f. (-a; ). 1) { syn : berbang; elind) dawn,
daybreak, sunrise; 2) dusk, twilight: *Hingura
we evare te bira te? (MUm, 14) Do you
remember that evening's twilight? {also: hingor
(K/IFb); hingori (Hk); hingur (MUm); [hingour]
(JJ); <hingori> {S j^a (HH)(
[Wn/JJ/GF/TF//MUm//K/IFb//HH/Hek] cberbang;
evar; moxrib>
' hinkuf <J^ShA (IFb) = suitable. See hinkhf.
hinkuf adj. suitable, appropriate, {also: hinkuf
(IFb)} |syn: babet II[l]; layiq [l]) [SW/A//IF]
hirbi ^^a (Qzl) = girl’s headscarf. See Hibri.
hirg^jt. (A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH/SK/JB1-A) = bear (animal).
See Kirg’.
hiri ^a f (-ya;-ye). wool: •Keg’ik t’e§iye li
aw
hrie hildide (J) The girl picks up the spindle and
wool «Te iro qe hri rist? (J) Have you spun
any wool today? {also: her! I (IFb-2); hri (J); xuri I
(SK); [hiri] i$y A (JJ); <heri> (S3 a (HH)| Sor xuri
(S j^ U//Z- l/K/A/JB3/II'b/B/II/IIfI/JB1-A/CI-VTF//SK1 <kej
■ ■
II; kulk; liva; livajen: merez II; restin; ris; t’e§i>
hirme ^^a (Kmc-2/RZ) = pear. See herme.
hirmi [^^a (A/IFb/TF/OK/AA/RZ) = pear. See
herme.
hirve os^a (Bw/HH) = on this side. See herve.
hisan m. (-e; ). 1) knife (for cutting meat)’, 2)
whetstone. See hesan II. [Bw] <k’er III; sat’or;
§efir>
hisandin q^La. (TF) = to cause to feel; to inform. See
Kesandin.
hiseynok f. (). snail; 'The snail is called ...
§eytanok (little devil) (or guh§eytan (devil’s
ear)[. The Yezidis, who must not pronounce the
devil's name, replace geytanok with hiseynok
(little Husayn, irreverent reference to Husayn, son
of Ali)." [L, vol. 1, p.236, apud #48 (my
translation)] (syn: guh§eytan; §eytanok) [L/Qzl]
hister (IF) - mule. See hestir II.
histerik ^ J~~~a (Klk) = tears. See h§stir I.
histir (IF) = mule. See hestir II.
histiran (BK) = to knead (dough). See stir an II.
histukur (IFb) = nape of neck. See stukur.
hi§ ijjt (A/JB3) = mind; sense. See tii§.
hi§k J*a (A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK) =
dry. See Ki§k.
hi^kayi ^(SJua (TF) = dryness. See Ei§ki.
♦ ♦
hi§keti ^o&a (A) = dryness; frost. See fii§ki.
hi§ki L pjt (IFb/JJ/GF/OK) = dryness. See Ei§kt.
hi§tin vt. (-hel-/-hil~). l) {syn: berdan) to
leave (vt) , abandon: *Bira, te ti§tek ji min re
ne hi§t? (L) Brother, didn't you leave anything for
me? »Le gaxe cerde xwe davite ser keriye
pez, diqewimi, weki dest-p’iye §ivana gire
didan ... ew ji li gole be xwarin H
vexwarin dihi§tin (Ba2:l, p.205) But when the
brigands pounced on the sheep flock, it happened
that they would tie up the shepherds’ hands and
feet... and leave them in the wilderness without
any food or drink; 2) to spare s.o.'s life, keep alive,
save: »Seva xatire te, eze penca bikujim,
duda bihelim (FK-kk-13:129) For your sake, I
will kill five and spare two «Xwede bo te
bihelit (Bw) May God leave [them alive] for you
[said when speaking of s.o.’s family] «Xwed£ te
bihele (L) May God leave you [among the living];
-kitek je nehi§tin (XF) not to leave a single
person alive, to kill off down to the last person:
•Erke ko vega mir p£ biEese, em kitk£ ji
hev ft dine nahelin (Z-3) If the emir finds out,
we won't leave a single person alive; 3) [syn:
berdan; dev je berdan; qeran; t’erkandin) to
abandon (JJ); to leave off, quit, stop (doing stg.):
-dile fk-e hi§tin (K)/hi§tin (XF) to offend, hurt
s.o.'s feelings; to grieve, distress, pain:
•Qeret’ajdin naxwaze dil£ winak£ bih@le
(Z-3) Q. does not want to offend him; 4) (syn: izin
dan; redan) to allow, permit, {also: helan I
(K[s]/JBl-A&S/M/Bw); heli§tin (Czr); hi§tin (XF);
[hichtin -j^gU^/hilan qIa) (JJ)) [Pok. selg- 900.] 'to
release, let loose’: Skt srjati/sarjati = 'he lets loose,
shoots, pours': O Ir *hrd-/z-: Av haraz- (pres.
har 0 za-/h 0 r 0 za-/har 0 z(a)ya-); P he§tan a (-hel-)
(>); Sor hi§tin ^j^a (>hel-); Hau astey (az-) vt. =
'to let, allow’ (M4) [K/JB3/IFb/B/JI/GF//Czr//JBl-A&S/
M/Bw|
hi§yarl (A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK) =
awake; aware. See Ei§yar.
hi§yar II (CB) = red pepper. See EigEar.
hi§yari a (IFb/GF/TF) = awakeness; awareness.
See Ei§yari.
261
hiwdzi m. Q. club, mace (weapon ). [syn:
cinifi; gurz} [BX/K/IFb]
hizar j1_>a (SK) = thousand. See hezar.
Hizeyran (JB3) = June. See Heziran.
hizir f. (-a; ). thought, idea: -Kizir kirin (Z-
3/HH)/hizra xti [xwe] kirin (XF) to think,
ponder, reflect: # Mir ji Kizir nake, ew ji ji
berva radibe (Z-3) The emir also stands up
without thinking # Wi hizra xK kir, kK eve
xewne (XF) He thought that this was a dream.
[also: Kizir (Z-3); <hizirkirin (Kizirdike)
C(HH)) [syn: fikir; mitale; raman I; xiyal)
<Ar Vh-z-r - ’to guess’ [Z-3/HH//K/XF] <fikirin;
p’onijin [ 2 ]; raman I>
hic^jfc (FJ) = type of sandwich. See Kog.
hijdeh (K) = eighteen. See Kijdeh.
hile (IFb) = trick, ruse. See Kile,
hilebaz jL-jlLa (IFb) = trickster. See Kilebaz.
hill (IFb) = mirror. See hell,
him (SW/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK) = basis. See
Kim.
hin I -hin bun = a) to learn [syn: 'elimin; fer
bun; hu kirin (Kg)): •Mem li p£§iye te’lim K
terbiyeta xwe li cem daye distand, pa§e li
cem lele cure-cure ’ulim hin buye, ew
hini suwariye, tirav£jiy§ dikirin (K-d§, p.
88 ) Mem received his first education and training
from his mother, then he learned various sciences
from his pedagogue; he learned horseback riding
[and] archery; b) to get used to, grow accustomed
to (syn: 'elimin; rahatin): •Memo hin dibe, her
To ji ber xova radibe dige od£ (Z-3) Mem
gets into the habit of getting up and going to the
room every day; -hin kirin = to teach jsyn:
'elimandin; fer kirin; hel dan/kirin): •hinkirina
zimanS kurdi (Ber) the teaching of the Kurdish
language, (aiso: hu (Kg); [hin] q-j* (JJ)} = Sor fer
[F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
hin II (K/A/IF) = still, even. See hina.
hin III (Bw/OK) = cool. See henik.
hina L^ adv. [+ comparative adj.] still, even ( + ...-er):
•Diya wi neri go jina Mhemmed Xan ji wi
hina bedewtir e (L) His mother saw that M.
Khan’s wife was [lit. 'is'] even more beautiful than
he »Ev jina te ji te hina ne bedewtir be,
eze is me sere li we bixwinim (L) If this wife
of yours isn't even more beautiful than you, I will
cast a spell on you [both], [also: hin II (K/A/IF)}
(syn: he) [L/BX/K/A/IF]
hinik (IFb/GF/TF/SK) = cool. See h§nik.
hiro (IFb/JJ) = hollyhock. See hero.
*hirog (IFb) = apricot. See h§rtig [2].
his (Epl/Nudem) = feeling. See hest.
hi§i (IF) = tent flap. See he§i.
m a
hi§tin (XF) = to leave, let, abandon, allow. See
hi§tin.
hit (IFb) = angora goat. See Kitik.
hitik (FJ) = angora goat. See Kitik.
hiv «JLa /. (-a;-§). 1) moon: »!§ev hiv pir rohni
ye (AB) Tonight the moon is very bright; -Civata
Heyva Sor (BK) The Red Crescent Association
(Muslim equivalent of the Red Cross) ; -heyva
garde §eve (K/JB3) full moon [lit. ’moon of the
14th night [of the lunar month]’] *Riwe te ji
heyva gardehe rewgentir e (BX) Your face is
brighter than the moon on the 14th [of the month]
(=than the full moon); -heyva yek§evi
(Zeb/Hk/Am) moon on the first night of the lunar
month; -tava heyve (JB3)/~ hive (Ag)
moonlight; full moon; 2 ) (sj'/rmeh) month
(Zx/Czr/Bw). [also: hewy (SK); heyv (A/JB3/IF-
2 /BK/Zx/Czr/Bw); heyw (SK- 2 ); [hiw] oLa (JJ);
<hiv> oLa (HH)) =Sor mang JjL = ’moon,
month 1 ; Za a§me/a§mi/a§mi f. = ’moon' (Mal/Todd)
& meng(i) f = ’month’ (Mal/Todd) [F/BX/AB/Kg/
Ag/K/IF/B/JJ/HH/Rh//A/JB3/BK/Zx/Czr/B w//SK]
<roj; ster; tav>
hivdeh aojJl Jt (K) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
hiveron f. ( ;-e). 1) [syn: tavehiv)
moonlight, moonshine (IFb); brightness of the
moon (JJ); 2 ) full moon (K/B). [also: heyveron
(IFb); [hiwe rohen] (JJ)} [K/B//IFb//JJ]
hiv! (F/K/B) = hope. See hevi.
hividar (K) = hopeful; expectant. See hSvidar.
hiz (IF/A) = wineskin. See Kiz.
hizar jtysA (Z-3) = veil. See hezar.
hoc 7 ^ (FJ) = type of sandwich. See Kog.
hog’ik (K[s]) = sleeve. See hugik.
hodax m. ( ; hod£x [B]). l) farm hand,
laborer, worker (K); 2) cowherd (B); 3) man’s
name (K). [also: hodax (B)} <W Arm hodal
^ouhiaii = ’(young) shepherd' < hod ^orn = 'herd';
T hodah [Igdir -Kars] = 'cowherd' & [Erci§ -Van] =
'drover' & hodak [Giimu§hane; Artvin; Kars;
Erzurum; Tercan -Erzincan; Kigi (-Bingol);
262
Dogubayazit -Agri; Ahlat -Bitlis; Harput -Elazig] =
'farm hand, male servant' & hotak [Erzincan; Van]
- 'cowboy, one who looks after animals’ (DS, v.7,
p. 2391) )hodax[t]i) [K//B] <p’ale>
hodaxi (K) = farm work; servanthood. See
■ »
hodaxti.
hodaxti f. (). farm work, being a farm hand.
{also: hodaxi (K-2)) For etymology, see hodax. [K]
chodax; p’aleyi>
hodax (B) = farm hand; cowherd. See hodax.
h.ogeg (Wn/K) = young ram. See hogig.
hogig/hogig’ gfyjt in. (). three-year-old male sheep,
pre-adult ram (Wn/B§k/RJ); two-year-old ram
(K/B); three-year-old ewe (JJ). {also: hogeg (Wn/K);
ogeg (K-2); [(pez-i) hoghetch] ^j> GO (JJ); hogich
(RJ)} {syn: xirt) Cf. T oveg [£epni, Gemerek-Sivas]
= 'castrated ram' (DS, v. 9, p. 3299)
[B§k/A/B/RJ//Wn/K/JJ] <beran; berx; kavir; mi I;
pez>
hogir Jpt m. (). friend, companion (K/JB3/IF): -
heval-hogir = do.: •Heval-hogire Meme
geleki je hiz dikirin (Z-l) Mem's friends and
companions were very fond of him. {also: [hogher]
(JJ) } {syn: dost; heval; yar [1]) [Z-l/K/JB3/IF/JJ]
hoker f. (). adverb: -hokeren awaki (IF)
adverbs of manner; —en cihki (IF) adverbs of
place; — en giqasi (IF) adverbs of quantity; — en
demki (IF) adverbs of time; — en gumani (IF)
adverbs of doubt (?); — dn neyini (IF) adverbs of
negation. ( syn: *nir I[2] (IF); rengptye (neol.); zerf
(F)) [(neol)K/IF]
hoi I f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: gog f 1 ]; t’op III large ball
[as opposed to gog, small ball]’, sphere: -hoi bdn
(K) to roll (vi.) ; -hoi kirin (K) to roll (vt.) ; 2)
{syn: gog [2]) (hockey) puck, round wooden disk
which is hit with a stick in a game ; 3) a game,
played outdoors in summer, in which a ball (or
puck) is driven along with a stick [cf. hockey &
polo], {also: [hoi] Jlyfc (JJ); <hol> J(HH))
[K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] <gog; k’a§o>
hoi II f. ( ;-e). one’s immediate surroundings,
the area around one, midst: -anin hold (IFb) to
bring forth, produce: *Kardn ba§ anin hole
(IFb) [They] produced good work; -derk’etin
hold (Wit) to become evident, be clear, turn out
(e.g., that stg. is true): *Li gor legerin u
Idkolindn hatine kirin, derketiye hold ku
... (Wit) According to examinations and research
that has been done, it has come out [or, it is clear]
that ...; -ji hole rabdn (Wit) to disappear; to be
eliminated; -ji hold Takirin (Wit) to do away
with, eliminate: •Hergiqas av ji bo hemd
jindaran gavkaniyeke bingehin be ji, iro
di destd mirovdn “hemdem” de wek
pergaleke ji hole rakirina berhemdn
dirokd td bi kar anin (Wit 1:21, p.16)
Although water is a basic resource for all living
things, today it is being used by "modern" man as
an instrument for destroying historical artifacts «Ji
hole rakirina hebuna Kurdistan a le§keri,
abori, siyasi u civaki (Wit) Doing away with
the military, economic, political, and social
existence [or entity] of Kurdistan, {syn: hindav [2]}
Cf. T hoi = 'marketplace' <Fr halle
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF] <ort’e>
holik JJyjt (IFb/JJ/GF/TF) = hut. See Kolik.
hon (IF/JB3/OK) = you. See hun.
honan (-hon-) (IFb) = to twist; to smooth. See
hdnan.
honandin ^Ail 3 j 0 fc(IFb/OK/Wlt) = to twist; to smooth.
See hdnan.
honijin ^ (OK/JJ) = to yawn. See hdnijin[2].
honik Jjyjt (K[s]/IF/JB3) = cool. See henik.
honikahi (BX/IFh) = coolness. See hdnikayi.
• •
honikayi (K[s]) = coolness. See hdnikayi.
honin (-hon-) (K[s]/JB3/IF) = to twist; to smooth.
See hdnan.
bongo i&pb = you. See hdn.
hoqe (K/IFb/B) = oka (unit of weight). See Kuqe.
hori f. (-ya;-ye). houri, beautiful maiden
••
inhabiting paradise (according to Islam) : «Zind ji
horiya bedewtir bd (Z-l) Zin was more
beautiful than the houris *Zind ... mina horike
bik’ur li bihi§te bd (EP-7) Zin was like a virgin
houri in paradise, {also: huri I (IF- 2 /GF); Hori (SK);
[houri ^^/hour j^] (JJ); <Kuri> (HH)| < Ar
hurlyah Sor fiori [Z- 1 /F/K/IF/B//GF//
SK//JJ/HH]
horistan f. ( ;-d). land of the houris: «Ew
bajard horiaye, ew horistane (Ba3-3, # 11 ) It’s
the city of the houris, it’s “houri-land” «Hewzd
mini mermer heye, ini-ini ji horistand sd
qiz tdn, dik’evne avd d pa§d fir didin
digin (Ba3-3, #4) I have a marble pool, every
Friday three maidens come from “houri-land,"
263
they get in the water and later fly away. [Ba3]
<hori>
hos*e <u*$a f. 1 ) {syn.* galegurt; k’im-k’imi;
qajeqaj; qalmeqal; qareqar; qerebalix; qireqir;
§erqin) noise, commotion (Bw): •BigHk z§de
hose g§ dikin (Bw) [The] children make too
much noise *Hosa bigukan nexo§ e (Bw) The
noise of children is not pleasant; 2 ) anarchy, chaos,
uproar (OK). [Bw/OK] <bi hose; galigal; k’eft u
left>
hosta L«ja = (B) master. See osta.
hostati ^Ljpfc (K) = masterliness, expertise. See
ostati.
hov J£a adj. wild, savage, primitive, uncouth, cruel:
{of uncultured people: for wild animals, k’uvf
(qv.) is used (Haz)l . {syn: goli I; k’uvi; wah§:
T^kedi) {hovi; hoviti) [Ber/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK/Haz]
hovi (K/GF) = savagery. See hoviti.
••
hoviti f (). 1 ) wildness, savagery; 2 ) act of
savagery, cruelty: *Hovityek ji rejima fraqe
(Ber) An act of savagery from the Iraqi regime.
(a7so; hovi (K-2)) [Ber/K/IFb/TF/OK//GF] <hov>
hox m. (-§; ). plowed field: «Bere hoxe we
bajon / Hun se sed ft ew dido (Cxn- 2 : Cotkar
u Zevi) Let them plow your fields / You are 300,
and they [are only] two. {syn: k’ew§an [1]) <Arm
hoi <;nq = 'earth, land, soil' [Cxn-2/K/A/GF/Hej]
<beyar; k’ew§an; k’irebe; zevi>
hozan I ^ly^A f ()« poem, poetry, {syn: helbest; §er
II} [Ber/Hej/Bw/Zeb]
hozan II q\ jjp* (A/IFb/GF) = poet. See hozanvan.
hozanvan m. (). 1 ) {syn: *biwej; helbestvan;
§ayir| poet: •Hozanvan^ jehati ft §ehreza di
vehandina hozan ft helbestan da, desthel
ft pisporS lSkinana peyivan, evindare
ciwaniya siru§t£ Kurdistane bi giya ft geli
ft dol ft rftbaren xo ve (Nisret Haci. "Feqe
Teyran ft £iroken Binavkirina Wi," Peyam 5-6
[1996], 2 ) The poet skilled and expert at
composing poems and verses, handy and clever at
putting words together, enamored of the
Kurdistan's natural beauty with its mountains,
valleys, ravines, and rivers •Hozanvanet Kurd
(HoK) Kurdish poets [name of an important hook
by Sadiq Baha' al-Din Amedi]; 2 ) litterateur, writer,
man of letters, scholar, intellectual [cf. Ar adlb
v-ojI]. {also: hozan II (A/IFb/GF-2); <hozanvan>
jlifl j£a (Hej)) Cf. T ozan = 'bard'; now incorrectly
used for 'poet', an over zealous puristic attempt to
replace the Arabic word §air
[Ber/HoK/Bw/Zeb/GF/Hej//A/IFb] chozan I>
hri (J) = wool. See hiri.
hubir (EP-8) = ink. See liubir.
hucum (IF) = attack. See Eucftm.
hug*ik J^a f.(PS/K[s])/m.(SK) (•ka/*ike; ). 1)
♦
[syn: mil [3]; zendik) sleeve: •[Mem§ Ala herdu
keziyed Xatftn Zine ji hugka kevili ni§a
Qeretajdin kiriye] (PS-11) Meme Alan showed
Qeretajdin both of Lady Zin’s braids [sticking out]
from [under] the sleeve of the cloak; 2) cuff (of
sleeve). 1 also: desthftgik (IFb); hog’ik (K[s)); hugik
(GF); [huck-] (PS); [hiick-] J^a QJ)} Cf. NA hucke =
'long, open sleeve' (Turoyo: Ritter); = Sor feqyane
[PSTI/JJ/SK//K(s)//GF] <lewendi>
hufehuf m.(L)/f.(K) (-§/ ; ). raging or
crashing (of sea, waves) , blustering (of wind) : *Bft
hufehufe pelan (L) There was a crashing of
waves, {also: hufe-huf, f. (K)} [L//K]
hufe-hftf ojyfc ^>A’ f- (K) = raging, blustering. See
hufehuf.
hujir (AA) = fig. See hejir.
hukm jJ^a (IFb) = power; command. See Kuk’um.
hukumat oL^ (IFb) = government. See Kuk’umet.
hukftmet 0< Un^ A (OK) = government. See
Kuk’umet.
bull ^^a (OK/AA) = plum. See Kilft I.
• •
hulire§k «JLi<oJ*a (IFb) = black plum. See Kftlire§k.
hulm pJ_^_A (K) = steam; hreath. See hilm.
hulft j^J^a (GF) = plum. See Kilu I.
bun (IFb/OK) = you. See hftn.
hunandin jjjbya (TF) = to twist; to smoothe. See
hftnan.
hundir a = inside. See hindur.
hundur j^aJi^a (K/IF/B) = inside. See hindur.
hune <q^A (IFb) = henna. See Kene.
huner j^i^A (IFb/SK/GF/TF/JJ) = art, skill. See hiner.
hunermend aj^j^^a m.&f. (-&/ ; ) artist: “Heke
§ivan xwe bi hunermende gel,
hunermendeki §ore§g£r binase, ... (Roj
1 [1996]:52) If Shivan considers himself an artist of
the people, a revolutionary artist, .... {also:
hinermend (K)} Cf. P honarmand aj ^,= 'artist,
artisan'; Sor hunermend aJ^j^^a = ’skillful'
[Roj/IFb/GF/TF//K(s)] <hiner>
hung Jj^a (SK) = you. See hftn.
hungiv oiCj. * (F) = honey. See hingiv.
264
hunin (M) = to twist; to smoothe. See hunan. Xo§naw); Za §ima [F/K/A/IFb/BK/}J/HH/GF/OK//
huqe Aiyfc (A) = oka (unit of weight). See fiuqe. BX//JB3//SK//JB1-A] <tu I> See also we.
hurmet o f (-a;-e). 1 ) { syn: jin; pirek) woman; hunan ^ vt. (-hun-). 1 ) to twist, wind; to braid,
2) wife; 3) {syn: 'erz; giram; me’rifet [1]; qedir I; fez plait; to [inter]weave: # Berhem Ii ser heqiqete
II; rumet) respect, honor, esteem (K/B): -hurmet hatiye honandin (Wit 2:59, p. 12 ) The [literary]
girtin (Ba 2 ) to respect: Dasini mezhebek e, work is based on [lit. ’woven around’] the truth
fizedi ji dibejine ... mezineki wan •Qliroka film li ser miroveki ku naxwaze
zemaneki hebh, nawe wi c Eli Beg bu ... here le§keriya dewleta Tirk u li ser kek§
zedetir Rurmeta melan u qe§an digirt ji wi, hatiye honandin (Wit 2:59, p.ll) The plot
kogekan. Ew dibejine ‘ulemaet xo kogek [lit.‘story'] of the film has been woven around a
(SK 39:344) The Dasinis are a sect, also called man who doesn’t want to serve in the Turkish
Yezidis ... once they had a leader whose name was
Ali Beg ... He respected the mullahs and Christian
priests more than the kochaks. They call their own
religious authorities 'kochak' *Ewi [sic] geleki
dil§ewat bu u t 5 u cara meriya fa xirabi
nedikir, lema ji gund da gi§ka hurmeta wi
digirt (Ba2:l, p.204) He was very sympathetic
and never harmed anyone, so in the village
everyone respected him; -hurmet kirin (JJ) to
receive (a guest) favorably; 4) authority (K/B).
{also: hermet; Rennet (Z- 2 ); hurmet (SK); [hurmet
kirin] ^ (JJ); <Kirmet> c—^ (HH)] < Ar
hurmah = 'sacredness, reverence; woman'->
T hurmet [Z-2//F/K/IF/B/JJ//HH//SK]
hurme ^(K/F/Ba 2 /B) = pear. See herme.
•»
huskik Slyfc (Bw) = ladle. See hesk.
husta = (M-Zx) master. See osta.
husulcemal JL^J^yb/husul-cemal
[EP-7] f. (). a beauty, a beautiful woman: •Meme
sere xwe ji xewa §irin hiltine, / Husul-
cemaleke p’a§la xweda divine (EP-7) Mem
awakes [lit. ’lifts his head'] from sweet sleep / He
sees a beauty in his arms, {also: Rusilcemal (K)}
[syn: p’eri [ 2 ]) < Ar husn wa-jamal JL^. =
'handsomeness and beauty' [EP-7/Z-1/K]
husun (M/SK) = to rub. See hesun.
hu§yar (L) = awake; aware. See Ri§yar.
hu^jfc: hu kirin (Kg) = to teach. See hin I.
hugik (GF) = sleeve. See hugik.
M
hull (Mzg) = eagle; falcon. See elih.
hfin pm. [obi. we/hewe [Botan/Bw/OK-
2]/hingo [SK]). you (pi.) . {also: hingu (BX-
Behdinan); bon (IFb/JB3/OK-2); hongo; hun (IFb-
2/OK-2); hung (SK); hung (JB1-A/GF-2/OK-2); tin
(Z- 2 /F); [houn] jy* (JJ); <hun> (HH)) Cf. P
§oma Li; Sor ewe (Sulaimania/Kerkuk/
Warmawa)/engo <6 (Mukriyan/Arbil/Rawanduz/
army, and around his brother; 2 ) to smooth (M).
{also: honan (-hon-) (IFb); honandin (IFb-
2/Wlt/OK); honin (-hon-) (K[s]/JB3/IF-2); hunandin
(TF); hunin (M); hunandin (-htin[in]-) (K- 2 /B- 2 /GF);
[hounan] jb«j& (JJ)) Sor honin[ewe] [oj«JjcJjp& (-hon-)
= 'to plait, string (beads)' [K/B/JJ//JB3/IF//M]
hunandin Qjjb^f-huntin]-) (K/B/GF) = to twist; to
smoothe. See hunan.
hung (JBl-A/GF/OK) = you. See hfin.
•>
hungilisk (Btm/Mzg) = (finger) ring. See
gustil.
htir I JJ3 Jb aclj. 1) small, petty (change); 2) tiny; 3) fine,'
minute: -hur kirin = a) to mince, chop up, cut
finely {syn: hincinin): •Qmn ji B. re berxek
§erjekirin u ji birinci, ji sintibera ti ji
duve wi hur kirin (L) They went and
slaughtered a lamb for B. and chopped up its [?],
breast, and tail; b) to make change (of money):
•Ev zere hana ji mira htir bike, t’emam
bike mecidine, quru§ u gerxine (Z- 2 ) Make
change for these gold pieces, give me silver coins,
twenty piasters and five piasters; -htir nih§rin (K)
to examine carefully, go over with a fine-tooth
comb. ) also: [hour] (JJ); <hur> jyb (HH)) Cf. P .
xurd j> s.; Sor wurd jj^/hurd j(K2 -2) = ’small
(esp. of children under ten years old), precise,
attentive' {hurani; htiravi; huri II)
[L/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/GF]
hur II a (A/JJ) = bowels, intestines. See ur.
hurani (K) = smallness. See hfirayi.
htirayi f (). tininess, minuteness; smallness,
pettiness, {also: hurani (K); huri II (K)} [K] <hur I>
hfirdem f. (). minute, unit of time consisting
of sixty seconds, {svn: deqe) [(neol)IFb/OK]
hurgili ^fj&Jt adj./adv. detailed, in detail: •Rojtira
m •
din§ §var§ met’a Zozan hate mala me H
derheqa w§ yek§da hfirgili mera gilt kir
265
(Ba2-#2, p.208) The next day in the evening, Aunt
Zozan came to our house and told us in detail
about it. [Ba 2 /K/B]
h^l^h^irik , Aj&jbj&jb adj. 1 ) fine (in small particles);
2) ?unripe, immature, [also: hurhuri (K/B))
[JB1-A//K/B] <hur I>
hurhuri (K/B) = fine. See hurhurik 5 &
htlrik.
hfirik adj. 1 ) fine (in small particles) (K); tiny
(B/A/IF): -hurik-hurik: a) [en peu] (JJ); bj gently,
easily, slowly (HR- 1 ); -htirik-milrik (IF) itsy-
bitsy, teeny-weeny; 2 ) [m. [).] crumb, tiny bit
(K/B); particle, atom (JJ); 3) small change, petty
cash (K/JB3). [also: [hourik] J I(JJ))
[HR-1/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ] <hurhurik 5 >
huri I (IF/GF) = houri. See horf.
• a
huri II (K) = smallness. See hilrayi.
hu§i (GF) = bunch of grapes. See
hilt ojyjb m. (-e;-i). 1) monster, ogre (K/JB3/IF/B):
-Ktit§ bin§ be’r§ (B) underwater monster; 2)
whale (IF/JJ). [also: Hut (K/B); [hout], 0 * 3 . (JJ)} < Ar
hut 0 * 3 . = ’whale, leviathan, large fish'
[L/JB3/IF/JJ//K/B] <dew>
hwd. abbr . (=her weki din) et cetera, etc. =Sor
htd. jjjfc (heta duwayi \5*Jb) [Wlt/IFb]
11
fiac^-U. (K) = pilgrimage (to Mecca). See Kec.
KacKacik ctL?.l>=wU. f. ( ;-e). swallow (bird) , zool.
Hirundo . {also: hechecik (IF); hechecik (A);
hechegoq (JB3/OK); fiecheck (K/B); hechegoq, m.
(OK-2); Kejfiejik (Srk); fiicfiicok (Haz); [hadj-hadjk]
«jL.U^l>(JJ)l ( syn: dumeqesk; hacire§k [2];
meqesork; qernequgik) [Ad//K/B//A//JB3/OK//
IF//JJ//Srk//Haz]
liaci (K/F/JJ/HH) = pilgrim (to Mecca). See Keci.
hacire§ (HH) = swallow. See Kacire§k.
Kacire§k f. Q. 1 ) {svn: legleg) stork, zool.
Ciconiidae (K/B); 2) [svn: dumeqesk (F); hachacik;
meqesork (F); qernequgik (IF)) swallow, zool.
Hirundo (JB3/IF/JJ/TF/GF); swift, a variety of
swallow (HH) [Ar xuttaf oiks.]. | also: hacire^k
(JB3/IF/TF/OK); liacire§; [ahhgi resc] (JJ-G); [h‘aji
resk] (JJ-Lx); <hacire§> (HH))
[JB3/IF/TF/OK//K/GF//JJ//HH]
hafiz jiU. m. (). 1) Koran reciter; 2) f syn: kor) blind,
blind man: *Nav li denge we bihistiye go
gav§ hafiza g§dike (L-l #3, p.74, 11.25-26) He
had heard of her fame, that she cured the eyes of
the blind; 3) keeper, tender (JJ). {also: hafiz; [hafiz]
ksL. (JJ)} < Ar hafiz kjL> hafiz means "Koran
reciter" jrecitateur du Qoran]. Since blind men
often filled this office , the word Hafiz came to be
synonymous with kor (blind) (L) [p. 250]
[L/K/IF/JJ]
hakim m. (-e;-i). 1 ) {svn: p’ad§a; qiralj ruler,
magistrate, king; governor of a province (JJ): -qiza
hakim (L) princess, magistrate's daughter; 2) {svn:
dadpirs) judge, {also: hakim (L); [hakim] piG. (JJ))
< Ar hakim JG [L/K/JB3/IF/M/JJ]
Kal JG m. (-§;-i). 1 ) {svn: dest u dar; 1'iewal;
kawdan; few§) condition, state: -bi Kal (Bw)
pregnant; -hale fk-e /Kal [di] fk-e da
neman/nebun - to be in bad shape {svn: ruH ...
neman): •HalS min t’une (Z-l) I'm in bad shape
•Hal Memeda nemaye, du-se roja §hnda
Meme we getinayeda nadebire (Z-l) M. is in
bad shape; in two or three days he will no [longer]
be alive from the hardship of it •Hespeki bave
M. hebu, ... pi§ta wi bubu birin, Kal teda
nemabh (Z-l) M.'s father had a horse ... its back
was wounded, it was in bad shape; -ji halS xwe
razi bhn (IF) to be happy with one’s lot; -mal u
C
Kal (Z-l) household responsibilities: • [After the
death of Mem & Zin] Dest§ P 5 eri-xatftn§ ji mal
h Kala sar bfibti. (Z-l) Peri Khatun lost interest
[lit. 'her hand got cold from’] her household duties
•Min mal h Kal§ xwe, bavS xwe
t’erkandye (EP-7) I have left my home and father
(^family); -xwe xistin vi hali = to be in a bad
way [lit. ’to drop o.s. into this state’]: # Q!za min,
gima te xwe xistiye vi hali? (L) My daughter,
why are you in such bad spirits?; 2 ) health (JJ); state
of health (B); 3) ?fever, typhus (JJ). [also: hal
(IFb/TF/OK-2); [hal] JU (JJ); <Kal> JU (HH)) < Ar
hal JU [Z-1/K/JB3/B/JJ/HH/JB1-A&S/SK/GF/
OK//IFb/TF] <Kewal>
lialu (K) = being on edge (of teeth). See aid I.
Kamam (JBl-S) = bath. See Kemam.
Kasil 0 LU (JBl-S/SK/OK/JJ) = product; crop; income.
See hasil.
hawid jjU m. (-e; ). 1 ) camel’s hump (Qzl/IFb):
•Deve (= deveye) ji hawide xwe bixwe
(Qzl) Said of s.o. who is dipping into his own
savings, living at his own expense; 2 ) camel's
packsaddle (GF/FJ). {also: hawid (IFb/GF/[FJ])}
[Qzl//IFb/GF/(FJ)J <he§tir>
hazir jjU. adj. 1 ) {svn: amade) ready, prepared:
•Wacib me ya hel kiri, bel§ hemi me
nehelkiriye. Ve care k’eyfa te ye, k 5 an§ d§
tu gi li me key, em t hazir in (M-Am #717)
We ... did our homework, but we haven't done all
of it. Now it's as you please. We are ready for
whatever you will do to us; -hazir kirin
(JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK): a) to prepare, make ready:
• Meri got e, ’’Dibejim do derw§§ m§wan§t
me ne. Zadeki hazir ke." Jine got, "Ma tu
nizani gu di kawilemala teda niye? Ez ji
k§-dere Kazir bikem?" (SK 23:212) The
husband said, "I say that we have two dervishes as
guests. Prepare a meal." The wife said, "Why, don’t
you know that in this ruin of yours there isn’t
anything? Where am I to prepare it from?"; b) to
summon, have s.o. brought: *Pa§i 'Iso Kazir
kir, got e 'Iso, "Here, bizane ew gi qafile
ye." (SK 22:204) Then he had Iso brought and
said to him, "Go and find out what caravan this is"
•Rojeki [sic] di qafileyek hat e Am6di§.
Pa§a hemi xulamet xo hazir kirin (SK
267
ft
22:203) Another day a caravan came to Amadiya.
The Pasha summoned all his henchmen; c) to
bring: «Pa§a kasikeki gini bo aw-xarinewa
xo hebo, gelek gak bo. Li meclise Kazir
kir. Hemi xulamet xo gazi kirin (SK 22:198)
The Pasha had a very fine china cup from which to
drink water. He brought it to the assembly and
summoned all his henchmen; 2 ) present, in
attendance: *Sadiq Beg izna xo xast, go
mala xo. §ewe hemi xulamet xo digel
axaet Kazir bon gazi kirin (SK 26:240) Sadiq
Beg took his leave and went home. At night he
summoned all his henchmen and the aghas who
were present berxe gelek ctin dan e
min. Se w §wan Kazir bon, ne§yam tola xo
we-kem (SK 5:57) That lamb abused me greatly.
The shepherd and his dog were present so I could
not take my revenge, {also: hazir (K/IFb/B/GF);
[hazir] (JJ); <hazir> (HH)) < Ar hadir
= 'ready, present’; Sor liazir jjU.
[JBl-A/SK//JJ/HH//K/IFb/B/GF]
Keb f.(K/B/JB1 -S/OK [2[)/m.(OK [l&4[) ( ;-e/ ).
1 ) {syn: lib) seed, kernel, grain; 2 ) small quantity,
small amount: -Kebek[i] = a little bit [svn: hineki;
Kekeki (Ad); pigek): •Lawo, xewa min te, ez
dikim hebeki razem (L) Son, Pm sleepy, I’m
going to lie down for a bit; 3) general counting
word (for things and people) : *du Keb = two [in
answer to a question such as ‘How many would
you like?'] *Sive lexin, sere neh-deh Keva ji
bi§k£nin (FK-kk- 1 ) Tomorrow heat up [more
children], crack the skulls of nine or ten; 4) pill,
tablet (medicine) (K/IF). {also: Kev II (FK-kk- 1 );
[heb] (JJ); <Keb> ^ (HH)) < Ar habb[ah]
[*]L = grain(s), seed(s)' [L/K/JB3/B/JJ/JBl-S/GF/
OK//FK-kk-l] <[3] kit>
Kebandin vt. (-Kebin-). to love: •Hemh
xort§ y£r£ bfibfin ma§oqe we, le we t’u
kes nediKeband (Ba) All the local youths were
in love with her, but she didn't love anyone, {also:
hebandin (JB3/IF); [hebandin] (JJ)) (syn: je
44 #
Kez kirin) < Ar hubb = 'love'
[Ba/F/K/JB3/IF/JJ/M/B] See also evandin. <Kub>
Kebs ^^3. f (-a;-§). prison, jail: •Aqilb Sixir aza
dike ji hevse (Ba3-3, #3) Jacob frees Sikhir from
prison *Heger §erdS wi nanin, wan digire,
dixe hebse (L) If they don't complete his
[assigned] tasks, he arrests them, and throws them
in prison; -kirin/avetin Kebse = to imprison,
throw in jail, {also: hebs (JB3/IF); hevs (Ba3-3);
Kevs (Ba3-3); [habis] {J ^ (JJ); <Kebs> (HH))
{syn: girtigeh; zindan) < Ar habs
[L/K/B/HH//JB3/1F//JJ]
Kec f ( ;-e). pilgrimage to Mecca, hadj, one of
the five pillars of Islam : *Dotra Toja, ko merik
bere xwe da Kece (Dz-anecdote #22) The day
after the man left for the hadj, ...; -gune Kace (K)
to go on the hadj. {also: hac (A/IF); hec (IF-2); l'iac
(K); Kecc (SK); [hop] ^ (JJ)) <Ar hajj ^ [cf. Heb
hag an = '(Jewish) holiday']-> T hac; Sor Kec^-^
[Dz//SK//A/IF//K//JJ] <Keci>
liecc (SK) = pilgrimage (to Mecca). See Kec.
hecheck (K/B) = swallow (bird) . See
KacKacik.
l'iechegoq m. (OK) = swallow (bird) . See
KacKacik.
Keci m. (). one who has completed the
• •
pilgrimage to Mecca, hadji: «Roja vegera
Keciyan hati bu (Dz-anecdote #22) The day of
the hadjis’ [^pilgrims’] return had arrived, {also:
haci (A/IF/GF-2); heci (IF-2); liaci (K/F); [hadj
^-G/hadji (JJ); <liaci> (HH)) <Ar hajj ^
--> T haci; Sor Kaci [Dz/B/SK/GF//F/K/
JJ/HH//A] <Kec>
Kecran (Z-2) = separation; reason; insult. See
hecran.
Keg 5 ni. (-S; ). summit, peak, top (of mountain) :
•Qaxe meriv jela li Keg’e g’iye diniheri,
meriv t’ire we dere kela ge kirine (Ba2:l.
p.203) When one looked at the mountaintop, one
would think they had built a fortress there, {also:
Keg’ik f. (B)} (syn: gopk; kop; kumt) [Ba2//B]
heg’ik f. (B) = mountain peak. See Keg 5 .
Keg’i[ye] [^J-o^ (HR-I) = as for. See hergi [3].
Ked m. (-e; ). 1) (syn: sinor; t’ixub) border, limit,
frontier, boundary: -Ked ft sed (EP-7) obstacles
and harriers (lit. Ar ’border and dam/barricade']:
•Dinyaeda heye Ked ft sed (EP-7) In the world
there are obstacles and barriers; 2) (syn: destur [2];
heq [1]; maf) (legal) right: «flede bave k 5 e heye
... (Z-l) Whose father has the right to [or dares to]
•Hede min t’une ez ewe bikim (Z-l) I don't
have the right to do that «Hede wi giye ko
nave min kar tine? (IFb) What right does he
have to [=How dare he] use my name? Eedd
hebft ji qir§eki Ketta pft§eki ti§teki b§jite
268
ft
wi? (SK 36:323) Who would have dared to say
anything [lit. ’from shavings to dry grass'] to him?
{also: hed (JB3/IF); hedd (SK); [hed] j^- (JJ)) < Ar
w
hadd jo-; Sor lied j^ = 'limit, authority, right'
[Z-l/K/JJ/B/OK//JB3/IFb//SK]
Kedad jIj*:*. m. ( ; Keded, vi Kedadi). blacksmith.
{also: hedad; hedadgi; [hedad] jIjo. (JJ)! {syn:
hesinger; nalbend; solbend) < Ar haddad j) jo.
[K/B/JJ]
hedadgi ^jIj^ = blacksmith. See Kedad.
hedd jj^ (SK) = limit, authority, right. See Ked.
Kef*ik tjido- f. (• [i]ka; ). 1 ) {syn: gewri) throat, front
of neck (Ak/Bw/Zx/IF/JJ): *Kure wi hire her
selbe, §irit ina ku de Kefika wi teda inin
(M-Ak #677, p.306) His son was taken to the
gallows and a rope brought to put his neck in; 2 )
pharynx (IFb): 3) ?Adam's apple (JJ) [havk], {also:
hefik (IFb); Fiewik (SK); [afk(a) eli)/havk (JJ))
Sor ewik = 'throat' [Ak/Bw/Zx//IFb//JJ//SK]
Keft os nuni. seven, 7: *her heft ji (Dz) all seven
of them, {also: heft (A/IFb/OK-2); lievt (B); l'iewt
(SK- 2 ); [heft] (JJ); <lieft> oJl. (HH)] [Pok.
septm 909.] ’seven’: Skt sapta; O Ir *hafta (<haftm):
Av hapta; Mid P haft (M3); P haft Sor liewt
oj^./heft ovSao (Arbil [MR/'eft (Arbil [M]); Za
Kewt; Hau liewt (M4) [A/JB3/IFb/JI/GF/TF//K7HH/
SK/JB 1 -A/OK//B] <hevdeh; 11 efte II: Fieftek>
Kefta adj. seventh. | also: haftye (JB 1 -S); heftan
(IF): heftem (A/IF-2); hcftemin (IF-2); hefti II (IF-2);
lieftan (K-2); 1'iefPe III (JBl-A); lievta (B); [hefti/hafte
(Rh)] (jJut, (JJ)) Cf. P haftom Sor liewtem[in]
Za Fiewtin (Todd) [F/K//JB 1 -S//IF//A//
JB 1 -A//B//JJ] <lieft>
lieftan (K) = seventh. See Kefta.
hefte (Rh) = week. See Kefte I.
Keft*e I f. (*iya;*iye: indefinite: Keftiyek).
week: -heftiya bori (WM 1 : 2 , p.14) last week.
{also: hefte (A/)B3/IFb/TF/OK); liefte (Rh): hefti;
lievte I m. (B); liewti (SK); [hefte] (JJ); <l'iefti>
LS J^ (HH)| ( syn: ini [ 2 ]) Cf. P hafte -> T hafta;
Sor liefte Za l'iefte m. (Todd)
[K//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/TF/OK//B//HH//Rb//SK]
Eeft@ II nuni. seventy, 70, {also: hefte
(A/IFb/TF/OK- 2 ); hefti I (JB3/IFb-2); lievte II (B);
[hefti] CJ xiA (JJ); <Kefte> ( jJo. (HH)] Skt saptatf-; Av
haptaiti-; P haftad jL**; Sor l'iefta Za Ilewtay
(Todd); Hau Kefta (M4) [K/HH/OK//A/IFb/TF//
JB3/JJ//B] <Keft>
Eeft’e III xas. (JBl-A) = seventh. See Kefta.
Keftek cifCiAo f (-a; ). a seventh, 1/7. {also:
<hevtek> (AR)) Sor Kewt-yek
(Sulaimania & Kerkuk)/Keft-yek (Arbil)
[Zeb//AR]
hefti = week. See Kefte I.
Keftftzk Jj^3*0- f. (-a;-e). sore or boil in the armpit.
{also: hevtuzk (K/B)) [Qzl//K/B]
lieikel (F) = statue. See heyk’el.
hei§ta IaaJco. (F) = eighth. See Key§ta.
lieiwan j)^J^ (F) = animal. See Key wan.
Kej I j<^ f. (-a; ). motion, movement (in its various
meanings) . [also.* hej (A); [hej] (JJ)} [F/Dz//A/JJ]
<bizav>
hej II hej kirin (BX) = to love. See Kez.
liejan jl (K) = to tremble. See Kejin.
Kejandin j Jjlj vt. (-Kejin-). 1 ) to rock (vt.) ,
shake, cause to sway: *Ser§ wi dihejine (L) She
rocks his head; 2 ) to brandish, wave (a weapon) in
a menacing fashion (M): *Min §ivdara xwe
bilind kir u ser wi da Kejand (Ba 2 : 2 , p.206) I
raised my staff and waved it at him *§ilr bi ser
mir Zeydinva diKejine (Z- 2 ) He waved his
sword at Mir Zeydin. | also: hejandin
(A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/0K); hijandin (M/SK);
[hejandin] qj jj)jj& (JJ); <hezandin jjjjyj* (dihezine)
C^ujju&j^/hejandin jjoljjss (dihejine) (<\a>aaj)>
(HH)) Cf. Ar V h-z-z jjt - ’to shake’
[L/K/B//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/0K//M/SK]
<dawe§andin; Jiejin; kil II kirin; lorandin>
hejde ojj*o- (HH) = eighteen. See Kijdeh.
liejdeh (HH) = eighteen. See Kijdeh.
hejliejik (Srk) = swallow (bird). See
KacKacik.
Kejik m. (). 1) twigs used as firewood: -hejik ti.
pejik (GF-Cigerxwin) small branches, twigs; 2 )
sharp, pointy twigs used for making wooden fences
(Zeb). {also: hejik (JBl-A/GF/TF); <hejik>
(HH)) [Haz//HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/Zeb] cezing; qogik>
Kejimar (B) = number; issue/of a journal) . See
hejmar.
Kejin vi. (-Kej-). to shake, tremble, quiver
(vi.); to sway, rock (vi.); -ji ci Kejin (B)/ji ciy6
xwe Kejin (K) to stir, budge, move from its place.
{also: hejan (GF); hejin (A/IFb/TF/AD); liejan (K-2);
[hejiian] (JJ); chezin g^>A/hejin (dihezi)
C cS >fcj)/(diheji) C cS ^j)> (HH)) {syn: kil II bun;
lerzln; ricifin) [K/B//A/IFb/HH/TF/AD//JJ//GF]
269
<Eejandin>
tiejkiri = beloved. See Eezkiri.
Kejmar jLj ^ (B) = number; issu e(of a journal) . See
hejmar.
Eekaet (SK) = story. See Eekyat.
Eekayet (SK) = story. See Eekyat.
Eekete (JBl-A/OK) = story. See Eekyat.
Eekim/Eek’im [B- 2 ] m. (-6; ). doctor,
physician: »Eger sa’eteke pe§tir hung
nexo§iya xo bi Eakfmet Kaziq ft xerxaz
derman neken, mikrobe cehalete ft sefraye
sefahete ... pigek maye hingo bikujit (SK
57:660) If you do not have skilled and well-
meaning physicians treat your disease within the
hour, then the microbe of ignorance and the bile of
stupidity ... will kill you within a short while.
(aiso: hekim (IFb); [hekim] (JJ); <hekim> ^
(HH)) ( syn: biji§k; duxtor; nojdar} < Ar hakim ^S G.
[Z-l/K/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK//IFb]
Eekyat oLT^ /. (-a;-d). story, tale: •Hik’yated
Cima'eta Kurdie (J) Tales of the Kurdisb
Community (title of a book of Kurdish folktales
compiled by Cindi) »fiikyeta me vira xilas
dibe (Ks) Our tale ends here, {aiso; hik’ayet;
hik’yat; hekaet (SK); hekayet (SK-2); liekete (JBl-
A/OK); Kik’iyat (B); hikyat (J); hik’yat (B); lrikyet
(Ks); [hikat] ol£> (JJ); <hikayet> (HH)} {syn:
g’irok; mesel; qise) < Ar hikayah Zu\ £G-> P hikayat
oobG.; —> T hikaye; —> Arm hek‘eat‘ m^biup ;
Hau hekayete f. = 'story' (M4) [Ks//F/K//B//J//
JJ/HH//SK//JB 1 -A/OK]
► m. Q. storyteller, {also: hik’i[y]atgi
(B)l {syn: biwije, m. (JB3); g’irokbej; Kik’i[y]atdar
(B)l [F/K//B]
Eekyatg!
Eel J m. (). 1) solution (to a problem) : -Eel kirin
(Ba3): a) to solve (mystery), interpret (dream) {syn;
§iro vekirin): *Hftn ev§ xewna min Eel
bikin, ji minra b§jin (Ba3) Interpret this dream
of mine, tell me [what it means]; b) to do (one's
homework): *Me wacib gelek hebftn, me
wacib§t xo hem! Eel nekirin (M-Am #716)
We had a lot of homework and we haven't done all
our homework; 2) interpretation (of a dream)
(Ba3). [also: [hel] J*. (JJ)} <Ar hall (Vh-1-1) =
’solution' [Ba3/K//JJ]
Eelal adj. 1 ) j^heram) permitted, allowed
(religious; according to Islam): »We Eelal be
berx ft karo (Ba) May your lambs and kids be
blessed; -Eelal kirin (L) to ask forgiveness before
departing or dying; "Mutually to ... forgive all that
has been ... unjustly taken or done (usually
performed on death beds, before battles, or long
separations)" [RTI, p. 471]; "to forgive each other
any outstanding obligations (before a long
separation, upon concluding an agreement)" [RC,
p. 163]; 2) ?pure, clean; 3) ?honest, sincere, [also:
helal (IF); [helal] J^G- (JJ)) < Ar halal J^G- --> T helal
{Eelal!} [K/JJ/B//IF]
Eelal! f (-ya; ). being permitted (religious;
• •
according to Islam) . [B] <helal>
Eelan m. (-6; ). boulder; large, flat rock, [also:
helan (IFb); <helan> (Hej)) [Zeb/Hej//IFb]
<kevir; tat>
Eelandin vt. (-Eelin-). to melt, smelt,
dissolve: *Te cemeda ser dile xwe hiland
(Qzl) You melted the ice in your heart, [also:
hilandin (Qzl); [helandin] (JJ)) [syn:
bihogtin) [K/B/JJ/[GF]//IFb/TF/RZ//Qzl] <Helin>
helatin (-Kele-) (SK) = to flee. See hilhatin [2].
helawjY*^ f (K/GF/JJ/HH) = halvah. See helva.
belbet (B) = of course; absolutely. See helbet.
lielhan (M-Zx/Bw) = to melt; to thaw. See
Eelin.
-Keli (GF) = step-, pseudo-. See -Kill I.
Kelil f ( ;-e). confection made of boiled grape
juice and flour, which is dried, cut into chunks and
eaten [T kesme]. [aJso: helir (IFb); <herir ^_>>./helil
(HH)) [Krb/Mdt/HH//IFb] <bastiq; dims>
Eelin vi. (-Eel-). 1) to melt (also fig.) :
•Wexta Mem§ dihat diwana mir ... [Z!ne]
t’ime Mem§ didit u bi Kizkirine diKeliya
(Z-l) When Mem would come to the prince's court
... [Zin] would always see Mem and would be
melting with love •[Mem is in prison] Meme nan,
av k’etibft, §ev ft roj difikir! ft diEel!ya.
Qiqas Meme zindaneda diEeliya usa j!
Zina delal diha ze’f bona Meme xwe
diEel!ya ft dip’erit! (Z-l) ... The more Mem
'melted' in prison, the more Zin pined for him;
2) to thaw, melt (of snow): *Yer§ wi gundi aran
bft, zivistana wi gundi qe t’unebft, her
carna berf dik’et ew j! zft diKeliya (JB 2 -
§amilov) That village was situated in a warm plain,
it had no winter at all, [and] every time snow fell it
quickly melted; 3) to dissolve (also fig.), [also:
heliyan (JB3/IFb);helin (IFb-2); Kelhan (M-Zx/Bw);
270
fielyan (M); [heliian] ^LL. (JJ); <fielan (diKele)
CaL>j)> (HH)) <Ar halla Vh-1-1 = 'to dissolve,
fade 1 [Z-l/K/GF//JB3/IFb/JJ/B//M//M-Zx/Bw//HH]
<biho§tin; fielandin>
fielu (SK) = smooth. See hild I.
Kelwe f (B) = halvah. See helva.
fielyan (M) = to melt; to thaw. See fielin.
Kemam pL*s- f. (-a;-e). bath(house): # Rojeke
Ehmed Qelebi gu hemame. Ji hemame
derket, zerek da hemamgi (Rnh 2:17, p.307)
One day Ahmed Chelebi went to the bathhouse.
[When] he came out of the bathhouse, he gave the
bathhouse owner a gold piece, [also: hemam
(JB3/IFb/OK-2); 1'iamam (JBl-S); [hemam] pbo. (JJ);
<hemam> -.Lo- (HH)) [svn: germav [2]] < Ar
I **
hammam pLo- <Vh-m-m = 'to be hot'
[K/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/0K//JB3/IFb//JBl-S] <liemami§;
§u§tin>
Kemamgi in. (). 1 ) bathhouse owner, keeper
of a bathhouse: *Rojeke Ehmed £elebi gu
hemame. Ji hemame derket, zerek da
hemamgi. fiemamgi deriye hemama xwe
girt, gd mala xwe. Jina wi got-e, tu gire
hati ji hemama xwe? Got, tucar min wek
iro kar ne kiriye; yek hatiye zerek daye
min (Rnh 2:17, p.307) One day Ahmed Chelebi
went to the bathhouse. [When] he came out of the
bathhouse, he gave the bathhouse owner a gold
piece. The bathhouse owner closed the door of his
bathhouse, and went home. His wife asked him,
“Why have you come from your bathhouse?" He
said, “I’ve never made a profit like today; someone
came and gave me a gold piece!"; 2 ) bathhouse
attendant (F/K/B/HH). {also: hemamgi (OK);
[hemamdji] C5 ^«Lo» (JJ); <Kemamgi> (HH))
<liemam + -gi = T suffix denoting profession
[Rnh/F/K/B/HH//OK//JJ] <delak; hemam; ser$o>
Iiemami§ A.3- « -Kemami§ bdn (K/B) to bathe
(vi.), take a bath; -Kemami§ kirin (K/B) to bathe
(vt.), give s.o. a bath: «T§ mi bibi hemame,
Kemami§ biki (Z-4) You will take me to the
bathhouse [and] bathe me. [also: hemami§ (L))
<hemam + -mi§ T verbal suffix [Z-4/K/B//L]
<liemam>
Kembez = embrace. See Kemez.
hem§z f ( ;-e). embrace, hug: -Kemez kirin
= to hug, embrace (vt.); -hev Kem&z kirin = to
hug (vi.), embrace each other, {also: hemez (KS);
Kembez; [hemiz] (JJ); <himbez> (HH))
{syn: p 5 a§il [2]] Sor amez yl^b/ambaz jL-li
[Z-1/K/IF/B//JJ//KS//HH]
Kemis adj. 1) black (of dogs) (Rwn/K); 2) with
white face and black body (of goats) (Frq):
•bizina Kemis (Frq) nanny goat with white face
and black body. [Rwn/K/Frq] <re§>
hemi (OK/HH) = all. See Kemd.
Kemle adj. pregnant (only of human females),
expecting, in the family way, with child: •Hespa
teye avis derk’eve, jina tey£ hemle
derk’eve (Z-922) Your mare will become
pregnant [avis], and your wife will become with
child [Kemle] *Qiz Kemle derk’et (EP-7) The
girl became pregnant, {also: [hamile] (JJ)}
{syn: avis; bihemil (L); bi Kal (Bw); duhala; giran
[3]) <Ar hamil 0 L»U = 'pregnant' < Vh-m-1 = ’to
carry' [EP-7/K/B//JJ]
Kemd pm. all; every [generally precedes the
word it modifies[: •Remu gure wan dera (Ba)
All the wolves of those parts •Remu xorte ydr§
bdbdn ma§oqe we (Ba) All the local youths
were in love with her «Ser Ddmanldd t’u m§§e
t’unebun, vira dar ji he§in nedibun, le
wexta bahar dihat, ew ji xewa giran
Ki§yar dibd d bi Kemd rengava dixemili
(Ba2:l, p.202) On [Mount] Dumanlu there were no
forests, trees did not even grow here, but when
springtime came, it awoke from a great sleep and
became colorfully [lit. 'with all colors’] adorned
•Tu gima Gsib ji Kemd kura ze’ftir
Kizdiki? (Ba) Why do you love Joseph more than
all [the other] sons? ( a Iso: hemi (A/JB3/IFb/JBl-
A&S/SK/OK-2); hernu (IFb-2/JBl-S-2/GF/OK);
Kemi (OK-2); Kemu§k (B-2); [hemou]^ (JJ); <Kemi
^^oVhemi CJ ~£>> (HH)] {syn: gi§k; her; t’emam) [Pok.
s e mo- 903.] 'someone, anyone': Skt sama- = 'any,
every’; O P & Av hama- = 'all, whole'; Pahl hamak
& Pazand hama; early Mid P hamak/ late Mid P
hamag (<*hama-ka- Ras, p.133); P hame
(Hiibsch #1103); Sor hemu^^; Za heme (Mai)
[Ba/K/B//A/JB3/IFb/HH/JBl-A&S/SK//JJ/GF/OK]
Kemu§k (B) = all. See Kemd.
Kena = henna. See Kene.
Kenar (F) = pomegranate. See hinar.
Ken«e f ( ;•§). henna, bot. Lawsonia inermis :
-Kene kirin (B) to daub with henna, {also: hene
(OK); hine II (F/TF); hune (IFb); Kena; Kina; Kine
271
(K); xene (OK- 2 ); xenha (Bw); [hene <u^/khene ajs] ruined, go bad, spoil (vi.), be spoiled (of food, wa-
(JJ); <fiene> (HH)) <Ar hinna’ T kina; Sor ter) (B/Srk); 3) ?to be forbidden (OK), {also: heri-
xene [B/JJ/HH//OK//F/TF//IFb//K//Bw] min (IFb/OK-2); [heremin] (JJ)} <Ar Vh-r-m
Kenek f. (-a;-e). joke; humor: # Bire §ivan, = 'to be ritually forbidden or unclean’
min Kenek§ xwe kir, xwest te bicerbinim [Srk/K/B/OK/M//JJ//IFb] <heram; rizin>
(Dz) Brother shepherd, I was joking, 1 wanted to Keri§andin (K/B) = to scratch; to crush. See
test you «Ew ti§teki Kenek nine (B) This is no heri§andin.
laughing matter • W@ roje, li mal ma, ewi tl Keri§in (K/B) = to be scratched; to be crushed,
dergistiya xwe kef u heneka xwe kirin (L) See heri§in.
On that day he stayed home [and] he and his Keri§tin (-fiere§-) (K) = to scratch; to crush. See
fianc §e had fun and fooled around # Ya hakime heri§andin.
mil?, ev ne i§e heneke ye, ev i§eki giran e KerT f. ( ;-ye). mud, mire; clay: -teqn u Keri
• •
(L-2 p.24) 0 my king, this is no joke, this is a (Zx) mud. {also: heri III (IFb); [heri ^^^fc/kheri
serious matter, {also: henek (A/JB3/IF); [henek] (JJ); <heri> ^p-(HH)) {syn: qur; teqin) M. Schwartz:
Jjjfc (JJ); <henek> (HH)) (syn: pek’enok; qerf; cf. 0 Ir Vxard = ' to make feces, refuse, filth,
tewz; tinaz; tirane; yari II) K —> Arm hanak 1 garbage'; Cf. P xar[r]a = 'mud sticking to the
<iuriiiu 4 > [Krg/L/Dz/K/B/HH//A/JB3/IF//JJ] bottom of a tank or cistern'; Luri xarra/hara; Sor
Kenekbaz jLTaj^ (K) = comedian. See henekvan. her = ’clay, mud’ (Kurdoev) & Sanandaji hefig
Kenekgi l j=f ^^ (K/B/GF) = comedian. See - ’mud’ (Wahby & Edmonds); Za Herr f. =
henekvan. 'soil, dirt, earth’ (Todd) & [liafa] = 'dust, mud;
Kenekdar (B) = comedian. See henekvan. earth’; Hau here f. (M4); See: Vahman & Asatrian.
Kenekok (K) = comedian. See henekvan.
Beniz adv. just then, at that very moment: «Xort
fkiri, go, — Ez xwe befdim, eze bik’evim
av§, bixenqim. Heniz, teyr xort bir u
baxe dya wida peya kir (EH) The young man
[being carried by a giant bird] thought to himself,
“HI let go, and fall into the water and drown.” Just
then, the bird brought the boy to his mother’s
garden and let him off. Cf. P hanuz - ’(not)
yet’--> T heniiz [EH]
fieq = right; truth; law. See heq.
her jdo. (B) = every; always. See her.
herac (F) = tax; expense. See xerac.
fierac II ja*. (GF/HH/Hej) = auction. See herac.
fieram adj. forbidden, prohibited (religious,
according to Islam) . {also: heram (IF); [ahhram]
p)^ (JJ)) (syn: qedexe; ^fielal) < Ar haram pi
[herami [K/B//IF//JJ]
Eerami ^1 f. (). (religious) prohibition. [K/B]
••
Keramxane j«b. (B) = harem. See herem.
herge (B) = each; as for. See hergi.
• •
Kergi (B) = each; as for. See hergi.
••
herd[u] (B) = both. See herdu.
Berimin ^ [K/B]/Kerimin [OK/M] vi.
(-Kerim- [K/B]/-Berim- [OK/M]), l) to become
sullied, dirty (of hands, clothing) (B); to be defiled,
become ritually impure; 2 ) {syn: fesidin (Bw)) to be
"Gleanings from Zaza Vocabulary," in: Iranica
Varia: Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan
Yarshater , Acta Iranica, 3eme serie: Textes et
memoires, vol. 16 (Leiden : E.J. Brill. 1990) p.
272. [Ag/F/K/B/HH/JBl-S//IFb//JJ] <qiler; qirej>
herke (B) = if. See eger I.
her met (Z- 2 ) = woman; respect. See hurmet.
herse[k] [«J.]G*ja^. (B) = all three. See herse.
hert’im (B/Ba 2 ) = always. See hert’im.
Kesab uLa> m. (-e; heseb [B]/-i). 1 ) count,
calculation, reckoning; account; bill: • Ditin [sic],
weki hesabe tav u teyre gole u steyrke
'ezmana hene, fiesab§ minara t’une (EP-7)
They saw that it was possible to count the beasts
and birds of the wilderness and the stars in the sky,
but it wasn't possible to count the minarets «We
gav6, Beyrim geliki hesab je re g§bft (L)
Then B. figured out what was happening [lit.'the
account was prepared for him']; 2 ) consideration,
regard: -Kesabg (IS) as, like, in the capacity of:
•Dar li pi§ta pile wi k’et. HesabS rimeki
defa sing§ wira avit (IS-#386) The tree pierced
the back of his shoulder. It came through his chest
like a spear; -Kesab bun = to be considered, be
counted, be regarded: *Bab§ min H Xal EKmed
qewi dost btin, weki biraet daybabi bUn,
malek Kisab biln (SK 8:81) My father and Uncle
a
Ahmad were great friends,they were like blood
brothers, they were (almost) counted as one family
•Hesab e go hun bi me re hatin heya
welate me (L) I consider you to have come with
us as far as our country; -Kesab kirin = to
consider, regard, deem: *£i sere wira §ev
derbaz bflbfl, ewi Kesab dikir xewn (Z-l)
What had happened to him during the night he
considered a dream, {also: hesab (IFb/GF/OK- 2 );
lieseb (IFb- 2 ); Hesav; Kisab (SK/OK); Kiseb (SK- 2 );
[hisab] v Lo. (JJ); <Kesab> v Lo. (HH)} < Ar hasab
--> T hesap; Sor Kiseb - 'account'
[K/B/HH//JJ/SK//IFb/GF/OK]
Kesa-Iies (EP-4) = suspicion. See KeseKes.
1'iesan (K/B) = whetstone. See hesan II.
Kesand (K) = easy. See asan.
Kesandin vt. (-Kesin-). 1 ) to cause s.o. to
feel, give s.o. the feeling (that...); 2 ) to inform, let
s.o. know (that...); to apprise s.o. of: -pe
Kesandin = do. [also: hesandin (IFb/OK); hisandin
(TF); [hesandin] qj jjLo. (JJ); chesandin
(diKesine) (HH)1
[Rnh/IFb/OK//K/B/JJ/HH//TF] <Kesin>
Kesav JiLa^ = [ac]count; consideration. See Kesab.
KeseKes i. ( ;-e). suspicion: -k’etin [ser]
KeseKesa (B) to suspect: *Bire Xece ser Kesa-
Kesa k’etin, dile Xece k’etiye Siabend (EP-
4, #7) Khej’s brothers suspected that she was in
love with Siyabend. [also: hesa-lies (EP-4)}
[EP-4//B] <?ik>
Kesibandin vt. (-Kesibin-). to consider
stg. to be so, think that stg. is so , mistake stg./s.o.
for stg./s.o .: •Di we navbere da merike
koger giroka xwe h dirende ji yeki
dikangi ra dibeje K texmina xwe ko seye
mir hesibandiye jera bi ser va zede dike
(JB 2 -O.Sebri/Rnh 14[1943] 8-9) In the meantime,
the nomadic man tells the story about himself and
the wild animal to a shopkeeper, and adds his
assumption that he thought it was the emir’s
hound, {also: hesibandin (JB2/Rnh/IFb/TF/OK-2);
[hesibandin] (JJ)} <Ar Vh-s-b = 'to
reckon, figure' [JB 2 /Rnh/IFb/TF//K(s)/JJ/OK]
hesik (B) = ladle. See hesk.
hesin (K/B) = iron. See hesin.
hesini (K) = made of iron. See hesini.
Kesiyan (-Kesiy-) (JBl-A) = to feel. See Kesin.
Kesin vi. (-Kes-). 1 ) to feel, sense, perceive:
-pe Kesin (K/JB3) to find out about, learn of, be
aware of ( syn: hay je hebun; seh kirin}: •§ivan u
gavana pirsin, pe Kesiyan, weki Mem@ H
Zineva wefat bhne (Z-l) They asked shepherds
and cowherds, and found out that Mem and Zin
were dead *Zelixe xatftn ji pe dihese
derheqa hatina Osibda (Ba) Zelikha also learns
of Joseph's arrival; 2) {syn: bihistin} to hear:
•Rojeke gur gilie wana diKese (J) One day a
wolf hears their talk, {also: hesiyan (JB3/IFb/OK);
hesin (IFb-2/OK-2); Kesiyan (-Kesiy-) (JBl-A);
[hesiian] jL-o. (JJ); <Kesan (dihese)
(HH)} < Ar ahassa IV = 'to feel’ < Vh-s-s
[Ba/K/B//JB3/IFb/OK//JJ/JBl-A//HH] <Kesandin>
Kesir /. (-a;-e). mat: *Me do liK§f h do
Kesir hene. Bila ew §ewe liKefek ti Kesirek
bo her do derwe§an bin, liKefek u Kesirek
ji bo min u te bin (SK 23:213) We have two
quilts and two reed mats. Tonight let one quilt and
one mat be for the two dervishes, and one quilt
and one mat be for you and me. {also: hesil (A);
hesir (IFb/GF/TF): Kesil (Dh); [hasir ^Whasll (Rh)]
(JJ); <Kesir> (HH)} (syn; qisil} < Ar hasir
Sor Kesir [Dh//A//IFb/GF/TF//SK//JJ/HH]
liesod (SK) = envious, jealous. See Kevstid.
Kesodi (SK) = envy, jealousy. See Kevsudi.
•• _
Kesp (B)/Hesp’ (JBl-A) = horse. See hesp.
Kesret (B/HH) = sorrow. See hesret.
lieste 4*, iv (B) = flint; steel; cigarette lighter. See
heste.
Kestir (Grc/Btm) = tears. See hestir I.
KestTf (B) = baker’s peel. See hestif.
Kestiv (B) = baker’s peel. See hestif.
Kestuyu.^ (B) = bone. See hesti.
Kestu^-«^ (B) = bone. See hesti.
Kesud (F/K) = envious, jealous. See Kevstid.
Kesudi (K/F) = envy, jealousy. See Kevsftdi.
Ke§ Ke§ kirin (JBl-A) = to love. See Kez.
Ke§ikandin jjjlCs**. vt. (-Ke§ikin-). to stuff, cram,
stick, insert (into) : «... Rabe, sere me j@ke, di
jina Bako Awan biKe§ikine (HM) Get up, cut
off my [lit. 'our'] head, stuff it up the wife of B.A.
{syn: g’ikandin; dewisandin} [HM]
Ke§iya (F) = thing; goods. See e§ya.
Ke§t (HH) = eight. See Key§t.
Ke§te (HH) = eighty. See Key§t§.
273
ft
Beta b^ prep. 1 ) until, till, up to, as far as: •Em
gtine heta gund (BX) We went as far as the
village # Heta li mirine, gav li kirine (BX)
Until death, think of action [lit. 'eyes on doing']
[prv.] •Heyani niv saete i§e wan heye (L)
They have up to (=no more than) a half hour's
work «Heyani v& roje (BX) Until that day;
-heta dawiy§ (BX) et cetera [lit. 'until the end']; 2 )
[conj.] until [+ ko + neg.subj.]: *Ez te c afw
nakem, Beta tu pi§ta min nevemali
(neperxini) (Bw) I won't forgive you, until you
rub my back # tteta ku em pe neKesin, gelo
ew gi dtiye (Ba 2 : 2 , p.205) Until we find out what
the smoke is; 3) as soon as, when: • Heyani
hakim ji xew rabu (L) As soon as the king
awoke; 4) as long as, so long as: *tteta Zine
mala tedaye, ew namtisa teye (EP-7) As long
as Z. is in your house, she is your honor; 5) [syn:
bila; bona [ 2 ]; da II; deqene; weki [ 2 ]) [+ ko +
subj.] in order to, so that: # Wi mirovi xwe§ p’if
dikir bilure u Heta ko wexte xwe biborine
li biltira xwe dida (Dz-anec #22) That man [a
shepherd] played the flute well, and in order to
pass time he would play his flute, {also: heta
(JB3/IF); hetani; hetta (IS- 2 ); heya; heyani; fietanl
(B- 2 ); hetta (IS); heya (B- 2 ); heyani (B- 2 ); t’a IV;
[hata] (JJ); <hetta lo./heyya U>.> (HH)) < Ar
m
hatta Sor heta [ku] \S[ b*A
[K/B//BX/JB3/IF//JJ//HH] See also t’a IV.
heta-Ketaiye ^Jb<^ b*^. (F) = forever. See
KetaKetayi.
BetaKetayi ^b^b^ /. (). 1 ) eternity (K/JB3); 2 )
[ adj . & adv.\ everlasting, eternal(ly) (K/F/IF);
forever: •Em §er bikin hetahetayi ko me
azadiya xwe girt (IF) We will fight forever until
we attain our liberation, {also: hetahetayi (JB3/IF);
Heta-hete (B/EP-7); [ 2 ] fieta-fietaiye (F); hetani hete
(B- 2 )] [B/EP-7//F/K/JB3/IF]
Keta-Kete £ u ^ b^ (B/EP-7) = eternity. See
Hetahetayi.
hetani ^b^ (B) = until. See heta & t’a IV.
hetani hete ^bco. (B) = forever. See hetahetayi.
■ « ♦ *
Ketk (K/XF) = honor, decency. See hetk.
Hetta (IS) = until. See Beta & t’a IV.
Hev I (JBl-S) = each other. See hev.
hev II (FK-kk-1) = seed; counting word. See heb.
hevraz jlm. (B) = slope. See hevraz.
hevs (Ba3-3) = prison. See hebs.
hevsar jLJ+a* (B) = halter; reins. See hevsar.
hevsid (B) = seven hundred. See heftsed.
hevsud (). 1 ) envious or jealous person;
2) slanderer; 3) [adj.] {syn: dexes; k’umre§)
envious, jealous; 4) slandersome, gossiping, {also:
hesud (IF); hevsu; hevsud (B- 2 ); fiesod (SK); hesud
(F/K); [housoud] (JJ)) <Ar hasud =
’jealous, envious'; Sor hesud = 'envious'
[hesudi; hevsudi; hesodi; hesudi; hevsudi)
[B//IF//SK//F/K//JJ] <’ewan; qumsi>
hevsfidi ^^ f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) {syn: g’avnebari;
g’avre§i; dexesi; k’umre§i) envy, jealousy: -
hevstidi kirin (B/XF): a) to envy, be jealous of:
•Demariya Osib hevshdiya ji Osib kir (YZ-
1 ) Joseph’s stepmother was jealous of him; b) to
badmouth, gossip about, slander (XF); 2 )
slander(ing). {also: hesudi (IF); hevsudi (B- 2 /YZ- 1 );
hesodi (SK); hesudi (K/F); [ahhsudia] (JJ/G)} <Ar
hasud = 'jealous, envious'; Sor hesudi
= 'envy' [YZ-1//B/XF//IF//SK//K/F//JJ/G]
<hevsud>
hevt (B) = seven. See Heft,
hevta liW (B) = seventh. See hefta.
lrevte I m. (B) = week. See Hefte I.
hevte II (B) = seventy. See heft§ II.
hevtsed (K) = seven hundred. See heftsed.
hevtuzk (K/B) = sore in the armpit. See
Hefthzk.
Hewal m. (). 1) {syn: dest u dar; hal; kawdan;
rew§) condition, state, situation (JJ/B): *Go
hewalek li mala wan diqewime (L) If
something happens at their house «lro hewalek
Mhemmed Xan heye, loma ne hatiye bi
me re (L) Today something is up with M. Khan,
since he hasn't come with us (or=?otherwise he
would have come with us); 2 ) thing, occurrence,
event: *Go hewalek li mala wan diqewime
(L) If something happens at their house, [also:
[haval] (JJ) } < Ar ahwal Jl^l, pi. o/hal JU. =
v
state, condition’; Sor hewal: J1 3 <u* = ’condition,
events, news' [K/B//JJ] <hal>
hewandin vt. (-Hewin-). 1 ) {syn: ci kirin;
hewirandin) to shelter, give refuge (to); to lodge,
accommodate, put up, house; to receive (guests) :
•Tu i§ev mevana bihewine (Z-4) Tonight you
take in the guests; 2 ) to calm, soothe, pacify, {also:
hewandin (A/IF/JBl-A); [hevandin] (JJ);
chewandin (dihewine) (HH)) <Ar
274
awa = ‘to seek refuge’ & awwa II = ’to
shelter’; Sor Kewandinewe o 3 <o = 'to lodge,
give asylum to, help to prosper'. For the two
meanings of this verb, cf. Ar VS-K-N = 1 ) to
dwell; 2 ) to become calm. [Z-4/K/B/JJ/HH/GF//
A/IF/JBl-A] <fiewin>
liewas f. (-a;-e). 1 ) desire (for) ; inclination,
predilection, partiality, passion (for) , enthusiasm;
interest (in) , curiosity (about) ; »Gava Meme li
hespe dinhere, Kewasa meria pefa te (FK-
eb- 2 ) When Mem sees the horse, he admires his
agreeable appearance [lit. 'the interest of people
about him comes’]; 2) ??mood, temper, humor (B);
3) ??feeling, sensation (K); 4) ??gladness, joy; gaiety,
merriment (B). { also: hewas; hewes (IF); hewes;
[heves] (JJ); <hewes> (HH)| < Ar hawas
= 'foolishness, craze, frenzy, infatuation’—> P
havas = '(capricious) desire, whim, passing
fancy'; —> T heves = 'strong desire, inclination;
zeal, mania'; Sor hewes = 'desire, liking’ [K-
d§/FK-eb- 2 /K/B //IF/JJ/HH]
Hewasdar (B) = amateur; interested; interesting.
See Kewask’ar.
fiewasdari (K/B) = interest. See Kewask’ari.
liewask’ar m. (). 1) amateur, s.o. with an
inclination, predilection, passion (for), interest (in):
s.o. with a hobby; 2) / adj.) interested, curious; 3)
interesting (K-d§): »Dastana “Mem u. Zine”
dastana here hewaskar e (K-d§) The story of
Mem u Zin is the most interesting story, {also:
hewask’ar; heweskar (IF/GF); hewasdar (B- 2 );
fiewesk’ar) Cf. P havaskar jl£lyfc--> T heveskar =
'desirous, inclined; amateur, having a hobby'; Sor
heweskar jlSlvoj^ = 'amateur' {heweskari;
hewasdari; Kewask’ari) [K-d§/K/B//IF/GF] <Kewas>
Kewask’ari f. ( ;-ye). curiosity, interest;
•Hewasdar! (Kewask’ari) berbi t£xnikae (B)
interest in technique •T’emamia cim'ete bi
Kewask’ari Meyane dinihere (Ba3-3, #9) The
entire group looks at Meyaneh with interest, {also:
heweskari (IF); hewasdari (K/B)) [Ba3/K/B//IF]
<Kewask’ar>
hewc (B) = need. See Kewce.
Kewc*e *± 3 +*- m. (•§; ). need; necessity; -Kewc£ /-
ti bun (K/B) to need stg., be in need of stg.: «Ez
ne Kewc§ arikariya teme (K) I don't need your
help, {also: hewce (IFb); fiewc (B); [haoudje
<\a^/haoudjei (JJ); <Kewcehi> (HH))
{ syn: divet [see at vin]} <Ar hajah &>Whawj =
’need’ [hajah also = ’thing'}; Sor Kewece =
'need, necessity' [K/SK//B//IFb/GF] <divet [see at
vin]; gerek; hacet; ker I; lazim; muhtac; pewist>
Kewdel J0J5A3. f. ( ;-£). dish consisting of boiled
grape syrup [dims], to which flour, egg, and water
are added, {also: hewdel (A/IFb/GF/TF); <Kewdel>
(HH)) [Krb/HH//A/IFb/GF/TF] <dims>
Hewes desire, interest. See Kewas.
Kewesk’ar JSL 03 * 3 . = amateur; interested; interesting.
See Kewask’ar.
hewes ^^* 0 . adj. bald, [syn: k’egel) [Bw]
Kewhan vi. (-Kewh-). to stand still, be calm,
be soothed, calm down (of children): -BiKewhe!
(Bw) Settle down! Stand still; -NaKewhit (Bw) He
doesn't stand still, {also: hewan II (TF); hewin [2]
(-hew-) (K/B); fiewyan (-hewye-) (Bw-
2 /Dh/Zeb); [heviian] (JJ); <Kewan
(dihewe) ( 0 i >j)> (HH)) [syn: feKet sekinin)
[Bw//Dh/Zeb/JJ//K/B//HH//TF] See also Kewin.
liewik ^ 3 ^ (SK) = throat. See Kefik.
Kewin vi. (-Kew-). l) [syn; hewirin) to seek
shelter or refuge; to settle, take up (temporary)
residence, stop for the night, dwell, lodge (vi.); to
be received (of guests) ; 2 ) to calm down (vi.), be
soothed (K/B). See Kewhan. {also: hewan I (A/IF);
fiewyan (-hewye) (M); [heviian] (JJ); <Kewan
(dihewe) (HH)) <Ar awa = 'to seek
refuge’ & awwa II = 'to shelter’; Sor hewanewe
OijAjljAjW — ’to lodge in comfort, prosper after
adversity’. For the two meanings of this verb, cf.
Ar qSL VS-K-N = 1 ) to dwell; 2 ) to become calm.
[Z-4/K/B/JJ/HH/GF//A/IF/JB1-A] <Kewandin> See
also Kewhan.
hewle aJ 3 a^. (K) = halvah. See helva.
Hewq (GF/HH) = ladder rung. See hewq.
Kew§ f. (-a;-e). 1 ) yard, courtyard (K/JBl-
[A&S]/JJ/JB3/IF/A); enclosed or fenced-in area (K):
•zike Kew§e (K) inside the courtyard: -Kew§
kirin (K) to enclose, fence in; 2) porch, patio
(£nr); 3) open-air sheep and goat pen bounded on
all sides by trees and the like (IF); 4) [syn: malbat)
?family (A), [also: hew§ (A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK-2);
Kew$e (F); [haouch] (JJ); <hew§> Jiy* (HH))
< Ar haw§ Sor fiew§e A^A^/hew^e
[L/K/B/J)/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/OK//F//A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF]
hew§e (F) = yard. See Kew§.
Kewt (SK) = seven. See Keft.
275
H
fiewti ^< 0 . (SK) = week. See Keft§ I.
»•
Kewt-sed J A3- (SK) = seven hundred. See heftsed.
Hewyan ^loja^ (-Kewye-) = to calm down
(Bw/Dh/Zeb); to dwell, lodge .(M). See tiewhan &
Kewin.
Kewz m. (-e; ). pool; reservoir, {also: hewz
(A/IF); [haouz] (JJ)) < Ar hawd --> T
havuz; Sor hewz = 'tank, cistern'
[EP-7/K/B//A/IF/JJ]
Keya Lao. (B) = until. See lieta & t’a IV.
fieyam pLao, f.[B] (K/B/JB1-A) = while, period. See
heyam.
Keyani ^L^o (B) = until. See fieta & t’a IV.
lieyf ^4^ f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: tol II} revenge,
vengeance: -lieyf hildan/standin/~a xwe
vekirin/je hilanin = to avenge, take revenge:
•Ez£ te bikujim, heyfa have xwe ji te
hilinim! (L) I'll kill you, I'll take revenge on you
for my father's death; 2 ) {syn: gune II[ 2 ]} pity:
-lieyfa fk-i ]li] fk-i hat in = to feel pity for [lit.
’for the pity of [the one feeling pity] to come to [the
one who is the object of that pity]'] *Heyfa wi
min na& (K) He doesn't pity/feel sorry for me
• Heyfa min te u kiKela te hat (Z-l) I felt
sorry for you and your horse »Merik Keyfa wi
li me hatye (EP-7) The man felt sorry for us.
{also: heyf (JB3/IF); [heif] olo. (JJ)}
[L/JB3/IF//K/B/JJ]
Keyri adj. 1 ) {syn: 'ecehmayi; mePelmayi}
••
amazed, astonished, surprised: - Keyri man = to
be amazed, astonished at: -§a§ u Keyri (EP-7) do.:
•M. geleki §a§ £1 Keyri ma (EP-7) M. was
surprised and bewildered (=didn't know what to
do); 2) astray, lost, {also: heyiri (JB3)} [EP-7/K/JB3]
Keyrin vi. (-Keyr-). 1 ) to be astonished,
amazed (K/JB3); 2 ) to get lost, lose one's way (K);
3) [+ bi ... re] to be worried or concerned about
(L/K): *Ya rebbi, ez bi van hire xwe re
heyirim (L) By God, I'm worried about these
brothers of mine, {also: heyirin (L/JB3/IF); [heirin]
(JJ)) <Ar ha’ir = 'bewildered' <Vh-y-r^o.
= 'to be confused, helpless' [L/K/JJ//JB3/IF]
Key§t e-ioao num. eight, 8 . {also: he§t
(A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/0K); hey§t (A- 2 );
Ke§t (SK- 2 ); [hecht] oJxa (JJ); <he§t ouLa/he§t
(HH)) [Pok. okto(u) 75.] 'eight': Skt astl[u]; O Ir
*a§ta (a dual form): M. Schwartz: Av (h)a3ti/a =
'group of four fingers’ + dual ending -o (cf. Lat
duo), since 2 groups of 4 fingers = 8 (very early
form of counting): Av asta = 'eight' ; Mid P hast
(M3); P hast oSor he§t Za Ke§t (Todd);
Hau he§t (M4) [K/B//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/
JBl-A&S/GF/TF] <he§tek; Key§te; Kijdeh>
Key§ta Li_>a^. adj. eighth, {also: he§tan (IF); he§tem
(IF- 2 ); he§temin (IF- 2 ); he§t’e II (JBl-A); he§ti II (IF-
2 ); he§tye (JBl-S); hey§tem (A); Kei§ta (F); Key§tan
(K- 2 ); [hechti/hashte (Rh)] ( j^ (JJ)} Cf. P hastom
Sor he§tem[in] [^jJ^a^ajfc; Za l'ie§tin (Todd)
[K/B//IF//JB1-A//JB1-S//A//F//JJ] <Key§t>
Key§tan jLioa^ (K-2) = eighth. See Key§ta.
Key§t£ num. eighty, 80. {also: he§te I
(A/IFb/TF/OK); he§ti I (JB3/GF/OK-2); hey§te (A-
2 ); he§te; [hechti] Ls ^ (JJ); <he§te Ls ^jofc/Ke§te
(HH)} Skt asltay-; Av astaHim [acc.]; Mid P
hastad (M3); P hastad jLjS or he§ta Za
Ke§tay (Todd); Hau he§ta (M4)
[K/B//A/IFb/HH/TF/0K//JB3/JJ/GF]
liey§tyek Ja^jjoa^ (K) = an eighth. See he§tek.
Keywan jb^a^ f./m.(F) ( ;-e/Keywen [B- 2 ]). 1 )
animal: -heywanen kedi (JB3) tame, domestic
animals; -heywanen kovi (JB3) wild animals:
• Me gelek Keywanet k’ivi bi reve ditin,
§ibeti gurg ft rivi ft wa ti§ta, em gelek je
tirsyayn (M-Am #714) On the way we saw many
wild animals, such as wolves and foxes and those
things, and we were very afraid of them; 2 ) {syn;
ga} cow, bovine: -go§te Keywan (Bw) beef, {also:
heywan II (JB3/IFb/GF); lieiwan (F); [heivan]
(JJ)} < Ar hayawan IK/Jj/B/Bw//F//JB3/lFb/GF|
<canewar; dirende; ga; Keywanet; fawir; sewal I;
tabe; terawil>
Keywanet oajl^ja^. in. (). animals; cattle, livestock
(B). < Ar hayawanat = 'animals' [Ba 2 /K/B]
<dewar; garan; heywan; pez>
Kez j*o f. (). desire, wish; love; pleasure (JJ): -je Kez
kirin = to love, like {syn: Kebandin): »Tu gima
tlsib ji Kemu kufa ze’ftir Kizdiki? (Ba) Why
do you love Joseph more than all [the other] sons?
•Hej! [=hej ji] te dikim (BX) I love you. {also:
hez (A/JB3/IFb/OK-2); Kej II (BX); Ke§ (JBl-A); Kiz
(B); [haz] ho (JJ)} <Ar hazz ho ='portion, luck'--> P
hazz kardan _Xho; Sor Kez jao = 'wish, liking,
love, desire' [F/K/OK//A/JB3/IFb//BX//B//JJ]
<evin; Kub>
Kezar J \jao (K/B/F) = thousand. See hezar.
Kezing Jjjao f. ( ;-e). deep, sad sigh: -Kezing
276
fl
k’i§andin (B) to heave a sigh: *Pa§§ hddika
deste xwe dani ser mile Ferik, Kezing
k 5 i§and, got... (Ba 2 -# 2 , p.210) Then slowly he
put his hand on Ferik’s shoulder, heaved a sigh,
[and] said... {also: hezing II (K)} { syn: axin [ 2 ];
k’eser) [Ba 2 /B//K]
Hezlran j) f. ( ;-e). June: •[Yazde bi
Hezirane, sere havlne, here xwe hide
zivistane] (BG) The eleventh of June (Julian
calendar - BG), the start of summer, look toward
the winter [proverbial expression], {also: Heziran
(A/IFb/GF/OK- 2 ); Hizeyran (JB3); [kheziran]
(JJ); <hezlran> q\ (HH); [hezirane] (BG)) Syr
Haziron —> Ar haziran y.y»: corresponds
to last part of Cozerdan or Cehzeran
/Codirew^ojjy^/Baranbiran
6 ^[/Bextebaran ^IjU^xicu] (P xurdad jIj>>>)
[Gemini]& 1 st part o/Germaciman ^l^Lj*f/Pii§per
(P tir ^p) [Cancer]
[K/B/HH/OK//A/IFb/GF//JB3//JJ]
Kezirani f. {). 'a type of pear which ripens in
June, {also: hezirani (IF); Kizrani (Msr);
<Kezirani> L pI(HH)) [Msr//HH//IF] <alisork;
herme; Incas [1]; kargin>
Kezkiri ^ adj./m. (-ye/-ya ; ). beloved: »Ewe
nedixast rdye kesekl bibine, xenci
Kizkiriye xwe (Ba) She didn't want to see the
face of anyone except for her beloved, {also:
fiejkiri; liizkirl (B)} {syn: mefibub) |K//B]
hec^la. (SK) = furious, mad. See Reg’.
K6g’ adj. fierce, furious, frenzied; mad, raving;
rowdy, boisterous, unrestrained, wild: # Ez Iro
hinek Keg’ hume (Frq) Today I have been a
little rowdy; -har d heg (GF) do. {also: hec (TF);
beg (GF); heg 5 (K); Kec (SK); <Keg>^ (HH)) <Ar
ha’ij^jbb = 'agitated, excited'
[Frq/HH//TF//GF//K//SK] <har>
liel Jia. (JBl-S) = strength. See hel I.
hekel (AX) = statue. See heyk’el.
hesir (Erg) = tears. See h&stir I.
Kesil J^ppdDh) = mat. See hesir.
Ke§tir y^ry*. w. (). camel: *He§tir radibin hev,
h&stir d ker bin linge wan de digin (L)
When camels fight with one another, mules and
donkeys perish under their feet [prv .]. {also: hestir
(K); hestir III; he§tir (JB3-2/IFb-2); he§tir
(JB3/IFb/GF/OK); [huchtur yjUbf chutur yJ:\ fJJ);
<he§tir> (HH)) {syn: deve I) Cf. Skt ustra- m.
- ‘buffalo, camel'; Av ustra- mJmtm £; F
Sor Tiusiir yiZfUvrxigtvs
[HH//JB3/IFb/GF /OK//K//JJ] <he§tinran; Ea wid;
lok T II; qent-er; xiya bun & kirin>
*
Hibri
(S*
L (-ya;-y§). silk kerchief, head scarf
worn by girls, which distinguishes them from -
married women (who wear a k’itan): *Cote
hirbiyan pev ve ye (Qzl) Head scarves are
made in pairs • Hibri bi ser xo werkir Ji
kulilken hinare / (Dilawere Zengl [Syrian
Kurdish poet] PedarL 1935) She covered her head
with a kerchief of pomegranate blossoms, {also:
’ebon (Xrz); ebri (GF): epri (Nsb); evri (GF-2/OK);
’evri (Zeb); hibri (Ceylanpmar); hirbi (Qzl-2); [abri]
(JJ); <’eburi> (HH)) [Qzl/Elk//Xrz//HH//
GF/JJ//Nsb//OK//Zeb] cherati; k’itan [2]; lag’ik;
t’emezi; terJii>
fiicKicok (Haz) = swallow (bird). See
EacKacik.
Kicum (B) = attack. See Kucum.
hicumkirin (B) = attack. See Kucumkirin.
Kighar m.(Czr)/f.(OK) (-e/;). pepper; red
pepper (IFb); allspice, Jamaica pepper, hot.
Pimenta dioica (OK): -Kighare §irin (Czr) sweet
pepper: -Kighare tuj (Czr) hot pepper, {also:
highar (JB3/IFb/OK); hi§yar II (CB)| {syn: back;
biber; guncik; isot) [Czr//)B3/IFb/OK//CB]
<dermane germ>
Kiddet oo-'Jo- f (). vehemence, fury, passion. < Ar
hiddah ojo- -> T hiddet [MC-l/SK] <tundi>
Kifdeh (F) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
Kik’iatgl (B) = storyteller. See Kekyatgl.
Kik’iatdar (B) = storyteller. See Kik’xyatdar.
Kik’iyat okkk (B) = story, tale. See Kekyat.
Kik’iyatgi (B) = storyteller. See Kekyatgl.
• •
Kik’iyatdar j \ jJ Upk. in . (). storyteller, {also:
liik’iatdar (B-2); Kik’yatdar (B-2)) {syn: *biwije, m.
(JB3); g’ifokbej; Kekyatgl) [B] <Kekyat>
Kikumet o^j^pk (OK) = government. See Kuk’umet.
Kikyat oLSk [JJ/ldik’yat (B) = story, tale. See Kekyat.
Kik’yatdar jljJ'LSk (B) = storyteller. See Kik’iyatdar.
Kikyet o*pk. (Ks) = story, tale. See Kekyat.
Kilbet (EP-7) = of course; absolutely. See
helbet.
Kill I C5 1> adj. 1) born early (of animals, who are fat
» ■
and plump as a result, cf. virni = born late):
•Berx@n Kill berlya zivistan§ gddibin,
zivistane di koza de derbaz dikin, xurt d
277
girs in (Qzl) "Hill" [early-born] lambs are born
before the winter, and spend the winter in the
sheepfold—they are fat and plump; 2) sown or
planted early (fig.): # Min Kilt gand, 18 virni
ket (Qzl) I planted early, but [the crop] came up
late, i.e., I married early, but my children didn't
come until (much) later [Min zu jin ani, le zaroken
min dereng gebun]; 3) {also: -hell (GF-2); -hill (TF);
-hell (GF)} [syn: zir- q) suffix step-, foster-, pseudo-
: -kurKili (Frq) stepson; -qizKili (Frq)
stepdaughter. [Qzl/Frq//GF//TF] <nevisi; virni;
zirdayik>
Kill II Cjr b>. (Bw) = smooth. See hilh I.
Eilfl IJ 3 -U. f. (). plum, bot. genus Prunus. {also: alu II
(K); hilu II (GF/TF); hilutir§k f. (-a;-e) (Msr); hull
(OK-2/AA); hulu (GF-2); hull III (OK); [alouJ^J! (JJ);
<hillu> jJJt (HH)} {syn: herug [l]; incas [2]) Cf. P
^ v y
alu J) ; Sor heluje Wheluge [Sinneh];
Hau helu m. (M4)
[Haz//K/JJ//GF/TF//IFb//Msr//HH//OK/AA]
<aluge; dembul; §ilor>
Kilu IIj 3 -U (F) = being on edge (of teeth) . See alh I.
Kilu IIIjJ^ (F) = smooth. See hilh I.
Kina - henna. See Kene.
Kinar jLlx (B) = pomegranate. See hinar.
Kinarik (K) - cheek. See hinarik.
Kinav (B) = internal organs. See hinav.
Kine (K) = henna. See Kene.
Eirg’ £s=>. f./m.(F) (-a/-e; -§/). bear (animal), zool.
Ursida : -Kirge ner = male bear; -Kirga me =
female bear, {also: hirg (A/JB3/IF/SK/JB1-A);
[hirtch] (JJ); <hirg> (HH)) [Pok rkb°~ s (° r
rk-s-os & rk-to-s?) 875.] T)ear’: Skt rksa-; Av arasa-
/Young Av arsa-; Mid P xirs (M3); Oss ars; P xers
Sor wirg g^/wurg >^; Za Ke§ f. (Todd); Hau
he§$e /. (M4); cl also Lat ursus; Gr arktos apKtog f.\
W Arm arc/E Arm arj uxp£ [F/K/B//A/JB3/1F/JJ/
HH/SK/JBl-A]
Kisab (SK/OK) = [ac]count; consideration. See Kesab.
fiiseb (SK) = [ac]count; consideration. See Kesab.
Ei§ Qo. m. (-8; ). mind, ’'brains," thoughts, attention,
(sense of) reason, intelligence; reason,
consciousness (B): *Hi§8 w8 gh (L): a) Her mind
wandered; b) She lost her mind, went crazy *Hi§
18 gubu (Ba) Her reason left her # tti§8 gur hate
serf (J) The wolfs reason came to his head (=he
regained consciousness): -dan Ei§8 xwe (K) to
think, reflect: # Ew8 qiz8 geleki da Ki§8 xwe.
gika gawa bike (EP-7) That girl gave a lot of
thought to (or, spent much time thinking about)
what she should do. [aiso: hi§ (A/JB3); [hich] Qua
(JJ); <hi§> Qua (HH)) {syn: aqil II) Cf. P hu§ Qi^A =
’intelligence, understanding, sense'; Sor ho§ ^q^a =
'feeling, sense, sentiment, consciousness,
awareness' [K/B//A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH]
Ki§iyar (Z-922) = awake; aware. See Ei§yar.
Ri§k eko. adj. 1 ) [syn: dem 1 [ 2 ]; ziwa) dry, arid (of
inanimate things , e.g., trees, plants; whereas ziwa
[qv.] is dry of living things) l^ter); lifeless, lacking
in life-sustaining fluids (M§): *Dar Ki§k dibe (Qzl)
The tree dries up *Giya Ki§k dibe (Qzl) The
grass dries up; 2 ) [syn/meKkem; qalin [ 2 ]) tight,
firm (K/B/IFb/JB3); hard (HH): *§ivan nezfki wi
bh, girt avite ’erd8, dest-p’8 w! Ki§k
gir8da (Dz) The shepherd approached him,
grabbed him and threw him to the ground, and
bound his hands and feet tightly *Law8 pir8,
Kegelok hi§k bi nige Teyre Semir girt (L)
The son of the old woman, Kechelok [Bald Boy]
tightly held the food of the Simurgh Bird *Malate
wi ye hi§k (JBl-A) His movable goods/property;
3) {syn: ziz I[3]} shrill (sound) (K): «Bi dengeki
Ki§k dilelinin (HM) They shout in a shrill voice.
{also: hi§k (A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK);
5 i§k (GF- 2 /M§); [hychk] a (JJ); <hi§k tt *Lio./hi§k
JUa> (HH)} [Pok. saus-/sus- 880. & sus-ko- 881.]
’dry, arid': Skt suska-; O Ir *huska- (Ras, p. 133):
Av hu§ka-; OP uska- (Kent); Mid P husk; P xosk
=’dry'; Sor wu$k Za wi§k ='dry, hard,
dead (of plants)’ (Todd); Hau wu§k (M4); also Lat
sudus = 'dry' (hi§kayi; hi§ki; hi§keti; Kiskayi; Ki§ki)
[K/B/HH//A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK//M§]
Ki§kayi (K/B) = dryness; frost. See Ei§ki.
Ei§ki f. (). 1 ) dryness (K/A/JJ); drought (B); 2 )
frost (B); 3) ??stability, durability (K); strength (K);
hardness (TF). {also: hi§kayi (TF); hi§ki
(IFb/GF/OK); hi§keti (A); Kiskayi (K/B- 2 ); [hychki]
qCua (JJ)) [Ber/K/B//A//IFb/JJ/GF/OK//TF] <Ki§k>
Ki§yar jLu adj. 1 ) awake: -Ki§yar btin = to wake
up, awake (vij {also: §iyar bun): *Bele niba,
bav8 min §iyar bftye (L) By now, my father
will have woken up (or, must have woken up)
• Ser Dumanlu§ t’u m8§e t’unebtin, vira
dar ji h8§in nedibtin, 18 wexta bahar
dihat, ew ji xawa giran Ei§yar dibil H bi
Eemti rengava dixemili (Ba2:l, p.202) On
278
[Mount] Dumanlu there were no forests, trees did
not even grow here, but when springtime came, it
awoke from a great sleep and became colorfully
adorned; -Ki§yar kirin (K) to wake s.o. up (vt):
•Gavan ji li nik wi rQni§t; hi§yar ne kir
(Rnh 2:17, p.307) The cowherd sat down beside
him, [but] didn’t wake him up; 2 ) aware;
intelligent, [also: hi§yar I (A/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S);
hu§yar (L-2); Ki§iyar (Z-922); giyar; §iyar (L);
[hichiar] (JJ); <hi§yar> jLyjt (HH)) Cf. P
husyar jL^; Sor hogyar = 'conscious, alert’
(hi§vari; Ki§yareti| [L//K/B//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/
JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK]
Hi§yareti jUo. (B) = awakeness; awareness. See
Ki§yari.
Ki§yari /. (). l) state of being awake,
awakeness; 2) awareness, {also: hi§yari
(IFb/GF/TF); Ki§yareti (B-2)) [K/B//IFb/GF/TF]
<hi§yar>
Kivde ojJb. (Z-3) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
Kivdeh (B) = seventeen. See hevdeh.
fiiz jp.: -Kiz kirin (B) = to love. See hez.
fiizir j_>3. (Z-3/HH) = thought, idea. See hizir.
liizkiri ^j^y^ (B) = beloved. See fiezkiri.
hizrani ^jy* (Msr) = type of pear. See Kezirani.
Kig (GF) = type of sandwich. See fiog.
Tiijde oj yp- (B) = eighteen. See Kijdeh.
Kijdeh Aojj^p. mini, eighteen, 18. {also: liejde (SK);
hejdeh (A/IFb); he§tdeh (IFb-2); hejde (GF); hijdeh
(K); l’iejde; liejdeh; hijde (B- 2 ); [hej-deh] ojjla (JJ);
<Kejde[h]> (HH)) Skt astadasa; Av astadasa =
eighteenth; Mid P hastdah (M3); P hezdah oJ>yt\ Sor
hejde Za lie§tes/desulie§t (Todd); Hau hejde
(M4) [B/F/SC//SK//A/JFb/JJ//K//GF//HH] <Key§t>
Kil«e jlLo. f. (*a;*e). trick, ruse, stratagem: •[118]
Dibejin careke muroeki [=mirovekij Pawei
hate lae Somae i 1 Biradost u Kuresiniyan,
xo kiribil §ex ... her gunde digde, li pe§
gawet xelki tizbiyet xo li bin hugike ‘ebay
li hindawe §erbike aw-xarinewe digiwi§i,
aw bi suruk dihate xar, xelk hem!
muteKeyyir dibun ... [121] ‘Eli Xan §ex gazi
kire mala xo li qelata (Jariye, gote wi,
"flez dikem awa KeyatS bideye min j!. M
§ex got, ”Ba§ e." §erbike aw! xali ina,
tizbi giwi§i, aw je hat. ‘Eli Xan
muteKeyyir bfi, nezani ewe gawan e, gote
xulaman, "§exi Tills ken.” §ex tengaw bii,
emma gare nebfi, xulase §§x Tils kirin [sic],
ditin [sic] riwieki gay, teji aw, serek li bin
§utike gireday, sere di li naw paxile li
naw hugike kirasi inaye nik zenda desti,
gireday, wexte tizbi digiwi§it, ser§ riwie
diinite hindawe §erbiki, aw ji riwiye t§te
xar. Bi we Kile cahilSt ker hemi
l§bandibiln (SK 12:118,121) [118] They say that
a Pawai man came to Somay and Biradost and the
Kurasinis and made himself out to be a Shaikh ...
in every village that he visited he would, in full
view of the people, squeeze his rosary, under the
sleeve of his cloak, over a water pot. Water would
flow in a stream out of it. The people were all
amazed ... [121] Ali Khan summoned the Shaikh
to his home in the fortress of Chari. He said to him,
”1 would like you to give me some of the Water of
Life too.” The Shaikh said, "Very well." They
hrought an empty water pot, he squeezed his
rosary and water came out of it. Ali Khan was
amazed and did not know how it was. He said to
his servants, "Strip the Shaikh." The Shaikh was
desperate but there was no escape. In the end they
stripped the Shaikh. They saw that he had the gut
of an ox, full of water, with one end tied under his
cummerbund and the other end coming under his
armpit, inside his shirt-sleeve, being brought down
and tied near his wrist. When he squeezed his
rosary he would bring the end of the gut over the
water pot and water would come down out of the
gut. By means of this trick he had deceived all the
stupid asses. {a/so:hile (IFb); [hile] aLa (JJ); <Kile>
(HH)] {syn: delk’; fel I; lep) < Ar hllah =
'artifice, ruse, stratagem, trick, means to accomplish
an end, expedient’; Sor Kile [SK/H/JJ/HH/JBl-
A/GF//IFb]
Kilebaz m. ( ). trickster: *Muro§t [=mirovet]
qehwexane qewi §eytan fi Kilebaz bhn,
gotine [sic] yek u do "Werin, tedbireki
weto bikeyn ku pertala wi muro§ [=mirove]
Kurd bibeyn fi ew bizanit ft hig deng
neket u razi bit, u razi nebit bo wi ciyd
axiwtine nabit" (SK 28:253) The men of the
coffee house were great tricksters, they said to one
another, "Come, let us devise a plan to take this
Kurdish fellow’s goods, and when he discovers it
he will acquiesce and say nothing, and even if he
doesn’t acquiesce he won’t have anything to say.”
279
ft
( also: hilebaz (IFb); [hilebaz/heilebaz (Lx)] jL*lp.
(]J); <Kilebaz> jLLp-(HH)} Cf. P hile’baz jb«d_p. =
’cunning person, tricky fellow, cheat'; Sor hilebaz
jb<Jp (Kilebazi) [Zeb/K/JJ/HH/SK/GF//IFb]
Kilebazi f. ( ). trickery. Cf. P hile’bazi
dp. = ’trickery' [K/GF] <hilebaz>
Kim pP m. (-§; ). 1) | syn: bingeh; esas) base, basis,
foundation (e.g., of a house); 2) stone (JJ). {also:
him (SW/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/0K); xim (Msr/Hk); [him]
(JJ); <xim> ^p (HH)1 Cf. Arm himn =
'foundation' [SW/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/0K//
F/K/B//HH/Msr/Hk]
Kitik GL^p (). angora goat, variety of goat with
long, silky hair (mohair), {also: hit (IFb); hitik (FJ);
<Kit> op (HH)} (syn: gur I) [Qzl//FJ//IFb//HH]
<bizin>
Kizyp ni. (). 1) wineskin, water skin (K/B/JJ);
untreated animal skin in which oil is stored (IF); 2)
large jug (K); 3) [syn: qunde) catamite, passive
homosexual (HH/IFb). [also: hiz (IF/A); [hizjyp.
(JJ); <hiz>yp» (HH)} [Pok. aig- 13.] goat': O Ir
*izya-ka- = 'goat'; Av izaena- = 'made of (goat)
leather'; O P i0ya-ka-; Sgd ’zyh = 'leather bag';
Pamir dialects: Pashto zai; Ormuri Iz; Sanglechi
xece = 'inflated skin' (Morg); Baluchi hiz; Oss
xyzag; Khotanese Saka haysa; P xlk <dp = 'leather
bottle'; Sor fiiz jp = 'catamite, coward' & hize ojpfc
= 'black skin used as receptacle for [clarified
butter], syrup, etc.' & xige <dp - 'skin bottle for
liquids'. See Appendix II to: M. Schwartz.
“Proto-Indo-European Vgem” Monumentum H.S.
Nyberg, Acta Iranica, Series 2: Hommages et
Opera Minora, 5 (Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1975), vol. 2,
p. 210 + note p. 207 (misprint).
[F/K/B/JJ/HH//A/IFb] <me§k; pest; sirsum; xinusi>
Kog m. ( ). type of sandwich, "wrap" [T durum]:
•Totik ji hev kir, h£k dan! ser, kire hog u
xwar (GF) He took the biscuit apart, put an egg on
it, made it into a sandwich, and ate it. {also: hie (FJ-
2); hoc (FJ); tiig (GF-2)} (syn; balolk} [Rwn/K/GF//Fj]
Kol Jjp. /. ( ;-e). hut, shack; mud cottage, (syn: kol
II; k’ox [2]} [K/JB3]
Kolik JJjp. f (;-§). hut, shack; = dim. of Kol.
{also: holik (IFb/GF/TF); [holik] oLlpa (JJ)}
[K/B//IFb/JJ/GF/TF]
Kori (SK) = houri. See hori.
Hub v p f (-a;-§). love: *Mlr s@ cara Mem£ bir,
gimki Kuba Zin§ usa Meme biribu, Meme
delal haj xwe t’unebti (Z-l) The prince beat
Mem three times [at chess], because love of Zin
had made Mem lose sight of himself (=forget
himself); -Kuba dilane (EP-7) do. [lit. 'the love of
hearts']; -Kuba wet’en (B) patriotism, love of the
■
fatherland, (syn: dildari; e§q; evin[dari]} < Ar hubb
<p [Z-l/K/B] <Iiebandin; Kez kirin>
Kubir .pp^- f ( ,-e). ink. {also, hubir (EP-8), [houbr]
^.p. (JJ); <Kibr> (HH)} < Ar hibr _p
[EP-8//F/K/B/JJ//HH]
Kucim jpp (B)= attack. See Kucdm.
Kucum ppp (B) = attack. See Kucum.
Kucdm ppp f. ( ;-e). attack, {also: hucum (IF);
Kicum (B); hucim (B-2); Kucum (B-2)} [syn: eri§;
Kucunikirin) <Ar hujum pp*A; Sor hurujm pp^jpa
= heri§ JJ* = pelamar [K//B]
Kucdmkirin ^SGjpp f ( ;-e). attack, {also:
Kicumkirin (B)} {syn: eri§; Kucum} [F/K//B]
huk’met’ (JBl-A) = government. See
Kuk’umet.
Kukomet (SK) = government. See Kuk’umet.
Kuk’^um m. (*me; ). 1) [syn: emir 1} power,
authority; order, command; 2) influence, effect (B):
-Kuk’um kirin (B) to influence, effect; 3)
verdict, sentence (K); 4) {syn: dan III} used in time
expressions : *Di Kukme se rojada ewan
gihan male (K) In three days they reached home
•Di Kukme ’esre eze bem (K) I'll come toward
evening/in the [late] afternoon •KukmS nlvro (K)
at noon, {also: hukm (IFb); [houkm] pSG* (JJ)} < Ar
hukm piG- [K/A/JB3/IFb] <desthilat; Kakim>
hukumat (F). = government. See Kuk’umet.
Kuk’umet [B]/Kukumet [K]/Kuk’umet’
[JBl-A] /. (-a;-e). government, [also: hikumat (IFb-
2); hikumet (IFb/TF); hukumat (IFb-2); hukumet
(OK-2); liikumet (OK); Kuk’met’ (JBl-A-2);
Kukomet (SK); hukumat (F); Kuk’umeP (JBl-S);
[houkoumet] o^^iG. (JJ); <Kukumat> oG^SG. (HH)}
<Ar hukumah p^iG.; T hiikiimet; Sor hukumet
[K/B/JBl-A//IFb/TF//OK//SK//F//JBl-S/JJ//HH]
<fermandari>
Kuk’umet’ (JBl-S) = government. See
Kuk’umet.
hull I Jp (B) = being on edge (of teeth) . See alti.
hull II (SK-Ak) = smooth. See hilu I.
hull III ^p (OK) = plum. See KilH I.
Kulm jjpw (B) = steam; breath. See hilm.
Kulmgulm pJ^Op (B) = steam; breath. See hilm.
280
fiunar jb^. (B/Ba2) = art, skill. See hiner.
Kunur (Z-l) = art, skill. See hiner.
Kuq«e Aiy*. /. ( ;•§). oka, unit of weight, 400
dirhems or 2.8 lb (1282 grams): *[Mirovek ji du
Kuqan kemtiri gule baridi hilnagrin (sic)]
(BN 136) One never takes less than two okas of
bullets and gunpowder, {also: hoqe (K/IFb/B);
huqe (A); <huq[e]/hoq[e]> (BN); <huqqe>
ajb. (HH)) Cf. Ar uqqah *>)/huqqah ^ & T okka &
NENA huqqa (Sahar: Diet); Sor l'ioqe
[BN//HH//A//K/IFh/B]
Hur ^ adj. 1) unbridled, unruly: *Min pirsa xwe
ji teyre hur kire (EP-5. #17) I asked my
question of the unruly eagle; 2) impertinent,
insolent, cheeky, smart-alecky: -hur bun (K/B) to
act in an insolent manner: *Ez qiza p’ad§e
bilm, eze Kur btim, min k’ap§d geda
avitin, bela kirin (EH) I was the king’s
daughter, I became insolent, [and] threw the guys’
knucklebones all over the place. <Ar hurr =
’free' [EH/K/B] <p’arsustur; zimandirej>
hurmet (SK) = woman; respect. See
hurmet.
Huseyni m. (). Muslim (term used by
Yezidis): •Dasini mezhebek e, fizedi jl
dibSjine ... Ew dibejine c ulema@t xo
kogek u dibejine musulmanan Huseyni.
Daimi mabeyna Dasini ii Huseyniyan
dujminati ye (SK 39:344) The Dasinis are a
sect, also called Yezidis ... They call their own
religious authorities 'kochak' and Muslims they
call 'Husaini'. There is always enmity between
the Dasinis and the 'Husainis'. \syn: misilman)
[SK]
husilcemal (K) = beautiful woman. See
husulcemal.
K{ilire§k m. (). black plum, {also:
hilure§k (IFb); hiluyere§ (GF); hulire§k (IFb-2)}
(syn: incas [2]] [JBl-A//IFb/GF] <hilu I>
hur (B) = bowels. See hr.
fiusun q 33 -^ (JBl-A) = to rub. See hesun & sutin.
hut (K/B) = monster; whale. See hut.
iddi‘a IcojJ (SK) = claim. See idi c a.
idi (EP-7) = more; still; now. See edi & idi.
ilho^b (Bw) = eagle. See elih.
ilia Vij (JBl-A/OK) = unless; absolutely. See ilia.
iliac (JBl-S) - cure, remedy. See ilac.
ille *ib (K/L) = unless; absolutely. See ilia.
5 ilm pU (SK/HH) = knowledge; science. See ulm.
imbar jLol (Ba3-3) = storehouse. See 'embar.
in qS (K) = mommy. See inik.
inctiz j^uj/'incuz [EP-5] £ (-a;-e). wild
plant whose leaves are dried and smoked:
•Nav herdada ew niqitka xllne bft
dirike uncuz, §in bu (EP-7) This drop of
blood between the two of them became a thorn
bush, and grew; -incuza dewra ber§ (XF)
senile old gossiping woman; -buye pira
inctiz (XF) = a) to be a stay-at-home; b) to
be cunning, {also: uncuz (EP-7)} [EP-7//B]
<dirdirk; diri>
ine fag (B) = mommy. See inik.
ingiiiz yJfe (JB3) = Englishman. See ingliz.
inik £ (). mother, mommy: •Ine, bavo, ez
xulam@ weme (Ba2:2, p.207) Mommy, Dad,
Pm your servant [i.e., I’ll do as you say], [also:
in (K-2); ine (B)} ( syn: de I; mak| [F/K//B]
•inkar jl£d (SK/JJ/HH) = denial; refusal. See
ink’ar.
insiyatif £ ( ;-e). initiative: «Dive
dewleta Norwec§ di NY’S de ji bo
munaqe§e kirina pirsgirSka Kurd, bibe
xwediye insiyatifS (Wit 1:37, p.16) Norway
should take the initiative in discussing the Kurdish
problem in the UN. <Fr initiative—>T inisiyatif;
=Sor destpe§xeri [(neol)Wlt]
int’in
u~^
vi. (-int’-). l) to groan, moan (K/B);
2) to wheeze, grunt, breathe heavily (K); 3) to sigh
deeply (K); 4) [£ (-a;-e).7 [also: inFini f. ( ;-ye).
(K-2/B-2)) [syn: axin; nalenal; nalin) groaning,
moaning (K/B): •Bti int’ina Bek’oe 'Ewane
(FK-eb-1) A groan came from Beko Awan [villain
of the Mem u Zin story]. [FK-l/K/B]
inPini f. ( ;-ye). (K/B) = groaning, moaning. See
int’in [4].
Iraq ^^5 (JB3) = Iraq. See Iraq,
iro JD5 (Ad) = today. See iro.
islah a'LJ = weapon. See sileh I.
isleh = weapon. See sileh I.
ism = name. See ism.
istri
5 (HM) = thorn. See stiri I.
’i§k (GF/M§) = dry. See Ki§k.
i§qir (). type of grape. [Msr] <tiri>
ixPiyar (K) = old man. See ixt’iyar.
iyar jLS (RN) = goatskin sack. See 'eyar I.
izin QjS (JB3) = permission. See izin.
282
V
ica bw (B/IF) = this time; then. See icar.
tear adv. l) this time; 2) {syn: hinge) then: •Ija
em§ gi bikin? (J) What will (=should) we do
then? {also: ica (B-2/IF-2); ija (BX/J/B-2); inca (JB3);
incar) Sor inca UJ [BX/B/IF//K/A//BX/J//JB3]
<car>
icax f (-a; ). l) origin, ancestors; 2] {syn:
binemal) clan, tribe; family, lineage. [Zx/Bw]
<’e§iret; qebile> See also oeax.
ida (K/B) = more; still; now. See edi & idi.
iddia UjaJ (IFb) = claim. See idi c a.
iddia LojjlJ (CTV) = claim. See idi £ a.
idi adv. 1] now [Cf. T artik]: •Box, wexte
xarina teye idi (J) Ox, it's time for you to eat
now (or, It’s time to eat you now!] »Dae, idi xelq
t’oxim dire§ine! (}] Mom, now people are
sowing seed! • De rabe nan bine idi! (}) Get up
now and bring bread! »tdi meri nema §eherda,
Al-p’a§a gazi nekire, nani: idi k’ogek, idi
liekim d kal ii pire zemani (Z-l) There wasn’t
a man left in the city whom A.p. hadn't called:
neither hermit, nor doctor, nor old man »Wexta
Al-p , a§a salixe kale hilda, idi xwexa Tabu
gfi pey kal§ (Z-l) When A.p. received news of
the old woman (=learned of the old woman's
existence), he got up and went to the old woman;
-idi sib§ (Z-l) any minute now [lit. ’now.
tomorrow ]: # Q. birava vegeFiyane, we idi
sib§ bihijine Cizire (Z-l) Q. [and his] brothers
have returned, they will reach fizirah any minute
now; 2) more; still. See §di; 3) the ...-est
(superlative degree of adjs) (Msr): *Ez idi
mezinim (Msr) I am the biggest one. {also: edi
(IF); idi; ida (K/B); [eidi] ^ (JJ)} Sor itir^J =
’then, in future, any more’ [J/A//K/B//IF/JJ] See
also @di. <niha>
idi £ a LjjlJ f ( ;-e). claim: •Li gori hin idiayan
Atina ji bo xwe ji daxwaz§n Kohen rizgar
bike, we soz bide Amerika ku di der bar@
PKKe de ji bo hevkariye amade ye
(CTV107) According to some claims, in order to
free itself of [William] Cohen’s demands, Athens
will promise America that it is ready to cooperate
regarding the PKK; -idi £ a kirin (OK)/iddi £ a
kirin (SK) to claim, maintain, allege: •Barzani
iddia kir ku planen Emerika ji bo
hilwe§andina desthilatiya Saddam
Huseyin hene (CTV57) Barzani claimed that
America has plans to destroy Saddam Hussein's
power •Delila her dineki fieqq bit gar
ti§t in. Eger yek nuqsan bit fieqq niye.
Ewwel, dibit Fe'ise wi dini iddi £ a biket
ko, "Ez ji la§ xude hatime hinarin bo
te c lima insanan" (SK 39:348) The proof of
every true religion lies in four things. If one is
lacking it is not true. First, the leader of the
religion must claim that, "I have been sent from
God to instruct mankind." {also: iddi £ a (SK);
iddia (IFb); iddia (CTV-2)} < Ar iddi‘a‘ cUj) =
’claim’ < VIII of Vd-‘-w; Sor idi c a
[CTV//OK//IFb//SK]
idqat (K) = faith. See itiqad.
ifrit (IF) = jinn. See ferfiit.
ifisan f. { ;~e). bounty, benevolence,
beneficence, charity: »[Eger mirofek ji tayifa
xwendiyan ifisan d sedeqeyekd weyaxfi
te’am u zadeki bidine feqireki ez d§
gomaxeki li ve dehole bidim] (JR-2) If
someone from the class of the learned should
give charity or food to a poor person, I will strike
a blow on this drum, {also: [ehsan] ^Lo-1 (JJ);
<ibsan> (HH)) < Ar ihsan [verbal
noun of Vh-s-n IV] = ’beneficence, charity, alms
giving’ [JR/JJ/HH/SK//OK] <sedeqe>
ija )jl J (BX/J/B) = this time; then. See icar.
ikbal JLXJ = good luck; fate. See iqbal.
llac f (-a;-@). 1) {syn: g 5 are; derman) cure,
remedy (lit. & fig.) ; 2) {syn: hiner) way out (of a
situation) (B): »Bav dinihere llac nabe (Ba)
The father sees there is no use [lit. ’remedy’] •T 5 u
ilac t’une (B) There is no possibility; -ilac birin
(B) to cut out any possibility, miss the chance: »Le
gaxe ilaca d§ h bav§d wana dihate birin§,
wana pari nan§ Ki§koleki dida zara, ew
keF dibrin (Ba2-3, p.216) When all else failed
[lit., ’when their parents’ remedy or solution was
cut’], they would give the children a piece of dried
bread, and they [=the children] would quiet down;
-ilac ditin/kirin (B) to find one's way out (of a
situation) . {also: iliac (JBl-S); [il4j]
gl* (JJ); <‘ilac>
283
pis- (HH)} < Ar ‘ilaj = 'remedy, cure'
[K/IFb/B//JJ/HH//JB 1-S]
ilahi adv. especially, particularly: •[Q’iyaye]
Dfimanlfi Zeribxane ti gund£d dine nezik
ji ba@d §imalene sar xwey dikir, ilahi
zivistane (Ba2:l, p.202) [Mount] Dumanlu
protected Zeribkhaneh and other nearby villages
from the cold northern winds, especially in the
winter »Gured birgi ji nava xilxile kevira
derdik’etin ft radihi§tne ser pez, ilahi
gax@ baran dibari (Ba2:l, p.203) Hungry
wolves came out from the rock heaps and pounced
on the sheep, especially when it was raining. ( syn:
bi taybeti; nemaze; nexasme) [Ba2/K/B]
ilam (MUm) = unless; absolutely. See ilia,
ilia ULy conj. 1} [+subj.] unless: »Ez te c afw
nakem, ilia tu pi§ta min vemali
(biperxini) (Bw) I won't forgive you, unless you
rub my back *Nexo§ sax (ge/ba§) nabit, ilia
bigite nexo§xane (Bw) A sick person doesn't
(won't) get well unless he goes to the hospital; 2)
(syn: 'ese; helbet [2]; teqez] [often +subj.]
absolutely, without fail: *Ev hut ille lawe wi
hene, ev ne bi tene ye (L-l #3, p.46, 1.17)
This monster must have sons, he is not alone •Ilia
ez cigar[ek]e bike§im pi§ti zadi/xarine (Bw)
I absolutely must have a cigarette after eating *1113
tu iniye bigi? (Bw) Do you absolutely have to go
on Friday? *[Tayfey£d Ekrad we be c aql in,
dumahiya §ole milaKeze nakin. Hergi bete
£ aqle wan, ila de kin] (JR 6: 30) The Kurdish
tribes are so stupid, they do not think about the
end [or consequences] of an affair. Whatever
comes to their mind, they absolutely must do *We
dit gi qewimi? Cizdana min ne li ser min
e! Min ew ilam li dereki [sic] xist—yan ji li
dereki ji bir kir (MUm, 29) Do you see what
has happened? I don't have my wallet on me! I
must have dropped it somewhere--or forgotten it
somewhere. [also: ilia (JBl-A/OK); ille (K/L); ilam
(MUm); [ila] ^ (JJ)! <Ar ilia (< in la^ J) =
’except; unless’ —> T illa/ille = ’or else; come what
may’ [Bw/JR/IFb//JBl-A/OK//K/L//JJ//MUm]
lion (jJ-Lj f. (-a;-£). September: *Di 19’§ Ilona
1992 an de komcivina awarte ya duyemin
a HEP’e li Enqer§ li dar ket (Wit 1:43, p.9)
On the 19th of September 1992 HEP’s second
irregular congress took place in Ankara •[llonfi
zik t’ere ye, u dunya xere ye] (BG) In
September the stomach is full, and the world is
[full of] goodness, [also: Elun (GF/TF); ilun (B);
[iloul JjJjl/ilun/llun/ailun] (JJ); <ilun> (HH);
[ilone] (BG)) < Syr elul [elul 2 ^o\j 1; Heb
elul ] --> Ar aylul —> T Eylul/Eyliil;
corresponds to last part o/Gelawej
jy^«J?Berewpayiz (P sahrlvar^^i)
[Virgo] & 1st part of Miran jl^/Rezber joojoj (P
mehr^*) [Libra] [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/OK//GF/TF/BG//
B/HH//JJ]
Ilun Dss-Ly (B/HH) = September. See lion,
ilxi (J*. Lj, f. (B) = herd of horses. See irxi.
iman jL-y f. ( ;-e). 1) faith; 2) f syn: itbar (F)} trust,
confidence; 3) [adj.] conscientious (B): »Ew
meriki imane (B) He is a conscientious man.
[also: [aiman] jLd (JJ)) <Ar Iman jLd - ’faith’
[F/K/IF/B/JJ]
In (A/JB3/IF/HH/Msr) = Friday; week. See Ini.
inan jtyJ (M/MK) = to bring. See anin & inandin.
inandin qjjIlJ vt. (-inin-). 1) to bring in; to
transport, transfer (JJ): *Qurse zera ji mala
inandibu (EP-8) He brought in bars of gold from
the houses; 2) to take or capture booty, to
plunder: *Penci extirme inandibtl (EP-8) He
brought in (^captured) 50 horses, [also: [inandin]
(JJ)) [EP-8/K/JJ/Bw] See also anin.
inca (JB3) = this time; then. See icar.
incar jUwJ = this time; then. See icar.
incas f. (-a;-e), plum (AB/TG2); black plum
(IF), [also: incaz (K/JB3/TG2); [anjas/injaz] jL*d
(JJ)} (syn: herug [1]| < Ar injas = ’pear’, cf.
Heb agas 01X = ’pear’ [AB//K/JB3/IF/TG2/Frq/
Qzl/Czr//JJ] <aluge; dembul; §ilor>
incaz jUti-y (K/JB3/TG2) = pear; plum. See incas.
Ine (F) = Friday; week. See Ini.
ingiiizyJ^qJ (IF) = Englishman. See ingliz.
inglis (B) = Englishman. See ingliz.
inglisi (F) = English. See ingliz.
ingliz m. (). Englishman: -jina ingliz (K)
Englishwoman; -zimane ingliza[n] (K) English
language, [also: ingiliz (JB3); ingiliz (IF); inglis
(B-Z)) [F/K/B//JB3//IF]
inglizi adj. English: -zimane inglisi (F) the
English language, [also: inglisi (F)} [F/K]
284
ini f. ( ;-y§). 1) {syn: Cume) Friday; 2) (syn:
Kefte 1} week, {also: Eyni II (SK); In (A/JB3/IF/Msr);
Ine (F); [ein ^1/lni ^.1] (JJ); <in> qj) (HH)} P
adlne «uj j); Sor heyni = ’Friday’; Za ine
(Todd)/ene (Mai) m. - 'Friday'
[K/B/JJ/Rh//A/JB3/IF/HH/Msr//SK//F]
ink’ar f. (). 1) denial: -ink’ar kirin: a) to
deny: •Hestirek ji g’a’ve Xece k’ete ser
surete Siabend. Siabend rabu, got: “Xece,
tu gima giriyay?” Xece ink’ar kir (IS-#369)
A tear fell from Khej’s eye and fell on Siyabend’s
face. He asked, “Khej, why were you crying?’*
[But] Khej denied [that she had been]; b) to refuse:
2) refusal: *Hinek xan u mired K’urda qirar
kir komeke bidin xane QPengzerin, hineka
ji jera nivisin ink’ar (EP-8-#78) Some khans
and princes of the Kurds promised to help Khan
Chengzerin, while others wrote him their refusal.
[also: inkar (SK); ink’ari (B/K-2); [inkar kirin]
j15j) (JJ); <inkar kirin qJ'jISj) (inkar dike) (oSj
(HH)) <Ar inkar jlS31, verbal noun of ankara
IV 'J3 1 = ’to deny' ~>T inkar [EP-8/IS/F/K/IFb/B//
JJ/HH/SK]
ink’ari (B/K) = denial; refusal. See ink’ar.
••
insan m. ( ; insen/isen [Ba]). person.
human being: *Mala xwe kir wek a isana (L)
He made his house like everyone else’s [lit. 'like
that of the people’] # Ne axir g’eve isen tek ji
xaliye t’er dibe (Ba) [?It is only thanks to the
land that a person becomes a disgrace]; -’evd u
isan (EP-7) human beings, {also: isan (Ba/L);
[insan] jLi! (JJ)) (syn: kabra; mer; meriv) <Ar
insan [Ba/L//K/IF/B/JJ]
iprax f (). stuffed grape leaves: # Xarina
bajeriya, ko §irini, pilaw, go§t, eprax,
§orbawa bi dermanet benxo§ u ti§te weki
wane bo wi didanane ser sifre (SK 31:274)
He would set on the tablecloth townsmen's food,
which is sweetmeats, pilaf, meat, stuffed vine-
leaves, soup with fragrant spices and other such
things, {also: eprax (SK)) ( syn: dolme) <T yaprak
= 'leaf [Dh/OK//SK]
iqbal JLjlJ m. (-§; ). l) {syn: siud [2]) good fortune,
good luck (K/JJ): •frxbale we §ixuli (K) You are
in luck!; -sifiud u iqbal (Z-2) good fortune; 2)
fate, destiny (K). {also: exbal; exbal (K); ikbal;
[eqbal] JL»1 (JJ)] <Ar iqbal jLsl = ’welfare, good
fortune, prosperity' [Z-2/IF//K//JJ]
Iran f. ( ;-§). Iran: -K’urdistana !ran§ (K)
Kurdistan of Iran, Iranian Kurdistan, {also: [iran]
<jl ^ (JJ)) Cf. P Iran [Ba2/K/A/JB3/JJ] <Faris>
Iraq f. ( ;-§). Iraq: -Huk’umeta Iraqe (Ba2)
The Republic of Iraq; -K’urdistana lraq§ (K)
Kurdistan of Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan, {also: Iraq (JB3)J
Cf. Ar al-hraq [K/A/JB3/IF]
irixgi (F) = horse herder. See irxigi.
iro j^J/iro [JBl-S] adv. 1) today: # lro ez
nexwe§ im (L) Today I'm sick *30 sal bere
seeta bave min ketibti. v£ bire, min ji iro
derxist (LM, p.12) 30 years ago my father’s watch
fell into this well, today I brought it out; -iroda
(B) from today on; -ji iro u pe de (IF) from
today on; 2) nowadays: •Komara Tirkiye ne
weke bere ye. Iro pe§ketin, wekhevi
heye, dadmendi (edalet) heye (Wit 2:59,
p. 13} The Turkish Republic is not like before.
Nowadays there is progress [and] equality, there is
justice, {also: evro (Zx); evro (JBl-A); ewro (SK);
iro (Ad); iroro (BX-2); iru; [irou](JJ); <iro>j^1
(HH)} Cf. P emruz Sor emro [imfo]
[ynJl/emroke <\55^c^/ewroZa ewro (Todd);
Hau aro (M4) [BX/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH//JB1-S//
Ad//JJ//Zx/JB 1 - A//SK] <ditn; roj; sibe>
iroro jj (BX) = today. See iro.
iru = today. See iro.
irxi m.(K)/f.(B) ( ; /-ye), herd (of horses),
{also: llxi, f. (B)) (syn: qefle; revo) Cf. T yilki =
'herd of horses or asses turned loose to range at
will' (RC) & llgi/ilhi & lrhi [Erzurum] = 'herd of
horses, donkeys, or goats’ (DS, v.7, p. 2467) [K//B]
chesp; irxigi; fevo>
irxigi m. (). horse herder, {also: irixgi (F)J
• •
[syn: revogi) [K//F] <hesp; irxi; revo>
isaf f. ( ;-e). l) justice, fairness (K/B/JJ); 2)
conscience (B). {also: [insaf] oLoil (JJ)) < Ar insaf
oL^J [Z-1/K/B//JJ] <wicdan>
isal JL^o adv . this year, {also: evsale (Zeb); [isal] JLol
(JJ)i Cf. P emsal JL*J; Sor emsal JL.^; Za emser
(Todd) [BX/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B//Zeb] <par; sal>
isan (Ba/L) = person. See insan.
isk pi. 1) (syn: qilpik[l]) hiccup(s): -iskdt
xarine (Zeb) do.; 2) death rattle: -isk§t mirinS
(Zeb) do. {also: <isk> JLol (HH)) = Sor nizgere
0 ^ = 'hiccup' [Zeb/Dh/IFb/GF/HH/TF] <qilpik>
islah = weapon. See sileh I.
isleh = weapon. See sileh I.
285
isleh aLL wJ (L) = weapon. See sileh I.
Ism m. (-e; ). name: -isme sere (L) words
of magic, incantation, spell; -isme sere
s
xwendin (L) to cast a spell, {also: ism; isme
(B); [ism] (JJ)} ( syn: nav 1} < Ar ism =
'name' ~> T isim [L/K/IFb//JJ//B] <ser I;
t’ilism>
isme (B) = spell, incantation. See ism.
isot f. (-a;-e). pepper (plant, vegetable), bot.
Piper nigrum, Capsicum (syn: back; biber; guncik;
fiigfiar}: *!sot§ dev£ min §ewitand (AB) The
pepper burnt my mouth; -isote hur (Ad) black
pepper (spice) [syn: dermane germ (Msr/A/JJ-PS)).
?< T isi ot = ’hot herb’; cf. S-Cr isiot = 'ginger'; Za
isot m. = pepper’ (Mai) [AB/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/
Msr/Erh] <dermane germ>
ispati m. Q. clubs (suit of playing cards), (syn:
sinek) [Elk/Qzl/Wn]
istekan f ( small glass for tea. {also:
istkan (IFb); stekan (B-2/GF)] {syn: peyale; §u§e
[3]} < Rus stakan CTaKaH ~> P estekan jlSU;
Sor istikan [K/B/TF//IFb//GF]
<avxork>
istgah a (K[s]) = station. See istgeh.
istgeh 5 f. Q. station; radio station, {also: istgah
(K[s]); izgeh (IF-2)} Cf. P Istgah olSLol; Sor istge
[(neol)JB3//K(s)/IF] <bihistok (neol.); pelwe§
(IF); radyo>
istkan (IFb) = tea glass. See istekan.
i§ m. (-e; ). work, job: *t§e te pe tune be (L)
There will be nothing more for you to do. {also:
[l§] (JJ)) {syn: §uxul; xebat) < T i§; Sor i§ jus
[L/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
c i§andin vt. to perceive; to notice,
look at; to listen to: •Mem§ giqa bi herdu
g’e’va li ya p’e§i di ’i§ine, / Gustila xwe
di t’iliya w£da dibine (Z-2) When Meme's eyes
fell on the [girl] in front, / He saw his ring on her
finger •Meme disa li a p’e§i di'i§ine (Z-2,
p.79) Meme once again noticed the one in front
• Stiya Zin derk’etiye p’acS li wan di'i§ine
(Z-2) Lady Zin went out to view them through the
skylight *[Bek’o] Qft di ber oda Mem§da,
g’e’v§ xwe di p’ac@da di'i§ine, / ko va
stiya Zin ft Meme di odeda runi§tine (Z-2)
[Beko] passed before Meme's room, looked in
through the skylight, / [And saw] Lady Zin and
Meme sitting in the room • Stiya Zin ji xwera
disekine, / 0 li xeberdane wi di’i§ine (Z-2)
Lady Zin stood there, / And listened to what he
said. [Z-2] <hi§>
i§ev adv. tonight, this evening, {also: ev§eve
(Zeb); [ichewe] 1 (JJ); <i§ev> 1 (HH)} Cf.
P emsab Sor em§ewj<uLoA5 = 'tonight'; Za
em§o = 'tonight' (Todd); Hau e§ew (M4)
(BX/K/A/IFb/B/HH/JBl-S/GF//JJ] <§ev>
i§ik JLlJ (IFb) = stick for tightening ropes. See i§k I.
i$k I f. (). turn of the loop (in tightening a rope
tied around a load on a horse's back)] small stick
used for this purpose (HH): -i§k le dan
(Qzl/Ag/Qtr-E) to tighten a load, by looping the
rope—each turn of the loop is an "i§k." {also: i§ik
(IFb); <i§k> (HH)) [Qzl/Ag/QlrE/K{s)/HH//IFb]
<dar§ixre>
i§kenc*e f ( ;•§). torture: -i§kence
dan (OK/GF)/i§kence kirin (K[s]/OK) to
torture, torment: «Di meha Mijdare de
hinek hevalen min hatin bingavkirin
ft. li wan i§kence hatibti kirin (Wit 2:66,
p.2) In November some of my friends were
arrested and tortured; -i§kence ditin
(OK)/k’etin §kence (K[s]) to be tortured, [also:
§kenc (GF-2); §kence (K[s]/GF); [skengia] (JJ-
G)) <T i§kence <P sekanje
[ Wlt/IFb/OK//K(s)/JJ-G/GF]
i§lik m. (-e; ). shirt, {also: <i§lik> <JLLio] (HH))
[syn: kiras [1]; qemis; qutik) < T i§lik = 'shirt' (DS,
v.7, pp. 2564-65) [Plt/Dy/K/A/HH/GF/TF/RZ]
lt’bar /. ( 1) trust, confidence; faith;
2) value, worth (IF); 3) [ adj .] {syn: ewlekar;
saxlem [2]) reliable, dependable, trustworthy
(K/B/Bw): •miroveki gelek extflbar (Bw) an
extremely reliable person, {also: extubar (Bw);
itibar (IF); iFpar (Z-3); [itibar] jLx*l (JJ)) < Ar i'tibar
= 'consideration, respect', verbal noun of
Ftabara VII [V-b-r ^] = 'to consider, regard';
Sor itibar jL^co = 'reputation, credit' [EP-
7 /K/B//IF/JJ//Bw]
itibarjlccJ (IF) = trust; value. See it’bar.
itiqat = faith. See itiqad.
itiqad f. (). faith, belief: -itiqad bfin = to
believe, hope: *Pa§e M. itqat bft, weki ew
Cizire, ya ko ew dixaze (Z-l) Then M.
believed that this Jizirah was the one he was
286
seeking [lit. ’that he wants’], {also: idqat (K); itiqat;
itqat (Z-l); [itiqad] (JJ)) Cf. Ar i'tiqad jI&p! =
'belief, verbal noun o/i‘taqada VII [V c -q-d x&*]
= ’to believe’ [Z-l/K/JJ] <bawer; ewle I; ol>
it’par jL^-J (Z-3) = trust; value. See ft’bar.
itqat oliJ (Z-l) = faith. See itiqad.
fxt’iyar m. (). old man. {also: ixt’iyar (K);
ixtiyar) { syn: kal I) < clq Ar ixtiyar & T
ihtiyar [L/IF//K] <bapir>
ixtiyar = old man. See fxt’iyar.
izgeh JtofyJ (IF) = station. See fstgeh.
iz»in jy-J f. (*na; iz[i]n£). permission: -fzna fk-§
dan = to permit, allow s.o.: •T 5 ewaqe[t] ji wf
bikin, bira ew fzna Osib bide, ku ew ji
wera here neg’fre (Ba) Beg him to allow Joseph
(=so that he gives Joseph permission) to come
hunting with you (=that he come hunting with you)
• Eme izna MemS bidin, bira here ser
kanfye (Z-l) We will permit Mem to go to the
spring. {a7so; izin (JB3); izn (IFb-2/B-2)) [syn:
destur; redan) < Ar idn [Ba/K/IFb/B//JB3]
izn QjJ (IFb/B) = permission. See fzin.
287
♦
♦♦
J
jahr (A) = poison. See jehr.
jale aJ)j f. (). oleander, {syn; ful; ziqum (IF) } Sor jaie
Jb [K(s)/IF/OK]
jan (j)j f. (-a;-e). 1) sorrow: -jana dila (IF)
heartache; 2) {syn: e§} (sharp) pain: -jana drana
(IF) toothache; -jana Te§ (IF/A) melancholia;
-jana seriya (IF/A) headache; 3) disease (IF/A);
epidemic (JJ): *Jan 16 k’et (K) He took ill; -jan
girtin (K) to fall ill; -jana zirav (A) tuberculosis.
{also: [jan] (JJ); <jan> c j)j (HH)1
[K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH] <e§in>
jandarm pjljjlj (F) = gendarme. See cendirme.
jar I j)j adj. 1) {syn: lawaz; lexer; narin; qels 1; zeyf;
zirav I; ^k’ok I; ^qelewj thin (K/JB3/B/JJ/IF); lean
(of meat) (B); 2) {syn: zeyf} weak (K/JB3); 3) poor,
wretched, miserable (K/A/JJ/IF): •[Ti§teki
nadine jaran] (JR) They don't give anything to
the poor; 4) religious Muslim (JJ). { also: [jar] (JJ);
<jar> jb‘ (HH)} Cf. P zar j )j = ’weak, thin’; Sor hejar
j\J+& {jarayi; jareti; jari; jarti}
[K/A/JB 3 /IF/JR/B /JJ/HH]
jar II jb (IF)/jaT II (IS) = poison. See jehr.
jarayi (B) = thinness. See jari.
jareti (A) = thinness. See jari.
jari f. Q. thinness, leanness, {also: jarayi (B);
jareti (A); jarti (B)} {syn: narini (K)}
[K/JB3/IF//B//A//B]
jarti ^“jtj (B) = thinness. See jari.
jebe§ (Zx/HH) = watermelon. See zebe§.
jeh Aoj (GF) = bowstring. See jih.
jehir = poison. See jehr.
jehr f. (-a;-e). poison; venom, {also: jahr (A);
jar II (IF-2); ja’r II (IS); jehir; jehre (JB1-S); jer (F);
jeT (B/Z-2); je’re (JBl-S); [jair j)j /jar Jj] (JJ); <jehr
/jehri (HH)) [syn: axu (HB/K/JB3)} [Pok.
gHhen-( 0 )- 491.] ’to strike, hurt’ —> [*gBhn-tro-|: Skt
hatni- [hirhsra-] = ’injurious, harmful’: O Ir jaSra- =
’means of causing death, poison' (Tsb2, p.ll); P
zahr jjtj --> T zehir; Sor jar jtj/jehir j; Za
ja’r/je’r m. & ja’ri/je’ri f. (Mai)
[AB/K/JB3//A//B//F//JB1-S//JJ//HH] <mergemu§>
jehre o^Jtoj (JBl-S) = poison. See jehr.
jene f. ()• (bee)sting(er). [S&E/K]
jeng j f. ( ;-6). rust: -jeng girtin (IFb)/zingar6
16 av6tin (JB3) to rust, {also: zeng (K/A/IFb-
2/B/Ba2); zengar (MK2); zingar (JB3); [jenk] Jbj
(JJ); <zeng> j5j (HH)} Cf. P zang j5j; Sor jeng
Jjoj; Za zincar (Todd); Hau jenge f. (M4)
[Haz/Bw/IFb/K(s)/JJ //K/A/B/HH/Ba2//MK2//JB3]
<jengari> See also zeng.
jengar jldoj (IFb) = rusty. See jengari & zengari.
jengari adj. rusty, {also: jengar (IFb); jengdar
(IF/K); jenggirti (B-2); jengi (SK); jingar (IFb-2);
zengari (A); zeng[g]irti (K/B); [jenk ghirtiie]
-lj. (JJ)) [Haz//A//IFb/K//B//JJ] <jeng>
See also zengari.
jengdar J jJjoj (IF/K) = rusty. See jengari & zengari.
jenggirti j (B) = rusty. See jengari & zengari.
jengi fjioj (SK) = rusty. See jengari & zengari.
jenu^Joj (GF) = knee. See ejnti.
jer joj (F)/je’r (B/Z-2) = poison. See jehr.
je’re o ^oj (JBl-S) = poison. See jehr.
jev <Joj. 1) {syn: jek) from each other, from one
another, apart: -jev qetiyan (IF) to part, separate
(vi.) {syn: jek qutin (JBl-S)(; 2) [adj.] open, gaping
(e.g., a wound) (B): «birina jev (B) an open
wound. < ji = ’from' + hev = ’each other’
[BX/K/A/IF/B]
je I fej = from him/her/it. See ji.
je II (M) = bowstring. See jih.
jeder joJu j m. (). 1) {syn: g’avkani; kan} source,
origins: *Bi mebesta ku em ji jederen
saxlem xwe li ser rew§a 6zidiyan bikin
xwedi zanin me ji deve Mire ezidiy6n
Duhok6 pirsgireken wan guhdarikirin (Wit
2:73, p.16) With the purpose of informing
ourselves about the situation of the Yezidis from
reliable sources, we have listened to their problems
straight from the mouth of the Mir of the Yezidis of
Dihok; 2) {syn: mesder; rader) ?infinitive (gram.)
(OK). l(neol)Wlt/GF/OK/Hej]
je*girtin vt. (ji ... -g[i]r-J. 1) {syn: bijartin 1}
to pick, choose, select: *[Go: "Babo, hespek
bide min da’z 16 suwar bim." Got6: "Kur6
min, de here tavile, hezar ti du me’negi
we li tavile da, bo xwe eki je bigre." £u
bo xwe eki ji hemiya girt, ina der6] (PS-11
#34, p.104, 11.22-24) He said, "Papa, give me a
horse so that I can ride.” He told him, "My son, go
to the stable, there are 1,002 horses in the stable,
choose one for yourself.” He went and picked one,
and brought it out; 2) to effect s.o. [ negatively ]:
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•Ewe xebere geleki ji min girt (XF x-#37)
Those words had quite an effect on me.
[Zeb/PS-II/OK/ XF/AId]
jehati adj. 1) quick-witted, sharp, clever (K);
2) able, capable (A/JB3/IF/JB1-S); skilled (JJ/IF);
one who knows his profession well (JJ/JBl-S).
{also: [ji-hati] (JJ)} [AB/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/JB1-S]
jeheli (Bw) = incline. See jiheli.
j§k JjJ. from each other, from one another, apart:
-jek anin (JB3) to disunite, separate; -jek bun
(JBl-S) to be beheaded or decapitated; -jek kirin
(JBl-S) to behead, decapitate, slice off; -jek qutin
(JBl-S) to part, separate (vi.) { syn: jev qutiyan);
-j§k ve kirin [JBl-A) to open, [syn: jev) < ji =
’from’ + ek = ’one' [BX/JB3/JB1-A&S]
je» kirin qJZJ vt. (je-k-). to cut or chop off, to snap
off: -serjekirin/§erjekirin = to behead,
decapitate, chop s.o.’s head off. [also: [ji-kirin]
(jtAi QJ)1 [Z-l/K/A/IF/B/JJ/JBl-S]
jela adv. upward, from below (K/B/IF): •Gaxe
m§riv jela li Keg’e g’ie diniherl (Ba2) When
people look upward to the mountain peak [from
below] *Qjike jela nukule xwe li cer xist,
cer qul bti. (EH) The bird thrust its beak into the
clay jug from below, and poked a hole in it [lit.
'the jug became pierced’], {also: jell II (IF))
[Ba2/K/B//IFJ <jiheli>
jelilahi (Hk) = incline. See jiheli.
jeli I prep, since (time) . [syn: ewev; ji ... u vir
de; jirki) [BX/JB3/IF]
jell II (IF) = upward, from below. See jela.
jer JJ f. ( ;-e). 1) lower part, underside, bottom
(JJ/K/B/F/IF); 2) [adv.] (syn; xwar; ^jor) down,
downward, downstairs: -berbijer/serbijer = do.;
-jere (B) down, downward (motion toward) :
•Ewana ji ser k’o§k§ hatine jere (EP-7) They
went down from the roof of the palace; 3) [syn:
ba§ur; cenub: ni§iv (Bw)) south (IF): # Welaten jer
(IF) The southern countries, [also: [jir] (J))) <0 Ir
*ha£a = ’from’ + *adari = ’below’: Mid P azer =
’below, under’ (M3); Sgd c’8r [Cadir]; P zlr =
’beneath’; Sor jer J.j = under side, bottom; under,
below, down’; Za cer = ’down(ward)' (Todd); Hau
ger-u = under’ (M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B] <jenn;
ni§iv>
jerin qJjJ (B) = lower. See j§rin.
jert (SK) = lower. See j§rin.
jerin qjJjJ adj. lower, inferior, [also: jerin (B-2); jeri
(SK); [jirin ^j/jiri ^j] QJ)} Cf. P zerln =
’lower, under’ [K/IFb/B/GF/TF//SK] <bin I & II;
jorin; xwar>
j§ve»biln vi. (jeve-b-). to let alone, leave
alone, let stg. be; to drop, change (the subject)\ to
detach o.s., separate o.s. from: # Ez jeve bum
(Bw) I left it alone [=Min hela]. [Bw/GF/OK]
<hi§tin>
ji I j prep. 1) from [Cf. Germ, ’von’, Rus. ’ot’]: *Mala
min ji bajer diir e (BX) My house is far from
town *Koger ji de§te hatine (BX) The nomads
came from the plain; -ji xwe = a) naturally [lit.
’from itself] (BX); b) already (Hk); 2) from, out of,
of [often with pl.[ [Cf. Germ, ’aus', Rus. ’iz']: [also:
ji ... re): *Ewe ji qehre guldank §ikest (BX)
She broke the vase out of anger *Ji n§za znir
(BX) He died of hunger # Miz kir ji tirsa re (L)
He pissed out of fear *Ji kefa re beziya, hat
male (L) Out of joy (=full of joy) he ran home
•M. we ji k’erba bit’eqe (EP-7) M. was about
to burst with/out of grief *Leven min ji tinan
ziwa bftn (AB) My lips became try from thirst; 3)
of, from among: •Yeki ji wan = One of them; 4)
made of or from: *Helva ji §!reze genabe
(BX) Halvah is not made of resin [prv.]\ 5) since
(time) ; 6) than: # Ji penci carl behtir gotina
"mist" di §una gotina ’’mizdane" de, bi
gewti hatiye bikaranin (AW73C2) More than
50 times the word "mist” was incorrectly used
instead of the word "mizdan" # Riwe te ji heyva
gardehe rew§entir e (BX) Your face is brighter
than the moon on the 14th [of the month]; 7)
indicates manner: »ji piya (BX) standing [cf. Sp
'de pie']; 8) used together with postpositions :
-ji ... de = since (time) , starting from: *Ji jor de
hate xwar (BX) He came down [lit. ’from on
high he came down'] *L§ pirgemekS xwe
rugikand dibil [=rugikandi bfi]: ji wS
roje de §erm dike ko bi ro derkeve (SW)
But the bat had already plucked out its feathers:
from that day on it was ashamed to come out
during the day »Roja xwe§ ji sibeh§ de
xwe§ e (BX) A good day is good from the
morning on ]prv.]\
-ji ... der = a) outside of (physical location) ;
beyond: # Ew ji §eher der diji (K) He lives
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outside of the city »Ewa tu dib§ji ji qewata
min dere (FK-eb-1) What you're asking is
beyond my power *Ji reya me der (BX)
Outside of our path; b) besides, except for: »Je
der (K) Except for him *Ji koma me der
keseki xebat nekiriye (K) Except for our
group, nobody did any work;
-ji ... p£ ve = outside of, except for {syn: be {I[2]);
ji bill; xenci):*Ji te pe ve = except for you «jft
pe ve (=ji wi ft pe ve) = moreover *Me
Kurdan edebiyateke niviski, ji gend
klasikdn p§ ve, heseb nine (SW) Except for
a few classics, we Kurds cannot be considered to
have a written literature;
-ji ... re [or: Ta] a) to [often shortened to simply -
re/-ra]: *Ez ji te re herti§ti dibejim (BX) I
tell you everything *je re = to him/her/it »ji
te re = to you [thee] *Min ji xwe re digot
(BX) I told myself *Ji Hono re bebexti kirin
(BX) They betrayed Hono »Xwede teala
qundirek j£ re §and (L) God sent him a
gourd; -k’efa fk-e ji behvan re hatin = to
like, to be pleasing to s.o.: »Kefa min j£ re t§
(BX) I like it, it pleases me; b) (See [lb] above);
-ji ... ft vir de = since (time) {syn: ewey; jell I;
jirki]: *Ji w£ roj£ ft vir de (BX) Ever since
that day;
-ji ... ve = according to: »ji te ve = according to
you; 9 )i m£j ve = for a long time (up to and
including the present moment) *ji n£z!k ve =
soon; from nearby *ji dftr ve = from afar »ji
ni§k£va = suddenly. See ni§keva *ji piya
ve [or, ji piya] = standing [cf. Sp 'de pie 1 ], {also:
[ji] j (JI)} Note: ji + wi/we = je; ji + hev = jev.
[Pok I. sekH- 896.] ’to follow’ —^instrumental
case of thematic root-noun *sek^o-s = ’one
following’): Skt saca = ’with’; Av haca = 'with';
OP haca = ’from’; Mid P az = 'from, than' (M3); P
az ji; = Sor le ... -ewe 030 ...J; = Za -ra; Hau
je/gene = 'from, in' & je/gene ... -ewe = ’from, to'
(M4) [BX/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
ji II j (§nx/Slv/Zx) = also. See ji I.
ji ber kirin qJ' j vt. (ji ber -k[e]-). 1 ) to
memorize, learn by heart {syn: *rewa kirin); 2)
to take off, remove (eyeglasses): *Ez bergavket
xo ji ber dikem (Bw) I take off my glasses [lit.
'I take them from in front of me’]. Cf. P az bar
yjl = 'by heart' --> T ezber [Bw/K/A/IFb/GF]
ji bill ^ j prep, apart from, besides, other than,
except for [mostly ji bill): • [ji] bill wi = apart
from him, other than him; -ji bil ... ve (BX) do.:
• Ji bil min ve kes ne ma bft (BX) Other than
me, nobody was left, {also: bijli (Zeb); [sbel] Jjj
CJJ)} (syn: be I[2]; ji ... pe ve) [BX/K//JJ//Zeb]
jih Aj (IFb/GF/TF) = bowstring. See jib.
jiheli ^ m. (-ye; ). uphill slope, ascent, incline:
• a
• Qu jiheli be jordani nine (Bw) What goes up
must come down [lit. 'there is no uphill slope
without a downhill slope'] ]prv.]. {also: jeheli (Bw-
2); jelilahi (Hk)} (symhevraz [1]) [Bw//Hk]
cberwar; ^jordani>
ji jo jjj (A/IF) = hedgehog. See jftji.
jiju (B) = hedgehog. See jftji.
jimar jLj (F/K/B) = number; issu e(of a journal) . See
hejmar.
jimardin jLj = to count. See hejmartin.
jimare ojLj (IF) = number; issu e(of a journal) . See
hejmar.
jimartin ^'jLj (-jimir-) (F/K/B/IF) = To count. See
hejmartin.
ji me getir ^ j pi. jinns, genies, demons,
devils: *Ji me g£tir newerin xo niziki wi
cihi biken y£ ku asin le bit (JH, 17) Jinns
don't dare to approach a place where there is iron
•Jime getira, her tim li zarftk£n xwe§ik, bi
gan ft go§t dinitirin (MB, 23) Jinns always keep
an eye out for beautiful, plump children, {syn: cin)
lit. = 'those better than us'; cf. NENA an bistof
minnan = 'demons, ghosts (lit. those who are better
than us)' (Sabar:Dict) [MB/JH/XF] <getir; dew;
ferhit; §eytan>
jimirin (K) = to count. See hejmartin.
jin jj f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: pirik [3]) woman; 2) (syn:
kevani; kulfet (F); zee) wife, married woman: -jin
anin/~standin = to take a wife, be married (said
of a man) ; -jina bi (B/F) widow. See jinebi.
{a7so: [jin] qJ (JJ) } [Pok. gyena-ZgHena-Zg^em-, gen.
gyn-as/*gy e n_as 473.] 'woman' [*gHenH 2 -,
originally paradigmatically linked to *g^neH 2 -
(Mayrhofer)]: Skt j4ni- f = 'woman'; Young Av
Jaini- f ; Mid P zan; Parthian jn; P zan qJ] Sor jin
qJ; Za ceni f. (Todd); Hau jeni f. (M4); cf. also Arm
kin ; Gr gyne yuvr|(gen. gynaikos yuvouicog);
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Rus zena >KeHa = 'wife'; Eng queen (originally =
’woman') [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JB 1-A&S/
SK/GF/TF/OK] <buk I>
jinabi ^Uj = widow. See jinebi.
i*
jinap ybj f. (-a;-e). aunt, wife of paternal uncle
(ap, qv.) : «Inca hinge ape wi, jinapa wi
ze’f ji wi Kiz dikin (Z-4) Then his uncle
(=father’s brother) and his aunt (=uncle’s wife)
loved him very much. [cf. clq Ar mart ‘amm
sPL>4M]. {also: [jin ap] qJ (JJ))
\syn: amojin; jinmam)
[Z-l/K/A/IF/JJ/B] <ap; mam; jinxal>
jinbab (Bw) = stepmother. See jinbav.
jinbav *JLj j f. (-a;-§). stepmother; mother of
children engendered by a previous union (JJ). [also:
jinbab (Bw); [jin-bab] V L (JJ); <jinbab>
(HH)) ( syn: demari; zirdayik)
[K/A/JB3/IF/B//JJ/HH//Bw] cbavmari; hewi;
nevisi; zirbav>
jinbir (A) = sister-in-law, brother's wife. See
jinbira.
jinbir* a 1 j f. ( ;•§). sister-in-law, brother's wife.
[also: jinbir (A)) [L/K/IF/B//A] cbaltuz; buk I;
cayi; di§; jint’i II>
jinebi ^aJ j f. (). widow, [also: jinabi; jina bi (B/F);
jinubi; [jin-a bi] ^ bj (JJ); <jinebi> (HH)) [syn:
bi I) Cf. P blve Sor bewejin qJ Za [ceniya]
viya (Todd) [K/A/IF/HH//F/B/JJ] <bi I; jinmiri>
jingar jlC j (IFb) = rusty. See jengari.
jinik = dim. of jin.
ji ni§ka ve 1$2 j j (JB3/GF/OK) = suddenly. See
ni§k5va.
ji ni§ke ve j (IFb) = suddenly. See ni§keva.
jinmam I. Q. aunt, wife of one's paternal uncle
I wc
(mam, qv.) [cf. clq Ar mart ‘amm ** s|1 L^[1]].
[also: jirmam (JBl-A/Bw); [jinmam] qJ (JJ) }
(syn: amojin; jinap) [Msr/IF/JJ//JBl-A/Bw] <ap;
mam; jinxal>
jinmiri j m. (). widower, man whose wife is
dead, [syn: mere bi) [Bw/K] <bi I; jinebi>
jinmir j f. ( ;-e). wife of an emir, emir’s wife;
queen, princess: *Wext§ mir di keviya geme
mezin de hate ku§tin Heyzebun ewgend
giriya b& ko jinmir bi xwe hSstiren xwe
dimaii§tin ft li ber dile c§riy§ dida (Rnh
3:23, p.5) When the emir was killed on the banks
of the big river, Heyzebun cried so much that the
emir’s wife herself wiped away her own tears and
consoled the servant girl. [Rnh/GF/OK] <mir;
pismir>
jint’i II f (-ya; ). sister-in-law, wife of
husband’s brother, [syn: cayi; hewerjin (K[s]);
jinbir) [Czr/Wn/Hk/Bw/GF/TF/OK] cbirajin; bftri;
di§; t’i II>
jinu (K) = knee. See ejnft.
ji nu II jyj (SK) = anew. See ji nil ve.
jinubi rj&j = widow. See jinebi.
• •
jinuva (K) = anew. See ji nil ve.
ji nu ve/jinuve [OK] o3^j adv. anew, once again;
used in northern dialects to express re (e.g.,
reopen, redo, reestablish, etc.), expressed in
southern dialects with suffix -eve, qv.: *Gundek
ji nu awa kir li ma-beyna r e§ireta Baiikan
ft ’e§ireta Xo§nawan. naw§ wi gundi da-na
xaneqa (SK 45:435) He reestablished a village
between the Balik and Khoshnaw' tribes. He called
the village Khanaqa *Hinek niviskar diyar
dikin ku MHP xwe ji nil ve saz dike ft ber
bi demokratikbftne ve dige (AW69A1) Some
waiters declare that the MHP [Nationalist People's
Party] is remaking itself and becoming more
democratic; -ji nu ve kirin (JJ) to rebuy,
repurchase, [also: ji nu II (SK); jinuva (K); [ji-
nouwe] A3yj (JJ)) = Sor ser le nwe [no] j*-*
[IFb/JJ/OK//K] <disa;-eve>
jinxal JlAij f. ( ;-e). aunt, wife of maternal uncle
(xal, qv.) [cf. clq Ar mart xal JU. s[iL-.[l]]. {syn:
pilik (A/IF); xalojn) [F/K/A/IF/B] <amojin; jinap;
xal>
ji Teve ajZjj adv. first, at first: *Dibejin besteki
[sic] beran Ii-teni§t gunde wan heye. Wexte
digin e sefere ji rewe digin e-naw besta
beran, gawet xo dimiginin, p§§ pa§ digin,
paniya piye wan gehe§t e ki§k beri de
inin, bi teraziye ke§in gend der-kewt d6
sftndeki mezin ft kir@t xot ko, "Hetta bi-
qeder giraniya wi berey pare-y zer yan
ziw neinim nah§mewe M (SK 12:117) They say
that there is a stony vale next to their village.
When they go on a journey they go first of all to
the vale of stones, shut their eyes, go back and
forth and, whichever stone the heel of their foot
touches, they will bring it and weigh it in a balance
and, however much it turns out, they will swear a
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mighty and ugly oath that, "I shall not return until I
bring the weight of this stone in gold or silver."
( also: ji re we (SK)) [syn: bereda) [Zeb//SK]
ji fewe o^jj (SK) = at first. See ji reve.
jirmam pLjj (JBl-A/Bw) = aunt, wife of paternal uncle.
See jinmam.
jivan (jU'J m./f. (). rendezvous, date, appointment:
•Min ft sep£ke jivan e/Min ft sedare jivan
e (from poem by Muayyid Tayyib of Dihok) I have
a rendezvous with the gallows, / 1 have a
rendezvous with the gibbet, (also: civan
(Mdt/A/TF); jivan (IFb)} Sor juwan (jljj = 'tryst,
appointment, rendezvous' [Bw/Muayyid
Tayyib//IFb//Mdt/A/TF]
jivji L £$3j (Zeb) = hedgehog. See jftji.
jiyan Lj (Lab) = life. See jinf2].
ji zude 0 J 33 J j 1 (GF) = for a long time. See zftda.
ji I adv. 1 ) also, too: ®Agir xwe§ e, le xweli ji
j@ gedibe = Fire is good, but ashes are also
produced from it [prv.[ # Meriyed ku qe ti§tek
ji je ne lazim bftya (Ba) People who wouldn't
need anything at all; ji ... ji = both ... and:
•Ez§ dar£ cahil ji bibirim, ye pir ji (Dz) I
will cut down both young trees and old ones; 2 ) as
for; 3) even [+ subj.]: *Peren ku didane me ne
pir bin ji, disa ji ji mea§en hemft karmend
ft karkeren wan zedetir bftn (AW72B3) Even
if the money they gave us was not a lot, it was still
more than the wages of all their workers *Wele,
weki ez£ bimirim ji, ez£ xwera rabim, li
Meme t 5 ema§ekim (EP-7) By God, even if I were
dying, I'd get up to have a look at Mem; -ne ji =
nor, not even, {also: ji II (§nx/Slv/Zx); jik I (Bw);
[ji] csj' (JJ)} Cf. P mz ; Sor -]i]§ Za zi
(Todd) [F/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/JB1-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK]
ji II (IFb/GF/OK) = bowstring. See jih.
ji III m. (-ye; ). age, years of one’s life, {also:
[jii^ (JJ); <ji> (_£j (HH)1 {syn: 'emir II) [Dh/JJ/HH]
<sali>
jih jbiJ m./f.[B/OK) (). bowstring; string made from
animal guts {IFb);(violin) string, {also: jeh (GF-2); je
II (M); jih (IFb-2/GF/TF); ji II (IFb-2/GF-2/OK); jik II
(K/B/F); [jih] oj (JJ); <jih> oj (HH)) Skt jy4 /.; Av
jya-; Mid P zlh = 'bow-string' (M3); P zih oj; Sor je
fej = 'line, cord, string (of bow, musical
••
instruments, pyjamas, etc.)'
[A/IFb//])/HH//F/K/B//M//GF/TF//OK] <kevan; tir>
jiin (F/B) = to live. See jin.
jijo JJjj (A/IF/Msr) = hedgehog. See jftji.
jijok Jjjpj f. (-a; ) (Msr) = hedgehog. See jftji.
jik I «jL» j (Bw) = also. See ji I.
jik II «sLj* (K/B/F) = bowstring. See jih.
jin qjj vi. (-ji-). 1 ) to live, be alive: -Biji ... ! =
Long live ... ! Bravo!; 2 ) to dwell, reside; 3) [i! (-a;-
e)] life: -ava jine (AB) the water of life, {also:
jiyan (Lab); jiyin (JB3); jiin (F/B- 2 ); jiyan; jiyin
(K/B/TF); [jin] (JJ)) [Pok. 3. g^ei-fg^eia- 467.]
'to live’: Skt jivatu-h = 'life'; O Ir jyati/jyatu
(Schwartz) & *gay- (Tsb 43) [Pok. gBl-(u-)]: Av gay-
(pres. jiva-); OP jiv-; P zlstan - 'to live'; Sor
jiyan jlj; Hau jiway (jiw-) vi. (M4); cf. also Lat
vivo, -ere; Gr zo Rus zit’ »CHTB (zivu) (»CHBy)
[BX/A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK/M//F//K/B/TF//JB3]
jindar j l) adj. {syn: zendi) alive, living; 2 )
[m.&f ().] living creature, animal: *Hergiqas av
ji bo hemft jindaran gavkaniyeke bingehin
be ji, iro di deste mirovSn “hemdem” de
wek pergaleke ji hole rakirina berhem^n
diroke te bi kar anin (Wit 1 : 21 , p.16)
Although water is a basic resource for all living
things, today it is being used by "modern" man as
an instrument for destroying historical artifacts. =
Sor giyan*leber [(neol)Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF]
clieywan; sax>
jinenigari (IFb) = biography. See jinenigari.
jinenigari /. (-ya;-§). biography: *Digel
jinenigariya O. diroka PKK'§ ji di nava
rftpelen pirtftke de cih digire (AW75B6) In
addition to O’s biography, the history of the PKK
also occupies part of the book [lit. 'takes a place
amid the pages of the book'], j also : jinenigari (IFb)!
[AW//IFb] <serhati>
jingeh f. (-a;-e). environment: • Wi hest
dikir ev jingehe ya dibite hezeka regir
beramber viyanet wi y£t huneri ft viyana
wi bo serbestiy£ (Peyv 3[1996], 38) He felt that
this environment was getting in the way of [lit.
'becoming a preventive force'] his artistic desires
and his desire for freedom. Sor jinge
[(neol)Peyv/VoA]
jir adj. 1 ) [sjn: aqil I; aqiljir; aqilmend; aqiltij (Bw);
bi fern; bi zihn) smart, intelligent, clever (K/A/IF):
•Azad kureki jir e (AB) Azad is a smart boy; 2 )
skillful, adroit (A); 3) alive, dynamic, energetic,
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lively (B/K); 4) zealous, striving (B). f also: jirek (IF-
2); zirek (IFb-2); [jer] (JJ)} Cf. P azlr & zlrak
J= ’intelligent, clever’ {jirahi; jirayi; jiri; jirtij
[K/A/JB3/IFb] <jebati>
jirahi (K) = zeal; liveliness. See jirayi.
jirayi f. (). 1) zeal; 2) liveliness, {also: jirahi (K);
jiri (K); jirti (B-2)} [K/B] <jir>
jirek j (IF) = smart; skillful; dynamic. See jir.
jiri (K) = zeal; liveliness. See jirayi.
m m
jirki C5 fpj prep, since (time) : -jirki ko... (BX) ever
••
since. 1 syn: ewev; jell I; ji ... u vir de) [BX/K]
jirti j j (B) = zeal; liveliness. See jirayi.
jivan jUjJ - (IFb) = rendezvous. See jivan.
jiyin (K/B/TF) = to live. See jin.
jmar jLj (IF) = number; issue (of a journal ). See
hejmar.
jmartin ^jLj = to count. See hejmartin.
joji (IF) = hedgehog. See juji.
jor f. ( ;-e). 1) upper part, top (K/B/JJ); 2) [adv.]
(svn.'bala; hevraz [2]; ^jer; ^xwar) up, upward,
upstairs; above, over: •Dewle ze’f girane, ew
ancax-ancax dik’i§ine jore (Ba) The bucket is
very heavy, he can scarcely pull it up; -[ji] jor
de/jorda = from above, downward: »Ji jor de
hate xwar (BX) He went down, descended [lit.
’from up he went down’] »Ser singe Dumanlue
cicina xulexula cewiked ave bu, ed ku
minani mara jorda di§ulikin (Ba2:l, p.202)
On the slope of [Mount] Dumanlu here and there
was the babbling of brooks (of water), those which
crept from above like snakes *Zina Bek’ir
jorda ‘erd£ k’et (EP-7) Z.B. fell down [lit. ’fell to
earth from above’]; -berbijor/serbijor = up,
upward; 3) inside, in (Bw/Zeb/M-Ak): »De
rabe, here jor, bo xo lariya digel bike
(M-Ak #671, p.302) Get up and go inside and
play with her. {also: [jori (S j 3 j/joTm qusj] (JJ);
<jor> jjj (HH)) <0 Ir *haca = ’from 1 + *upari =
’below’: Mid P azabar = ’above 1 (M3); Sgd cwpr
[cupar]; P zabr ^>j; Sot jur = ’upper part,
top, inside, room’; Za cor = ’up[ward]’ (Todd);
Hau guer = 'inside' (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/0K//JJ]
jordani m. (-ye; ). downhill slope, incline,
descent: »Cu jibeli be jordani nine (Bw)
What goes up must come down; Every cloud
has a silver lining [lit. 'there is no uphill slope
without a downhill slope'] [prv.]. {syn: ni§iv)
[Bw/Hk] cberwar; ^jiheli>
jorin (yusj adj. upper, highest; superior: # Li rewqa
jorin (EP-7) In the upper pavilion.
[EP-7/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK] cjerin; jor>
juni (IFb) = knee. See ejnu.
« p
juji m.Zf.(Msr) (-ye/ ; ). hedgehog, zool.
Erinaceus europaeus : -jujuye berezi (F)
porcupine, zool. Hystricldae. {also: jijo (A/IF-2);
jivji (Zeb); jiju (B); jijo (A/IF-2/Msr); jijok f. (-a;)
(Msr-2); joji (IF-2); juju (F/K); ju§ik (K[s]);
[jouji/jevji] (S ) 3 j (JJ)} Cf. P zuz jjj/zuze o^j; Sor
ji§ik eHoJ/jiji ^j/jiju^j/jujik 4lasj/juji
^^j/juju^^j/ju^ik Za dije m. (Todd)
[AB/IF/JJ//F/K//A/Msr//B//Zeb]
jhju^j (F/K) = hedgehog. See jtiji.
jur jsEj (Haz/HH/GF) = unripe grapes. See cHr I.
ju§ik (K[s]) = hedgehog. See jtiji.
ka I IT f. (-ya;-[y]e). straw (grain): *Afir tiji ka ye
(AB) The trough is full of straw *Di destpeke de
min ew bi ceh H kaye xwedi dikir (HYma,
11) At first I fed him barley and straw; -ava bin
ka6 (XF/Dz) insidious, crafty, sly, cunning;
untrustworthy, unreliable [lit. c the water under the
straw’], {also: kah (F); [ka lS7 kah o\S] (JJ); <ka> IT
(HH)} Cf. P kah .IT; Sor ka IT[AB/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/
HH/Msr//F] <kadin>
k’a II IT intrg. 1) (syn: k’u II; k’u dere] where? used
particularly when one does not see something that
one expected to see (Cf. T hani): •Sere sale,
bine sale/ Xwede bihele/ Xorte male/ Ka
ge§ta ve male (Ah) The start of the year, the end
of the year/ May God protect/ The young man of
the house/ Where are the alms of this house? [A
chant recited by children going from house to
house on New Year’s, similar to our “Trick or
treat”]; 2) (syn: be II (L); gika (J/Z); qe (Z))
introduces indirect questions; Let's see: *Binere
ka § were an na (Msr) See if he’s coming or not
•Kuro, ca herin binherin k’a gira Meme
Iro derengi k’et? (EP-7) Boys, go see why Mem
is late today, [also: [kani] ^ITQJ); <ka IT/ kane
(HH)) Cf. T hani [EP-7/K/A/B//JJ/HH] See also
k’ani II.
kab I (GF) = knucklebone. See k’ap II.
k’ab II V IT (A) = knee. See kabok.
k’abira )^lT(K[s]) = fellow, person. See k’abra.
kabok JjplT f. (-a; ). knee: *Pa wext§ dawisand,
qerpe qerpe wi, weke yek ra[he]je dareki
hi§k ti bide kaboka xwe ft bi§k£ne, hewqa
deng j§ hat (HR-I 2:79) And when he pressed on
it [=broken arm], it made a cracking sound, like
when you pick up a dry twig and break it on your
knee, such a sound did it make, [also: k’ab II (A);
[kabe] JJ)] [syn: gok; ejnu) cf. Ar ka‘b =
'heel' [HR-I/GF/TF/RZ//JJ//A]
k’abra )f m. ( ;-y). man, fellow, chap; person:
•Mari gi kir, ra bo ser kilka xo, go bereka
kabray (M-Ak, #545) What did the snake do but
raise itself up on its tail and go in front of the
fellow, {also: k’abira (K[s])| {syn: insan; meriv) Sor
kabra )'person, fellow (known but not
named) 1 [M-Ak/Bw/IFb/OK//K(s)]
kac ^ir f. (-a; ). 1) pine tree, bot. Pinus (of the family
Pinaceae) (K[s]/IF[s]); 2) {syn: daruk (F)} spruce or
fir tree (F): -dara kac (F) spruce or fir tree, {also:
kaj (K[s]/IF[s]-2); qac (IFb); qaj (IFb-2)} Sor kac
/kaj jL7qac /qaj jb [F//IFb//K(s)] <dar I; k’aj'uk
(JBl-A)>
kagkagk f. ( ;-e). dried (and sliced) fruit:
• Weki kagkagke lehati (Bw) He’s old and
shriveled (i.e., like a piece of dried fruit). [Bw] <gir;
kitik I>
kadan jIT (K) = hayloft. See kadin.
k 5 ad*e/kade [A] ojI f f.(Bw)/m.(K/B/OK) ( # a/ ; ).
pastry filled with crushed walnuts (guz). {also:
k’ate (K/B); [kade ojlT/kadik (JJ); <kadeh> ojIT
(HH)) Cf. Arm kat c a[y] ijuip’iuj ; Geo k £ ada jogoo;
cf. also Fr gateau [Bw/A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK/CB//
K/B//HH] <kulog’; sode I>
kadiz (). 1) straw thief; 2) the Milky Way: -
Riya Kadiz (K/B)/Riya Kadizan (JJ/GF/OK) do.:
• Gelo bere ji ezmane welet bi ewgend
sterik bfi? ... Min gaven xwe li riya Kadize
gerand [sic], min ew ji dit (KS, p.48) Did the
heavens above [my] homeland have so many stars
in the past? ... I sought out the Milky Way with
my eyes, and I found it too. {also: [re-a kadizan]
qIjjITLj (JJ); <kadiz> jjIT(HH))
[KS/K/A/IFh/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK] <ster>
kadi (RZ) = smoke. See kadu.
kadin qjA T /. (-a;-e). hayloft; barn, granary: *Belki
ar keti be kadina wane (LT-Mi§o) Perhaps fire
has broken out in their hayloft *Fira miri§ke
heta kadin§ ye (RN2, 51 [1998], p.27) The
flight of a chicken is [only] as far as the hayloft
[prv.]. {also: kadan (K); [kadin] ^jjIT(JJ); <kadin>
^jIT(HH)) Cf. P kahdan j^IT [AB/A/JB3/IF/
B/JJ/HH//K] < c embar; ka I; pange>
kadu f f. (-ya; ). (cigarette) smoke, {also: kadi
(RZ-2)) {syn: du IV; duk’el) [Zeb/K(s)/OK/RZ]
kafkulilk ALSUS' (Qtr-E) = mushroom. See kufkarik.
k’af-k’uf olT(K) = disorder; ruin. See k’af-k’iin.
k’af-k’fin olT f. (). 1) {syn: geremol; k’eft u left)
disorder, chaos: • Ci dinyake k’af-k’-fine (EP-7)
What a chaotic world; 2) destruction, ravage, ruin.
{also: k’af-k’uf (K); k’af u k’uf; k’af u k’un) [EP-7/K]
k’af u k’uf olT = disorder; ruin. See k’af-k’Hn.
294
K
k’af u k’un 3 olS" = disorder; ruin. See k’af-k’un.
kah aIT (F/JJ) = straw. See ka I.
kaj jlT(K[s]/IF[s]) = pine tree. See kac.
kajeri f. (Zeb) = jaw muscle. See karej.
k’ajflk (). pine branch. [JBl-A] <kac>
kak -Jlf (K/IF) = older brother. See kek.
kakil J S\f m./f.(B) (-e/ ; /-e). 1) kernel, core;
nucleus (K/JJ/F); nut meat, ’meat' contained within
nutshell (Tkm/IF/JJ/JBl-S/F); core of walnut or
almond (A); -kakile guze (Tkm/K/F/B) nut meat;
2) snack or hors d'oeuvres consisting of
[pistachio, walnut, almond, etc.] nut meats (IF).
{also: [kakil] c j5XS^(JJ); <kakil> J5IT(HH)( Sor kakil
Y
J5lf; cf. also Geo k c ak c ali = ’walnut’
[Tkm/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF] <guz>
kal I JITad/. 1) ( syn: ixtiyar; kokini (3]; pir; *xort)
old (of persons) : -kal bhn (B) to grow old; -kal
kirin (B) to make old; -kal bav (B) ancestors;
2) [m.J {syn: ixtiyar; kalik I; kokim [1]) old man:
•Kal£ [sic] j§ dipirse, dive ... (Dz) The old
man asks him, says ... *Reva rasti kaleki t§
(Dz) On the way he comes across an old man. ([kal]
JIT (JJ); <kal> JIT (HH)) cf. Ar kahl ’middle-
aged, man of mature age’ (kali; kaliti; kalti I)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <kevn>
k’al II Jl fad}, unripe, green (ofmelons) . {also: [kal]
JIT (JJ)} [syn: xam; xang III (k’alti II)
[K/A/JJ/B/GF/TF] <talik>
k’al III JITm. (). 1) {syn: §ifti; zebe§) watermelon; 2)
melon (B). {also: k’alik III (A); [kalak] JJIT(JJ) j
[K/B//JJ//A]
kalan ^1f m. (-e; kalen [EP-7]). (sword) sheath,
scabbard: *§ilfa dar gedike dike kalan§ §hr
(Z-922) He makes the wooden sword blade and
puts [it] in the sword sheath; -kavlan§ xencere
(Bw) dagger sheath, {also: kal wan (SK): kavlan
(Bw); <kalan> jTl^(HH)) (syn: qab I) M. Schwartz:
< O Ir *karta-dana -> kartdan --> kardan (not
ancient -rd- -> -1-) --> kalan; Sor kalan jWkelan
Za kaleni f. (Mai); Hau kelane f. (M4)
[Z-922/K/A/IFb/HH/OK//SK//Bw] <qebd; §ur>
kalik I JJlT/n. (-§; kelik, vi kaliki). 1) {syn:
lxtiyar) {also: kal I[2]) old man; 2) (syn: bapir)
grandfather (Tkm/Wn/JJ): -kalik ft plrik (B)
grandparents; ancestors; 3) great-grandfather (Msr);
4) forefather, ancestor (IF), {also: [kalik] dJb"(JJ);
<kalik> JJIT(HH)} [F/K/A/IF/JJ/B/HH/Rh] <bapir;
dapir>
k’al*ik II JUlf f. (*ka; ). peasant shoe or sandal
made of leather, {also: [kalek (G)/kalik (Rh)] JJ\f
(JJ); <kalik> JJIT(HH)) Sor kale <JlT= ’shoe of soft
leather laced over instep’; cf. Lat caliga = ’soldier’s
leather shoes’. See T.F. Aristova. Material'naia
kul'tura Kurdov XlX-pervoi poloviny XX v.
(Moskva : Nauka, 1990), photos #42, 46, 47
(following p. 128), & drawing p. 140.
[Bw/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/TF] <p’elav; re§ik II; sol>
k’alik III JJ\f (A) = watermelon. See k’al III.
kali S'f. [ ;-ye). old age; being or growing old.
{also: kaliti (K); kalti I (B)} [K//B] <kal I>
k’alin vi. (-k’al-). to bleat (sheep) : »Mi ft berxa
k’aliya bun (Z-2) The sheep and lambs had
bleated *Xece, tu bi we k’eser§ ku pe
dik’ali u dinali, niha nezike, ne dtire (IS-
#271) Khej, you and your grieving! The one you
are ’pissing and moaning’ about is nearby, he is not
far off. | also: [kalin kaliian (JJ)) {syn:
mikin) [AB/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ] cbarin II; bizin; mi I>
kaliti = old age. See kali,
kalti I fjd IT(B) = old age. See kali,
k’alti II ^yJlT/. (). immaturity, unripeness (of fruits) .
[A] ck’al II>
kalfime f m.&f. / according to the accompanying
noun} ( ). 1) (syn: kevlu [3]) old, rusty sword,
knife, axe, etc.: •kalhmeke dasan = old, rusty
sickle [das, f.] •kalhmeke k’eran = old, rusty
knife [k’er III, f.] •kalumeki biviran = old,
rusty axe [bivir, m.] • kalftmeki §ftran = old,
rusty sword [§Hr I, m.] *Ma tu nizani delila ji
hemi delilan qahimtir kalume ye? Her
kesS kalfime heye, mulk bo wi ye ... Ew
delilet §er’ ft qanftnan hemi pir-ft-pftg in,
be-fayde ne. Ew hingi bi kar ten ku
kalftme nebit. Wexte kalftme hebit delflftt
di hemi duro ne ft hig in (SK 43:418) Why,
do you not know that the sword is a stronger proof
than any other? Whoever has the sword, possession
is for him ... Those proofs of the religious and civil
law are all rubbish and quite useless. They are only
of any use when there is no sword. When there is a
sword all other proofs are lies and void; 2) [m.]
sheathed sword (Qzl); 3) old, senile, feeble (of
people): • kalflmeke jinan = old, feeble woman
295
K
• kaliimeki meran = old, senile man. [also:
[kalma/kalme] *JIT(JJ) ; <kalume> ^^JlTtHH);
<kalume> (Hej)) For another example of
special words for old things see §ekal .
[SK/A/IFb/HH/GF/Hej//JJ] cbivir; das; k’er III; §ur
I>
kalvej Q. girl or young ewe who is sexually
active before the proper time. [Qzl]
kalv§ji (). being sexually active before the
mm
proper time (of sheep or women)’, precociousness,
precocity: *Ne min bi berxi ter §ir xwar, fi.
ne bi kalvdji t£r kir xwar (Qzl) I neither
drank my fill of milk as a lamb, nor had my fill of
penis as .an all-too-young ewe [proverbial
expression], [also: kavijki (FJ); kavi§ki (GF);
kawe§ki (Trg)| [Qzl//FJ//GF//Trg]
kalwan j)jJlT(SK) = sheath. See kalan.
kam I plT f. ( (wooden) threshing sledge (with
flint blades set in the bottom) [T doven]: # Du
seriye / Key§t ling / ser dare / bini kevire
/ ew giye? [kam] variant: Ser dar, bin
kevir / se serf, deh ling / ew giye? [kam]
(Z-1805) It’s two heads, eight legs / wood on top /
stone on bottom / what is it? [rdl: ans.: threshing
sledge] variant: Top wood, bottom stone / three
heads, ten legs / what is it? [threshing sledge], [also:
gam (IFb-2/OK); [kam] plf (JJ); <gam> plf (Hej)) For
picture , see Kmc-16, "Alaven gandiniye"-G [p. 4]
[Z-1805/Kmc-16/K/A/IFb/B/JJ//OK/Hej] <cencer>
kam II f lT£ (). disease of horses and donkeys: blood
blisters appear in animal's mouth , and it won't
graze or drink water, [also: <kam> (Hej)) Sor
kam p.LT(Hej) [Elk/K(s)/Hej] ctebeq I>
kama§/k’ama§ [A] jiLlT f. (-a;-e). low-quality
tobacco which is picked while green : -toltina
kama§ (Qzl/Wn) do. [also: <kama§> <jiLl5"(HH))
[Qzl/Xrz/Wn/A/IFb/HH/GF/FJ) <t’itun>
k’ambax ad/. 1) [syn: xirab) in ruins, ruined,
destroyed, razed to the ground; in bad condition: -
Mala te k’ambax be (B) May your house be
destroyed [curse] •Pi§ti ku gete di doza xwe
ya 'tolhildanS' de bi ser bikevin, de rew§
ji iro geleki kambaxtir bibe (AW73D3) After
the gangs succeed in their cause for "revenge," the
situation will be much worse than it is today; 2) [f.]
ruins (K). { also: <kembax> £L*f(HH)}
[FK-1/K/A/IF/B//HH)
kan jlT /. (-a; ). 1) [syn: g’avkani; jeder) source,
origin: *Dibistan kana zanin£ ye (AB) School
is the source of knowledge; 2) (mineral) mine
(JB3/JJ/IF). [also: [kan] ^ITQJ)} Cf. P kan c jlT=
'mine, quarry’ [AB/K(s)/JB3/IF/JJ] See also kani I.
k’ane £jlT(B/IF) = Come on!; where? See k’a II &
k’ani II.
kani I f. (-ya;-y£). l) [syn: g’avkani; selef; sere
ave) spring, source, origin: «Kegik gu ser
kaniye (AB) The girl went to the spring *Roke
k 5 ete pe§ya bizine xwe, bir ser kany£
avde (Dz) One day he led his goats to a spring to
water them; 2) fountain: «Belediya Agiri, beri
demeke gend kaniyan dide gekirin (Wit
1:37, p.3) A while ago, the city of Agn had some
fountains huilt. {aiso: kaning; kehni (HR-I); [kani]
(JJ); <kani /kehni (HH)} Cf. Skt khan-
[khanl] f. ; Av xan- [xa] f = 'well, fountain'; P xanl
= ’fountain’ & kandan = ’to dig’; Sor kani
^Itfkani-w-awjlS ^ ^l^kaniyaw= ’spring’;
Hau hane m. (M4) [f7k/a/jb3/if/jj/b/hh/gf//HR-ii See
also kan.
k’ani II f inter]. 1) Come on!: «Kani dest£ xwe
bidin min (L) Come on, give me your hands!
•Kani, eme B. di bine ve bire bihdlin (L)
Come on, let's leave B. at the hottom of this well;
2) well?!; 3) Let's see!; 4) where?: •Biraye mino
kani xortaniya te? (KS, p.9) My brother, what
happened to your youth? [also: k’ane (B/IF); k’a II
(L/A); [kani] ^If (JJ)) Sor kwane
[L/K/JJ//B/IF//A] '
kaning c-CgpLT= spring, fountain. See kani I.
K’anun f f. (-a;-e). name of two winter months:
1) December: -K’anfina p£§in (K)/~ pe§i
(OK)/ewil/[kanoun beri ^ ^Ly-evel J^l]
(JJ)/[kanuna awell] (BG) December (syn;£ileya
pe§in): *[K’amine li K’antind, berf tete ji
ezmane [j’ouzmane), qira ’ebd ft insan£] (BG)
In December and January, snow falls from the sky,
the ruin of all humanity [proverbial saying]’,
corresponds to last part of Agirdan
q) j^b/Sermawez jo^Lj^ (P azer jj)) [Sagittarius)#
Y
1st part o/Sehoibendan JjA^/Befranbar
jLq)Jc o (P dey [Capricorn]; 2) January:
-K’anftna pa§in (K)/[kanoun pachi c j 3 jLsV“
296
K
sani ^\$] (JJ)/[kanuna pachy] (BG) January ( syn:
£ileya pa§in} corresponds to last part of
Y
Seholbendan q) jJaj Jjpb<u,/Befranbar jbjl joo [P
dey ^j) [Capricorn]# 1st part o/Nawzistan
^L^b/Rebendan (P bahman q*#)
♦ ♦
[Aquarius]. <Syr konun --> Ar kanun (al-
awwal & al-tani)
[Zx/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK] c^ile I; £iri>
kap I v l f m. (-e; ). rope: »Ev kape qirka min te
ditiye? (J) Have you seen the rope for my neck?
[lit. 'this rope of my neck'] »Ser§ xwe ber kapra
derbazke (J) Pass your head through the rope['s
loop], [syn: k’indir [2]: qirnap; weris) [J/K/IFb]
<kapik>
k’ap II IT f. (-a;-e). knucklebone, anklebone;
metacarpal or metatarsal bone of a sheep used in
games and divination : -k’apa listine (F) do. [also:
kab I (GF); kaw; [kap] *_**T(JJ); <kap> V IT[HH)] Cf.
Ar ka‘b = 'ankle(bone), heel'
[F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH//GF] <cug; gik; git; deq II; diz II;
doq; guhki§ink; ker IV; mir II; pik; soli II; zar III>
kapek JiAf f/m.(B) (). kopeck (USSR) . [Z-922/K/B]
cmanat; §evi>
kapik ciLlT (). 1) diminutive of kap I = rope; piece of
rope (HH); 2) foot ropes for binding animals (A);
binding a horse's legs with a stake while pasturing
(IFb). (also: kapok (IFb); <kapik> «JjIT(HH))
[HB/A/HFl/GF//IFb] <§erit; weris>
kapok (IFb) = type of rope. See kapik.
kar I jiff. (-a;-e). kid, goat's young: *Se kara tine
(J) She brings forth (=gives birth to) three kids; -
kare xezala[n] (K)/kara xezal (B) fawn, young
of deer, [also: kehr (GF-2/M-Zx); [kar jl57karik
JjU ] (JJ); <karik> |J/WK/A/JB3/!KI>/JJ/B/
SK/GF//HMI cbizin: gisk; neri I>
k’ar II j[f m./f.(B) (-e/-a; /-e). affair, business
(JB3/B) {(JB3): [nn] = action, work, job; [f.] = profit,
benefit, business); -k’ar bftn = to be prepared, get
ready: »Gereke tu mera k’arbi (EP-7) You must
be ready for us (=to come with us); -k’are fk-e
[ji] bk-6 , bt-f nek’etiye (XF): a) for stg. to have
nothing to do with stg. else; b) s.o. need not worry
or concern o.s. with stg.: •K’are te ji Osiv
nek’etiye (Ba3-1) Don’t worry about Joseph
•K’ar£ te wi ne k’etiye (XF) Don’t have
anything to do with him; -k’ar kirin (IFb) to work
[syn: §ixulin; xebitin); -k’ar§ xwe kirin/xwe
k’ar kirin (K) to prepare o.s., get ready for:
•Hakim rabft, qiza xwe kar kir ft rihel ft
cihaz£ w§ gekir (L) The king got up, prepared
his daughter, got her dress clothes and trousseau
together *Min xwe kar kir (JB3) I am ready [lit.
r I have made myself ready’]; -k’ara zivistan£
kirin (JB3) to get ready for winter, to get in
supplies, [also: [kar] jb"(JJ); <kar> j(T(HH)) Cf. P kar
jlT [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/SK/GF/TF]
karan mallet, sledgehammer. See geran II.
k’arbidest m.(often pi.) Q. official, civil
servant, [syn: rayedar) Sor karbedes
[Voa/K(s)/IFb/GF]
kargik I«d^jlT(JB3/IFb/GF/OK/Msr/Czr) = pear. See
kargin.
kargin (K) = pear. See kargin.
kargin f (-a; ). type of pear; wild pear (JJ); a
small, round wild pear that grows in deserts and
arid places (Msr); in §nx this is the simple word for
pear [=herme[ [also: kargik (Msr/JB3/IFb-
2/GF/OK); kargin (K); [kartchin ^v^jl^kakhtchin
(JJ); <kargin> gwo-jlT(HH)| [syn: herme]
[A/IFb/JJ/HH//JB 3/GF/OK/Msr/Czr//K] <alisork;
hezirani; kirosik; §ekok; §itu>
kardi ^jjlTtQzl) = arum. See kari II.
# •
k’arec ( ;-e). wooden pitchfork, [also: k’arej II
(B/GF); <karec> ^jir(HH)) [syn: mileb; tebur)
[IFb/HH//B/GF] ^
karej I jjjlTm. Q. jaw muscle, [also: kajeri, f. (Zeb);
<kajer^jltfkarSj(Hej)) [Zeb//IFb/OK/Hej]
<gene; geng II; lame>
k’arej II jjjlT(B/GF) = pitchfork. See k’arec.
karet oojlT f ( ;-e). carriage, coach. < Rus kareta
[EP-7]
k’arez jjj(57k’arez j^jlT [B] f ( ;-£). 1) [syn: serdab;
tun] subterranean canal (K/IF); ditch for bringing
subterranean water to the surface (B); ’kahreez’ "a
subterraneous channel for conducting a spring
from the hills to the cultivation in the plain; with
shafts or wells sunk at intervals, which mark its
line" [C.J. Rich. Narrative of a Residence in
Koordistan (London: James Duncan, 1836), vol. 1,
p. 36]: •Hime kele himkirin, / Bin kelftfa
karez birin (EP-8) They made the foundations of
the fortress,/Under the fortress they put in [lit.
'took'] subterranean canals *P 5 ala k’arez an!
bftn nav kel£ (EP-8) The workers had put in [lit.
297
K
’brought'] subterranean canals beneath the fortress;
2) water conduit (K); 3) cold land, mountain
pasture (used in the summer) (HH); 4) (syn; kani 1}
spring of water (HH). {also: <karez> yjjlT(HH)| < P
karlz yjjlf* = ‘subterranean canal, sewer'; Sor karez
jjjlf [EP-8/K/IFb/B/HH/TF/Rich] csolin I>
karik JjlT m . (). 1) dim. of kar I; 2) Capricorn
(astr.). {also: kehrik (Bw/TF))
[Bw/TF//Wlt/Ro/IFb/OK]
karin QjiTfF/K/B/M) = to be able. See karin.
kar! I f. (-ya;-y6). mushroom (F/K/JJ/Wn).
[also: karok (Wn); [kari] ^ITOJ)} (syn: gidark (Prw);
karkevik (M§-Malazgirt); kiyark (Bt)/kivark (Prw);
kufkarik; k’umik (A)| Sor karg ^f,l57qargik ek.jls =
’mushroom. See: Georg Morgenstierne.
“‘Mushroom’ and Toadstool’ in Indo-Iranian,”
BSOAS, 20 (1957), 451-57, reprinted in: Irano-
Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.
1973), pp.17-23. [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF//Wn/Bt]
kar! II f. (-ya; ). dragon arum, cuckoopint, bot.
••
Arum maculatum [T dana ayagi] (A/IF/Bt); arum,
edible plant similar to calla lily (Bw): -kari gugik
(Zeb) a tiny variety of arum\ -kari kel (Zeb) a
large variety of arum, {also: kardi (Qzl)} Sor kari
IT = ’black arum lily, cuckoo-pint' & kardu^jjlf
= ’dock' [Bw/A/IFb/OK/AA/Zeb//Qzl]
karin/k’arin [JBl-S] vt. (-kar-/-k’ar-[JBl-S]/
-kan-[K-2/Bg]/-ka-[Ad]; pres . [dijkarim; subj. &
past tenses formed with karibftn: neg. nikarim;
subj. bikaribim; past min karibfl). 1) [+ subj.]
{syn: pegebun; §iyan| to be able to, can: »Go ne
ew be, kes nikare (L) If he can’t, no one can
• L§ eva gil!-gotin§ Al-p’a§a giregira,
heval u hogira dile Memeyi eviniye
nikarbtln vegerandana (Z-l) But the things that
A.p. and his councellors, and all his friends said
couldn’t turn Mem's heart back from love *Tu
nikari = You can’t »Vira zinar§ usa mezin
hebfin, ku weke panzdeh-b!st soyara
dikaribu pi§ wana ve§arta (Ba2) Here there
were such great boulders that fifteen or twenty
bandits could hide behind them; 2) to be strong
enough for, to be able to withstand or bear; to be a
match for, be able to beat: »Gur dike-nake
bizina ktiv! nikare (J) No matter what the wolf
does, he’s no match for the wild goat, j also: karin
(F/K/B/M); qarin (M-Sheikhan); [karin
QjjlT/kaniyan (jlplT] (JJ); <karin (dikari)
C c9 j15j)> (HH)} Cf. W Arm garenal IjiuptliiuL = ’to
be able' & E Arm karof tpupnq = 'able'
[A/JB3//F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH//JB1-S]
karite <cqjlT(Bw)/k’arite (K[s]) = wooden beams. See
garite.
k’arker j^LTm. (). 1) {syn: xebatkar} worker,
workman, toiler, proletarian: •PerSn ku didane
me ne pir bin ji, disa ji ji mea§en hemu
karmend ft karkeren wan zedetir bftn
(AW72B3) Even if they didn't pay us much, it was
still more than the salaries of all the other
employees and workers; 2) employee (JB3). {also:
karkir (Haz)} Ikarkeri (IF)} |K/A/JD3/lFb/CF/TF/Haz]
<p’ale>
k’arker! f. 0. being a worker. [IFb/GF/TF]
karkevik JLJaCITQ. mushroom jsyn: gidark (Prw);
kari I; kiyark (Bt)/kivark (Prw); kufkarik; k’umik
(A)} [M$-Malazgirt]
karkin! pf ( ). trouble, grief: »Kurd ji wi
demi heyani evro ji dilsoj§t v! oli u ayini
bftne, we dilsojiy§ gelek cara karkin!
!nayne ser& wan (Hok, p.90 [Hok2 p.66]) From
tbat time until today the Kurds have been devotees
of this religion, and this devotion has often brought
them trouble, jsyn: cezaret} [Zeb/Hok]
karkir J'jlf (Haz) = worker. See k’arker.
karmend ( ). employee: *Di nava
kes£n girt! de' lierwiya gelek karmendSn
dewlete ji hene (CTV43) Among the people
arrested there were also many government
employees. [(neol)CTV/IFb/TF/OK]
karo jjlT ( ). diamonds (suit of playing cards), {syn:
dinar} <Fr carreau —> T karo [Wn/IFb]
karok -JjjlT (Wn) = mushroom. See kar! I.
k’artik Jj jlT f (). file (tool), rasp, [also: kartix (IFb-
2/OK-2); <kartik> <-Ljjlf(HH)} [syn: ege; *qewre
(A/IF)} [A/IFb/OK//HH] chesftn; rendin; sutin>
kartix IT(IFb/OK) = file (tool). See k’artik.
kartol Jjp'jlT f. ( potato: -ftxniya kartola (Msr)
potato puree, mashed potatoes, [also: kertol
(JB3/IFb-2/TF)} jsyn; bin'erdk [2]} < Germ Kartoffel
—> Rus kartofeF KapTo$eAt — > K; —> T kartol
[Giimu§hane; Kagizman, Posof, Qildir-Kars;
Kurtelek, Cimin, Ha§ha§i-Erzincan; Dogubeyazit-
298
Agn; Van; Bitlis; Varto-Mu§; Malatya; etc.] &
[Sarikami§-Kars] = ’potato’ [patates] (DS, v. 8, p.
2671; v. 12, p. 4536) & i:artol (Gemalmaz, v. 3, p.
192) [Msr/F/K/A/IFb/B/GF//JB3/TF]
k’ar u bar jb j jlT(JBl-A)/karubar (OK) = preparations;
matters. See k’ar ft bar.
k’ar ft bar jb j ^ls7k’arftbar m. (-e; ). l)
preparations: -karftbare §er! (IFb/OK) war
preparations, war tactics; -k’ar ft bar ditin/~
kirin (B) to make all sorts of preparations; 2)
affairs, matters (K[s]/IFb/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK): •PIra
diya min Xame sibehe zft radibft ft geleken
xwe, bizinen xwe didotin ft §ire xwe
dikeland, kar ft baren male yen ditir
dikirin (Alkan, 70) My old mother Khameh
would get up early in the morning, milk her cows
and goats, and boil her milk, [and] she would tend
to other household matters. ( also: k’ar u bar (JB1-
A); karubar (OK); <karbar> jbjlf(HH)} Sor kar-u-
har jlj jlT = ’affairs’ [Voa/K/A/IFb/B/GF//JBl-A/
OK//HH]
k’arvan [K]/karvan [A/IFb/OK] in. (-e;
k’erwen [B]). caravan, convoy which moves
merchandise for business purposes, cf. Tevend,
nomadic migration : *ttetta em bi karwane
keran digine Ormiye yan Mftsile ft tenewe
pi§ka pitir ji keret me di bin bari da seket
dibin (SK 19:176) By the time we go to Urmiya
and Mosul with a donkey caravan and return the
greater part of our donkeys die under the loads.
[also: karwan (JB3/IFb-2/SK/GF/TF/OK-2)/k’arwan
(JBl-S); kervan (F); k’erwan (B); kewran; [karvan
^IjjlT/kavran jljjlSl (JJ); <karwan> jljjtf (HH)] \syn:
bazirgan [2]) Cf. P karvan jljjlT—> T kervan
[K//A/IFb/JJ/OK//JBU/llll/SK/GF/TF//JBl-S//F//Bl
<bazirganba§i; revend>
karvankuj (A/RF) = Venus. See karwankuj.
karwan (JB3/IFb/SK/GF/TF/OK)/k’arwan (JBl-S)
= caravan. See k’arvan.
karwankuj f. (). the morning star, Venus.
( also: karvankuj (A/RF); <karwankuj>
(Hej)) Sor karwankuj
[Zeb/IFb/GF/OK/Hej//A/RF] <Qurix>
*karwanvani (). caravaneer, caravan
leader. [syn: bazirganba§i)
k’asik JLlf/. (-a;-§). cup, drinking bowl: *Pa§a
kasikeki [sic] gini bo aw-xarinewa xo
hebft, gelek gak bft. Li meclise Kazir kir.
Hemi xulamet xo gazi kirin. ... Got e
xulaman, "Hez dikem yek ji hingo w£
kasike bi§kinit." Hemiyan gotin [sic],
"{Estexfiru-llah,) ji me zede ye em kasika
pa§a bi§kinin" (SK 22:198) The Pasha had a
very fine china cup from which to drink water. He
brought it to the assembly and summoned all his
henchmen. ... He said to the henchmen, ”1 want
one of you to break this cup.” They all said, ”God
forbid! It is beyond us to break the Pasha’s cup."
[also: [kasik JLlf /kase *JT] (JJ); <kasik> JJS’
(HH)| { syn: fine an; t’asj Cf. Ar ka's ^ If = 'cup,
drinking glass’; Sor kase = ’bowl'. According to
HH. the kasik is used by the poor.
[A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <peyale>
kastekast f. ( ;-e). barking (of dogs) ;
prolonged howling, wailing (of dogs) (B): -
kastekast kirin (B) to bark, howl, wail, yelp.
(svn:bile-bil (F); gele-gel (F); gewte-gewt (F); ‘ewte-
c ewt; kute-kut (F); reyin) [Ba/K/B] <reyin>
k’a§ I jilT/. (-a;-e). 1) (person's) weight: *Dibine
k’a§a zera ji ya Osib girantire (Ba) He sees
tbat the weight of the gold is more [lit. ’heavier']
than [that of] Joseph • Qimete wi tuye
beranberi k’a§a wi zera baveji mezind (Ba)
[To reckon] his worth, you will put gold coins on
the scale according to his weight; 2) (syn: bar 1}
burden, load: -k’a§ kirin (K/IFb/HH/GF/OK) to
drag, pull: •Dtire ji bi alikariya gundiyan,
me bave te ka§i male kir (Ardu, p.117) After
that, with the help of some villagers, we dragged
your father home •Segmandn qesire b@ji ft
peyayen wi tev de ku§ti bftn ft cendekS
mire b§ji ka§ kiri bftn [sic] heta ber deriy§
qesire (Rnh 3:23, p.7) The palace guards killed
the bastard together with his men, and dragged the
corpse of the bastard emir up to the gates of the
palace, [also: k’e§ II (F)( |Ba/K/fFb/B/HH/OK//F]
<k’i§andin>
k’a§ II Jitf/. (). 1) slope (of hill) ; angle (JJ); steep
slope (JJ); side (of mountain) (A/IF): •Rovi ji ser
teht daket ft li du se ka§an qulipi (SW) The
fox got down from the steep precipice and crossed
two or three slopes; 2) >*mountain road, caravan
route through the mountains (K); 3) >*hollow,
depression (geog.)\ ravine, gully (K). [also: [kach]
>
299
K
JilT(JJ); <ka§> Jilf (HH)} [SW/K/A/IF/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
cberwar; jiheli; ni§iv>
k’a§holo j^j^lT(EP-7) = game resembling polo. See
k’a§o.
k 5 a§o Tm. (). 1) a Kurdish game that resembles
polo or pall-mall, i.e., a game in which a wooden
ball is driven with a mallet; 2) mallet used in the
game of Kasho (K/IF). {also: k’a§holo- (EP-7);
[kachou]^jilTQJ)) [EP-7//K/A/IF//JJ] ccerid; gog;
hoi I>
ka§ul J^lT(IFb) = melon rinds. See qa§il.
kat I IT: -kat kirin: a) to tell, recount (Lab): »Le
dive ez je re kat bikim—hemu ti§ten ku ez
dizanim (Lab, 9) I must tell to her-everything that
I know; b) { syn : gel kirin} to mention (F). Hesene
Mete (author of Lab) took kat kirin from the
Kurds of Konya to fill a gap in the vocabulary: a
word for 'to tell, recount ' [T anlatmak]
[Lab/MUm/RZ/RF]
kat II olT f (-a;-e). a ploughed and sown field which
has not been harvested: it will yield a crop the
following year without being reploughed. Cf. Arc
kata KflD = 'after-crop 1 & Syr koto Us^/ko'to
UsL 2> = 'an uncultivated crop which grows of itself,
a crop growing after a former harvest’ [Qzl/Kmc-8/
IFb] <beyar; bor III; k’ew§an; k’irebe; zevi>
k’ate < 0 'lT(K/B) = type of walnut-filled pastry. See
k’ade.
ka u dan lT(Latif Nerweyi-VoA) = condition, state.
See kawdan.
kavijki C5 f>'tT(FJ) = premature sexual activity. See
kalveji.
kavil Jsl f m. (-e; ). ruins (of a building): *Herki
gUne mala xo. §emdinan ji man li ser
kawilet soti (SK 40:381) The Herki went to their
homes. The Shemdinan were left among their
burnt ruins; 2) {syn: weran 1; xirab [2]} [ adj .]
ruined, destroyed, {also: kawil (SK); [kawil] Ji'lT(JJ);
<kavil> JslT(HH)} Sor kawul J 3 IT= 'ruined,
devastated'; Hau kawil = 'ruined, destroyed’ (M4)
[Zeb/K/A/IFb/B/]J/HH/GF/TF/OK//SK]
kavir ^IT/kavir J\f [K/B] m./f(B) (-e/ ; /-e). 1)
V
one-year-old male sheep (B§k/Ag/JJ); two-year-old
male sheep (K/A/B/Haz); term used for male sheep
between one and three years old (HH); 2) young
ewe (up to first lambing) (B). {also: [kawir] Jiff (JJ);
<kavir> ^’IT(HH)} [Pok. kapro- 529.] ’he-goat,
buck': proto Ir *k5u-ra/*kSwa-ra- (A&L, p.86 [VII]);
Sor kawur ^IV = 'lamb three to six months old'; Za
kavir m./f = 'lamb' (Todd/Mal); Hau kawir m. =
'gelded sheep'; cf. also P capus (jLo. = 'one-year-old
male goat'; Lat caper m. = 'goat' [K/B//J/F/A/JJ/HH/
Haz/B§k/Ag] <beran; berx; hevuri; mi I>
kavi§ki IT(GF) = premature sexual activity. See
kalveji.
kavlan qW(Bw) = sheath. See kalan.
kawjlT= knucklebone. See k’ap II.
kawdan jljjl fpi. condition, state, circumstances,
situation: »Kawdanen devere dijwartir u
aloztir le hatine (Metin 62[1997]:25) The
situation of the region has become harder and
more complex *Kesanen van giroka bi
timami ageh ji kawdanet xo yet nexo§
heye (Peyv 3[1996], 39) The characters in those
stories are completely aware of their awful state.
{also: ka u dan (Latif Nerweyi-VoA)} [syn: dest u
dar; b'al; hewal; rew§) [Metin/Peyv/Bw//Latif
Nerweyi-VoA]
kawe§ki IT(Trg) = premature sexual activity. See
kalveji.
kawil J 3 IT(SK) = ruins. See kavil.
k’axaz jLUT (Ba) = paper. See k’axez.
k’axet = paper. See k’axez.
kaxez (JB3/1F) = paper. See k’axez.
k’axit oo.IT (K) = paper. See k’axez.
k’axiz jo-LT (A) = paper. See k’axez.
kaxet (L) = paper. See k’axez.
k’axez f f/m.(Msr) (-a/-e;-e/). 1) paper {(B):
k’axet = thin, fine paper; k’axez = paper}; -p’ere
k’axaza cigare (Ba) a sheet of cigarette paper; 2)
{syn: mek’t’ub; name} letter, epistle: *Eze
k’axeteke bidim te (FK-eb-1) I will give you a
letter [to deliver], {also: k’axaz (Ba); k’axet; kaxez
(JB3/IF); k’axit (K); k’axiz (A); kaxet (L); kaxiz, ni.
(Msr); [kaghiz] a*IT(JJ); <kaxez> yclT(HH)} Cf. P
kayaz Jlc.IT; T kagit; Sor kaxez j*i.ir/qaqez j<u U =
'paper, letter, playing card' [Ba//HH/Bw//K/B//
A//JB3/IF//JJ] <belg [2]; p’er [3]; rup’el>
kaxiz ysX T, m. (Msr) = paper. See k’axez.
k’ayin ^lT(Btm) = (to chew one's) cud. See k’ayin.
k’ayin ^IT vi. (-k’aye). 1) to ruminate, chew one's
cud (of cows & sheep)’, 2) [f] cud. [also: k’ayin
300
K
(Btm); [k&in] qjIT(JJ); <kain> ^ITfHHJj [Pok. note
on p. 634.]: Numerous Indie words of non-Indo-
Germanic origin with initial kh- are treated in
F.B.M. Kuiper. Proto-Munda Words in Sanskrit
(Amsterdam, 1948], pp. 634ff.; Skt khadati = 'he
bites, chews’; O Ir *xad- (Tsb 46): Av xad- (pres.
xa0/*xadaya-) = 'to knead'; P xayidan (xay)
= ’to chew, gnaw 1 ; = Sor kawej kirdin
jjjlT[Btm//K/IF //HR] <cutin>
k’ebab aS" m.(F)/f.(K/B) ( ; /-e). shish-kebab. meat
on skewers, [also: k’ivav (Dz); [kebab] (JJ)} cf.
Ar kabab V LT; T kebap [Dz//F/K/B//IF/JJ]
kebani L5 ib^(Bw/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK) = (house)wife.
»»
See kevani.
.kehrit (F) = match(es). See k’irpit.
keg 5 f. (-a;-e). girl; daughter; term for an
unmarried girl (HH): «Mi kiga xo ya dae, ya
mezin (M-Gul) I have given him my eldest
daughter, [also: kig (M-Ak/Bw/JBl-A/OK-2/RZ-
2)/kig 5 (JBl-S-2); kij (OK-2/Bar); [kitch] ^T(JJ);
<keg> (HH)| { syn: dot; pit: qiz| Sor kig = Za
keyna |Ad/Ks/K/A/)B:VIFb/I3/MH/lBl-S/GI7TF/
OK/RZ//J)/JBl-A/SK/M-Ak/Bw//Barl
k 5 egel/k 5 eg 5 el [K/B-2] adj. bald; scurfy, laiso :
[ketchel] Jj*f(JJ); <kegel> (HH)) [syn : hewes)
Cf. P kacal 0 Uf; Az T kecal = 'bald'; Sor kegei
J^{k’eg[’]el[t]i| [K/A/lFb/B/IJ/HH/GF/TF]
k’egeli/k’eg’eli [K/B-2] f. ( ;-ye). baldness;
scurf, [also : kegelti (B-2); <kegeli> C5 G e T(HH)l Cf.
P kacall jL=f [A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF] <k’egel:
keIetor>
K’egelok JyJ a^aTjh. (). 1) Bald-Bov. 'Baldpate'; a
■
character in Kurdish. Turkish , and Iranian folklore ,
a trickster figure: also known as Lawe Pi re or
KuTe Pile (=Tlie Old Woman's Son) ; 2) vulture
(IF); 3) a dish made of cracked wheat germ (bulgur)
and lentils (IF). Cf. P kacal Az T keCal = 'bald';
cf. also T Keloglan = 'Bald-Boy' character in
folktales [K/A/IF/B] <guri>
kegelti ^a^-aT (B) = baldness. See k’egeli.
keghili (TF) = stepdaughter. See kegKeli.
kegKeli f. (). stepdaughter, [also: keghili
(TF)) [syn: nevisi; qizhili (Frq)} [GF//TF] c-fiili I;
zirdayik>
keg’ik = dim. of keg 5 .
k 5 ed/ked [JBl-S] f (-a;-e). 1) work, labor, toil;
effort: *Bi keda mej! ft milan, bi keda
gavan em dikarin gelek ti§t binin cem hev
(Wit 1:35, p.4) With the labor of the brain and the
arms, with the labor of the eyes, we can
accomplish many things: -k’eda fk-e xarin
(XF)/k’eda xelqe xwarin (B) to harvest the fruit
of s.o. else’s labor, to exploit: •Rew§a jin£n
Kurd di civake de gawa bft? ... ji aliye
serdestan ve dihatin pergiqandin 11 keda
wan dihate xwarin (Wit 1:35, p. 16) What was
the situation of Kurdish women in society? ... they
were crushed and exploited by the authorities
•Wi, hewl dida xwedi li keda xwe
derkeve, bi kesekl nede xwarin (AW77B1)
He tried to be his own master, not to be exploited
by anyone: 2) earnings, profit: •Isal ked pir e
(AB) This year there is much profit, [also: <ked> ji"
(HH)) [AB/K/IFb/B/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK]
k’eder f. ( ;-e). care, worry, concern; grief,
sorrow; -k’eder k 5 i§andin (FK-eb-l) to worry,
fret; •Ewi k’i§and gelek k’edere (FK-eb-l) He
was greatly worried, [also: [keder] <keder>
jaT(HH)) [svn: cefa; k’erb; k’eser; kovan; kul I;
§ayi§; tatel; xem; xival [2]) < Ar kadar jaT= 'worry 1
-> T keder [FK-eb-l/K/B/IF/JJ/HH]
ked! ^jaT adj. tame, domesticated: -fteywanen
• •
ked! (JB3) tame, domesticated animals; -ked!
kirin = to tame, domesticate, [also: kehi
(Bw/OK/M-Ak); key! (SK); [kedi ^j57kei ^-T/kyahl
(Rh)] (JJ); <kedi> ^aT(HH)) (^hov;^k 5 uvi;^ 5 of
II;^wah§) {kedibun; kediti ) [HB/K/A/JB3/B/JJ/I-IH//
Bw/0K//SK1 <sernerm>
kedibun c y 2 ^o t (K) = tameness. See kedit!.
ked!ti ^jaT f. (). tameness (of animals) . [also:
kedibun (K)) [A//K] <kedi>
k’edun iH. (-e; ). medium-sized water jug
(Btm); small water jug (IF/HH). [also: <kedun>
(HH)) [syn: lulik (IF)) [Btm/IF/HH] <cer; §erbik>
k’edxur (K/B) = exploiter. See k’edxwar.
k’edxuri ^jo-o^TtK/B) = exploitation. See
k’edxwari.
k’edxurti (B) = exploitation. See k’edxwari.
• •
k’edxwar J (). 1) exploiter; colonizer;
parasite, sponge; 2) [adj.] exploit[at]ive; colonizing,
imperialist(ic); parasitic, sponging: *Heta roja
mirin§ ji, ew bi xwe li hember dijminfi
kedxwar gek dananiye (Wit 2:73, p.ll) Until
his dying day, he never let down his guard
301
K
concerning the imperialist enemy, [also: k’edxur
(K/B); kedxwer (TF)) <k’ed = 'labor' + xwar- =
’eat(er)' (k’edxur[t]i; kedxwari; kedxweri)
[Wlt/IFb/OK//TF//K/B]
k’edxwari £ ( ;-y§). exploitation;
♦ ♦
colonization, imperialism. { also: k’edxuri (K/B);
k’edxurti (B-2); kedxweri (TF)) [IFb/OK//TF//K/B]
<k’edxwar>
kedxwer (TF) = exploiter. See k’edxwar.
kedxweri (TF) = exploitation. See
k’edxwari.
k’ef oaT £ (-a;-£). 1) [also: [kef] <jZ (JJ); <kef> <jZ
(HH)) foam, froth, lather, scum: -k’efa be’re (EP-
7) sea foam; 2) [also: k’efik (B); kefik (F); [kifik]
tttUTQJ)} mould. Skt kapha- m. = 'slime'; Av kafa-
m. = 'foam, froth’; Khotanese Saka khava- = 'foam’;
Ossetic xaef = ’slime'; P kaf <jZ = ’foam, froth, scum,
lather’; Sor kef <JaT= 'foam, froth, lather'; Za kef m.
(Mai); Hau kef m. (M4). See I. Gershevitch.
“Iranian Words Containing -an-,” Iran and Islam: in
Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky , ed. C. E.
Bosworth (Edinburgh, 1971), p.287, note 24;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), p. 257, note 24. [EP-7/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ GF/TF]
<dewjin>
kefgik d??*Z (HB) = spoon. See k’efgi.
k’efgi m. (-ye; kevg’i [B]). 1) spoon:
♦ ♦
•CarekS gundiyek dige li maleke dibe
mevan, Kebaniya male je re §orbe tine
datine ber, le kevgi ji bir ve dike (LM, p.7)
Once a villager is a guest at a house. The lady of
the house brings him soup and sets it down before
him, but she forgets [to bring] a spoon «Ew ji
dibe kevg’iye hesini, di nav girara germ
da disincire; ji w§ yeke kevg’iye dari
qimetlitir e (HR-I, 1:40) They also say that iron
spoons [lit. 'the iron spoon’] melt [or, heat up] in
hot porridge; for this reason wooden spoons are
[lit. ’the wooden spoon is'] more valuable; 2)
perforated spoon, straining spoon (K). [also: kefgik
(HB-2); kevging (A-2); k’evgi (F); kevgi (A); kevg’i
(B/HR-I); [kewtchi] (JJ); <kevgi ( _ 5 ^S?kevgik
ds*sZ> (HH)) Cf. Southern Tati dialects (all £):
♦
Takestani kemcia; Eshtehardi komcia; Xiaraji
kancia = ’spoon’ (Yar-Shater); cf. P camfie a^
->3./kafCe ajxJZ & T kepge = ’ladle’
[K/JB3/IFb/GF//A/JJ//F/HH//B/HR-l//HB]
<gemgik; hesk; k’efgir>
k’efen m. (-e; ). shroud, cerement: *Wexte te
maye bist deqiqe. Kifine xo Kazir ke,
wesyetSt xo bike destdriye ji mal ft
'eyale xo bixaze. Nawe xude bine, edi
drimaiya 'emre te ye (SK 40:361) You have
twenty minutes left. Get your shroud ready, make
your testament and take leave of your wife and
family. Invoke the name of God, for the end of
your life has come; -k’efen kirin (B) to
enshroud. (a/so: kifin (SK); [kifin] g^iTQJ); <kefen>
(HH)) [syn: gar§ev [4]) < Ar kafan (jjZ
[L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH//JJ/SK]
k’efgir - ladle; strainer. See k’efgir.
k’efgir ^*Z f. (-a;-£). 1) (syn: gemgik; hesk) ladle,
scoop; 2) strainer (lFb). [also: k’efgir; k’evgir (EP-
7/K/B); [kef-ghir] _^Z[JJ); <kefgir> ^T(HH)) Cf. P
kaf gir <jZ = 'skimmer, that which takes the foam
off - > clq Ar. kafkir ^SjZ = 'ladle'; Hau kewgir m.
= 'perforated ladle (for straining boiled rice)' (M4)
[EP-7/K/B//A//JB3/IFb/JJ/HH] <k’efgi>
k’efik dsoZ£ ( ;-e). mold, mildew, [also: k’ef [2] (K);
kuffik (GF); kufik (IFb); [kifik] JjZ{ JJ))
[B/F//JJ//IFb//GF//K] <jeng; zeng>
k’efiki ^aT ad;. moldy: »Cend 'embare dinSda
di binida k’efiki bubu (EP-8) Some storage
bins were mouldy at the bottom, (a/so: kufiki (IFb);
kufiki (Zeb)) [EP-8/K/B//IFb//Zeb]
k’efi (JtZ £ (-ya; ). kerchief, cloth: »B. digiri u
♦ ♦
kefi di deste wi de ye (L) B. cries, and he has a
handkerchief in his hand *B. poz guh§ gel
kele§e [sic] ji ceba xwe derxist, di nav
kefike de biln (L) B. took the noses and ears of
the 40 brigands out of his pocket; they were
[wrapped] in a cloth, [also: [kefi] <kefi> ^jZ
(HH)) Cf. Ar kafflyah [L/K/JJ/HH] <destmal;
kevnik; k’ofi; lag’ik>
kef§ I jjJoZm. (-e; ). armpit: •Hemmali des da
cent§, bin kef§e xo na, bo xo birineve (M-
Ak #622) The porter picked up the satchel, put it
under his arm and took it away for himself, (syn:
bing’eng) Mid P kas = 'armpit' (M3); P ka§ fj^Z=
'groin, armpit, bosom' [M-Ak/IFb/OK]
kef§ II ^aT (IF) = evident, obvious. See k 5 if§.
302
K
k’eftar jLioi" f.(F/K)/m.(B) ( /-e; / k’evter [B]). 1)
[syn: gorneba§ (K)} hyena, zool. genera Hyaena &
Crocuta ; 2) old fogey, crotchety old man (B). [also:
k’evtar, m. (k’evter) (B); [keftar] jbuf(JJ); <keftar
jLiS7heftar jLu^-> (HH)) Cf. Sgd ’pt’r; Pahl
xaftar/haftar (M3); Baluchi haptar; P kaftar jLjK\
Sor kemt[i]yar jUc,aY See I. Gershevitch. “Iranian
Words Containing -an-,” Iran and Islam : In
Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorskv, ed. C. E.
Bosworth (Edinburgh, 1971), p.287, note 24;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica , ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), p.257, note 24. [F/K/A/IF/JJ/HH//B]
<gorneba§>
k’efteleft J^AT(K[s]/IFb/GF/TF)/kefte left eJJ a^aT
(HYma/Hej) = effort; commotion. See k’eft u left,
keftin ^aT(M)/ k’eftin (M-Am) = to fall. See k’etin.
k’eft ft. left oJaJ 3 1. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: bizav;
p’ek’ol; xebat} struggle, effort, hard work: *Tu
gelek keft ft lefte dikey bo jiyana xo (Dh)
You are working very hard; 2) {svn: gelem§e]
argument, quarrel, fight; commotion, chaos, stir:
•We roje kefte left bi gund ketibu (HYma,
p.30) That day there was quite a stir in the village.
[also: k’efteleft (K[s]/IFb/GF/TF)/kefte left (HYma);
<kefteleft> A^iAT(Hej)) [Dh/A//HYma/K(s)/
IFb/GF/TF/Hej] <geremol; k’af-k’un>
kefxwe ^^aT (GF) = village chief. See k’ewxwe.
kefzer joj^aT (IFb) = moss. See k’evz.
k’ehel Jl aaY (K/A/IF) = bay horse. See k’iEel.
kehi ^^(Bw/OK/SK-Ak) = tame. See kedi.
kehni (HR-I/HH) = spring, fountain. See kani I.
kehr _>aaT(GF/M-Zx) = kid. young goat. See kar I
kehrik HI^aT(B w/TF) = kid, young goat. See kar I &
karik.
kej I ja5" adj. a term for the color of hair : 1) redhead
(K/B); 2) blond (A/IFb/GF): *Pore diya te ji kej
e. Tu li diya xwe gtiyi (DZK) Your mother’s
hair is blond also; you lake after your mother; 3)
sandy, light brown (IFb/TF). |DZK/K/A/IF1>/B/GF/TF|
<guf II>
kej II jaT f. (-a; ). goat’s wool [hiriya bizinan].
[Mdt/GF/TF] <gur I; hiri; kulk; liva; merez II>
keji ^jaT f. (). 1) saddle-girth, bellyband; strap or
band for a saddle or packsaddle; a strap tied under
the belly of a beast of burden (Ag); 2) woven silk
string which women tie around their backs and
heads (Qzl). [also: keju (IFb); [keji] ^^TQJ)} {syn:
kolan I; navteng; qo§ [l]; teng II) Sor keju^jA^keji
^'aT [Ag/JJ/Qzl//IFb] <zin I>
keju ^JaT (IFb) = saddle-girth. See keji.
kek ^JaT m. (). 1) [syn: kokim [2]} older brother [cf.
T agabey]; 2) term of address for a man [under
Central Kurdish [Sorani] influence}, [also: kak
(K/IF-2); keke (A); [kek] JV (JJ)} Sor kak JIT
[K//A//JB3/IF/JJ] <bira>
kekarik JjIYaT (Elb) = mushroom. See kufkarik.
keke ^YaY (A) = older brother. See kek.
••
*kel I JaT (). 1) hornless goat (BK); type of sheep (A);
ram or billy goat with short horns (IF); female
sheep (=ewe) with horns (IF); any female animal
(IF); female sheep with horns, or male sheep with
short horns (HH/GF); -berane kel (K) ram with
twisted horns; 2) two-year-old calf (IF); 3) rut, heat,
mating instinct of animals (IF); 4) [adj.] horned (of
animals) (B); 5) maturing (of plants and animals)
(IF); 6) fertile, productive; powerful, strong (IF).
v
[also: <kel> JT(HH)) Sor kel JaT = 'male, strong,
powerful, high, buck, ram (esp. moufflon, ibex),
bull'; Hau kel in. = ’ibex, mountain goat’ (M4)
[BK/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF] <[l] bizin; mi I; k’ol IV;
qog’; [2] golik>
kel II JaT(Bw) = fortress. See kela.
k’el III JaY f (-a;-e). 1) boiling: *K’ela av§ dani
(K) The water has stopped boiling *sitile ava
k’el (EP-7) a bucket of boiling water; -k’el ghyin
(B/JJ) to boil over; 2) heat (K/B); hot object (HH):
• K’ela tave dani (K) The sun has stopped
burning, the heat of the sun has cooled down;
-k’el ft §ewat (Z-l) passion: *bi k’el ft §ewat
(Z-l) passionately; 3) [adj.] hot (to the touch),
boiling hot: -ava k’el (Bw) (boiling) hot water
(e.g.. water for tea), [also: [kel] JY(JJ); <kel> Jf
(HH)) [Z-l/F/K/A/IF/BK/JJ/B/HH/Bw] <k’elandin;
k’elin>
kel*a 'ItS' f. ( ;*e/kela[y]e). 1) {sj'n: birc [2]) fort,
fortress; castle: *Lap zuva ew keldda
rftni§tiye (Ba3) For quite some time (=since quite
early on) he had sat in the castle (=dungeon) *Li
hindav u nezi Wane u Gola Wane kelehen
mezin ft dirok! hene, du keleh ji van
kelehan li raseri l&va gole ne (SB, p, 50)
Above and beside Van and Lake Van there are
large and historic fortresses, [and] two of those
303
K_
fortresses overlook the shore of the lake *Qelata
wt li-ser gya bti li hindawS rtlbare, s§-
hizar gez bilind e (SK 51:556) His fort was on
a mountain above the river, three thousand ells
high; -Kela Dimdim (EP-8) The fortress of
Dimdim, south of Urmiyah/Reza'iyeh in Kurdistan
of Iran; a Kurdish rebellion against Shah Abbas
which took place there in 1608-1610 is the subject
of a famous Kurdish epic by the same name;
2) prison, jail (B). ( also: kel II (Bw); kelat (JB3/
IFb-2/TF/OK); kele I (A/IFb/GF); keleh (SB/
JBl- j/OK- 2); kelha; qela (HB/GF-2/OK-2); qelat
(A-2/SK); qele (IFb-2); [qele] **Jii (JJ); <kelh>
(HH)} < A'r qaTah —> T kale; Sor qela 'Vas =
'fogt, castle, rook (chess)' & kelat c/V^/qelat
oSf^S - ’hill fort’ [Z-l/K/B//A/IFb/GF//JB3/TF/
OK//HH//JJ//HB] <asegeh>
kelan j^aTQBS) = to boil (vi.) . See k’elin.
k’elandin vt. (-k’elin-). to boil (vt.) , bring
to the boil; to cook: •Qar gewal birinc anin u
timam di di§teki mezin de kelandin (L)
They brought four sacks of rice and boiled them all
in a large cauldron •Lazime tu qehwake ji mi
re bikelint (L) You must boil some [lit. 'a'] coffee
for me; -av k’elandin (IF) to boil water, {also:
<kelandin (dikeline) (HH))
[F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH/SK1 <k’el III; k’eiin; pe 7 tin>
kela§ ji^4Y(JB3) = sandal(s); peasant shoe(s). See kelej
I.
k’ela§e (K[s]) = rag slipper(s). See kelej I.
kelat (JB3/IFb/TF/OK) = fortress. See kela.
k’elb in. (). dog. {syn: kug’ik; se) <Ar kalb
[K/B]
kele I (A/IFb/GF) = fortress. See kela.
k’ele II J aT (B) = head. See k’elle II.
kelegiri (IFb) = bursting into tears. See
k’ewgiri.
kelegirini Msr) = bursting into tears. See
k’ewgiri.
keleh (SB/JBl-S/OK) = fortress. See kela.
kelek /. (-a; ). raft, particularly one held up by
inflated animal skins, {also: [kelek] <JJY(JJ); <kelek>
cjir(HH)) {syn: ’ebrik) cf. NENA kalak = ’a raft,
supported by inflated sheepskins’ (Maclean) <Syr
kalko [Zeb/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<kelekvan; me§k>
kelekvan jUTJ aT m. (). raftsman, one who steers a
raft, {also: [kelek-van] jl^sTTOJ)}
[Zeb/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF] <kelek>
k’elem I/kelem [A] pej*f f.(K/JB3)/m.(B) (-a/ ; ).
1) cabbage; 2) cauliflower (HH): -k’elema gul =
do. {also: [kelem] pJT(JJ); <kelem> jJT(HH)} Cf. P
kalampJ5l Sor kelerm cf. also Egyptian Ar
kurumb ^ J?- ’cabbage’; W Arm galamp
IjumquiJ'p [F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
kelem II/k’elem [JBl-A] m.(K/JBl-A)/f.(B)
[ ; kelem [BK]/-e [B]). thorn; thornbush (Z-2):
•§in te dibe kelemeke mezin (Z-2) A large
thorn[bush] grows there, {syn: cliri; stiri 1}
[K/BK/B/Z-2//JB1-A]
kelemeg <\T(IFb) = mosquito. See k’erme§.
keleng Jj^d^B/IF) = wild artichoke. See kereng.
k’elep'arge (B) = sheep’s head and trotters.
See k’elle page.
kelepur m. (-e; ). l) inheritance (lit. & fig.) ;
heritage, legacy: *Bi ve gapkirinSva Haciye
Cindi xwestibu cim'eta Ermeniyan bike
nase kelepure milete Kurd (K-d§) By printing
[them], Hadji Jndi wanted to acquaint Armenian
society with the heritage of the Kurdish nation; 2)
anything acquired at no cost (e.g., as inheritance) ;
anything acquired dishonestly at no cost; 3)
folklore [neol.]. {also: <kelepur ^J57kerepul J
(HH)) Cf. T kelepir = 'chance bargain, golden
opportunity; very cheap'; T kelepir [Rankin;
Malatya] = 'unclaimed property' & kelepur
[Merzifon-Amasya; Bayadi-Ordu; Guriin-
Sivas]/kelepur [Rize] = 'something gotten for cheap
or by trickery’ (DS, v. 8, p. 2729); T kelepir [Af§ar
*Pmarba§i-Kayseri] = 'booty, loot' (DS, v. 12, p.
4543) < Gr kelepuri KeAcnoupi = 'a find, bargain,
Y
windfall’; Sor kelepur 'things left for
relatives after the death of a relation; cheap, free (of
charge)’ [K-d§/IF/HH//DS]
kele§ I ji J m. (SK/Zeb)/f (OK) (-e/ ; ). corpse,
dead body, cadaver; carcass, carrion: •Rabi,
kelexe wi bi k§rike hem! §eq§eq kir (M-Zx
#755, p.350) He got up and cut his carcass into
pieces with a knife •Romi xertel in, xo§iya
wan ew e kele§ mi§e bin (SK 61:740) Turks
are vultures, their pleasure is in being full of
carrion [lit. 'their pleasure is this, that carrion be
304
abundant'], {also: kelex (Bw/Zeb-2/OK-2/M-Zx);
<kele§ ^iJ^kelex ^>aJ aS> (Hej)) \syn: berat’e;
cendek; cinyaz; le§; meyt’; term) Sor kelak J^aT
[Zeb/SK/OK/Hej]
k’ele§ II fji'doS'm. (). brigand, robber: *£el kele§
bi xwe re helanine (L) They took 40 brigands
with them, {also: [keles] jJj (}})) [syn: nijdevan;
rebir) (k’ele§i; kele§ti) [L/K/ A/IFb/GF//JJ]
k’ele§ III juJofadj. 1) (syn: bedew; cindi; spehi)
beautiful, handsome (B : of men: IF/HH: of people
or animals) ; 2) nice, charming; 3) ]m.] man's name,
{also: [kelech] JJ); <kele§> jUf(HH))
[Z-l/K/B/IFb/JJ/HH]
k’ele§i ^aJ aT/. (). brigandage, highway robbery.
{also: kele§ti (IFb-2)) {svn: nijdevani; rebin} [IFb]
<k’ele§ II>
kele§ti ^^aJaTOFB) = brigandage. See k’ele§i.
• %
keletor yp'aj aT .£ (-a; ). dandruff, scurf: -keletora
seri (Zeb) do. {also: <keletor> (Hej)} = Sor
kirej jj^57kire§ [Zeb/OK/AA/Hej] <k’egeli>
kelex »aJaT (Bw/Zeb/OK/M-Zx) = carcass. See kele§ I.
kele (A/IFb/GF/FJ/Nsb) = saltless. See keli II.
kel§j I ylJ aT/. Q. sandal(s); peasant shoe(s); rag
slipper(s) (K[s]). {also: kela§ (JB3); k’ela§e (K[s])) Sor
Y
kela§ yhjoS'- 'rag sole, shoe with such sole and
woven upper'; cf. also 'galosh' [A/IFb//K(s)//JB3]
<sol; §ekal>
kelej II c^JaT (Bw) = tailbone. See kileji.
kelha I^JaT = fortress. See kela.
keli§andin qjjLJaTIBw/Zx) = to tear, crack (vtj. See
qeli§andin.
keli§in aT (JR/Bw/Zx) = to tear, crack (vij. See
qeli§in.
keli§tek JaxJaT (JB3) = hole; crack. See qeli§tek.
keli I (JoZ f. (-ya; ). pea(s), bot. Pisum sativum : -
keli kizin (Zeb) small type of pea; -keli xatun
(Zeb) sweetpea?. {also: <kelii>j^J*f (Hej)) {syn: gilol
II; polik II) [Zeb/OK/AA//Hej] <lowuk>
keli II ^aT adj. saltless, without salt (of food), bland,
unseasoned, {also: kele (A/IFb-2/GF/FJ/Nsb);
<keli> ^(HH)) [Wn/IFb/B/HH//A/GF/FJ/Nsb]
• •
<§or III; xwe>
k’elin (jJaT vi.-(- k’el-). to boil (vi.) , come to the
boil, {also: kelan (JB3); [keliian QlGT/kelin qJS] (JJ);
<keliyan> jLlf(HH)) {syn: florin) Za keleyena
[kelayi§] (Srk) [Z-922/K/B/A/IF//JB3//JJ/HH] <k’el
III; k’elandin>
kelkele aJa£)aT(). 1) long, tube-like, hollow reed that
grows in marshy areas, proverbial for its dryness
(Wn): *Usa Ki§k bfl, bu fenani kelkele (Wn)
It was as dry as the kelkele plant; 2) baby's breath,
bot. Gypsophila paniculata [Rus perekati-pole
nepexaTH-noAe] (Dz): • Kelkele, misk’en§ te
li k’uye? Go, Ba dizane (Dz) "Baby's breath,
where do you live?" It said, "The wind knows”
]prv.]. [Wn/Dz]
kell*e I aIJaT/. (*a; ). type of snow shoe consisting
of an animal skin held taut over a round frame.
{syn: liyan II (Bw)) For a photograph, see Aristova,
photo #41 (after p. 128) [Bw]
k’elle II aJJ off m. ( ). head; crown (of head): skull.
{also: k’ele II (B); [kele] aIT(JJ)) Cf. P kail eh a!T=
'head; top, upper part'; Sor kele *J<*r[K/IFb/GF]
<kilox; qehf; ser I>
k’elle page a^L JJaT f. (). sheep's head and trotters.
{also: k’elep’arge (B); <kelepage> a^-LIT (HH) ) {syn:
ser u p’e) Cf. P kalleh paceh a^L. aIT; Sor kelepage
A3.U aJ aT [IFb / / GF //HH//B)
• ♦
k’elmel JaJ aT(B/GF) = equipment. See k’el u p’el.
kelme§ AT(IFb/GF) = mosquito. See k’erm§§.
k’elogri AT(FK-eb-2) = bursting into tears. See
• %
k’ewgiri.
kelo§tin aT = to crack nuts. See kelotin.
kelotin jJ^JaT vt (-keloj-J. to crack (nuts, seeds,
etc.) with the teeth: •Tovka dikeloji (Bw) You
crack sunflower seeds. I also: kelo§tin; <kelotin
^yJA^kelojtin JaT> (Hej)) Sor [da]kiro[j]tin
[Bw/Zeb/Msl/Hej]
k’elpig ^~JaT m. ()• brick, {also: k’erpig’ (K/GF);
k’erpinc (B); kerpug (OK-2); [kerpitch] ^>T(JJ);
<kelpig> ^JT(HH)) cf. T kerpig; Rus kirpiC
KHpnnu [Zeb/Dh/A/IFb/HH/OK//K/JJ/GF//B]
<xi§t II>
kel§ jJ aT f. (-a; ). crack, fissure: •Keziyet we
kigik6 §or bibin di kel§a p’ir£ ra (M-Zx
#776) The girl's braids were hanging down through
a crack in the bridge, {also: qel§ (K/A/IFb/GF/TF);
[qelch/qalch] jJs (JJ)} (syn: derz; *devlo[k] II;
qeli§tek; terk; ti§ I) [Bw/Zx/M-Zx//K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF]
kelumel (OK) = equipment. See k’el il p’el.
kelupel JajjJaT (OK) = equipment. See k’el H p’el.
kelumel Ja^.^ AT(IFb/GF) = equipment. See k’el H
p’el.
305
K
k’el ft p’el Jou j jA57k 5 eliip 5 el m.(B)/
f(OK)/often pi. (). effects, objects, equipment:
-kelftpel&n ceng§ (GF) war materiel, {also:
k’elmel (B/GF-2); kelumel (OK-2); kelupel (OK);
kelumel (IFb/GF-2)) Sor kel-u-pel J*j*J ’bits and
pieces, effects, movable property' & kel-u-peli
v
nawmali ^^= ’chattels’
[Voa/K(s)/IFB/GF/TF//OK//B] <amir; ti§t>
kem ^ f. (-a; ). bush, shruh (2 meters high). { syn:
devi; k’ol III; Fera§ II; t’um) [Frq/IFb]
k’emax /. (-a;-e). hip (of people), haunch (of
animals) ; rear, backside, posterior (OK/GF): *Ye
texme kiriye kumaxa wi (JBl-A #91) He has
been branded on the hip. | also: kumax (IFb-2/OK);
kumax (JBl-A); <kemax> ^-LT(HH)) {syn: qorik [2])
[ A/IFb/HH/GF//OK//JBl - A] <het; ran>
kembel (GF) = dried sheep dung. See kernel,
k’ember f. (-a;-e). 1) waist; 2) belt, waistband;
wide silver or golden belt (B): «£u ba §ahe
’ecemo/ Je xwest k’er ti k’embero (EP-8) He
went to the king of the Persians,/ asked him for a
knife and a belt, {also: k’emer (B/IF-2); [kamar]
(JJ); <kember> Cf. P kamar> T
kemer [EP-8/K/A/IF/JJ/HH//B]
kembel Jl^*r(Qtr-E) = dried sheep dung. See kernel,
kemgik (Wn) = ladle, wooden spoon. See
gemgik.
k’emer j<^aT(B/IF) = waist; belt. See k’ember.
kemSl Q. 1) {syn: ginci) dried sheep dung
stuck to the sheep's tail; 2) dirty [kembelgirti]. {also:
kembel (GF); kembel (Qtr-E)} Sor kernel =
’sheep’s wool matted with dung’
[Qzl/A/IFb/FJ//GF//Qtr-E]
kemn ^^(Kg) = old (of things) . See kevn.
k’en j*Tm. (-6; ). smile, laughfter]: «Pa§6 bi
careke ve kene xwe biri (KS, p.8) Then at
once he interrupted his laughter (or, stopped
laughing), {also: [ken] ^T(JJ); <ken> ^yT(HH))
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <k’enin>
kenar jL3aT(F) = crossbeam. See k’§ran.
kendal (-§ ; kendel, vi kendali).
1) ditch, gully, ravine; two sides of deep cliff (IFb);
cliff, crag, precipice (K): # Rojeke ez gume nik
p’ira Se‘doni, wer§ kendalek § hey.
Kurikeki heval§ min di w£r§ ra hat, gote
min, "Tu di§§y xo bi vi kendali da
bav§ji?" (M-Zx #778) One day I went by the
Saadun bridge, where there is a cliff. A boy friend
of mine came by there and said to me, "Can you
throw yourself off this cliff?"; 2) slope, slight rise
(IFb/HH); 3) man J s name, {also: [kendal] Jlx^(JJ);
<kendal> Jl^T(HH)) [K/A/lFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
<geli; newal>
kendav f./m.(Metin) ( /-e;-e/-i). gulf; bay,
inlet; canal (OK): -§ere Kendave Farisi (Metin)
the Gulf War. {also: kendaw (TF)} Sor kendaw^l
= 'canal, bay, gulf (K2) [Metin/Vo A/OK//TF)
kendaw (TF) = gulf, hay. See kendav.
k’endik (). one-year-old calf, as opposed to
golik = newborn calf{ Ag). {also: k’indik (K)) (syn:
malok; mozik I) [Ag/K] <g , elek/mange; ga; golik>
kener (A/IFb/GF) = mahaleb cherry. See kiner.
k’enga = when. See k’engi.
kenger (Dy/Srk/TG2/Mzr) = wild artichoke. See
kereng.
k’enge aT(K/B/F/IF b/GF/Msr) = when. See k’engi.
k’engir (K[s]/OK) = wild artichoke. See kereng.
k’engi intrg. l) {syn: gigaxi; giwext (Bg)} when?:
•Dijmin kengi bilye dost, heta ku tu li
dostaniya mar digeri? (CP, p. 15) Since when
have enemies become friends, that you are seeking
the friendship of the snake? «Hetta kengi d§
hutuwe be-§ol di xanida rh-n6y, linga
direj key? (SK 9:91) How long are you going to
sit idle like this in the house, (simply) stretching
your legs? *Ma kengi sultanS Istembol§
nanek daye te, kem yan zor gakiyek digel
te kiriye? (SK 17:161) When has the Sultan of
Istanbul ever given you a loaf, or done you any
good, great or small?; 2) [conj.] when: «Kenge ez
hatim, min got (J) When I came, I said ... {also:
k’enga; k’enge (K/B/F/IFb/GF/Msr); kinga (Ms/GF-
2); kingi (Ag); <kenge> L fS[¥[H)} Sor key
^^/kenge ^C^f/kengi Za kinga/key (Todd)
[A/JB3/SK/TF//F/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//Ms//Ag]
keni§t «^j*T(K[s]) = synagogue. See kini§t I.
keni§te *u-ijAT(IFb)/k’eni§te (A) = synagogue. See
kini§t I.
k’enin vi. (-k’en-). to laugh; to smile: *Em
ne ‘er§ o kursian dibinin o ne ga w
masian. Em noke pi§ta gun§ xo ji
nabinin.' 350. ‘Eli beg bi wi xeberi keni w
306
ehle dlwand j! hem! ken!n (SK 39:349-350]
We see neither the Dais and the Throne, nor the Ox
and the Fish. We cannot even see behind our own
testicles now.' 350. Ali Beg laughed at that and
everybody present laughed, [also: [kenin] C ^T(JJ);
<kenin ^5"(dikeni) (HH)} O Ir *xan- (Tsb
38): P xandidan Sor pe kenin ^*5^; Za
huwena [wati§/huwayi§] (Todd/Srk); Hau xuay (xu-
) vi. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ JBl-
A&S/SK/GF/TF] <bi§kurin>
kepen (Zx/IF) = felt cloak. See k’epenek.
k’epenek of m. (-§; ). shepherd’s felt cloakor
vest: -kepene §ivan (Zx) do. [also: kepen (Zx/IF-
2); [kapan ^LT/kapanek (JJ); <kepenek>
(HH)} Cf. P kapanak T kepenek
[Zx/IFb//K(s)/A/HH/GF//JJ] <kulav>
k’ep # ir^)c iff. (•ra; # re). bower, temporary hut
made of branches, similar to the Jewish sukkali ;
summer hut: # [Ez de agiri berdime kepre da
bibit gori] (PS-II) I will set the hut on fire, so that
it may be a sacrifice] *Kepir germ / pepelisk
asin [zine hespi] (AZ #9, p.74) Bower of hide /
ladder of iron [rdl: ans.: horse's saddle] »Wexte
hawinS bft. Mala Os& hem! di kepre da bft.
Herzaleki bilind ji gekiri bft, Oso u jina
xo li ser herzal! diniwistin, kuret w! ft
mala w! j! di kepra bin! da bftn (SK 40:357)
It was summertime. All of Oso's family was in a
bough-hut. A high superstructure had also been
made, and Oso and his wife were sleeping on the
superstructure while his sons and household were
in the hut beneath •Xelkd w£ dirkd hem! dijin
di k’ep’ra ve, [Di]gine giyay, ti§teki ttnin-
-dibene gull—dihavene ser k’ep’ra, dibite
siber ft gelek xo§ dibin (M-Am #721, p.332)
The people there all live in bough shelters. They
go to the mountains and bring something called
'chuli' [young, leafy branches of oak] and put them
on top of the shelters and it makes a shade and
they are very pleasant; -kepra tiri (Slv) grape
bower; -kol ft k’epir (PS-II) do.: # [Agir berda
kol ft keprSd rengtne] (PS-II) He set fire to the
many-colored huts, [also: kepr (SK/GF-2); [kepir]
^T(JJ); <kepir> (HH)} Sor kepr Hau kepre
/. (M4); cf. also NENA qiiprana = ‘a booth, esp. in a
vineyard 1 (Maclean). According to GF, this word
occurs in Hekkari and Behdinan. [M-Am/PS-
II/K(s)/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK//SK] cherzal; Kol[ik]; kol H>
k’ep!/kep! [B] ^fJm.(OK) ( ;-y£/). 1) [syn: difn
[2]; poz 1} nose; 2) [syn: bevil [1]; firn[ik]; kulfik I
(Wn); ximximk} nostril(s). [also: gep II (B§k); kepu
(IFb-2/GF-2/OK-2); k’epu (K); [kep ^jykepou^J]
(JJ); <kepu>^^(HH)} Cf. Sor kep h^yf= ’nose,
snout’ [A/IFb/B//K/JJ/HH/GF/OK//K/RZ//B§k]
kepr *T(SK/GF) = hut. See k’epir.
kepre §in (GF) = Sukkot. See kepre§ine.
kepre§!ne f. ( ). Sukkot, Feast of
Tabernacles, Jewish holiday in autumn (early
October), [also: kepre §in (GF-2); <kepre§ine>
<v^o^*T(Hej)} "Kapra shine' 1 = ’blue hut 1 (Sukkot)
[Brauer, p.315]; Sor kepre§ine
■
/kepresewze oj^o[Brauer//GF/Hej] <k’epir>
kepu^*r(IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK/RZ)/k’epft (K) = nose;
nostril. See k’epi.
ker I m. ( ; keri [B]). piece, part: -ker kirin =
to cut or divide into parts or pieces *Ev@ s§v§
ker ke (Z-921) Divide this apple, [also: kef (A);
keri I (B/IF); [ker] ^T(JJ); <ker> ^(HH)} [syn: p’ar
II} [Z-92l/K/JB3/JJ/HH//A//B/IFb/GF/TF] See also
ker! I. <be§ I>
ker II jof adj. 1) [syn: guhgiran) deaf: »Ez ne j[i]
t’opalim, ji p’iya / ne kerrim, ji guha / ne
§ilim, ji desta (FK-kk-13:124) I am neither lame
in the feet / nor deaf in the ears / nor limp in the
hands; -ker ft lal (IF) deaf and dumb: *gur§
keri-lalo (Ba) deaf-mute wolves; 2) silent, quiet:
-ker bftn/xwe ker kirin/ciye xweda ker
bftn (K) to be quiet, shut up; to fall silent: *M!r li
wan venegerand ft xwe ker kir (SW) The
emir didn’t answer them, and kept quiet, [also:
klier (JB3); qar: [ker] ^T(JJ); <ker> ^(HH)} Cf. Av
karana- (Morg3, p.340): Mid P karr (M3); P kar jf\
Sor ker Za kerr (Todd) (kerayi I; kerbftn; kef!
Ill; kerti 1} [F/K/A/IFb/B/)J/HH/GF/TF/Msr//JB3]
k’er III j*f m.&f. (-e/-a; /-£). donkey, ass:
•Siware kere ne tu siwar e (BX) He who rides
a she-ass is no rider [prvj; -k’er£ nSr/nfirek’er
= male donkey; -k’era mS/mak’er = she-ass,
female donkey, [also: [ker] Jf (JJ); <ker> jf (HH)}
[syn: guhd[i]rej} <0 Ir *xara- (A&L, p.87 [X,l]):
Baluchi kar; Paratchi khor; P xar Sor ker jaT;
Za her m./f. (Todd); Hau her m. (M4) (k’erayi II;
k’eretl} [K/A/JB3hFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A/GF/TF/Msr]
307
<ceh§/deh§; exte; hesp; hestir II; k’urik; mak’er;
qantir; zifin>
ker IV adj. flat side up (of knucklebones k’ap II):
-ker u gik (Qzl) a losing combination of
knucklebones; -ker <1 pik (Qzl) a winning
combination of knucklebones; -du ker (Qzl)
double win {syn: git}. ( syn: mir II (Wn)| [Qzl]
<k’ap II>
keran (F) = crossbeam. See k’§ran.
kerane (TF/OK/IFb) = hammer. See geran II.
kerani jof adj. pattern of berghz material :
alternating long white stripe and stripe consisting of
series of black lines on white. [Bw] <berguz>
kera§ jof.m. Q. 1) {syn: a§van| miller (A/JJ); mill-
hand [aide-meunier] (JB3): • Mfiemmed Xan xwe
kiriye kera§ u jina xwe ji kiriye dorgi (L)
M. Khan turned himself into a miller, and his wife
into a customer; 2) {syn: a§ 1} mill (K[sJ). {also: qera§
(K[s]/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF); [karras] ^1 ^T(JJ))
[L/K(s)//A/}B3/IFb/GF/TF//JJ]
keray! I f (). deafness, {also: kerbun (B); keri
III (K/IFb); kerti (B/K)} [B/K//IF] <ker II>
k’erayi II (B) = stupidity; stubbornness. See
k’ereti.
k’erb/kerb [JB1-A] f. (-a; ). l) {syn: cefa;
k’eder; k’eser; kovan; kul I; §ayi§; xem; xtyal [2]}
sorrow, grief, distress; worry, care: -[ji] k’erba (B)
out of excitement; out of sorrow or grief: •Bor
dina xwe dae, M. we ji k’erba bit’eqe (EP-
7) Bor saw that M. was about to burst
with/from/out of grief *Ew k’erba kure xwe
nexwe§ k’et (B) She fell ill out of sorrow for her
son; 2) [ in./pi . ().] anger (JB1-A/SK): -kerbet fk-i
bxinewe = vebun (SK) to become angry, fly into
a rage: *Kerbet wi de binewe, de cuna det,
§eri de ket. (SK 52:561) He will lose his temper
and become abusive and start fighting, {also: [kerb]
v(JJ); <kerb> v J> (HH)} < Ar karb v J?
lZ-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/]J/HI-I/]Bl-S/SK/Gl7TF/OK//JBl-Al
k’erbe§ f. Q. a thistle eaten by donkeys;
camel thorn, bot. Alhagi maurorum (IF); holly,
bot. Ilex (OK), {also: <kerbe§> (HH))
[Msr/A/IFb/HH/TF/OK] <givzonik>
kerbun Q&jof (B) - deafness. See kerayi.
kerebalix ^JLojaSQL) = noise; crowd. See qerebalix.
k’erem f (-a;-e). goodness; generosity: -Ji
k’erema xwe = Please! (when asking s.o. to do
stg.) ; -k’erem kirin = (in polite speech) to be so
kind as to, to deign, to condescend to do stg.:
• K’erem [bi]kin = Please!; Come in!; Sit down!;
Help yourself! (said by host when serving
Mr
something) [cf. Ar tafaddal JT buyrun; P
befarma’id jJL \ Sor fermu^j«vi; Arm
hrammec‘ek‘ ^pinJ'j'hgt^]: *Kerem bikin,
geli mevana, peye bin (L) Please, O guests,
dismount! {also: [kerem] p^T(JJ); <kerem> p^T(HH)}
< Ar karam r ^T[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
kereng m./f(B/IFb) ( ; kereng [BK]/-e [B]).
wild artichoke (B); edible wild plant, cardoon, Bot.
Cynara cardunculus ; "large perennial plant related
to the artichoke and cultivated for its edible root
and leafstalks" (Webster): *Keleng he hi§k
nebuye, qivare [sic] we te xwarin (IFb) The
cardoon isn’t dry yet. and its stamen is [already]
being eaten [proverbial expression[ {also: keleng
(B/IFb-2); kenger (Dy/Srk/TG2/Mzr); k’engir
(K[s]/OK); [karang] JbJJ) = 'arbuste epineux’;
<kerenk> eh_>f(HH)} P kangar Jjf = 'prickly
artichoke, cardoon'; Sor kengir = 'artichoke';
Za kenger m. (Mai); cf. also W Arm gangar
guTuljum/gankar gumUqum = artichoke’; T
enginar = 'artichoke'; Gr kinara Kivdpcx/kynara
icuvdp CX[Dy/Srk/TG2/Mzr//K(sJ/OK//K/A/IFb/BK/JJ/GF/TF/Q
m§/I Ik//HI F//I31 <qivar>
kereste j of m. (-ye; ). material: -keresteyS
xav (GF) raw materials; -keristeye avayi (OK)
construction materials, [also: keriste (OK/VoA-
Barzan)} Cf. T kereste = 'lumber, timber'; Sor
keres[t]e jof= 'material, equipment’
[VoA/OK//K(s)/IFb/GF/TF]
k’ereti f. [ ;-ye). 1) stupidity; 2) donkey-like
• •
stubbornness, being or acting like a donkey,
asininity. {also: k’erayi II (B); k’erti II (K)} [A//B//K]
<k’er III>
k’ergah aI f. [ ;-e). embroidery frame, lace-
frame: *Eva bti gil §ev ft gil roj ez ji boy te
ser@ v@ p’ir§ rtini§time ser nexi§§ k’erge
(EP-7) I have sat on this bridge for 40 days and
nights for you, [working] on an embroidery frame.
{also: k’erge (EP-7)} Cf. P kargah T gergef
[EP-7//B]
308
K
k’erge aT,aT (EP-7) = embroidery frame. See k’ergah.
k’ergedan jaTj^T = rhinoceros; chesspiece. See
k’erkedan.
k’ergeden ^oj^dTfK/GF) = rhinoceros; chesspiece. See
k’erkedan.
k’ergedor j^j^aSGB) = rhinoceros; chesspiece. See
k’erkedan.
k’ergu = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’erguh Aj^aT m./f.(K) (). rabbit, hare, {also: k’ergu;
k’ergu (K[s]); k’ergu§k (K); kero§k (GF-2); kevro§k
(JB3/IFb-2/GF-2); k’ewor§k (A); kergo (RZ-2);
k’ergu[h] (B); k’ergu§k (Ag); k’ero§k (A/RZ-2);
k’eru§ik (A); keru§k (SK); kerwi§k (RZ-2): k’evro§k;
k’ewri§k, f. ( ;-e) (FK-eb-1); k’ewru§k (K/F); k’iwi§k
(B§k); kiro$k (IFb-2); [kiwroujk] (H);
<kevro§k> (HH)) < k’er = 'donkey' + guh =
’ear[s]', cf. Mid P xar-gos (M3); P xargiis Sot
kerwe§k A57kewre$k Jbo^AT[Smneh]; Za
arwe§ (Todd/Mal)/hargu§ (Mai) in.; Hau hewre§e m.
(M4). See 1. The “Hare” in Pahlavi in: H.W.
Bailey. “Three Pahlavi Notes,” Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society (1931). 424-25.
[IFb/GF/RZ//K/F//A//
SK //JB3//HH//B//JJ//Ag//I3$k] <xirnaq>
k’ergu ^T;aT(K[s]) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’ergu§k vT(K) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kefik I JjoT [lFb/GF/TF/Kzl/Bw]/kerik I Jjof
V
[BX/HH/OK/TF-2/Bw-2] f (•ka; ). name for
various unripe fruits: 1) unripe fig(s) (BX/TF):
•Adeten hav d hapiran, kerik xwe§tir in ji
hejiran (BX) [II] the customs of the ancestors [will
it], unripe figs are better than ripe ones Jprv.j; 2)
unripe grapes (Kzl). {also: <kerik> j) ^T(HH))
[IFb/GF/TF/Kzl/Bw//BX/HH/OK] <harsim; hejir>
kerik II Jjtyf m./f.(K/B) (-e/-a; /-§). 1) earlobe
(F/IF); 2) | syn: guh} ear (Bg/IFb); inner ear (B):
-kefika guh (B) inner ear. [Bg/F/K/B/IFh]
keriste (OK/VoA) = material. See kereste.
k’erixin vi. (-k’erix-). to be or get sick
and tired of, be fed up with (Msr/A/IF); to have an
aversion to stg. (JJ); to be disgusted by stg. (A); to
have an aversion to food from eating too much
(HH): «Ez kerixim (Msr) I’ve had it! {also:
*k’erxin (A); [kerikhin] £*i^T(JJ); <kerixin
(dikerixi) .Jj )> (HH)} Cf. Ar kariha = 'to
hate' [Msr/IFh/JJ/HH/GF//A]
keri I ^jaT m. ( ; keri). piece, part: -keri kirin =
••
to cut or divide into parts or pieces, {also: ker III;
<keri> ^^^(HH)} (syn; p’ar II; pari) [Z- 921 /K/B/HH]
See also ker I. <be§ I>
keri II ^jaT m. (-ye; keri). large flock or herd (of
• «
sheep or goats) (K); small flock or herd (of sheep
or goats) (B): •Her keriki pez fa se-gar seed
gurex derdik’etne gole (Ba2:l, p.203) With
every flock of sheep, 3-4 sheepdogs would go out
to the wilderness »Min hil buye t’oz u xubara
van keriyaye (Z-l) ?The dust of these flocks [of
sheep] rose up (over) me: -keri£d pez (Ba2)
flocks of sheep; -keriki mi (Haz) a flock of sheep
(ewes) ; -keriki berx (Haz) a flock of lambs;
-keri-sdri (F) flock, herd: *Awqa mal, zer,
zive te heye, keri suriye te heye (FK-kk-1)
You have so much wealth—gold and silver, so
many herds, {also: <keri> CS ^T(HH)} (syn; col; suri;
xar II) [Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/TF/OK/Haz/BKl <bif I[4];
celeb II; mi I; pez; raf; fevo = qefle>
keri III ^ATfK/IFb) = deafness. See kefayi.
• 9
k’erkedan/kerkedan q\ jaSOaTju. (). 1) rhinoceros;
2) a chess piece: knight?: «Reya ku fll d
kerkedan ku hatin (MC-1) The way the bishop
and [knight?] were going (in a chess game), {also:
k’ergedan; k’ergeden (K/GF); k’ergedor (B);
<kerkedan> aSTS'IHH)} Skt khadga.dhenu f.
< ’sword’ + ’milch cow' — > P kargedan Q^fjilkaig
Jf —> Ar karkaddan/karkadann & T
gergedan; Sor kerkeden ^ojaSSaT^ 'rhinoceros;
unicorn' [MC-l/A/IFb/HH//K/GF//B] <feris [2]; fil
[2]; k’i§ik; rex II>
kerkon ( j^ATm. (-e; ). rag, piece of felt (JJ):
•kerkone fe§ (MC-1) black cloth, [also:
[kerkoun] ( jjS^T(JJ)} (syn; kevnik [2]; perok; p’ag’ II
& p’ag[’]ik: p’ate II; p’ine) [MC-1//JJ] <kulav>
k’erm«e *+jd!fm./f(B) ( ; /*e). dried cow dung (IF);
cake or lump of pressed dung used as fuel (K/IF);
manure of large domestic animals such as cows and
bulls (cf. fix) (Ag). {also: <kerme> a^ 5" (HH)}
[Ag/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF] <bi§kul/pi§kul ; g’ert; deve
II; guhur; ke§kdr; peyin; qelax; fix; sergin; sergo;
seklot; t’epikll; ter§ [2]; t’ert[ik]; zibil; zirig>
k’erm§§ f (-a;-§). several types of insect: 1)
(syn; pe$i II} mosquito (Msr); small, mosquito-like
insect [T iivez] (IF); midge, large mosquito [Fr
cousin] (JJ); type of noxious mosquito (HH); 2)
309
K
gadfly, horse-fly (K/B): t@ bihna pis tev av
ft dfllop / Tev m§§ fl kelmd§ p£§i diipi§k
(Cxn-2:412) A bad smell comes from it, with
dripping water / With flies and gadflies, mosquitoes
and scorpions; 3) wasp, hornet (K/A). {also:
keleme§ (lFb-2); kelme§ (IFb-2/GF-2); [ker-mich]
JL. Jf (JJ); <kerme§> J. (HH)] < k’er = 'donkey'
+ me§ = ’fly'; cf. P xarmagas {J X^^
[Msr/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] <me§; moz>
kef obi tyijoS' (SK) = cherub. See kerubi.
kero§k J(GF) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’erpig’ (K/GF) = brick. See k’elpig.
k’erpinc (B) = brick. See k’elpig.
kerpug (OK) = brick. See k’elpig.
kersil J(Bw/JJ) = donkey dung. See serkul.
kefti I ^yj^TtB/K) = deafness. See kerayi.
k’erti II K) = stupidity; stubbornness. See
k’ereti.
kertol Jjp‘j^(JB3/IFb/TF) = potato. See kartol.
kertibi m. Q. cherub (pi.: cherubim): «Bi
deng hiseke efstini re hew ditiye ko
kerubiyek li pe§ wi sekiniye. Bi erdeki
kej fi spi, bi dirfivSn zarokeki bilye, gep ft
rast§ bi bask btine (Tof, 12) He scarcely
noticed that a cherub was standing before him,
with a magical voice and feeling. Blond and fair in
one place, with the looks of a child, she had wings
on her left and right sides *We kerobi ne, ko
melekSt 'ezab£ ne, we rohani ne, ko
melekdt TeKmetS ne (SK C5) And there are the
cherubim, wbo are the angels of punishment, and
the spiritual ones, who are the angels of mercy.
{also: kerobi (SK)) < Ar karubl - 'cherub,
archangel' < Heb keruv 31“1D [Tof//SK] <melek>
kervan ^I^aS^F) = caravan. See k’arvan.
k’erwan aT (B) = caravan. See k’arvan.
*k’erxin ^jaT(A) = to be sick and tired of. See
k’erixin.
k’es/kes [B] ^aT m . (-£;-i). 1) {syn: nefer; zat)
person; 2) (syn; bejnek; hinek) someone; anyone;
3) [+ neg.] nobody, no one; not anyone: # Ew£
nedixast rilyfi keseki bibine (Ba) She didn't
want to see anyone’s face ^Go ne ew be, kes
nikare (L) If he can’t, no one can •Kesek li
wan dera tune (L) There is no one there «Kesi
dey ne kir (L) No one responded «Ne ew ne
keski din (L) Neither he nor anyone else «Wi§ie
tiri li hindawfi r£kan Ketta n£ziki zistanS
dima. Kes nediw£ra dest biket £ (SK 51:554)
Bunches of grapes would remain (hanging) above
the roads until nearly winter. Nobody dared to
touch them, {also: [kes ^^f/kes-ek <*LS\ (JJ); <kes>
(HH)) Cf. P kas U S; Sor kes ^aT = 'person;
anybody'; Za kes = 'person; someone; no one'
(Mai) [K/A/JBl-A&S //B/JB3/IFb/]J/HH/SK/GF/TF) <filan>
kesaneti ^'a^LaT/. (-ya;-ye). personality; character,
• a
strength of character: *Div£ ku hunermend
xwedi kesanetiyeke pir zelal be (Wit 2:73,
p.ll) An artist must possess a pure character •Em
dixwazin kesanetiy£ di jinan de biafirinin
(Wit 1:35, p.16) We want to instill character in
women, {also: kesayeti (VoA); kesiti (IFb/GF))
[(neol)Wlt//VoA//IFb/GF] <§exsiyet>
kesayeti ^ ajLaT (VoA) = personality. See kesaneti.
■ a
k’eser ja^aT/ (-a;-e). 1) |syn: axin; Kezing) sigh; 2)
{syn: cefa; k’eder; k’erb; kovan; kul I; §ayi§; xem;
xiyal [2]) grief, distress; regret; sadness (JB3):
•Riwi got, ’’Wexte ko ez u to wekfa
digeryayn gelek mehebbeta min hebti der-
Keqq gawet te. Eger te hind musa’ede
kiriba, pigek stukira xo ke§aba p£§ gawet
min ft careki di di-p£§ mirina xoda min
gawet te ditibana, pa§i bila ez miribam, da
di dile minda nebit e keser” (SK 2:15) The
fox said, "When you and I used to go about
together I had a great affection for your eyes. If you
would be so kind as to stretch your neck a little in
front of my eyes so that I could see your eyes once
again before my deatb, then let me die, there
would be no regret in my heart" «Xec£, tu bi we
k’eserS ku pe dik’ali u dinali, niha
nezike, ne dtire (IS-#271) Khej, you and your
grieving! The one you are 'moaning and groaning'
about is nearby, he is not far off. < Ar kasr -
'fraction, breaking' [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF]
k’esidandin vt. (-k’esidin-). 1) to pickle,
preserve in brine: -isot£n kesidandi (WM 1:[25],
p.6) pickled peppers; 2) to preserve meat for the
winter (HH/GF/IFb). {also: <kesidandin jjJ
(dikesidine) (HH)) [WM/A/iFb/HH/GF/TF]
<qeli>
310
k’esib ad/. { syn: feqir; xizan! poor, destitute; 2)
[/n. ().] pauper, [ also: k’esiv (Z-921)} cf. Az T
kasyb = poor' <Ar kasib = ’winner; earner,
provider’; Sor kasib ^JS' = 'tradesman' Ik’esibayi;
k’esib[t]i; k’esivayi; k’esiv[t]i) [F/K/B//Z-921]
k’esibayi (B) = poverty. See k’esibti.
k’esibi C5 ~~*aT(B/K) = poverty. See k’esibti.
k’esibti C5 ^ r ^<*T f. ( ;-yd). poverty. I also: k’esibayi
(B-2); k’esibi (B-2/K); k’esivayi (B-2); k’esiv[t]i (B-
2)) [sjm; xizani) [K/B] <k’esib>
kesiti L5 x^^(IFb/GF) = personality; character. See
kesaneti.
k’esiv (Z-921) = poor. See k’esib.
k’esivayi ^UL^aT (B) = poverty. See k’esibti.
k’esivi (B) = poverty. See k’esibti.
k’esivti c jJL r ~<*S' (B) = poverty. See k’esibti.
k’esk c-JL of adj. green (Ad/K/A/JB3); dark green (B).
[also; [kesk] <kesk> d-*f(HH)} [syn: he§in
[1]) (keskani; k’eskayi; [keski] C JLS{]])}
[Ad/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
keskan ^lSL,AT(SK/OK/Zeb) = terebinth. See kezan.
keskani ^ISLaT (JB3/IFb) = greenness. See k’eskayi.
••
k’eskayi ^IsGaT f. (). greenness; verdure, {also:
keskani (JB3/IFb); [keski] C JLS(J])} [syn; he§inati)
[K/A/GF/TF//JB3/IFb//JJ] <k’esk>
k’eskesor jJ^aS^aT f. ( ;-e). rainbow, [also: k’eskusor
(A); [keske-sor] aCT(JJ); <keskesor> J r *fL£
(HH)) {syn: kerestun] < k'esk = green’ [+ li = ’and’]
+ sor = 'red'; = Sor kolke»zerine
[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//A]
k’eskusor = rainbow. See k’eskesor.
kesktiyi adj. pattern of bergtiz material:
4 a
purple with green undertones. [Bw] <bergiiz>
kesnediti I pattern of berguz
material : monochrome (ekreng) violet/purple
(worn by Christians [Fileh]). [Bw] <berguz>
k’esper ja^aS" adj. blue-eyed: -gav kesper (Xrz) do.
[Xrz/A/IFb]
k’e§e-k’e§ j^aT a^aT(K[s]) = fight; scandal. See
ke§meke§.
ke§k/k’e§k [A] JLaT mJf(B) (-6/ ; /-§). dried
cheese made of curds or skimmed milk, rolled into
balls: •Hawine ke§ket wan li serban@t re§-
malan ft keprokan ft xaniyan direwSm,
dixom (SK-I:3) In summer I snatch their
buttermilk, (drying) on the roofs of tents and
bough-huts and houses, and eat it. I also: [kechk]
JjS* CJJ); <ke§k> JjS (HH)) {syn: gortan) Mid P ka§k
= 'dried buttermilk' (M3); P kask JjtS* = 'dried,
condensed whey’; Sor ke§k JL'dried curds';
Hau ke§ki /. = ’dried buttermilk’ (M4)
[SK/Bw/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/OK] <§irej>
ke§kel*e aJ f. ( ;*e). magpie, zool. Pica pica :
•...Eger ke§kele bit §arezakare qewmi, de
r&beriya wan ket bo reket helaki (SK 4:43) If
the magpie becomes the guide of a people, he will
lead them along the roads of destruction; -Wek
ke§kele ye (Zeb) [He] is very skinny (cf. ’as thin
as a rail’), {also: ke^kelene (IFb)l {syn: qijik [4]) Sor
qi^qere = ’magpie’ [SK/Zeb//IFb]
ke^kelene ^ aJi&aT(IF b) = magpie. See ke§kele.
• •
ke§kftr (). dried cow dung (as a fuel) : -lod§
ke§kuran (IF) I syn: qelax; sergo] pile of dried
manure cakes. ( syn: k’erme; sergin] Cf. W Arm
ksgur q^mp [IFb] <k’erme; qelax; sergin; t’epik
II>
k’e§mek’e§ j:aTa^aT f. (-a; ). fight, brawl:
• [Miqdare penc ft §e§ deqiqan bi vi terzi
ke§meke§a wan dibe] (JR) For five or six
minutes their fight is like this (=they fight like this).
I also: k’e£e-k’e§ (K[s])l [ syn: cerenix; cure; de’w II;
doz; gelem§e; k’e§e) Cf. P kesmekes T
ke§meke§ = ’great confusion, disorder’ [JR/K(s)]
ke§t ow^AT(IFb) = ship. See ke§ti.
ke§ti f. (). ship, boat, {also: ke^t (IFb); [ki§ti]
( jjS (JJ)} [syn: gemi} Mid P kastig (M3); P ka§H
C5 ^r, Sor ke§ti ^aT[K( s)/JB3/JJ/GF/TF//IFb]
• •
<belem>
ke§xe adj. 1) [syn; law [4]] fine, nice, pretty;
neat, smart, chic, fancy (Bw/OK/Hej); 2) [£ ().]
elegance, {also: <ke§xe> aS^-aT(H ej)) <Clq. Iraqi Ar
kasxa = 'fine, impressive, sharp; bragging 1 <Vk-§-x
[kisax] = ’to show off, boast; (with b-) to waste,
squander’ [Bw/JB 1-S/GF/OK/Hej]
ket o of m./f.(K/B) (-e/; /-e). type of clover [T
yonca], bot. Trifolium, {also: <ket>^r(HH)}
[Wn/K/IFb/B/HH/GF] <nefel>
ketav (Sim) = farcy. See ketew.
ketew/k’etew [B] 3 aJaT/. ( respiratory ailment
of horses and donkeys, farcy, {also: ketav (Sim);
[ketevi] ^^TQJ); <ketew>^^T(HH); <ketew
3 *0«v57kedew 3 oJAS> (Hej)) [Elk/IFb/B/HH/Hej//JJ//Slm]
k’etewi ^ m • Q. horse or donkey afflicted with
farcy, {also: [ketevi] ^TQJ)} [Elk/IFb/JJ]
311
K
ketik cJb*r(GF/OK/Zeb) = dried figs. See kitik I.
k’etin vi. (-k’ev-/-k’ew-[Dz]J. 1) [syn: we§in)
to fall: -agir k’etin = to catch fire: *£iqas
xirabye biki, agir be’re nak’ewe (Dz) No
matter how much evil you do, the sea won't catch
on fire [prv.]\ -ber fk-e , ft-t k’etin (XF): a) to
think, experience, be excited about; b) to be sick
(at heart) over, to worry, feel sorrow, be concerned
about: *Ez ber te nak’evim, ez ber we yeke
dik’evim, ko t’ext u t’ace bave te bexuyi
... mano (Z-2) I don’t grieve for you, I grieve
because your father's crown and throne have
become ownerless (i.e., he has no heir); -ber
pirka ketin (L) to give birth, be in childbed [lit.
'to fall before the midwives']; -ber xwe k’etin =
to be depressed or sad: *'Eyan u k’ubare
§eher£ M.-§ 11 Al-p’a§ava geleki berxwe
k’etin bona Mem§ (Z-l) The nobles of the city
M. and Al-Pasha were very sad about [what
happened to] Mem; -bi dh fk-e k’etin = to go
after, go in search of, set out after: *Bi dd wan
k’et - She set out after them; -bin poze fk-e
k’etin (Dz) to catch the scent or smell of, to smell
stg.: *Ni§keva bina k’ivava k’ete poze wan
(Dz) Suddenly they smelled kebabs [lit. ’tbe smell
of kebabs fell to their noses']; -k’etin nava hev
(IFb) to be scrambled, get all mixed up: *Rabirdu
ti niha ketine nav hev (MUs, p.8) The past and
present have gotten all mixed up; -k’etin sere
fk-e = to make sense to s.o.; to convince: *Box
ew gill got, k’ete sere gur (L) The ox said
these words, they made sense to the wolf
^convinced or persuaded him) *Xeberen te
nak’evin ser§ min (K) Your words make no
sense to me; -ya xwe k’etin (XF) to grow old (of
people) : *Ez ti diya teva idi ya xwe k’etine
(Z-l) Your mother and I have grown old; 2) {syn;
tek’etin) to enter, get in: *Ewi ... kete hindure
tate (L) He entered the rock: *£var§ kur k’etne
nava ciya (Ba) In the evening the boys got in bed
•Kete qul§ (L) It entered its hole; 3) to undertake
(task), hold (a strike): *Li girtigehen (Janakkale
... y@ zedeyi 100 girtiyen siyasi bi
mebesta protest[o]kirina §ert H pest§n
idareyS ketin greva birgibOnS (Wit 2:59, p.5)
In the prisons of £anakkale [et al.] more than 100
political prisoners held a hunger strike with the aim
of protesting the [bad] conditions and oppression of
[=at the hands of] the authorities, [also: keftin (M);
k’eftin (M-Am); [ketin Q^of/kewtin q. -jj*T] (JJ);
<ketin ^ycT(dikeve) C(HH)) [Pok. kob- 610.)
'to suit, fit, succeed': O Ir *kap- (Tsb 38): Mid P
kaftan (kaf-) = 'to fall' (M3); Sor kewtin
^j<*T(-kew-); Za kewna [kewti§] (Todd); Hau
kewtey (gin-) vi. (M4); cf. also Eng hap in: mishap,
happy, happen. See M. Schwartz’ review of H.W.
Bailey. "Indo-Scythian Studies," in: JAOS, 89, ii
(1969), 445-46; also, H.W. Bailey “Missa
Suppletum,” BSOAS 21 (1958), 43 ff. [K/A/JB3/
IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//M] <avetin; xistin>
k’etin pe§ (IFb) = to advance; advancement.
See pe§k’etin.
kevan m./f.(B) (-e/ ; /-e). 1) bow, arch
(K/A/JB3/IF/BK); violin bow (IF): -tir 0 kevan
(BX) bow and arrow; 2) Sagittarius (astr.). [also:
kuvan I (BK); [kiwan] jlaf (JJ); <kevan> ^UTfHH)]
[Pok. kam-er- 524.] 'to bend; a vault’: Skt kmarati =
'is crooked'; Av kamara f. = 'belt; *vault, arch’; Mid
P kaman = ’bow’ (M3); P/Ar kaman jLT = ’bow’ &
kamar^*r= ’waist, girdle, stg. arched'; Sorkewan
'(archer’s) bow, carder’s bow, Sagittarius';
Za kemane m. = ’bow’; Hau keman m. = ’bow’ (M4)
cf. also Lat camur(us) = 'bent inward, concave'; Gr
kamara Kcxpapcx = Vault’
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//BK] <j£h; tir I>
kevani (-ya;-ye). 1) [syn: bermali]
housewife: *Jin kevaniya male ye (AB)
Woman is the manager of the house; 2) wife; a
polite way to refer to s.o.’s wife (Bw): *Kewaniya
xwe ya ciwan dide keleka xwe u ji bajare
D'e hedi hedi ber bi bakur dajo (Lab, 6) He
puts his pretty wife at his side and slowly drives
north from the city D. [also: kebani
(Bw/IFb/GF/TF/OK); kewani (IFb-2); <kebani>
^LTCHH)) cf. P kadbanujjL ji"= 'matron, mistress
of house, housewife'; Sor kaban ^LLykeybanu
j*3lo«*r= 'head wife in polygamous establishment,
housewife' [AB/K/A/B//IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bw]
<jin; pirek>
kevging (A) = spoon. See k’efgi.
kevgi (A)/kevg’i (B/HR-I)/k’evgi (F) = spoon. See
k’efgi.
312
K
kevel JasaT(IF b/GF) = animal skin or hide. See kevil.
kevezan q) 221 . (-e; ). stick: *Wexteke Ki§yar
bti bala xwe dae kevezane deste wi t’une,
virdda kevezan, weda kevezan, xer,
kevezan nedit (Abbasian #4:143) When he
awoke he noticed that his stick was missing; he
began to look for the stick [lit. 'here stick, there
stick'], but no, he could not find the stick, [svn;
gopal; metreq; §iv[dar]f < W Arm kavazan
(gavazan) q.wiLwq.iuL = 'stick' [Rwn/Abbasian]
k’evgir (EP-7/K/B) = ladle; strainer. See k’efgir.
kevil fJm.(Rnh) ( /-e; ). (animal) skin, hide,
pelt (K[s]/JB3/M-Ak); sheepskin (IF); hair (of
animal) (JB3): •kevileke merez (M-Ak) goat’s
pelt, (also; kevel (IFb/GF-2); kewl (K[s]); [kewil]
(JJ); <kevel> JiS" (HH)} Cf. Sor kewl JjaC
[M/JB3/JJ/GF/Bw//IFb/HH//K] <k’unk; me§k;
p’ost>
kevin (JB3/TF) = old (of things) . See kevn.
kevir m . (-e; kevir, vi keviri). 1) [syn: ber II:
kug’} rock, stone; large rock las opposed to ber II
= small stone , rock) (Bw/Zeb): •Hemi neqi§andi
ye bi kevire mermer (L) It was all inlaid with
marble [stones]; -Nige fk-e kevira nek’eve
(XF) May s.o. not encounter obstacles [lit. 'May
s.o.'s foot not hit against a rock'] \also: Nige fk-e
kevir-kug’ika nek’eve!): • Linge hespe wi
kevir dik’eve (Z-2) His horse's foot hit against
rocks [or came across obstacles]; 2) checker, disk
used in the game of checkers or backgammon [cf.
T ta§]: *Ciqas Meme kevir datine, Bek’o
kevire wi hiltine (Z-2) Beko picked up every
checker that Meme put down. I also: [kewir] ^T(JJ);
<kevir> ^iT(HH)) [Pok. 2. ak- 18.] 'sharp; stone':
Skt asman- m. = 'rock, cliff; heaven'; Av asman- =
'stone; heaven’; OP asman- = 'sky, heaven': [more
*
under 'ezman I); Za kemer m. = 'rock, stone’ &
kemere f. = 'rock, cliff (Mai); Hau kemer m. =
'rock' (M4); cf. also Gr akmon (XKpwv = anvil'; Lith
as mu 6, -ehs = 'sharpness' & akmuo, -ehs = stone';
OCS kamy, -ene & Rus kamen" KaMeHb = 'stone’;
Old Norse hamarr = 'cliff, crag; hammer ( originally
stone implement)’; Eng & Germ Hammer. See: M.
Schwartz. “The Old Eastern Iranian World View
according to the Avesta,” in: The Cambridge
History of Iran (Cambridge, Eng. : Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1985), v. 2, p. 642; J. Peter Maher.
“*H a ekmon: ‘(Stone) Axe 5 and ‘Sky 5 in I-E/Battle-
Axe Culture,” Journal of Indo-European Studies, 1,
iv (1973), 441-62; reprinted in his Papers on
Language Theory and History , I (Amsterdam : John
Benjamins, 1977), pp.85-106.
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] cbixur; dame;
'ezman I; lielan; sel; tat; xig’ik>
keviri L c±J*S'adj. made of rock or stone,
kevirkan m. (). sling for throwing stones.
[also: kevirkani, f.(K)/m.(AD) (K/GF/AD); kevkani,
f. (Tof); kewkani, m. ( ; kewkeni) (B)f
[Efr//K/GF/AD//Tof//B]
kevirkani f.(K)/m.(AD) (K/GF/AD) = sling. See
• •
kevirkan.
kevi I f. (-ya;-ye). 1) ( syn ; k’elek; p’er [4]}
edge, rim; lip or edge of jug (HH); 2) [syn: bar II;
perav) shore, bank (of river) : *Wexte mir di
keviya gem§ mezin de hate ku§tin
Heyzebun ewgend giriya bu ko jinmir bi
xwe hestiren xwe dimali§tin ti li ber dil§
ceriye dida (Rnh 3:23, p.5) When the emir was
killed on the banks of the big river, Heyzebun
cried so much that the emir’s wife herself wiped
away her own tears and consoled the servant girl.
I also: <kevi> (HH)) [SW/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/
GF/TF] <ti I>
kevi Il/k’evi [A] Jiof f. (-ya; ). patches of
• •
unmelted snow left after the thaw: -keviya befre
(Bw/OK) do. [also: kevire§ (GF); kewi II (TF); [kavi]
cS ^T(JJ); <kevi> ^(HH)) [Bw/Zeb/A/IFb/JJ/HH/OK//
CF//TF] <berf; zivistan>
keving (-a; ). kerchief or kaffiyeh which
Kurdish men wrap around their head, (syn;
cemedani; dersok; p’o§i; §emil) [Zx]
kevire? (GF) = snow left after the thaw. See
kevi II.
kevjal J )j3oS'f. (). 1) crab, zool. Brachyura ; 2)
Cancer (astrj. [also: kevjinik (B); kevjnik (OK);
keying (IFb-2); kevjal (TF); [kiwjal Jl jiS7kgvznik
Jjy&l (JJ)) Pahl klcng [karcang/karzang]; Mid P
kyrzng; P xardang J^>i7kal<*ang Sor qirjal
Jlj-^’/qirjang Hau qirjangi f (M4). K and JJ
give incorrect meanings: K ’*duck'; JJ '*turtle;
*shrimp; crab' [K/IFb/GF//JJ//TF//B//OK]
kevjinik Jjjs’aT(B) = crab. See kevjal.
kevjnik ctLpj(OK) = crab. See kevjal.
kevkani ^t53 aT, f. (Tof) = sling. See kevirkan.
313
K_
kevlfi. J ^i3A57 cS5 Ji'^ £ (-ya; ). 1) lull or break in the
rain (Zeb): «Eger kevlfiyek bikevite baran§,
em d§ gin (Zeb) If there is a break in the rain, we
will go; 2 ) {syn; delive; derfet; fesal; firset; k’es)
opportunity, chance (SK/Zeb): «Hi§yar bin, gak
bizanin, ferset§ fewt neken. Taze kewllya
hingo hatiye (SK 57:678) Awake, therefore, and
be sure not to miss the opportunity. Your chance
has come at last •Suto zani kewli heye ko
Teto bilebinit (SK 61:768) Suto knew that there
was a chance to fool Teto; 3) {syn: kalume) old,
rusty knife (Zeb/Hej). {also: kewli (SK): <kevlo>
(Hej)l [Zeb//Hej//SK]
kevn Q34S*adj. old (of things) : •hevale kevn (B) an
old friend (as opposed to a new friend: an aged or
elderly friend would be hevale kal) •k’ince
kevn (B) old clothes; -kevnek jina (L/Z- 2 ) some
woman: # Ji bona xatird kevnek jina te xwe
xistiye vi hall (L) Because of some woman you
are in this [bad] state «ji bona kevneke jineye
(Z- 2 ) for some woman’s sake; -kevn bun (B) to
grow old (of things) ; -kevn kirin (B) to make old
(of things), tenu) [also: kemn (Kg); kevin (JB3/TF);
kewn (IF-2/SK); [kewin] ^iY(JJ); <kevin> ^
(HH)) O Ir *kafna-: Mid P kahwan (M3); Parthian
kfwn; P kohne & kohan (jg\ Sor kon Za
kehen (Mai); Hau kone (M4). O Ir *kafna- related
to *kap- = 'to fall’ (Tsb 38) [old = falling apart] See
M. Schwartz’ review of H. W. Bailey. "Indo-
Scythian Studies," in: JAOS, 89, ii (1969), 445-46.
(kevnahi; kevnayi) [K/A/lFb/B/HH/GF//jB 3 /JJ/TF//Kg|
cixtiyar; kal I; pir>
kevnahi (K) = oldness. See kevnayi.
kevnar jLi'<*Y(K[s]/A/JJ) = decrepit, worn out. See
kevnare.
kevnare o jLsaS*adj. 1 ) decrepit, broken down, worn
out (K[s]/A/JJ); antique, old (JB3/IF/JJ); 2 ) dried up
(of plants) (K[s]). {also: kevnar (K[s]/A); [kewnar]
jLJT(JJ)} [Z-2/JB3/IF//K(s)/A/JJ] <kevn>
kevnati ^ UaT (GF) = oldness. See kevnayi.
*■
kevnayi ^LSaT/. Q. oldness, antiquity, old age (of
things), {also: kevnahi (K-2); kevnati (GF))
[K/A/IFb/TF//GF] <kevn>
kevne§op Q. tradition; custom: •Gelo di
kevne§opiy§n we de ev ti§tekl normal e
ku di meclisa we de qomiteyen wiha t§n
lidarxistin? (Wit 1:37, p.16) According to your
traditions, is it normal in your national assembly
for such committees to be formed? { also: kevne§opi
(IFb/Wlt-2)) {syn: c adet) [(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF]
kevne§op! adj. 1 ) traditional; customary:
• •
•Siyaseta pirraniya Islamvanen kevne§opi,
xelet e (Wit 1:49, p.16) The policy of the
majority of traditional Islamists is misguided; 2 ) [f.
().] (IFb/Wlt) = tradition. See kevne§op.
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF]
kevnik f.(Z-3)/m. (B/IF) (-a/-e; ). 1 ) {syn:
destmal) handkerchief (Z-3/Z-1366); 2 ) {syn:
kerkon; perok; p’ag’ II & p’ag[’]ik; p’ate II; p’ine)
rag; old things, old clothes (K/B).
[Z-3/K/A/IFb/B/GF] <k’efi>
kevodk = pigeon, dove. See kevok.
kevok f. (-a;-e). pigeon, dove, zool. Columba
livia: -kevotka 'edilayd (B) the dove of peace;
-pirepire kevoka (L) the fluttering of doves.
{also: kevodk; kevot II (Ms); kevotk (K/B); kewotk
(Z-l); [kewouk] ^(JJ); <kevok> J^(HH)) Cf.
Mid P kabk, P kabud j^/kabutar Sor kotir
_P3r[Z-l//K/B//JB3/IFb/HH/GF/TF/Msr] <kew I>
kevot I f. ( ;-e). maple tree, bot. Acer aceae,
Acer campestre (IFb/GF); boxwood, bot. Buxus
sempervirens (TF); tree from which wooden
spoons are made (IFb/HH/GF). {also: <kevot> o$iT
(HH)) Sor kewt 03 ^= ’maple (tree)'
[Bw/IFb/HH/GF/TF/Hej [
kevot II oJ3aT(Ms) = pigeon, dove. See kevok.
kevotk (K/B) = pigeon, dove. See kevok.
kevro§k (JB 3/IFb) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’evtar m. (k’evter) (B) = hyena. See k’eftar.
k’evz f. (-a;-e). moss, bot. Musci ; water moss:
-k’evz girtin (B) to be[come] overgrown with
moss (of rocks) . {also: kefzer (IFb- 2 ); kevze (IF);
kevze (Btm [Hatliatke]); [keouz j^kefz (JJ);
<kefz>«57kez y5> (HH)) {Btm [Hatfiatke]//IFb//
K/A/B/GF/TF//JJ/HH]
kevze (IF) = moss. See k’evz.
kevze (Btm [Hatliatke]) = moss. See k’evz.
kew 1 m./f.(B) (-e/ ; k§w/-§). partridge, zool.
Perdix perdix : -kewe ner/n£rekew = male
partridge; -kewa m£/m@kew = female partridge.
{also: kew§ing, f. (B-2); [keou]^5^ (JJ); <kew>^T(HH))
Cf. Mid P kabk; Sor kew ’hill-partridge’
*
314
/
/
K
[BX/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] < c ebdal;
kevok; k’erasu; por I; qebin; ribat>
kew lljafadj. 1) \syn: bor I[l]; boz; cun I; gewr [l]}
grey/gray (color of sheep's coat) : -miya kew (B)
grey ewe; 2) \syn: he§in) blue (IFb/JJ). \also: [kew ]£
CJJ)} Sor kewj^r= ’blue' [S&E/K/IFb/JJ/B]
kewal JIjaT f.(OK)/pl.(Bw) Q. small number or small
flock of sheep and goats (as opposed to pez = a
large flock): *Me gend kewalek yet heyn (Bw)
We have a few sheep, [also: <keval> JU^fHej))
[Bw/OK/Dli//Hej] <pez>
k'ewandin jjjhjcvT vt. (-k’ewin-). 1) to cauterize; 2)
(syn : dax kirinj to brand (cattle), {also: [kevandin]
^ <kewandin ^^^(dikewine)
(HH)1 <Ar Vk-w-y = 'to burn, cauterize'
>
[Qzl/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
kewani ^IjATflFb) = (house)wife. See kevani.
••
kewar 3 \ 3 <S f./m.(L) (-a/-e;-e/). 1) {syn: selme§k)
beehive, -kewara me§a (IFb-2)/kewara me§an
(JB3-2)/kewar£ me§an (L)/keware hingivi (L)
{also: kewarme§ (Haz-2)1 do.; 2) bin (of clay, filled
from the top with opening at bottom): small silo for
storing animal fodder, corn-bin: *Pa§i mi§k hate
p§§, got cuhal ft hemban ft kuwaran ji
didirinim ft bi kun dikem (SK 1:7) Then the
mouse came forward and said, ’...I tear and make
holes in sacks and bags and corn-bins, [also: kuwar
(SK); [kouvar] JJ); <kuwar> \S (HH)) <Arc
kevarta (korta) XmiD & Syr korta ltsoo. 2 >: P
kavare o/ gavare Ar kuwarah 6j\S-
'beehive’; Sor kuwar j)jf= kendu^Ju^T^ ’bin (of
earthenware, gen. filled from top with opening at
bottom; Za kuwari = ’honeycomb’ (Mai)
!Waz/K/|!33/IF!)/GF/OK/L//J)/IIHI <hingiv; me§; xilefe>
kewarme§ L yZ r * J \ 3 <S f. (). beehive, {also: kewar;
kewara me§a (IFb); kewara me§an (JB3-2)} (syn:
selme§k) [Haz//IFb//JB3]
kewde (GF) = troops, forces. See kewte.
kewer f. (). leek, bot. Allium porrum. {svn:
kurad) Sor kewer jojAT[K(s)/IFb/GF/OK/AF/AA]
kewgir ^ 3 <S (A) = partridge hunter. See kewgirvan.
k’ewgirf lS jf 3 *S' ad j. having burst into tears; about to
burst into tears (B): •Kelegiri k’efte hinava
(Zeb) He held back tears; -k’ewgiri bftn (B) to be
about to burst into tears, {also: kelegiri (Zeb);
kelegir! (IFb); kelegirini (Msr); k’elogri (FK-eb-2))
[Z-l/K/JB3/B//IFb//Zeb] <gir!n>
kewgirvan m. ()• partridge hunter, {also:
kewgir (A); <kewgir> ^J^T(HH)} [Bw//A//HH]
<kew I>
kewitandin vt. (-kewitin-). to cook the
outside surface only, roast (Zeb/Ak); to bring to the
boil, boil slightly (e.g., of beans [fasulye])
(Krb/Mdt). [syn: *zer vekirin (Frq))
[Zeb/Ak/Krb/Mdt]
kewkani m. ( ; kewkeni) (B) = sling. See
••
kevirkan.
kewkurd (IFb) = sulphur. See k’irgftd.
kewkurt m. (JB3) = sulphur. See k’irgftd.
kewl Jj«*r(K[s]) = animal skin or hide. See kevil.
kewli ^ 3 <& (SK) = opportunity. See kevlft[2].
kewn /^^(IF/SK) = old (of things) . See kevn.
k’ewor§k Jbj^^T(A) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kewotk [Z-l] = pigeon, dove. See kevok.
kewran j ! J3 of = caravan. See k’arvan.
k’ew§an : 3 *f in. (-e; k’ew§en). 1) {syn; hox)
ploughed field; sown area, area under crops: •Ew
digihijine k 5 ew§ane gund (Dz) They reach the
village’s ploughed fields; 2) countryside, rural area,
outskirts (JJ). {a/so; k’ew§en (K/B-2); [keouchen]
(JlS (JJ) 1 [Dz/B//K/JJ] <beyar; bor III; kat II;
k’irebe; zevi>
k’ew§en j<^j*r(K/B/JJ) = ploughed or sown field;
countryside. See k’ew§an.
kew§!ng f. (B) = partridge. See kew I.
k’ewt ojaT(K) = troops, forces. See kewte.
kewte <yj 3 af m. Q. troops, forces, army: *Duhi
tevdana kewte u sedmeran dom kiriye (RN)
Yesterday the movements of troops and companies
continued, {also: kewde (GF-2); k’ewt (K))
[RN/GF//K]
k’ewxwe ni. (). village chief or head, {also:
kefxwe (GF); k’uxa; [keou-khi] {syn:
k’eya; muxtar (K)l Cf. P katxoda Sor kw§xa
[koxa] UJ 5 T[S&E/K//JJ//GF] <gund>
kewzan (Hk) = terebinth. See kezan.
k’exbe (FK-eb-l) = woman’s garment. See
k’exbe.
k’exb»e m. (*6; ). type of woman’s overcoat
or garment: *Xwey@ k’exbS h@§fnim (Z-
l)/[Xweya] k’exb§ h@§friim (FK-eb-l) I own a
green (or blue) garment, {also: k’exbe (FK-eb-l);
?=k’ixme (K)} [Z-l//FK-eb-l//K]
315
K
k’eya L^Tm. Q. village chief or head: *6111 kone
k’eya digihine (Z-2) He arrived below the tent of
the village chief, {also: k’iya (Z-4); [kiia] LT(JJ);
<keya> LT(HH)) (syn; k’ewxwe; muxtar) Cf. T
kahya < P katxoda )A^T[Z-2/A/IFb/HH//JJ]
<gund>
keyandin *T(IFb/HH) = to churn. See k’ilan.
keyf ^.‘AT(JB3/IFb/HH) = pleasure, fun; condition,
state. See k’ef.
keyfxwa§i = happiness. See k’efxwe§i.
»»
keyfxwe§i (JB3) = happiness. See k’efxwe§i.
keyi (SK) = tame. See kedi.
••
keys ^ aT (IF)/k’eys (A) = opportunity, chance. See
k’£s.
kezan f. Q. terebinth, bot. Pistacia terebinthus,
the seeds of which are large and with hard shells (as
opposed to bemk/bewk, which are small and
with softer shells] (cf. Ar habb al-xadra’ cl
butm pkj}; nettle tree berry, honey berry, bot.
Celtis australis (T gitlembik, menengig) (CB). {also:
keskan (SK/OK-2/Zeb); kewzan (Hk); kezwan
(IFb/OK/CB/Kmc-2); kizwan (CB-2); qizban (IFb-2);
[kizvan/kezvan (PS)/kazuvan (G)] jlyXOJ);
<kezwan> j)jyT(HH)) { syn : §engel) Sor qezwan
Possibly from kesk = ’green', parallel with
Ar habb al-xadra’ (xadra’ = green)
[Bw//IFb/HH/OK/CB//JJ//Hk//SK/Zeb] <bemk>
k’ezaxtin jaT vt. (-k’ezex-). to prune, trim,
clip, lop off (of trees, vines, etc.), {also: kezixandin
(GF); <kezaxtin gpo-F^(dikezixtne)
(HH)) <Arc kesah F10I] = ’to cut down, clear (of
thorns, bushes, etc.), to trim’ & Syr kesah jjSbn = ’to
prune, esp. a vine, to lop 1 ; NENA kasikh (Old Syr)
= ’to prune, esp. vines ; to cut off the head of &
kasiikhta = ’pruning-knife, mason’s chisel' &
kasakha (Old Syr) = ’a primer’ (Maclean); =Sor
v
heHperdawtin
[Bw/K(s)/IFb/HH/OK//GF]
kezeb (-a;-e). 1) {syn: ceger[a re§]/cerg;
melak; pi§a re§) liver (K/JJ): -kezeba Te§
(IF/JB3/B) liver; 2) {syn: cegera spi; melak[a sor];
pi§a spi; sih I; =Sor sepelak) lungs (K/JB3): -
kezeba sipi (B) lungs; 3) {syn: hinav) internal
organs (K). {also: kezev (B-2); [gezeb]
<kezeb> v yT(HH)l Cf. Arc kavda XH2D & Syr
kavdo lorx^ = ’heaviness; liver [seat of anger and
melancholy]’: NENA koda (Maclean: listed as Old
Syr) = 'liver, bowels, entrails, heart’; Ar kibdah
= 'liver'; Heb kaved 123. [K/JB3/IF/B/HH//JJ]
<ceger; fatere§k; hinav; zirav II>
k’ezelik JUoj adv. immediately, on the spot: -bi
we k’ezelke (EH) thus, in that manner: # Bi w£
k’ezelke gede Key§te §evi ma cem qizike
(EH) In this fashion the fellow stayed with the girl
for eighty nights. <Ar kadalik JJ jf = 'thus, like
that' [EH//K]
kezev JoJaT(B) = liver. See kezeb.
kezixandin ^Ajlij^fGF) = to prune. See k’ezaxtin.
kezi of f. ( ;-ye). braid, plait, tress (of a girl's hair)\
curl, lock, ringlet: *Keziy£t we kigike §or
bibin di kel§a p’ire Ta (M-Zx #776) The girl’s
braids were hanging down through a crack in the
bridge, {also: [kezi] ^>T(JJ); <kezi> ^>T(HH)]
[Haz/K/A/IFb/B/JB3/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <bisk; gull I;
mu; p’or III; t’uncik>
kezik*e aCjaT f. ( • a; ). large vein in sheep's leg:
-kezika pezi (Trg) do. {also: <kezige> a52jaT(HH))
[Trg//Hej]
kezwan jljj^r(IFb/OK/HH/CB/Kmc-2) = terebinth. See
kezan.
keg’ f. (-a;-e). flea, zool. Siphonaptera : -keg 5
k’etine germ (IF) to become impatient, to be
itching to do stg., to have ants in one’s pants, {also:
[ketch] (JJ); <keg> (HH)) Mid P kayk (M3); P
keik JLi7kak JT; Sor keg Za keke/keki f. (Mai)
[Msr/F/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH] cgene; spi II>
k’e dere £f = where? See k’u dere, under k’u II.
• • • •
k’ef UlS f. (-a;-e). l) pleasure, fun, recreation: «Ji
kefa re beziya, hat male (L) Full of joy [lit.
’out of joy’] he ran home [lit. 'ran, came home’];
-K’efa te ye = It’s up to you: *Wacib me ya
fiel kiri, bele hemi me nehelkiriye. V£
care k’eyfa te ye, k’ane de tu gi li me key,
em t Kazir in (M-Am #717) We ... did our
homework, but we haven't done all of it. Now it's
as you please. We are ready for whatever you will
do to us; -k’etin k’efa duniaye (FK-eb-1) to
indulge in the pleasures of this world; -k’£f [d]
Kenek (EP) "fun and games"; euphemism for
lovemaking: *§ev ft ro Meme bire herema
xwe, xwera k’£f, lienek, xwerin <1 dain
dikirin (EP-1) Night and day she brought Mem to
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K
her private quarters, where they had fun, joked
and feasted; -k£fa fk-e ji bk-f Ta hatin (BX)/
kgfa fk-e bi bk-f hatin (Bw/Zeb) to please s.o.;
to like (rev. constr.) : *Her evar tu kefa me ji
di§kenini (L) Every evening you upset us too [lit.
'break our pleasure 1 ] *K§fa gavan hat (Lj The
cowherd was pleased *Kefa min je re te (BX) I
like it, it pleases me; 2) condition, state;
disposition, inclination: *Di gi kefe de ne (L)
What state are they in? How are they doing? {also:
keyf (JB3/IFb-2); [keif] oLT(JJ); <keyf> j
< Ar kayf o^[K/A/IFb/B/GF//JB3/JJ/HH]
kef§ing (IFb) = crab. See kevjal.
k’£fxwe§ (jio ^JCS'adj. happy, merry; elated, in good
spirits: -k’efxwe§ bhn (B) to rejoice; -k’efxwe§
kirin (B) to make happy: *Cilen nu zarukan
k@fxwe§ dikin (AB) New clothes make the
children happy. ( svn: dilxwe§) {k’efxwe§i;
keyfxwa§i; keyfxwe§i; [keif khochi] (]])}
[AB/K/A/B]
k’efxwe§i f. (). happiness, mirth, gaiety.
• •
{also: keyfxwa§i (IF); kevfxwe§T (JB3); [keif khochi]
^^oLf(JJ)) [K/A//IF//JB3//JJ] <k’efxwe§>
kel I JIff. (-a; ). tombstone, {also: kelik I (IFb-2);
<kel> JjT(HH)] [K/A/IFb/HH/GF]
kel II JtT f (-a;-e). a stitch (in sewing or surgery):
-kel dan (A/HH)/~lexistin (Qzl) to sew a stitch:
•Keleke lere bide (Ak) Stitch it for me here.
{also: kelek (GF) = kel + ek; <keldan j! jJlT
(keldide) (HH)] =Sor teqei
[Qzl/Zeb/Ak/A/IFb/B/HH/(GF)/TF] <dirutin;
dirwar>
k’§lan vt. (-k’el-). to plow: *Ez& zeviya mi
rifse kin eze bikelim (MD-Byt, p.161) I will
plough the field that I irrigated, {also: <kelan (jiS
(dikele) (*LTo)> (HH)} ( svn: cot ajotin/kirin) Sor
kelan [MD-Byt/Hk/K(s)/IFb/HH/OK]
<cot; halet; k’otan>
kelb ^JlTfSK/OK) = fang. See kilb.
k’elek f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: kevi I; p’er [4] | edge,
flank, outskirts: *Ew li k£leka gund dimine
(K) He lives on the edge of the village «Zyaretek
... li k’eleka §ehere Mixurzemine (EP-7)
[There is] a shrine on the outskirts of the city of M;
2) (syn: all; hel II; teni§t) side; side of a human
being, from the armpit to the waist (HH):
• Kewaniya xwe ya ciwan dide kdleka xwe
u ji bajare D'e hedi hedi ber bi bakur dajo
(Lab, 6) He puts his pretty wife at his side and
slowly drives north from the city D. {also: [keilik]
JLLTQJ); <kelik> c*LLT(HH)} [EP-7/K/A/jB3/lFb/B/jBi«
S/TF//JJ/HH/Haz]
k’elendi f. ( ,~y@). scythe, pruning hook:
•Resine be'esas ne dibe k’erendi, ne dibe
de’s (Dz-#698) Unsmelted iron becomes neither
scythe nor sickle [prv.J; -k’erendi k’utan (B) to
whet or sharpen a scythe, {also: kelindi (Kmc-6);
k'erendi (B); [kirendou^jj^T/kirendi (JJ);
<kelendi> ^j^cLT(HH)] {syn: dirvas; melexan;
qirim; §alok] < W Arm keranti
[EP-8/F/K/IFb/HH/GF//Kmc-6//B/JJ] <das; diryas;
§alok>
kelestun ET (AF) = rainbow. See kerestun.
kelik I JJzf (IFb) = tombstone. See kel I.
kelik II csiilT (IFb) = moment. See keli.
k’elimin ^oJlT vi. (-k’elim-). to speak (of animals,
in folktales and the like) [Cf. T dile gelmek]: •Bor
... bi Memera k’elimi (Z-l) Bor [the horse] ...
spoke to Mem •£’elek pera dik’elime (J) The
cow speaks to her. [syn: deng gun; §texilin) < Ar
kallama II pJT= ’to speak’ [Z-l/J/K/B]
kelindi ^AdlT(Kmc-6) = scythe. See k’elendi.
keli /. (-ya; ). 1) {syn: girik I) instant, second:
• Iro ti§tek li kudera dinyaye bibe bila
bibe, mirov di eyui roje, heta eyni saete
di keliyekS de pe dihise (Wit 1:37=38, p.2)
Today wherever in the world a thing may happen,
one finds out about it on the same day, even in the
same hour, in an instant; 2) a moment; a while:
•K£like li cem me be (GF) Stay with us for a
little while, {also: kelik II (IFb): kelik (GF))
[Wlt/TF//IFb//GF]
kelik ddlT (GF) = moment. See keli.
kelok dyJlT(Bw) = Nestorian girl. See kilo I.
kem I plT adj. 1) {syn: g’ig’ik II; hindik; pigek) few,
small in number; little, a little bit, a small amount:
-kem-hindik (Ber) a little bit, hardly at all;
-k§mtir = less; 2) rare(ly): *Nava wan kevir ft
kug’ikada h£§inayi, kulilk zaf kdmin (Ba2)
Among those rocks, greenery and flowers are very
sparse; 3) deficient, lacking, missing, {also: [kim]
(JJ); <kem> (HH)) <0 Ir *kambyah- (A&L p. 86
[VII] + p. 96 [XIX, 4]): Av & OP kamna- = ’little,
few' (Brand); Sgd kPn (Gersh); Mid P kam = 'little,
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K
small, few’ & kem = 'less, fewer' (M3); P kam Sor
kem pATfkemasi; [kimasi] ^LXQJ); kemani;
kem ay i; kemi) [Ba2/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH//JJ]
k’em II f. ( ;-e). pus, matter: -k’em girtin
(K/B)/~ j£ hatin (K) to suppurate, discharge pus.
[also: [kim] (JJ); <kem> (HH)) [syn: 'edab;
nem) Sor kem JS [F/K/B/HH//JJ] <pizik>
kSmani ^LzS f. (). 1) [also: kemati (RZ); kemayeti
(RF/TF); kemayi (OK)) [syn: *hindikahi) minority
(VoA); 2) deficit, shortage (IFb/JB3). See kemasi &
kSmayi; 3) [adv.] usually with bi = at least:
•Daku di roj§n p&§ de bikaribim bi
m§jiyeki paqij ft niv-vala kevnegirok ft
girvanokan ji bebika xwe re bibejim. An
j! bi kSmani j§ re qala bebiktiya we bikim
(LC, 151) So that in days to come I might with a
clean and half-empty brain be able to tell my baby
daughter old stories and anecdotes. Or at least
speak to her of her infancy. The VoA coined
k§m an f for 'minority' to parallel p’iTani =
majority. [VoA/IFb/JB3//RZ//RF/TF//OK]
kdmasi (-ya; ). 1) [syn: qusur) deficit, dearth,
scarcity, want, lack, shortage, paucity, deficiency:
•K§mastya te giye? (IS-#105) What is it you
lack? What are you missing? What is wrong?; 2)
[syn: qusur) defect, flaw, imperfection, shortcoming
(JB3). [also: kemani (IFb/JB3); kemayi; kemi
(K/A); [kimasi] C5 J^ r T(JJ)}
[B/IFb/JB3/JJ/HH/SK/GF//K/A] <kem I>
kemati ^UlTtRZ) = minority. See k£mani [1].
kemayeti (RF/TF) = minority. See kemani [1].
kSmayi Iff. (). 1) [also: kemani (IFb/JB3);
k§masi; kemi (K/A))deficit, dearth, scarcity, lack,
shortage; 2) minority (OK). See kemani [1 ].
[B//K/A//JB3/IFb //HH/JJ] <kem I>
kSmdiravi f. (-ya;-y§). shortage of funds,
lack of funds. [Zeb/VoA]
kemi (K/A/SK) = deficit, shortage. See k&masi &
kemayi.
k£m iKsan JSadj. not very generous, of little
benevolence or bounty, stingy, ungenerous:
•[XwendiySd Eemft milletan ekseri k§m
iKsan ft k§m ikram dibin] (JR-2) For the most
part the learned of all nations are wanting in
benevolence and generosity, [also: [<kim ehsan>]
oL^^QR)} [JR]
kemrftn adj. containing or cooked with only a
small amount of oil or butter, [syn: rij) [Qzl]
<berun; run>
ker I JSadj. necessary, needed; essential, vital; useful:
-k&ri fk-S hatin (K/B/HH)/bi k§ri yekl
hatin (IF) to be needed, necessary, be of use or
help to: •Em nikarin bi p’aki keri we ben
(Ba2:2, p.206) We can't really be of help to you
•Ew k’iteb keri me nae (B) That book is of no
use to us; We don’t need that book •Keri gi t£?
(XF) Who needs it? Of what use is it? •Xorto, han
van xi§r£ min xwera hilde, eze pirim, k§ri
min naen (Ba-1, #24) Lad, take these jewels of
mine, I’m old, they are of no use to me. [also: [kir]
^T(JJ); <ker-> (HH)) [Ba-l/K/A/IF/B/HH/
JB1-A&S/GF//JJ] <beker; kerhati>
ker II JSadj. crooked: # Dit ku dareke mezine
k§rbftyi, va giqeki t’eze p£ve §inbftye
(Abbasian #4:143) He saw a big, crooked tree, and
behold a green branch was growing on it. [also:
kerbuyi (Abbasian)) {syn: gewt; xwaro-maro)
< Arm ker tjbri = crooked’ [Abbasian//K/B/SC]
k’er III JS f (-a;-e). knife: •kalftmeke k’§ran =
old, rusty knife »Xu§ke xu§ke, ca ji kerema
xwe tu dikari ji min re kere bini! (LM, p.7)
Sister, sister! Please can you bring me a knife!; -
k’er dan (L) to sever, cut (with a knife) : *K§r
dan §eriti (L) They cut the rope; -k’era pola =
steel knife, [also: k’erik (Msr/HH); [kir] ^S{ JJ)}
[Pok. (s)kerV(s)kera-/(s)kre- 938.] 'to cut' (p. 941 p:
(s)ker-t-/(s)kre-t-): Av karati-; Mid P kard (M3); P
kard jjL; Sor ker[d] [jf^lT/kard jjlT[Sinneh]; Za
kardi f. (Todd); Hau kardi f. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/Msr] <hisan; kahur; kalume;
k’efgi; k’erik; sat’or I; §efir>
K’eraki ^J\JLf (). Sunday, [also: <keraki> (HH))
[syn: Le’d; Roja bazare (F)) < Gr Kyriake Kupioocr]
= 'the lord’s [day]' < kyrios Kupiog = 'lord' -->Arm
Kiraki (W: Giragi) [A/HH]
k’eran JSm. (-§; k’eren). crossbeam, made of
poplar wood, used to brace the ceiling in
traditional houses, placed at intervals of several
meters (Haz); long beam applied to ceiling (IFb);
log, beam, girder, post (K/HH): «Ji dft§ tendftra
k’dran§d xaniya Te§ bftbftn (Ba2-3, p.213)
From the smoke of the ovens, the beams of the
318
K
houses had turned black, [also: kenar (F-2); keran
(F); [kiran] J); <keran> q) _^f(HH)] [syn: be§t;
garite; max) [Haz/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ//F] <kutek;
mertak; nire I; rot>
k’§ras(i 35 -*-) yS f. ( ;-y§). quail, zool. Coturnix
coturnix. [also: k’eresi (Z-904-2); k’eresu (Z-904-2);
[kirasou] ^\ ^T(JJ)! [Z-904/JJ] c'ebdal; kew I; lori I;
por I>
kerbuyi (Abbasian) = crooked. See ker II.
k’erendi = scythe. See k’elendi.
k’eresi JS (Z-904) = quail. See k’erasti.
• ■
kerestUn _ySi Jpff. (-a; ). rainbow: *[Ji
denge re’de bihari / wi hilat kerestune]
(HoK, p.251: Mela Mensure Gerga§i) From the
sound of the thunder of springtime / there sprang
up for him a rainbow, [also: kelestun (AF); kerstun
(Zeb- 2 ); <kerestun> Q->yc~o ^iTfHoK); <kerstun>
(j^^lTfHej)} [syn: k’eskesor} = Sor kofke*zerine
[Zeh/HoK//Hej//AF]
k’eresu 33 - 0 JS (Z-904) = quail. See k’efasu.
kergo IS" (RZ) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’ergu[h] [a (B) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’ergu§k JS (Ag) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kerhati &jSadj. useful, helpful, [also: < kerliati>
^■Ia^T(HH)) [IF/HH/JB 1 -A] <ker I>
k’erik J JS f. (-a; ). 1 ) knife [dim. of k’er III]; 2)
pocketknife. [also: <kerik> J _^S"(HH)1 [Msr/HH]
<k’er III>
k’ero§k (A/RZ) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kerstun JS (Zeb) = rainbow. See kdrestdn.
k’§ru§ik J-^ 33 ^ 1 S" (A) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
>
keru§k (SK) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kerwi§k «JL(RZ) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
v
k’es Lr Zf f. (-a; ). opportunity, chance; possibility:
-k’es 1§ anin (A) to cause an opportunity to
arise, to make stg. happen; -k’§s le hatin
(A/JB3/IF) to have an opportunity or chance, find
the right time or conditions to do stg.: *Gur kir
nekir kesa wi IS ne hat ko bigire (SW) No
matter what the wolf did, he couldn’t manage to
catch it *KSs li min hat (JB3) I had the
opportunity • Keysa min le hat (IF) I found the
opportunity; -K’esa fk-e biin = do.: • Keysa wi
nabe (IF) He doesn't get a chance to ... *K’Ssa me
tune kitSbe destxin (K) We have no chance of
acquiring the book, [also: k’eys (A); keys (IF); [keis]
Lr S[ JJ); <keys> ^^(HH)) [syn: delive; derfet; fesal
[1]; firset; kevlu [2]) Cf. T kez = ’time’
[SW/K(s)/JB3/JJ//A/IF/HH] <mecal>
k’e§ II (F) = weight. See k’a§ I.
k’e§an (A/IF/JBl-S) = to pull. See k’i§andin.
k’e§e £ Q. argument, disagreement, dispute,
controversy. {a!so:<ke§e> <u£S"(Hej)) [syn: cerenix;
cure; de’w II; doz; gelem§e; gel§; k’e§mek’e§} Cf. P
kasakas ’contest, struggle’ [Zeb/OK/Hej]
<mi§t u mir>
k’e§in vi . (-k’e§-). l) to be pulled, dragged,
drawn; to move along (vi.) ; to move one after the
other (of masses of people, troops, cattle , etc.) (B):
•We roje sibe beta evare ’esk’er k’i§ya
berbi fronte (B) That day troops were
continually moving toward the front from morning
till evening; 2) to flow, stream (vi.) (B); 3) to creep,
crawl (of snakes, lizards, etc.) (B); 4) [vt.] to weigh
(vt.) (IF/JB1-S/HH/JJ). [also: k’i§in (K/B); [kichan]
jUTQJ); <ke§an ^li~5"(dike§e) (HH)} Cf. P
kasldan q-uT- 'to puli'; Sor ke§an QUlT(-ke§-) =
'to pull, drag, attract; smoke; suffer’; Hau ke§ay
(ke§-) vt. (M4) [AB/JB1-A//K/B//JJ1 See also
k’i§in. <k’i§andin>
k’etik JLlS" (Bw) = cat. See k’itik II.
kevjal (TF) = crab. See kevjal.
k’evro§k (HH) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kewi I (Bw) = wild. See k’iivi.
kewi II (TF) = snow left after the thaw. See kevi
••
II.
k’ewri§k f. ( ;-e) (FK-eb-1) = rabbit. See
k’erguh.
k’ewru§k J Ji&j&S' (K/F) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
Kexi Kigi, town in province (il/vilayet) of
Bingol (Gapaxgur/£ewlig), Kurdistan of Turkey.
[Kg]
k’ez ylS" (Zeb) = beetle. See k’6zik[2].
k’ezik Ayyf f. (-a;-e). 1) (small) insect, bug; 2) beetle,
scarab (JJ/HH/GF); black or dark green beetle (Zeb)
[k’ez]. [also: k’ez (Zeb); [kizik] Jj>T(JJ); <kezik>
AyS (HH) ] |Msr/Frq/F/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//Zeb//JJl
<gugilerk>
k’ibrit oo^T(K/B) = match(es). See k’irpit.
kig (JJ/JBl-A/SK/M-Ak/Bw) = girl. See keg’,
kidark ^JjIaT (Twn) = mushroom. See gidark.
kiferi ^liT(IFb) = tamarisk. See kifir II.
kifin Qjf (SK/JJ) = shroud. See k’efen.
319
K
kifir II ^iT f. ( ;-e). tamarisk, tree with small fragrant
violet flowers, bot. Tamarix. {also: kiferi (IFb);
kuferi (IFb-2)} [syn: gez II) Sorkifr
[Dh/IFb/OK/RF]
kifrit (JB3/IFb/HH) = match(es); sulphur. See
k’irpit.
k’if§ (jUT ad). 1) {syn: a§kere; diyar; xane; xuya)
evident, obvious, apparent, clear, showing; visible;
known: •Qeret’ajdin dezmala deste xwe,
weki k’iv§ bu, avite bin mir (Z-l) Qeretajdin
threw his handkerchief, which was showing
(=?sticking out), under the prince; -k 5 if§ kirin =
a) to define; to determine, set, fix: •Mem§ ... gil
roji we’de k’if§ kir (EP-7) Mem set a term of 40
days b) to mark, designate; 2) prominent, well
known: •Lakin eger ew meyt begzade
weyaxft axa ft miroveki kiv§ bftya, elbette
pa§i panzdeh rojan fiakime wi welati
xelatek Kazir dikirin ... (BN, 183) But if the
dead man were the son of a beg or an agha, or if he
were a prominent individual, after two weeks the
ruler of that land would prepare gifts ...; 3) [n.]
investigation (JJ/IF). {also: kef§ II (IF-2); k'iv§
(K/B/Z-l); [kiwch] jJf{ JJ); <kif§> j^T(HH)) ?< Ar
ka§f UiiS = 'discovery, uncovering' |k’iv§ayi;
k’iv§i; kiw§i) [Z-1/K/B/JJ//A/IF/HH] <rep>
k’ihel = bay horse. See k’ifiel.
k’iEel J adj. 1) bay, reddish-brown (color of
horses) ; 2) [f./m. (-a/ ; ).] bay (colored) horse:
•Ni§ani min kin k’ilieleki usa, weki ew§
min bigihine miraze min (Z-l) Show me a bay
horse which will take me where I want to go. {also:
k’ehel (K/A/IF); k’ihel) < Ar kahll kuhayll
- 'horse of noblest breed 1 [Z-1//K/A/IF]
<hesp>
kil I J S'm./f.(B) (-6/ ; /-§). collyrium, kohl, eye
shadow: •Gule ez kite gav§ te me (KHT, 242)
Gule, I am the kohl of your eyes; -kil dan (K) to
dye, darken (hair, eyebrows, etc.) by applying
kohl: »Zina delal ... xwe rind xemiland,
g 5 e 5 v& xwe kilda (Z-l) Darling Zin ... adorned
herself, darkened her eyes, {also: [kil Ji7kohol
(JJ); <kil> JT(HH)) <Ar kuhl [Z-i/k/if/b/]J/hh|
kil II JT: -kil biln (Qzl) to shake, tremble (vi.) {syn:
Kejin; lerzin; ricifin}:*Pel§n guliye dara ginare
y§ ku ew li ser bii, kil bun (SF 17) The leaves
of the plane tree branch he was on trembled; -kil
kirin (Qzl/GF): a) to shake (vt.), cause to tremble
(syn; hejandinl; b) to wave stg. (vt.): •SiltanS
Filan rawestiya, hilma xwe stend, pi§ti ku
xortima xwe bi vir de ft we de kil kir, got
... (SF 29) The Elephant Sultan stopped, drew a
breath, and after waving his trunk this way and
that, said .... [SF/Qzl/GF/TF]
k 5 il III J f m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). 1) [syn: me§k; sirsum)
churn (for making butter) (BK); 2) lump or ball of
butter obtained when churning sour milk (K/B);
shaking of butter in a butter-churner (K/B).
[BK/K/B] <k’ilan; me§k>
kilam/k’ilam [B/Z-l/EP-7] f. (-a;-e). song: «Al-
p’a§a liukum kir, ku asiq k’ilameke
eviniye beje seva Meme wi (Z-l) A.p.
ordered the ashik to sing a love song for his [son]
Mem; -kilam avetin ser fk-§ (EP-7) to sing to
s.o.: »Ewana bi sire k’ilam avitne ser M.
(EP-7) They took turns singing to M.; -k’ilam
gotin/k’ilam stiran (B) to sing jsyn: stiran I);
-k’ilama be§ike (B) lullaby, cradle song;
-k’ilamed daweta (B) wedding songs;
-k’ilamed dilk’etine (B) lyrical love songs;
-k’ilamed meraniye (B) heroic songs;
-k’ilamed revolft[t 5 ]siyae (B) revolutionary
songs, {also: k’ulam (FK-eb-l/FK-eb-2); [kelam]
(JJ)} [=Sor gorani )jjf] < Ar kalam = 'words,
speech, talking' fK s/k/if/j j//b/z-i ) <dengbej; dilan;
durik; lawuk; lewxet [4]; leylan; lori II; stiran I>
k’ilan vt. (-k’il-). to churn (butter and the like) :
•Qliqa kevanya male dew dik’ila rftn
dikire k’ftpeki (Dz-anec #32) Whenever the lady
of the house churned dew (=yoghurt and water),
she would put it in a clay jar *[N§rgisa koger] ...
lolep di dest de dew kiyaye b£yi ku
me§ka w§ gilkan bire§ine (Lab, 8) [Nergis the
nomad girl] ... with a wooden handle bar in her
hand, churned the buttermilk without her skin sack
spilling a drop •?!§!! ku diya min dew§ xwe
dikila, me§ka xwe ya re§ ji dar£ dadixist
(Alkan, 71) After my mother churned her
buttermilk, she removed her black skin butter
churner from the wooden frame, {also: keyandin
(IFb-2); k’ilandin (IFb/B-2/GF); kiyan (-ke-) (Bw);
[kilan] j^TQj); <keyandin jjjLTfdikeyine)
320
K
(HH)) =Sor jandin QjjljVjendin ^jJoj
[Dz/F/K/JJ//IFb/B/GF//HH//Bw] <k’il III; me§k;
run; sirsum>
k’ilandin (jjjMf (IFb/B/GF) = to churn. See k’ilan.
kilaw j'if (SK) = hat. See kulav[4].
kilb <_J S' m. Q. fang, canine tooth: •Gurgi ji xeflet
xo hawete ser pi§ta gae sor, leqek da-na
pi§ta stukira gay. Kilb§t wi te gon, ga
birindar kir (SK 6:69) The wolf suddenly flung
himself onto the back of the red ox and bit into the
back of the ox’s neck. His fangs went in and
wounded the ox *Riwi gti, got, "...ftileyeki li
qele bikem, belku tola xo je wekem" ...
Riwi gu bin dara gtlze ... xo li bin guze
direj kir, xo mirand. £avet xo ber spi
kirin, dewe xo be§ kir, kelbet xo gir
kirin, me§ hatine dewe wi (SK 3:23) The fox
went away, saying, "I had better go and play a trick
on the crow. Perhaps I can have my revenge on
her." ... The fox went beneath a walnut tree ... he
stretched himself out at the foot of the walnut tree
and made out to be dead. He turned up the whites
of his eyes, hung his mouth open and bared his
teeth. Flies came into his mouth, [also: kelb (SK-
2/OK); <kilb> (HH)} [syn: qil) cf. Ar kalb
v
’dog’; Sor kelbe = ’fang, canine tooth’
[SK/IFb/HH/GF//OK]
kileji m. (). coccyx, tailbone; base of the spine.
[also: kelej II (Bw)| [syn: qarg’ik) Sor kilengke
Lif [Kmc-6/IFb/OK] <mezmezk>
kilid jwdT (GF) = key. See k’ilit[2].
kilife aJuIS' m. Q. small gecko lizard [Ar abu brays
±>)]. [Zeb] <marmaro§k>
kilil JJiJBw/JJ) = key. See k’ilit[2].
k’ilim/kilim [GF] f. 0. kilim, flat-weave pileless
carpet, [also: kilim (IFb)} [svn: ber IV; cacim; cil II;
gelt; mer§ tejik) Cf. T kilim; Ar kilim P gallm
Sor kilim = ’pileless carpet' [K//GF//IFb]
kills (IFb) = lime, chalk. See k’ils.
k’ilit c~lT/. (-a;-e). 1) lock (K/JB3/HH): -k’ilit u
mifte (Z-l) lock and key; 2) (syn; mifte) key
(K/JBl-A&S/Bw) [kilil]. [also: kilid (GF-2); kilil
(Bw); k’ilitk (JB1-A); [kilid j^LT(=lock)/kin JJT
(=key)](JJ); <kilit> e~JT(HH)) Mid P kilel (M3); P
kalld ’key', T kilit = 'lock', Gr kleidhi k/V:i6\
= ’key 1 ; Sor kilil JJf = ’key’; Hau kirel m. (M4)
(Z-l/K/JB3/lFb/B/)Bl-S/HH/GF//]Bl-A//]J//Bw|
k’ilitk JbuiT(JBl-A) = key. See k 5 ilit[2].
k’ilk Ji f f/m.(OK) (-a/; ). tail; short or docked tail
(e.g., tail of rabbit, goat, etc.) (IFb): *Mari gi kir,
ra bo ser kilka xo, go bereka kabray (M-
Ak, #545) What did the snake do but raise itself up
on its tail and go in front of the fellow, [also: kilik
(IFb/OK)) [syn: bog’[ik]; del II; du II; kuri I (Bw);
qemg[ik]; teri I[l]| Sor kilk JIT = ’finger, pen,
handle, haft, tail’ [M-Ak/K(s)/SK//IFb/OK]
kilmi§ julf(OK/RJ) = mucus. See kilmi§.
kilmig (OK) = mucus. See kilmt§.
kilmi§ ni.(Bw)/f. (OK) (-e/ ; ). mucus, snot.
[also: kilmi§ (OK); kilmig (OK-2); kilmug (IFb-
2/OK-2); [kilmish] (RJ)) [syn: g’ilka poz; gilm; fi§;
lik) [Bw/IFb//OK/RJ]
kilmug (IFb/OK) = mucus. See kilmi§.
kiloc (B) = round bread or cake. See kulog\
kilog ^IT/kilog’ (B) = round bread or cake. See
kulog 5 .
kilor m. (). type of pastry eaten on Lesser
Bayram (Td al-Fitr): pirog (K); borek, gorek (round,
ring-shaped or braided cake) (IF/HH); small oven-
baked bread [tandir ekmegi] with holes in it (A/IF);
cake (JB3). {also: kulor (K-2); <kilor^l57kilog
^iS>(HH)} [syn: kulog’; sewik (IF))
[K/A/JB3/IFb/GF] See also kulog 5 .
kilorik Jj^iT f. (). dish made of ground meat and
bulgur wheat [savara niv hur, go§te herayi; T ek$ili
kofte]. [also: gilolik (Qm§/Btm); kulorik (QtrE);
xilolik II (CB); xilorik (Qzl/Qrj))
[Wn//QtrE//CB //Qzl/Qr j / / Qm§/B tm]
kilox m. (-e; ). skull, [also: kulox (Dh); [kelox
(PS)] (JJ); <kilox> (Hej)) (syn: k’elle II;
qehf) [Dh//IFb/HH/GF70K/RZ/Hej/Kmc-6//JJ-PS]
<qerqode>
k’ils f. (-a;-e). lime[stone], chalk; gypsum:
•Bes, gaxe ku baran aw berf te, her k’es
bane xwe digerdne ti. dimale, ji ber kti
avaiye wa fiemfl bi kevir H k’ilse* ne [HR-l
1:18) But, when it rains or snows, everyone rolls
and sweeps his roof, because their houses are all of
stone and lime, [also: kills (IFb-2); kisil (IFb-2/Zeb-
2); [kils ^JT/kisilJ^il (JJ); <kils> ^^(HH)) {syn:
ces; gee) Ar kils = 'lime’ [HR-I/K/A/IFb/B/Jf/
HH/TF/OK/Zeb] <hetun>
kim pT(IF) = hat. See k’um.
kimekim (B) = noise. See k’im-k’imi.
321
K
k’im-k’imi Ls SS f ( ;-[y]e). noise: «Diwan k’im-
k’imi bd bi 'eyan <1 k’ubar§ §eher§ M.-va
(Z-l) The court was [astir with] the noise of the
• nobles and notables of the city of M.; -bi k’im-
k’imi (EP-7) noisily, [also: kimekim (B)) (syn:
qajeqaj; qalmeqal; qareqar; qerebalix; §erqin) Cf.
[kemkemou ]= ’talkative, chatterbox’
[EP-7//B]
kimt o-f (GF/Hej) = mountaintop. See kumt.
kin adj. short (of stature) .{also: <kin> (HH)|
\syn: kurt I) O Ir *kanya- = ’small’ (Tsb2, p.ll]
[kinayi; kinni; kini] [HB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/
GF/TF/Haz] <gurc II>
kinayi S'f. Q. shortness, {also: *kinni (A); kini
(IFbj) {syn: kurtayi) [B//A//IFb] <kin>
k’inc m. (-e; ). clothing, clothes; dress; linens:
-k’ince xwe danin (Ad) to get undressed, take
off one’s clothes; -k’inc§ xwe guhastin = to
disguise o.s.: «Pad§a u wezir k’incguhasti
hatin mala plr§ (J) The king and his vizier went
to the old woman's house in disguise; -k’ince
xwe li xwe kirin (JB3) to get dressed, put one’s
clothes on. {also: [kindj] (JJ); <kinc> (HH)|
{syn: busat [l]; cil I; g’ek; libs) M. Schwartz: < O Ir
*kanzu—> *kanju-; unless a metathesis of *kazn-
[cf. *ganza- (<*gazna-) — > *ganja-]; or V*kanz- <
[Pok. 1. kenk- 565.] ’to gird, bind’: Lat cingo = 'to
gird 1 : Skt kahcuka- m./f./n. = ’dress fitting close to
upper part of body; armor, mail’ (possibly
borrowed from Ir); Khotanese Saka kanga = ’skin,
hide’; Khwarezmian knc(y)k = ’skin (of snake);
shirt, garment’; Parthian qnjwg = ’coat (?)’ (Boyce);
cf. also Gr kandys Kav&ug m. = ’Median cloak with
sleeves’ (< Iranian form *kand/zu- ?). See M.
Schwartz’ review of H. W. Bailey. "Indo-Scythian
Studies,” in: JAOS, 89, ii (1969), 447; H. W.
Bailey. “Saka Miscellany,” in: Indo-Iranica :
Melanges presentes a Georg Morgenstierne a
Poccasion de son soixante-dixieme anniversaire
(Wiesbaden : Otto Harrassowitz, 1964), pp.10-11.
[Ad/Ag/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <dilqe>
k’incdird m. (). tailor: «Ewi xwe bi
k’incdrftra gihiand, k’incS xas ji xwera da
drfltind (FK-eb-1) He betook himself to the tailor,
had a special garb made for himself. ( also :
k’incdru (FK-eb-l)l [FK-eb-l//K/B] <dirutin>
k’incdru (FK-eb-1) = tailor. See k’incdirfl.
k’indik JjaT (K) = one-year-old calf. See k’endik.
k’indir j sjf m./f.(Z-2) (-e/ ; /-e). l) hemp
(K/B/JJ/IF/A); 2) rope (K/IF/A): •Disa §§x,
avdtibftn kindird sep§ da (Ah) Once again
they hanged [lit. ’threw’] the sheikh on the gallows
rope; -§irit u k’indir (Z-2) rope and twine, {also:
k’indir, f. (Z-2); [kandlr] ^ jaT(JJ)} Sor kindir jaaT;
Za kendir = ’rope’ (Todd); Cf. T kendir = ’hemp’-->
Rus kendyr’ KeHtfLip b [Z- 2 /IJ//K/A/IF/B] <kap I;
qirnap; §erit; weris>
k’indir ^ aaT, f. (Z-2) = hemp; rope. See k’indir.
kiner JkS f. ( ;-e). mahaleb cherry tree, St. Lucie
cherry, bot. Prunus mahaleb: sticks and cigarette
mouthpieces are made from its wood, and fences
are made from its thorns (Bw); -dara kinere (Zeb)
do. {also: kener (A/IFb-2/GF-2); [kenir] ^T(JJ);
<kiner>^T(HH); <kiner> (Hej)) Sor kiner
^L57kenere = ’melilot’ [Zeb/Bw/IFb/HH/GF/
TF/OK/AA//A//JJ] <gilak>
kinere o(IFb) = bird’s foot trefoil. See kin^rok.
kinerok Sf. (). bird's foot trefoil, babies’-
slippers, bot. Lotus corniculatus [Ar qarn al-yazal
JlyiJl qJ]. {also: kinere (IFb-2))
[Zeb/IFb/GF/OK/ AA]
kinga (Ms/GF) = when. See k’engi.
king! Jjf (Ag) - when. See k’engi.
kini (IFb) = shortness. See kinayi.
■ ■
kini§t I ( ;-e). synagogue: •fSubey zii
Sadiq Beg deh pezet qelew inan, do xulam
be gek digel xo birin, gu ber dere kini§te,
rawesta (SK 26:238) Early next morning Sadiq
Beg brought ten fat sheep, took two unarmed
followers with him and went to the door of the
synagogue and stopped, {also: kenigt (K[s]); kenigte
(IFb)/k’eni§te (A);*kenist (GF)1 < Arc kenlgta
X!W m '33 & Syr kenusta lbotoj^ = ’congregation,
synagogue’ & Jewish NENA knista (Sabar:
Dict/Garbell/Brauer); Cf. Ar kanls Sor keni§t
o^3^/keni§te *^3*5"[SK//K(s)//A/IFb//*GF]
<malim>
* kinni (A) = shortness. See kinayi.
• a
k’inoge f (). broom, {also: kinu§e (Bt); kinugik
(JB3/Twn); <kino§e> (HH)) {syn: avlek;
cerivk (Bw); gezi; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel;
sivnik; §icing (Krs); sizik; §irt I) <NENA kaniishta =
322
K
'broom' (Maclean): cf. Arc kenas \l)23 & Syr Vk-n-s
jxjn - 'to gather, to sweep', also kenosto lfcocJ.^ -
m
'sweepings, rubbish'; cf. also Ar kannasa II =
'to sweep' & miknasah = 'broom'
[A/IFb/HH//Bt//JB3/Twn] <gezi; mali§tin>
kinu§e (Bt) = broom. See k’ino§e.
kinu§ik (JB3/Twn) = broom. See k’ino§e.
kir 1 Jf f. (-a; ). grudge, rancor: -kira fk-e le
danin (Msr) to vent one's spleen, get one's
revenge: *Kira min le dan! (Msr) I had my fill
[of beating s.o. up] *Kira min le danani
[=daneani] (Msr) I didn't have my fill of it •Wi
kira xwe le dani (Msr) He got enough [to drink],
he quenched his thirst. [Msr] ct’er I>
k’ir II m . (-e;). 1) excitement: -k’ire keseki
T
anin/fakirin (K) to excite s.o.; •K’ire min hat
(K) = a) I was excited; b) I was irritated; 2) irritation:
-k’etin k’ir£ keseki (K/B) to pester, tease,
irritate s.o.; 3) predilection, weakness (for). [K/B]
k’ira f. ( ;-e/k’ire) (B) = rent. See k’ire.
k’irab (HB/HH) = land plowed once. See
k’irebe.
kiras J*m. (-e; kires, vi kirasi). 1) { syn: i§lik;
qemis; qutik) shirt (Zeb/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-
S/SK/GF/RZ): *Aqu p’exember wi kirasi
n£ziki g’ave xwe dike (Ba-1, #37) Jacob the
prophet brings this shirt close to his eyes; -Kirase
Osib (Ba) Joseph's shirt (of many colors): *Wi
gaxi ji t’ereke kirase Osib derdik’eve,
BSnams kires hildide, dide bave (Ba-1, #37)
Then Joseph's shirt comes out of the sack, and
Benams [=Benjamin] takes the shirt and gives it to
[his] father; 2) dress, woman's garment, with long
sleeves [lewendi[ tied in back (GF/TF/OK/Kmc-
ll/Frq/Hk); 3) \syn: cil [3]) menstruation,
woman’s period (K/B): -kirashatin = do. {also:
[kiras] ^I ^T(JJ); <kiras> ^T(HH)) < *kirwas
<Proto Ir *krpa-pa9ra- (A&L, p. 82 [1.2] &86 [VII]);
for illustration of 2) dress, see Kmc-11, page 1. HI9
lBa/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/GF/TF/OK/RZ/ Kmc-
11 /Frq/Hkl
kiret oo(F) = ugly. See k’ir£t.
k’ir£ fejf f. (-ya; ). rent, lease, hire: «Mal ji wan Ta
gelek teng e, 1§ gi bikin, kir£ya mal£n
fireh p’ir buha ye (DZK) The house is too small
[lit. 'narrow'] for them, but what can they do? The
rent on bigger [lit. 'wide'] houses is very expensive;
-bi k’ire girtin (SK) to hire, rent; -k’ire dan
(K)/k’ira dayin (B) to rent out (said of the
landlord) ; -k’ir£ kirin (K/IF)/k’ira kirin/
hildan (B) to rent, lease (said of the tenant j, {also:
k’ira, f. (;-e/k’ire) (B); [kiri] LS ^{ JJ); <kire>
(HH)) <Ar kira’ A Jf- 'rent, hire, lease'-> T kira;
Sor kire; also from Ar is P keraye
[DZK/F/K/A/IF/HH/SK//B//JJ]
k’ireb J/ (A/OK) = fallow land. See k’irebe.
k’irebe f. (). 1) land plowed once (Qzl/Kmc-8);
field, ploughable land (HB); land that has been
tilled once (HH): -erde kireb (Kmc-#2923) field
plowed once; 2) fallow land (A/IFb/OK). [also:
k’irab (HB/HH); k’ireb (A/OK/Kmc-#2923);
<kirab> Jf (HH)} <Arc Vk-r-b: kerav H*1D = 'to
plow' & kerava R3~G = 'plowing' & karvita
NiriTD = ’like a plowed field’; Syr krobo =
’plowing, tilling, fallow ground, furrow'; NENA
kriwa = ’furrow, fallow ground’ (Maclean); Ar
V k-r-b 'to plow (the ground) before (sowing)'
& Iraqi clq Ar kirab = 'to plow, till'
[Qzl//HB/HH//A/IFb/OK/Kmc-#2923] <beyar; bor
III; kat II; k’ew§an; zevi>
k’ir£t o ZJ'adj. 1) (syn: geni (£nr); sefil [4]) ugly
(K/JB3/IF); repulsive, disgusting (K/IF); hateful,
horrible, bad (JB3): *Lall Xan qewi zede
kirete (JR) Lali Khan [a young girl] is very, very
ugly; 2) dirty, filthy (IF), {also: kiret (F); [kirit]
(JJ); <kiret> oo^T(HH)] (k’ireti)
[JR/K/IFb/JB3/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/Bw]
k’ireti ^J'f (-ya; ). ugliness; repulsiveness: «Ji
• •
ber ku kiretiya §er naye zanin (SF 25)
Because the ugliness of war is not known.
[K/lFb/JB3/SK/GF/TF] <k’iret>
k’irghd ^J' f(B)/m.(JB3) ( ;-§/ ). sulphur/sulfur.
( also: gogird (K[s]/A); kewkurd (IFb-2); kewkurt, m.
(JB3); k’irgut (B); k’irk’ut (K)/k’irkut (EP-7); kukurd
(IFb); [koughir kigourt (JJ)} O Ir
*gaukrta-: Mid P gogird (M3); Sgd yokt; P gugerd
j > T kiikiirt; ; Sor gogird/gogirt; cf. also Ar
kibrit oo^T[for which see k’irpit]. See: M.
Schwartz. “Pers. Saugand Xurdan , etc. c to Take an
Oath’ (Not *‘to Drink Sulphur’),” in: Etudes Irano-
Aryennes offertes a Gilbert Lazard (Paris :
Association pour l’avancement des etudes
iraniennes, 1989), pp. 293-95.
[F//K//A//JB3//IF//JJ//BB] <k’irpit>
323
k’irgut (B) = sulphur. See k’irgftd.
kirin I <jjf vt. (-k-/-ke- [Bw/M/SK/Hk]). 1) to
make, do; (used in conjunction with a noun,
adjective, adverb, or preposition to form
compound verbs, e.g., ber hev [berev] kirin =
to collect, gather): -xwe kirin = to turn into:
• MKemmed Xan xwe kiriye kera§ ft jina
xwe ji kiriye dorgi (L) M. Khan turned himself
into a miller, and his wife into a customer; 2) {syn:
danin) to put, place: *Bave xwe li pi§ta xwe
kir (L) He put his father on his back [to carry him
across a stream] •Q]iqa kevanya male dew
dik’ila rftn dikire k’upeki (Dz-anec #32)
Whenever the lady of the house churned dew
(=yogburt and water), she would put it in a clay jar
•Ewi mirovi gi kir, dest da marl, kire di
cendike da (M-Ak, #544) What did the man do
but lay hold of the snake and put it in his bag; -je
kirin = to remove, take off: m Qe\ kevok hatine
ft periye xwe ji xwe kirin (L) 40 doves came
and took off their feathers (plumage); -le kirin =
to put on (clothes) : # Libse xwe li xwe kir (L)
[They] put [their] clothes on, [they] got dressed; 3)
[+ subj.] to intend to, be about to: *Rojeke
gundik radibe dike here cem xwede (Dz)
One day a villager decided to go see God [lit. ’gets
up and is about to go to God'] *Qize dikir wi
kuri bikuje (EP-7) The girl was going to kill this
child *Bek’o go: Mir, Memoyi kurine,/
Dike mir ft cindiyava bixapine (Z-l) Beko
said, Prince, Memo the boy (?)/ intends to trick the
prince and (his) nobles, (also: [kirin] <y^T(JJ);
<kirin (j^Tfdike) (HH)) [Pok. 1. k^er- 641.]
'to make, form': Skt kr-, pres, krnoti = 'he makes';
O Ir *kar- (Tsb 38): Av karanaoiti = ’he makes’; OP
kar- = 'to do, make, build’ (Kent); P kardan jj
(-kon-) (oO; Sor kirdin jj(-ke-; 3rd pers. sing. -
ka-); Za kena [kerdi§] (Todd/Srk); Hau kerdey (ker-
) vt. (M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
k’irin II qJ' (Bw) = tick. See qirni.
k’irxb godfather; Yezidi; Christian. See k’irlv.
k’iribti (K) = godfatherhood. See k’irivti.
kirifok (AA) = type of wild bee. See kurifok.
k’irin ^ v Z vt. (-k’ir-J. to buy, purchase: *Eme pe
ji xwe re ti§ki [=ti§teki] bikirin (L) We will
buy something for ourselves with it. {also: [kerin]
(syn:standin [3]) {Pok. k^rei- 648.] 'to
buy’: Skt krinati = ’he buys’: O Ir *xrln- (Tsb 44 &
M2, p.71): OP *xrin-, *xr-na-tiy; P xarldan q ;
Sor kirin qjjS\ Za (h)erinena [(h)erinayi§]
(Todd/Srk) [F/K/A/]B3/IFb/B/J]/JBl-A&S/GF/OK]
<bik’irgi>
kirisk (IFb/OK) = cricket. See kiristik.
kirist«ik J f. ( # ka; ). cricket, zool. Gryllidae.
{also: kirisk (IFb/OK)) [Zeb//IFb/OK] <kuli; sisirk>
k’iriv Jbjfm. (-e; ). 1) godfather, the man who
holds a male child who is being circumcised (a
fictive kinship relationship); according to Sedat
Veyis Or nek, this phenomenon is known in
Turkey south of an imaginary line drawn between
Kars and Sivas. and east of one drawn between
Sivas and Mersin [roughly the area of Kurdistan]: it
is virtually unknown to the west and north of this
area [see his Turk Halkbilimi (Ankara : Ajans-Tiirk
Matbaasi, 1977), p. 183]; 2) nickname for various
religious minorities: a] Yezidi (Zx); b) Christian
[=Armenian or Assyrian/Nestorian/Chaldean]
(HH). {also: k’irib; [qiriw] Jb j (JJ); <kiriv
Jb^T/kiviva (HH)) <Arc karev = ’near,
related’: NENA qarlba = ’relative, godfather, best
m
man' —> T kirve/kivre; [cf. Ar ‘arrab V 1 A
curious thing about k’iriv is the initial aspirated
k’- rather than the expected q-: of the Kurdish
sources, only JJ gives a form with [q]. For another
example of initial k’- substituting for q-, see
qirni/k’irni. (k’iribti; k’irivati; k’irivi; k’irivti)
[BX/K/A/IF/B//HH//JJ] <san!k (Ag)>
k’irivati (K) = godfatherhood. See k’irivti.
k’irivi (Jb J' (A) = godfatherhood. See k’irivti.
k’irivti f. (). relationship of fictive kinship,
• •
analogous to Spanish compadrazgo (’godfather-
hood 1 ), between a boy and the man who holds him
while he is being circumcised, {also: k’iribti (K);
k’irivati (K); k’irivi (A)) [K/IF//A] <k’iriv>
kirkirk -j JfJf f(B/F)/m.(K) (-a/;-e/). cartilage,
* »
gristle, {also: kirkiritk, f. (F); kirtik (IF); *kirtirte
[—kirkirte?] (A)) Cf. P karkaranak Jj)jZJf
(Steingass); Sor kirkirogke *5 i^y J Z J f[KI'&ll¥llYTIlA}
<hesti>
kirkiritk f. (F) = cartilage. See kirkirk.
* kirkirte *3^ZjZ (A) = cartilage. See kirkirk.
324
K
k’irk’ut oj^S^TtKj/k’irkut (EP-7) = sulphur. See
k’irgtid.
Kirmanc p^L^T(K[s]) = Kurd; peasant. See Kurmanc.
kirni (OK/HH)/k’irni (Bw) = tick. See qirni.
kirosik JLjgT m. (-e; ). type of wild pear [T ahlat].
{also: girsik (Hk/Kmc); kirosk (IFb/FJ/AA); klostik
(Urm); <girsik ^?7girosik J^^kirosik
(Hej)) ( syn: §ekok) Sor kirosk 'wild pear'
[Urm//Slm/Hej//IFb/FJ/AA//Hk/Kmc] <alisork;
herme; kargin; §itu>
kirosk JLjgT (IFb/FJ/AA) = wild pear. See kirosik.
kirov«e f. (*a;*e). 1) {syn: duman; mij; moran)
mist, fog: -mij u kirove (Zeb) mist, fog: *Mij u
kirovg qubet bilind nixaftin (Zeb) The mist
and fog covered the high peaks; 2) blizzard,
snowstorm with wind (Bw~>Barzani, Dolemeri,
Surci). | also: <kiruve *>j_^7kireve ^.^5> (Hej)) Sor
kirewe 'blizzard' [Zeb/Bw//Hej]
** '
k’irpit /. (-a;-e). 1) {svn: neft[ik]} match(es)
(for lighting fire): 2) {svn: k’irgud) sulphur, {also:
kebrit (F); k’ibrit (K/B); kifrit (JB3/IFb); [kirbit]
(JJ); <kifrit> aj./ (HH)) < Ar kibrlt or Arc
kabrlta/kovrlta KmUD & Syr kevrlto/kavrlto
*
Sor kibrit oo^T/kifrit 'sulphur
match'; Za kirbit in. (Mai) [Ag//JJ//F//K/B//
JB3/IFb/HH] <agir; cigare; k’irgud; qelun>
kirsi (BX) = chair. See k’ursi.
kirtik ds Jf (IF) = cartilage. See kirkirk.
kirftng f. Q. Armenian woman, [syn: kilo I)
[Mzg]
kiryar jb^T f. (-a;-e). act, action, deed; operation;
process. I also: [keriara] jb^(JJ-G); <kiryar> jb^T
(Hej)) P kardar jb= 'action, deed'; Sor kirdar
jl j.^[VoA/K(s)/IFb/JJ-G/GF/Hej]
kirzin Qjjd (Bw) = vetch. See kizin.
kisil (IFb/JJ/Zeb) = lime, chalk. See k’ils.
kisk idS (Dh) = crackling, bits of sheep fat. See kizik.
k’i§ jSf. Q. 1) chessboard and chessmen (EP-7):
-k J i§ ft berk’i§ kirin (XF) to assiduously attack
s.o.; 2) word used by chess player when defending
his bishop [ila tanhiyat fllih ^1) (HH);
warning when the king is in check (in tbe game of
chess) (IF/A). | also: <ki§> (jii^HH)) [EP-7/A/IF/HH]
<k’i§ik>
k’i§andin jjjUf vt. (-k’i§in-). 1) {also: k’e^an) to
pull, drag, draw: *B. §wire xwe ki§and (L) B.
drew his sword *Halet ft gfsinan li pey xwe
xwe§ dike§in (AB) They (=the oxen) drag the
plow and plowshares along behind them *§ivek
ki§and namila d£ (J) He pulled a stick [=held a
stick] over his mother’s shoulder ; -dest ji ft-t
ki§andin = to leave, abandon, give up {syn: dev
je berdan; qeran; hi§tin; t’erkandin]: •...§iret li
Meme dikirin, weki Meme deste xwe ji ve
yekg bik’§ine (Z-l) They advised Mem to give
up [his plan] for this reason; 2) to take (photo¬
graphs with a camera) ; 3) {syn: vexwarin) to
smoke (cigarettes) : •Nak’i§inim = I don't smoke;
4) to breathe, inhale: •§ivan xwera nava
kulilkada digefin, bina hewa g’iyaye
t’emiz dik 5 i§fnin (Ba2:l, p.203) Shepherds
roam among the flowers, breathing in pure
mountain air; 5) to weigh (vt.) (HH); 6) {syn:
ajotin; domin) to take time, last: •Xeberdana me
gele wext k’i§and, le t’u deng ft has ji
lawika nedihat (Ba2-#2, p. 205) Our
conversation lasted a long time, but there was not a
sound to be heard from the boys; 7) to endure,
bear, stand, suffer: *De xwede hebini yane ne
ez him ki kane vi derdi bik§!ne? (LC, p.12)
For God's sake, if not for me, who can stand this
trouble? [aiso.-k’e^an ^UslTfA/IF/JBl-S);
[kichandinl ^ jjLxT(JJ); <ki§andin ^jjU^tdik^ine)
(<u^)>(HH)) [Pok. I. kUel-/kVel8- 639.] 'to
revolve, move around, sojourn, dwell' (+ -s-
amplification): Skt krsati/karsati = 'he pulls, plows'
& kars'u f. = 'furrow'; O Ir *kars- (Tsb 39): Av kar§-
[pres. kar9sa-/karsaya-) = 'he drags, plows’ & karsa-
ni./n. = 'furrow'; Mid P kesldan (M3); P kasldan
= 'to puli'; Sor ke§an jblT(-ke§-) = 'to pull,
drag, attract; smoke; suffer’; Hau ke§ay (ke§-) vt.
(M4) [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/HH] <k’e§in; k’i§in>
k’i§ik dJSpl./f.(B) ( ; /-e). l) {syn: setrenc; §axmat,
f. (F)) chess (K/JJ/B): -k’i§ik listin = to play chess
or checkers; 2) {syn: dame) checkers (K). I also:
[kichik] MTQJ)} [Z-l/K/JJ/B] <feris = queen’
(JJ)/?'knight' (Z-l); fil = 'bishop'; k’erkedan =
?'knight’; peyak = 'pawn'; rex II = 'castle, rook’>
k’i§in vi. (-k’i§-). 1) to be pulled, dragged; to
pull; 2) | syn: herikin) to flow (water) : *Ji wan
cewika hinek ... hedika nava gayira ra
dik’i§yan (Ba2:l, p.202) Some of those brooks ...
slowly meandered through the meadows # Li
kaniyg av diki§e (BX) Water flows from the
325
K_
spring; 3) to rise, pour out (smoke): »Daqul bfi,
neri go dev§ mixarake xwiya ye; ew dixan
ji mixar§ diki§e (L-l #3, 1.14-15, p.46) He bent
down, and saw that the cave's mouth was visible;
the smoke was coming from the cave; 4) to creep,
crawl: »Xar e, ne dar e / Dimike, ne kar e /
Dik’§e, ne me’r e / Ew giye? [Av] (Z-1702)
It’s crooked, it’s not a tree / It bleats, it's not a kid /
It creeps, it's not a snake / What is it? [rdl.; ans .:
water]. Cf. P kaSidan 'to puli' [BX/K/B/IFb]
See also k 5 £§in. <k’i§andin>
ki§mi§ (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = currant(s); raisin(s). See
k’i§mi§.
k’i§mi§ m.(F/K)/f.(B) ( ;/-§). l) {syn: mewijt
raisin(s); seedless raisins, as opposed to mewtj
[raisins with seeds] ( Ag/GF); 2) currant(s) (IFb); 3)
grapes (Tkm); type of tiny, black seedless grape
(TF). [aiso: ki§mi§ (IFb/GF/OK); k’i§mi§ (Tkm)) Cf.
P kegmes = 'raisins, currants'; Sor ki§mi§
= 'sultana raisin' [K/B/F//Tkm//IFb/GF/TF/OK]
cmewij; tiri>
ki§ni§ (TF) = coriander. See gijnij.
kit/k’it [A] oX f. (). one (of a pair) , counting word
for paired things [e.g., shoes) (K/B): *[kitek
tepange] (JR) one pistol (PS explains this as a pair
of pistols lor one pistol?!') {also: <kit> o*T(HH)(
{ syn: fer I; t’ek[l]) cf. P tak Jj = 'sole, single' --> T
tek [JR/K/Ba4/PS/B/HH//A] <cot; heb [3]; lib>
k’itan jLT f. ( ;-&). 1) flax; 2) \syn: caw) linen; 3)
married women's head covering made of flax, as
opposed to the silk hibri worn by unmarried girls.
f also: [kitan] jb5"(JJ)) < Ar kattan/kittan =
'flax, linen'—> T keten
[Qzl/Elk/Kr§/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK] cherati;
hibri; lag’ik; t’emezi; terhi>
k’itGb f (-a;-&). book, {also: k’itev; k’teb; k’tev;
[kitib] (JJ); <kiteb> y^TfHH)) {syn: nivisk;
p’irtuk) < Ar kitab —> P ketab & T kitap;
Sor kiteb Hau kiteb m. (M4)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF]
k’itev Jilsf = book. See k’it§b.
••
kit»ik I Jsf f. (»ka; ). dried fruit, esply • dried figs: -
kitka helik§ (Bw) dried plums; -kitka hejir§
(Bw) dried figs, {also: ketik (GF/OK/Zeb))
[Bw//GF/OK] <gir; hejir; kagkagk>
k’it»ik II Jsf f./m&f.(OK) (*ka/*ke; ). cat; small cat
(HH): -k’itka m§ (OK) female cat; -k’itk@ n£r
(OK) male cat, tomcat, {also: k’etik (Bw); kittik
(GF); [qitik/kitek (G)/kittek (PS)] (JJ); <kitik>
Jjd"(HH)) {syn: p’isik) cf. Ar qitt k»; Sor kitik
Hau kite /. (M4) [JR/K(s)/A/IFb/HH/SK/OK/Czr/Prw//
Bw//GF//JJ]
kitm ^adj. unregistered, lacking identification
papers: »Li gelek bajar@n Tirkiyey§ y£n
mezin u yen Kurdistane, kesen wek
hilbijeren DEP’e t&n qebhlkirin b§qeydin.
Naven wan di listeya hilbij£ran de nin in,
kitm in (Wit 2:101, p.8) In many large cities in
Turkey and Kurdistan, people who are identified as
[potentially] voting for DEP [=Democratic Worker’s
Party] are unregistered. Their names do not appear
in the voter roster, they are “blackballed." {also:
<kitm> ^(HH)) [Wlt/Hej]
kittik (GF) = cat. See k’itik II.
kivark JjUf (OK) = mushroom. See kiyark.
k’ivav JUT (Dz) = shish-kebab. See k’ebab.
k’iv§ jiJf (K/B/Z-l) = evident, obvious. See k’if§.
k’iv§ayi ^Uif(B) = obviousness. See k’iv§i.
••
k’iv§i f. (;-y£). clarity, obviousness, palpability:
-K’iv§ayi heye (B) It is obvious that... : »K 5 iv§i
heye gura ew xwariye (Ba3-1) It is obvious that
the wolves have eaten him. {also: k’iv§ayi (B);
kiw§i (SK)) [Ba3-1//B//SK] <k’if§>
k’iwi§k JLkjT (B§k) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
kiw§i (SK) = ohviousness. See k’iv§i.
• •
k’ixme (K) = woman's garment. See k’exbe.
kixs Lr d>S' f./in. Q. shallot, bot. Allium ascalonicum.
{also: kixse (IFb/Kmc-2); kixsik (Kmc-2); <kixs>
^(HH)) [Hk/Mzr/HH/RF/Kmc-4330//IFb]
<pivaz>
kixse (IFb/Kmc) = shallot. See kixs.
kixsik (Kmc) = shallot. See kixs.
kiyan jLT (-ke-) (Bw) = to churn. See k’ilan.
kiyark JjLf/1 (). mushroom, {also: kivark (OK);
kivark (Prw); [kiiark JjLf/kivar j V>5l (JJ); <kiyarik>
A jLT(HH)) {syn: gidark (Prw); kari I; karkevik (M§-
Malazgirt); kufkarik; k’umik (A))
[Bt/JJ//HH//Prw//OK]
kizik Jjf f.(B/Ag/Dh/Qij)/pL(K/Qm§) (
crackling, crisp bits of fat left over from sheep's
fattail after it is melted down or rendered, (aiso:
326
gizirik (Qrj); kisk (Dh); k’izirk (Qzl/K/A/B); kizrik
(Ag); [kizik] 4>T(JJ); <kizik> JjT(HH)} Sor gizlik
Y
= ’dish made of fattail of sheep after most of
•• v A
fat has been melted down’ [Ag//Qzl/K/A/B//Qm§/
IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF//Dh//Qrj]
kizin jyT f. (}. type of vetch, ers, kersenneh, hot.
Vicia ervilia (IFb); black pea, black vetchling; grain
similar to lentils but larger, used as animal fodder,
particularly for goats. (c?7so: kirzin (Bw); ku§ne (IFb-
2 ); ku§ne (Mzg); [kezln] C ^>T(JJ); <kizin jj^ku?^
(HH)) Cf. T kii§ne = burgak = Vetch, Vicia or
Lathyrus’ (Haz/Srk/Qzl/A/IFb/HH/ GF/TF//J]/OK//Mzg//Bw|
<ma§; §olik>
k’izirandin (K/A/B)/kizirandin (IFb/HH/GF/TF) jjf
= to singe. See kuzirandin.
k’izirin (K/B)/kizirin (IFb/TF/HH) to be singed.
See kuziryan.
k’izirk JjyT(Qzl/K/A/B) = crackling, bits of sheep fat.
See kizik.
k’izin fjjjf f. (-a;-e). hissing, sizzling, sputtering
(when singeing wool or grilling meat) : «K 3 izina
go§te mieye (EH) The sizzling of mutton [lit. ’of
the meat of the ewe’] •K’izin k’ete nav dile
min (K) I felt a strong pain in my heart; -k’izin
dil hatin/k’etin (B) to feel strong pressure on the
heart. [EH/K/B]
kizrik JjyT(Ag) = crackling, bits of sheep fat. See
kizik.
kizwan jtjjXtCB) = terebinth; nettle tree berry. See
kezan.
k 3 i ^intrg. pm. (k 3 e). 1 ) wbo?; 2) [rel. pm.] he who.
{also: [ki] <ki> ( _ 5 T(HH)( [Pok kk l o-/kHe- 644.]
(relative & interrogative pronouns ): Av ko {gen. ka-
hya/ca-hya), fem. ka = 'who?; which?'; O P ka-
(Kent); Mid P ke (M3); P ki Sor ke Za ke
(Todd); cf. also Lat quis (m./f)-quid (n.) = ’who,
what’, qui (m.)-quae (Q-quod ( 77 .) = 'who, which,
that’ [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
k’i dere = where?. See k’u dere, under k 3 u II.
k’ijan intrg. which?: «Tu kijan hespt
dixwazi? (BX) Which horse do you want?
•Wexte digin e sefer§ ji rewe digin e-naw
besta beran, gawet xo dimiginin, pe§ pa§
digin, paniya piy§ wan gehe§t e ki§k beri
d§ inin, bi teraziy§ k§§in gend der-kewt
d£ sllndeki mezin u kiret xot ko, "fietta
bi-qeder giraniya wi berey pare-y zdr yan
ziw neinim nahemewe" (SK 12:117} When
they go on a journey they go first of all to the vale
of stones, shut their eyes, go back and forth and,
whichever stone the heel of their foot touches, the)^
will bring it and weigh it in a balance and, however
much it turns out, they will swear a mighty and
ugly oath that, "I shall not return until I bring the
weight of this stone in gold or silver.” {also: kijik
(OK-2); kijk (OK-2); ki§ (OK); kx§k (SK/OK-2/Biv);
[kijan ^IjT/kijk Jj57kij yS\ (JJ); <k!jan> ^IjuTfHH)}
<k’i ji wan = 'who from them/which of them’
[BX/K/JB3/IF/JJ/B/HH// SK/Bw//OK]
kij (OK/Bar) = girl. See keg 3 ,
kijik (OK) = which. See k’ijan.
kijk -Jj iS (OK) = which. See k’ijan.
k’ller j<dS f. ( ;-e). pantry, larder; store room, {also:
[kiler] _Qf( JJ); <kiler> j^LT(Hej)) Cf. T kiler =
'pantry, larder’ < Gr kellari xeXAcxpi [Hk/K/B/JJ/Hej]
kilim ^AS (IFb) = kilim, flat-weave carpet. See
k 3 ilim.
kilo I ilS f. 0- Nestorian or Armenian (i.e., Christian)
girl [according to JJ, kalo = female calf, a nickname
given to Christian and Jewish girls by Muslims):
• [NezHki kela Xo§abe dh gund§d Mexinan
hen nave yeki Qesir u nave yeki Pagan. Di
gund§ Paganeda kiloyeke qewi z§de rind
nave Barnik hebftye] (JR) Near the fortress of
Ho§ap there are two Nestorian villages, one named
Qesir, and one named Pagan. In the village of
Pagan there was a very beautiful Nestorian girl
named Barnik. (a/so:kelok (Bw); [kilo]^JT (JJ);
[...kiloyeke] c (JR)} {syn:kirung (Mzg))
?<NENA kalu/kilu (=kalta) = ’bride; daughter-in-
law; wife of any near relation’ (Maclean) [JJ /JR//B w]
<file(h); mexin>
k’in f. ( malice, spite; hatred: -b§k 3 in (Z-l)
without malice or hatred, {also: [kin] ^T(JJ); <kin>
qS (HH)} Cf. P kin T kin
[Z-1/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/HH]
kir j-f m. (-§; ). penis: *Kire te radibe? (Msr) Do
you have a ‘hard-on 3 [=erection]? «Ne min bi
berxi t§r §ir xwar, h ne bi kalvdji t§r kir
xwar (Qzl) I neither drank my fill of milk as a
lamb, nor had my fill of penis as an all-too-young
ewe [proverbial expression] • [Soft h@di hat e-
nik Kafiz, ghzanek di destida, hawet e kir§
Kafiz, di binira biri (SK :684) Sofi slowly
327
approached the hafiz with a razor in his hand,
which he struck at the hafiz’ penis, cutting it off at
the base, [also: [kir] _jS{ JJ); <kir> _^T(HH)) [syn:
g’ug’ik I[3] (Msr) = baby boy's; helik [2], m. (Msr);
terik [2] (Msr); xir (Msr)) Mid P ker (M3); P kir
Sor ker JS\ Za kir m. (Mai) (A/lFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/
TF/OK] <gun; helik; quz; ritil II>
ktrhar _,Ia adj. wild in sexual matters [of men).
< kir = 'penis' + har = 'rabid' [Msr] <quzhar>
kiro§k J(IFb) = rabbit. See k’erguh.
k’is m. (-S; ). 1) pouch, purse; 2) [also: k’isike
t’itune) tobacco pouch; 3) [fig.] account, expense:
•Mihleta gil rojan bide min, eze bigim ji
te re binim. Mesrefa min ft mala min ji
kisS hemamgi (Rnh 2:17, p. 308) Give me a
respite of 40 days, and I’ll go bring [them] for you.
The expenses for me and my family from tbe
pocket of the bathhouse owner; -ji k’ise fk-e
jiyin (K) to sponge off s.o., to live off s.o. else’s
earnings, [also: kise (SK); <kis> ^(HH)) Cf. Ar/P
las = ’bag, purse’, also Arc kis CTD =
’receptacle, pouch, bag'; Sor kis u ~f= 'blister; bag’
& kise = ’bag’; Za kise m. - '(money) purse'
(Mai); Hau kise m. = 'pocket' (M4) IK/A/IF/HH//SK]
<mesref>
kise (SK) = pouch, purse. See k’is.
k’isik m. (-e; ). diminutive of k’is: 1) purse,
bag, money pouch; 2) tobacco pouch: -k’isike
t’ittine (JJ/Ba2) do.: *Vira apS Kote k’isike
t’it’ilnS ji cSba xwe derxist (Ba2-#2, p.210)
Here Uncle Koteh took his tobacco pouch out of
his pocket, [also: [kisik] JL*T(JJ); <kisik>
(HH)} for etymology see k’is.
[Ba2/F/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK] <k’is>
kisilfis JL^T (Zx) = tortoise. See k’tisi I.
kiso j^^(IFb/HH/TF/£nr/Grc/Btm) = tortoise. See
k’usi I.
kisofis (Czr) = tortoise. See k’tisi I.
kisok f. (-a;-e) (Msr) = tortoise. See k’llsi I.
ki§ jiS (OK) = which. See k’ijan.
ki§k (SK/OK/Bw) = which. See k’ijan.
k’i§mi§ (j^«>j^(Tkm)= currant(s); raisin(s); grapes. See
k’i§mi§.
kitle pi. the masses, mobs of people: »rik H
hSrsa kitleyan (Ber) anger and fury of the
masses. < Ar kutlah = ’lump, mass'—> T kitle =
'lump, mass; crowd of people' [Ber]
kivark J jUS (Prw) = mushroom. See kiyark.
k’ivi ( Juf (M-Am) = wild. See k’uvi.
k’iya LS (Z-4) = village chief. See k’eya.
kizmas m. (-S; ). watercress, bot. Nasturtium
officinale, [also: kuzi, f. (IFb/OK)} [syn: piz; tuzik)
[Bw//IFb/0K] <re§ad>
klostik (Urm) = wild pear. See kirosik.
ko I yf rel.prn./conj. 1) [rel. prn.] that, which
(preceded by noun in ezafeh [=construct]; ko can
also be omitted in such cases, e.g., Ew riya [ko] tu
li ser = This road [which] you are on); 2) [conj.]
that; 3) if: *Go ne ew be, kes nikare ... (L) If
he can’t, no one can ... [also: go I (L); ku I (J/Ba/IF-
2/B/F); [kou] £ (JJ)) Cf. P ke
[K/JB3/IF/]J//J/Ba/B/F//L]
ko II yf (GF) = dull. See kuh.
kog I (Dh) = knee. See gok.
k’og II/k’og’ [K] ^ f./in.(IS) (-a/-e;-e/). 1) nomad
encampment: • K’oger—§ev deng p£ k’et, bar
kirin. Pire gu dewsa k’oge wana. Dewsa
k’oge wana zareke t’ezebily dit (IS-#4-6) A
voice came to the nomads at night, and they
packed up their things [and left]. The old woman
went to the site of their encampment. She found a
newborn infant there; 2) nomadic existence,
wandering; migration: *Bi du payiza jiyane re
koga dawin (MUs, p.7) The final migration after
the autumn of life; -k’og kirin (K/B/JJ) to pack up
and move on (of nomads), to migrate; 3) nomadic
caravan (EP-5): *Rojeke, golik xwera
dig’eriyan IS niheri k’og ten, digin,
hildik’i§in g’iya, zozana (EP-5, #10) One day,
[while] the calves were grazing, he saw caravans [of
nomads] coming and going, climbing the
mountains, to the summer pastures, [also: [kotch]
gjT(JJ)} Cf. P kuc^T = 'decamping'->T gog =
'migration'; Sor kog ^yf\ Za kog/kug m. (Mai)
[IS/K/A/IF/B/JJ] <bar; k’oger; war; zozan>
kogber m.&f. (). an exile, person in exile.
[(neol)Wlt]
kogberi f. ( ;-ye). exile, banishment: •GelS
§irnex§ niha bi tevayi di kogberiyS de ye
(Wit 1:37, p.16) The people of §irnak are now
completely in exile, [syn: sirgun; xurbet}
[(neol)Wlt]
k’ogek/k’og’ek [K] m. (). 1) hermit, recluse
(K/B); 2) spiritual leader among the Yezidis, to
whom is ascribed the power to predict the future
(RK/B): *Dasini mezhebek e, fizedi ji
dibejine ... mezineki wan zemaneki hebu,
nawe wi ‘Eli Beg bu ... zedetir Kurmeta
melan ft qe§an digirt ji kogekan. Ew
dibejine ‘ulemaet xo kogek (SK 39:344) The
Dasinis are a sect, also called Yezidis ... once they
had a leader whose name was Ali Beg ... He
respected the mullahs and Christian priests more
than the kochaks. They call their own religious
authorities 'kochak'; 3) {syn: [moi'de] (JJ) =
jeunes gargons employes a la danse, travestis en
femme [see: Heinrich Karl Brugsch. Reise der K.
preussisclien Gesandtschaft nach Persien 1860 und
1861 (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1862-63) vol. 1, p.
387]} (formerly) youth who performed erotic
dances in woman's garb [T kogek] (JJ/HH); 4) (syn:
kudik [3]} camel foal (JJ). {also: [k(i)otchek]
(JJ); <kogek> (HH)} Cf. T kogek = ’foal of a
camel; youth wbo performed erotic dances in
woman’s garb; frivolous person’
[Z-1/K/B/IFb/JJ/HH/SK]
k’oger/k’og’er [B-2] m.&f. ( /-a; ). l) nomad:
•koneki k’ogeran = a nomad tent [lit. ’a tent of
the nomads'] *Muroeki Artft§i koger digel
tacireki Mftsili dost bft (SK 31:274) A man of
the Artushi nomads was friendly with a merchant
of Mosul; 2) bungler, vagrant worker (JJ). [also:
k’ogervan (B-2); kuger (J); [kotcher ^x^f/kotchergi
JV1 OJ); <koger> ^ (HH)} Cf. P kuc ^ T
gogebe {k’og[’ler!| [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/TF//J]
k’ogeri/k’og’eri f. ( ;-ye). 1) nomadic way
of life: •Dure ji bi zareki xwe§ durudirej ji
min re gel! jiyana kogeriye kir (Lab, 11)
Afterward he articulately described the nomadic
way of life to me in detail; 2) type of circle dance.
[IFb/B/GF/TF] <k’og[’]er>
k’ogervan (B) = nomad. See k’oger.
kog’ik (EH/JB3/IF) = palace; reception hall. See
k’ogk.
k’ogk £ (-a;-£). 1) quarters, rooms; elevated
house (HH): •Tinine k’ogka Zelixe (Ba) They
take [him] to Zelikha’s quarters; 2) palace: -k’ogk
ft rewaq (EP-7) do.; -k’ogk ft seray, m. (Z-
l)/k’ogk-sera (Z-l)/ko§k ft seray (IF) do.; 3)
reception hall (JB3/IF); among Kurdish nobility,
quarters made ready for guests (HH). f also: kog’ik
(EH/JB3/IF); k’o§k (K/B/IF-2); [kochk] J-^(JJ);
<kogk> (HH)} Mid P kosk = ’pavilion, palace,
kiosk’ (M3); P kusk«rfl£jT--> T ko§k-> Eng kiosk
[Ba/A/HH//K/B/JJ//JB3/IF]
k’ogk-sera )j <^ J^T(Z-l) = palace. See k’ogk [2).
kod sg£ (-a;-e). 1) various types of vessel or
container: bowl, basin, bucket, tub (K); cask,
barrel (JB3); vessel carved out of wood (A);
wooden container used in milking sheep (IFb/HH);
dipper or jug-shaped metal cup (IFb); clay cup used
for drinking water (HH): *Gava ku kod bir
gihande a§van, a§van kod dest girt (J) When
he took the tub and reached the miller, the miller
took hold of the tub •fiurmet, Tabe, koda
mezin bibe bin mihiya Te§, bido§e, teji §ir
bike (SK 31:277) Wife, go and take the big
wooden bowl to the black ewe, milk her and fill it
with milk •P’ad§e me gotiye, "Bira koda
z§ra ji minra bi§me" (J) Our king said, "Let him
send me a basin [full] of gold [pieces]" ; 2) unit of
measure equal to 2 kilograms (IFb); dry measure,
ranging from 8-12 pounds in different regions
(B/K). [ also : kot I; [kod] (JJ); <kod> j*T(HH)}
[J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JJ/SK] <somer>
kod«e £ (»a; ). 1) grazing fee, fee paid to
landowner in exchange for use of pasture land] 2)
taxes (Zeb): # Bedela bi-kar-inana zozan§,
mirov de kode bidete axayi [xudan§
zozane] (Hk) In exchange for using the summer
pasture, one will give (or, pay) kode [= grazing fee]
to the agha [owner of the summer pasture], {also:
<kode> oj*T(HH); <kode> oj^T(Hej)} = Sor pu$ane
= grazing fee’ [Zeb/Hk/IFb/HH/GF/OK/Hej]
<qamgur; xuk>
k’ofi £ ( ;-ye). Kurdish women’s cylinder-
shaped headdress, covered with motley-colored
tassled silk scarves; with knots above the forehead
for adornment (IFb). [also: [koufi] ^y^YQJ); <kofi>
^j^TfHH)} for illustration , see Kmc-11, page 1 , #24
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Haz/Krg/Kmc-11]
cherati; k’efi; k’um; lag’ik; p’o§i; t’emezi; terfii>
koflet o<JiiT(JB2) = wife; family. See k’ulfet.
329
K
kojandin jjjl Jg vt. (-kojin-). to nibble (at meat left
on a bone) . [Haz] <kotin>
k’ok I Jig ad). 1) { syn: qelew; *jar) fat, stout (K/B):
•Eze k’ok’bim (J) I'll grow fat; 2) pretty, adorned
(IF/JJ); 3) perfect (JJ/HH). {also: [kok] Jg (JJ); <kok>
Jg (HH)) Cf. Az T kok = ’fat' {k’okayi; k’oki;
k’okti) [J/K/B/JJ/HH]
k’ok II Jgt (-a;-£). root (lit & fig.) (F/K/IF/JJ/B): -
k’ok anin (XF)/birin/birin/rakirin/qelandin
(K) to pull out by the roots; to extirpate, annihilate,
uproot, destroy: *Weki Q. Memo wi Halida
dit, w@ §eher xirab ke ft k’ok’a me
biqeline (Z-l) If Q. sees Memo in this condition,
he'll sack the city and annihilate us •Wfi sibe
k’ok’a te ft cindia t’ev bine (EP-7) Tomorrow
he will annihilate you and the nobles together;
-k’ok girtin/dayin (B) to take root; -k’okeva
derxistin/rakirin (B) to extirpate, uproot, pull
out by the roots, {also: k’ok’ (Z-l); [kok] Jg (JJ) }
< T kok = 'root' [Z-l/F/K/IF/JJ/B]
k’okayi ggg f (). fatness, stoutness, plumpness.
{also: k’oki (K); k’okti (B)) {syn: qelewi) [K//B]
<k’ok I>
kokim ^Sgm. (). 1) {syn: kal I[2]; kalik I) old man
(K): *her du kokime apane (L) both old uncles
[lit, 'all two old men of uncles']; 2) (syn: kek) older
brother (K); 3) [adj.] {syn: ixtiyar; kal I; pir]
elderly, old, advanced in years (of human beings)
(IF): ®Bav§ kal ft diya kokim (IF) old father
and elderly mother [L/K/IF]
k’oki gg (K) = fatness. See k’okayi.
k’okti ggiB) = fatness. See k’okayi.
kol I Jg (K) = slave. See kole.
kol II Jg (). hut, cabin: -kol ft k’epir (PS-II) do.:
•[Agir berda kol ft kepred rengine] (PS-II)
He set fire to the many-colored huts; -kol[ik]e
miri§ka (Slv) chicken coop, {also: kolit (IF); kulit,
m. (SK); [kol] Jg (JJ)} Cf. Sor kolit cgg/kaiit
= 'hut, shelter' [PS-II/JJ/GF//IF//SK] cherzal; hoi;
k’epir>
k’ol III Jg f. ( ;-d). bush, shrub: •Nava wan
kevir ft kug’ikada h@§inayi, kulilk zaf
k§min, le her dera k’oled §ilan§ he§in
dibin (Ba2:l, p.203) Among those rocks and
boulders, plants and flowers are very scarce, but
everywhere dogrose bushes blossom, {syn: devi;
kem; t’efa§ II; t’ftm) [Ba2/K/B]
k’ol IV Jg adj . having no horns, hornless, polled (of
sheep and goats): «Kane bizina kol? (Ardu,
p.115) Where is the hornless goat?; -beran@ kol
(Kmc-8) hornless ram. {also: [kol] Jg[]])', <kol> Jg
(HH)) Cf. P kol Jg - 'docked, cut short, bobbed';
Y
Sor kul Jg = 'docked, cut (tail)'
[Ardu/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Kmc-8] <bel; kel I[l];
qog’; stru; taq; xez>
kol V Jg (Bar) = dull, blunt. See kuh.
kolan I gfg f. (-a; ). saddle-girth, bellyband. {syn:
keji; navteng; qo§ [1]; teng II) T kolan [IFb]
kolan II gig f (JJ/SK/JB1 -A/Elk/Czr)/m . (K)
(-a/;-e/ ). street, alley, lane: *Deng§ tifing ft
mitralyozan ewgend nizing bft bftn ko
mirov digot qey §er giha§tiye kftge ft
kolanen bajer (H2 9:31, p.775) The sound of
rifles and machine guns was so close that people
were saying that the war had reached the streets of
the city, {also: k’olane (A); [kolan] gig (JJ) } (syn:
Y
k’ftg[’]e; zaboq; zikak) Cf. Sor kolan gg = ‘street,
lane' [K/IF/JJ/JBl-A/SK/OK/Elk/Czr//A] <dirb;
ewcan; re>
k’olan III gig vt. (-k’ol-). 1) (syn: vedan [2]) to dig:
•Rabi, her do biraet xwe qebr bo k’olan,
ve§artin (M-Zx #755) He rose and dug graves for
both his brothers and buried them; 2) to carve (M).
{also: kolin (IF-2/M-2); [kolan] ( j'^T(JJ); <kolan gig
(dikole) (Jgj)> (HH)) Cf. Sor kolin c j-JjT(-koT) =
’to dig out’ [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/OK/M]
k’olane «u^T(A) = street. See kolan II.
kolar*e o ggf ( ; # e). kite (bird), zool. Milvus: # Ji
Tewe kolare hate pe§, got, "Zerera min
eweye, wext§ miri§k@t wan cftcikan diinin
e der ez fietta bi§em dibem, dixom. W e
hawine ke§ket wan li serbanet re§-malan u
keprokan ft xaniyan direwem, dixom” (SK-
1:3) First the kite came forward and said, "This is
my injury. When their hens hatch chicks I carry off
as many as I can and eat them. And in summer I
snatch their buttermilk, (drying) on the roofs of
tents and bough-huts and houses, and eat it." {also:
kulelemar (OK); kulemar (IFb-2)) Sor kurkure
ogjg= ’kite (bird)’ [SK/K/IFb//OK] <ba§oke>
330
K
kole aJ^T m. (). slave, {also: kol I (K); [kole] aJ^T (JJ);
<kole> AJ^TfHH)) | syn: 'evd) <T kole
[L/IF/JJ/HH/GF//K] <xulam>
koledar jljAJyT m. (). slave owner, slave trader;
enslaver: *Teto ft Seto ft Keya iro
dijminatiya Kurd bi Kurd her dibft ft
kolidaren Kurdistane pe bi heztir dibun
(ST-1, p,19) Tato and Suto, and even up to today,
have felt enmity toward one another as Kurds, and
those who enslave Kurdistan have been made
stronger by this, {also: kolidar (ST-1)) [ST-1//K/GF]
<kole>
kolidar j)aJjT(ST-I) = slave trader. See koledar.
kolin (IF/M) = to dig, carve. See k’olan III.
kolit o-Jj^(IF) = hut. cabin. See kol III.
kom I pj3"(Yalgin-Heckmann) = summer hut. See gom
I.
k’om II f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: Fop I| crowd, mob: 2)
group; society; collective: *Zina delal bi k’oma
cariyava (Z-l) Lovely Zin with a group of
maidservants; -k’om bun (Zeb/Dh) to meet vi .,
come together {syn: berhev bun; civin; Fop bun;
xir ve bun); -k’om kirin (K/A/IFb/B/HH/JBl-
S/GF/TF) to gather, collect, assemble (syn: berhev
kirin; civandin; Fop kirin; xif ve kirin): *Govar
dixebite ewan ro[§]enb!r ft legeroka ewen
[§]arezayi li ser fizidiyan hey! li dora xwe
kom bike (Roj l[1996-:4) The journal tries to
assemble those scholars and researchers who are
experts on the Yezidis; 3) (syn: kug’ [2]; lod) pile,
heap (A/Bw). {also: <kom> p^T(HH)) Han koma f. =
'heap, pile' (M4) [Z-l/K/A/lFb/B/HH/GF/Bw]
komar jLyT f. (-a; ). republic: -Komara Mehabade
(Ber) tlie Republic of Mahabad; -Komara
Tirkiyeye (WM 1:2, p. 15) the Republic of
Turkey, {also: k’omele [3] (A)) [Ber/JB3/IFb//A]
kombar jL^yTm. (-e; ). wall-to-wall carpet ( factory
made, as opposed to mehfdr - woven carpet or
rug). [Bw] <mehfur; xalige>
k’omek f. ( ;-§). 1) {syn: arik’ar!) help,
assistance, aid: *Le bi k’omekia min, bi
cefak! mezin ew qayil bftn ji nava kevira
derk’evin (Ba2-#2, p.206) But with my help
[and] with a great deal of effort they agreed to come
out from among the rocks; -k’omek dan/kirin =
to help, aid, assist: *Nava wan salada min hin
k’omek! dida d!a xwe (Ba2-#2, p.207) In those
years I used to help my mother [lit. ‘give my
mother some help(s)'] *Xwest k’omek& bide
neg’irvan (Z-l) He wanted to help the hunter; 2)
^sentence (grammar) (JB3). [also: k’omek! (Ba2);
k’omekti (K-2)) Cf. P komak Sot komek cJa^Y
= 'help' [Z-1/K/JB3/B]
k’omeki ^A^yT (Ba2) = help. See k’omek.
k’omekt! (K) = help. See k’omek.
komel Ja^ f. (JB3/IFb/GF) = group, organization;
political party. See k’omele.
k’omelayi ^y^jf (A) = group, organization; political
• •
party. See k’omele.
k’omel*e aJa^TF. (*eya; ). 1) group; organization,
association: -Komeleya Mafen Mirovan (Wit)
Human Rights Association; 2) (political) party
(K[sJ). {also: komel, f. (JB3/lFb/GF); k’omelay! (A))
[K(s)//A//JB3/IFh/GF]
kon c yyTm. (-§; ). tent: “The Icons of wealthy Kurds
were large, divided into several sections adorned
with carpets and felt cloths (ko§me); there was a
separate compartment for visitors and a larder for
the products of milking (sheep]: butter, cheese and
curds. Among the less well-to-do, the kon was
considerably smaller and consisted of a living
compartment and a larder. The tents were pitched
in isolation or in small groups on the mountain
slope or in the ravines ... From afar one could
mistake the groups of kon for a military
encampment.” (B. Nikitine. Les Kurdes : etude
sociologique et historique (Paris : Imprimerie
Nationale : Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1956), p. 47}:
-kon vegirtin/l§ xistin (B) to pitch a tent, {also:
kun II (Bw); [kon] [JJY, <kon> ^ (HH)) {syn:
gadir; fe§mal; xevet) [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/
TF//Bw] <sing I>
konax £(jyY = day’s journey. See qonax.
kondere ojojjyT (F) = shoe. See qondere.
kontax ^loyY= hillside. See qunt’ar.
kop v yT f.(Bw/GF)/m.(OK) (-a/ ; ). crest, peak,
summit (of mountain, tree , etc.): *Evca rabtt ew
kirasd ji sere kupa ji dav@t roj6 min bo
!nay/ (verse from poem by Muayyid Tayyib) That
blouse from the mountaintops, sunbright, which I
brought her. {also: kup (Bw)) {syn: gaz u belan;
Heg’; k’umik; kumt) [Bw//IFb/GF/TF/QK] See also
gopk.
kopal JLyT (K) = stick. See gopal.
331
kope AjjT(Elk) = hearts (in card games). See kupe.
kor jyf adj. 1) (syn: Hafiz [2]) blind: -g’aveki kor
bfin = to be blind in one eye: •Dewlgi g’eveki
*
kor btl (Ba) The bucket carrier was blind in one
eye; -herdu g’ava kor bun (EP-7) to be blind in
both eyes; 2) childless, lacking an heir, extinct (of a
family line) : -ocax kor bfin (K)/war kor man
(SW) to be wiped out, extinct: *Bele diviya bu
jin bikira da ko ware wi kor neminit (SW)
Yes, he should get married, so that his family line
doesn’t die out; -ocax kor kirin (K) to wipe out
s.o.'s family line, cut off the continuation of a race,
render extinct, [also: kore (SK); kur II (BK); kwer
(JBl-S-2); kwir (Tof); [kor] J3 T(JJ); <kor> ^(HH))
Cf. P kur —> T kor; Sor kwer [kor] JiJ>\ Za kor
(Mai); Hau kor (M4); cf. also W Arm guyr/E Arm
kuyr Ijnjp (korai; korani; korayi; [korahl]
(JJ)} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF//BK//SK//Tof)
korai C J)y£ (SK) = blindness. See korayi.
korani (K) = blindness. See korayi.
korayi f. (). blindness: »Sed korayi ji bona
wi (K2~Ferik) May he be blind 100 times [curse].
[also: korai (SK); korani (K-2); [korahl] LJ &)j*f{}])}
[K/A/IF/B//JJ//SK] <kor>
kore o(SK) = blind. See kor.
korefam (IFb) = stupid. See korfe’m.
kor fehm pj(GF) = stupid. See korfe’m.
korfe’m yyC adj. stupid, thick-skulled, [also:
fe’mkor (Mzg/Haz); korefam (IFb); kor fehm (GF)]
( syn: beaqil) [Srk//GF//IFb//Mzg/Haz]
korik jjT f. ( ;-e). disease of wheat plants that turns
the wheat black, smut [?]. [also: kwirik (Qzl)]
[Frq/Xrz/TF/GF/FJ//Qzl] <genim>
korifok (Zeb) = type of wild bee. See kurifok.
k’ort f. ( ;-e). pit, hole; cavity, hollow; crater:
•Ctime Bedlise, xopand di kort§ da/ Hatim
BedlfsS, xopanS di korte da (Ah) I went to
Bitlis, ruins in a pit/1 came to Bitlis, ruins in a pit
[from a famous elegy], [also: k’ortal (K/JB3/IF-2);
<kort> o^T(HH)) [syn: g’al II; goncal]
[Srk/Mzg/A/IF/B/HH//K/JB3] <bir II>
k’ortal Jb^T(K/JB3/I) = pit, hole. See k’ort.
k’ose -k’ose misiri = Egyptian saber, type of
sword: *Eme deste daynin sex qevde k’ose
misiriya (Z-2) Once we touch the hilt of our
Egyptian saber,... (also: [kose mysri] *-^(JJ)}
Cf. Ar kawsaj gyf = swordfish’ (of Mid P origin)
[Z-2/JJ/LC-1] ^
kosi (Dyd/Erg/Kp/Ur) = tortoise. See k’flsi I.
k’o§ f (-a;-e). lap; bosom: *Ye di ko§a mi da
rftnitin xar§ (Bw) He’s sitting on my lap. (also:
[koch] (ji^QJ); <ko§> j^S^HH)) (syn: damen) Sor
ko§ Jvp' = 'lap (of a person)'
[Bw/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
k’o§k eT^T(K/B/IF) = palace; reception hall. See
k’ogk.
k’o§kar jlSCijT m . (). cohbler, one who repairs shoes.
(also: <ko§kar> (HH)] <Arm koskakar
i^n^^iuijuuip = 'shoemaker' < koSik = 'shoe'
(k’o§kari) [DZK/A/FIH] <sol>
k’o§kari ISCijT f ( ;-ye). profession of cobblers,
• ■
shoe repair(ing). [DZK] <k’o§kar>
ko§k u seray 3 (IF) = palace. See k’ogk [2].
kot I ojT = vessel, container. See kod.
k’otan ( ;-e). plough/plow; heavy plow
(made of iron or steel) (IF/B); plow to which are
harnessed 6-12 pairs of oxen (JJ); all-metal wheel
plow (Kmc-6): »weke xeta kotane (L) like a
plow furrow (=straight as an arrow), [also: [kotan]
jb^Y(JJ); <kotan> (HH)) (syn: cot [2]; halet) Cf.
W Arm kut‘an/E Arm gut‘an qnLp-ujUj : A pan-
Caucasian word (JJ): Az T kotan, Geo k c utani
jigcoaEo, Oss gut c on, Avare kutan, Udian k‘ot c an,
Thusch gutan, Abkhaz kotan. Tchetchen gotan,
Kurinian kiiten, Ingush gotanger, Kizilbash &
Kazakh kotan [L/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Kmc-6]
<gisin; hincar; k’elan; mijane; nir I; sermijank>
k’otek f. ( ;-e). 1) a beating, thrashing, blows:
•Ev serokati ne bi tene Serokatiya
Neteweyi ye; her wiha serokatiya her kese
ku azadiye dixwaze, pest kotekiy§
dibine, ye (AW78A3) This leadership is not only
national leadership; it is likewise the the leadership
of every person who desires freedom, who has
experienced oppression and beatings; 2) violence,
force (K/JJ/HH); seizure by force, usurpation (A/IF);
oppression (K): -bi k’otek (K)/bi k’oteki (IF) by
force, (also: koteki (AW); k’utik II (Z-3); [koutek]
JbjTOJ); <kotek> Jb$r(HH)}
[Z-2/K/A/IF/JJ/B/HH//AW] <k’utan>
koteki (AW) = beating; violence. See k’otek.
332
K
k’otel J/. ( 1) funeral procession: «Bi
k’otel bir[i]n ]sic] g’e’lk[i]rin [sic] u
vegerian mal§d xwe (FK-eb-1) They made her a
funeral, buried her, and returned home; -k’otel
giredan (K/JB2) to carry out a funeral (including
procession) ; 2) funeral banner made of a woman's
red dress (B); 3) horse dressed up for funerals (JB2).
[FK-eb-1/K/B/JB2]
kotin vt. (-koj-). to gnaw, nibble; to chew:
•Agir p’arxane min yeko-yeko dikoje (Z-l)
Fire is gnawing my ribs one by one. {also: [kotin]
<kotin (dikoje) (oj^)> (HH)] { syn:
kurisandin I) Za kogena [koti§] (Srk)
[Z-1/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <cutin; kojandin>
/
k’oti aclj. 1) infectious; contagions; 2) mangy,
scabby; 3) suffering from any of a number of skin
diseases: mange or scabs (B); leprosy (HH/IF);
syphilis (B); 4) rotten, putrefied; 5) lice-ridden,
lousy. ] also: <kuti> ^^(HH)) [K/A/B/IF//HH]
k’otibtin f. (). 1) infection (K); 2) leprosy
(BR/A/IF). [also: k’otiti (B); <kutibun> Qj^jjTfHH))
[BR/K/A/IF//HH//B]
k’otiti (jcjpf (B) = infection; leprosy. See k’otibun.
kul I; §ayt§; xem; xiyal [2]) sadness, sorrow, grief;
2) [adj.] ravaged, devastated, ruined (B); 3) sad.
sorrowful (B); uneasy, apprehensive, worried,
anxious: •[Heyva Gulane, xweyi feza bi kul
d kovane] (BG) The month of May, the vintner
[vineyard owner] is worried and uneasy {leaving
hailstorms which could ruin the grape harvest )
[proverbial expression], [also: kuvan II (BK);
<kuvan> (HH)) [K/IB3/IF/B//BK//HH]
kovar /. (-a;-e). journal, periodical, magazine.
Sor govar jli^[(neol)Hv/K/JB3/IF] <gapemeni;
fojname>
kovik JijT f ( ;-e). 1) [syn: gewri [2]; niasterk)
funnel (for pouring liquids)\ 2) anus (IFb). {also:
<kuvik> (HH)] [HB/K/A/IFb/B//HH|
k’ovi (A/JB3/IF) = wild. See k’uvi.
k’ox in. Q. 1) {syn: axil; axur; gom I; mexel)
stable, pen, coop (for animals) ; 2) (syn: Kol[ik])
hut, shack, hovel (K/JB3/IF/B); 3) larder, storage
shed (B). {also: koxi (JB3/IF-2); k’ox (B/HB-2)) Cf.
< Ar kux^T[HB/K/A/IF//JB3//B] <afir; axil; axur;
guhef; gom I; k’oz; mexel>
koxi ijJff (JB3/IF) = animal pen; shack. See k’ox.
k’ox (B/HB) = animal pen; shack. See k’ox.
k’oz jjf f (-a;-e). 1) {syn: guhef; mexel] open-air
sheep pen: -k’oz kirin (K/B) to chase into the pen
(of sheep)\ -k’oza berxafn] (K) do. ; 2) place with
brown, dry grass where sheep graze in winter and
fall (as opposed to gerwan , which has green grass )
(Bw): -k’oz u gerwan (Bw) [all manner of]
pastureland (both dry and lush), {also: [kouz]
(JJ); <koz> j/(HH)) Cf. T koz [Erzincan; Ahlat -
Bitlis; Elazig] = ’animal stable beneath the house’
[evlerin altinda bulunan davar agili] &
[Gumiigbane; Sankami§ -Kars; Hasankale -
Erzurum ] = ’pen in a stable where animals give
birth’ [ahirda yavrularin konmasina yarayan
bolme, yer] (DS, v. 8, p. 2944); Sor koz =
sheep pen (in open air)’ [Wlt/K/IFb/B/I-IH/GF/OK/
I3w//jjl <axil; gerwan; dolge; gom I; k’ox; lef>
kozane (IF/HH) = type of grape. See gozane.
k’ozer (K) = embers. See k’ozir.
k’ozik Jjjf f. (). 1) enclosure; hedge, fence; 2) {syn;
geper I; senger) trench, entrenchment, foxhole,
dug-out, ditch: •Frensizen ko beri nivro ji /
§ame rabu bhn, vegeriyan kozik ft
asegehen xwe (H2 9:31, p.775-6) The French,
who had left Damascus before noon, returned to
their trenches and strongholds; -geper d k’ozik
(GF/IFb)/k’ozik u geper (Bw) trenches and
foxholes. [Bw/K/IFb/GF/TF]
k’ozir jjyT f. ( ;-e). embers, ashes with glowing coals.
{also: k’ozer (K)) [syn: bizot; tiraf] [HB/IFb//K]
k’teb = book. See k’iteb.
• ••
k’tev = book. See k’iteb.
• *
ku (J/Ba/IF/B/F) = that [ref pm.] . See ko I.
k’u II pff intrg. where? what place?: -di k’u re = by
what route: *Tu di ku re hatiye? (L) How (=by
what route) did you come?; -ji k’u = from where,
whence: «Ji ku kare here hestiye fila bine?
(L) Where can he bring ivory from? *Ji ku t§, w§
here ku (L) Where he is coming from, where he is
going; -k’u dere? (Bg/Ad) where? {also: k’e dere;
k’i dere); -li k’u [de] = do.: *Tu§ li ku de bi,
ezS bem cem te (L) Wherever you are, I'll come
to you. {also: ku (BX/JB3); [koul^TQJ)} Cf. P koja
UT/ ku _*T; Sor kwe [ko] [BX/JB3/L//K/IF/B//JJ]
<k’a II>
k’ubar jb £ f. (). 1) {syn: ke§xe] elegance, grace,
refinement; pride: »K’ijan §er§ wana ber§ xwe
333
bidaye, bi altindar! d k’ubar vedigeriyan
(Z-l) Whatever battle they went to, they would
return in splendor and pride; 2) [adj.] elegant,
graceful, refined; noble, grand; 3) proud, haughty
(B/HH). [also: [koubar] jLf (JJ); <kubar> jLT(HH)}
Cf. T kibar = 'well-bred' <Ar kabura jS = 'to be
large, old, or great' [Z-l/K/B/JJ/HH]
kug’ m. Q. 1) [syn: ber III; kevir) rock, stone;
large rock, rock that can be lifted; 2) f also: qug’ [ 1]}
[syn: k’om II [3]; lod) heap, pile (K/Z-2 [note]); 3)
{syn; gir II) hill (Z-2 [note]), [also: kug’[i]k I (B);
qtig 5 ; [kotch] <kug>^T(HH))
[Z-2/Ba2/K/A/IF/HH//JJ//B] See also qtig 5 .
kuge (TF/LC) = street. See k’flge.
♦
kuger (J) = nomad. See k’oger.
%
kug’ik I = 1) dim. of kug’ [l]; 2) rock (B). See
kug 5 .
kug’ik II J^T/kugik’ [JBl-A] f.(Frq/JBl-A)/m.(K/B)
(-a/ ; ). 1) [syn: tifik) oven, furnace; hearth,
fireplace: -kug’ik dadan/danln (B) to light or
kindle a fire in the oven; 2) [syn: dustan; sep’i [1])
stone supporting a cooking pot near the fire,
tripod, trivet (IFb/GF): •Min bero§a male girt u
ani dani ser kugik ti agir da bini (LC, p.24) I
took the household cauldron and put it on the
hearthstone and lit a fire underneath it. [also: kug’k
II (B); [koutchik] J^T(JJ)}
[Haz/Frq/K/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/GF/OK] <firne;
t’endur>
kugik III (TF) = dog. See kftg’ik.
kug’k I (B) = rock. See kug’.
kug’k II (B) = oven. See kug’ik II.
kudik Jj^T(IFb/B/K/GF) = piglet; cub, whelp; camel
foal. See kudik.
kudi ^^(IFb/OK) = piglet; cub, whelp; camel foal.
See ktidik.
kudik I (Bw) = cub, whelp. See kudik.
kudik II (JBl-A) = box. See qut’i.
kuferi (IFb) = tamarisk. See kifir II.
kuffik JL(GF) = mold, mildew. See k’efik.
kuffin (GF) = to hiss. See k’ufin.
kufik (IFb) = mold, mildew. See k’efik.
kufiki (IFb) = moldy. See k’efiki.
k’uftn vi. (-k’uf-). 1) to hiss (of snakes, etc.) ;
2) [f. (-a; )] hissing (of snakes, etc.) : *Ev
btiyinan gi§t wisa bi lez qewimibft ku.
Meyro bi c kufin c a mar, ancax te gfhi§t gi
hat ser§ w§ (MB-Meyro) All these things
happened so quickly, that Meyro only understood
by the hissing of the snake what had happened to
her. [also: kuffin (GF); kufen (-kufe-) (OK))
[MB//GF//OK] <mar I>
kufkarik f. (). mushroom, [also: kafkulilk
(Qtr-E); kekarik (Elb)} {syn; gidark (Prw); kari I;
karkevik (M§-Malazgirt); kiyark; k’umik (A))
[Krg/IFb/OK//Elb//Qtr-E]
kuflet o<di*T(JB2) = wife; family. See k’ulfet.
kuh adj. 1) dull, blunt, obtuse (of knives, etc.) :
•Kera min kuhi buye min divet we bisum
(IFb) My knife has gone dull, I need to sharpen it;
2) blunt, on edge (of teeth) (Bw/JJ): «Diran kuh
dibin (Bw) The teeth are on edge; 3) dazzled (of
eyes) (JJ): *[Cav§ min kdh bilye] (}}) My eyes
are dazzled [lit. '...eye is']; 4) unaccomplished, dull,
obtuse, having incomplete mastery of a subject,
being neither beginner nor expert in a subject (Bw).
[also: ko II (GF-2); kol V (Bar); kuh (IFb); [kouh]
(JJ)} Cf. Sor kugke 'blunt point’
[Bw/GF/TF//IFb/JJ//Bar] <alu I>
kuj jjf (K/B/RZ) = corner. See kuji.
kuje m. (F) = marten. See kuze.
kuji m./f.(OK) (-ye/-ya; ). corner; angle, [also:
kuj (K/B/RZ); kuji (IFb)) {syn: go§e; k’unc; qulg’)
[Bw/OK/K/B/RZ//IFb]
kukurd (IFb) = sulphur. See k’irgdd.
kul I Jjf m.(L)/f.(B/JBl-S/Bw) (-£/-a; /-§). 1) (syn;
cefa; k’eder; k’erb; k’eser; kovan; tatel) grief,
distress, emotional pain: -bikul = grieved, in
distress: *[Heyva GulanS, xweyi reza bi kul
u kovane] (BG) The month of May, the vintner
[vineyard owner] is worried and uneasy [fearing
hailstorms which could ruin the grape harvest]
[proverbial expression]; 2) infectious disease;
wound, sore (JBl-S): -kula tteleb§ (Bw) freckle;
3) [adj.] sore, infected: -CavSt wi t kul in (Bw)
His eyes are sore, [also: qul II (L/K/A/JB3); [koul]
Jf(JJ); <kul> JT(HH)) [L/K/A/JB3//IFb/B/JJ/HH/
JBl-S/GF/TF/OK/Bw] <bikul; xem>
kul II JjT(AB/L) = hole. See qul I.
kulab II V ^T(B) = felt (material) . See kulav.
k’ulam p^T(FK-eb-l/FK-eb-2) = song. See kilam.
334
V
kulav m./t (EP-8) (-§/ ; kulev/-e). 1) felt
(material) ; 2) felt coat: •Beyrim ... di kfilaveki
de razaye (L) Beyrim ... was sleeping [wrapped]
in a felt coat *§ivan bin siya kulave k’etiye
xewa k’tir (EP-8) The shepherd fell fast asleep in
the shade of [his] felt coat; 3) [syn: tati) felt carpet
(JJ): «Bi rew§a mireki mezin rumeteke
bilind da min, li ser kulave xwe 1 nex§in
ciyek da min (Lab, 11) He treated me like a great
emir, and made a place for me on his embroidered
felt carpet «Di teni§ta diwaran de kulaven
raxisti ft li ser kulavan ji minderin (MUm,
18) Beside the wall are carpets spread out and on
the felt carpets there are mattresses; 4) {also: kilaw
(SK)| hat. cap (Bw/SK): »Kilawe dezi ft
cemedaniya sor bo pa§a ba§ e (SK 47:461) A
cotton cap with a red kerchief is good for the
Pasha, [also: kilaw (SK); kulab II (B-2); kulav (L):
[koulaw] (JJ); <kulav> SIS' (HH)) Mid P kulaf
= ’cap, bonnet' (M3); P kulah dif = 'hat'; Sor kilaw
Y
’head-dress, hat'; Hau kilawe f. = 'skull-cap,
bonnet' (M4) [F/K/A/IFb/Wn/B/JJ/HH/Bw//L//SK]
<k’epenek>
kulecergi JjT adj. sick with grief, with a hole
in one's liver: # Te ez kulecergi kirim (Hk)
You've made me sick with grief [lit. 'You've put a
hole in my liver']. [Hk]
k’ulek JJjY/. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: p’ace; rojinj skylight,
opening in ceiling to let in sunlight; dormer-
window, window set vertically in a structure
projecting through a sloping roof: *[icari
Behram tifinga xwe beraberi bejna xwe
digire ft xwe li kuleka a§xaneye hedi bi
j£rda berdide] (JR) Then Behram takes his rifle
together with his belt and quietly lowers himself in
through the sunlight opening <kulek>; 2)
fortochka (K), small hinged pane for ventilation:
•Dft ji kuleke bilind dibe (AB) Smoke rises
from a hole . [also: [koulek] JUjT(JJ); <kullek> Jif
(HH)) [JR/K/IF/Ba2/F/B/JJ//HH] <pixerik>
kulelemar jL J J^TfOK) = kite (bird). See kolare.
kulemar jLJ^T(IFb) = kite (bird). See kolare.
kulemek JcuJ^TfQzl/LM) = thigh. See kulimek.
k’ulfet oajJ ^t (-a;-£). 1) {syn: jin; zeg) wife;
woman; 2) [syn: malbat) family, children, {also:
koflet (JB2); kuflet (JB2); [koulfet c-J57kuflet oi J&\
(JJ)} Cf. T kiilfet = ’trouble, inconvenience’ <Ar
kulfah VIS' = 'trouble, inconvenience; lady's maid';
NA kilpet = 'family' (Urmi: Polotsky) [Ba 2 /K/IF/B/JJ]
kulfik I JLUjT / ( ;-e). nostril(s). [syn: bevil [1]; difn
[2]; firn[ik]; k[’]epi [2]; ximximk) [Wn]
kulind aJ of m. (-e; ). pumpkin; squash, zucchini.
[also: gindor; kundik (Am); kundir; [kolend
XY/kouloundyr (JJ); <kulindir>
(HH)) Sor kuleke oSdJj^= 'pumpkin, vegetable
marrow' [Bw/IFb/GF/TF/OK//JJ//HH//Am] See
also gindor & kundir.
k’uling (). pick[axe], mattock, {also: kuling
(OK); kulling (Kmc-6)) Cf. P kolang XJT; Sor
kuling [Kmc-13/K/fFb/B/GF/TF//OK//Kmc-6 J
<tevir>
kuli f- ( I-ye). 1) {syn: kiristik; sisirk) cricket; 2)
grasshopper; 3) locust, cicada, [also: kuli
(Srk/K§/Mzg); [kouli] (JJ); <kuli ^^JiTkule JS>
(HH)) Mid P kullag = ’locust' (M3); Sor kule J^ =
'locust, grasshopper' [Srk/K§/Mzg//A/IF/B/HH/JJ]
kulilk JJJX/. (-a;-e). flower; little flower: *Ser wi
kulilked Kemft Tenga ft cftra he§in dibftn
(Ba2:l, p.202) On it [=Mount Dumanlu) flowers of
all colors and types would grow, {also: <kulilk>
JIJY(HH)) {syn: g’ig’ek; gul; mom)
[Ba2/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK] <bilbiz = iris;
gul = rose; pivok = crocus/tulip/snowdrop; sosin, f.
= Jily>
kulimek J<wJX/. (-a; ). thigh: *Jinike ve sibe
darek wele li kulemeka min xistiye ku ji
e§a we ez nikarim rabim ser xwe! (LM,
p.20) This morning the wife gave me such a
whallop on tbe thigh that I can't stand up from the
pain of it. {also: kulemek (Qzl); kulimik (GF);
[koulimek] JJ*T(JJ); <kulim[i]k> JX^(HH)) [syn:
het; ran; tilor I) Cf. Arm kohn l \nr{S = ’side'
[Qzl/LM//IFb/JJ/TF/Kmc-4484//HH/GF] <t’e§k>
kulimik JXj"(GF/HH) = thigh. See kulimek.
kulin qJjT vi. (-kul-). to limp, be lame, {also:
kullin; [kouliian] jUXQj)} [syn: lengirin; licimin}
[K/JB3/IF/B//JJ] <t’opal>
kuling XJXCOK) = pickaxe. See k’uling.
kulit m. (SK) = hut, cabin. See kol III.
kulk JU^T/. (-a; ). layer of goat’s hair that becomes
more prominent the fatter the goat gets (Qzl); high
quality goat's hair used in making socks and gloves
(GF): »[Te] kulka xwe we§and (Qzl) [You] are
doing quite well, coming along nicely [=Kemastya
335
te nema], i.e., You have let your layer of goat's hair
grow out [idiom], [also: [koulk] c^iiT(JJ)} Sor kulk
Y
cJJ^STkurk = 'soft kinds of wool and hair,
fleecy, flossy, foaming' [Qzl/JJ/GF/FJ] <hiri; kej II;
liva; ris>
kulling JIBUTI Kmc-6) = pickaxe. See k’uling.
kullin = to limp. See kulin.
k’ulm pJ*T f. (-a;-&). 1) [syn: baq; mist; qore)
handful: *Ew§ n&zikaya k’flpe rtin k’ulme
dudu ar ser ’erde Te§and (Dz-anec #32) Near
the b itter jug she sprinkled on the ground a
hanuful or two of flour •K’ulme xweli baveje
t’ae zera (Ba) Throw a handful of dirt onto the
scale with the gold *Qize se cara k’ulma xwe
av§da kir ft xar (EP-7) The girl took three
handfuls of water and drank *Zelixe k’ulme
xali davdje t’a§ z§ra (Ba) Zelikha throws a
handful of dirt onto the scale with the gold; 2) {syn:
mist) fist (IFb/TF). {also: [kouloum piT/koulmek
JUT) (JJ); <kulm> p JTCHH)} [Ba/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/
HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
kulog’ /m. (). unleavened cake (JJ); round bread
(K). {also: kiloc; kilog; kilog’; [kouloutch] (JJ);
<kilog> (HH)) {syn: kilor) Cf. Rus kalac KaAau
= 'white wheatmeal loaf & kulic KyAHU = 'Easter
cake', Yiddish koyletsh = 'braided
challah (bread)' [K/B/JJ/HH] <k’ade> See also
kilor.
kulor jjJjf (K) = type of round bread or cake. See
kilor.
kulorik Jjjj^T(QtrE) = dish of ground meat and
bulgur wheat. See kilorik.
kulox (Dh) = skull. See kilox.
k’um m./f.(K) (-e/ ; ). hat. {also: kim (IF-2);
[koum] p*T(JJ); <kum> pf (HH))
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH/JJ] <k’ofi>
kumax (IFb/OK) = hip. See k’emax.
kumax (JB1-A) = hip. See k’emax.
k’umik J (). 1) little hat, cap; 2) {syn: gopk;
Keg’; kop; kumt) top, summit, crest (of mountain)
(B); 3) circumflex ( A ); 4) [syn: gidark (Prw); kari I;
karkevik (M§-Malazgirt); kiyark; kufkarik)
mushroom (A), {also: [koumyk] JL*T(JJ)}
[Ber/K/A/B/JJ]
k’umre§ adj. 1) {syn: dexes; Hevsud) jealous;
2) suspicious, untrusting (JJ). {also: [koumrechi]
^< k’um = 'hat 1 + fe§ = ’black' |k’umre§i;
k’umfe§ti) [F/K/B/JJ]
k’umre§i f ( ;-ye). jealousy; -k’umre§i
• •
kirin (K/B) to be jealous of: •Zina Temildar
k’umre§i dikir (FK-eb-1) Zin the geomancer was
jealous. ( also: k’umre§ti (B-2)) {syn: dexesi;
Kevsudi) [K/B] <k’umre§>
k’umre§ti (B) = jealousy. See k’umregi.
••
kumt o a/fli. (-e; ). mountaintop, peak, summit: -
kumte giyay (Bw) do. {also: kimt (GF); qimt (GF-
2); <kimt> o-oT(Hej)) {syn: gopk; Keg’; kop;
k’umik) <Ar qimmah z** [Bw//GF/Hej]
kun I (M-Ak/KH)/k’un I (K[s]/IFb/JJ/HH) =
buttocks; anus; hole; lair. See qftn.
k’un II c j 5 T (A) = goatskin. See k’unk.
k’unc m. (-e; ). angle, corner: -k’unce be’re
(B) inlet, bay. {also: kuncik (IF-2/GF); qunc, f. (IFb-
2); quncik (IFb-2/GF-2); qurcik (GF-2); qurgik (A);
[kounj ^T/koundjik J ^S] (JJ); <kunc gji7quncik
(HH)) {syn: go§e; kuji; qulg’) Cf. P konj
[S&E/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH//A//GF ]
kuncik djwjTflF/GF) = angle, corner. See k’unc.
kuncir >^/(Bw) = cockle bur. See quncirk.
kunci m. (). sesame, bot. Indicum. {also:
[kondji] (JJ); <kunci> Mid P kunjid
(M3); P konjed > Rus kunzut KyH)KyT; Sor
kunci [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/HH]
kund m.(K)/f(JB3) (). 1) {syn: bum) owl, zool.
order Strigiformes ; screech-owl, barn-owl [Fr
chouette] (JJ): -kunde kor (K) eagle owl; 2) ]adj.]
dull, blunt, stupid (B); 3) miser (JB3). {also: [qund]
(JJ-Lx); <kund> aj^(HH))|F/A/K/]B3/IF/B/HH//]]J
kundik Jjj^T(Am) = pumpkin, squash. See kulind.
kundir f/m.(K/GF) (-a/-e;-e/). pumpkin,
gourd, squash, zucchini, bot. Cucurbits: *Ciroka
qundirS (L) The tale of the pumpkin, {also:
gindor; kulind; kundr (B-2); kundur (A); qundir
(L); [koundyr] jjT(JJ); <kundir jAe57kundik
(HH)) [L//K/IFb/B/HH/GF//A] <xirtik I> See also
gindor & kulind.
kuner ^^(OK) = boil, abscess. See qun£r.
k’unk J: /m. (-§; ). goatskin in which water is
stored in summer; “Water could also be carried in
a goatskin bag. This was a whole skin, of which
the neck and limbs protruded from the filled body
when the woman carried it away. The barrel-
336
shaped skin bag was not carried on the shoulder
but lay across the woman’s loins, and she held it
with both arms” (from: Henny Harald Hansen.
Daughters of Allah : Among Moslem Women in
Kurdistan (London : George Allen & Unwin, 1960),
p. 66); -k’unk§ ave (Bw) do. {also: k’un II (A);
k’unnik (A-2)) [Bw//A] <me§k>
kunor*e /in. (•§; ). two-pronged pitchfork.
{also: <kinore> o^T(Hej)) [Bw//Hej] <mileb>
kup (Bw) = peak. See kop.
kup«e f. ( ;*e). hearts (suit of playing cards).
{also: kope (Elk); kuppe (Bw); <kupe> <^T(Hej))
( syn: dilik} cf. T kupa [Bw//Qzl//Elk//Hej]
kuppe (Bw) = hearts (in card games). See kupe.
kur I js? (IF) = short. See kurt I.
kur II /in. (-e; ). son; child, boy: *Azad kureki
jir e (AB) Azad is a smart boy. {also: [kour] (JJ);
<kur> ^f(HH)) {syn: gede [5]: law; mindal; t’ifal;
zaro} <0 Ir *kura-: Sgd wkwr /wi-kur/ = 'of the
(same) lineage’; Oss igurun = 'to be born’; Sor kur
j^S"; Za kurri m. = 'colt, foal' (Mai); Hau kur in. -
'boy, son' (M4) {kurti II) [K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/
SK/GF/TF/OK/BK] <kufHili>
kur III m. (-e; ). head, {syn: ser[T]} [Mzg/IFb]
kur IV j^57kur [A/IFb/HHl adj. 1) shaved,
shorn: -kur kirin (F/K/A/IFb/B/jJ/Mzg) to shave,
cut (hair) : -guliye/p’or§ xwe kur kirin (K) to
trim one’s hair (said of a woman recently bereft of
loved ones) ; -rftye xwe kur kirin (K) to shave
one’s beard -sere xwe kur kirin (IF) to have
one’s head shaved: •Berbere sere te kur
dikin, tu gima sere wana didi potkirin (EH)
The barbers shave your head, why do you have
their heads chopped off?; 2) crop-eared (of sheep)
(B/HH): -miya kur (B) crop-eared sheep, [also:
[kour kirin] <kur> ^f(HH))
[F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/Mzg] cberber I; delak; guzan>
k’ur V (BK) = young donkey; colt. foal. See k’urik.
kurad /. (). leek, hot. Allium pornun. {also:
[kourad] A Jf (JJ)) {syn: kewer) Cf. Arc kerataya
K'BID & Syr karto & NENA
kiratha/chiratha (Maclean); Ar kurrat ’leek';
= Sor kewer joj<*5"[JJ/GF/TF/OK]
kurap ylj^T/kurap [F/A/IFb] m. (-§;-£/
kur§p). first cousin, son of one’s father’s brother.
| also: [kour-i api] ^.U^^TQJ)) {syn: kurmam; lawe
ap; pismam) < kur II + ap = 'paternal uncle'; = Sor
amoza [FK-kk-l/F/ K/A/IFb/B/GF//JJ]
<pismam>
kurbe§ik (IFb) = badger; mole. See kurebe§k.
kurbe§k (IFb) = badger; mole. See kurebe§k.
K’urd (). Kurd: -jina K’urd (K)/k 5 ulfeta
K’urd (B) Kurdish woman. { also: Ek’rad; [kourd]
^(JJ); <kurd> j^T(HH)) (K’urdayeti (K[s]);
K’urdani (K); K’urditi (K/A)) For a discussion of the
possible etymologies of this word, see: Chapter 1
“Les Kurdes, leur origine et leurs caracteristiques
linguistiques et anthropologiques,” in B. Nikitine.
Les Kurdes:etude sociologique et historique (Paris:
Imprimerie Nationale : Librairie C. Klincksieck,
1956), pp. [l]-22. [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <Kurmanc>
k’urdane adv. a la kurde, in the Kurdish
fashion or manner. [BX]
K’urdani (K) = Kurdishness. See K’urdayeti.
• •
K’urdayeti (). Kurdishness, Kurdish
• •
identity; "Kurdayeti is a Kurdish concept which
expresses the transferral of the Kurds’ awareness of
themselves as a people into cultural and political
activity..." (translated from: Erhard Franz. Kurden
und Kurdentum: Zeitgeschichte eines Volkes und
seiner Nationalbewegungen [Hamburg: Deutsches
Orient-Institut, 1986], p. 19) {also: K’urdani (K);
K’urditi (K/A)) See also: Amir Hassanpour-
Aghdam. The Language Factor in National
Development: The Standardization of the Kurdish
Language, 1918-1985. Doctoral dissertation
(Urbana. Ill.: University of Illinois, 1989), p. 60,
note #8 p.64. [K(s)//K/A]
k’urdewari (typically, peculiarly,
traditionally) Kurdish: # §ex, gftnkft h£§ta di
umuret siyasi da puxte nebibu, ft di
me§rebe 'e§ireti 0 kurdewari da bft, ft
ecela wi ji hatibft, nesibetft qunsol
nekewte ’aqle wi, xiyaleki di kir (SK
48:505) The Shaikh, as he was not yet versed in
political affairs, and was fixed in his tribal, Kurdish
nature, and also because it was his fate, did not
accept the Consul's advice, but thought otherwise
• Wextft gehe§te naw le§kir§ miridan dit
hemi tifenget kurdewari xirab, be kar e
(SK 47:459) When he came among the army of the
disciples, he saw that they all had bad, useless,
locally made guns, {also: <kurdewari>
337
K
(Hej)} Sor kurdewari = 'the Kurdish
world, stg. typically Kurdish' [Bw/IFb/SK/Hej]
K’urdistan /. (-a;-§). Kurdistan, homeland
of the Kurdish people: -K’urdistana Iraqe (K)
Kurdistan of Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan; -K’urdistana
lran§ (K) Kurdistan of Iran, Iranian Kurdistan;
-K’urdistana Rom§ (K)/K’urdistana Tirki (K)
Kurdistan of Turkey, Turkish Kurdistan, [also:
[kurdistan] jT(JJ)} [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ]
K’urdi adj. Kurdish, [also: [kurdi] J? (JJ)}
[syn: Kurmanci) [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ] <Kurmanc>
K’urditi ^ o J3 T (K/A) = Kurdishness. See K’urdayeti.
K’urdizan jljj adj. 1) Kurdish-speaking, who
knows or speaks Kurdish: *Cend Ermeniy6n
kurdizan (DM) Some Kurdish-speaking
Armenians; 2) [m.] Kurdologist, one who studies
the Kurds, their language, history, and folklore.
[also: K’urdzan (K)) < Kurdi = 'Kurdish’ + zan- =
'know' [DM/K]
Kurdmanc Kurd; peasant. See Kurmanc.
K’urdzan = Kurdish-speaking; Kurdologist.
See K’urdizan.
kurebe§ (A) = badger; mole. See kurebe§k.
kurebe§k o f. ( ;-e). 1) badger, zool. Meles\ 2)
mole, zool. Talpidae (HH). [also: kurbe§[i]k (IFb);
kurebe§ (A); kuribe§k (GF-2); qurbe§e (M-Ak);
[koure-bechk] o (JJ) ; <korebe§k>
(HH)) [K/F/JJ/B/GF//IFb//HH//A//M]
kureder f. ( ;-e). stench, stink, putrid smell,
foul smell: •Keg’ik gava dinere ser@ we,
bina kure dere je te (J) When the girl looked at
her (=the old woman's) head, [she noticed that] a
bad smell came from it. [J/B] <gen!>
kurefeng JjZjo (Zeb) = type of wild bee. See
kurifok.
kurheli (GF) = stepson. See kurhili.
kurhili (TF) = stepson. See kurhili.
kurhili m. (). stepson, {also: kurheli (GF);
kurhili (TF)) {syn: nevisi) [Frq//TF//GF] c-hili I;
zirdayik>
kuribe§k (GF) = badger; mole. See kuTebe§k.
k’urik Jm. (). 1) [syn: ceh§; deh§) young donkey;
2) [syn: cani) colt, foal, [also: k’ur V (BK); kuri II
(IF); k’urik (K/?A); kurin (JB3)) Cf. Clq. Ar kurr
= 'young donkey'; Za kurri m. = 'colt, foal’ (Mai)
[K/7A//JB3//IF//BK] <hesp; k’er III>
kurisandin I vt. (-kurisin-). to gnaw,
nibble at: •Rovi, duh§l§ li §Sr gerandi bti,
kurisandin fi §er vekir (RN 16/7/45, p. 3) The
fox gnawed at the threads tied around the lion, and
freed the lion, [syn: kotin) [RN/TF/OK]
kuri I f. (-ya; ). tail, [syn: bog’[ik]; del II; du II;
k’ilk; qemg[ik]; teri I[l]) [Bw]
kuri II (IF) = young donkey; colt, foal. See
k’urik.
kurifok f. (-a; ). species of wild bee, smaller
than zilketk [qv.[, resembling a small gray flying
ant with stripes [Tav II] on its back—it makes a
delicious, light (white) honey which tastes like
gezo [qv.] (Zeb). [also: kirifok (AA); korifok (Zeb-
2); kurefeng (Zeb-2); <kurifok> (Hej)) =
Sor bedreme ? [Zeb/Hej//AA] <me§ [2];
moz I; zilketk>
k’urik (K/?A) = young donkey; colt, foal. See
k’urik.
kurin (JB3) = colt, foal. See k’urik.
kurix (HoK 2) = fierce. See gur§x.
kurk’ I/kurk [B] Af. ( ;-e). brooding hen. [also:
[kourk] J J3 r(JJ)) Cf. Clq. Palestinian Ar qruqqah
xj [S&E/K/A//B//JJ] <miri§k>
k’urk’ II/kurk [IFb/GF]/k’urk [B] -J J3 T m. (-e; ).
long fur-lined cloak or coat, pelisse, [also: kurk I
(IF-2); [kourk] J J3 r(JJ)} <T kiirk [K//B//IFb/GF//JJ)
kurm m. (-e; ). worm: -kurme hevirmi§ (B)
silkworm, [also: [kouroum] p^T(JJ); <kurm>
(HH)) [Pok. k^rmi- 649.] 'mite, worm': Skt krmi-;
Mid P kirm = 'worm, serpent’ (M3); Southern Tati
dialects (all f. ): Chali/Takestani/Sagz-abadi kelma;
Eshtehardi/Xiaraji kerma (Yar-Shater); P kerm
Sor kirm p^T; Za kerm m. = ’larva’ (Mai)// = 'worm
[larva]’ (Todd) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ]
<ma§ot>
kurmam pL^T[K(s)/B]/kurmam pL J3 T[OK] m. (-e;-
£ [B]). male first cousin on one’s paternal side, son
of paternal uncle. 1 syn: kurap; pismam) < kur II +
mam = ’paternal uncle'; = Sor amoza IjjJj
[Rnh/A/IFb/OK//K(s)/B]
Kurmanc m. (). 1) Kurd, specifically, the
name by which the speakers of the northern
dialects call themselves: -jina kurmanc
(K)/k’ulfeta kurmanc (B) Kurdish woman; 2)
non-tribal peasant (K[s]); “Kurmanj," the term used
338
for non-tribal peasants in northern Kurdistan, was
used in southern Kurdistan for a segment of the
tribal elite [M. van Bruinessen. “Kurdish Society,
Ethnicity, Nationalism and Refugee Problems,” in:
The Kurds : A Contemporary Overview , ed. Philip
G. Kreyenbroek & Stefan Sperl (London & New
York : Routledge, 1992), note #9, p. 220]. { also:
Kirmanc (K[s]); Kurdmanc; <k[u]rmanc> jC
(HH)) Minorsky’s etymology: Kur(d) +
Manneans/Mantianoi, seeing the Kurdish nation as
an amalgam of two tribes, the Kyrtio'i and the
Mardo'i (p. 12); Marr’s etymology: Armenian: har-
men < *kar-mentch, kar-mendj/kurmandj (p. 15).
See: Chapter l,“Les Kurdes, leur origine et leurs
caracteristiques linguistiques et anthropologiques,”
in B. Nikitine. Les Kurdes : etude sociologique et
historique (Paris : Imprimerie Nationale : Librairie
C. Klincksieck, 1956), pp. 12-15. [K/A/IF/B/HH]
<K’urd>
Kurmanci adj. Kurdish (language),
specifically, the northern dialects, {also:
[kourmandji] ^(JJ); <k[u]rmanc!>
(HH)} [K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH] <K’urdi>
kurmet /kurmet 5 [B] ( ;-e [B]). first
*
cousin, son of paternal aunt: # Du muro hebun
ji c e§ireta Mizilri Jori ... her du ji
ocaxek[§] bftn ... her du xizmet y£k ji
bun. c Ebdi kure meta c Eziz bu, ‘Eziz kuT§
xal§ £ Ebdi bH (SK 18:166) There were two men
of the Upper Mizuri tribe ... they were both of one
clan ... Moreover they were related to each other.
Abdi was the son of Aziz's paternal aunt, Aziz was
the son of Abdi’s maternal uncle. I also: kurmet! (K)}
<kur = 'son' + met = 'aunt, father’s sister'
[Bw/B/OK/RZ//K]
kurmet! ^ (K) = son of paternal aunt. See
■ ■
kurmet.
k’ursi/kursi [JBl-A] ^ j_ £ f./m.(E/Z-3) (-ya/-ye;
-ye/ ). 1) chair: -Dive maseya ku we dit bi
kemani gar kurs! li dore hebin ... di pe re
hftn6 ji gar kursiyan kursiyeke hinek! bi
pa§ de bik§inin (LC, 33) There must be at least
four chairs around the table you found ... then you
will pull back one of the four chairs a little; 2)
throne: *S§ kurs! hebiln ... kursiyek li lay§
jore, yek li laye raste, yek li laye gepe
btl. Kursiya lay§ jor§ KezretS Imam
Huseyn li ser runi§ti bn, kursiya laye
Taste cenab& Muctahid, kursiya lay§ gep§
mu'ezzin li ser rilni§ti btin (SK 11:108) There
were three thrones ... one throne was above, one
on the right and one on the left. The great Imam
Husain was seated on the upper throne, his honor
the Mujtahid was seated on the right-hand throne
and the muezzin on the left-hand throne; 3) low
four-cornered stool, covered with a blanket, under
which is placed a brazier with coals to warm the
feet of those seated; 4) { svn: azu) molar tooth,
grinder (HH/GF): -diranSn kursi (K/IFb) molars,
back teeth, {also: kirsi (BX); [koursi] ^^TQJ);
<kursi> ^^(HH)} < Ar kurs!
[BX//K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF]
kur§e f (). crisp, frozen snow (good for sliding
on), [also: <kur§e> ^^(Hej)} < Arc qeres/qera§
j? = 'to congeal, become solid' & Syr qeras
= 'to become chilled, frozen’, cf. also NENA qarish
= 'to he crisp, as snoW (Maclean) [Zeb/GF/Hej]
<berf>
kurt I o adj. short (of inanimate objects, rathe r than
people) . {also: kur I (IF-2); fkourt] oj>T(JJ); <kurt>
o(HH)} [syn: gurc II} (kurtayi; kurt! I)
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <kin>
kurt II oj/ ffl. (-e; ). vulture, zool. Accipitridae.
{also: <kurt> o JC (HH)} (syn: sisalk}
[IFh/HH/GF/OK] <ba§ok; baz I; elih; kegel; xertel>
k’urtan jb m. (-§; ). donkey saddle, pack-saddle
for mules or donkeys, {also: <kurtan> jb^T(HH))
{syn: p’alik} [Btm/K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bw]
<hegi I; teng II>
kurtayi ^b(). shortness, brevity: -bi kurtayi
#■ _
(Ber)/bi kurti (IF) briefly, in summary: «Tu
dikari bi kurtayi xwe bidi naskirin? (Ber)
Can you briefly introduce yourself? [also: kurti I
(K/IF-2); [kourti] ^ J3 C (JJ)) {syn: kin ay!}
[Ber/A/IF//K/JJ] <kurt I>
kurteg’irok/kurtegirok f. (-a; ). short
story: »Bi nave "tayek pore sipi"
kurtegirokeke Qedri Can heye (LC, p.5)
Qedri Jan has a short story called "a single white
hair” •Pi§t ra dest bi nivisandina
kurtegirokan kiriye (Ton. Qolinc - back cover)
Afterward he began to write short stories. Sor kurte
girok (Gizing) l(neol)ArdiVQolinc/TF/LC]
kurtepist c—o*0'(TF) = gossip. See kurt H pist.
339
kurtik Jj js? (RZ) = shirt. See qutik.
kurti I (K/IF) = shortness. See kurtayi.
i*
kurti II (Jj £ f. (-ya;-[y]e). 1) sonhood, state of being
the son of s.o.: •! di kuftiya min tera bo§e (Z-
1) I am no longer your son [lit. 'Now my sonhood
to you is void'] *Yan§ tue we Leyle minra
bixwezi, yan ez tera t’u kurtie nakim (EP-5,
#12) Either you request that [girl] Leyla for me [in
marriage], or I am no longer your son [lit. or I will
do no sonhood for you']; 2) filial piety [Cf. Ar birr].
[Z-l/K] <kuf II>
kurtpist jjf (GF) = gossip. See kurt \1 pist.
kurtupist o— j<£ (GF/OK) = gossip. See kurt u pist.
kurt ft pist 3 oj^/kurttlpist [IFb] o f.
(-a;-8). 1) {syn: galegurt; galigal; gotgotk;
pa§gotini) gossip(ing), rumor; idle chatter, empty
talk (OK): • ...bi fikira ku ji Diyarbekiriyan
re nebe mijara kurt ft piste, we mala
Doktor Sertag getir ditibu (KS, p.38)
...thinking that she should not be a topic of gossip
for people in Diyarbakir, she chose Dr. Sertag's
house instead *Le gava kurtupista ku wi di
bin tesira ape xwe de xweha xwe ku§tiye
li bajer belav hfthft, pir kesan bawer
nekiribun (KS, p.ll) But when the rumor spread
across the city that he had killed his sister under his
uncle's influence, many people could not believe
it; 2) whisper(ing) (GF). {also: kurtepist (TF);
kurtpist (GF-2); kurtupist (GF/OK))
[KS/IFb//GF/OK//TF] <p’isep’is>
k’urumk’ m. (JBl-S) = bonfire. See k’urme.
ku§ adj. hollow, quality of a rock or stone: if its
interior is full of holes like a sponge (i.e., if the
wind blows through it), it is called ku§. (syn:
fisfisok (Wn); ^qesp (Qzl)| [Qzl/GF]
ku§ne djj^T(IFb) = vetch. See kizin.
ku§tin vt. (-kuj-). to kill: *Wana teyrek
ku§t (Ba) They killed a bird *Teyr§ Semir hat
go gwik§ beytik bikuje (L) The Simurgh came
to kill the sparrow; -hatin ku§tine (B) to be
killed, {also: [kouchtin] q-j^T(JJ); <ku§tin
(dikuje) (HH)) O Ir *kaus- (Tsb 37): Av
kaoS- (pres, kusa-); P kostan (-kos-) Sor
ku§tin Q^T(-kuj-); Za ki§ena [ki§ti§] (Srk/Mal);
Hau ku§tey (k w §-) vt. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B/HH]
<gurandin; mirin; §erjekirin>
k’uta b*T /. (). end, result: -k’uta bun = a) to be
relieved, rescued, rid of: *Wele, eze xwe
bavejim be’re, bra ji 'ezeb§ dine k’uta
bim (EP-7) By God, I'll throw myself into the sea,
so that I am done with the pain of the world; b) to
be finished, completed, done, over; -k’uta kirin
(IFb/GF/TF) to finish, complete {syn: qedandin;
xilas kirin): *Wexta diya min gilly§d xwe
k’uta kirin, min ew fiemez kir (Ba2:2, p.207)
When my mother finished her words, I embraced
her. {also: [koutahi] ^b^T(JJ)} {syn: axiri; dawi;
encam) Sor kota bjT = 'ended' [EP-7/K/JB3/IFb/
B/GF/TF/OK//JJ] See also k’utasi.
k’utan vt. (-k’ut-). 1) (syn: ledan; lexistin;
repandin) to strike, hit, beat: *Xort da pey box,
dela box girt, box k’uta (J) The young man
ran after the ox, caught hold of the ox’s tail, beat
the ox *Bi diwer ve kutta (BK) He drove [it,
i.e., a nail] into the wall; 2) to pound, pulverize:
•[0 di eksered malan da cuhni ft. mekut
heye bi xwe dermani diqutin ft ge dikin]
(BN 135) And in most households there is a mortar
and pestle [which they use to] pound and make
medicines; 3) to thrust, insert, stick into (BK); 4) [+
di] to fuck, screw, copulate with, fornicate with
(syn: gan I; nayin): *Eze di te bikutim (Msr) I
fuck you! [insult] {also: kuttan (BK); qutan (M);
[koutan] jb^Qj); <kuttan jbb"(dikutte)
(HH)) O Ir *kup-(Tsb p.37): Mid P koftan (kob) =
'to beat, pound, crush' (M3); P kobldan = 'to
pound, smash, beat, thresh'; Sor kutan {-kute-
); Za kwena [kwati§] (Srk); Hau kuay (ku-) vt. (M4)
[BX/F/J/K/A/JB3/IF/B/Msr//BK/HH//M]
k’utasi f (-ya;-ye). 1) (syn: axiri; dawi;
• •
encam) ending, end: *K’utasiya civatSda (B) At
the end of the meeting; -b§ k’utasi (B) endless,
interminable; -bi k’utasi (B) finally; -Beta
k’utasiyS (B) until the end, to the end; -[di]
k’utasiyeda (B) in the end; 2) to make a long
story short, in short, {also: <kutasi>^UT(HH)) Cf.
P kutah ’short’ [Z-l/K/B/HH] See also
k’uta.
kutek (IFb) = mallet. See k’utik I.
*kute-kut o jTajjTQ. barking, howling, yelping, (syn:
bile-bil (F); gele-gel (F); gewte-gewt (F); ewte-ewt
(F); kastekast (B); fey in) [F]
340
k’ut*ik I m. (*ke; ). mallet used for beating
burghul or wheat: -k’utke genmi fZeb) do., {also:
kutek (IFb)| [Zeb/K(s)//IFbJ <gakug>
k’utik II Jjjf [Z-3) = beating, blow. See k’otek.
kutilk/kutilk’ [JBl-A]/k’ut’ilk 5 [JBl-S]
f(JBl-A&S/OK)/m.(Bw) ( /-e; ). type of food
made with danherk (type of wheat flour)
consisting of patties stuffed with ground meat and
minced onions: -tirgika kutilka (CB) do. [also:
kutlik (IFb-2); kuttilk (GF); [kotelk] JlxT(JJ);
<kutlik> JIxT(HH)) Cf. the pan-Middle Eastern
kuftah toiT (T kofte) [Bw/IFb/JJ/JBl-
A&S/OK/CB//GF//HH] <doxeba; tir§ik>
kutkut f. (-a;-e). woodpecker, zool. Picus :
-kutkuta sor (Dy[EWJ) red woodpecker [cf. T
kirnnzi agagkakan]. [also: kutkutik (DZK);
kutkutok (IF)) {syn; darnekol (Dy))
[Dyr(EW)//DZK//IF]
kutkutik (DZK) = woodpecker. See kutkut.
kutkutok (IF) = woodpecker. See kutkut.
kutlik JJj^T(IFb) = typed of stuffed patty (food). See
kutilk.
kuttan (BK/HH) = to hit, beat. See k’utan.
kuttilk Jl(GF) = typed of stuffed patty (food). See
kutilk.
kuvan I (BK) = bow, arch. See kevan.
kuvan 11 (BK) = sadness. See kovan.
kuwar jljT (SK) = corn-bin. See kewar[2].
k’uxa = village chief. See k’ewxwe.
k’uxin vl. (-k’ux-). to cough, {also: [koukhin]
q^T(JJ); <kuxin ^^T(dikuxi) ( L5 ^Tj)> (HH)}
[M/F/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <xendxendok>
kuzirandin vt. (-kuzirin). to singe, scorch,
sear, burn on the surface: «Ger bave te di we
deq§ de ne gihi§tiba min, ez e bi saxi
bihatama kuzirandin (§BS-W, 7-8) If your
father hadn't reached me at that minute, I would
have been scorched alive, {also: k’izirandin
(K/A/B); kizirandin (IFb/GF/TF); <kizirandin
joj)jj5"(dikizirine) (HH))
[Zeb//K/A/B//IFb/HH/GF/TF] <kuziryan; sotin>
kuziryan vi. (-kuzire-). 1) to be singed,
scorched, seared, burnt on the surface; 2) to be dry
enough to catch fire (skin, hair, etc.): to be on the
verge of catching fire, due to proximity or
prolonged contact with heat source (Zeb). [also:
k’izirin (K/B); kizirin (IFb/TF); kuzurin (GF);
<kizirin ^yT(dik[i]ziri) (HH)}
[Zeb/M//GF//K/[A]/B//IFb?HH/TF]
kuzurin [GF) = to be singed. See kuziryan.
ku j^rfBX/JBS) = where. See k’u II.
k 5 tig*e/k’ug ,# e [K/B-2] f. («a;«e). (narrow)
street, lane: •Baasiye me li serd kuge sekinl
u bi desta dikaneke go§tfiro§ ni§ani me da
(LC, 47) Our Baathist stood at the end of the street
and with his hand pointed out a butchershop to us
•Denge tifing u mitralyozan ewgend nizing
bd bdn ko mirov digot qey §er giha§tiye
kdge d kolanen bajer (H2 9:31, p.775) The
sound of rifles and machine guns was so close that
people were saying that the war had reached the
streets of the city, [also: kuge (TF/LC); k’ug’e (K/B-
2); [kucah] ^^TQJ-Khorasan)} {syn; kolan II; zaboq;
zikak) Mid P koy = 'street, lane' (M3); P kuce
'street, lane'; T kiige [Diyarbakir] = 'street' (DS, v.
12. p. 4575); Az T kiica; Sor kuge = 'street,
lane'; Za kuge in. (Todd) = 'street'; cf. also Geo
kuca [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF//TF/LC] <dirb;
ewcan; re>
kug’«ik in. («ke; ). 1) {syn: k’elb; se) dog:
-kugike ave (F) beaver; 2) puppy (Bw). [also:
kugik III (TF); kdti (Krg/IFb-2); [koutchik] Jla^TOJ);
<kogik> < Oh *kauti-(ka)-: <*kob-ik;
Sgd ‘kwty [0kuti]; Oss kui/kuj; Cf. S-Cr kuce/Bulg
kuceKyue [K/A/!Fb/B/])/GF/OK/Ag//HH//TF//Krg] <boci;
gur I; liemis; rovi I; taji; tori I>
kudik Jj f./in.(K/OK) (-a /;-£/). term denoting the
young of several animals: 1) piglet, young of pigs
(Haz/IFb/OK) [kudi]: -kudika weK§§ (Haz) do.;
2) young of lion, tiger, bear, etc.: cub, whelp
(IFb/Bw) [kudik]: «kodika hirge ya min (Bw)
my bear cub; 3) {syn: k’ogek [4]; torim) young of
camels (B). {also: kudik (IFb/B/K/GF); kudi
(IFb/OK); kudik I (Bw)) |IIaz//IFb/OK//Bw//B/K/GF]
<beraz; cewr; g’elik; geje; mahu>
kufeii (-kufe-) (OK) = to hiss. See k’uftn.
kufiki (Zeb) = moldy. See k’efiki.
kuh Aj/'tIFb) = dull, blunt. See kuh.
kuje (B) - marten. See kdze.
kuji ^(IFb) = corner. See kuji.
kulav (L) = felt (material) . See kulav.
kuli ^^(Srk/K^/Mzg) = cricket; grasshopper. See
kuli.
kun I (K/IFb) = buttocks; hole. See qtin.
341
K_
kun II Qxf (Bw) = tent. See kon.
k’tip (-6; ). 1) wide-mouthed pitcher, large
clay jug or jar: »Ciqa kevanya mal@ dew
dik’ila rijn dikire k’dpeki (Dz-anec #32)
Whenever the lady of the house churned dew
(=yoghurt and water), she would put it in a clay jar
• Mina me§a ku bikeve kupe dimse u peve
bimine (Lab, 74) Like the fly that falls into a jug of
molasses and gets stuck; 2) cistern (B). [also: [koup]
V3 njj); <kup> V3 T(HH)) IK/IFb/B/JJ/HI-I/GF] <cer>
k’tipik ciL m. (-e; ). clay jug (dim. of k’fip). [also:
[koupik] «iL*r(JJ)} [Btm/JJ/GF]
kfix I (). young male goat, kid 2-3 years old :
•Wext£ ko Smail Pa§a zani dihariya
maqtilet Mizdriyan kftr in, pigek di dile
xo da sil bu. Gote pe§xizmetet xo, "Te§ta
wan sewar bit. SSniyan teji biken, sere
wan qubbeyi biken, pi§k£t qeliya go§te
kilran bi rexet seware we-nen. Her
s@niyeki kilkeki kdri di nawa seri
bigeqinin weto ko qund rawestit"—Wexte
wan tema§e kir ko te§ta wan sewar—u li
nik wan sewar gelek ’eybeki mezin e bo
mSwanet mu’teber—we ser wS hinde Ta ji
kilket kuran li ser seniyan geqandine, di
y@k-ti-do fikirin, destet xo k£§ane pa§.
P@kwe gotin, "Pa§a, me ter xar. Xud§ z£de
ket ..." (SK 24:222,224) When Ismail Pasha learnt
that the present of the Mizuri elders was kids, he
became a little annoyed in his heart. He said to his
attendants, "Let their morning meal be of crushed
wheat. Fill the trays, pile them up like a dome and
put the pieces of fried kid-meat round the boiled
what. On each tray stick a kid's tail in the middle
of the pile so that it stands erect." ... When they
saw that their meal was of crushed wheat--and with
them crushed wheat [instead of rice] was a most
shameful thing for respectable guests--and that in
addition the tails of kids had been stuck on top of
the trays, they looked at each other and withdrew
their hands. They all said together, "Pasha, we
have eaten our fill. May God increase it for you."
[also: [kour] j^TQJ); <kur> {syn; hevuri;
sayis) Cf. Sor kur - 'angora kid' [Kmc-8/JJ/
SK/Hej] <bizin; gisk; neri I>
ktir II (BK) = blind. See kor.
k’tir III adj. deep, profound: »Avitne bireke
k’ftr (Ba) They threw [him] into a deep well, [also:
[kour] (JJ); <kur> ^(HH)} (^tenik) (Pok. 2
(s)keu- 951.] ’to cover, conceal': O Ir *kaura- <
*kor < *kau (A&L p.101, note 15); Sor qul
{k’urahi; k’urani; k’urayi; k’uri)
[ Ad/K/A/(JB3)/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
k’urahi JJ25 T(K/IFb/GF/OK) = depth. See k’ftrayi.
k’urani (K/B) = depth. See k’flrayi.
k’urayi f. ( ;-y§). depth, profundity, [also:
k’urahi (K-2/IFb/GF/OK-2); k’urani (K-2/B-2); k’uri
(K-2)) [K/B/OK//IFb/GF] <k’ur III>
kurik /. (-a; ). pocket, [also: kurk II (OK);
k’urk’ II (JB1-S); [kour(i)k] ^L^TQJ)} {syn: berik;
ceb) [ JR/IFb/JJ /GF/TF//JB1 - S/OK]
kurinc m.&f. (). wool-beater, wool-comber,
wool-carder, wool-fluffer: •Kflrinc livayi dijeni
bo gSkirina goxa, kulava, teKtiya, kepena
(Bw) A wool-carder beats virgin wool for making
[Kurdish traditional garments], [syn: livajen) [Bw]
<liva>
k’uri (K) = depth. See k’urayi.
••
kflrin vi. (-kfir-). to cry loudly, screech,
shriek: »Wek peptikek birindar dikdre d
digiri (Ardu, p.116) Like a wounded cuckoo she
shrieks and cries, [also: [korln] ^ J S'[ JJ)}
[Ardu/K/IFb/B//JJ] <qirin; qurin>
kurk I (IF) = fur coat. See k’urk’ II.
kurk II ^J JJ3> r(OK)/k’urk’ II (JBl-S) = pocket. See
ktirik.
kurkur m.(F)/f(B) (-e/-a; /-e). turkey (fowl):
-ktlrkftre n§r (F) male turkey; -kflrkflra m@ (F)
female turkey, [syn: buqelemun (F); 'elok (Msr);
§ami (AB)( [F/B]
k’tirm»e f. (•a;*@). bonfire; camp-fire; fire for
heating and cooking while camping out : »Dora
k’urma egir runi§tine (Ba2:2, p.206) They sat
down around the camp-fire. ( also: k’urumk’, m.
(JBl-S)} [Ba2/F/K/B//JB1-S]
kusel Jm. (JB3/QtrE) = tortoise. See k’fisi I.
kusele f. (Hk/Bw/JJ) = tortoise. See k’tisi I.
k’tisi I (-y£; ). tortoise, land turtle, zool.
order Testudinata ; -bi rSvagflna k’fisi r§ gfin
(XF) to go at a snail’s pace, to move very slowly.
( also: kisilfis (Zx); kiso (IFb-2/TF/£nr/Grc/Btm);
kisofis (Czr); kisok, f. (-a;-e) (Msr); kosi
342
(Dyd/Erg/Kp/Ur-2); kusel, m. QB3/QtrE); kusele, f.
(Hk/Bw); [kusela J-^/kessal JL*5l (JJ); <kewsel
J-^kiso(HH)) (syn: req I; §kevlatok (JB3))
Skt kasyapa- m.; Av kasyapa- m.; Mid P kasawag
(M3); P kasavka§af UuS = ’tortoise'; Southern
Tati dialects (all f): Takestani kasu(y)a; Xiaraji
kasawa = ’turtle 1 (Yar-Shater); Sor kisai Za
kesa f. (Todd); cf. also Oss xaefs = 'toad, frog'. See
I. Gershevitch. “Iranian Words Containing -an-,”
Iran and Islam : In Memory of the Late Vladimir
Minorsky , ed. C. E. Bosworth (Edinburgh, 1971),
p.287, note 24; reprinted in his Philologia Iranica.
ed. N. Sims-Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig
Reichert Verlag, 1985). p. 257, note 24.
(F/K/II'b/B/GF//]B3/QtrE//J)/Mk/Bw//MH/TF/Cni7Grc:/
Btm//Czi7/Msr//Dyd/Erg/Kp]
ku§ik (Zeb) = marten. See kii§k.
kfi§k m. (). marten, stone-marten, zool.
Martes. {also: ku§ik (Zeb-2); kuze; <ku§k>
(Hej)} = Sor delek jJoj [Zeb/OK//Hej] See also
kftze.
ku§ne (Mzg) = vetch. See kizin.
k’tit o so?m. (). 1) bread that has "fallen" while baking
(and is ruined): -k 5 -Qt kirin (K) to ruin (bread)
while baking; 2) pellet, small sphere or ball (K).
[also: <kut> ojT(HH)] [K/IF/B/HH]
kute *3^ (IFb) = type of cucumber. See qitik.
ktitek m. (). in village houses , a pillar used to
prop up a k§ran [-crossbeam] that would
otherwise fall. [Haz] <keran; mertak>
kfit*ik /. ( ;• ke). unripe cucumber:
•Xiyara li kfitke diyar e (Bar) The cucumber
is [already] apparent at its unripe stage [prv.]. {also:
qitik (Wn)l isyii; xirtik I) [Bar/OK//Wn] <xiyar>
kuti (Krg/IFb) = dog. See kfig’ik.
k’flvi adj. 1) 1 syn: goli I; hov; For II; weh§ [3];
• •
^kedi) wild, untame(d) [of animals: for 'wild' in the
sense of 'savage, primitive, uncultured', see hov
(Haz)): «Me gelek Keywanet k’tvi bi reve
ditin, §ibeti gurg ft rivi u wa ti§ta, em
gelek j£ tirsyayn (M-Am #714) On the way we
saw many wild animals, such as wolves and foxes
and those things, and we were very afraid of them;
-bizina k’fivi (J) wild she-goat; 2) of mountains.
[also: kewi I (Bw); k’ivi (M-Am); k’ovi (A/JB3/IF);
[kouwi] (JJ); <kuvi> (HH)) Cf. P kuhl^yfc^T
= ’of mountains’ < kuh - ’mountain’ (cf. Ar turl
- 'wild' < tur - ’mountain’); Sor
kuwi c5335 57kewi [J/K/HH/JJ//A/JB3/IF]
•• ••
<dirende>
kuz I adj. hunchbacked, humpbacked: -kfiz
btin = to stoop, bend over: *Ewa td kftz dibe
(J) She comes [and] stoops over, {also: pi§tkuz (F);
qiluz (Qrj); quz (B); [kouz] jjf (JJ)} {kuzayi;
quzayi) [K/JJ//F//B//Qrj] <xuz>
kuzayi f (). hunchbackedness, hump¬
backedness. [also: quzayi (B-2)) [B] <kuz I>
kdz*e f.(B)/m.(F) ( ;•§/ ). marten, zool.
Martes foina : *Di giya ft daristanan da
heywanen kuvi weki hirg, gur, beraz,
pezkuvi, rovl, kewro§k, kfize ft. kew
p 5 ir in (DZK) In the mountains and forests,
there are many wild animals, such as the bear,
wolf, boar, wild ram, fox, rabbit, marten, and
partridge, [also: kuje, m. (F); kuje (B); kfi§k; [koujd
ojjf/jkousi <herisson-hedgehog>}] (JJ);
<kuze> (HH)) Cf. Za kuza = 'marten'; W Arm
guz ijnLq. & gznakhs IjqLujkphu = ’marten’;
T kuze [Bitlis] = 'marten' [sansar] (DS. v. 8, p,
3021); -Sor delek [DZK/IF/HH//B/JJ//F]
See also kfl§k.
kuze-kuz ^j^^^(K)/kuzekuz _^^^r(B/GF)
whimpering. See kUzkdz.
kuzi f. (IFb/OK) = watercress. See kiz
%•
kuzkuz f. (-a;-e). whimpering, yelping (of
dogs): •...le heywane kdvi bi awakl weld
dirandn xwe xistibfln qiri[k]a £avre§ ku
kuzkuzen seye reben ji yen gur bilin[d]tir
hftn (E§, p.15) ...but the wild animal dug its teeth
into [the dog] Chavresh's throat in such a way that
the yelps of the poor dog were louder than those of
the wolf, [also: kuze-kuz (K); kuzekuz (B/GF)]
[E§/IFb//K/B/GF] <’ewte-'ewt; reyin I>
kwer ^jT(JBl-S) = blind. See kor.
kwiner K) = boil, abscess. See qundr.
kwir ^T(Tof) = blind. See kor.
kwirik J(Qzl) = disease of wheat. See korik.
343
la (SK/Bw/Zeb) = side, direction. See all.
labtit f ( a piece of flat metal mounted on
a stick used to clean the mud off a plow: *Misasa
cot, aliyeki wi bizmarek e ku dibejne
'zixt,' aliy§ din hesineki seri pan—'labftt'
(Qzl) An oxgoad has a nail on one end, called
'zixt', and the other end has a flat piece of metal-
’labut.' \also : labute (IFb); lawute (IFb-2)}
[Qzl/A/GF/FJ//IFb] <misas; zixt>
labute (IFb) = flat metal tip for cleaning mud off a
plow. See labtlt.
lag’ik JLY /. (-a;-e). white muslin woman’s head
v »
kerchief: •Lag’ka jina sere te be! (XF) Shame
on you! May you be disgraced! *Sifet§ wi mina
lag’ike ye (B) He is as white as a ghost [ from fear
or illness \ *[Weku jin bi u lagika xwe raxine
niva wan elbette ew du tayife ji yek il du
dibin] (BN, 181) If it is a woman and she spreads
out her kerchief between them, the two parties will
surely cease their fighting, [also: [latchik] JbN (JJ)}
[syn: terhi) [BN/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF] <destmal;
herati; Piibri; k’efi; k’itan; k’ofi; p’o§i; Femezi>
laef (L) = quilt. See lihef.
Lahd (IF) = Sunday. See Le’d.
lahor jti f. (). sword of Lahore steel (K); type of
high-quality sword from India (IF/HH): -§ure
lahor (Z-2) do. [also: lahur (K); <lahor> (HH)|
[Z-2/IF/HH//KJ <§ur>
lahur (K) = type of sword. See lahor.
laiq (B/F/SK) = suitable; worthy. See layiq.
laiqi (F) = suitability; worthiness. See layiqi.
lakan 5Y , m. (F)/lak’an, f. (B) = snow shoe. See
liyan II.
lal I JY adj. mute, dumb: *gure keri-lalo (Ba) deaf-
mute wolves, [also: [lal] JY (JJ); <lal> JN (HH)} Cf. P
lal JY; Sor lal JY = 'dumb' (lalayi; lalbun; laleti;
lali I; lalti} [K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH/B] <ker II>
lal II JY m./f.(B) ( ; /-£). ruby, garnet: -lal [il] dur
(Z-l) rubies and pearls: *Zineki usa hespe
minra g£ ke, weki t’emam lal u dur be (Z-
l) Make a saddle for my horse, so that it’s full of
rubies and pearls, [also: lei, f. (B); [laal] JJ (JJ) }
(syn: yaqut} Cf. P/A la‘l JJ; Sor lal JY = ’ruby,
crimson’ [Z-1/K/A/IF//JJ//B] <dur; mircan; xi§ir>
lalangi ^YY (CB) = mandarin orange. See lalengf.
lalay! ^YY (B) = muteness. See lali I.
lalbun j^Y (B) = muteness. See lali I.
lalengi ^ JY f. (). mandarin orange, bot. Citrus
reticulata, [also: lalangi (CB); lalingi (Bw); naringi
(OK-2/AA); <lalengi> ^ JY (Hej)} Cf. P narangl
= 'mandarine, tangerine'; Sor lalengi ^53 JY
[Bw///lFb/TF/OK/Hej//CB//AA] <narinc;
p’irteqal>
laleti JY (A) = muteness. See lali I.
lale ^JY prep. 1) [syn: bal I; cem; hinda I; li def (Bw);
9 9
nik I; rex 1} by, near, at, at the house of [chez]:
•Hung xencer£t xo d debancet xo i) elbise
xo lali min da nen, pa§i herine lali liakimi
(M-Ak, #537) Put your daggers and your pistols
and your clothes down with me and then go before
the governor; 2) against, opposite (JJ). [also: lali III
(M-Ak); [lale] ^JY (JJ)} < li = 'at, to’ + aliye = ‘the
side of [MK/K/JJ//M-Ak]
lali I ^Y f [ ;-ye). muteness, dumbness, [also: lalayi
(B-2); lalbun (B-2); laleti (A); lalti (B-2)} [K/IF/B//A]
<lal I>
lali II ^JY f. (-ya: ). large, flat dish, platter (Msr);
••
medium-sized plate (B§k/Erh); wide bowl for rice
(A); long, shallow copper vessel in which such
foodstuffs as rice and hulghur are served (HH).
[also: lalu (B§k); laluk (Erh); <lali> ^Y (HH)}
[Msr/A/IFb/HH//B§k//Erh] <firaq>
lali III ^JY (M-Ak) = by, near, at. See lal@.
lalingi (Bw) = mandarin orange. See lalengi.
lalti ^JY (B) = muteness. See lali I.
lalu^jY (B§k) = type of plate. See lali II.
laluk Jj^JY (Erh) = type of plate. See lali II.
lam f Y (JB3/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK/Erh) = cheek. See
lame.
lam«e <^Y f. (*a; ). 1) (syn; gup} pouch of the cheek
[T avurt] (TF); 2) [syn: alek; gup; hinarik; ru [3]}
cheek (IFb/GF/OK); 3) (syn: geng II} jaw
(JJ/JB3/IFb/GF/OK). [also: lam (JB3/IFh-
2/GF/TF/OK/Erh); [lame] «^Y (JJ); <lame .^Y/lam
pY> (HH)} <Arc lugma = 'puffed-up cheek’:
NENA lama = 'bridle, jaw’ (Maclean)
[HB/A/IFb/JJ/HH//JB3/GF/TF/OK/Erh] <dem II;
karej I>
lan f. (-a; ). den, lair, nest (of wild animal):
•Dib§jin §£rek d gurgek il riviyek bftne
§irik. Qlttne giyayeki, gayeki kiwi H
bizineki kiwi u keru§kek girtin, inane
344
L
lana xo (SK 7:71) They say that a lion, a wolf,
and a fox became companions. They went to a
mountain, caught a wild ox, a wild goat, and a hare
and brought them to their lair; -landana
k@vri§ke (Bw) rabbit’s lair -lenda §era (Zeb)
lion’s den. [also: landan (Bw); lehn (GF-2); lend
(Zeb/IFB-2); lewd (Zeb-2); [lan j^/lane «oY] (JJ);
<lehn> ^ (HH)} P lane - ’nest’; Sor lan
j'y/lane ^ = 'nest, lair' [Bw//K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/SK/
GF/OK//HH//Zeb) <helin>
landan q) (Bw) = animal lair. See lan.
landek (K/JJ) = cradle. See landik.
landik JajY /. (-a;-e) . cradle, crib: *Landika
nevye wedere bft, ber te’lde landike rftni§t
(Dz) The grandchild's cradle was there, he sat down
under the concealment of (-hidden bv) the cradle.
[also: landek (K); lanik (IF-2); lehandik (Bw); lendik
(IF-2); [landek] -Jaj'V (JJ); <lendik> .JaJ(HH)) {syn:
be§ik, f. (F); colan; dara dergft§e; dergu§ [2]) Sor
lanik according to Noldeke 123. dim. of lane
= 'nest' [Dz/F/JB3/IF//K/JJ// HH//Bw]
lanik (IF) = cradle. See landik.
lap adv. 1) completely, totally, quite; wholly,
entirely, utterly, fully: •Bireda merik heye,
ewi ew qederi bedewe, ku ji §ewqa wi
hundure hire lap Tonayiye (Ba3-1) There is a
man in the well, he is so beautiful that from his
radiance the interior of the well is completely light
•Nevye te hela zarftnin, sere neh-deh fieva
§kenandine, sive mezin bivin, lexin, we
roje yek-dudu bikujin, eze lap batmi§
bivim (FK-kk-1) Your grandchildren are still
children [and] they have smashed in the heads of
nine or ten, tomorrow they will grow up, and then
they will kill one or two, [and] I will be completely
disgraced; 2) very (much), highly, extremely: *Lap
zftva ew keleda rftni§tiye (Ba3) For quite
some time (=since very early on) he had sat in the
castle (=dungeon) »Wi gundida ew merle lap!
dewleti ft hurmetli bftye (Ba2) He was the
richest and most respected man in that village.
{also: lapde (B-2)) Az T lap = 'very, completely,
exactly' [Ba2/K/B]
lapde (B) = completely, totally. See lap.
laqa (K) = encounter, meeting. See leqa.
laqirdi m./f(B) (-ye/ ; /-ye). 1) words,
conversation (JJ): •K’etne k’ef ft Keneka 11
laqirdiyane (Z-2) They fell to amusement, jokes .
and talk; 2) {syn: Kenek) joke, amusement (K/B):
•Eva ti§teki laqirdi nine (B) It's not a joke
•Ew laqirdiye xwe te dike (B) He's joking
with you; -laqirdi kirin (B) to joke, {also:
[laqyrdi] ^ i jfi (JJ)) < T lakirdi = '(idle) talk'; cf. Gr
loghodiarroia A-oyoSiappoia. = ’garrulity, non-stop
talking' [Z-2/K/JJ/B]
laqum (B) = sewer; mine. See leqem,
laqumgi (B) = sewerman. See leqemgi.
• •
laqum (B) = sewer; mine. See leqem.
laqumgi (B) = sewerman. See leqemgi.
lari kirin (M-Ak) = to play. See yari II.
la§ m. (-§; ). 1) {also: le§ (JB1-A&S/GF/OK-2)}
(syn: beden II; gewde) body: *Du ml ji la§ft
xwe hilkirin (L) He plucked two hairs off his
[own] body); 2) {svn: berat’e [2]; cendek; cinyaz;
kele§ I; rneyt’: term) corpse, cadaver, dead body
(K/JJ). See le§[l]; 3) carrion, body of dead animal
(Wn/JJ/TF). See le§[2]. {also: le§; [lach/las (PS)/lash
(Rh) jiY/lech/les (Lx/G) jJ] (JJ); <le§> (HH))
Cf. P las jfd = 'corpse' —> T le§; Sor la§e =
'corpse, carcass' & le§ = 'body'
IVVn/K/IFb/)J/TF/OK//M-Zx/l3/HH/JBl-A&S/GF]
la§e (GF/OK) = corpse. See le§.
lat oN f (-a;-e). l) {svn: fer§) flat, level crag; huge
(flat) rock: •Q]ft sere kopiki, pariste hindawe
lata gyay, bizanit peze kiwi li we dere
heye yan ne. Wexte gft hindawft late dit
hirgek User dara keskaneye (SK 10:95) He
went on top of the crest and crept above a patch of
mountain pasture to see whether there were wild
sheep there or not. When he went above the stretch
of meadow he saw that there was a bear in the top
of a terebinth tree *Ew lata te xwest ji bini de
biherivine [sic] we be herivandin (Wit. 2:59,
p.7) That boulder which you wanted to demolish
from the bottom up will be demolished •Mirove
tirsonek weke baye reviya ft gft xwe di
pi§t lateki [sic] de ve§art (AW69B8) The
cowardly man ran like the wind and went and hid
behind a rock; 2) {syn: *gftri (IF); tej) unit of
measure equal to one fourth (1/4) of a donum, or
250 square meters (IFb) [Cf. T evlek]; plot of land,
terrace (SK); acre, parcel of land (OK).
JBX/K/A/jB3/lFb/SK/GF/TF/OK) <fer§; le’tik; zinar>
lauk J/i (Lx) = song. See lawuk.
345
L
lava (K/IF/B/Ba2) = request, prayer. See lavahi.
lavahi f. (). request, prayer: -lavahi kirin
(K)/Iava[yi] kirin (B)/lave kirin (Msr) to
request, ask for; to beg, implore, entreat (syn: je
hevi kirin; limej kirin; t’eweqe kirin) •[Her gend
jin ft xweh lavahi dikin...Mefimed beg
dibeje ku: "Nabe!"] (JR) No matter how much
[his] wife and sister implore [him]...Mehmed beg
says, "No way!” [also: lava (K-2/IF/B/Ba2-2); lavayi
(Ba2/B-2); [lavahi kirin ^y^/labehi (JJ);
<lavekirin> (HH))" [JR/K/JJ//IF/B/Ba2//HH]
lavayi (Ba2/B) = request, prayer. See lavahi.
• «
lave kirin (Msr) = to request; to beg. See
lavahi: -lavahi kirin.
lavilavi (Zeb) = ivy. See lavlav.
lavlafk cJiNj'V (A) = ivy. See lavlav.
lavlav Sifi f. (). ivy, bot. Hedera. {also: lavilavi
(Zeb); lavlafk (A); lavlavik (GF); <lavlavik>
(HH)) Cf. Ar lablab = 'English ivy'; Sor
lawlaw= ’convolvulus’ [Zeb//IFb/OK/AA//
HH/GF//A] <daralink>
lavlavik (GF/HH) = ivy. See lavlav.
lavz _>ry m. (). l) ( syn: beje; peyiv; pirs [2]; xeber; zar
I) word (Msr/K/JJ); 2) speech, talk; dialect (K); lang¬
uage (B). j also: lefz; lewz (K/B); [lefz] (JJ)} < Ar
lafz kJ = accent; pronunciation’ [Msr//K/B//JJ]
law m./m.&f(B) (-§; ). 1) [syn: gede [5]; kuf II;
mindal; t’ifal; zaro) boy, son; child (male or female)
(B): •Lawa min (B) My daughter •Lawe min (B)
My son •Lawo! = Boy! Son! (voc.) •Mamoste,
gava ku ez dihatim mektebe lawikek li
pey min bft, hema bela xwe di min dida
(LM, p.16) Teacher, when I was coming to school a
boy was behind me, he was bothering me; 2)
young man (JJ/HH/TF); 3) beloved, lover (Bw):
•Da yara min neb§jitin “law§ min mir”
(Sube daye by Muayyid Tayyib) Lest my beloved
say “My lover is dead”; 4) [adj.] [syn: ke§xe) nice,
pretty (Bw); youthful, handsome (SK). [also: [laou]
jV (JJ); <law>/y (HH)} Cf. Arm law luil = good’;
Sor law = ’youth, young person’
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/ GF/TF/OK/Bw]
lawaz adj. 1) | syn: jar I; lexer; narin; qels I; zeyf;
zirav I) thin, slim, slender, lean; puny, undersized;
emaciated (from hunger or disease), skin and
bones: -birgi ft lawaz (Z-4) emaciated, skin and
bones: •Guri birgiye ft lawaze (Z-4) ‘Baldhead’
is skin and bones; 2) {syn: qels I[l]; sist; zeyf [2])
weak: -lawaz kirin (IFb): a) to make s.o. lose
weight; b) to weaken: »Her wesa Ingilizan
bizav kir ji bo lawazkirina role welaten
biyani li w§ dever§ (Metin 62[1997]:26)
Likewise, the English strove to weaken the role of
foreign countries in that region; 3) lean (of meat)
(K[s]). [also: [lavaz] (JJ-Rh)) Cf. Sor lawaz jl/V =
’weak’
[Z-4/K(s)/A/IFb/JJ]
lawij (IF/JB3) = religious chant. See lawuk.
lawik I = dim. of law.
lawik II (A/IF/JB3) = lament; epic; melody. See
lawuk.
lawir (Kmc-10/Hej)/lawir j/) (Zeb) = small animal.
See rawir.
lawjan (K[s)) = sad song. See lawuk.
lawje ojj'j (Prw) = love song. See lawuk.
lawuj (K[s]/JJ) = heroic song. See lawuk.
* lawuk f. 0- 1) {syn: kilam; stiran I) song, folk
song (Tkm/Lx); song, singing (K[s]) [lewij]; love
song (Prw) [lawuk/lawje]; lament (IF) [lawik]; sad
song (K[s]) [lawjan]; 2) epic, epopee, saga (JB3/IF)
[lawik]; heroic song (JJ/K[s]) [lawuj]; 3) religious
chant (IF/JB3) [lawij]; 4) couplet of a song (JJ/K[s])
[lawuj]; 5) melody (A) [lawik]. (aiso: lauk (Lx);
lawij (IF/JB3); lawik II (A/IF/JB3); lawjan (K[sl);
lawje (Prw-2); lawuj (K[s]); lewij (K[s]); [lavouj
js'V/lavyjk (JJ)) Sor lawuk = ’short lyrical
poem (a genre of Kurdish folk song) ’
[Tkm/Prw//A/IF/JB3//Lx/K(s)/IF/JB3//Prw-2]
<kilam; stiran I>
lawute (IFb) = flat metal tip for cleaning mud off a
plow. See labut.
layeq (JBl-S) = suitable; worthy. See layiq.
layiq ^y (§BS) = suitable; worthy. See layiq.
layiq j^y adj. 1) [syn: babet II[l]; hinkuf) fitting,
suitable, proper, appropriate, decent: «Layiq e (K)
It is fitting/proper *Layiq nine (K/JJ)/Ne layiq e
(K) It is not fitting/proper; -layiq ditin (K) to
consider proper; 2) [syn: heja I[2].; stel) [+ -i]
worthy, deserving (of): -laiq bftn (B) = a) to be
awarded: »Ew laiqi p’e§k’e§iya dewletS bft
(B) He was bestowed with a government award; b)
to earn, deserve, merit: »Gelo qizeke gewa w§
rasti Meme wiyi Kizkiri b§, weki layiqi
Mem§ be? (Z-l) How will a girl meet his beloved
346
L
Mem, who is worthy of him? •Hemu layiqi
eyni mafa ne (§BS, 61) Everyone deserves the
same rights •Tu laiqi wS keg’ikd nini (B) You
do not deserve (=are not worthy of) that girl; -laiq
kirin (B) = a) to make worthy; b) to favor with,
vouchsafe, condescend to grant, deign to give
(sarcastic) : *Ewi laiq nekir be me bibine (B)
He considered it beneath his dignity to come to see
us. {also: iaiq (B/F/SK); Iayeq (JBl-S); layiq (§BS);
[laiq] Y (JJ); <layiq> ^Y (HH)) <Ar la’iq jJY active
participle o/V1-y-q = 'to be proper, suitabie'--> T
layik; Za layiq (Mai) iiaiqi; layiqi; [laiqi] ^JbY (JJ))
[Z-l/K//B/F/SK//JBl-S//JJ//IFb/HH/§BS]
layiqi f (). 1) suitability, propriety, properness,
««
decency; 2) worthiness, merit, {also: laiqi (F);
[laiqi] ^Y (JJ)) [K//F/JJ) <layiq>
laze ojY, m. (B) = moment. See le’z II.
lazek JojY m. (B) - moment. See le’z II.
Iazim pjY adj. necessary: ‘Meriy§d ku qe ti§tek
ji je nelazimbilya (Ba) People who didn't need
anything at all; -lazim e [+ subj.] = it is necessary
that..., [you] must ... [cf. Fr il faut que ...] ‘Lazim
e tu heri (L) You must go ‘Lazime, ku em
wexteda k’are zivistane bibinin (B) We must
make ready for winter on time, j also: [lazim]
(JJ); <lazim> ^jY (HH)[ (syn: divet (see at vin];
gerek; hewce; pewist) <Ar lazim pjY --> P lazim
pjY --> T lazim {lazimati; Iazhnayi; lazim[t]i)
[L/K/IFb/B/HH/JJ/SK]
lazimati ^yLjY (K/B) = necessity. See lazimayi.
lazimayi ^LjY /. (). necessity, {also: lazimati (K/B);
lazimi (K/B); lazimti (K/B)} [K/B] <lazim>
lazimi ^jY (K/B) = necessity. See lazimayi.
• »
lazimti ^^jY (K/B) = necessity. See lazimayi.
laztit oj^jY m. (-e; ). corn [British; maize], bot. Zea
mays: *Laztit@ min pir xurt bilye (Krg) My
corn has grown very well, {also: [lazout] o^jY (JJ))
\syn: garis[e stanboli]; genime§ami; genmok; gilgile
Stembole (Haz); zuret I) [Krg/Haz/Mzg/IFb/JJ]
<genim; xirovi>
Iebat I oLJ /. (). 1) motion, movement; 2) i syn:
galaki; livbazi] action, activity: ‘Program H
livbaziyen (lebat§n) HEP’6 dikarin bibin
mijar^n rexney§ (Wit 1:43, p.9) The programs
and activities of HEP can be the subject (or, object)
of criticism, [also: libat (IFb-2); [lipat] oU (JJ)}
[ W1 t/K/A/IFb/GF //JJ] <t’evgef> See also lipat.
lebitandin jjjboAJ (HH) = to (cause to) move (vtj . See
lipitandin.
lebitin (HH) = to move, budge (vi.) . See
Iipitin.
lec :><J f. ( ;-e). 1) competition, contest, race;
-hevra k’etin lece (K) to compete with each
other, enter a competition: *Ew usa lez
dik’etin, m§riv qey digot ew hevra
k’etibUne lec@, gika k’ijan ji wana zti. xwe
digihine germa de§ta (Ba2:l, p.202) They [=the
brooks] fell so quickly, that people said (=it seemed
as if) they were racing each other, to see which one
of them will reach the warmth of the plains first [lit.
'early’]; 2) battle (JB3); 3) contradiction (JJ). [also:
[ledj] (JJ)) < Ar Iajj = ’quarreling'; Za lej m. =
'war, fight’ (Todd) [Ba2/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/OK]
Le’d /. ( ;-e). Sunday: -Le’d£ (Msr) on Sunday.
{also: Lahd (IF-2); Lehd (IF); Leht (Czr/Btm); [lad
jY/rouj-a ladi ^jY Ijju] (JJ); <leKd> (HH)) [syn:
Bazar [3]; Yek§em] < Ar (yawm) al-ahad a^YI Cpi);
cf. Judeo-Spanish alxad
[Msr/K/B/SC//IF//JJ//HH//Czr/Btm]
lefz_>j<J = word; speech. See lavz.
legleg J /. ( ;-e). stork, zool. Ciconia ciconia:
•Legleg ji zu tet, wexte hatina we he§ta
befr il §ilowe ye, serma ye, bihar niye (SK
29:263) The stork also comes early. When it comes
there is still snow and slush and it is cold, it is not
spring; -tie’ci legleg (B) do. {also: [leqleq
Jui/Ieghlegh (G) JM] (JJ); <legleg> JM (HH))
[syn: Hacire§k) Cf. Ar laqlaq jiaJ/laqlaq qY^J; P
laglag jM; T leylek; Sor leqleq ^MjiAJ/fiaci leqleq
jJs-J [SK/K/A/TFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
lehandik jJjjIaaJ (Bw) = cradle. See landik.
Lehd xaa J (IF) = Sunday. See Le’d.
leheng J m. (-e; ). hero, champion: *B§
guman e Celadet Bedirxan, lehengS ziman,
rojname d ganda Kurd! gi§ti bH (1:42, p.10)
Without a double Jeladet Badirkhan was the
general champion of Kurdish language, newspapers
and culture, {syn: 'efat; 'egit; gernas; merxas;
p’elewan) [Wlt/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
lehef oilfcdJ (K) = quilt. See liKef.
lehi f (-ya; ). flood, inundation, high water (as
result of springtime thaw): ‘Dema buhar t§,
hedi hedi berf ji erde radibe, giya <1 ban!
h§§!n dibin, berf dihele, ava geman zfide
347
L
dibin*, li gelek cihan ev §axen geman
digihijin hev ft dibin lehi. Lehi carna
gund H avahiyan dide ber xwe fi. dibe (Wit
1:42, p.4) When spring comes, the snow slowly
rises from the ground, the mountains and hillsides
turn green, the snow melts, river waters increase, in
many places these river branches come together
and become a flood. Sometimes the flood pushes
villages and structures before it and carries them
.off. {also: lev! (QtrE); [lei] ^ (JJ); <ley!> (HH)|
[Wlt/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK//JJ/HH] <avrabun;
lemigt; selav; t[ 1 ]ofan>
lehistik (K) = game. See listik.
lehistin <0 = to play; to dance. See listin.
lehistok J (K) = toy. See listok.
lehizin [K[s]) = to play; to dance. See listin.
lehn QjfcJ (GF/HH) = animal lair. See lan.
Lefit co-d (Czr/Btm) = Sunday. See Le’d.
lek f. Q. 1) one hundred thousand (100,000)
(IFb); 2) large division of soldiers ; army corps
consisting of 100,000 men (JJ). ( also: [lek] «Jl) (]})}
Cf. P lak JJ = 100,000 [BK/IFb/JJ/GF]
lekan jlTkJ (IFb/TF/JJ)/lek 5 an, m.(K)/f.(B) (K/B) = snow
shoe. See liyan II.
leka§ ji ITJ (IF) = (old) shoe. See §ekal.
lek*e f. (•a;»e). 1) spot, blemish, stain; 2) (fig.)
mark of disgrace, blemish (on one's reputation) :
•Lek’a ’Eyne giye? (EP-5, #6) What is wrong
with Ayneh? [lit. 'What is Ayneh’s blemish?’], {also:
[leke] (JJ); <leke> *0 (HH)} Cf. P lakke *£) ~>
T leke; Sor leke <^J
[EP-5/F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH/GF]
lekedar jIjaT-J adj . stained, spotted. [SK/GF] <leke>
lei J*J, f. (B) = ruby. See lal II.
lele JJ m, (). manservant or tutor of the son of a
sultan, king, etc.; pedagogue: •Mem li pe§iye
te’lim u terbiyeta xwe li cem daye
distand, pa§@ li cem lele cure-cure ’ulim
hin btiye, ew hint suwariye, tiravejiye
dikirin (K-d§, p. 88) Mem received his first
education and training from his mother, then he
learned various sciences from his pedagogue; he
learned horseback riding [and] archery. Cf. P lale
JJ ~> T lala [EP-7/IF]
lem m. (-§; ). vine stock, long vines of
watermelon, squash, cucumber plants, etc.: -leme
'enctira (Qrj) Russian cucumber vine; -lem§
qundira (Qrj) squash or zucchini vine; -leme
zebe§a (Qrj) watermelon vine, {also: <lem>
(HH)} [Qrj/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/CB] <mew; p’arez I>
lema L*J conj. 1) (syn: gimk’i) because, for, since
(reason) : •!ro hewalek Mhemmed Xan heye,
loma ne hatiye bi me re (L) Today something
is up with M. Khan, since he hasn't come with us;
2) therefore, hence [often + ji]: •Jine ji zanibU,
weki tlsibi ze’f aqile, lema j! ewe
g’e’vnebari li wi dikir (Ba) The woman also
knew that Joseph was [lit. 'is'] very smart, therefore
she despised him *Le hire te ji mala min ti§t
dizine, lema ji min ew girtine (Ba3) But your
brothers stole things from my house, and therefore
I arrested them •[Khan Chengzerin never cursed
horses or their god-protectors ('Pire liespa’)] Lema
p’ire hespa xan hez kir (EP-8) Therefore the
god-protector of horses liked the khan •Here
Zine, lema diven: qismi jin heye p’arsil
xare (Z-l) ?Come Zin, for they say that some
women are fickle •[Lewrani qesmi xwendi ft
mela di niv ekradan bi tima u xesti(?)
me§hurin] (JR) Because of this, learned people
and mullahs have a reputation among the Kurds for
being greedy, [also: lewma (K/JB3); lewma (ko) (IF);
lewra (K[s]/IF/JB 1-A); lewre (K[s]J; lewrani (JR);
loma (L/B-2); [luma ^^J/leou^J /leoura
/leourani (JJ); <lewre> (HH)}
|Ba/K/P/B//F/JB3/lF//K(s)/HM//IF/JBl-A//JR//L]
lend J (Zeb/IFb) = den, lair. See lan.
lendik (IF/HH) = cradle. See landik.
leng jj J adj. 1) {syn: t’opal} lame, limping; 2)
awkward (lit. & fig.): *Ya leng e (Zeb) It [=the
sentence] is awkward, {also: [lenk] JjJ (JJ); <leng>
JjJ (HH)| Cf. P lang JU; Sor leng Jj<J = 'lame,
out of balance’ [Zeb/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/RZ]
lenger I f (). 1) [syn: girani (F)} anchor
(F/K/A/IF): »Qesr ft qonaxe Alan-p’a§a li ser
gar lengerane (Z-2) Alan pasha's palace is [held
up] on four anchors; 2) in architecture, the 'camel
foot' [deve ayagi] of a bridge (IF); 3) equilibrium,
balance (IF); 4) [adj.] lame (A/JJ). Cf. P langar _^U;
Sor lenger jaCJ = 1) sofa cushion; 2) rhyme; 3)
anchor [Z-2/F/K/A/IF/QJ)]
lenger II J (IF) = tray. See lengeri.
lengeri J f. (-ya; ). wide tray, wide platter
r"
(IF); flat copper tray on which food is served
348
(B/HH): •Pile rabu, gu dik’ane, lengerik
t’iji s5ve babeti XeceTa k’iri, ani (IS-#263)
The old woman went to the story and bought a
platter full of fine apples for Khej [lit. 'apples
worthy of Khej']. {also: lenger II (IF); lengerik (JBl-
A); [langherfe (G)/langarI (Rh)] (S JU (JJ); <lengeri>
cS ^J (HH)) {syn: seni| [IS/B/JJ/HH//IF//JB1-A]
<berke§; mecme c ; tiryan>
lengerik J (JBl-A) = tray. See lengeri.
lengirin vi. (-lengir-). to limp, be lame.
{also: <lingirin> U (Hej); cf. also [langhin]
( -j-S 1J (JJ)) {syn: kulin; licimin) [Frq//Hej] <leng>
lep f./ni.(K) (-a/ ;-e/ ). 1) { syn: geng I) paw (of
an animal) ; 2) whole hand, including palm and
fingers (HH/IFb/GF); wrist, hand (JJ); 3) blow with
the paw: «§er lepek li hesp da ku§t (Dz) The
lion killed the horse with one blow of his paw [lit.
'gave a paw to/at the horse, killed [him]']. {also:
[lep] (JJ); <lep> v J (HH)) Sor lep = 'palm of
hand'; Za lep m. = 'hand, palm’ (Mai); Cf. also Rus
lapa Aana = ’paw' |F/Dz/K/A/iFb/l3/jj/nn/GF|
lepik JL>«J m. (). 1) {syn: destgork (Bw); t’etik [2])
glove: -lepike her! (IF) woolen gloves; 2) handle
(e.g.. on a fan or knapsack) (Bw); 3) string (on an
apron, or connecting the two arms of a pair of
eyeglasses), {also: [lepik] eLJ (JJ); <Iepik> JJ
(HH)) |A(!/I'7K/A/]133/IFb/n/)J/IIII/Ca70K/Zuh|
lepitandin (K) = to (cause to) move (vt.) . See
lipitandin.
lepitin J (K) = to move, budge. See lipitin.
leq I q J f (). bite, biting: -leq dan [+li] (Bw/SK) to
bite {svn: gestin): •Hingo ‘adet kiriye, kese
deste merbemet§ bi sere hingoda binit de
leqeki li wi desti dan, we kese piye bi-gu
di sere hingo bihusht mirg-mirg de wi p§
mag ken (SK 57:661) If anyone lavs a
compassionate hand upon your head you have
been accustomed to bite that hand, and if anyone
wipes a dung-covered foot on your face then you
kiss that foot noisily. [Bw/IFb/SK]
leqa f. (). encounter, meeting: -leqayi fk-t bftn
(IFb) to meet, encounter, bump into: •Leqayi
yeki ixtiyar dibin (Z-3) They encounter an old
man. {also: laqa (K); [liqa bouin] UJ (JJ)) <Ar
liqaTUJ = 'meeting' |z-:i/lFb//K//jj] <fast>
leqandin vt. (-ieqin-J. to (cause to) move,
stir, budge (vt.): -ji ci leqandin = to move stg.
from its place, to dislodge: •T , u qeweta
nikaribb wana ji ci bileqine (Ba2:l, p.203)
No force could budge them, {also: [leqandin]
^ jjUJ (JJ); <leqandin jjjUJ (dileqine)
Cj}/leqliqandin jUiaJ(dileqliqine)
(HH)) {syn: bizaftin; lipitandin;
livandin) [Ba2/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<leqin>
leqem f. (-a;-e). 1) underground passage,
tunnel; sewer: *Li mezelka min beta li
mezelka kure Ebmed Helwagi bo min
lexmeyeke le den, gende bideme hungo?
(M-Ak #658, p.298) If you make a tunnel from my
room to the room of Ahmed Halwachi's son, how
much must I give you?; 2) {syn: tepink (IF)) land
mine (hidden explosive), {also: laqum (B); laqum
(B-2); lexem (IFb/GF); lexim (GF-2); lexem; lexme
(M-Ak); [leqoum] (JJ); <lexm> (HH)) <Ar
layam/luym = 'mine' & T lagim = 'sewer'; Sor
lexem ^ J = 'mine, tunnel’
[Z-l/K//B/JJ//HH//IFb/GF] <k’arez>
leqemgi m. (). 1) someone who works in
• •
underground passages, tunneler, sewerman:
•Lexmegiya lexme le da beta niveka
mezelka kurekey der exist (M-Ak #658,
p.298) The [tunnelers] made a tunnel and brought
it out in the middle of the boy’s room; 2) sapper,
land mine expert, {also: laqumgi (B); laqumgi (B-2);
lexmec[i] (GF); lexmegi (M-Ak); <lexmgi>
(HH)) <T lagimci = ’sewerman'
[Z-1/K//HH//M-Ak//GF//B]
leqin vi. (-leq-). to move, stir, budge (vi.) : -ji
ci leqin (K) to move from its place, get going:
•Weki ew ni§keva ji cied xwe bileqyana
(Ba2:l. p.203) If they were suddenly to move from
their place, {also: [leqiian] jL&J (JJ); <leqan jUJ
(dileqe) (HH)) {svn: biziftin; lipitin; livin I)
[Ba2/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <leqandin>
lerizin jJ (K/B/IFb/TF) = to shake (vi.). See
lerzin.
lerzin qjJjJ vi. (-lerz-). to tremble, shake (vi.) ; to
shiver: •Sone ji tirsan lerzi (SK 4:51) The
drake [=male duck] shivered with fright, {also:
lerizin (K/B/IFb-2/TF); [lerzin] (JJ); <lerizin
(dilerizi) (HH)) (syn/hejin; kil II
bun; ricifin) Cf. P larzldan jjoyJ; Sor lerzan jljjoJ
(lerze-)/lerzin (lerz-) = ’to tremble, shiver,
349
L
palpitate (heart)'; Za lerzena [lerz(iy)ayi§]
(Todd/Mal); Hau lerzay (larz-) vi. (M4)
[F/A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK//K/B/HH/TF]
le§ Ji *d m. (-§; ). 1) {also: la§ (K/JJ-2); la§e (GF-2/OK-
2)) { syn: berat’e [2]; cendek; cinyaz; kele§ I; meyt’;
term) corpse, cadaver, dead body: «B!ne nan£
genimi, duhn bide, bexe le§e min, eze sax
bim (M-Zx #757) Bring wheat bread, spread it
with fat, put it on my body and I shall be cured
[i.e., come to life again]; 2) {also: la§ (Wn/JJ/TF))
carrion, carcass, body of dead animal (IFb/HH/
JBl-A&S); 3) (syn/beden II) body. See la§. {also:
Ia§; la§e (GF-2/OK-2); [lach (jt^/lech ^iJ] (JJ);
<le§> (HH)) Cf. P las jf) = corpse' --> T le§; Sor
la§e = 'corpse, carcass' & le§ = 'body' [M-
Zx/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/GF/OK//Wn/K/TF]
le§ker J m. (-e; ). 1) [syn: arte§; esker [2]; ordi)
army: •Digel niwro beraiya le§kire Cindi
Axa gehe§te neziki gundt (SK 40:365) At
midday the vanguard of Jindi Agha's army came
near the village # To digel le§kir! here, dest
bi §eri biken (SK 40:365) You go with the army
and start fighting; 2) {syn: serbaz) soldier (IFb/TF).
{also: le§kir (SK); [lechkir] JjJ (JJ)) Cf. P laskar
Jjd - 'army' (also Ar ‘askar = army’ possibly
al-‘askar with definite article al- <P laskar);
Sor le§kir ^ J [Voa/K/A/IFb/GF/TF//JJ/SK]
le§kir JC, J (SK/JJ) = army. See le§ker.
le’tik f. (-a;-£). 1) vegetable garden where
peppers, tomatoes, etc. are grown, kitchen garden
(Msr); 2) small plot of land (HH). {also: <lehtik>
(HH)) Cf. Sor let = 'piece, fragment'
[Msr//HH] <lat [2]; p’arez I>
letilandin vt. (-letilin-). to leave, abandon:
• Tu xema gi§ka biletilin (FK-eb-1) Leave aside
all grief. [FK-l/K]
lev <J<d adv. from each other; to each other, {syn: lekj
< li = 'to' + hev = 'each other’ [BX/K/B]
levandin (OK/JJ) = to move (vt.). See livandin.
leven m. (-e; ). reed, cane, bot. Trichoon
phragmites : -leven£ §ekir (IFb)/~§ekr£ (OK)
sugar cane, bot. Saccharum officinarum. {syn:
qami§ [1); zil) Sor lewan = 'coarse kind of
reed, bamboo' [Dh/Bar/K(s)/IFb/GF/OK/RZ]
lewa§ m. ( ; lewe§) = lavash bread. See lo§.
lewd (Zeb) = den, lair. See lan.
lewendi f. (-ya; ). hanging sleeve, sleeve
• •
ending; "Although I had worn Kurdish dresses in
Mawana and in Mr. Sheikhzadeh’s village, I had
not dressed myself before. Now I had to struggle to
put the kiras over my head, wrap the sash of this
underdress around my waist, and draw the long
pointed sleeve endings out so that when I put on
the fistan I could tie the kiras sleeve ends and
throw them over my head, where they would ride
on my back." [from: Margaret Kahn. Children of
the Jinn (New York : Seaview Books, 1980), pp.
179-80]. {also: [lawandl] (JJ-Rh); <lewendi>
(Hej)) = Sor feqyane [Bw/Zx/JJ-
Rh/OK/Hej] <hugik>
lewij (K[s]) = song. See lawuk.
lewitin I vi. (-lewit-). to be soiled, be
defiled, be polluted, to get dirty: ko keska
pexember dide ser§ xwe, nahele tu carl
bilewite, e te, tu e her! keska pexember,
di nav heriyg bid! ft tu qimeta w£ nizan!
(RN 3:52, p.2) He who puts the green [turban?] of
the prophet on his head, never lets it get dirty, and
you, you will go put the prophets green [turban?]
in the mud, you don’t know its worth, {also:
[leoutin] (JJ)) <Ar lawwata II = 'to pollute,
sully’; Sor lewtan (Hej) [RN/K/A/B/TF]
lewleb f.(Zeb)/m.(Alkan) (-a/-e; ). wooden
handle bar inserted between forelegs and hind legs
at each end of a skin sack used for churning:
• [Nergisa koger] ... lolep di dest de dew
kiyaye bey! ku me§ka we gilkan bire§!ne
(Lab, 8) [Nergis the nomad girl] ... with a wooden
handle bar in her hand, churned the buttermilk
without her skin sack spilling a drop • Pi§t! ku
diya min dewe xwe dikila, me§ka xwe ya
re§ ji dare dadixist ... bi dest£ rast£ bi
lewlebe pe§! u bi ye gepe j! bi lewlebe
pa§! digirtin ft dew£ gil-sip! vala dikir
bero§£ (Alkan, 71) After my mother churned her
buttermilk, she removed her black skin butter
churner from the wooden frame ... and held the
front handle bar with her right hand and the back
handle bar with her left, and emptied the snow
white buttermilk into the pail, {also: lole (IFb-2);
lolep (Lab)) Sor lurelep (W&E)/ lorelep
(Hej) [Alkan/A/IFb/TF//Lab] <me§k>
350
L
lewma (K/JB3)/lewma (ko) (IF) = because;
therefore. See lema.
lewra )^ (K[s]/IF/JBl-A/JJ) = because; therefore. See
lema.
lewre (K[s]/HH) = because; therefore. See lema.
lewrani ^ J (JR/JJ) = because; therefore. See lema.
lewxet J f. (-a; ). 1) { syn: gill [1]; peyiv; pirs
[2]; xeber; zar I) word (K[s]/JJ/JBl-S); 2) phrase
(JJ/JBl-S); 3) {syn: ziman) language (HH/JBl-S); 4)
singing (K[s]): »Teyre te xwe§ teyr e, lewxeta
w! xwe§ e (L) Your bird is a fine bird, its song is
fine. ( also: loqet (JBl-S); [loughet] (}}); <lixet>
ojJ (HH)) <Ar luyah = 'language' ~> P loyat
ojJ = ’word'; —> T lugat = ’dictionary’. For the
meaning of 'singing', cf. kilam = 'song', from an
Arabic word meaning 'speaking' [L/K//JB1-
S//JJ//HH] <peyiv; ziman>
lewz (K/B) - word; speech. See lavz.
lexem (IFb/GF) = sewer; tunnel; mine. See
leqem.
lexer adj. thin and weak (of animals) , decrepit;
lean (of meat) : 'Em se-gar ritil titun li kere
xwe e lexer bar dikin (MB) We load three or
four rotls of tobacco onto our decrepit donkey.
{also: [lagher] (JJ); <lexer> >J (HH)} {syn: jar I;
lawaz; narin; qels I; zeyf; zirav 1} < P layar yf) --> T
lagar; Sorter j<J [MB//JJ//HH]
lexim (GF) = sewer; tunnel; mine. See leqem.
lexem = sewer; tunnel; mine. See leqem.
lexlemi§ -lexlemi§ bdn (K) to crowd,
gather around: »Diwana Al p’a§a Fiji meriv
bd, lexlemi§ bti btin, gi li hivia Meme bdn
(FK-eb-1) Al pasha's diwan was full of people [who]
had flocked around, waiting for Mem. Cf. T
lehlemek [Sarikanu§, Selim-Kars; Erzurum; Agn;
Erci§-Van] & lahlamak [Ahlat-Bitlis] = 'to pant with
fatigue' (DS, v. 9, p. 3070) & leklemek [Kars] (AC-
1, p. 265) = 'to be stopped lip, to gasp for breath,
to pant' & Az T lahlamak = 'to pant’ [FK-l/K]
lexme (M-Ak) = sewer; tunnel; mine. See leqem.
lexmeci (GF) = sewerman; sapper, landmine
expert. See leqemgi.
lexmegi (M-Ak) = sewerman; sapper, landmine
expert. See leqemgi.
leyistin { j^ i J (JB 1 -S/JB 3 /HH/TF) = to play; to dance.
See listin.
leyistok (JB3) = toy. See listok.
leyistik (IFb) = game. See listik.
leyistin (IFb) = to play; to dance. See listin.
leyistok J (IFb/TF) = toy. See listok.
leylan f ( ;-e). 1) tune, melody; 2) {syn:
kilam) song: »Stran ti leylandn k’urdi =
Kurdish songs and melodies; 3) mirage
(K/A/JB3/B/IFb). [K/A/JB3/IFb/B] <lelandin>
Leyla u Mecnun 3 (KS) = Gemini. See leyl
ft mecndn.
leyl u mecnun 3 0 LJ f. ( ;-e). Gemini (star
constellation): »Bi §iyarbdn§ re min dit ku
ew sterka li neziki Leyla n Mecndn rijiya
erde (KS, p. 49) Upon awakening I saw that that
star near the Gemini constellation had fallen to
earth, {also: Leyla u Mecnun (KS); leyl u mecrum
(GF-2/OK); <leylumecrum> (Hej)) {syn:
cewi) <Ar Layla wa-Majnun the names
of two lovers [KS//IFb/GF//OK/Hej]
leyl u mecrum 3 Jj(GF/OK) = Gemini. See
leyl ti mecndn.
leymun (A/TF/RZ/CB) = lemon. See limon.
leystik (Msr) = game. See listik.
leystin (B/Msr) = to play; to dance. See listin.
lez I j*J adj. l) fast, quick, rapid: -lez bi lez
(IFb)/lez u bez (IFb) in a jiffy, lickity split; 2)
urgent, hurried, hasty; 3) [f ] haste, rush (JJ/HH).
{also: [lezyJ/lezi c5 >f] (JJ); <lez>yJ (HH)) {lezahi;
lezani; lezi; lezti) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
le’z II f. (). moment: -le’zeke = for a moment:
•Em le’zekg vegerin diwana Al-p’a§a (Z-l)
Let's go back to A.p.'s court for a moment, {also:
laze[k], m. (B); le’ze (B); [lehze] (JJ)) < Ar
lahzah^J [Z-1/K//B/JJ]
lezahi Ls ^\ j«J (IF) = speed. See lezti.
• •
lezandin jjj)j J vt. & vi. (-lezin-). 1) to hurry s.o.
up (vt.) ; to accelerate, speed stg. up: -xwe
lezandin = to hurry, be in a hurry; 2) to hurry
(vi.) . {also: [lezandin] (JJ); <lezandin jjjLJ
(dilezine) (HH)) [K/JB3/IF/B/HH/JJ] <lez
I>
lezani (K) = speed. See lezti.
le’ze (B) = moment. See le’z II.
lezet J f ( ;-e). 1) {syn: k’ef) delight, pleasure
(K/IF/B): -lezet dayin (B) to give pleasure; -lezet
ditin (K/JJ/B)/- stendin (B) to take delight in,
enjoy; 2) taste, flavor (JB3/IF/JJ). [also: [lezet]
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(JJ); <lezet> ojJ (HH)) < Ar laddah oXi [EP-
7/F/K/JB3/IF/JJ/B/HH]
lezi J (K/JJ) = speed. See lezti.
9*
lezti (Jjoj f (). speed, rapidity, velocity, {also: lezahi
(IF); lezani (K); lezi (K/JJ)} [K/B//IF//JJ]
<lez I>
le I conj. 1) {syn: bes I; lebele} but: *£111 dibejin,
••
1§ ew gura me nake (B) We tell [him], but he
doesn't listen to us; 2) but rather, rather: *Ev ne
gureguren Hitler, le yen Xwede ne (Rnh)
Those are not the rumblings of Hitler [=Nazi
bomber planes], but rather those of God •Sibe na
1§ dusibe eze b§me cem we (F) I will come to
[visit] you not tomorrow, but rather the next day.
{also: [le] (JJ)} [F/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/JB1-A&S]
1@ II pm. from him/her/it. < li = 'from; to’ +
e/we/wi = 'her, him' [BX/K/IF/B]
1§ III voc. particle. O, hey (when calling one
female: lo is used when calling one male; geli is
used in calling more than one person) . {also: <le>
J (HH)} [K/IFb/HH/GF/TF] <lo; geli I>
leb (K[s]/GF/JJ-Rh) = trick, ruse. See lep.
ISbandin qjjLiJ vt. (-lebin-). to fool, deceive,
trick: •‘Usmanian teltifa Kurdan o
lebandina wan faydetir o senaitir zanin
(SK 56:647) The Turks considered it more
profitable and easier to placate the Kurds and
deceive them •Suto zani kewli heye ko Teto
bilSbinit (SK 61:768) Suto knew that there was a
chance to fool Teto *Xudane keri ji weto
xiyal dikir ko her do hewalet wi de hari
wi ken, nedizani ko rezewani her do
l@bandine (SK 8:80) The owner of the donkey
thought that his two companions would help him,
not knowing that the gardener had deceived them.
{syn: xapandin} for etymology see lebyan
[SK/RZ] <lep>
1§ banin vi. (li ... -ban-), to grow used to
• •
gradually, warm up to (e.g., animals to a
newcomer): • Berx li miye dibane, le mih li
berx§ nabane (Qzl) The lamb warms up to the
ewe, but the ewe doesn’t warm up to the lamb.
{also: banin (A/IFb); le banyan (Qzl-2)}
[Qrj/Qzl//A/IFb//GF] < c elimin; hin I; rahatin>
le banyan ^IpL^J (Qzl) = to grow used to. See 1§
banin.
lebel§ conj. but, however, {syn: bes I; 1§ 1} Za
labele; =Sor beiam [BX/K/IFb/GF/TF]
leborin qjP.cJ (IFb) = to pardon. See leborin.
»»
le*borin vt. (li... -bor-). 1 ) to pardon,
forgive: *[Eger mirovek qebaKeteki mezin
bike il bige xwe bav§je bext@ yeki elbette
ji qisura wi diborin] (BN, pp.197-98) If a
person commits a great sin and goes and pleads for
mercy [lit., throws himself at the luck of s.o.], they
will certainly forgive him; 2 ) [/ ().] pardon,
forgiveness, {also: bihurtin[4] (OK); leborin (IFb);
leburin (OK- 2 ); [bonn/burin] (JJ-Rh) = 'to
pardon (let stg. pass)’}(syn: bex§andin; c efu kirin; le
xwe§ bun} Sor leburdin = 'to pardon,
dispense with, let go 1 [BN/JJ-Rh// RF/RZ//IFb//OK]
See also bihurtin.
leburin (OK) = to pardon. See leborin.
_ »»
l§byan vi. (-lebye-). to be fooled, deceived:
• Bi dewe her kese nelebyet (SK 2:17) Let him
not he deceived by what each person says, {syn:
xapin} cf. Skt Vrep- = 'to deceive'; P fireftan
(fireb) C<pra- + Vrep-(or perhaps cf. Ar Vl“ c -b
- ’to play’) [SK] <lep>
le civin ^^ 3 .^ vi. (li ... -civ-), to gang up on:
»»
• Do ew u gar bire xwe li min civiyan (Qzl)
Yesterday his four brothers and he ganged up on
me *Ez li we civiyam (Qzl) I’ve beaten you
guys (in cards) [humorous usage] [Qzl]
leg adj. slauted, at an angle, sloping downward.
{also: lej (Slm/OK)} Sor lej jlJ = 'sloping
downward’ [Qzl/IFb//Slm/OK] <vel>
le*dan vt. (le-d-). 1) {sj^n: k’utan; lexistin;
repandin} to strike, hit, beat: -ledan glln = to 'up
and leave', depart (syn: lexistin gun}: *Ez ledam
grim (Z-922) I up and left •Ledidin digin (Z-
922) They up and leave; -xwe ledan (Zeb) to
wrestle; 2 ) play (musical instrument): *Em ji ewe
he§t neh roj e ji lae Silemani H Kerkiik§
li-dtl nawbang@ Efimed Axae B erwari teyn
da bo wi def o kemanga le-deyn o lawjan
b§jin (SK 27:243) For eight or nine days now we
have come from the direction of Sulaimaniya and
Kerkuk following the fame of Ahmad Agha
Barwari, in order to play the drum and viol for
him and to sing him songs, {also: [le-dan]
(JJ); cledan jl-xJ (ledide) (HH))
[Z-922/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/SK]
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l@f o&J f. (-a; ). pen or enclosure in which ewes
lamb, lambing pen: *Kurd xwe p£k tinin, da
bi keriy^n xwe ve herin lefa (SW-#18 [Ereb
§emo]) The Kurds get ready to go to the lambing
pen with their flocks, {syn: dolge) [SW-#i8/K(s)/GFJ
<axil; gom I; guher; k’oz; mexel>
le»hatin vi. (le-[h]e-). 1) (sjm: bun[2]) to
become, get: *Ez digtlm li def doktori, ez
xirabtir le hatim (Bw) I went to the doctor, and
I got worse *Kawdanen devere dijwartir u
aloztir le hatine (Metin 62[1997]:25) The
situation of the region has become harder and
more complex *Ku min tu diti, ez getir le
hatim (Bw) When I saw you, I felt/became better;
2) to happen to, become of, befall: *£i le hat?
(Bw) What happened to him? or. What became of
him?; 3) to be fitting, suitable, appropriate: -k’es
1£ hatin (A/JB3/IF) to have an opportunity or
chance, find the right time or conditions to do stg.:
• Gur kir nekir kesa wi le ne hat ko bigire
(SW) No matter what the wolf did, he couldn't
manage to catch it »Kes li min hat (JB3) I had
the opportunity *Keysa min le hat (IF) I found
the opportunity; 4) to agree with s.o., suit (e.g ., of
food one has consumed): »Li min nehat (Bw) [X]
did not agree with me/gave me a stomach ache.
fBw/Zi;h/Dh/Motm/K/A/iM)/c;i'7’rF| <*lekinandin>
lehmi§t (Bw) = flood. See lemi§t.
lej (Slm/OK) = slanted. See leg.
lek JjJ adv. from each other, from one another. < li =
»»
’from; to' + ek = 'each other' \syn: lev) [BX/IF]
ISker /’. (-a; ). verb: -lekera arikar (IF)
auxiliary verb; -lekera berez (IF) irregular verb:
-lekera (ne)gerandi (IF) (in)transitive verb;
-ISkera hevedudani (IF) compound verb;
-lekera nekesin (IF) impersonal verb; -lekera
rezdar (IF) regular verb, {syn: fel II; *pe§ing (IF);
*pi§k (IF)) f(neol)K/JB3/IF]
le»kirin vt. (le-k-). 1) {syn: bar kirin) to put
on, load up; -bar lekirin (IF) to load up; -k’inc
ISkirin (K/IF) to dress s.o. (vt.) : •Xulam
xizmetk’ara k’incd w! lekirin (Z-l) The
servants dressed him [lit. 'put his clothes on him’];
-k’inc li xwe kirin (K) to dress (vi.) , get
dressed; 2) to pour, spill (liquids) (HH); to load or
pour stg. from above onto stg. (IF): -av lekirin
(IF/B) to give s.o. a shower, bathe s.o. (by pouring
warmed water over s.o. in a basin): »Di van
rojan da §ahan sib£ dereng radibe. Dtya
wi ave le dike ft kincen wi diguhure (DZK,
p.81) On those days Shahan wakes up late in the
morning. His mother bathes him and changes his
clothes, [also: [le-kirin] (yj> (JI); clekirin
(ledike) (VjJ)> (HH)}
[Z-l/K/A/IF/JJ/B/HH]
lekolan (IFb/TF/OK) = to investigate. See
Iekolin.
le*kolin vt. (le-kol-). 1) {syn: li ser ft-i
• •
fawestan/sekinin) to study, investigate, examine,
research, look into: *Civat ne wek mahkem@
ye. Heqe xweparastine nade te, ... B§
taloq u be ku lebikole, di celsa p£§t de te
mahkum dike (LC, p. 15) Society is not like a
court. It doesn't give you the right to defend
yourself ... Without delay and without doing any
research, it condemns you at the first session; 2) [f.
(-a; ).] a study, investigation, examination;
research: »Beri ku em werin ser ldkolina
Alaeddin Seccadi ya berfireh (CA, p.67)
Before we come to Alaeddin Sejjadi’s wide-ranging
study • lekolm li ser zimane Kurdi (IFb)
research on the Kurdish language, f also: lekolan
(IFb-2/TF/OK-2)) Sor le*kolinewe
[(neol)CA/IFb/GF/OK/RF//TF] <hur>
le*ku§tin vt. (li ... -kuj-). to deduct
(money). [Zeb]
lelandin jjoYl) vt. (-lelin-). 1) {syn: stiran 1} to
sing; 2) to shout (HM/fJ): • [Bi dengeki Ei§k
dilelinin] (HM) They shout in a shrill voice, {also:
lilandin (K/KS); [lllandin] (JJ))
[HM//K/JJ/KS] <leylan>
lelav f. (-a; ). slush, melting snow: -16lava
befre (Zeb) do. {also: <lelav> (HH)}
[Zeb/IFb/HH/GF] <berf; §ilop’e>
lemi§t cuJ f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: selav [2]; Fofan [1]}
flood, deluge, inundation; 2) lava (Zeb). {also:
lehmi§t (Bw); [li-micht] (JJ); <lemi§t> oJLol)
(Hej)} <le + mi§t- (-mal-) - 'to sweep’; =Sor lafawjUy
= ’flood, torrent' [Zeb/K/IFb/B/GF/RZ/Hej// JJ//Bw]
<avrabun; lehi>
le*nan jLlJ vt. (l@-n- [JBl-A]/-l£n- [Bw]). to cook,
prepare a meal, make (a dish): «Ew jirmama
min t’e§t’ a Ienay u tu u mame min de
v£kra xon (JBl-A #149) This aunt of mine has
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made breakfast, and you and my uncle will eat
together «Ez d£ p’ilavekd IGnim (JBl-A #142)
I will make rice, {also: lenandin (Bw-2)) Sor [ge§t]
lenan jLlf - 'to cook (food)' [Bw/
JBl-A/OK] <patin>
lenandin jjjLl) (Bw) = to cook. See lenan.
l§p ^ZJ t ( ;-e). trick, guile, ruse, deceit: «[Ku§tina
wi li ustuyG min, ez d£ lepeke li wi bikim
H b£ zefimet ewi bidime ku§tin] (JR #40,125)
Killing him is my responsibility [lit. 'on my neck'], I
will play a trick on him and with no trouble have
him killed *[Qenc e ewe ku em evne bi
ezmane §ir!n u lep blnine niva hey§ete] (JR
#40,124) It is best to lure them into town with
sweet talk and guile, [also: leb (K[s]-2/GF-2);
[lip/leb (Rh)/laebi (G)] (JJ); <lep> (HH)!
(syn : delk’; fel I; liile) for etymologies see lebyan
[JR/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] clebandin; lebyan>
ler JJ, m. (SK) = forest. See rel.
lestik = game. See listik.
lGv oalJ f (-a;-e). 1) lip: «Lev£n min ji tinan
ziwa bun (AB) My lips became dry from/with
thirst; -bi l£v kirin (GF) to pronounce; -l£va
jGrin (OK) lower lip; -l£va jorin (OK) upper lip;
-leva xwe gestin (B/FK-eb-2): a) to bite one's lips
(out of boredom); b) to keep one’s mouth shut, be
silent: *Ew zane weki MemGye, l£v£ xwe
digeze (FK-eb-2) He knows it is [about] Mem, [but]
he keeps his mouth shut; 2) shore, coast (B); side,
bank (IFb/TF): *Li hindav ft nezi Wan£ li
Gola Wane kelehen mezin u dirokihene,
du keleh ji van kelehan li raseri leva gole
ne (SB, p. 50) Above and beside Van and Lake
Van there are large and historic fortresses, [and]
two of those fortresses overlook the shore of the
lake; -l£va be’rG (B) seashore, [also: [liw] (JJ);
<lev> <jJ (HH)} [Pok. 16b-/16b-/lab-/lab- 655.] lip':
Mid P lab (M3); P lab v J Sor lew^iJ; Za lew m.
(Todd); Hau lig m. (M4); cf. also Lat labium; Germ
Lippe [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
l£ve # btln vi. (lGve-b-)* to change one’s
mind, go back on one’s word: «[Heke ti§tek
dibejit pa§i l£ve nabiteve] (RJ) If he says
something, he will afterward not go back on his
word. [Bw/RJ]
lev! ^yilJ (QtrE) = flood. See lehi.
le«xistin vt. (li... -x-). 1) {syn: k’utan;
ledan; repandin) to hit, strike, beat: -lGxistin gfin
= to depart, leave, to “up and leave” {syn: ledan
gun): *Xort cote xwe berda lexist, gti
mala p’ad§£ (J) Te youth put aside his plow, ?got
up and went to the king’s house *Rabtl, lGxist
gu mala xwe (J) He got up and went home; 2) to
play (musical instrument) : *Li tembtira xwe
dixe (L) He plays his tambur (saz) . [also: [li-
khystin] (JJ); clexistin (ledixe)
C^aJ)> (HH)} [K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
le*xurin [Dh/K]/l£*xurin [JJ-Rh/
• a ..
SK/GF] vi. (li... -xur-). to yell at s.o., to attack
(verbally), abuse, revile: *Her s£ li wi xurin,
gotine [sic] wi, "kir be, egerne d£ zopan
xoy!" (SK 8:78) All three ahused him, saying,
"Shut up, or you'll take a cudgelling" «Tu bo li
min dixuri? (Dh) Why are you yelling at me?
[also: [le-khorln (Rh)] (JJ)} cf. Sor lexurin
= 'to drive forward, urge on (animal) with
cries’ [Dh/K//JJ-Rh/SK/GF]
le xwe§ bun Jie^ {J vi. (li fk-t xwe§ -b-).
1) [syn: bex§andin; ’efu kirin; leborin) to forgive,
pardon: *Ya xude, to li me xo§ bi, qusfira
me ’efw key (SK 9:90) O God, forgive us and
pardon our fault; 2) [l£xwe§bfin f. ().]
forgiveness, pardon. [SK/A/OK] <xwe§>
li J prep. 1) in, at [location; with or without motion]:
• Gurgin li mal e (BX) G. is at home # Li avG
xist (BX) He threw himself at the water, jumped
into the water *Ez duhi li cem te bum (BX)
Yesterday I was at your house *li malG (K) at
home *li ku? = where? [syn: k’u dere?) # li
hergar be§en Kurdistane ji (Ber) in all four
parts of Kurdistan; 2) for [purpose] : *Li §era
xal ft xwarzi; li xwarina, mam brazi (BX)
For fighting, maternal uncles and sisters' sons; for
eating, paternal uncles and brothers' sons [prv.]; 3)
on, onto [with or without motion] : • QavG min
li te ye (BX) I have my eye on you «Li g’iyG
berf k’et (K) On (or-in) the mountains snow fell
•Li hespG swar bftn (K) to get on (=mount) a
horse; -li e’rde xistin (K) to throw on the floor;
4) about, regarding, concerning: «Min ji Tacin li
te pirsi (BX) I asked T. about you; 5) in, about,
around: *Ew li otaxe dihat-digfi (K) He paced
about the room *Li golG geriyan (K) They
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wandered/roamed about in the desert; 6 ) with
[instrument, means ] : •Tue here ji mi re li van
pera ti§ta bikire! (L) Go buy me some things
with this money; 7) from: •Li kaniye av diki§e
(K) Water flows from the spring *li zeviye nan
berev kirin (K) to gather or harvest bread from
the field. | also: [li] (JJ)| [li + we/wi = le; li +
hev = lev; li + ek = lek) [BX/K/JB3/IF/B]
lib ^J f. (-a;-e). 1 ] i syn : heb} a single grain or seed:
-yek lib (Qzl) ace (in card games) {syn: *as; beg
[2]; *bili (Bw); yekli (Wn)); 2 ) counting word for
fruits, nuts, etc.: »Diya min gend nan, du
geng mewij, bist-sih lib gwiz dixistin
tftrike Gulistan§ (Alkan. 71) My mother would
put some bread, two handfuls of raisins, 20-30
walnuts into Gulistan's bag. \also: [lib /lip ^J]
(JJ); <lib> cj (HH)} < Ar lubb LJ = 'kernels, core
(of fruits)' [Alkan/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ GF/TF/Qzl]
<dan II; heb; kit>
libas fjAJ t m. (-e; libes) (K/B/IF/JJ/HH) = clothing. See
libs.
libat oLI (IFb) = movement; activity. See lebat I.
li ber xwe dan jlj 03 S J vt. (li ber xwe -d-).
to resist, oppose, put up a fight: •Frensizan di
we qade de gelek li ber xwe dida u bi
xurti §er dikir (H2 9:31, p.776) The French
resisted a great deal on this front and fought
fiercely, [also: her xwe dan (IFb/GF/Mzg/Kr§))
[H2/TF/RZ//IFb/GF/Mzg/Kr§]
libs m. (-§; ). clothing, dress, garb, [also: libas,
m. (-e; libes) (K/B- 2 /IF); [libas] ^LJ (JJ); <libas>
(HH)) {syn: cil I; g’ek; k’inc) < Ar libs
/libas [L/K/B//IF/JJ/HH]
libucen (Erci§) = wool-beater. See livajen.
libiljen (Bw) = wool-beater. See livajen.
licimin vi. (-licim-). to stagger, reel, totter,
sway; to walk slowly like an ill person; to limp, be
lame, {syn: kulin; lengirin) [Frq/GF/FJ]
li dar k’etin J vi. (li dar -k’ev-). to take
place, occur; to be held (meeting) :*Di 19’e
Ilona 1992 an de komcivtna awarte ya
duyemin a HEP’S li EnqerS li dar ket (Wit
1:43, p.9) On September 19, 1992, the second
emergency meeting of the People’s Labor Party
(HEP) took place. [(neol)Wlt] <li dar xistin;
qewimin>
li dar xistin j \j J/lidar xistin J/li
darxistin J vt. (lidar -x[in]-). to
organize, set up, hold (a conference, etc.): v..Ev
ti§teki normal e ku di meclisa we de
qomiteyen wiha ten li darxistin? (Wit 1:37,
p.16) Is it normal [lit. 'a normal thing’] that
committees such as this are organized in your
assembly? {syn: pekanin [3]) [Wlt/IFb]
<damezirandin; li dar k’etin>
li def Joj J/oojJ (Bw) = at, over (someone's house).
See def II.
ligel (Bw) = with. See digel.
li hev anin vt. (li hev [t]in-). l) [syn:
a§t kirin; fesil kirin) to reconcile, make peace
hetween (opposing parties): *D£ ft bav§ xort j!
hatine, peyre wan §iyandiye dftv melaki,
wi ji fesla wan kiriye ft ew li hev anine
(Mdt) The parents of the young man came, then
they sent for a mullah, and he settled the feud
between them [=the two families] and reconciled
them; 2) to cause to agree, bring into agreement,
harmonize (lit. & fig.), {also: [li-hew anin] J
(JJ); <lek anin JJ (lek tine) JJ)>
(HH)) [Mdt/K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/AD//HH] <li hev
hatin>
li hev hatin J [IFb/XF/AId]/lihevhatin
vi. (lihev[t]£-). 1 ) to be reconciled, make
peace with one another, make up; 2 ) {syn:
fekk’etin) to meet, agree, come together; to
coincide: *Pa§e me gend cara soz dida hev,
ku ctki talde rasti hev ben ft ji gund
birevin, le ew yek mera li hev nedihat
(Ba2-#2, p.209) Then we promised each other
several times that we would meet in a secret place
and run away from the village, but this did not
come together for us [i.e., we couldn’t get it
together]. 1 also: [li-hew hatin] qsU> (JJ))
[Ba 2 /K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/XF/AId] <a§ti>
lihef (IFb) = quilt. See lifiSf.
liHef o&J f. ( ;-e). blanket, quilt: *Me do liKSf li
do Kesir hene. Bila ew §ewe liKSfek ft
hesirek bo her do derw£§an bin, lifiSfek ft
liesirek ji bo min u te bin (SK 23:213) We
have two quilts and two reed mats. Tonight let one
quilt and one mat be for the two dervishes, and
one quilt and one mat be for you and me. {also:
laef (L); lehef (K); lihef (IFb); [lehif jJ/ lihaf oUJ]
355
L
(JJ); <lifief> <JusJ (HH)) {syn: me zer) <Ar lihaf *jUJ
[F/B/HH/SK/GF//IFb//L//K//JJ] <do§ek; orxan>
lik’umtn q-^S 3 vi. (-lik’um-). to stumble, trip
[linge te ji ber dihere (ji-ber-gun)]: *Nan di
destek [sic] wt dabd, xiyar j! di deste din.
Dema n£ziki li se kir, linge w! li singeki
dewara likumi. Xwe ra negirt u bi ser dev
ket erd£ (MB, p.ll) He had bread in one hand,
and a cucumber in the other. When he got near the
dog, his foot tripped on a cattle post. He lost his
balance and fell down, flat on his face, {svn: alin;
teKisin) [Nsb/MB/K/GF/TF]
limej jlJ /. ( ;-e). 1 ] namaz, salah, Islamic prayer
ritual: -limej kirin (BX) to request, ask (s.o. to do
stg.) j syn: je hevi kirin; lavahi kirin; t’eweqe kirin);
2 ) (syn: destnimej) ritual ablutions, performed prior
to Islamic prayer (HH/PS): *Misine wi e limeje
(L) His prayer ewer or pitcher, {also: nimej;
[lamiiz] jj-J (JJ); <lemej> juJ (HH)} Cf. P namaz
jloj —> T namaz (See: Mohammad Mokri’s
Introduction to HH, p. 27 (in French) & p. 52 (in
English)) [K/A/TF//HH//JJ] See also nimej.
ling jfj m. (-e; ). foot, leg: •Linge berxa me
§ikest (AB) Our lamb's leg broke • Linge xwe
weke bera xwe direjke (B) Stretch out your
legs according to the length of your carpet [prv.]\
-bine ling (B) sole (of foot) . {also: nig (Ad/Bg/IF);
ning; [link/lank] <JjJ (JJ); <ling> JD (HH)) (syn.-p’e
II) Cf. P leng XB = ’leg (from the groin to the tip of
the toe)’; Mazanderani ling; Za ling f (Mai)
[AB/F/K/JB3/1F/B/HH/JB1-S/SK/GF/OK// ]J//Ad/13g| <belek
II; boqil; gim I; gip; gok; p’e II>
lip at oLJ /. ( ;-e). movement, stirring, thrashing
about: • [Bi zuyi qemeye hildigre u qemeke
li sere Behram dide d yeki dine u yeki
din£, xulase tdi Behram micala lipat§
nebuyi] (JR) He quickly takes the dagger and
strikes Behram again and again, in short Behram is
in no condition to move, [also: [lipat] oAJ (JJ))
[JR/K/JJ] <lipitin> See also lebat I.
lipitandin j^boJ vt. (-lipitin-). to budge, move
(vt.) , cause to be displaced, {also: lepitandin (K- 2 );
[lepytandin] (JJ); <lebitandin
(dilebitine) (HH)} [syn: bizaft in;
leqandin; livandin) [K/B//JJ//HH]
lipitin vi. (-lipit-). to move (vi.) , budge, stir
(vi.) . [also: lepitin (K- 2 ); [lepatin/lepytin] (JJ);
<lebitin (dilebiti) (HH)) [syn:
biziftin; leqin; livin I) [EP-8/K/B//HH//JJ] <lipat;
lipitandin>
liqat oUJ f. ( ;-e). ear of corn left in the field after a
harvest. {also: <liqat> LUJ (HH)) [syn: simbil I)
[F/K/B//HH]
liv*a l*J / ( ; *e/livae). fine wool; lamb’s wool;
wool of a lamb up to the age of six months (HH).
I also: [liva] IjJ (JJ); <liva> UJ (HH)) [BX/K/A/JB3/
lFb/B/HH/OK/Bw//JJ] <gur I; hin; kej II; kulk;
livajen; merez; restin; ris; t’e§i>
livajen ni.&f. (). wool-beater, wool-comber,
wool-carder, wool-fluffer. [also: libucen (Erci§);
libujen (Bw-2); livojen (I<-2); livnjen (B-2)) [syn:
kurinc (Bw)) <liva + jen- = 'to beat.’ Perhaps in the
forms lihucen/libujen , liva is being confused with
Ar labad = felt' [=kulav] [Erci§//Bw/K/B) <liva>
livandin vt. (-livin-). to (cause stg. to) move,
put or set stg. in motion, shake stg. (vt.). {also:
le van din (OK); [levandin] (JJ)) {syn:
bizaftin; leqandin; lipitandin)
[K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ/OK] clivin I>
livbazi ^jL^J f (). action, activity: •Program d
livbaziyen (lebaten) HEP’e dikarin bibin
mijaren rexneye (Wit 1:43, p.9) The programs
and activities of HEP can be the subject (or, object)
of criticism, [syn: galaki; lebat) [(neol)Wlt]
livin I g^Jdvi. (-liv-). 1 ) {syn: biziftin; leqin; lipitin)
to move (vi.) , budge, stir (vi.) : *Heft §ev d heft
rojan ji ciye xwe ne liviyaye (Tof, p. 12) For
seven nights and seven days he didn't move from
his spot *Osib, tu ji cie xwe nelive (Ba3)
Joseph, don't move from your spot; 2) [/.]
movement (JB3). [also: [liwiian jLi)/ liwin
(JJ)) [Ba3/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF] <livandin>
livin II (Msr) = bed, bedding. See nivin.
livojen (K) = wool-beater. See livajen.
livujen (B) = wool-beater. See livajen.
li wir J (GF) = there. See wir.
lixab V UJ (IFb/OK) = rein, bridle. See lixab.
lixav JiGJ (GF/OK) = rein, bridle. See lixab.
lixab m.(]Bl-A/OK)/f. (-e/ ; ). rein; bridle; bit:
•...Lixaweki asin du gez direj, gezek pan,
bi qeder zenda desti stdr bide g£kirin (SK
33:297) Go and get an iron bridle made, two yards
long, a yard wide, and as thick as a man's wrist
• Wext’§ hat’in, hak’im d weztr. her du b[i]
356
cot lixave hesp’e Kak’imi girt 5 u got’e:
Hak’im, p’eya bibe (JBl-A #151) When they
came, the prince and the minister, the two of them
together, he took the bridle of the prince’s horse
[note: a sign of respect] and said, “Prince, get
down.” (also: lixab (IFb/OK); lixav (GF/OK- 2 );
lixav (JBl-A); lixaw (SK); [ligab] V UJ (}J); <lixab>
(HH)) {syn;bizmik; celew I; dizgin; gem) <Ar
lijam pGJ ; Sor lixaw 3 l±J; Hau lexam in. (M4)
[K/JJ/HI-I//IFb/OK//GF//IBl-A//SK] <hevsar>
lixav obJ (JBl-A) = rein; bridle. See lixab.
lixaw (SK) = rein; bridle. See lixab.
liyan ^LJ (IFb) = snow shoe. See liyan II.
f- (-a; ). 1 ) puddle, rainwater puddle (IF);
pool, reservoir (JJ); pool of water in a dry riverbed
(HH): •Lig tiji av e (AB) The puddle is full of
water; 2 ) dirty mud (Msr): 3) ?mucus. snot. See lik.
{ also: [litch] (JJ); <leg> ^J(HH)) < W Arm lie
Lh« = 'lake' [AB/A/IF/JJ/Msr//HH]
lik J-J /. (-a; ). 1 ) any of the body secretions such as
phlegm, mucus, saliva (IFb); 2 ) [syn: g’ilka poz;
gilm; fi§; kilmi§) mucus (Msr): •Lika min te (Msr)
My nose is running, (also: likav (IFb- 2 )) Sor lik «^U
= ’spittle’ [Msr/IFb/GF) <ava dev; belxem; tif; t’uk
II>
likav olSlJ (IFb) = mucus. See lik.
lilandin (K/JJ/KS) = to sing. See lelandin.
limoJ hoJ (K/JJ/GF/OK/AA) = lemon. See limon.
limon f. ( ;-e). lemon, bot. Citrus limon.
[also: leymun (A/TF/RZ-2/CB-2); limo (K- 2 /
GF/OK- 2 /AA); limu (GF- 2 ); [limo]^ (JJ)) Cf.
P limu 3->-J & Ar laymun Sor limo
[Kmc-2/K/IFb/B/0K/RZ/CB//JJ/GF/AA//A/TF]
lhnu (GF) = lemon. See limon.
lin in. (-e; ). large earthenware jar or vat in
which do$av [grape molasses] and the like is
stored : -line ave (OK) clay water jug. [also: line
(IFb); [lina] LJ (JJ)) cf. Arc legina KITH? = ’bottle,
medium-sized vessel'; Gr lagynos /layuvog & Lat
lagena = 'flask' [Bw/IFb/GF/OK] <cer; den I;
hincan; sewil>
line (IFb) = large clay jar. See lin.
lire ^J, m. (F) = forest. See rel.
lis m. ( ;-i). perch, roost for birds to rest on:
•Kew gti lisi (Bw) The partridge went to roost;
-lis bun (SK) to roost: •Dibejin ximdarek
hebti, §e§ Kevt miri§k£t qelew hebtin. §ev§
di oda ximi da lis dibun (SK) They say there
was one a dyer who had six or seven fat chickens.
At night they used to roost in the dye-house, [also:
<lis> (HH)) Sor lis fj^J = 'roosting place for
wild birds'
[Bw/K(s)/A/IFb/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
lisk = game. See listik.
listik f. (-a;-e). 1 ) ( syn: tirane; yari II) game;
amusement (B); 2) (syn:govend) dance (B). [also:
lehistik (K); leyistik (TF); leyistik (IFb); leystik
(Msr); lestik; lisk) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/RZ//Msr] <listok;
yari II>
listikgi m . (). l) player; 2 ) dancer, [also:
listikvan (Z-2/IF)} [FK- 1 /F/K/B//Z- 2 /IF] <listik;
listin>
listikvan (Z- 2 /IF) = player; dancer. See
listikgi.
listin vt./vi. (-liz-[B]/-lez-[Wn]/-lehis-/
-leyiz- [JBl-S]). 1 ) to play: •Li Hoskan
ciwanen gund derketibun rasta bdndera H
ji xwe re bi goge dilistin [vi.] (AW69B4) In
Hoskan [village] the young men of the village had
gone to the threshing floor and were playing ball
• Me bi heftoka dilist [vt.] (Alkan, 71) We
played heftok •Zaruk bihevra ve§artok@
dilizin (AB) The children are playing hide-and-
seek together; 2) to dance (IFb/A/Ad/JBl-S/B) [cf.
T oynamak = to play & to dance]; 3) to jump (JBl-
S). [also: lehistin; lehizin (K[s]); leyistin (JB 1 -
S/JB3/TF); leyistin (IFb-2); leystin (B- 2 /Msr);
[leiztin] (JJ); cleyistin (dileyize)
(HH)) [Pok. 3. leig-/loig- 667.] 'to leap,
tremble': Skt rejate = 'he leaps, jumps'; O Ir *rais-
(Tsb 40): P alextan ^jj^Jl/allzldan (-alez-) =
'to spring, lash out, kick (of horses)'
[K/A/IFb/B/GF/Ad/gnr//K(s)//JBl-S/JB3/HH/
TF//JJ//Msr] <listik; listok>
listok f. (-a;-e). toy, plaything, [also: lehistok
(K); leyistok (JB3); leyistok (IFb/TF))
[GF/RZ//K//JB3//IFb/TF] <listik; listin>
litik ttikJ (Bw) = kick. See lotik[ 2 ].
liwa b-J (). administrative district. < Ar liwa’
[BX/IF]
liyan I qCJ adj. suffering, in pain (K): •DilS me
liyane (Z-2) Our heart is in pain, We are distressed
[also: [layan(e)] MsLJ (LC-l)l
357
L
[Z-2/FK-eb-l/K]
liyan II ^LJ £(Bw)/m.(OK) (-a/ ; ). type of snow
shoe consisting of an animal skin held taut over a
round frame, [also: lakan, m. (F); lak’an, f. (B);
lekan (IFb-2/TF); lek’an, m.(K)/f.(B) (K/B- 2 ); liyan
(IFb- 2 ); [lekan] (jlSJ (JJ)) (syn:kelle I (Bw)) Sor
liyan. For a photograph, see Aristova, photo #41
(after p. 128) [Bw/IFb/OK//F/B//K/TF/JJ] cberf;
p’elav>
lojJ voc. particle. O, hey (when calling one male: le
is used when calling one female; gel f is used in
calling more than one person) : »Lo mirovo! = O
man, hey man! [also: [lo] (}}); <lo>^J (HH)}
[K/A/IF/JJ/HH] <le III; geli I>
lobik tiLjJ (CB) = pea(s). See polik II.
lod f.(K/B)/m.(IF) ( ;-§/ ). 1 ) [syn: kug’) pile, heap
(IF/A/JJ/HH); stack, rick (K); -lode ke§kftran (IF)
pile of cow dung cakes [syn: qelax; sergo); 2 )
shock, stook (of corn) (B). [also: lot (A); [lod(e)]
W-bJOJ); <lod> (HH)) [K/IF/JJ/B/HH//A]
lodik = jump, leap. See lotik.
lok I JyJ (GF/JJ) = trot. See loq.
lok 5 II Jjp m. (-§; ). 1) male camel; camel of noble
breed (HH); 2 ) brave, courageous man (HH). [also:
[lok] (JJ); <lok> (HH)) Cf. Southern Tati
dialects: Eshtehardi lok m. = 'male camel’ (Yar-
Shater) [Erg/A/IF/B/HH/JJ] <deve I; he§tir; qent’er>
lok*e oSyl m.(Zeb)/f(OK) (•§/; ). cotton (on plant, as
opposed to pembt} = processed cotton), [also:
[loka]d£J (JJ-Rich)) Sor loke <v%J [Zeb/IFb/JJ/OK]
<pembu>
lole «djp (IFb) = handle bar used in churning butter. See
lewleb.
lolep (Lab) = handle bar used in churning butter.
See lewleb.
loma Ljp (L/B) = because; therefore. See lema.
lomandin jjjLyJ vt. (-lomin-). to blame,
denounce: •Cindiye Cizir§ me dikin
dilominin (Z-l) The nobles of Jizira are
denouncing us. < Ar lawm = 'blame' [Z-l]
lop yjj f. ( ;-§). 1 ) thick overgarment, garment made
of coarse wool or sackcloth; 2 ) carpet made of
coarse wool (B/JJ). [also: [lop] (JJ); <lop>
(HH)) [HB/K/A/B/JJ/HH]
lopik (GF/OK/AA) = pea(s). See polik II.
loq I m./f(B) (-e/; /-e). 1) large slice (of bread):
•Nahftli ez p§ wi §iri loq§ nan bixum (EH)
You don’t leave me any of this milk to eat my slice
of bread with; 2) counting word for slices of bread
(K); 3) big piece, chunk (A): *P@§i ta§tiya me
hazir dikir ft her yeke me loqek rftn§
nivi§k li ser nen pahn dikir (Alkan, 71) First
she would make our breakfast and each of us
would flatten out a chunk of butter on bread; 4)
pinch (of salt) (B). [also: ; [loqek] (JJ)}
[EH/K/A/B/GF//JJ]
loq II <jgJ /. (). trot, moderately fast gait of a horse in
which the legs move in diagonal pairs, [also: lok I
(GF-2); loqe (Zeb); [lok] -=J*J (JJ)) Sor loqe AigJ
[Zeb//IFb/GF/OK//JJ] <gargav>
loqe aK;J (Zeb) = trot. See loq.
loqet (JBl-S) = word; phrase; language. See
lewxet.
lor jjJ (B/Zeb) = curds. See lorik.
lorandin vt. (-lorin-). 1) to rock, swing (a
cradle) ; 2) [also: lorin [2]) to sing lullabies, to lull
to sleep (IFb): »Ku xude kufeki [sic] da te, ...
/ Gava tu wi t§xi dergft§e, wi bifiejine, wi
bimijine, / Ji xofa hedi-hedi li ser§
bilorine (Z-4) If God gives you a son, ... / When
you put him in [his] crib, rock him, nurse him, /
[Stand] at his head (and] softly sing him to sleep.
[Z-4/K/IFb/OK/DZK] <hejandin>
lorik fJm.(Zeb) (-a /-§;-£/). 1) curds (and whey)
[Fr caillebotte] (K[s]); a cheese made of milk [T
gokelek] (IF); that which forms from the water that
drips off cheese that is being made (HH/Zeb); 2)
jajik lyoghurt , garlic, and cucumbers) [cf. T cacik;
Gr dzadziki t£oct£iki] (A), [also: lor (B-2/Zeb);
<lorik> (HH)) [K(s)/A/IF/B/HH//Zeb] <golik
II; gortan; toraq>
lori I f ( ;-ye). predatory bird, gray with black
wings (K/B); quail (JJ). [also: [lour] ^ (JJ))
[AB/K/B//JJ]
lori II f. (). lullaby, [also: luri (K/SC)} cf. Sor
lore ojJ = 'type of song' [A/IFb/TF//K/SC]
lorin J vi. (-lor-). 1 ) [syn: lubandin) to wail,
lament for the dead: *Mer bedeng bftn, jin
diqiriyan ft diloriyan (DZK, p.135) The men
were silent, the women screamed and wailed; 2) to
sing a lullaby (TF). See lorandin [2].
[DZK/IFb/GF/TF] <zemar>
i
358
lo§ m. (). lavash, type of long and flat bread.
{also: lewa§ m. ( ; lewe§); lu§e (B§k); [levach] jiljJ
(JJ); <lo§> J±i (HH)1 Cf. P lavas T lo§
[Malatya] = ’long flat bread [pide]' (DS, v. 9, p.
3088); Sor lewa§e = 'bread in long flaps
baked in oven 1 ; NENA la-washa = 'a flap of thin
bread, about 2 ft. long' (Maclean) & lwasa = ’flat
thin cake of bread' (Garbell), cf. Arc Vl-y-s =
'to knead (dough)' [B§k//K/HH//B/JJ] <nan>
lot 05 J (A) = pile, heap. See lod.
lotik cib'jJ f. (). 1 ) { syn: banz; firqas] jump, leap:
-lotik dan xwe (K) to jump, leap [syn: ba[n]zdan;
geng bun [geng III]; firqas kirin; pengizin): *Box
da lodka (J) The ox leaped;
2 ) (syn: givt; p’eliin; refes] kick: -litik have[§]tin
(Bw) to kick (of animals)-, 3) uncomfortable
moving about (HH). [also: litik (Bw); lodik; <lotik>
(HH)) Cf. P lagad a£J [K/A/JB3/IF/HH/Bw]
<ba[n]z dan; p’eBin>
lovik (TF/OK) = pea. See lowtik.
lowik (IFb) - pea. See lowtik.
lowuk J^J f. (). pea; bean (OK), {also: lovik
(TF/OK); lowik (IFb)l Perhaps a variant of polik
Il/lopik [Mzg//IFb//TF/OK] <gilol II; keli I; nok;
polik II>
lox^yJ f (-a; ). long stone cylinder for rolling down
mud roofs, roof-roller, {also: luq (IFb)} {syn:
bagirdan) Cf. T log[ta§i]; = Sor ba[n]girden
jJfclL/bagirdan jl For an illustration, see
Atilcan, p. 118. [DZK/Dy(EW)//IFb] <Papan>
luq 03 J (IFb) = stone cylinder roof-roller. See lox.
ltibandin vt. (-lubin-). 1 ) {syn: lorin; §in
kirin; zemar kirin) to mourn, lament (K); 2) {syn:
girin) to sob, cry (B). [Z-l/K/B] <§in I; zemar>
lul»e f. (*a;»e). 1 ) {syn: qelun) pipe; tube;
conduit; 2) muzzle, barrel (of gun) (B): -ltlia
t’ivinge (B) rifle barrel; -lula Pope (B) cannon
barrel, {also: [loulik] (JJ); <lule> (HH)}
[K/JB3/IF/B/HH//JJ]
lulik f. (). 1 ) {syn: k’edun) small water jug (IF);
2 ) spout of a water jug, pipe (JJ/OK). (a7so: [loulik]
dJ^J (JJ)) [IF/JJ/OK] <lule>
lur j^J f. (). rash, inflammation on the arm (Qzl);
hives, nettle rash, urticaria (IFb). [Qzl/IFb/AA]
luri (K/SC) = lullaby. See lori II.
lurin /lurin ^^[SK] vi. (-lur-/-lur-[SK]).
to howl: •Hemi lurin ti rewin weki san (SK
32:291) They all bowled and barked like dogs.
{also: [lurin] (JJ-G)} Sor lurandin jjjl =
'to howl (wolf, gale, etc.)’ [JJ-G/SK/OK] <reyin I>
lurk d^ (IFb/A/KZ) = oleander. See rtil.
lu§e J (B§k) = lavash bread. See lo§.
lut 055 J (K[s]) = naked, nude. See rtit.
359
ma L intrg. particle (signals questions) : •La wo ma
tu gi diki, tu li ku yi, ma tu qet li me
napirst. Ma tu nabSji ev diya min heye,
tuneye, wele te em ji bir ve kirin! (LC,
p.39) Son, what are you up to, where are you, you
never ask about us. Don't you ever say [=think]
'How’s that mother of mine doing?' By God, you've
forgotten all about us! *Ma ez je ditirsim? (BX,
p.268) Am I supposed to be afraid of him? «Ma ki
naxwaze serbest u azad bij!? (CT, p.214)
Who doesn't want to live free and liberated? •"--Ma
tigteki weha tu gawa ji min dipey? Ez
%
naxwazim ninoga xorteki ji li kevireki
bikeve" (HMp, 16 = Epl, 102 ) How can you
expect such a thing from me? I don’t want even the
fingernail of a young man to fall on a rock [=to be
hurt] *Ma zinar ji cihe xwe radibe d t§
baj£r? (RD, p.145) [Since when] do boulders get
up from their places and come to town? {also:
<ma> L (HH)j [BX/CT/A/IFb/B/HH/ SK/GF/TF]
<gelo; qey>
mag 5 I £/m.(SK) ( ;-e/). kiss: -mag 1 kirin/magi
kirin (L) to kiss {syn: hatin ruye fk-e; pag’ kirin;
ramusan): •Des[t] di sukire werand ku de
magi ket (M-Ak #534, p.242) He put his arm
around 'her' neck, intending to kiss 'her' •finiya
hespd magi kir (L) He kissed the horse's
forehead «Hingo £ adet kiriye, kese deste
merKemete bi ser§ hingoda binit de leqeki
li wi desti dan, we kese piye bi-gH di sere
hingo bihusut mirg-mirg de wi pe mag ken
(SK 57:661) If anyone lays a compassionate hand
upon your head you have been accustomed to bite
that hand, and if anyone wipes a dung-covered foot
on your face then you kiss that foot noisily, {also:
magi (L); mag’u (Z-2); [mag ^L/macip <_^L>] (]]);
<mag g-L /magek JL*-L> (HH)) (syn: pag’ I;
ramusan) Cf. P ma£ kardan
Sor mag kirdin
[L/K(s)/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
mag II ;>L (Bw) = spades (in card games). See mage,
maga UL (IFb/HH) = spades (in card games). See
mage.
mag*e £ ( ;•§). spades (suit in playing card):
•s§ mag§ (Bw) 3 of spades, {also: mag II (Bw);
maga (IFb); <maga> UL (Hej)l {syn: qeremagl cf. T
maga = 'spades (in cards)' [Bw//Wn//IFb/Hej]
magi (L) = kiss. See mag 5 .
< i
mag’u (Z-2) = kiss. See mag 5 .
Mad jL (A/GF) = Mede. See Med.
madak JI jL (IF/HH) = female buffalo. See medek.
madam conj. as long as, so long as, since
(reason) : *Madam jin tabie mer e, lazim e
go tue me bi mere me re bi§ini (L) Since
woman is the follower of man, you must send us
with our men. Cf. P madam ^ jL —> T madem [ki]
< Ar ma dama pta L = 'so long as it lasts' [L/K]
made ojL (XF/K) = appetite. See me’de.
madek JojL (K/JJ) = female buffalo. See medek.
maf oL. m. (-e; ). right (as opposed to privilege or
obligation) . { syn: destur [2]; hed [2]; heq)
[Ber/A/JB3/IF]
mahfur (IFb) = carpet. See mehfilr.
mahlu (Kmc-6/IFb) = wooden harrow. See
mehli.
mahu^Lo (A) = female pig. See mahfi.
mahu^L f. ( ). sow, female pig. {also: mahu (A);
maw? (AA/AD/GF-2); mehu (GF); <mahu> 3 j&L
(HH)) \syn: beraza me) |Qrj/iFb/HH//A//GF//AA/AD]
mak JL £ (-a;-e). 1) (syn: de I) mother, particularly
of animals : *Kar ku mezin dibin, maka wan
§iret dike (J) When the kids (=young goats) grow
up, their mother advises them; -zare ber§ maka
(EP-7) nursing infants (lit. 'children in front of
mothers']: *Nezera zard wane ber§ maka
usanin, be’r§da g’e’ve masi dertine (EP-7)
The looks of their nursing children are such [that]
they make the eyes of fish in the sea come (=pop)
out; 2) {syn: del I; me) female (of animals) ; mature
female (A/IF); 3) source, origin (JJ). {also: mang;
[mak] JL (]]); <mak> JL (HH)) [Pok. 3. ma- 694. &
mater- 700.] 'mother': Skt matar-; Av & OP matar-
(Kent); Mid P mad/madar (M3); P madar j jL; Sor
ma- L = 'female, she-' & mak JL = 'mother'
[J/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <de I>
mak’er joSL> £ ( ;-e). she-ass, female donkey:
• Meselek! me§htir e li- naw me kurdan.
Dibejin ew kese jine dixazit maker e, ew
kese jind didet nereker e, bel§ pa§i birin§
§ol ber-'eks e (SK 42:411) It is a well-known
proverb among us Kurds. They say that the person
360
who asks for a woman is a she-donkey and the one
who gives her is a he-ass, but after she has been
taken the case is reversed, {also: manker (IFb-2);
meker (GF-2); [ma-ker] ^L (JJ); <maker> JL (HH))
\syn: k’era me; ^k’ere ner; ^nerek’er) <mak/me =
'female' + k’er = 'donkey'; Hau mahere f. (M4)
[BX/K(s)/A/JB3/lFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <k’er III; guhdirej>
makin»e <u~LL f, (• a; ). machine: -makina
cil§u§tine (LC) washing machine, washer: •Li vi
welate gawiran cil§u§tin ji bi sere xwe
derdeki giran e ... Dermane §u§tine u ye
nermkirine bigrin herin cil§oye bavejin
makina cil§u§tine, pi§ti saeteke derxin ...
pa§e bavejin makina zuhakirine, pa§e
derxin qat kin, duz kin ti. binin mal (LC,
p.12) In this country of infidels, doing laundry is a
big headache ... Take the detergent and fabric
softener and go to the laundromat, throw [the
laundry] into the washing machine, take it out an
hour later ... then throw it in the dryer, then take it
out, fold it, flatten it, and bring it home; -makina
zuhakirine (LC) (clothes) dryer. < It macchina
[LC/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK/AD]
mal I JL f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: xani) house, household:
•£u mala hakim (L) He went to the king's house;
-Ii mal = at home: »Eze li mal him (L) I’ll
be/stay at home; -mal il hal (Z-l) household
responsibilities: •(After the death of Mem & Zin]
Dest£ P’eri-xathne ji mal u fiala sar bubH
(Z-l) Peri Khatun lost interest [lit. ’her hand got
cold from’] her household duties *Min mal u
Kale xwe, have xwe t’erkandye (EP-7) I have
left my home and father (^family); -mala cihtid
(Z-l) "dog house" [lit. 'Jew's house']: •Meme,
malxirab, min tu biri, ha biri,/ Min tu
mala cihtid has§ kiri (Z-l) Mem, you wretch.
I’ve beaten you [at chess],/ I've chased you into the
Jew's house; 2 ) {syn: k’ulfet; malbat] family:
-Xwede mala te ava ke = May God make your
household/family prosper [a common blessing]
-Xwede mala te xerab ke = May God ruin your
household/family [a common curse]; 3) [adv.]
home, homeward {also: male): # Ez digim mal =
I'm going home *Tari bK, em digin male (AB)
It's gotten dark, we are going home, j also: [mal] JL
(JJ); <mal> JL (HH)) Sor mal JL
[BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
mal II JL m. (-e; mel, vi mall), goods, property;
money; cattle: »Eze v£ qesre ii mal@ t£ de
timam teslime te bikim (L) I will completely
hand over to you this palace and the property in it;
-mal xwarin (JR) to appropriate, get hold of
money: »Ew dixweze pere min bixwe (K) He
wants to appropriate my money • [Meger
Memedi ew mal h estir birine Tiflis§ ii
firotine u zaf diraf inaye ti bi Kile ev §ola
digel min kiriye ku ewi mail bi tene
bixwit] (JR) It turns out that Memed took the
goods and mules to Tiflis and sold them, and
brought back a lot of money, and by a ruse he did
this thing to me, so that he could have [lit. 'eat'] all
the money for himself, j also: [mal] JL (JJ); <mal>
JL (HH)) {syn: e§yaj < Ar mal JL
[BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
malan ^L (Ad) = to sweep. See mali§tin.
malava U'NL adj. 1) j^malxerab) happy, prosperous
(K); one whose household prospers {related to the
expression Xwede mala te ava ke = May God
make your household/family prosper) [Cf. Ar
‘ammarl: »Malava, tue gi min bi xwi? (J)
*
[Malava], why do you want to [lit. 'will you'] eat
me?; 2 ) bravo! (BX); Come on! (IF). < mal = 'house'
+ ava = ’built up' [BX/K/A/IF)
malbat obJL f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: k’ulfet; mal I) family,
line, lineage: »Di malbata me de, hetta di
nav e§ira me de—yen ku bi deste hukmat£
hatine ku§tin u yen ku bi qotike mirine ne
te de—kes bi ciwani nemiriye (LC, p.10) In
our family, even in our tribe-except for those who
were killed by the [Turkish] government or who
died from plague-no one has died in his youth «Li
gor malbata min, getir e ku mirov xwe
Tirk bihesibine (Wit 1:35, p. 16) According to
my family, it is better that one consider oneself a
Turk; 2) [m.] wealthy landlord (B). {also: Cf. [mal-
bati] ^'LJL (JJ) = 'cousins, relatives who constitute
an extended family’)
[Ber/Wlt/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/RZ]
maldar jJL adj . 1 ) (syn: dewlemend; xurt [4]) rich,
wealthy; 2) [m.] rich person, {also: [mal-dar] J jJL
(JJ); <maldar> j)jJL (HH)) {maldar!)
[HB/K/A/B/JJ/HH]
maldar! ^jIjJL f. ( ;-ye). wealth, riches, {syn;
dewlemendi; malhebun) [K/A/JB3/IF/B] <maldar>
361
M
maldoxin f. ( ;-e). drawstring "canal,"
tunnel or seam for the drawstring at the waistline
of a pair of shalvar. {syn; pizi I)
[Bw/Hk/Kmc-#4763] <doxin>
malhebtin f. ( wealth, riches, property.
[also: mal u hebun (Z-l)) {syn: dewlemendi;
maldari} [K/A/B] <mal II>
malik JJL f. (-a; ). 1 ) stanza, strophe: *Malikek ji
dfi-s§-gar r§zkan gedibit (Bw) A stanza is
made up of two, three, or four lines; 2 ) square,
box, cell (fig. on a printed page , in an application,
& lit. in a honeycomb, etc.). <dim. of mal I. cf.
range of meanings of Ar bayt = 'house, room, box,
verse’ [Bw/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <rezik>
malim m. (}. rabbi: *Ctl gfln, §ir ditin [sic],
inane [sic] kini§te nik malim Zexeriya (SK
26:235) The Jews went, found the sword, and
brought it to Rabbi Zachariah at the synagogue.
[also: [malem (giu)] (JJ); <malim> pJL (Hej))
< Ar mu'allim = 'teacher'; Jewish NENA malim
= 'Jewish religious functionary' (Garbell) & mu'allim
= 'schoolmaster' (Brauer) [SK/JJ/Hej] <kini§t I>
mali§tin L vt. (-mal-). 1 ) [syn: gezi kirin; reg
kirin [reg I]) to sweep (K[s]/A/JB3/IF/JJ); 2 ) to clean,
wipe: *Wexte mir di keviya geme mezin de
hate ku§tin Heyzebdn ewgend giriya bfl
ko jinmir bi xwe hestiren xwe dimali§tin
ft li ber dile ceriye dida (Rnh 3:23, p.5) When
the emir was killed on the banks of the big river,
Heyzebun cried so much that the emir’s wife
herself wiped away her own tears and consoled the
servant girl, [also: malan (Ad); malin (K[s]/IF/A/M);
maltin; ma§tin (M- 2 ); mi§tin (-mal-) (K[s]/IF/A/JJ);
[michtin] (JJ); <mali§tin ^iJL/mi§tin
[dimale) C*JL**0> (HH)) [Pok. mSlg- (ormelag-?)
722.] 'to rub off, wipe': Skt mrjati etc . = 'wipes,
rubs off, cleans'; O Ir *mrd-/z- (Tsb 37): Av maraz-
/maraz- = 'to brush up against’; Mid P
mu§ tan/mall dan (mal-) = 'to rub, sweep’ (M3); Sor
y
malin ^^JL/ma§tin (Muk- 2 )/marin
(Arb); Hau malay (mal-) vt. = 'to rub'
[JB3/HH//K(s)/A/IF/M//JJ//Ad] <gezi>
mali I f. (-ya; ). bunches of branches tied
•«
together; -maliya goli (Zeb) do. [Zeb] <g’ilo II>
mali II (Kmc-16) = wooden harrow. See mehli.
mm
malifet (L) = honor; courtesy; skill. See
me’rifet.
malin (K[s]/IF/A/M) = to sweep. See mali§tin.
malok JjJL m.&f. (). one-year-old calf, [syn:
k’endik; mozik I) [Krg] <golik>
maltin = to sweep. See mali§tin.
mal u hebun j JL (Z-l) = wealth. See
malhebdn.
malxerab JL (L/A/IF) = unlucky. See malxirab.
malxe c yJL (B) = master of the house. See malxw§.
malxirab adj. unlucky, wretched, miserable;
one whose house has been ruined (related to the
expression Xwed§ mala te xirab ke = May God
ruin your household/family) [Cf. Ar yikhrab
betak]: *Malxerabo! (L) You wretch!
[malheureux]; -Malxerab bhn (IF) To become
extinct; -malxerab kirin (IF) to make extinct,
extirpate, [also: malxerab (L/A/IF); malxirav (Z-l))
[syn: belengaz; bikul; reben I; ^malava) < mal =
'house' + xerab = 'bad, ruined’ (malxirabi)
[L/A/IF//K/B]
malxirabi f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) unluckiness,
••
misfortune; 2) ruin, destruction. [B/K] <malxirab>
malxirav J>1 (Z-l) = unlucky. See malxirab.
malxoj^JL (SK/JJ) = master of the house. See
malxw6.
malxu^iJL (OK) = master of the house. See malxwe.
malxue (B) = master of the house. See malxwe.
• •
malxwe o^JL (L) = master of the house. See malxwd.
malxwe ^iJL m. (malxweye [L]/malxe [SK]; ).
• •
head of the house, master of the house; lord,
master, boss: *Du malxw& di malek£ da
nabin (IFb) Two masters in one house cannot be
(~ Too many cooks spoil the broth) [prv.]
• MalxweyS me Om e, xweli li ser§ me
kom e (L-I, #79, p.200) Our master is Om, ashes
are heaped on our head (=a bad chief is the cause
of all misfortune) [prv.]. [also: malxe (B-2); malxo
(SK); malxu (OK); malxue (B-2); nialxwe (L);
[mal-khoJ^L (JJ)) [syn: sermiyan) (malxweti)
[L//K/A/IFb/B/OK//JJ/SK] <mer; §u; xwedi>
malxweti ^^jJL f. ( ;-ye). being master of the
9 9
house. [K/A/B] <malxwe>
mam pL m. ( ;-§ [B]). 1) [syn: ap) paternal uncle,
father's brother; 2) term of respect for an older man
(IF), [also: [mam] ^ (JJ); <mam> pL (HH)) Sor
mam pL; Hau mamo m. (M4) [K/A/jB3/iFb/B/
jj/HH/SK/jBi-A&S/GF/TF/Msr] <amojin; ap; jinap; met;
pismam; qizap; xal I>
362
M
mambiz m.&f. ( deer, gazelle: • Gurg ra-
bti, got e riwi, "Simbelet min bel bane?"
Riwi got, "Wato bel brine de beji §axet
mambizi ne" (SK 6:68) The wolf got up and said
to the fox, "Have my whiskers bristled?” The fox
said, "They’ve bristled so much you’d think they
were deer’s antlers”: -mambiza me (OK) doe,
female deer, {also: mamiz (K[s]/A/IFb-2/GF/OK-2))
[syn: ask; gak’uvi; §ivir; xezal I) Sor mamiz >*G =
’gazelle’ [SK/IFb/OK//K(s)/A/GF]
mamik ^LL /. (). riddle, {syn: apik (Kg);
Mr
tederxistinok; ti§tik (IFb)} cf. Ar mu'amma =
'enigma, (literary) riddle’ [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/0K]
mamiz _>G (K[s]/A/IFb/GF/OK) = deer. See mambiz.
mamosta m.&f. ( /-ya; ). teacher, professor:
•Mamostayen Kurd (Ber) Kurdish teachers
(=teachers who are Kurds), [also: mamoste (JB3)}
{syn: dersdar; seydai < imam = ’religious leader’ [or
perhaps mam = ’paternal uncle’] + ustad/hosta =
'master (e.g., of a profession)’; Sor mamosta G~j^G
{mamostati; mamostayi) [K(s)/A/IF//JB3] <dibistan;
seyda; xwendek’ar>
mamostati ^G-^G (K) = teaching. See mamostayi.
• •
mamostayi ^LuJ^G f. (). teaching (as a profession),
■ •
professorship, {also: mamostati (K)) [IF//K]
<mamosta>
mamoste (JB3) = teacher. See mamosta.
mamur ^^G (JB2) = civil servant. See me’mur.
man jG vi. (-min-/-m§n-). l) to remain, stay:
•Qizik ma cie xweda (J) The girl stayed in her
place (orbed); ~li bendi fk-e man (L) to wait
for: »Ez mam li bendi den (L) I waited for the
cauldron [to appear]; 2) to be, become, get: -'eceb
man (K/HH)/mayxn (B/IF) [+ ser] to befcome]
amazed, shocked (at): *Gundi ew yeka ku
bihistin 'ecev man (Dz, p.385) The villagers
were shocked at what they heard; 3) to stay alive,
survive: -mirin ft mayin (Wit) life and death,
dying and staying alive: 4) {syn: §ibin) to resemble,
to look, sound, or smell like [Cf. mina ...] (SW):
•Min di kit§ba "Elf leyle leyle - Hezar ft
§evek§" de girokeke pigftk ditiye ko
dimine Mem ft Zine (SW) In the book "1,001
Nights" I saw a little story that resembles [that of]
Mem u Zin; 5) [+ ji] to miss (a train, bus, etc.):
•Ere, pi§ti nivsaeta din dive ez herim. An
na ez § ji balafir@ biminim (KZ, p.52) I must
go in another half an hour; otherwise I will miss the
plane •L§ heta bajer ji ez bi tirs bftm, tirsa
ku ez e ji refe hecacan biminin. Li
terminale tirsa min hate sere min. Ez je
mam (Lab, 77-78) But all the way to town I was
afraid, afraid that I would miss the pilgrims' group.
At the terminal my fear came true. I missed it.
{also: mandin (BX); mayin (JB1-A-2/JB1-S); mayin
II (K/JB3/IFb-2/B); [main] ^G (}}); <man jG/mayin
(dimine) (HH)) [Pok. 5. men- 729.] =
'to remain': O Ir *man- (Tsb 42): Av man- (pres,
manaya-); OP 2 man- (Kent); P mandan jjuG; Sor
man jG (-men-); Za manannan (Hadank)/mandene
(Mai)/ manena [mendi§] (Srk); Hau meney (men-)
vi. (M4); cf. also Lat manere; Gr [peri]meno
[tic pi][xcvo> [A/IFb/HH/SK/JB 1 -A/GF/TF//
K/JB3/B/JJ//JB1-S]
mana LG (K/GF) = meaning; reason. See me’na.
manat obG m. (). ruble (USSR): *Min o Mirza
Hesen hizar o he§t-sed o gil manot@ ftrosi
teslimi Mela ’Ebdullah kirin (SK 54:614)
Mirza Hasan and I gave one thousand eight
hundred and forty roubles to Mullah Abdullah.
{also: manot (SK); menat (SK- 2 )] [Z-922/K/B//SK]
<kapek; §eyi>
mandin G (BX) = to remain. See man.
mane <oG (B/IFb) = meaning; reason. See me’na.
manek J<oG (IF) = pedigreed horse. See me’negi.
manegi (A/IFb/B) = pedigreed horse. See
• •
me’negi.
mang JjG = mother; female. See mak.
manga IS5C (GF) = cow. See mange.
mang*e <&> G f. (*a/*eya; •§). 1) {syn: g’elek] cow;
2 ) {syn: medek) female buffalo (JJ/B/HH). {also:
manga (GF); [manghe/manga <*5jC/mangai6 «v.lCG]
(}}); <mang> JjG (HH)] < man = ’female’ + ga =
'bull, ox’; Cf. Southern Tati dialects (all f): Chali &
Takestani magava; Eshtehardi, Ebrahim-abadi &
Sagz-abadi gowa; Xiaraji magowa = ’cow’ (Yar-
Shater); Sor manga ifiG; Za manga f. (Todd); Hau
mangawe f. (M4) [Bg/Ad/Rh/BX/K/IFb/B/JJ//HH]
<ga>
manger f (-a;-£). harrow: -mang§ra dar (B)
wooden harrow {syn: mehli); -mang§ra Eesin (B)
iron harrow. [Kmc- 6 /K/IFb/B/GF] <mehli>
man! ^G (L) = meaning; reason. See me’na.
manker j <&G (IFb) = female donkey. See mak’er.
363
M
manot ojpL (SK) = ruble. See manat.
maqes^-^iL (LC) = scissors. See meqes.
maqftl J^L adj. 1) honorable, noble, respectable,
distinguished; respected, honored; 2 ) prudent,
reasonable, sensible, wise (K/IFb); 3) [ni.] elder,
wiseman, notable: *Wexte ko Smail Pa§a zani
dihariya maqulet MizHriyan kur in, pigek
di dile xo da sil bti (SK 24:222,224) When
Ismail Pasha learnt that the present of the Mizuri
elders was kids [=young goats], he became a little
annoyed in his heart, {also: [maqoul] (JJ);
<maqul> (HH)) < Ar ma‘qul =
'reasonable' (V*-q-l = 'to be smart or sensible')
{maquli; maqulti} [EP-7/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/
SK/[TF]/GF/OK]
maqilli f. ( ;-ye). politeness, {also: maqulti (B-
2 )) [K/B/[TF]] <maqul>
maqulti (B) = politeness. See maquli.
mar I jL m. (-e; ). snake: *£ave te li min be, tu
mar bi min venedin (L) Keep an eye on me, so
that no snakes bite me [while I'm sleeping] *Ev
bfiyinan [sic] gi§t wisa bi lez qewimibti [sic]
ku, Meyro bi “kufin”a mar, ancax te gihi§t
gi hat sere w§ (MB-Meyro) All these things
happened so quickly, that Meyro only understood
by the hissing of the snake what had happened to
her *Ser singe Ddmanlde cicina xulexula
cewiked ave bu, ed ku minani mara jorda
di§ftlikin (Ba 2 :l, p. 202 ) On the slope of [Mount]
Dumanlu here and there was the babbling of
brooks (of water), those which crept from above
like snakes, {also: mer I (F); me’r (B/MK/GF-2);
[mar] jL (JJ); <mar> jL (HH)1 Cf. Mid P mar; P mar
jL; Sor mar jL; Za mar m. (Mai); Hau mar m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/ GF/TF/OK//F//B/MK]
<jehr; k’ufin; vedan>
mar II jL (K/JJ/JR/Z-3) = wedding. See mehir.
margesk L (GF) = adder. See margisk.
margisk m. (). 1 ) lizard; 2 ) adder, viper
(JB3/IFb/GF); grass snake (JJ); 3) evil person, villain
(IFb). [also: margesk (GF); me’rgisk (B); [marghisk]
JlSjL (JJ)} [Ba2/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/OK/ TF//B//GF]
mari f. Q. female partridge, (syn: mekew)
[BX/GF/AD] <kew>
marifet c(IFb) = honor; courtesy; skill. See
me’rifet.
marmarok JjjLjL (A/IFb/GF/TF) = gecko lizard. See
marmaro§k I.
marmaro§k I /. (-a; ). small lizard, wall
gecko, zool. Gekkonidae. {also: marmarok
(A/IFb/GF-2/TF); [marejok] L (JJ-Lx);
<marmaro§k> (HH)1
[Msr/HH/GF//A/IFb/TF//JJ] <kilife; mar I>
marmasik c^LLjL (OK) = eel. See marmasi.
marmasi ^LjL ni. (). 1) eel, zool. Apodes. {also:
• •
marmasik (OK-2); me’rme’si (B); <marmasi> L ^L J L
(HH)] <mar = 'snake' + masi = fish: P marmahl
^LjL; Sor marmasi ^LjL; Za marmase m. (Mai)
[Bw/Zx/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK// B//HH] <masi>
marpeg^ojL (IFh/GF/OK/Hej/AA) = tuhe of
waterpipe; waterhose. See marpig.
marpig m./f.(OK) (-§/ ; ). 1) long, flexible tuhe
of a nargileh [hookah, waterpipe]; 2) {syn: sonde)
water hose: -marpige ave (Dh) do. {also: marpeg
(IFb/GF/OK/AA); [araw] J (JJ); <marpeg>
(Hej)] < P marpic = 'spiral, helix, e.g., spiral
tube’ --> T marpug = 'tube of nargileh'
[Dh/RZ//IFb/GF/OK/Hej/AA]
mart’ak JbjL (B/HH) = roof beam. See mertak.
mas (BK) = yoghurt. See mast.
mas*e (•a/»eya;»e). table: *Di dersxane
da gend mase hene? (DZK) How many tables
(=desks) are there in the class(room)? »Ger we
maseyeke vala dit we wexte hune xwe
nezi we maseye bikin, le dive maseya ku
we dit bi kemani gar kursi li dore hebin
(LC, 33) If you find an empty table, then you will
approach that table, but there must be at least four
chairs around the table you found. < T masa; Za
mase m. (Mai) [Ks/K/JB3/IFb/TF]
masi m./f.(Hk/Zeb) (). l) fish: -me’si girtin (B)
«•
to catch fish; 2 ) Pisces (astr.). {also: mesi; me’si (B);
[masi] ^L (JJ); <masi> L? ^L (HH)) [Pok. mad- 694.]
= 'moist, wet’ (according to this the fish is 'the wet
one’): Skt matsya- m,\ [Hindi/Urdu machhll
Av masya-; Mid P mahlg (M3); P mahl ^L; Sor
masi Za mase m. (Mal/Todd); Hau masawi f.
(M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK// B//HH]
<masigir; t’orvan; xerz; types of fish: *birek;
*biziri; *curi;
*dumbek; *du§etik; *ferx; gamasi;
marmasi; *masicuhi; *masipank; *masi§ink;
*masizerk; *mek; *naqor; *serceleb; *sergolik;
364
*sering; *simbelok; *§ilavil; *tilpefink; *xizik;
-l. k A A
*ze’imi>
masigir _^LvG (IFb/GF) = fisherman. See masigir.
masigir _>JLwG m. Q. fisherman, angler. [also: masigir
(IFb/GF); masivan (K-2/JB3/GF-2/TF); me’sigir (B);
[masi-ghir] ^L (JJ)I (syn: t’orvan) < masi = 'fish'
+ gir- = ’catch’: Cf. P mahlgir Sor masigir
^L*G/masiyewan jl^^G (K 2 )
[K/A/JJ//IFb/GF//B//JB3/TF]
masivan jlG-~G (K/JB3/GF/TF) = fisherman. See
masigir.
mast m. ( ; mest, vi masti). yoghurt, {also:
mas (BK- 2 ); [mast] L (JJ); <mast> o— L (HH))
\syn: qatix (Ag/Wn)} [Pok. mag- 696. & 2. mak-
698.] = 'to knead, fashion’ although Pok ascribes
the yoghurt words to his [Pok mad- 694] 'moist,
wet’ (>masi = ’fish), the idea of kneading is
paralleled by Turkish yogurt (<yogurinak = ’to
knead'): Mid P mast = ’curds, sour milk’ (M3); P
mast o— G; Sor mast G = 'curds, yoghurt’; Za
mast m. = ’yoghurt’ (Todd); cf. also Arm macun
J'lu&m.'u = 'yoghurt, fermented milk’
[Ad/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/BK/Wn/Tkm/Hk/Dy/Rh]
<dew I; doxeba; to I>
mastbir^JuG (A/IFb) = disease afflicting the hooves of
sheep. See mazber.
masterk (GF) = funnel. See masterk.
masterik J (IFb) = funnel. See masterk.
masterk f. (-a;-e). funnel, {also: masterk
(GF); masterik (IFb)} (syn: gewri [ 2 ]; kovik}
[Qzl//IFb/GF]
masule aJ^G (IFb) = spool. See masur.
masfir j_^G m. (-§; ). spool (of thread)\ bobbin,
j also: masule (IFb); masure (IFb- 2 ); cmasur
Y
j^G/masulke aSd^G /masote Jy~G> (Hej)} Sor
Y
masule aJ^G = 'whistle, bobbin' |KiVM/^/Kmc>i 3 /
GF/i ioj//ll , ’b| <dezi; dirutin>
masure (IFb) = spool. See masilr.
ma§ ^yG /. (-a; ). Indian pulse, green gram, mung
bean, bot. Pliaseohis aureus , often fed to cattle:
•Weki ma§a §evi 1§ hati (Bw) He was served
musty, old food [last night’s mung beans], {also:
ma§ik (A/TF); [mach/mash (Rh)] ^yiG (JJ); <ma§ik>
<Jj;G (HH)) <Skt masa = 'Phaseolus radiatus’
(Laufer, p.585); Mid P mas = 'vetch, pulse' (M3);
Sor ma§ ^yG; Hau ma§e m. (M4)
[SK/Bw/K/IFb/JJ/GF/OK//A/HH/TF] <kizin; §olik>
ma§ik JbG (A/TF/HH) = mung bean. See ma§.
ma§iq ^G (B) = in love; lover. See ma§oq.
ma§oq ^J-iG adj. 1 ) [+ ezafeh] in love [with]: •Hemfi
xorte yere bubfln ma§oqe we (Ba) All the
local youths were in love with her »Zelixe btibfi.
ma§oqa Osib (Ba) Zelikha fell in love with
Joseph; 2) beloved; lover (B). {also: ma§iq (B)} < Ar
ma‘suq [Ba/K//B]
ma§ot opG f. ( ;-e). little green worms that damage
fruit and vegetables (Qzl); caterpillar, larva (TF).
{also: <ma§ot> i"j G (Hej)} [Qzl/TF/Hej] <kurm>
ma§tin (M) = to sweep. See mali§tin.
mat I oG f. (). marble, small glass ball that boys like
to play with, (syn: tebel (Bw)) [Bw]
mat II oG (K/IFb/SK) = silent. See mit.
maw! ^G (AA/AD/GF) = female pig. See mahfl.
• •
max ^G m. Q. 1 ) {syn: garite; k’eran) beam, girder;
cross-beam, transom (K/Hej): *Baveki pir H
kega xwe di bine maxen xaniyek! mezin
de bi hev re dijin (Ardu, p.71) An old father
and his daughter live together under the beams of a
large house; 2 ) the space between two beams in a
ceiling (A/IFb). {also: max (K); <max> ^G, (Hej)} T
mag = ’open space between two crosspieces [atma]
in a ceiling, covered with wood or wooden beams
[mertek]’ (Kars: AC- 1 ); cf. Arm mat J'uuq = 'filter,
sieve’ [Ardu/A/IFb/GF/Hej//K] cmertak; rot>
max £G (K) = beam, girder. See max.
may ^G f. (-a; ). meddling, intereference {on
• •
occurs in the following expressions }: *Maya te te
nagit (Zeb) IPs none of your business; -may t§
kirin (Zeb/Dh) to interfere. See maytekirin.
[Zeb/Msl] <mayteker>
mayin ^G (JB1-A&S) = to remain. See man.
may! ^G (TF/Alkan) = the rest of. See mayin I.
• •
mayin I adj. 1 ) the rest of: *§ixuled mayin
(K) the rest of the matters; 2) {syn: din I) other,
different: *cara mayn (EP-7) once again, another
time •Dere mayin veke (K) Open the other door
•Tir§o, §ilan, cat’iri H p’incar@d mayin (L)
Sorrel, dogrose, marjoram, and other greens, {also:
mayi (TF/Alkan); mayn; [mki] ^G (JJ); <kes> ^jS
(HH)} [Ba 2 /K/B//TF/Alkan//JJ]
mayin II (K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH) = to remain. See
man.
mayn ^G = other. See mayin I.
365
M_
mayt§ker j<\£cqL adj. nosy, meddlesome. [Zeb/OK]
maytdkirin qjSSsjL : 1 ) vt. (). to interfere, meddle:
•Maya xo te neke (Zeb/Dh) Don’t interfere;
Mind your own business; 2) [f. ().] interference.
[Zeb/Dh/OK]
maz jL = oak tree. See mazi.
mazber jL (). disease afflicting the hooves of
sheep and goats; hoof and mouth disease? {also:
mastbir (A/IFb); mazbir (IFb-2); mazir (GF-2);
<mazber> (HH)) [syn: tebeq I)
[Hej/GF//HH//IFb//A]
mazbir _^>jL (IFb) = disease afflicting the hooves of
sheep. See mazber.
mazelilk JJ-JojL f. (). small lizard. [Haz]
<mazizerk>
mazin jjL (M-Ak/TF) = big, great. See mezin.
mazi f (). 1) oak tree; Valonia oak [T palamut]
4a
(A); oak, Quercus [T me§e agaci] (IF) {according to
Talib Berzinci of Suleimaniyeh, Iraq , gezo (q. v.)
accumulates on the branches of this tree overnight 1
; 2) oak-gall (K/JJ/HH). [also: maz; mazu; mazu;
mezi; [mazi] (JJ); <mazi> ^L (HH)) Cf. T mazi
= 'gallnut'; Sor mazu^jL = 'oak-gall'
[K/A/IF/JJ//HH]
mazir ^>jL (GF) = disease afflicting the hooves of sheep.
See mazber.
mazizerk -JjoyjjL f (-a; ]. type of lizard, which tra¬
ditionally it'is forbidden to kill. [Msr] <mazelilk>
mazmazk .JjLjL, f. (B) = backbone, spine. See
mezmezk.
maztir y>jL (M-Ak) = bigger. See mezintir.
mazu jjL = oak tree. See mazi.
mazu = oak tree. See mazi.
maztiban m.&f. (-§/ ; maztibSn/). host (or
hostess [f.]), one who looks after a guest: *Di
havine de, bira mevan gav@ xwe pis meke
ji bo ta§tiy£, di zivistanS de, mazftban
m@van§ xwe bira mede gav§ xwe pis bike
ji bo ta§tiy§ (L-#152) In summer, may the guest
not make trouble [lit. 'make his eyes dirty'] about
meals, in the winter, may the host not force his
guest to be difficult about meals [prv.]. [also:
mehsuban (Frq); mazuvan (IFb)} \syn: mevandar)
Mid P mezdban (M3); P mlzban = ’host’
< mlz/mez = ’guest’, cf. Av myazda, Pahl my’zd
[mezd] = ’sacrifice, offering meal’ (Vahman) + ban =
'guard, protector’ [Frq//K/L//IFb] <mevan>
mazuvan jli^jL (IFb) = host. See maztlban.
me prn. us; we (as the logical subject of past tense
transitive verbs) ; our (oblique case of em): *Ew
me dibine = He sees us *Me ew dit = We saw
him/her/it •mala me = our house, {also: [me]
(JJ); <me[h]> (HH)} Cf. P ma L; Sor eme &
-man jL; Za ma [BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <em>
mea§ me’a§ [JBl-A/OK] m./f.(B) (-e/ ;
/-£). wages, salary, earnings: *[Eger dixwazi ez
wan biqewrinim h ewan ma§£d wan Kemti.
bidime te] (JR) If you want, I'll chase them away
and give you all their possessions *Ma hek’e ez
nehat’ibama da gi 1 min key? An da
me’a§e min biri, da min j nik xo key dere,
an da min kuji (JBl-A #135) If I hadn't come,
what would you have done to me? You would
either have cut off my wages, or kicked me out, or
killed me •Peren ku didane me ne pir bin
ji, disa ji ji mea$@n hemfi karmend ti
karkeren wan zedetir bun (AW72B3) Even if
the money they gave us was not a lot, it was still
more than the wages of all their workers, [also:
mia§ (B); [mach] jit*-* (JJ); <ma§> jiL (HH)) Ar
ma‘as (<V‘- y-s = 'to live') = 'salary'
[JR/JJ/HH//JB1-A/OK//K//B]
mebes (OR) = goal. See mebest.
mebest f (-a;- 6). aim, goal, intention,
purpose: *Li girtigehen £anakkale ... y§
zedeyi 100 girtiyen siyasi bi mebesta
protest[o]kirina §ert ft pest£n idareye ketin
greva birgibftne (Wit 2:59, p.5) In the prisons of
Ganakkale [et al.] more than 100 political prisoners
held a hunger strike with the aim of protesting the
[bad] conditions and oppression of [=at the hands
of] the authorities *Me got gel le mebesta me
ji v§ peyv6 ewe ku kes£n t@n serdana
pe§angeh§ (Wit 2:71, p. 6 ) We said 'the people'
but what we meant [lit. 'our intention'] by this word
was 'those who come to see the exhibit’;
-merem ill mebest (AX) do. [also: mebes (IF/OK))
(syn: armanc [ 1 ]; meqsed; merem; net) ?< Ar
mabhat^iw^ = 'subject, research'; Sor mebes[t]
[ak<u«u = 'intention, object' [AX/K(s)/IFb/TF//JB3]
mecal JL-^ f. (-a;-ej. possibility, probability,
chance, opportunity: •T’i micala Mem@ di
366
M
nava wanda ne xuyane (Z-2) Mem had no
chance among them [lit. 'no chance of Mem's
appeared among them']; -k’etin mecale (EP-7) to
seize the opportunity. I also: mical (Z-2); [medjal]
JU** (JJ); <mecal> JL^ (HH)] { syn: delive; derfet;
fesal [1]; firset; kevlu [2]; k’es] < Ar majal JL** =
'room, space (for stg.)'
[EP-7/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
mecbor (SK/JBl-A/OK) = obliged. See mecbur.
mecbur adj. forced, obliged, obligated:
•§ivan mecbtir dibiln p§z binine we der§
(Ba2) The shepherds had to (were forced to) take
the sheep there *Te cebiren ez mam. Ma
hek’e ez nehat’ibama da gi 1 min key? An
da me 5 a§§ min biri, da min j nik xo key
dere, an da min kuji. Ez mecbor bom
bihSm (JBl-A #135) You brought me by force. If I
hadn't come, what would you have done to me?
You would either have cut off my wages, or kicked
me out, or killed me. I was forced to come, {also:
mecbor (SK/JBl-A/OK); [medjbouri] (JJ)t
{syn: negar) <Ar majbur (mecburi)
[Ba2/K/IFb/B//SK/JBl-A/OK//JJ]
mecbfiri ^ j f ( ;-ye). necessity, obligation.
[K/IFb/B] <mecbur>
meclis ^ f (-a;-e). (official or royal)
assembly: »Wezir, go te li miclise, ... (L)
When the vizier comes to the assembly ... {also:
miclis; miclis (Z-2); mijlis (L); [medjilis] (JJ)}
{syn: civat; k’omel) < Ar majlis ^k. (< Vj-l-s
= ’to sit') [L//K/B/IF//JJ]
mecma’ (JBl-A) = tray. See mecme’.
mecme’ ^^/me’cme [B§k] f ( ;-§). large
tray, on which meals are served. : *Her ek kire
d[i] senik’ekS ferfilrida dane d[i]
mecma‘eda, bir dane ser m§zey mabeyna
her duk’a (JBl-A #78) He put each one on a
porcelain plate which he put on a tray, and he put
them on the table between the two of them, {also:
mecma’ (JBl-A)} {syn: berke§) Cf. P majma'ah
A*^/majmu‘ah 4 ^*. = ’(copper) tray'; Sor mecme
^.u/mecume ^^/mecum’e ^ (Hej);
NENA majma[ha] (Maclean) & majuma (Garbell) &
maj-ma (Oraham) = 'tray'. Although of Arabic
origin, the word majma'ah does not have this
meaning in Arabic per se, [B§k//SK//JBl-A]
<lengeri; seni; tiryan>
megek f./m.(OK) ( /-e; ). wrist, {syn: bask;
zend I) Cf. Sor megek [K/IFb/OK] <bazin>
megit (K) = mosque. See mizgeft.
Med m. (). Mede (ancient Iranian people: many
Kurds believe that the Medes were their ancestors):
•Meriv dibeje qeye agirperesteki dema
medan e (Tof) One could say he was a fire
worshipper from the time of the Medes. {also: Mad
(A/GF)} Sor Mad jL [Tof/K/IFb//A/GF]
me’d*e m. (*e; ). appetite: *Me’d§ wi
qermig’i (Z- 2 ) He made a face; -me’de/mad§
xwe kirin (XF/K): a) to express one's displeasure,
discontentment, etc.; b) to grieve, give o.s. over to
sadness, be sad, be(come) gloomy, frown, knit
one's brow, be sullen, be morose: •Gundi me’d@
xwe kir u geleki ber xwe k’et (XF) The
villager was very sad and depressed •MSvanS me
giqas me’de wi kiriye (Z-2) How sullen our
guest is; -made xwe tir§ kirin (XF) to frown,
make a face, be dissatisfied, {also: made (XF/K);
[made/mide] (JJ)) <Ar mi'dah --> T mide =
'stomach'
[Z-2//XF/K/B/JJ] <avif; pirg’u>
medek f. (-a;-e). female buffalo, {also: madak
(IF- 2 ); madek (K); [madek] JjL (JJ); <madak> JbL
(HH)} (syn: mange [2]; megame§)
[YZ/A/IF/B//K/JJ//HH] <game§>
medeniyet o J f. ( civilization; culture:
• Dewleta 'usmani Kukm li-ser hingo diket,
he§ta ni§aneki medeniyete H insaniyetd di-
naw hingoda icad nekirine [sic] (SK 57:662)
The Ottoman government has ruled over you and
has not as yet produced a sign of civilization or
humanity among you. (syn: §arsaniyet; temedon
(F)} < Ar madanlyah = 'civilization'
[AX/K/SK]
medfuni (GF) = tomato sauce. See metfini.
medh^-j^ (SK/OK) = praise. See metli.
medih (K)/mediK (OK) = praise. See metfi.
me’f ^ip«^/mef o*- [KJ f. (-a;-e). litter, stretcher,
sedan; howdah (HH): *Me’fa min hebfi, ez
t@da Tazam (EH) I had a litter [etc.], and I slept on
it «Pa§e ez Ii§yar bfim, ji me’f§ derk’etim
(EH) After I woke up, I got out of the litter [etc.].
{also: [maf 6 AiU/mafe asU-] (JJ); <me’afe>
m
(HH)| (syn: darbest) <Ar mihaffah/mahaffah =
'litter, stretcher' [EH//K//JJ//HH]
367
M
mefer f. (-aye). opportunity, chance;
possibility (A/IF): •Mefere nadin (XF) They
don't give him a chance •T’u mefera mevane
te nemaye (Z-2) Your guest has no opportunity
left, [syn: delive; derfet; firset; k’es; mecal) <Ar
m w
mafarr (< Vf-r-r j - ’to run away 1 ) = 'escape'
[Z-2/K/A/IFb/GF/XF]
mefreq m.(Zeb)/f.(OK) (). bronze, [also:
[maffak/mfrak (G)/mefrak (Lx)/miiffaq (PS)]
(JJ); <mefreq> jo (Hej)} (syn: birinc II; §ib) Cf. P
mafn y <Ar mufray jyJu = 'cast (in a
moltj’; Sor mefreq = 'bronze'
[Zeb/IFb/JJ/OK/Hej]
mefsik (CB/HH) = strainer. See mifsik.
meger part. 1) apparently; It turns out that...
(commenting in retrospect on an earlier event):
•[Meger jina Mela Bazid ji hatibtiye
guhdariye] (JR-3) It turns out that Mullah Bazid's
wife had also come to listen; 2) interrogative
particle expecting a negative answer. «Eger ew
mezhebe Keqq neba bo gi Xude daimi
Sunniyan dikete §i’e? Bo gi careke §i 5 e
nakete Sunni? Meger Xude dujmine §ola
gak e? (SK 60:713) If that sect was not right, why
does God always makes Sunnis into Shiahs? Why
doesn't he make Shiahs into Sunnis for once? God
isn’t the enemy of good work, is he?; 3) (syn: ji ...
pe ve; ji bill; xenci) [prep.] except for, excepting:
•Hung cedele neken digel Yehtid ti.
Nesrani, ku ehli kitab in, meger bi
xeberet ba§tir u nerm u xo§tir (SK 60:726)
Do not argue with Jews and Christians, who are the
people of the hook, excepting with words which
are better, softer, and kinder; 4) [syn: eger 1} [ conj .]
if: «Meger baran be, em nagin §eher (B) If it
rains, we won’t go to town, [also: [megher] JL (JJ))
Cf. P magar jL = 'interrogative particle expecting a
negative answer' & T meger = 'It turns out that...,
apparently’; Sor meger = 'but, unless, except,
perhaps’ [JR/K(s)/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK]
megirti G>. (let’s) suppose; as if. cf. Jewish NENA
(of Zakho) magirti = ’as if (Iddo Avinery. The
Aramaic Dialect of the Jews of Zakho [Jerusalem,
1988]) Sor giriman [Bw/Zeb]
meh f. (-aye). 1 ) (syn: hiv [2: heyv]) month:
•meha Gulane = the month of May; -ve mehe -
this month; 2) [syn: hiv) moon (K/A/B); 3)
(monthly) salary: •Meha te eze bidime te (Z-
922) I’ll give you a salary, [also: [meh] (JJ);
<meh> (HH)) [Pok. menot, gen. meneses,
whence menes-/mens-/mes-/men- m. 731.] ’month’:
Skt mds/masa- m.; O Ir *mah-/*maha- (Ras, p.133):
Av ma, gen . maiaho; O P maha-; Mid P mah (M3);
P mah oL; Sor mang JjL = ’moon, month’; Za
meng f. = ’month’ (Todd)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Rh]
mehandin (WM) = to ferment; to freeze. See
meyandin.
mehbub ^ 35 - 0 *^ (K) = heloved. See melibflb.
mehele (IFh) = city quarter. See mihel.
mehfir (Czr) = carpet. See mehffir.
mehftir f. (). carpet; rich, plush carpet (JJ)
[woven carpet as opposed to kombar = factory-
made wall-to-wall carpet], [also: mahfur (IFb);
mehfir (Czr); mefifur (Bw); [maxfiir] (JJ);
<mehfur> J 3 i ^ 6 (HH)) (syn: xalige) Sor mefur[e]
[BX/K//HH/GF/Bw//Czr//JJ//IFb] <ber IV;
gelt; kombar; kulav [3]; tati>
mehir f (-aye). wedding; (civil) marriage,
nuptials: -mehr kirin (IFb/GF)/mar kirin (JJ/JR)
to get married, marry, [also: mar II (K/JJ/JR/Z-3);
mehr (A/IFb/GF); [mar] jL (JJ); <mehr>^ (HH))
(syn: nikha) <Ar mahr ^ = ’bridal money’; Hau
mare kerdey = ’to marry (a certain woman)’ (M4).
For a description of Kurdish marriage practices
see: B. Nikitine. Les Kurdes : etude sociologique et
historique (Paris : Imprimerie Nationale : Librairie
C. Klincksieck, 1956), p. 108 ff. (Azerbaijan); M.
Mokri. “Le mariage chez les Kurdes,” in:
Recherches de kurdologie : Contribution
scientifique aux etudes iraniennes (Paris : Librairie
Klincksieck, 1970), pp. 33-61 (Iranian Kurdistan)
[SW//K/JR/JJ//A/IFb/HH/GF] <buk; de’wat; next =
qelen; zava; zewac>
mehin I f. (-aye), mare, female horse, [also:
mefiin (B); mifiin (Z-2); mi’in (HB); [mehin
O^Jmahin main qjL] (JJ); <me’in>
(HH)) (syn: hesp, f.) Mid P madlyan (M3); P
madiyan Sor mayin Za mahine f.
(Mai); Haumaini f. (M4) [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/
TF//B//HH//HB] <hesp; me’negi>
mehin II vi. (-meh-). 1 ) to coagulate, congeal
vi.; to ferment vi. (of yoghurt): •MastS min
nemehiye (Zeb) My yoghurt has not fermented;
368
M
2) to freeze vi. (fig., e.g., in politics) (IFb). {also:
meyin (IFb-2/GF)} Cf. P maye <yL = 'ferment,
leaven, yeast'; Sor meyin = 'to set, congeal'
[Zeb/IFb/M] <germixin; meyandin>
mehir f. (-a;-e). soup made out of buttermilk
[dew] and cooked wheat: •'Elbekek ji t’ije
mehir bi deste weye (Z-4) And she has a
bucket of mehir soup in her hand, {also: meyir
(Qzl); <mehir>^^ (HH)| {syn: girar)
[Z-4/A/IFb/HH/GF/FJ/Frq//Qzl]
mehkem (K) = strong, firm. See mefikem.
mehli f. (). wooden harrow, {also: mall II
(Kmc-16-2); mehli (A/GF); <melili> (HH);
• •
<mehli> (Hej)l {syn: mangera dar| Sor matu
JL [Kmc-6/IFb//A/GF/Hej/Kmc-16//HH]
<mangef>
mehr (A/IFb/HH/GF) = wedding. See mehir.
mehs ^ (GF) = slipper. See mes I.
mehuj£j&<JL* (GF) = female pig. See mahu.
mehuj (K) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mehvan (IFb) = guest. See mevan.
mehhet (Z-2) = love. See mufibet.
mehbflb adj. beloved, {also: mehbiib (K); []
(JJ)1 < Ar mahbub [EP-7//K//JJ]
mehes f. ( ;-e). curry-comb, comb made of
rows of metallic teeth or serrated ridges, used to
curry or dress horses : -mefies kirin (K/JJ) to
curry or dress (a horse) : •[Hespe xwe mel'ies u
gelve§in kir] (PS-II, #31) He combed and rubbed
down his horse, [also: mihes (IFb); [mahass] (PS-II);
[mehes maas ^* 0 ^] (JJ); <mihes> (HH)|
• 4 .
<Ar mihassah Sor milies
[PS-II/K/B/JJ//HH//IFb] <gelve§!n>
m eh fur j ^ (Bw) = carpet. See mehfur.
mehin (B) = mare. See mehin I.
mehkem adj. strong, tight, firm: -mehkem
girtin (Ba2) to hold tightly onto stg. {also:
mehkem (K); [mouhkem] (JJ)) <Ar muhkam
= 'strengthened, reinforced; sturdy' (syn: hi§k
[2]; qalin [2]) [Ba2/B//K//JJ] <mukum>
mehsuban (Frq) = host. See mazflban.
mejan q) (IFb) = beam of a plow. See mijane.
meji m. (-ye ; meji [BK]). 1) (syn: mex (Haz)|
brain; 2) marrow, bone marrow: -mejfiye hestu
(K) do.; 3) (syn: aqil II) sense, intelligence (K/Haz):
•Mejiye te hilnade (Haz) You can't comprehend
[it] •Mi[n] di mejiy§ bav§ te niya/ga (Haz) [A
curse: lit. 'I fucked your father's head']; 4) {syn:
ser[i]} head (Haz/HH). {also: meju (Mzg); meju
(F/K/B-2/GF-2); meji (Ber/IFb-2/SK/TF); miju
(Haz); [mejou]j>> (JJ); <meji> (HH)) [Pok.
moz-g-o- 750.] 'marrow': Skt majjan- m. = 'marrow'
& mastfska- m./n. = 'brain' & mas taka- m./n. =
'skull'; O Ir mazga- (Ras, p.132): Av mazga-; Mid P
mazg (M3); P mayzj^ = 'brain; marrow'; Sor me§k
Y
Jj^Lo = 'brain' & mejeiak = 'brain
(substance)'; Za mezg m. - 'brain' (Mai); Hau mejg
m. (M4); cf. also Rus mozg M03r = 'brain'
[Haz/Srk/BK/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK//
Mzg//F/K/JJ//Ber/SK/TF]
meji§u§tin qzJS&ZjJ** f. (). 1 ) brainwashing; 2 )
forced assimilation, {also: meji§u§tin (Ber)} < meji =
'brain' + §u§tin = 'to wash' [(neol)Ber]
meju (Mzg) = brain. See meji.
meju (F/K/B/GF) = brain. See meji.
mejxul (JB 1 -S) = busy. See mijul.
mek’an m. [ ;-i). 1 ) (syn: ci; der; §un| place:
•Min g’e’ve xwe vekir vi mik’anida (Z-l) I
opened my eyes [and found myself] in this place;
2) (syn: hewirge) abode, residence; 3) (syn:
ni§timan) country, homeland, fatherland, {also:
mikan. f. (K); mik’an II (Z-l); [mekan] jlSG (JJ);
<mekan> (jlSG (HH)) < Ar makan = 'place'
[Z- 1 //K//IF/JJ/HH]
mekeb = type of basket. See mekev.
mekesk (JBl-A) = scissors. See meqes.
mekev f. ( basket (IF/JJ); large, wide, and
shallow basket made of slender willow branches,
placed upside down over foods to air them out and
protect them from insects (MB): *De here, ji
xwe ra xiyareki ji bin mekeve ... der xe u
bixwe! (MB, p.ll) Go get yourself out a
cucumber from under the basket and eat it! {also:
mekeb; melkeb (IFb); melkep (TF); merkeb
(Qzl/JBl-S); [mekab] (JJ)) Cf. Turoyo mkabbe,
f. = 'basket-sbaped covering, about a span long, put
over food and dishes to protect them from cats’
(HR2) & NENA mikabe/mukaba = 'large basket
used to cover food to protect it from mice, insects,
etc.' (Maclean) & mikabbe = 'large & heavy basket
placed upside down over food to keep it from cats'
441
(Sabar:Dict); <Ar mikabbah = 'plaited straw
lid for protecting foods' < Vk-b-b = 'to
)
369
M
overturn, capsize 1 [MB//JJ//IFb//TF// Qzl/JBl-S]
<'edil; sebet; zembil>
mek’t’eb f. ( ;-§). school: •Mamoste, gava
ku ez dihatim mektebe lawikek li pey min
bfl, hema bela xwe di min dida, ji ber we
ez hineki dereng mam (LM, p.16) Teacher,
when I was coming to school a boy was behind
me, he was bothering me, that's why I am a little bit
late •Roja pa§tir em hemi p£kve rabfiyn,
gtiyne mek 5 t 5 eb§, em li mek’t’ebe
rflni§tine xar£, me bo xo behse hinde kir
(M-Am #715) The next day we all got up together
and went to school and sat down in school and
talked about it among ourselves. I also: mektew
(Ad); [mekteb] (JJ)) {syn: xwendegeh) < Ar
maktab (< Vk-t-b = 'to write')—> T mektep
[K/B/JJ/M//Ad] <dibistan; zaningeh>
mektew (Ad) = school. See mek’t’eb.
mek’t’ub Xu> f (-a;-e). letter, epistle. I also:
[mektoub] (JJ)) [syn: k’axez [2]; name) < Ar
maktub (< Vk-t-b = ’to write')-> T mektup
[L/Z-2/K/JJ]
mela m. (-ye; ). mullah, title of Muslim religious
leader; imam, hodja; Muslim learned man (HH):
• [Lewrani qesmi xwendi u mela di niv
ekradan bi tima ft xesti(?) me§hilrin] (JR)
Because of this, learned people and mullahs have a
reputation among the Kurds for being greedy *Suq
tiji quma§ e, 1£ mela b@§a§ e (BX) The
marketplace is full of cloth, but the mullah is
turbanless [prv.]. {also: mele (F/L/K/Ba2/IFb-2/B);
melle (Dz/B-2); [mela] 'i* (JJ); <mela> N- (HH)( Cf. P
mulla Sor mela {melati; meleti)
[BX/IFb/JBl-A/JB2/TG2/A/JB3/JJ/
HH//K/Ba2/F/L/B//Dz]
melati f (-ya; ). profession or state of being a
mullah, [also: meleti (K-2)) [K] <mela>
melayket (M-Ak) = angel. See melek.
mele (F/L/K/Ba2/IFb/B) = mullah. See mela.
melek m. (-e;-i). angel (religious and poetic
usage) : •[Ewi meleki cewab daye) (JR) That
angel answered; • Hakimi got, 'bismilla, ew
kiye? 1 Got§, 'hu§§§, ez melaykete ruK-
k§§an§ me.’ (M-Ak #541) The governor said, 'By
God, who is that?’ He said, 'Hush, I am the angel
who carries off souls.' [also: melayket (M-Ak);
melyak’et (IFb-2); mileket (IFb-2); mili[y]ak 5 et,
m./f. (B- 2 ); milyak’et, m. (K- 2 ); [melek] JlL (JJ);
<melek *J1* /milyaket (HH)) < Ar maFak
Ju [JR/F/Ba2/PS/K/IFb/JJ/ B/HH/SK/OK]
melem (IFb) = salve; comfort. See melhem.
meles ^< 0 ^ adj. 1 ) thin, elegant, refined (of cloth) :
•Kirase te meles e = "Your shirt is elegant"
(song sung by Ay§e §an); 2 ) {syn: garik (Haz); terfii
(Haz)} [f] silken cloth (shirt material) ; silk and
cotton threaded cloth; gauze (Rh); piece of cloth (JJ)
[coupon d'etoffe]. {also: melez; [melez] yL (JJ)) < Ar
malas = 'silk fahric for women's dresses' &
amlas Lr L>\ = 'smooth' —> T meles/ melez
[DS/Rh//JJ]
meleti (K) = being a mullah. See melati.
melevan m.&f. (). 1 ) [syn: sobek’ar)
swimmer; 2 ) [adj.] (capable of) swimming (SK):
•Ehle Barzane ji masiyan melewantir in
(SK 47:465) The people of Barzan swim better than
fishes, {also: melewan (SK); [melevan] (JJ);
<melevan> jliL (HH)) Sor melewan
jmelevani) [K(s)/IFb/HH/GF//JJ/SK]
melevani /. (). swimming: -melevani kirin
»•
(Elk/Wn) to swim, [also: melewani (SK); [melevani]
tyW- (JJ)) [syn: ajne; sobahi)
[Elk/Wn/K(s)/A/GF//JJ/SK] <melevan>
melewan (SK) = swimmer. See melevan.
melewani (SK) = swimming. See melevani.
• •
melexan f. (). scythe, pruning hook, {syn:
diryas; k’elendi; qirim; §alok) [IFh/OK]
melez = refined; type of cloth. See meles.
melef (B) = pitchfork. See mil@b.
melev (B/IFb) = pitchfork. See mil£b.
melhem f. (-a;-e). 1 ) soothing ointment, salve,
balm; balsam: »Jin ji hene, jan ji hene,
merhema birina ji hene (L) Some women are a
pain, others are a salve for wounds [prv J; 2 ) [fig.]
calming, soothing; comfort: •Derman
melhema mini (FT) You are my cure and my
comfort, [also: melem (IFb- 2 ); melhem (B/F);
merhem (IFb/GF- 2 ); [melhem pglo/mrahm pAj-d (JJ);
<melhem> (HH)) <Gr malagma |xdXocyp.a: Ar/P
mar ham T merhem—> Bulg mehlem
MeXAeM; Arc malugma & Syr molagmo
Y
■l.Tnv^v^p; Sor melhem pA$J ^/merhem Za
melhem m. (Mai) [FT/K/JJ/HH/GF//F/B//IFb/L]
melheb (TF) = pitchfork. See mil§b.
370
melhep (IFb) = pitchfork. See mileb.
melheb (IFb) = pitchfork. See mileb.
melhep (A) = pitchfork. See mileb.
melHem (B/F) = salve; comfort. See melhem.
melitk m.(Bw)/f.(OK) (-e/ ; ). apron, (syn:
berdilk; berk’o§; bervank; bermilk; mezer)
[Bw/Dh/OK]
melkeb ^<£3^ (IFb) = basket for covering food. See
mekev.
melk’emot/melkemot [Z-4] c^5-« m. (-e; ).
1 ) [syn: ruhistin) Azrail, the angel of death; 2)
[adj.J tough, brave, courageous: -Melk’emote
m£re kule (K) fearless, not afraid of death:
•Ba§bazirgan binaye melkemote kuleye
(Z-4) The top merchant is fearless. <Ar malak al-
mawt JLL — > T melekiilmevt = 'angel of
death, Azrail' [Z-4/K/IFb]
melkep v a£Ja^ (TF) = basket for covering food. See
mekev.
melk’es ^aSD^u, f. (-a; ). broom. \svn: avlek; cerivk
(Bw); gezi; k’ino§e; sirge (Ad); siqavel; sivnik; sizik;
§icing (K§); §irt I) < Ar miknasah = 'broom'
(<Vk-n-s = 'to sweep’) (Cnr/Qzl/iFb/GFl <gezi;
mali§tin>
melle aJJa^, (Dz/B) = mullah. See mela.
melill adj. 1) {syn: mon; zelul) sad, gloomy;
depressed (B): *Tu gira usa meluli? (B) Why
are you so sad?; -melill bfin (B/IF) to become sad;
-simbele fk-e melul bhn (Z-2) to become
angry: »Mir Zeydin simbele wi melul bun
(Z-2) M.Z. became very angry [lit. 'his whiskers
became gloomy']; -melhl kirin (B/IFb) to make
sad, sadden; -meltll u mizdan (Z-l) sad,
depressed, down in the mouth: »M. Tabu ser
xwe, le gelek melftl mizdan bti (Z-l) M.
got up, but he was very sad and depressed; 2) low
(HH/GF). {also: [melul] (JJ); <melul> (HH)|
(meluli) [Z-1/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] <p’o§man>
melfili ^^3^ f. (-ya;-ye). sadness; depression: *L§
sebebya melfilya te giye? (FK-kk-2) What is
the reason for your sadness? \syn: xemgini; zeluli)
[K/B] <melul>
melyak’et oaTI (IFb) = angel. See melek.
memfihet oas^a^, (Z-2 ) = advantage; profit. See
menfa’et.
memik J-.a^ m./f.(B) (-e/-a; /-e). ( woman's )
breast(s), bosom; breast of a young woman or girl
CJJ/B); bosom of both men and women (HH). {also:
[memik] d—« (JJ); <memik> JL. (HH)) {syn: bistan;
g’ig’ik) Sor mem p.«^/memik Hau meme m.
(M4) [EP-7/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
me’mur ^.u/memur [IFb/F] m. Q. 1 ) civil
servant, official; 2 ) plenipotentiary, person
authorized (to do stg.) , representative; 3) [adj.]
authorized, appointed: •[£) tu me’mure gi
§oleyi?] (JR) What work have you been appointed
to do? {also: mamur (JB2)) < Ar ma’mur — > T
memur [K/JR//IFb/F//JB 2 ]
mencal JL> 3 a_* (K) = cauldron. See mencel.
mencel Ja^^u, f. (-a; ). very large pot, cauldron.
{also: mencal (K); mencil (OK- 2 ); [mendjel/manjal
(Rh)] (JJ)) (svn: sitil [ 2 ]) Cf. Sor mencel j A5ti A^j
= 'cooking-pot of metal, cauldron’
[Msr/IF/JJ/SK/OK//K] <bero§; den I; miqilk>
mencelok JjJa^a^ /. (-a; ). milk-pail: -menceloka
§iri (Bw) do. [also: men§olek (B)) \syn: zerik I[2]}
<mencel + -ok = dim. suffix [Bw//B] <dewl I; 'elb;
sitil>
mencil Jjua* (OK) ~ cauldron. See mencel.
mend (GF) = type of edible grass. See mendik.
mende £jOa* (Bw/Hej) = type of edible grass. See
mendik.
mendik d^jA* f. ( ;-e). type of edible grass, type of
watercress (T tere otu], preserved for winter use:
•Diya me ji bi me ra hat da ku pincaran
§ani me bide (spink, tir§o, mendik, pekesk
H.D.) (E§, p. 8 ) Our mother came with us too, to
show us edible plants [pincar] (meadow salsify,
sorrel, mendik, pekesk , etc.), {also: mend (GF-2);
mende (Bw); mendi (GF-2); <mende> ^jJa^ (Hej)}
T mende/mendo [Erci§-Van] = 'nice-smelling
and -tasting plant whose outer skin is removed
before eating’ [di§ kabugu soyularak ozii yenilen,
tadi ve kokusu giizel bir ot] (DS, v. 9, p. 3160, etc.)
= T medik (Atilcan, p. 83)/mediyh (Gemalmaz,
v.3, p. 220 ) [E§/K/B/GF//Hej/Bw]
mendi ^jJa^ (GF) = type of edible grass. See mendik.
me’naU<u f (*a/»eya; •§). 1 ) meaning,
significance: »Her do qewi 'alim o saliK bfln,
digotin e wan 'Seyda§t Barzani'. Seyda li-
naw kurdan bi me'na 'ustad' e (SK 46:444)
Both were very wise and pious and they were
371
M
called the Teachers of Barzan'. Sayda means
’teacher’ among the Kurds *Maniya van kursiya
gi ye? (L) What is the significance of these chairs?;
2) reason, cause; motive: -me’na fk-e gerin (XF):
a) to find fault with; to nag at, pick on; b) to find an
excuse to argue with s.o., to pick a fight with; c) to
tease, mock: • Go : “Leyle, em hatine
bindartikS, tu me’na me digeri, teyre,
teyr§ minra gi beje, eze teyrra gi bejim?”
(EP-5, #16) She said, “Leyla, we [girls] have come
to play under the trees, you must be teasing us; it’s
a bird, what would the bird say to me, what would
I say to him?” {also: mana (K/GF); mane (B/IFb);
mani (L);'me’ne (B- 2 ); me’ni (B-2); [mana
^yj^/mani Ls ^} (JJ); <me’na> (HH)} < Ar ma'na
c j*.t (< V ‘-n-y = 'to mean') --> T mana; Sor
mana bL; Za mahna f. (Todd)
[HH/SK//B/IFb//K/JB3/JJ/GF//L]
menat (SK) = ruble. See manat.
me’ne (B) = meaning; reason. See me’na.
me’negi /. ( ;-ye). pedigreed horse, horse of
• •
noble race (IFb/A/JJ/HH); cart-horse, draught-horse
[Rus bitiug 6 htkt] (K/B): ["Kure min, de here
tavilS, hezar du me’negi w£ li tavile da,
bo xwe eki je bigre."] (PS-II #34, p.104, 1.22-
24) ”My son, go to the stable, there are 1,002
horses in the stable, choose one for yourself." {also:
manegi (A/IFb/B); manek (IFb- 2 ); [maneki]
(JJ); <me’nek> JL** (HH)} <Ar mi'naql
^jA^/mPnaq = 'excellent at the pace called
‘anaq (of horses)'. See Ferdinand Justi. "Les
noms d'animaux en Kurds," Revue de Linguistique,
3 (1878), p. 7; for other references: PS, v. 2 a, p.
147, footnote 1 . [Z-l/K/PS-II//A/IFb/ B//JJ/HH]
<hesp>
menfa'et f./m.(SK) ( /-e; ). 1 ) advantage,
benefit; profit, gain: «Ew dewleta ko ho bit,
Ketta noke gu menfe'et bo millete xo
nedabit, belko daimi se'y kiribit bo mehw
ft peri§aniya hingo, bes xizmet kirin bo
wan fewqu-l-’ade sefahet ft Kemaqet e (SK
57:665) A government of this nature, which until
now has done no good to its people [or, which has
not benefited its people], but has rather constantly
striven to destroy and disperse you-obedience to
such as these is extraordinary foolishness and
stupidity »Suto ... t@-ge§t ko eger Teto
muroe §ex bit h. daimi xulam£t §£x lali
Teto bin, Kal£ wi de nexo§ bit, menfe'ete
wi de kem bit (SK 61:767) Suto ... realized that
if Teto hecame a shaikh's man, and the shaikh's
servants were continuously with Teto, his own
[=Suto’s] condition would become uncertain and
his profits would diminish; 2) {syn: berjewendi}
(vested) interest. ( also: memfihet (Z-2); menfeet
(IFb); menfe‘et (SK); menfehet; menfiet} <Ar
manfa‘ah (<Vn-f- c ^ = ’to be of use')
[Z-2//K//IFb//SK]
menfeet (lFh)/menfe c et (SK) =
advantage; profit. See menfa’et.
menfehet = advantage; profit. See menfa'et.
menfiet = advantage; profit. See menfa'et.
me’ni (B) = meaning; reason. See me’na.
men§olek (B) = milk-pail. See mencelok.
menzel Jo>s<slo = residence; etape, day's march. See
menzil.
menzil (SK) = residence; etape, day's march. See
menzil.
menzil f. (-a;-e). 1 ) residence, apartments,
lodgings, quarters: *Ez ho munasib dibinim
Sezrete Mehdi digel gend muro£t mezin o
mu'teber bihen e menzila bende (SK 47:462)
I consider it best that his Highness the Mahdi and a
few leaders and honoured men should come to my
quarters; 2) {syn: qonax [4]} stage, distance between
two points or stops (on a trip) , a day's journey (K);
distance one can travel on foot in one day (IF);
day's march, distance between staging points, etape
[Fr.] (JBl-A); 3) station, stop (B/HH). {also: menzel;
menzil (SK); [menzel] (JJ); <menzel>
(HH)) < Ar manzil = 'house, lodgings’ (<Vn-z-l
Jjj = 'to descend, alight')
[K/IFb/Ba2/B/JR//JJ/HH//SK]
meqber (IFb/JJ) = grave. See mexber.
meqbere (IF/HH) = grave. See mexber.
meqos f. (-a;-e). scissors: •Min maqes girt
u ez ketim nav pore xwe (LC, p.6) I took a
scissors and went after my hair [humorous]',
-meqes kirin (B) to cut, clip, {also: maqes (LC);
mekesk (JBl-A); meqesk (JB1-A-2/OK-2); meqest;
[maqas] ^jajL* (JJ); <meqes> ^Ju (HH)} {syn: cawbir}
Ut w
< Ar maqass yoS* (<Vq-s-s ^ = 'to cut’) --> T makas
[Bg/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK//JBl-A// LC//JJ]
<hevring>
372
M
meqesk <JL*?<**• (JBl-A/OK) = scissors. See meqes.
meqesok f. ( ;-e). swallow, zool.
Hirundinidae. {also: meqesork (F)} {syn: dumeqesk
(F); l'iacliacik; qernequgik (IF)} [K/B//F]
meqesork (F) - swallow. See meqesok.
meqest = scissors. See meqes.
meqle (JBl-A) = pan. See miqilk.
meqsed f (-a; ). aim, goal, purpose,
intention: *Ez nizanim em meqseda xo 'erz
bikeyn yan cenabe axa de pisyara Kale
mewanan fermot (SK 42:408) I do not know
whether we should explain our mission [or.
purpose] or if your honour intends to ask after his
guests? *Mir got, "Her kese mizginiya teyri
bo min binit ez de xelateki bi keyfa wi
dem 5." Xelki ji weto texmin kirin [sic] mir
beKse mizginiya teyre bihare ye. Meqseda
mir te-nege§tin gi ye (SK 29:261) The Mir said,
"Whoever brings me the good news of the bird I
shall give him a present which will please him."
People imagined that the Mir was talking of the
good news of the coming of the bird of spring.
They did not understand the Mir's meaning, [also:
mexsed (Z-3); [meqsed] j^oiu (JJ)] (syn: armanc [1];
mebest; merem; net [4]) <Ar maqsad
[Z-3//K/IFb/HH/SK]
mer I (Fj/me’r (B/MK/GF) - snake. See mar I.
mer II f. (-a;-e). iron shovel (as opposed to ber =
wooden shovel) (B); spade (A/IF); hoe (JJ). {also:
[mer] ^ (JJ); <mer>^ (HH)} {syn: tevir} Cf.
Sumerian mar; Akkadian marru; Ancient Egyptian
(mr); Old Syriac marra; NA marra; Ar marr ^ =
'iron shovel, spade’ {See: Georg Krotkoff, "Studies
in Neo-Aramaic Lexicology,” in: Biblical and
Related Studies Presented to Samuel Iwry (Winona
Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1985). p. 126.} [Z-2/F/K
/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] <ber; carut; metirke>
meram pi(IFb/JJ/SK) = goal; desire. See merem.
meras ^ m. (). shoe(s). {also: [midas] (JJ)}
[syn: p’elav; qondere; sol} <Ar madas =
'shoe, sandal’ (<Vd-w-s = ’to tread, step’)
[Krs/Plt//JJ]
merat olj<^ f (-a; ). fishermen’s net: *Bi der
nakeve merata torane (L) The net doesn’t go
out. [syn: For 1} [L/K]
mere 1 f./m.(B) (). 1 ) {syn: migilge; §ert [ 2 ]} bet,
wager: -mere girtin (B) to place a bet; 2)
condition, stipulation, terms (of agreement); 3)
{syn: §ert) condition, state, circumstances: «di
mercen dijwarda (IF) under difficult
circumstances, {also: [merdj] ^ (JJ)}
[Z-1/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF]
mere II gy*-*, f. (OK) = large hammer. See mire.
mercan (A) = coral; pearl. See mircan.
merd y,*- adj. 1) {syn: earner} generous: *Axa min
gelek merd e (AB) My soil is very generous
[=fertile]; 2) [syn: merxas [2]} brave: »lawe
namerd, kale merd (SK 37) the cowardly youth
and the brave old man; 3) dependable, reliable.
{also: [merd] j (JJ); <merd> (HH)} Cf. P mard
= ’man’; Sor merd j= ’manly, brave'
{merdani; merdayi; merdi; merdti}
[AB/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
merdani ^yly,** (K) = generosity; bravery. See
• •
merdayi.
merdayi ^ly,^ f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) generosity; 2 ) {syn:
merani; merxasi} bravery, valor, {also: merdani (K);
merdi (B/K/IFb/GF/TF); merdti (B)}
(B/K//IFb/GF/TF] <merd>
merdi (B/K/IFb/GF/TF) = generosity; bravery.
See merdayi.
merdti ^ y,**-* (B) = generosity; bravery. See merdayi.
■ ■
merem m./f.(JJ/B) ( /-a; /-e). 1) {syn: armanc
[l]; mebest; meqsed; net [4]} goal, intention, aim,
purpose -merem u mebest (AX) do.; 2) desire,
ambition (K/JJ): •Temam merama min ewe ye
bi delileki waziK Keqqaniyet sabit o
a§kera bibit (SK 60:708) My whole desire is that
the truth be proven and made clear with clear
evidence, {also: meram (IFb/SK); [meram] pi ^ (JJ);
<merem> (HH)} < Ar mar am pl_^> = 'wish,
desire’: Sor meram pij«u/merem pOJ
[AX/F/K/B/HH//IFb/JJ/SK]
merez /. (). angora wool, mohair, long silky
hair of Angora goat [gtir I] (IF/K[s]) [T tiftik]:
-kevileke merez (M-Ak) goat's pelt. Sor merez
= 'mohair' [M-Ak/K(s)/IFb/OK] <gur I; hiri;
kej II; kevil; kulk; Iiva>
merga mu§ l(GF) = arsenic, rat poison. See
mergemu§.
Mergeh f. (-a; ). a Yezidi shrine in the valley
of Lalesh, near Mosul, Iraq (IFb). {also: Mergehe
(IFb)} [Lalish (Mosul), Iraq/IFb] <ocax [5]; ziyaret>
Mergehe (IFb) = Yezidi shrine. See Mergeh.
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M
mergemft§ f.(Zeb)/m.(SK) (-a/; /-i). white
arsenic, arsenic trioxide, ratsbane, rat poison:
•Muroet [=mirovet] §exi gelek keyf-xo§ bfin,
c eqle wan ye hirgan bti, nezanin [sic] Kile
ye, hingtin e digel mergemd§i didene wan
(SK 48:509) The shaikh's men were very pleased,
their intelligence was that of bears, they did not
know that it was a trick, that it was honey they
were being given with ratsbane, {also: merga mu§
(GF); [merghemouch/merghamus (G)/mergamush
(Rh)] (JJ)} Cf. P marg-e-mus ; Sor
mergemu§ A^/mergemi§k
[Dh/Zeb/JJ/SK//GF] <jehr>
me’rgisk XXX (B) = lizard. See margisk.
merhem (IF/GF/L) = salve; comfort. See
melhem.
merif = man; person. See meriv.
merifati [IS] = manliness; humanity;
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
me’rifet oAi(SK) = honor; courtesy; skill;
knowledge. See me’rifet.
meriv m. ( ; m§riv, vi merivi). 1) j syn :
mer; peya; zilam) man: •Merivek rasti wi hat
go ... (Dz) A man chanced upon him [and] said ...;
2 ) [syn: beniadem; insan) person, human being:
• Boxek heye nav naxira minda, tu meriya
naKemline (}) There is a bull in my herd [which]
doesn’t carry any people (=?doesn’t let people ride
him); 3) relative, cousin, relation, kin; 4) one, they
(for general, impersonal statements): «£axe
m§riv j§la li Keg’§ g’iye diniheri, meriv
t’ir§ w8 dere kela ge kirine (Ba2:l, p.203)
When one looked at the mountaintop, one would
think they had built a fortress there *Ew usa lez
dik’etin, m§riv qey digot ew hevfa
k’etibune lece, gika k’ijan ji wana zu xwe
digihine germa de§ta (Ba2:l, p.202) They [=the
brooks] fell so quickly, that one might say (=it
seemed as if) they were racing each other, to see
which one of them will reach the warmth of the
plains first [lit. 'early'] •Tu ti§teki weki beige
neketiye ber dest da meriv karibe firehtir
li ser jiyana wi raweste (CA, p.67) Nothing
like a document has been available so that one
could go into [or, study] his life more fully, [also:
merif; meri (B-2) m. (; meri); merof; merov (K);
mirof; mirov (IFb-2/OK); muro (SK); [merif/
mourouf] (JJ); <mirov> (HH)} Cf. P mard
j’man’; Sor merd j JL* = ‘husband’ & mirowj^
= ’man; mankind'; Za merde m. = ’husband' (Todd)
([merifai ^]/ meriti _>*] (JJ); <mirovati>
(HH); merivati; merivayi; merivi; merivti; meriti;
merovi; merovti; mirovahi; mirovati}
[Dz/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ//HH//K//SK] <mer>
merivati (Z-l) = manliness; humanity;
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
merivayi (B) = manliness; humanity;
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
merivi (K) = manliness; humanity; humaneness;
relation through marriage. See merivti.
merivti f. (-ya;-ye). 1 ) manliness,
%4
masculinity: -pirsa merivatiye danin (Z-
1) /de’wa merifatiye li fk-e kirin (IS) to ask
for a woman’s hand in marriage: »Hatine
diwana mir SSvdin, pirsa merivatiy§
danin, seva Zina delal bixazin QPekanfa
(Z-l) They went to m.S.'s court, put forth talk of
manliness, to request lovely Z. for Ch. (i.e., to
marry Z. to Ch.) «Min nav-denge we
bihistiye, ez hatime, de’wa merifatiy§ li
we dikim (IS-#155) I have heard of your repu¬
tation, I have come to put your manliness in ques¬
tion [i.e., to ask for your sister’s hand in marriage];
2) humanity; 3) humaneness; 4) relation by or
through marriage: •Merivatiya wan pe§da
hevra hebfi, lema ji mir Sevdin soz§ Zine
ji da Q’ekan (Z-l, p.46) Since they were already
related by marriage, mir Sevdin promised Zin to
Chekan. {also: merifati (IS); merivati (Z-l);
merivayi (B); merivi (K); meriti (B); merovi (K);
merovti (K); mirovahi (IFb/OK); mirovati (IFb/OK);
[merifai meriti ^] (JJ); <mirovati>
(HH)} [K/B//IFb//JJ//HH] <meriv>
meri m. ( ; meri) (B) = man; person. See meriv.
me’rifet oAjb^A.*/merifet [K] f. (-a;-§). 1)
(syn: 'erz; giram; hurmet [3]; qedir I; rez II] honor,
respect, esteem (K/B); -me’rifeta fk-§ girtin
(XF) to show s.o. respect; 2) courtesy, politeness,
civility, good manners (K/B/JJ); being cultured
(K/B); 3) skill, talent (K/IFb); art (JJ): •EzS b@jim,
gik hebil, me’rifeta min bti (J) I will say that
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M
whatever happened, it was [by] my talent; 4)
knowledge, wisdom: *Ez te'eccub dikem ji
’ilm me'rifeta te, gawa lietta noke te ew
delil fam nekiriye (SK 43:418) I am surprised
at your learning and wisdom, that you have not
understood that proof until now •Mezinati bi
aqli ye, ne bi sal e; dewletmendi bi
me c rifet£ ye, ne bi mali ye (SK 22:207)
Greatness is in wisdom, not in years; wealth is in
knowledge, not in property ®Ne millete kurd
ew hind medeniyet o me’rifet heye ko
f§ka Eusola metloba xo bizanin... (SK
56:646) Neither is the Kurdish nation civilized or
educated enough to know the way to achieve their
goal.... {also: malifet (L); marifet (IFb); me’rifet (SK);
[marifet/marifeta] oJ(}})) < Ar ma'rifah #=
’knowledge, acquaintance’ (<V‘-r-f = 'to know,
be acquainted with')-> T marifet = special skill,
talent' [L//FK-eb-l/B/XF//K//IFb// JJ/SK] cnamus;
tumet; §eref>
meriti (B/JJ) = manliness; humanity;
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
merkeb (Qzl/JBl-S) = basket for covering food.
See mekev.
mermer m. (). marble (type of stone) . {also:
[mermer] (JJ); <mermer> (HH)}
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
me’rme’si (B) = eel. See manna si.
• •
merof = man; person. See meriv.
merov (K) = man; person. See meriv.
merovi (K) = manliness; humanity; humaneness;
relation through marriage. See merivti.
merovti (K) = manliness; humanity;
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
mer§ m. (). kilim, flat-weave pileless carpet;
inexpensive kilim (Msr). {also: mer§ik, f. (-a; )
(Msr/A-2)) [syn: ber IV; cacim; cil II; gelt; k’ilim;
p’alas; tejik) [K/A/IFb/GF//Msr]
mer§ik f. (-a; ) (Msr/A) = kilim. See mer§.
mertak Jbjou f. ( wooden beam the thickness of
a man's wrist used as a rafter to support roof in
traditional houses (Haz); small sticks or boards
placed across the main beams of the ceiling of
Kurdish houses (B/HH). {also: mart’ak (B);
mirdiyaq (Qzl); <martak> JbjL (HH)} Cf. T mertek
[Haz//B/HH//Qzl] <k’eran; fot>
mert’al Jbj^ f./m.(B/SK) (-a;-§/mert 5 §l [B]).
shield: -[§ir metal] (JR) sword and shield, {also:
met’al (M/K[s]/JR); metal (SK); [mertal JUb^/metal
Jlk.] (JJ); <mirtal> (HH)} Sor me[r]tal
Jb'h]^/mertal Jbj^; Cf. NA matala (Maclean); Arc
metal = 'javelin for thrusting' (M. Jastrow) [EP-
8 /K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//M/K(s)/JR/SK] <§ur>
merx £ ( ;-e). 1) {syn: hevris) juniper tree, bot.
Juniperus (IF/JJ/B); 2 ) spruce tree, bot. Picea (K/B);
fir tree (K/B): -dara merx§ (K/B) do. {also:
[merkh] (JJ)} [Tkm/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <dar I; kac>
Merxok (). a village near Tekman, province
of Erzurum. [Tkm} <merx>
mes I ^^/me’s [Z-2] f. ( ;-§). slipper (B);
slipper made of yellow leather (JJ); prayer slippers
(IF): -§im h me’sane (Z- 2 ) slippers and
[pantoufles]. {also: mehs (GF); mest (B/IFb); mihsik
(IFb-2); [mas ^/mehs ^^,/mehsik JL^.] (JJ);
<mihsik> (HH)) {syn: §im[ik]} Cf. Arc mesana
RDROft /sena KT0= 'shoe' (< Vs-’-n “]R0 = ’to tread;
to put shoes on’) [M.Jastrow] & Syr mesono hSbx
[Costaz/Kobert]/ Lj[C ostaz]; NA masi La:n =
slippers' [Maclean]; also T mest = 'light, thin-soled
boot (worn indoors or inside shoes)'; Sor mest
[Z- 2 //JJ//GF//B/IFb//HH] cp’elav; sol>
mes II (GF) = copper. See mis.
mesarif pi. (SK/JJ) = expenses. See mesref.
mesas (IFb) = oxgoad. See misas.
mesder j O f.(K/B)/m.(F) ( ;-§/). infinitive, verbal
noun. | syn: jeder [2]; rader) <Ar masdar jJmo.
(<Vs-d-r = 'to emanate, originate (from)')
[F/K/IFb/B] cleker; rawe>
mesel f. (•a;«§). 1) {syn: g’irok) story; fable;
parable: •Bibejin mesela xo (M-Ak, #549) Tell
your story; 2 ) (syn; go tin a pegiyan) proverb;
saying; adage: •ttekaeta "Cflyt* §ir§ xo
ditiyewe" li-naw Kurdistan§ me§hfir e.
Eger keseki kirmanc, feqir xurti biket w§
mesel§ der-Eeqq wi dib@jin (SK 26:241) The
story of "the Jew who found his sword” is famous
in Kurdistan. If a humble peasant fellow throws his
weight about they quote this adage about him
• Lakin mesela mezinan e, "ji bigflkan
xeta, ji mezinan ’eta" (SK 3:25) But there is
an axiom of the great, "Faults from the feeble, grace
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M
from the great" »Ma tu nizani li-naw hemi
Kurdistan^ ew mesele me§hhr e, "Hingi
m@§£t hingftni zSde dibin, §ilxan diden ti.
hingune gak diken ko xudane me§an
m§§eki bikirit ft y£ki bixazit ft yeki
bidizit"? (SK 35:315) Kamo said to him, 'Don’t
you know that all over Kurdistan this saying is
famous that '"bees increase and swarm and make a
good honey when their owner buys a bee, begs
one and steals one"? • Me'lftm li we-dere ji
hem! ciyan g£tir de qazanci kem, gonko
mesel£ mezinan e, "Ke mamilet kir?
mufitaci" (SK 16:155) Obviously I shall make a
better profit there than anywhere, for there is a
proverb "Who did business? The needy man.”
[also: mesele II (K/B)| <Ar matal
[M-Ak/SK]
mesela (IFb) = for example. See meselen.
mesel*e I «J /mes’ele [SK] f. (*a;»e).
problem, issue, matter, question: •Welle, ez bi
mesela Guri ne Kesiyame (Z-4) By God, I have
not heard of this matter having to do with Guri
(=Baldhead); -mesele qedandin (B) to solve a
problem. <Ar mas’alah
[Z-4/K/IFb/B//SK]
mesele II (K/B) = story; proverb. See mesel.
mesele III J (K/B) = for example. See meselen,
meselen for instance, for example: *Muro
bi 'emele xo ten e ceza dan; eger gaki bit
bi gak! we eger xirabi bit bi xirabi.
meselen eger muroeki gak li-naw qebret
cftan difn biken hig zerer niye, we eger cu
li-naw qebr@ imam Kuseyn difn biken hig
fayde niye (SK 60:724) People are rewarded
according to their deeds; if [their deeds] are good,
[they are rewarded] with goodness, and if bad, with
bad. For example, if they bury a good man among
the graves of the Jews there is no harm [in this], and
if they bury a Jew in the tomb of Imam Hussain
there is no advantage [in it]. [also: mesela (IFb);
mesele III (K/B); [mesela]^ (JJ)] [syn: bo nimune;
wek minak) <Ar matalan 'ii-* —> T mesela
[ SK//K/B //IFb/JJ]
mesheb = holy book. See misKef.
mesi ^‘U./me’si (B) = fish. See masi.
M ••
me’sigir (B) = fisherman. See masigir.
mesil £ (-a;-e). valley, wadi, dry riverbed:
•Ez£ herim li wS mesila hanS xwe dir§j
kim (AW70B2) I will go lie down in that valley
over there. { also : [masil] (JJ)} < Ar masll
= ’riverbed, rivulet' [K(s)/IFb/JJ/GF] <dehl>
mesin (IFb) = brass water pitcher. See misin.
mesref oo^^/mesref [SK/HH] £ (-a;-§).
expense, expenditure, outlay, costs: •Mihleta gil
rojan bide min, eze bigim ji te re binim.
Mesrefa min u mala min ji kise hemamgi
(Rnh 2:17, p.308) Give me a respite of 40 days,
and Pll go bring [them] for you. The expenses for
me and my family from the pocket of the
bathhouse owner, [also: mesarif pi. (SK-2); [mesref
o^^/mesarif pi. ojLx*] (JJ); <mesref> o(HH)}
[syn: xerac; xerc} <Ar masrif <J(pi. masarif
= 'bank; teller’s window’ —> P & T masraf =
’expense, outlay' [Rnh/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/ JBl-
A&S/OK//HH/SK]
mest (B/IFb) = slipper. See mes I.
mestir (Msr/K/A/JJ-G/Z-4) = bigger. See
mezintir.
me§andin vt. (-me§in-). 1 ) to cause to walk
or march (BK/IF); to guide, lead (K/IFb); 2) |syn;bi
reve birin] to conduct, carry out, direct, manage,
perform, run (vt.) : »Li diji teko§er§n
serxwebftna Kurdistane §ereki gemari
dime§ine (Wit 1:36, p.l) It is carrying out a dirty
war against those fighting for the independence of
Kurdistan. < Ar masa c yLo = ’to walk'
[K/IFb/GF/BK] <me§in>
me§iyan (JB3/JJ) = to go, walk. See me§in.
me§in vi. (-me§-). 1 ) [syn: bi reve gun) to go,
walk; to travel; 2) to strut, walk proudly (JJ/B).
[also: me§iyan (JB3); [mechiian] (JJ); <me§an
(dime§e) < Ar masa Ls ^> = 'to walk'
[L/K/IFb/B //JB3/JJ//HH]
me§k £ (-a;-e). 1 ) [syn: ’eyar I; 'eyar§irk|
(butter) churner made of animal skin, as opposed
to sirsum = wooden butter churner (Wn); animal
skin in which dew [yoghurt and water] is made,
churner (IFb); animal skin (used as receptacle) (A);
wineskin, goatskin: »[Nergisa koger] ... lolep
di dest de dew kiyaye b£yi ku me§ka w§
gilkan bire§ine (Lab, 8) [Nergis the nomad girl]
... with a wooden handle bar in her hand, churned
the buttermilk without her skin sack spilling a drop
376
M
• Pi§tx ku diya min dewe xwe dikila,
me§ka xwe ya re§ ji dar§ dadixist (Alkan,
71) After my mother churned her buttermilk, she
removed her black skin sack from the wooden
frame; -me§ka ave (K) waterbottle [made of
animal skin]; -me§ka dew (K) butter churner
[made of animal skin]; 2) bagpipe (Nizamettin
#
Arig). [also: me§ke (K[s]); [mechk] (JJ); <me§k>
(HH)! Cf. Arc mesak dtf7D/maska =
'hide, skin' (M. Jastrow) ~>Mid P mask = 'mussuck,
skin bag (for liquids)' (M3); P mask JjL* -
'waterskin'; Sor me§ke Za me§k /. = 'churn
(goat skin)' (Todd)
[Wn/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <hiz;
kelek; k’il III[ 1 ]; k’unk; lewleb; p’ost; sirsum;
xinusi>
me§ke <*£:*_* (K[s]) = butter churner; leather wineskin.
See me§k.
me§lul (IFb/FJ) = confection of strung nuts
dipped in boiled grape juice. See me§lur.
me§rftr m. (-S; ). confection of nuts strung
and dipped in boiled grape juice [W Arm rojik
n.nx\*i\ , T cevizli sucukl. [also: meglul (IFb-2/FJ)}
( syn : beni II[2]) [Frq/IRb//FJ] <gelwaz; §aran;
xaruz>
met/met’ [B] /. (-a;-e). paternal aunt, father’s
sister, [also: metik (TF/GF-2); [met] (JJ); <met
tv
o^»/metik (HH)| [cf. Ar ‘ammah ^ =
'paternal aunt'-> P ‘amme T hala] [Sor pur ^
= (maternal or paternal) aunt]; Za 'em f (Todd);
Hau metie f. = ’mother's or father's sister, aunt' (M4)
[Ad/F/K/A/IFb/ff/HH/GF//B//TF] <ap; jinap; mam;
qizmet 1 ; xal; xalti>
met’al (M/K[s]/JR)/metal JL(SK) = shield. See
mert’al.
met’elmayi aclj. 1) [syn: 'ecebmayi; Key[i]ri}
••
astounded, amazed, dumbfounded, surprised;
perplexed, puzzled: -met’elmay! man = to be
amazed, dumbfounded: •Wexta kewotka Zma
nazik ditin, met’elmayi man (Z-l) When the
doves saw slender Zin, they were dumbfounded; 2)
discouraged, disheartened, [also: ) < Ar rmTattal
(JkjCo = ' idle, inactive, inoperative, shut-down' +
mayi, past part, of ma[yi]n = 'to remain, become';
cf. Az T maattal galmag = 'to be amazed’
[Z-l/K/B/GF]
metfini f. (-ya; ). 1) tomato sauce (OK); any
••
red sauce in which food is cooked (Zx); 2)
vegetable stew cooked in earthenware pot (CB-
region of Cizira Bohtan). [also: medium (GF)}
[Zx/OK/CB//GF] <avik [ 2 ]>
meth (IFb) = praise. See meth.
meth ^ f. ( SK/OK/IFb)/m.(K)/pl.(Bw) (-a/-e; ).
praise: -medK kirin (SK)/meth ~ (IFb)/metih ~
(OK/JJ) to praise: -metha meke! (Bw) Don’t brag!;
-metha yeki dan (IFb)/medihe fk-e dan (K) to
praise s.o., speak of s.o. in glowing terms; -xwe
meth kirin (IFb)/metKet xo kirin (Bw) to brag,
boast, [also: medK (SK/OK-2); medih (K); mediK
(OK-2); meth (IFh); metih (OK); [meth/metih]
(JJ)) [syn: paye I; pesin) <Ar madh - 'praise 1 ;
Sor meth = praise' [Bw/JJ//SK//K//IFb//OK]
metih (OK) = praise. See meth.
metik Jb*_« (TF/GF/HH) = paternal aunt. See met.
metirk*e f.(Bw)/m.(OK) (*a/; ). 1 ) crosspiece
on shaft of a spade or shovel on which the foot
presses [Sor espere ]; 2 ) spade (RF/IFb)
[Hakkari dialect according to IFb). [also: <metirke>
(Hej)j [Bw/IFb/OK/Hej/RF/AA] <ber; mer II;
tevir [3]>
metreq I jli Ill. (). club, stick: «De kewe gi? Ez
Abb Bekr im. De noke te nerm kem li ber
metreqan (SK 11:111) Where are you going? I
am Abu Bakr. Now I'll soften you up with my club
•Heta nedit metreq, negot seddeq (Dh) Until
he saw the stick [being waved at him], he would
not say "saddiq" [=believe it] •Xulamet EEmed
Axaye esli dest dane metreqan, rabftne
mutirban, ter kutan, kirine der (SK 27:251)
The real Ahmad Agha's henchmen laid hold of
their sticks and went for the Gypsy musicians, gave
them a thorough beating, and drove them out.
[syn: cinil'i; go; gogan; gomax; gopal; kevezan;
§iv[dar]) Cf. Ar mitraq = 'hammer' [Dh/SK]
meuj (F) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewc ^ 3 ^ /. (). wave (of the sea) . I also: mewcan (K);
moc (Z-3); [mu"g] ^ (JJ); <mewc> gy* (HH)} {syn:
elk’an; p’el} < Ar mawj gy*
[Z-3//IFb/HH//K//JJ]
mewcan (K) = wave. See mewc.
mewctld 4 ^ 3 *-* adj. found, located, situated, present;
in existence: -mewcud kirin (L) to provide, have
present, have waiting: •Sibehi §ibaq§, gottye,
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M
tue li hew§a min mewjfid biki. Tue
mewjfid ne ki, ez£ sere te jSbikim (L-l,
#1:4, 1. 15-17) Tomorrow at the crack of dawn, he
said, you will have [them] waiting in my courtyard.
If you don’t have them waiting, I’ll have your head
cut off. [also: mewjud (L); [meoudjoud] (JJ)}
{ syn : peyda) < Ar mawjud = 'found, located’
(passive part, of Vw-j-d = ’to find') [L//K/IFb/JJ]
mewij (Srk/IFb/GF/TF) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewij m./f.(B/Tkm) ( /-a; /-e). 1) [syn:
k’i§mi§) raisin(s); high-quality raisins (Klk); raisins
with seeds, as opposed to [seedless raisins]
(Ag); 2 ) (syn: tiri} grapes (JJ/Tkm): -mewija fe§
(Tkm) black grapes, [also: mehuj (K- 2 ); meuj (F);
mewij (Srk/IFb- 2 /GF/TF); mewuj (K); mewuc (Kp);
mewuj (B/Ur); mewij (Mzg/Bw); mewuj (Mzg);
mewij (Zx); mewuc (Ag); mewuj (Bw-2); mihij
(Czr); miroj (Hk); m’uj (Klk); [meouj j^/ mevij
meviz y^/mevij-i hechk (JJ);
<mewej> (HH)| <*madwlca- (M 2 , p.80); P
mavizyjj-o = ’currants, raisins'; Sor mewuj =
'raisins'; =Za i§kij (Todd) fA/IFb/jj/SK/OK/
gnr/Haz/Msr/Wn/Tkm//K//B/Ur//HH//F//Hk//Klk//
Czr//Kp//Ag//Mzg/Bw//Srk/GF/TF//Zx] <bistaq; k’i§mi§;
mew; mi§tax; fez; teyk; tilik; tiri>
mewjud (L) = found. See mewcrid.
mewuj (K) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewuc ^ 33 ^ (Kp) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewuj ^ 33 ^ (B/Ur) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mex Q. 1) (syn: meji) brain; 2) liquid in the brain.
Cl Ar muxx ^ = 'brain' [Haz]
mexber (JJ) = grave. See mexber.
mexel J^s.^ f./m.(B/K) (). open animal pen or sty;
place for animals to lie down and rest; animal
shelter in the wilderness (HH): *£axa beriy§, ez
pez§ xwe ber bi mexel tinim (AB) At milking
time, I bring my sheep toward the pen; -mexel
[mexel (Qm$/K/HH/GF)] btin (K/A/IFb/GF)/
hatin (K/A/B/HH) to sit or lie down (of cattle or
beasts of burden): *Carina hinek heywan
mexel dihatin, £n mayi ji Ii dora wan
digSriyan (Alkan, 71) Sometimes some animals
would sit down, and the rest would graze around
them; -mexel [mexel (Qm§/K/HH/GF)] kirin
(K/A/IFb/B/TF) to cause to sit or lie down (of
cattle, etc .). {also: mexil; mexel (K); [meghel] Jit*
(JJ); <mexel> Jit* (HH)) {syn: axil; axur; guhef;
k’ox [1]; k’oz) Cf. W Arm magal tfuiljuAii; also cf.
Ar maqil Jjl* = 'halting place' < Vq-yl = 'to nap’
[AB/A/IFb/B/TF//K/JJ/ HH/GF] <dolge; gom I; lef>
mexil J=l<u> = animal pen. See mexel.
mexin m . (). Assyrian, Nestorian, and
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic speaking Christian ethnic
groups who, together with the Armenians, made up
the Christian population of Kurdistan: •[Haceta
serginan digine gunde mexinan] (Noel)
For need of some fuel [as an excuse], they go to
visit a Nestorian village (i.e., to meet a girl)
[prv.] 9 [Neztiki kela Xo§ab§ dti gund@d
Mexinan hen nave yeki Qesir u nave yeki
Pagan] (JR) Near the fortress of Ho§ap there are
two Nestorian villages, one named Qesir, and one
named Pagan: -jina mexin (K) Assyrian/Nestorian
woman; -zimane mexina[n] (K) language of the
Assyrians/ Nestorians (=Neo-Aramaic or Modern
Syriac), {also: [mekhin] (JJ)) Cf. Geo somexi
IjcoS^feo = 'Armenian' [JR/JJ/K/GF] <file; kirung
(Mzg); kilo>
mexini adj . Assyrian, Nestorian (adj. & lang.).
••
[K] <mexin>
mexmer m. (). velvet, {also: mexmur
(IFb/GF/OK); [mekhmer] (JJ)) {syn: qedife)
< Ar muxmal J_o^ [K/B/JJ/TF//IFb/GF/OK]
mexmur (IFb/GF/OK) = velvet. See mexmer.
mexrib v (Rnh) = sunset. See moxrib.
mexsed (Z-3) = aim. See meqsed.
mexber mJf.(B) (-&/ ; /-§). grave, tomb;
burial vault, {also: meqber (IFb); meqbere (IF);
mexber; [makhbar^w/ meqber (JJ);
<meqbere> (HH)) {syn: gor I; mezel [3]; t’irb)
< Ar maqbar^Ju, [Z-l/K//JJ/B//HH//IFb]
<goristan>
mexel Jap<^ (K/JJ/HH) = animal pen. See mexel.
mexreb v o(B) = sunset; evening; west. See
moxrib.
mexrib (K) = sunset; evening; west. See
moxrib.
meyandin jjjLou vt. (-meyin-). l) to ferment vt.
(yoghurt); 2 ) to let stg. freeze, thicken (OK); to
freeze vt. (fig., e.g ., in politics) (IFb). {also:
mehandin (WM)} Cf. P maye = 'ferment, leaven,
yeast’ [WM//K/IFb/OK] <mehin II>
meydan jIajcju f. (-a;-e). 1) (town)square, plaza:
•Pa§§ t@ne meydanfi (J) Then they come to the
378
M
square; 2) battlefield. 1 also: [midan] (JJ);
<midan> (HH)} Cf. Ar/P maydan q T
meydan [K/JB3/IFb/B//JJ/HH/SK/GF] <qad>
meyik (Bw) = button. See mevok.
meyil Jja- (IFb) = inclination. See mel.
meyildar J jlLol. (IFb) = supporter; one in favor of. See
m§ldar.
meyildari ^ jJj^ (JB3) = being in favor of stg. See
meldari.
meyir ^ (Qzl) = type of soup. See mehir.
meyizandin jjjlyj** (JB3) = to look at, watch. See
meze.
meyin (IFb/GF) = to coagulate; to freeze. See
mehin II.
meykut (K[s]) = mallet; pestle. See mek’ut.
meyl Jj*ju (K/A/HH/GF) = inclination. See mel.
meyldar (K/HH/GF) = supporter; one in favor
of. See mSldar.
meyldari (K/GF) = being in favor of stg. See
m§ldari.
meymftn f. ( ;-e). monkey, ape. {also:
[maimoun/meimun (PS)] (JJ); <meymun>
(HH)) < Ar maymun - 'monkey' -->
T maymun; Sor meyrnun
[PS/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
meyt’ co> m. (-§; ). corpse, dead body: # Kerro
meyt’S K’ulik bir dani mal (FK-kk-13:131)
Kerro took Kulik's body and brought it home
•Sileman ditin [sic], miri ... Meyte
SilSmani danane [sic] ser darbeste, inane
[sic] gundi (SK 10:100) Then they saw Sulaiman,
dead ... They placed Sulaiman’s corpse on a
stretcher and hrought it to the village, [also: [meit ]
(JJ)) {svn: berat’e [2]; cendek; cinyaz; le§;
* 4 )
term) < Ar mayyit = 'dead' (<vm-w-t = 'to
die’) [FK-l/K/B/JJ/SK/GF] <mirin>
meyvan (IFb) = guest. See mevan.
meywe <>*>*- (K/IFb/TF) = fruit. See mewe.
meyz yj^ (A) = look, glance. See m§ze.
mezad f. (-a;-e). auction, public sale, {also:
[mezad] jly_* (JJ)) [ syn: herac) < Ar mazad j 1>. =
’auction, public sale’ <Vz-y-d = 'to increase’; Sor
mezat o)j*-. [Dh/§xn/K/IFb/JJ/JBl-A/GF]
mezar, m. (GF/OK) = grave. See mezel[3].
mezaxtin vt. (-mezex-)- to spend (money):
•Min hinde dirave li xaniye xo mezaxtin
(Zeb) I spent so much money on the house, {also:
<mezaxtin> j*u (Hej)} {syn: serf kirin) ?<Arc
mekhes ODfa (mikhsa) XOGfr = 'toll, tax' & Syr
makhso = 'tribute, impost, toll, tax'
[Bw/Zeb/Hej/RZ]
mezel J O j f. (-a;-e). l) [<Ar manzil Jy-c* (<Vn-z-l
Jyj = ’to descend, alight’) = ’house, lodgings'] {syn:
ode; ot’ax) {also: mezelk (JBl-A/OK- 2 )} room,
chamber: •Em li mezela bint rtlni§ttn (SK
54:604) We were sitting in the room below; 2)
dwelling (HH); 3) [<Ar mazar _,)>■ (<Vz-w-r ^ - ’to
visit, frequent') = ’shrine’] {also: mezar, m.
(GF/OK)) |syn:gof I; mexber; t’irb! grave, tomb.
{also: mezelk (JBl-A); [mezar j)y_*/mezel Jy^ ] (JJ);
<mezel> J> (HH)) [M/K/A/JB3/lFb/JJ/HH/
SK/TF/OK//JB 1 -A//GF]
mezelk JJoj^ (JBl-A/OK) = room. See mezel[l].
mezin L} jcu,/mezin (JBl-A/HH) adj. 1) [syn.-gir
I) large, big: -mezin bdn = to grow (up): # Mast
di ave da mezin dibin (AB) Fish grow (up) in
the water; -t[’]iliya mezin (F/K/B)/[tellye mazyn]
(JJ-PS) thumb; 2 ) old, aged; elder, older: *Xti§ka
g’uk gote xu§ka mezin (Z-l) The youngest
sister said to the eldest sister; 3) [m. (-§; )]
adult (Bw); an elder, senior member: «Bav
mezine male ye (AB) The father is the senior
member of the household *D£ tl bav mezinSn
me ne (AB) [Our] parents are our elders *Li p§§
mezineki xwe nabe ku em titune bike§in
(Epl, p.23) In front of an elder it is not all right for
us to smoke tobacco; 4) {syn: revebir; serek etc.}
leader, head, chief, person in charge: •Dasini
mezhebek e, £zedi ji dibejine ... Mezin§
wan li gunde Be c edri dirhnSt. Mezineki
wan zemaneki hebu, nawe wi ‘Eli Beg bd
(SK 39:344) The Dasinis are a sect, also called
Yezidis ... Their leader resides in the village of
Be'adri. Once they had a leader whose name was
Ali Beg •[Words of a policeman to thieves he has
caught] Em herin cem mezin (Z-922) Let’s go to
the chief. {also:mazin (M-Ak/TF); [mezin] 0J);
<mezin> (HH)) [Pok. meg(h)- 708.] = 'great':
Skt maha- & mahant- = ’great’; Av maz- & mazant-
= ’big'; Mid P meh = 'great(er), old(er)' (M3); cf. also
Lat magnus; Gr megas (xcycxg; Alb i madh
[mezinahi; mezinati; mezinayi; mezinti; meznayi;
[mezinai] (JJ)) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/ JJ/JBl-
S/SK/GF/OK//HH/JBl-A//M-Ak/TF] <girs>
379
M
mezinai (F/JJ) = size; greatness; leadership. See
•*
mezinahi.
mezinahi ja* f. (-ya;-ye). 1) size: *Qateki din
di ve mezinahiye de, 1§ rengeki din
tuneye gelo? (KS, p.34) Don’t you have another
suit in this size, but in a different color?; 2) great-
ness: • Mezinati bi aqli ye, ne bi sal e; dew-
letmendi bi me c rifete ye, ne bi mali ye (SK
22:207) Greatness is in wisdom, not in years;
wealth is in knowledge, not in property; 3)
leadership, position of authority (FK-eb-1). {also:
mezinai (F); mezinati (K-2/SK); mezinayi (K/B/GF-
2); mezini .(GF-2); mezinti (IFb-2); meznayi (A/FK-
eb-1); [mezinai] (JJ)) [JB3/IFb/GF//K/B//
F/JJ//SK//A] <mezin>
mezinati (K/SK) = size; greatness; leadership.
See mezinahi.
mezinayi (K/B/JJ/GF) = size; greatness;
leadership. See mezinahi.
mezini (GF) = size; greatness; leadership. See
mezinahi.
mezintir comp. adj. bigger, larger; older, elder;
greater: »Ge§te bira£ maztire, mile xo li
mil§ wi da (M-Ak) He reached the eldest brother
and nudged him with his shoulder •Hebu, qe ji
xude mestir t’inebfi (Z-4) There was, there
wasn’t anyone greater than God [introductory
formula for folktales and the like]. ( also: maztir (M-
Ak); mestir (Msr/K-2/A/Z-4); [mezintir] (JJ);
[master] (JJ-G))
[Msr/A/JJ-G/Z-4//F/K/IF/JJ//M-Ak] <mezin>
mezinti (IFb) = size; greatness; leadership. See
■ 0
mezinahi.
mezi = oak tree. See mazi.
me’zme’zik (SC) = backbone, spine. See
mezmezk.
mezmezk Jjd^ja^/me’zme’zk
m.(F/K)/f.(B) [ ; /-e). backbone, spinal column,
spine. [ also: bazmazk, f. (B); me’zme’zik (SC)) =
Sor pirusk Cf. Av marazu- n. = 'vertebra of
the neck or back’; Hau mazi m. - ’back’ (M4)
[F//K//B//SC] <derzen; kileji>
meznayi (A/FK-eb-1) = size; greatness;
«♦
leadership. See mezinahi.
mezra )(B) = hamlet, farmstead. See mezre [2].
mezr*e f. (»a;*e). 1) field (K[s]/B): -Mezra
Bohtan (IFb)/Mezra Bota (Haz) Mesopotamia;
2) {also: mezra (B-2)) hamlet, tiny settlement
consisting of a few households connected to a
larger village; farmstead (B/JJ). 1 also: [mezra]
(JJ); <mezre> o.j>> (HH)) < Ar mazra‘ah =
'farm' (<Vz-r-‘ - 'to sow, plant')
[Haz/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
mezromi (Haz) = type of grape. See mezrona.
«•
mezrona bjjjj <u> (). type of grape which ripens in the
autumn, {also: mezromi (Haz); mezrun (K[s])l
[Btm(Hatliatke)//Haz//K(s)] <tiri>
mezrun (K[s]) = type of grape. See mezrona.
f. (meya/miya; ). female: -berxa mg (B)
female lamb; -Kirga me = female bear; -k’era me
= she-ass I syn: mak’er); -kewa m§ = female
partridge {syn: mekew); -k 5 evro§ka me = female
rahbit. j also: [mi/mei] ^ (JJ); <me> ^ (HH)) i^ner)
P made Sor me £«; Za make/mayke f (Mai)
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/(B)/HH/ GF/TF//JJ] <del I; mak>
megame§ f. (). female buffalo, (syn; mange
[2]; medek) [OK] <game§>
mehvan (JBl-A&S/HH/TF/Bw) = guest. See
(TF) = hospitable, gracious. See
me £
mevan.
mehvandar jIjjI* y
mevandar.
mehvanxo§ adj. hospitable, gracious, {syn:
mevandar; mevantiiz (B/F); mevanperwer (OK))
[Bw] <mevan>
mej I (). the past, old times— used mostly in the
following : -ji mej ve (BX/IFb)/ji mejva (K) for a
longtime (up to and including the present moment),
for years, for some time now {syn: zuda): *Ez ji
mej ve li ser ve pirtftke dixebitim (IF) I have
been working on this book for years. I also: [ji-mij
ju-C'/ ji-mijin (JJ)) Sor mej ji* = 'past time’ &
meju J3L >l« = ' history 1 [Zx/BX/K(s)/JB3/IFb/GF//JJ]
mej II jiL* = namaz, salah, Islamic prayer ritual. See
nimej.
mejandin vt. (-mejin-). to nurse (vt.) ,
suckle, {also: mijandin (IFb-2/GF/OK-2); [mijandin]
(JJ); <mijandin (dimijine)
Sor mijandin Iju
[K/A/IFb/B/OK//JJ//HH/GF] <dayin III; memik;
metin/mijin; sawa; §irmej>
meji (Ber/IFb/SK/TF) = brain. See meji.
• •
meji§u§tin (Ber) = brainwashing. See
meji§u§tin.
meker jo£L o (GF) = female donkey. See mak’er.
380
M
mekew f 0- female partridge. {, syn: mari} [BX]
<kew>
mSk’ut in. Q. 1] large wooden mallet used for
driving stakes into the ground (K/B/JJ); 2) [syn:
desteconi} pestle: •[C di eksered malan da
cuhni ft m§kut heye bi xwe dermani
diqutinft ge dikin] (BN 135) And in most house¬
holds there is a mortar and pestle [which they use
to] pound and make medicines, [also: meykut
(K[s]); mikut (GF-2); [miqout moqout
(JJ)) Cf. Ar miqa‘ah - 'grindstone, whetstone',
but k’utan - 'to beat' is Kurdish ; Sor mekut
= 'mallet' [BN/K/IFb/B/GF//JJ] <gakug; geran I
mekutok JysyfL* (GF) = chicken pox. See mirkut.
mel /. (-a;-e). inclination, tendency, propensity:
-mel ft-iTa hatin (B) to have a propensity for
stg., to desire stg., to feel like doing stg.: -mela fk-
S ser ft-I heye (XF) to be a supporter of s.o., to
be on s.o.’s side, to be in favor of s.o.: «Mela
k’urda ser ftrisa bft (XF) The Kurds were on the
Russians’ side *M§la axaler u begleran ji ser
xandine t’une bu (XF) The aghas and beys were
not in favor of learning [^education] *Mela hiku-
meta we ji ke re getir heye, ji elemanan re
and ji sondxwariyan re? (Ronahi) Who is your
government in favor of. the Germans or the Allies?:
-mela fk-i/ft-t kirin or k’i§andin (B/XF) to
long, yearn, orpine for, to miss. [also: meyil (IFb-
2); meyl (K/A/GF); [meil] (JJ); <meyl> (HH)i
<Ar mayl = 'tendency; turning off, deviating
(from a path)' (<Vm-y-l = 'to incline, bend'); Sor
meyl = 'inclination'
[Rnh/IFb/B/XF//K/A/HH/GF//JJ] <liewas; meldar>
melak JYl- f (). 1) [syn: cegera spi: kezeba spi; pi§a
spi; sih 1} lung; -m§laka sor (Bw) do.; 2) [syn:
ceger[a re§]/cerg; pi§a re§) liver (HH/GF). [also:
[melak] (JJ); <melak> (HH)| <Ar mi‘laq
= 'pluck (of an animal)’ IBw/A/ii'h/i U 1/Ci*v/)]1
mftldar m. (). 1) [syn: aligir) supporter, backer,
fan, adherent, enthusiast; 2) [adj.[ in favor of, ’pro 1 ,
'for': *Em meldar@n elemanan in (Rnh) We are
for the Germans; 3) having a tendency (to), inclined
(to), disposed (to). ( also: meyildar (IFb); meyldar
(K/GF); <meyldar> j1aL_o (HH)1 Cf. Sor meyldar
= 'inclined, disposed (to)' jmeldari)
[Rnh//IFb//K/HH/GF] <mel>
meldari f. (-ya; ). support, backing (e.g., for
*•
a candidate) , being in favor of stg.: -m&ldariya
ft-e kirin (Rnh) to be in favor of stg., be on the
side of stg. or s.o.: *Em m§ldariya
sondxwariyan dikin (Rnh) We are in favor of
the Allies. | also: meyildari (JB3); meyldari (K/GF);
[meildari] (JJ)) [syn: aligiri; pi§tgiri) Cf. Sor
meyldari = 'disposition, wish'
[Rnh//JB3//K/GFss//JJ] <meldar>
mer ^ m. (-e; ). 1) [syn: meriv; peya; zilamj man,
person; [pi.] people: •Malxe male wan li mal nebu.
Jin u biguk hebftn, gu mer li we-dere Kazir nebun
(SK 30:2 70) The owner of their property was not
at home. There were the women and children, but
no men present there; 2) (syn: §u} husband: -mSr
kirin (IFb/GF) to get married (said of a woman)
[Cf. jin anin/standin (said of a man)]: *Ez tu card
mera li dinyae na kim (L) I shall never marry.
[also: [mir] (JJ); <mer> ^ (HH)) [Pok. 4. mer-
/mera-, 5. mer-/mera- 735.] = 'to rub away, harm;
to die’ ->[Pok. mor-to- 735.] ’mortal; man, person':
Skt martya- [-io- extension o/*mor-to-] = 'man,
person'; Av masya- [-io- extension of* mor-to-] &
marata- = 'mortal, man'; OP martiya- [-iio-
extension of *mor-to-] = 'man' (Kent); Mid P mard
= man & merag = 'young man, husband' (M3); P
mard = 'man'; Sor merd j yL* - 'husband'; Za
merde m. = 'husband' (Todd); Hau merd m. =
'husband' (M4) (merani; merayi; merdayeti; mereti;
merti) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ] <meriv>
merani LJ >)JL+ f. ( ;-ye). 1) manhood; masculinity; 2)
manliness, bravery: •Keg’ika ft jina ji
k’ilamed meraniye ser wana derdixistin
(Ba2:l,p.204) Girls and women composed songs of
bravery about them •Zilamek got: "Ez ji
kftg’ke xwe hint meraniye bftm" (Z-1554) A
man said: "I learned what is it to be a man from my
dog." [also: merayi (K/B); merdayeti (K[s]); mereti
(A); merini (SK); merti (K); [mirani] ^ (JJ))
[K/JB3/B/lFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//A//SK] <mer>
merayi JK* (K/B) = manhood; bravery. See m§rani.
merdayeti (K[s]) = manhood; bravery. See
merani.
mereti (A) = manhood; bravery. See mftrani.
m§rg f (-a;-§). meadow; prairie: •Hesp di
merge da digere (AB) The horse grazes in the
meadow *Min g’ya, zozana, mSrga big 5 8rine
381
M
(J) Pasture me in the mountains, summer pastures
[and] meadows; -merg ft gimen (Rnh 2:17,
p.307) do. ( also: mergelan, f. (JB3); [mirk] (JJ);
<merg> (HH)) (syn: gayir [l]; gimen)
<*margya-: Av maraya-; Cf. Ar marj =
'meadow'; Sor merg = 'meadow'. See: G.
Morgenstierne. “The Name Munjan and Some
Other Names of Places and Peoples in the Hindu
Kush,” BSOAS, 6 (1930), 440, reprinted in: Irano-
Dardica (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1973), p.lll. [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/TF//JJ]
<g’ere>
mergelan (JB3) = meadow. See merg.
merik = dim. of m§r.
meri (Bw) = ant. See mfiri I.
merini (SK) = manhood; bravery. See merani.
m§rkuj jjf^ m. (). assassin, murderer, homicide.
{also: [merif-kouj] (JJ)) [syn: xwini) < mer =
'man' + kuj- = 'kill'; = Sor pyawkuj (merkuji)
[K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK/BK//JJ]
mSrkuji f. (). murder. [JB3/IFb/B/TF/OK]
••
<merkuj>
merti ^^ (K) = manhood; bravery. See merani.
meru (SK/OK) = ant. See mfiri I.
merxas ^G.yG m. (). 1) {syn: 'efat; 'egit; feris [1];
gernas; leheng; p’elewan} hero, brave person; 2)
(syn: merd [2]) ]adj.] brave, courageous, {also:
[merxas] (JJ)) (merxasi; merxasti)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ] <camer>
m§rxasi /. (-ya; ). bravery, courage;
heroism: *Seva qedre wan u merxasiya wan
(Z-l) Because of their honor and courage, {also:
merxasti (K)) (syn: merdayi; merani)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF] ccameri; merxas>
merxasti ^yc-^G.(K) = bravery. See merxasi.
m@§ f- (" a ;-e). 1) fly (insect) zool. Diptera :
•Riwi gu, got, "...Kileyeki li qele bikem,
belktl tola xo j§ wekem" ... Riwi gfi bin
dara gfiz§ ... xo li bin gtiz£ direj kir, xo
mirand. £avet xo ber spi kirin, dewe xo
be§ kir, k§lb§t xo gir kirin, me§ hatine
dewS wi (SK 3:23) The fox went away, saying, "I
had better go and play a trick on the crow. Perhaps
I can have my revenge on her." ... The fox went
beneath a walnut tree ... he stretched himself out at
the foot of the walnut tree and made out to be
dead. He turned up the whites of his eyes, hung
his mouth open and bared his teeth. Flies came
into his mouth; -me§ kirine gam§§ (Zeb/Dh) to
make a mountain out of a molehill, exaggerate,
overreact; -me§a gu (Msr) dung fly; 2) bee, zool.
Apis mellifera (IFb) {syn: moz I[3]): -me§a hingiv
(K/B) bee {also: me§ hingiv (Ad); me§a hingivi
(A/JB3/IF); <me§ihingifi> (HH)). {also:
[mych] jL* (JJ); <me§> (HH)) Av maxsi- & Mid
P maxs = 'fly* (M3) (different root, according to
Pok); Mid P also magas (M3); P magas = 'fly 1 ;
Sor me§ hengwin = heng = 'bee';
Za mes f. = 'fly' (Todd); K me§ —> T me§e [Babik
*P6tiirge-Malatya] = 'bee' (DS, v.9, p.3172)
(F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/TF/GK//JJ] <axurk;
k’erme§; kurifok; moz I; pe§i II; zilketk>
me§ # e f./m.(B) ( ;-e/). forest, woods: •Darbir
gd me§e dara bibire (Dz) The woodcutter went
to the forest to cut down trees »Eze usa bikim,
weki ziane bidim me§e (Dz) I will act in such a
way as to bring harm to the forest »Kuro, darbir,
gima ... vi me§ei bedew xirav diki? (Dz)
Lad, woodcutter, why ... are you ruining this
beautiful forest? •Ser Dfimanlfie t’u me§e
t’unebfin, vira dar ji he§in nedibiln (Ba2:l,
p.202) On [Mount] Dumanlu there were no forests,
trees did not even grow here, (aiso: [miche
michestan (JJ)} {syn: daristan; dehl [2]; rel}
Skt vrksa- = ’tree'; Av varasa- = 'forest'; P blse
• • 7 7 •• •
= 'forest'; Sor bu§ j^/bu§elan T me§e
[Ulu§iran *§iran-Gumii§hane] = 'forest' (DS, v. 9, p.
3172) & Az T me§e [J/F/K/B/GF/OK//JJ] <dar I>
me§ki§k cf(OK) = fly swatter. See m§§kuj.
me§kuj ni. (-e; ). fly swatter, {also: me§ki§k
(OK-2); me§kujk (Bw-2)} [Bw/OK] <me§>
me§kujk (Bw) = fly swatter. See m£§kuj.
m§§ok Jyyc in. (). bag, sack. | syn: t’elis; t’er II; xerar
(IF)} Cf. Rus mesok MeniOK [Ba2/K/B]
me§tin (M-Ak) = to suck. See m§tin.
metin vt. (-mej-). to suck: •Memik t 5 une
bu, weki xwera bimeja (EP-7) There was no
breast for him to suck, {also: megtin (M-Ak); mijin
(AB/K); [mitin] (JJ); cmetin (dimeje)
(HH)} O Ir *maik-: Av maekant- = 'oozing
out'; Mid P mec- = 'to suck'; P makldan Sor
mijin = 'to suck, absorb'; Hau migtey (mij-) vt.
(M4) [EP-8/F/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/ GF//K/AB//JJ//M-
Ak] cmemik; mejandin>
382
M
me van jULL. m.&f. (-e & -a; m even/m evin [B], vi
mevani}. guest: *Mevane 'eziz (B) Dear guest;
-gtin mevan (F/K) to go visiting, go on a visit:
•Were em herine mevani (Dz) Come, let's go
visiting, {also: mehvan (IFb-2); meyvan (IFb-2);
mehvan (JBl-A&S/TF/Bw); mivan (Srk); nivan
(Mzg); [mihvan j^/mihman /mivan
(JJ); <mehvan> (HH)) [Pok. 2. mei-, 3. mei-
710.; meigw- 713; 2. meit(h)- 715.] 'to change, go
move; with derivatives referring to the exchange of
goods and services within a society as regulated by
custom or law: O Ir *mai9man-: Mid P mehman =
'inhabitant, guest' (M3); Pashto melman; P mihman
(jl^; Sor me wan Za meyman m.&f. (Todd);
Hau meman m. & memane f. (M4) (meyvandari;
mevani; mevandari; mevanti)
[K/(JB3)/Haz/lFb/B/GF//]J//HH/JBl-A&S/ Tl*7B\v//Srk//MzgI
<mazuban>
mevandar jIjjUL* m.&f. (). 1) | syn: mazuban) host
(hostess [f.]), one who entertains guests; 2) [ adj.}
{syn: mehvanxo§ (Bw); mevanliiz (B/F);
mevanperwer (OK)) hospitable, gracious, {also:
mehvandar (TF)) [K/IFb/GF/OK//TF] <mevan>
mevandari ^ jjUl* (K/IFb) = hospitality; visit; being a
guest. See mevani.
mSvanRiz adj. hospitable, gracious. ( svn:
mehvanxo§ (Bw); mevandar; mevanperwer (OK))
[F/B] <mevan>
mevani f (;-ye). 1) hospitality; 2) being a
• •
guest; visit: -mevani gfiyin (B)/gtin
mevandariye (IFb) to go visiting, pay a visit to,
call on; -mevani hatin (B)/hatin meyvandari
(IF) to come on a visit, pay a visit to: *We roja
ku hatibu mevandariya min, ji min re
gotibti ... ez e xwe bigihinim wi (KS, p.9)
The day she came to visit me, she told me ... I
should go to him. {also: mevandari (K-2/SK/IFb);
mevanti (K-2); mewandari (SK)1 [B/K/IFb//SK]
<mevan>
mevanperwer adj . hospitable, gracious:
•Pi§ti ku bav£ te i mevanperwer bihist ku
ez mamoste gund§ X’§ me, bi rew§a mireki
mezin rumeteke bilind da min, li ser
kulave xwe i nex§in ciyek da min (Lab, 11)
After your gracious father heard that 1 was the
teacher of X village, he treated me like a great emir,
and made a place for me on his embroidered felt
carpet, {syn: mehvanxo§ (Bw); mevandar;
mevanliiz (B/F)) [OK) <mevan>
mevanti (K) = hospitality; visit; being a guest.
See mevani.
mevok f. (-a; ). button, {also: meyik (Bw);
[mivik] (JJ); <mewik> (HH)) {syn; bi§koj;
qumge) according to JJ, dim. of
mewe/[meva/meiv6] q^ = 'fruit'
[A/IFb//JJ//HH//Bw]
mew m. Q. vine, grapevine, vine-stock, {also:
[miv] ^ (JJ); <mew>(HH)) Cf. P mo^/mev^;
Sor mewjl.; Za mew/meweri f. (Todd); Hau mewi
f (M4) [K(s)/A/JB3/IFb/HH/GF/TF//JJ] <gu§i; lem;
mewij; rez; tiri>
mewandari (K/IFb) = hospitality. See
mevani.
mewe q^E* m. (). fruit, {also: meywe (K-2/IFb-2/TF);
[meva/meive] (JJ)) (syn: ber V; emi§ [l]; fiki;
*xuzar) Mid P mewag (M3); P mlve --> T
meyve; Sor miwe q^; Hau mewe m. (M4)
[K/IFb//TF//JJ) <balete>
mewij (Mzg/Bw) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewik (HH) = button. See mevok.
mewij (Zx) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewuj • (Mzg) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewuc (Ag) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mewuj (Bw) = raisin(s). See mewij.
meze f. (). look, glance; -meze kirin (IFb/GF)
to watch, look at, contemplate, observe [also:
meyizandin (JB3)} {syn: bere xwe dan [b]; nerin;
zen dan (MK/K)): ‘Wexte [Meme u Zin§] ser
bajerda mezekirin, ditin, weki ... (EP-7)
When [Mem & Zin) looked out over the city, they
saw that ... •Mezeke, ew k’iye te? (B) Look
[and see] who that is coming, {also: meyz (A);
[mizer] (JJ); cmezekirin (mezedike)
(HH)) {syn: zen (MK-tape)) Cf. Ar
mayyaza II = 'to distinguish’ [Ad/EP-7/K/
JB3/IFb/HH/GF//A//JJ] <niherin>
mezer f. (-a;-e). 1) covering, ground cloth; 2)
blanket (IFb/GF/FJ); 3) {syn: cacim) kilim, type of
rug (Elk/A/GF); 4) (syn: berdilk; berk’o§; bermalk;
bervank) apron (B/Kmc-#5547); 5) large bath towel
(Kmc-#5548). {also: <meyzer> (HH)) Cf. Ar
mi'zar jyL* = 'apron, wrapper, covering, cover’
[Elk/K(s)/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/FJ/Kmc//HH]
mezen (JB3/IFb/OK) = pair of scales. See m§zin.
383
M
mezin f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: §ihin; t’erazi) pair of
scales (for weighing) : *Osib radive ser taki
m§zine, z£ra ji dikine t’aS din§ (Ba) Joseph
gets up onto one pan of the scales, and they put
gold on the other pan; 2) Libra (astr.) (JJ). {also:
mezen (JB3/IFb/OK); [mizin/mizen] (JJ)} < Ar
mlzan (<Vw-z-n = 'to weigh')
[Ba/K/B/GF//JB3/lFb/GF/OK//JJ] <t>a II>
mi p = me; l; my. See min I.
mia§ (B) = salary. See mea§.
mical JU** (Z-2) = power; chance. See mecal.
miclis = assembly. See meclis.
miclis (Z-2) = assembly. See meclis.
mig I adj/ pricked-up (ears, of animals): *Bi du
guhen mig li min guhdari dike (HYma, 11)
With two pricked-up ears he listens to me; -mig
kirin (GF) to prick up (ears, of animals): *Bi
bihistina deng re min bi hez ser§ xwe ji
ser bahlif§ rakir, guhen xwe mig kir [sic] u
li wi dengi guhdari kir (KS, p.58) Upon
hearing the sound, I raised my head sharply off the
pillow, pricked up my ears and listened to that
sound, {also: mug 1 (IFb); cmugkirin
(mugdike) (HH)) (syn: bel)
[HYma/Elk/KS/GF/FJ//IFb/HH]
mig II g* (Elk) = puckered up; shut. See mdg II.
migaimin vt (-migin-). to close (eyes,
sphincter valve): •Dibejin besteki [sic] beran
li-teni§t gunde wan heye. Wexte digin e
sefer£ ji r§we digin e-naw besta beran,
gawet xo dimiginin, pe§ pa§ digin (SK
12:117) They say that there is a stony vale next to
their village. When they go on a journey they go
first of all to the vale of stones, shut their eyes, go
back and forth, [also: [mitchandin] ^ (JJ))
[syn: damirandin) [Bw/IFb/JJ/SK/GF] <g’av;
niqandin I>
migilge Q. 1) {syn: mere I; §ert [2]} bet, wager;
2) ransom: *Sere min male min t’emame
wineke migilge be (Z-3) May my head and my
property, all of it, be a ransom, {also: *migilqe (A);
<migilge> (HH)) Cf. range of meanings of
Arabic root r-h-n Q&y, Cf. P mucalka
/mufialkah oi£Uw/mucalka = 'bond, note of
♦ • ••
♦ •
hand, agreement, promise'; T miigelge
(15th cent.) = ’promissory note, title deed, voucher,
receipt' [=Mod T senet] (TS, v. 4, p. 2822) &
Chagatay Maljilra = 'legal deed, legal document'
[from: W. Radloff. Versuch eines Worterbuches der
Tiirk-Dialecte (St. Petersburg : M. Eggers & Co.,
1893-1911), v. 4, p. 2224]; of Mongolian origin:
see: Doerfer vol. 1, #370. = ’legal
document, by which one obligates oneself to
perform a particular deed by oath and by contract,
with the simultaneous fixing of certain reprisals or
countermeasures in case of breaking of said
contract' [Z-3/lFb/HH/GF//A]
*migilqe (A) = bet, wager. See migilge.
mig’iqandin ^jj vt. (-mig’iqin-J. 1) (syn:
g’ikandin II) to cut off or stanch the flow (of water)
; 2) {syn: g’ikandin II) to dry up (vt.: a river ,
swamp, etc.), dessicate. [K/IFb/B] <g’ikandin II;
mig’iqin; pengandin>
mig’iqin vi. (-mig’iq-). 1) [syn: g’ikin) to stop
flowing (of water, blood, rivers, etc.) ; 2) {syn:
g’ikin} to dry up, run dry (of a water source) :
•Zargotina me pir dewlemend e... Ew
kaniyeke guf e. Pir milet ji we kaniy§ ave
hildidin, le kani namigiqe (Wit 2:59, p.16)
Our folklore is very rich... It is a gushing spring.
Many people draw water from that spring, but it
won’t run dry. [F/K/IFb/B/GF] <g’ikin;
mig’iqandin>
migink m. (Bw) = tweezers. See mflgink.
mifirdi m. (-ye; ). guard, watchman; bailiff,
sheriffs officer (JJ); courtier, one in attendance at a
royal court (L-II): *Eze bi hersS qesem§ nave
xude kim, erke ji ser wi t’exti hiltini,
hiline, erke hilnayini, t§ sere xo bi cindi
u mifirdiyS Bota ji nava herdu pil£ xo
baveji (Z-3) I make three oaths in the name of
God: if you get off of this bed, that is fine; if you
don't, / You will lose your head from between
your shoulders to the nobles and guards of Botan
•"Mamo! Ma Mir ti§tek gote te?" / Mifirdi
dey ne kir, seri hejand, bi lali gote no (L-II,
p.310, 1.3111) "Uncle! Did the emir tell you
anything?" / the courtier said nothing, [but] shook
his head as if to say no. {also: [mufurdi] (JJ);
••
<mifirdi> ^ (Hej)} (syn: pawan; qerewil) < Ar
mufrad j= 'individual, person’ [L2/Z-3/IFb/
GF/TF/OK/Hej//JJ]
384
M
mifriq f (). north: »Ez hatime ji welate
mifriq (FK-eb-1) I have come from a northern
land. {syn: bakur; §emal) [FK-'l/K]
mifs {J Ju> (Bw) = colander. See mifsik[l]
mifsik JL Ju> f (-a; ). round metal utensil with per¬
forations, used as a strainer. 1) {also: mifs (Bw-2))
colander, strainer (Bw/CB); sieve; 2) skimming
ladle (HH/OK/CB). [also: mifs (Bw-2); mefsik
(CB-2); <mefsik> (HH)) <Ar misfah ob^x* =
'strainer, colander’ ( with metathesis of-si- to- fs-) +
-ik = dim. suffix [Bw/OK/CB//HH] <bejing;
parzinin; parzun>
mift ooL, = key: lock. See mifte.
mift»e /. ( ;•§). 1) {syn: k’ilit [2]) key
(K/JB3/IFb): *Du girtiyen tirk her evar
[mjifteyen girtigehe didizin, deri vedikin,
bi §ev digin ji xwe re digerin (AW74B7)
Two Turkish prisoners steal the prison keys every
night, open the door, and go out at night and
wander around; -k’ilit h mifte (Z-l) lock and
key; 2) {syn: k’ilit [1 ]} lock (IFb). [also: mift; mifteh
(IFb): muft (B); [mufteh IxjL*] (JJ);
<mifta> (HH)) < Ar miftah >1 Ju (<Vf-t-h= 'to
open’) = ’key’ [Z-l/K/JB3//IFb//B]
mifteh (IFb) = key; lock. See mifte.
mih a. (JB3/HH/GF/TF) = ewe. See mi I.
mihafez*e f. (• a; ). preservation; protection:
•Ji wilayeta Musile ji do tabor ’esker digel
do topan de hen bo terbiya Suto u
muKafeza Teto (SK 61:738) From Mosul two
battalions with two guns will come to discipline
Suto and to protect Teto; -mihafeze kirin
(K)/muhafeze ~ (SK) to keep, preserve, protect:
•Ez yeqin dizanim disa de te xazin e
Mtisile, emma nebit bigi. De te
xendiqinin. Retta bi§§y xo li ciye xo
muhafeze bike (SK 48:500) I know for certain
that they will summon you to Mosul again, but you
must not go. They will hang you. Protect yourself
in your own home while you can *Tue van
herd'd mde la§§ min bixi qotiyeke u tue
pir mihafeze biki (L) You will put both hairs of
my body in a box, and you’ll take very good care
of them. 1 also: mihafize (K); muhafeze (SK)) < Ar
muhafazah [L//K//SK] <parastin>
mihafize (K) = preservation; protection. See
mihafeze.
mihbet = love. See muhbet.
mihebet (K) = love. See muhbet.
mihel (K) = city quarter. See miEel.
mihes ^*$-0 (IFb) = curry-comb. See meKes.
mihirvan ^ (GF) = kind; amiable. See mihrivan.
mihi (SK) = ewe. See mi I.
mihij (Czr) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mihlet o(JB3/Rnh) = respite. See molet.
mihrihan jb^« (K) = kind; amiable. See mihrivan.
mihrivan adj. kind, benevolent; amiable;
affectionate, {also: mihirvan (GF); mihriban (K);
mihrivan (TF)) [syn: dilovan) Mid P mihrban =
’friendly, kind’ (M3); P mehraban
[BX//K//TF//GF]
mihsik (IFb) = slipper. See mes I.
mihtac >lx$_* (IFb) = needy. See muhtac.
mihal Jb^ (Z-2) = city quarter. See mihel.
mihel /. (-a; ). district, neighborhood, quarter
(of city) : »Bajare Muxurzemine bajareki
mezine, geleki girane, /Ev bajare hand li
ser sesid u §est ti §e§ kug’ane, / Her
kug’eke li ser sesid u §est ti §e§ mihelane,
/ Her mihelake li ser sesid d §dst d §e§
minarane (Z-2, p.65) The city of Mukhurzemin is
a great city, very weighty, / This city contains three
hundred and sixty six stone heaps, / Each
heap contains three hundred and sixty six town
quarters, / Each quarter contains three hundred
and sixty six minarets, {also: mehele (IFb); mihel
(K); milial (Z-2); [mahale] (JJ); <mehele>
(HH)) {syn: Pax) < Ar mahall[ah) = ’section,
*
part, quarter (of city)’ (<Vh-l-l J*. = ’to stop, halt,
stay’) [Z-l//K//IFb/JJ/HH]
mihin q*-** (Z-2) = mare. See mehin I.
mi’in (HB) = mare. See mehin I.
mij y+ m./f(JB3/IFb/B/OK) ( /-a; /-e). fog, mist: -
mij u duman (Ba2) do.: »nava mij u
ddmaneda (Ba2) amid fog and mist; -mij d
kirove (Zeb) do. {also: [myj >./ myji c ^>] (JJ);
<mij> >0 (HH)) {syn: duman; kirove [1]; moran;
xumam, f. (JB3)) [Pok. meigh-/meik- 712.] ’to
glitter, twinkle, dark (twinkling before one’s eyes)’:
I. meigh- B. ’to become dark before one’s eyes, fog,
cloud’: Skt megha- m. = ’cloud’ & mih f. = ’mist’;
Av maeya- = ’cloud’; Mid P mey = ’cloud, mist’
(M3); P meh Sor mij Za mij m. (Todd); cf.
Arm meg = ’fog’; Eng mist; K—>T mij [Erci§-
385
M
Van] = 'fog' (DS, v. 9, p. 3198); See mih in I.
Gershevitch. “Etymological Notes on Persian mih,
naxcir, begane, and blmar,” in: Dr. J.M. Unvala
Memorial Volume (Bombay, 1964), pp.89-91;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica, pp. 190-91.
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
mijan (AA/Hej) = beam of a plow. See mijane.
mijandin (IFb/GF/OK/HH) - to nurse (vt.). See
m@jandin.
mijan«e f. (*a; ). part of the plow connecting
the yoke to the main body of the plow: beam [Tu
saban oku]; pole, shaft (AA). {also: mejan (IFb-2);
mijan (AA-2); <mijane> (HH); <mijan
mijane (Hej)} Sor mijan (jlj.*
[Bw/AA/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/Hej/Zeb//OK] <cot [2];
halet; hincar; k’otan; nir I; sermijank>
mijang (A/IFb/GF) = eyelashes. See bijang.
mijank JjIju (GF/JJ/HH) = eyelashes. See bijang.
mijar jlju f. (-aye). topic, subject; matter: «Di ve
mijar§ de bUn gi dikin? (Wit 1:39, p.16) What
are you doing about [lit. ’in’] this matter? «Mijara
filme Nizametin Arig, li ser rew§a Kurdan
e (Wit 2:59, p.ll) The subject of Nizamettin Ang’s
film is the condition of the Kurds. ( also: mijare
(IFb-2)] (syn: babet I[2]; daba§]
l(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF]
mijare (IFb) = subject. See mijar.
Mijdar f ( ;-e). November. [(neol)Wlt] <£iri>
miji (Srk) = eyelashes. See bijang.
mijin (AB/K) = to suck. See m§tin.
mijlis (L) = assembly. See meclis.
mijmije (OK/AA) = apricot. See mi§mi§.
miju jjju (Haz) = bone marrow. See meji [2].
mijtll cissJU adj. 1) busy; 2) [+ bi...ve] concerned with,
[pre]occupied with: -mijfll biin (B): a) to be
amused, entertained: *Carek§ ti§tekiva mijfll
bin (Z-l) Why don’t you do something to amuse
yourselves [lit. 'Be entertained by stg.']; b) [+
bi...ve] to be concerned with, [pre]occupied with,
interested in: •Rojbelatnasen ewropi ku bi
"Mem@ Alan" mijul bflne gendek in (DM)
The European Orientalists who have been
interested in "Meme Alan" are several •Eme bi
pirs§n j£rin mijfll bibin ... (DM) We will be
concerned with the following questions ...; -mijfll
kirin (B) to entertain, [pre]occupy, amuse, divert;
-mijfll dan (Haz) to speak, talk ( syn: axaftin;
peyivin; qise kirin; §texilin; xeber dan}, {also:
mejxul (JB1-S); [mijoul] (JJ); <mijul>
(HH)} < Ar masyul = 'busy* (mijulahi; mijuli;
[mijouli] (JJ); <mijulahi> (HH)}
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/Haz//DM//JBl-S]
mijillahi f. (). l) amusement, diversion,
entertainment, pastime; 2) conversation
(A/JB3/IF/K/B); 3) work, business, occupation, that
with which one busies o.s. (HH). {also: mijuli (K/B);
[mijouli] (JJ); <mijulahi> (HH)}
[K/B/JJ//A/JB3/IFb/HH/SK] <mijul>
mijulank m. (OK) = eyelashes. See bijang.
mijuli (K/B/JJ) = amusement; pastime. See
mijillahi.
*mik’an I jlil in. (). possibility, opportunity;
means. < Ar imkan jlSl] [B]
mik’an II jlSl (Z-l)/mikan, f. (K) = place. See mek’an.
mikare oj{SL m. (). chisel, auger, gimlet, tapering pod,
pencil-sized metal pole with flat, sharp point, used
for drilling holes in wood (before there were
electric drills), {also: miqar (IFh-2); miqare, f. (K);
[minqar/mnkar (GF)/makara (Rh)] (JJ);
<mikare> ojlSL, (HH); <miqar> jbu (Hej)} cf. NENA
maqar/muqar/mughar = 'chisel, graving-tool'
(Maclean); Syr maqara 1 hrm /maqura 1 i> o ld:d =
’bird's beak; auger, gimlet’ (Vn-q-r) (Pyn-Sm) & Arc
maqqor llpD = 'beak; tool for whetting millstones'
(M. Jastrow) [Zcb/lFb/riH/OK//K//Hej//jj] <*alisk;
burxi>
mikin (K) = to bleat. See mikin.
mikin (jJL* vi. (-mik-). 1) {syn: k’alin} to bleat (of
goats): *Xar e, ne dar e / Dimike, ne kar e /
Dik’§e, ne me’r e / Ew giye? [Av] (Z-1702)
It's crooked, it's not a tree / It bleats, it’s not a kid /
It creeps, it's not a snake / What is it? [rdl.; ans.:
water]; 2) [f. ().] bleating (ofgoats), {also: mikin (K);
mikmikin (B-2)} [Z-l702/F//K/B] <harin II; borin
I>
mikmikin (B) = to bleat. See mikin.
mikuf J3 SL>: -mikur bun (K)/mikur hatin
(IFb/RF)/xwe mikur hatin (K) to admit, confess:
• Ez divd li xwe mikur werim ku ez ji
nikarim ve yeke bikim (MUm, 17) I have to
admit to myself that I can't do it either, {also:
mukurhatin (TF)} (syn: *itiraf; *penasin} Cf. Arc
aker “1DK < Vn-k-r = 'to recognize, know 1 ; cf. also
386
M
Heb mukar 1D10 = ’recognized, known'
[MUm/K/IFb/TF/RF]
mil J..* m. (-§; ). 1) shoulder: *Kale dizvire ser
mile xwe, dive ... (Dz) The old man looks back
[lit. 'turns on [=over] his shoulder'] [and] says ...
• Mil§ qiza xwe girt (J) He took [hold of] his
daughter’s arm •Pirek e, gigike xwe avetiye
ser mile xwe (L) It’s an old woman, she has
thrown her breasts over her shoulders; 2) upper
arm (Ak); 3] ( syn: hugik; zendik) sleeve; 4] {syn:
all) side [BX/IF): -ji mile din (BX) on the other
hand [d'autre part]; 5) promontory, mountain
plateau (JJ); mountain (HH). {also: [mil] 0 L (JJ);
<mil> J_« (HH)) Av marazu- n. = 'vertebra of the
neck or back’; Sor mil 0 L = 'neck'; Hau mil m. -
'(nape of the) neck' (M4) [BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/
JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK] <g’epil; dest; navmil; pi I;
pil I>
milet/milet 5 oT. m. (-e; ). people; nation:
•Zargotina me pir dewlemend e. Milete
me ew zargotin afirandiye, niha ji
diafirine. (Wit 2:59, p.16) Our folklore is very
rich. Our people has created this folklore, and is
still creating it. [also: [milet] (JJ); <millet> oJ-.
(HH)) {syn: gel; net’ewej < Ar millah --> T millet
[K/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ//HH]
milSb f. ( ;-e). pitchfork (K/IF/JB3); wooden
pitchfork used for winnowing grain (A), [also:
melef (B); melev (B/IFb-2); melheb (TF); melhep
(IFb-2); melheb (IFb-2); melhep (A); milev (IFb-2);
milheb (K); milheb (GF-2); <milheb> (HH))
[syn: k’arec; tebur) cf. Syr malhbo -
'winnowing fan' & NENA milkha-wa = 'large fork,
esp. made of wood for use at the threshing floor’
(Maclean) [IFb/JB3/GF//TF//A//K//HH] <kunore>
mileket o*SlL (IF) = angel. See melek.
milev d&L (IFb) = pitchfork. See mileb.
milheb (K) = pitchfork. See mileb.
milheb v4$G (GF) = pitchfork. See mileb.
miliak’et m.&f. (B) = angel. See melek.
mills ni. (). village guard [T korucu]; militia.
<Fr milice = ’militia'. See: Michael M. Gunther. The
Kurds in Turkey : a Political Dilemma (Boulder,
Colo.: Westview Press, 1990), pp. 81-82. [Haz/IFb]
miliyak’et m.&f. (B) = angel. See melek.
milftk I m. Q. 1) {syn: xwedi) owner,
proprietor of land or wealth (K); 2) governor of a
province (K): # ev herse miluke ha (Z-2) these
three governors. Cf. Ar mulk cJLL = 'property'
[Z-2/K]
milyak’et oa^LJL, m. (K) = angel. See melek.
min I prn. me; I (as the logical subject of past tense
transitive verbs) ; my (oblique case of ez} : «Ew
min dibine = He sees me •Min ew dit = I saw
him •hevale min = my friend, [also: mi; [min]
q* (JJ); <min> ^ (HH)) Cf. P man Sor min
^/emin = T; Za min = ’me'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<ez>
min II q* f. (-a; ). maund, mina, measure of weight
approximately 3 kilograms: *Ji Stembol§ min
guhark’eke kiriye guhi ji batmanek§,
xeleqa we du min e, nala aseni (JBl-A,
#139) In Istanbul I put in his ear an earring that
weighed a batman, the hoop of which is two
maunds, shaped like a horseshoe, {also: [men]
(JJ)) <Akkadian manu = 'unit of weight': P man
Sor min ^/men [JB1-A/OK//JJ] <batman I>
minal Jlc« (IF) = child. See mindal.
minar*e OJ l^ f. ( ;»e). minaret: *Digel kewtina
mela 'Ebbas, MuKemmed Selim go, xeber
da Fatime Xanim, dayka xo. Got e,
"Seydae me ji minare kewt, mir" (SK
15:152) When Mullah Abbas fell Muhammad
Salim went and informed Madam Fatima, his
mother. He told her, "Our teacher has fallen from
the minaret and died" •RojekS §ivanek dige
bajer. Dinihere ku yek derketiye ser
minare ft diqire (LM, p.ll) One day a shepherd
goes to town. He sees that someone comes out of
the minaret and shouts [something], [also: [minare]
ojL-e (JJ); <minare> <^1^ (HH)) < Ar manarah sjLl# =
'light tower'—> T minare
[Z-l/EP-7/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF] <mizgeft>
minasib adj. [+ ezafeh] appropriate, suitable
[for s.o.] /all-purpose positive term I : «gel xort§
minasib (L) forty fine young men [Quarante
beaux jeunes gens] »Ev teyr ne minasibS me
ye (L) This bird is not appropriate for us (=too
good for us) •Teyreki pir minasib § rind e
(L) It is a very fine and beautiful bird, {also:
munasib (SK); [mounasib] (JJ)) < Ar munasib
--> T miinasip [K/IFb//JJ/SK]
387
M
*mindal JIjll. m.&f. (). child; children, offspring.
{also: minal (IF-2)} {syn: kur II; law[ik]; t’ifal, f.;
zaro) Sor min[d]al (mindalt!) [A/JB3//IF]
*mindalti L yd) aa-* f (). 1) [syn: zaroti) childhood; 2)
««
childishness. [K(s)] <kurti; mindal>
minet o*u-o f (-a;-e). recognition, gratitude (for a
favor rendered) ; [feeling of] obligation to s.o. who
has done you a favor: •Qurba, min tera qenc!
kir, Keyfa min te kiE§la te hat, yan weki
tn §er dixazi em §er kin, minet t’une (Z-l)
My dear, I did you a favor, I took pity on you and
your bay horse, hut if you want a battle, we will
fight, there is no [minet] •Ra-be, ji-bedel we
gakiya kak §as<iar bizinek[e] bi kar bo
bibe, pe§k§§ bike, 'erz bike, me qewi ji wi
minnet e (SK 19:180) In return for this favor of
Brother Shasuwar, get up and take a goat with a
kid to him, present it to him and tell him we are
very grateful to him •Xozi tu ji fojek[e] li min
btlbay e mewan, da min gak qedre te
girtiba, xizmeta te kiriba, da min gakiya
te, minneta te ji-ser xo ra-kiriba (SK
31:275) I wish that one day you would be my
guest so that I could honour and serve you and rid
myself of the debt of gratitude I owe you for your
goodness; -minet k’i§andin (K) to be obliged to
s.o. (who has done a favor) ; -mineta xwe ji
fk-e [ne]k’i§andin (FK-eb-l) to [not] let o.s. be
indebted to s.o.: •Meme mineta xwe ji kesi
nek’i§and (FK-eb-l) Mem would not let himself
be indebted to anyone, {also: minnet (SK); [minet]
o-l* (JJ)) < Ar minnah (o/m-n-n = ’to grant (a
favor)') --> T minnet [Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//SK]
<gaki>
miqabil JjliU adj. 1) {syn: dijber; pe§ber; raber)
opposite, facing: •aliye miqabil (B) the opposite
direction •Le xan-mane Zin xatune ji
miqabili e Qeret’ajdine bd (EP-7) But Lady
Zin's residence was [directly] opposite Qeretajdin’s;
2) opposed (to), against: -miqabili fk-e/ft-i bun
(B) to be opposed to, to be against, to disagree with
s.o. or stg.; »Bav§ te miqabili gtiyina teye
(B) Your father is against your going •K’e
miqabile? (B) Who is opposed? •Roke ni§k£va
bav§ min gazi min kire bal xwe, got, weki
siba ew u dia min we heme mala Miloe
bav§ StislkS, ku §!ranya min w§ bixun,
pa§§ pirsi: “Tu xwe miqabil nini, lawo? M
(Ba2-#2, p.207) Suddenly one day my father called
me to his side, and said that the next day he and
my mother would go to the house of Milo, Susik’s
father, to finalize the marriage between me and her
[lit. 'to drink her and my sweet sherbet'], then he
asked, “You’re not opposed, are you son?” {also:
muqabil (SK); qambil (Nsb); [makabil/mokabil]
0 LU l* (JJ); <meqabil> 0 LUl« (HH)) < Ar muqabil
[EP-7/K/IFb/B//JJ//HH//SK]
miqandin vt. (-miqin-). to grunt, snort: # Du
deve §andine, gika k’ijan deve e, k’ijan
kudike ... Go, ... bera sive du meriv le
syar bin, her yek here aliki, go, bera sive
t’ev peyavin, wedere deveye bimqine,
kudike tek’eve bini bimeje (FK-Kegelok)
The}^ have sent two camels: which is the mother,
which is the baby? ... He said, let two men ride
them tomorrow, each one on a different side, then
let them dismount, and the [mother] camel will
grunt, and the bahy camel will come under her to
nurse, [also: miqin (FK-Kegelok-2); mirqandin
(IFb/OK); cmirqandin jjjli^/miqandin
(Hej)) Sor mi[r]qandin = 'to grunt, snuffle'
[FK-Kegelok//IFb/ OK/Hej]
miqar jUl* (IFb/Hej) = auger, gimlet. See mikare.
miqare f. (K) = auger, gimlet. See mikare.
miqat oG- adj. 1) careful, cautious; 2) [+ li] attentive
(to) (JJ/TF): -miqat! fk-1 bfln(B)/li fk-t miqate
bhn (JB3/IFb/GF) /miqayet li fk-1 btln (WM)
to look after, take care of s.o. (syn: xwed! le kirin):
•Gereke hiin rind miqat! w! bin (Ba) You
must take good care of him *Le giqa j! §ivana ti
seed wana miqat! li pez nekirana,
diqewim!, wek! gura mik-dudu bir!ndar
dikirin (Ba2:l, p.203) But no matter how much
the shepherds and their dogs cared for the sheep, it
happened that the wolves wounded a sheep or two
•Li van heywanan miqayet be, heta ku ez
herim destave (WM 1:2, p.6) Look after these
animals while I go to the bathroom •Miqat!
xwebe (J) Take care of yourself; -miqat! zara
bun (F) to look after the children, {also: miqate
(JB3/IFb/GF/TF); [mouqat] cJju (JJ)) according to JJ,
<Ar muqayyad a-Jl* = 'limited, registered'; NENA
mqayid = 'to be careful 1 (Maclean); cf. also T dikkat
= 'attention' < Ar diqqah #a = 'fineness, accuracy'
388
M
in *dikkat-mikkat {miqateyi; miqati)
[K/(B)//f J//JB 3/IFb/GF/TF/OK//WM]
miqate Aj'liu (JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK) = careful; attentive.
See miqat.
miqateyi (TF) = looking after, care. See miqati.
9 m
miqati f. ( ;-ye). nursing, tending, looking
(after), care (for): -miqati kirin [+ le] = to take
care of: *Dudu ji me herin biniherin, gika
ew gi du ye, dudu ji miqatiye li keriye
miya bikin (Ba2:2, p.205) Two of us would go
see what the smoke was. and two would take care
of the flock of sheep, {also: miqateyi (TF)) { syn:
sexberi; t’imar) [Ba/K/B//JB3/IFb/GF//TF) <miqat>
miqayet oajUu (WM) = careful; attentive. See miqat.
* miqdar jl^JL* = amount. See mixdar.
miqilk JJ.iL. f. (-a; ). pan, saucepan, frying pan.
{also: meqle (JBl-A); miqlik (IFb-2); [meqilik] J-Jju,
(JJ-Lx); <meqlik> JJjl. (HH)) {syn: t’awe) < Ar
miqla [miqlan] iJ SuL> & miqlah s(<Vq-l-y = ’to
fry') = ’frying pan 1 [Msr/JB3/IFb//))//MH//)Bi-y\] <bero§;
mencel; qu§xane>
miqin (FK-Kegelok) = to grunt. See miqandin.
miqlik JJjl. (IFb) = pan. See miqilk.
mirad A^ (IFb/JJ) = desire; goal. See miraz.
mirar ji ^ adj. ritually unclean, impure (of animals
forbidden for Muslims to eat. e.g.. the pig) :
-mir[d)ar bun (K)/mirar bun (Bw/HH/SK) to die
without being ritually slaughtered (of ritually clean
animals; for ritually unclean animals, such as dogs,
sekitln is used, qv.)\ •Sofi §ex, zu rabe. Gae
me we di bi roRe da. Eger zu nagiheye de
mirar bit. Mixabin e. Wekuje, her nebit
germe wi xesar nabit (SK 30:271) Sofi Shaikh!
Our ox is at the point of death. If you do not reach
it soon it will (die of itself and) become carrion. It is
a pity. Slaughter it, at least do not let the hide be
wasted *Wexte jin gun, §emala §emae
birine* hindav gay, ditin* ko ga mirar
btiy (SK 30:273) When the women went and held
a wax candle over the ox they saw that it had died.
{also: mirdar [2] (K-2/IFb-2/GF-2); [merar] J\^> (JJ-
G); <mirar> (HH)) Mid P murdar = ’carrion’
(M3); P mordar = animal carcass'—> T
murdar/mundar [Bw/K/A/IFb/B/JJ-G/
HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <sekitin>
mirari ^1^, (IFb/OK) = dirtiness. See mirdari.
miravi Js\^ f (). duck (K[s]/OK); teal, short-necked
9 9
river duck, zool. Anas crecca [T gamurcun] (IF);
woodcock, zool. Scolopax rusticola [T gulluk] (IF).
{syn: sone; werdek) Cf. P moryabl = 'wild
9 9
duck, mallard’; Sor mirawi = ’duck’
[K(s)/IFb/OK] <bet; miri§k>
miraz ji ^ m./f(JB3) (-§/ ; mirez/ ). 1) {syn; arzu;
daxwaz; merem) desire, wish: -ber miraz (Z-l)
satisfied, having attained one's desire [lit. 'in front
of [one's] desire']: *Ez ber mirazim, ez te
nakujim (Z-l) I've gotten what I wanted, I won't
kill you; -miraze xwe §abhn (Z-l/K) = a) to
rejoice in one’s happiness; b) to attain one’s desire,
get what one wants: *Ew herd ji nazik ft
bedewin, bira miraze xwe §a bin (Z-l) Both
of them are fine and beautiful, let them attain their
desire; 2) {syn: armanc [1]; mebest; meqsed;
merem; net [4]) goal, aim. {also: mirad (IFb-2);
[mirad A meraz ji(JJ); <miraz> ji ^ (HH)) <
Ar murad = ’that which is desired’ (<arada IV
A ji = ’to want’ <Vr-w-d); Sor mirad j 1 ^/rniraz jl^ =
'desire, wish, object’ |Z-i/K/A/jB3/lFb/B/HH//jj]
<hewas>
mire m. (-e; ). large hammer, sledge hammer.
{also: mere II, f. (OK)) (syn; geran II) [Bw//OK]
<gakug; mek’ut; zomp>
mircan f. ( 1) coral; 2) (syn; dur) pearl(s)
(K/JJ/HH/GF); pearls with holes in them (IF): *Her
gulike—mircanek qimeti pevaye (EP-5, #2) In
every braid [of her hair]-a precious pearl; 3)
bead(s) (K/F); 4) name for women, {also: mercan
(A); [merjan] (JJ-Rh/PS); <mircan>
(HH)) This word has cognates throughout the
Mediterranean: Heb margalit IT‘Pin ft = 'pearl'; Arc
margallta Kn* , ‘?inft/margenlta KfTDinft & Syr
margamta P morvarld ajjI^ & marjan
= 'pearl'; Ar marjan/murjan qU .^ = 'small
pearls; coral', T mercan = 'coral'; Sp margarita =
'pearl; ox-eye daisy'; It margherita = ’pearl; ox-eye
daisy'; Gr margarites pcxpyapiTqg = 'pearl'; Sor
mercan = ‘coral’
[EP-5/F/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//A/JJ] <dur; lal II; xi§ir>
mirdar A Am a dj. 1) {syn; gepel; dijun; gemari; p’is;
qirej) dirty, filthy, unclean: •Yarebi, bav@ min
digot, eze tera penc sed xatftnS bi carl
binim, ez seva eva re§e mirdar hatime
vira? (EP-7) My God, my father said he'd bring me
389
i
M_
500 women with slave girls; have I come here (=all
this way) for this dark, dirty one?; 2) ritually
unclean, impure. See mirar. { also: mirar;
[mourdar] j) (JJ)} < P mordar J - 'animal
carcass’—> T murdar/mundar (mirari; mirdari;
mirdari; mirdaTti; [mourdari] (JJ)}
[EP-7/K/B//JJ//Bw/A/IFb]
mirdari f ( ;-y&). dirtiness, slovenliness,
• •
untidiness, sloppiness, {also: mirari (IFb/OK);
mirdarti (K-2); [mourdari] ^ (JJ)} { syn: gemari}
[K/B/GF//JJ//IFb] <mirdar>
mirdarti jl (K) = dirtiness. See mirdari.
mirdiyaq jL^ (Qzl) = wooden support beam. See
mertak.
miremir ^o^/miremir [IFb]/mire-mir ^ ^
[K] f. ( ;-e). 1) purring, humming (K/B); 2)
growling, snarling (K/B); 3) grunting (K); 4)
muttering (K). [HR//K/B/IFb]
mirin vi. (-mir-). 1) {syn: can dan (F); wefat bun
(F)} to die, pass away: «Diya CJsib miribti (BA)
Joseph's mother was dead [lit. ’had died']: -isal
nemirin, isal Keft sale mirin (XF) to faint, lose
consciousness, fall into a swoon; to show no signs
of life: •Zina Bek’ir jorda 'erd§ k’et, isal
nemiriye, isal Keft sale miriye (EP-7) Bekir’s
Zin fell off onto the ground in a dead swoon; 2) [f.
(-a;-§)] {syn: wefat} death, {also: miran (A);
[myrin] (JJ); cmirin (dimre) (HH)}
[Pok. 4. mer-/mera-, 5. mer-/mera- 735.] - 'to rub
away, harm; to die': Skt marati/marate/mriyate =
’he dies’; O Ir *mar- (Tsb 39): Av mar- (pres.
mariya-/mirya-); OP a-mariyata = ’he died’; Mid P
murdan (mir-) (M3); P mordan = 'to die’; Oss
maryn = 'to kill'; Sor mirdin qj^ (-mir-); Za
mirena [merdi§] (Todd); Hau merdey (mir-) vi.
(M4); cf. also Lat moriri; Rus umret' yMpeTB
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/ JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK]
<girel>
mirid aj^* m. (). disciple, adherent, follower: «Her
roj pi§ti nim§ja evare, §§x §ireten dini li
mirid§n xwe dikirin (Rnh 2:17, p.340) Every
day after the evening prayer, the sheikh would
advise his disciples on religion. < Ar murid aj^ =
'one who wants; novice (of a Sufi order), adherent,
follower, disciple' {miriditi} [Rnh/K/IFb/B/SK/OK]
<feqi; suxte>
miridi ^a^-. (Rnh) = being a disciple. See miriditi.
miriditi ^aj^. f. Q. state of being a disciple,
••
adherent, or follower: «Ji wan §§x§n ko
nizanin §§xiti ft miriditi gi ye (Rnh 2:17,
p.339) One of those sheikhs who don't know what
being a sheikh or being a disciple is. {also: miridi
(Rnh-2)} [Rnh] <mirid>
miri§k /. (-a;-e). chicken: # Wana miri§k
birin, yeki li tewle §erje kir, yeki li gome
§erj§ kir (Ba3-1) They took the chickens, one
slaughtered [his] in the stable, one slaughtered [his]
in the sheepfold; -h@ka miri§k£ (Tkm) chicken
egg; -miri§ka hindistan§ (B) turkey; -miri§ka
kurk (B) brooding hen. {also: [mirichk
c jU^/ mirijk Jj>>] (JJ); <miri§k> (HH)} Mid P
murw = ’bird' (M3); P mory = ’fowl’; Sor mir^
& miri§k = 'fowl (domestic)’; Za mirigik f. =
'small bird’ (Todd) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
GF/TF/Tkm] <cucik/gelik/varik = chick; dik =
rooster; hek = egg; kurk’ I = brooding hen>
mirof - man; person. See meriv.
miroj yy^ (Hk) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mirov (IFb/HH/OK) = man; person. See meriv.
mirovahi ^^y^ (IFb/OK) = manliness; humanity;
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
mirovati (IFb/HH/OK) = manliness; humanity;
•»
humaneness; relation through marriage. See
merivti.
mirqandin (jAjii'(IFb/OK/Hej) = to grunt. See
miqandin.
mirtel Jl> (IFb) = mattress; bedding. See mit§l.
mirt’ib/mirtib [B] m. (). 1) (syn; a§iq; begzade
[2]; bo§e; dome (Wn); qeregi} Gypsy (Ag/Wn/B§k);
bohemian, vagabond (JJ): -jina mirt’ib (K) Gypsy
woman; -zimane mirt’iba[n] (K) Romany, Gypsy
language; 2) [syn: defgi; diholkut} drummer,
traditional musician, minstrel (IFb/HH/SK):
•Mutirb ge§tine beder@ qesra axa gotin
[sic]... em ji ewe he§t neh roj e ji lae
Sil£mani ti. KerkKk§ li dfl nawbang§
EKmed Axa£ Berwari t§yn da bo wi def ft
kemanga le deyn ft lawjan bejin, belkft
keremeki gak digel me biket (SK 27:243)
The minstrels arrived before the gate of the agha’s
mansion and said ... for 8 or 9 days now we have
come from the direction of Sulaimaniya and
390
M
Kerkuk following the fame of Ahmad Agha
Barwari, in order to play the drum and viol for
him and to sing him songs, hoping that he will
reward us well, [also: mirtif (FK-kk-13); mirt’iv
(Ag/Wn); mitirb; mit’irp (B§k); mitrib (IFb-2/GF);
mutirb (SK); [mirtib] (JJ); <mitirb> v J=l* (HH)}
< Ar mutrib v JL* = ’singer, musical entertainer'
<atraba IV v = 'to delight, to sing, to play music'
(<Vt-r-b = ’to be moved (with joy or grief)’); T
mitinp [Bitlis; Mut-igel]/mitinb [Silifke-igel]/mitrip
[Erci§-Van; Nizip-Gaziantep] = 'Gypsy' (DS, v. 9, p.
3193) (mirtibi; mirtivi) [K/IFb/JJ//B//FK-kk-l3//
HH//Ag/Wn//Bsk//GF//SK] <begzade [2]>
mirt’ibi/mirtibi [B] f. ( ;-ye). 1) acting like a
»»
Gypsy ; 2) Gypsy language, Romany; 3) [adj.]
Gypsy (adj.) . [also: mirtibi (B); mirtivi (B-2)) [K/B]
<mirt’ib>
mirtif o*j (FK-kk-13) = Gypsy; drummer. See
mirt’ib.
mirt’iv (Ag/Wn) = Gypsy; drummer. See mirt’ib.
mirtivi ^^ (B) = [acting like a] Gypsy. See mirt’ibi.
mirt’oxe (K/IFb/Hej) = omelet-like dish. See
mirtoxe.
mirtoxe f. Q. omelet-like dish made of butter,
flour, and eggs, [also: mirt’oxe (K/IFb); <mirtoxe>
(Hej)| [Wn//K/IFb/Hej] <arxavk>
miruz m. Q. 1) bad mood; melancholia, anguish,
sadness, sorrow: *[Qewi §ermi dibe ft bekef
btiyi mirftzi dikitin weku evare pa§a tete
haremseraye dibine ku xanim bi miruze]
(JR) [She] was ashamed and distressed, when the
pasha came into the harem in the evening, he saw
that [his] wife was in a bad mood; -miruze xwe
kirin (K/B) to be melancholy, depressed,
miserable; to grieve, mourn, pine for; 2) [adj.]
gloomy, sullen (B). [also: muruzi (K-2); [mourouz]
(JJ)) [JR/K/B/IFh//JJ1
mis Lr ^ (IFb/GF/OK/JJ) = copper. See mis.
misas f. (). ox goad, goad, a long thin stick with
a needle-sharp tip used for prodding cattle : «Dftre
tu £ bibini ku bi qasi sft misasan di ser
poze giye re li asiman se siter berwar u di
r§za hev de hene (HMp, 17) Then you will see
in the sky—about three oxgoad lengths from the top
of the mountain-there are three stars sloping and in
one line, [also: mesas (IFb-2); <misas> ^ l a- (HH))
< Ar massas = 'goad'
[HMp/A/IFb/GF/TF/RF/Kmc-21(Qrj)//HH]
misebiq (TF) = type of grape. See misebq.
misebq (). type of grape (Msr/TF); summer
grapes (Haz). [also: misebiq (TF)) ?< Ar musabbaq
ur
- ’premature [in ripening?]’ [Msr/Haz//TF]
<tiri>
misexer (Rnh) = slave. See misexir.
misexir m. (). slave, indentured servant:
•Serdara periyan emiri misexiren xwe kir
got: "Mere min digel wezir ji qesirft
derexin, qesire digel §n din hemiwan li
ave de winda bikin" (Rnh 2:17, p.308) The
fairy queen commanded her slaves, saying: "Take
my husband and the vizier out of the castle, then
drown the castle in the river with everyone else
inside it." [also: misexer (Rnh-2)) <Ar musaxxar
= ’one who has been made subservient, slave’
[Rnh]
misewa adv. continuously, constantly,
incessantly, without stopping: »Ew roja yekem
misewa §er dikin (BM, p.21) On that first day
they fight constantly «Ez misewa rojnameya
Welat taqib dikim (Wit 1:49, p.2) I
continuously follow the newspaper Welat.
[Wlt/BM] <t’im>
misger (IFb/GF/OK) = coppersmith. See
misk’ar.
misgir (OK) = coppersmith. See misk’ar.
misheb = holy book. See misKef.
mishef (IF) = holy book. See mislief.
misheb (EP-7) = holy book. See mislief.
mishebxan*e f. ( ;*e). place where holy
books (i.e., the Koran) are kept (EP-7). < mishef =
'holy book' lor possibly mezheb = 'religion'! +
xane = 'house' [EP-7] cmisfief; mizgeft>
mishef f. (-a; ). copy of the Koran, holy book
(K/IF/JJ). [also: mesheb; misheb; misheb (EP-7);
mishef (IF); [moushef] (JJ); <mishef>
(HH)) < Ar mushaf/mashaf U&m* = ’copy of the
Koran'; Sor mesheb [EP-7//K/IF/HH//JJ]
<k’iteb>
misilman m.&f. (). a Muslim, Moslem: «Kur£
min tu ji Nusftbini yi in§alah tu ne fizidi
yi 1§ bila bibe. fizidi gelek ji Bisilmanan
getir in (Ah) My son, you are from Nusaybin, I
hope you are not a Yezidi, but then again, so be it.
391
M
The Yezidis are much better than the Muslims
•Qiz dib§jd: "Ya mir mezin/ Iro layiqe te
k’efin/ Bisurman naye xwe§ li min/ Ez
c isewi—tu sunneti” (FT) The girl says to him, "0
great emir/ Today you deserve a shroud/ A
Muslim is not right for me/1 am Christian--you are
Sunni." {also: bisilman (Ah); bisurman (FT);
musulman (B/SK/F/GF); musurman (B-2);
[mousoulman] (JJ); <misilman> (HH))
(syn: Huseyni) <Ar muslim P mosalman
T rnuslliman; Sor musulman
(misilmani; misilmaniti; misilman[t]i; musurmani;
[mousoulmani] ^yL-L^. (JJ); <misilmani>
(HH)) [Ah//FT//K/IF/A/HH//B/JJ/SK/F/GF]
misilmani f ( ;-ye). 1) Islam, the Muslim
»«
religion; 2) Muslim piety (B); Muslim obligations
and behavior (B). [also: misilmaniti (K); misilmanti
(K-2); musulmani (B/F); musurmani (B-2);
[mousoulmani] (JJ); <misilmani> ^yL-L.*
(HH)} [IF/HH//K//B/F/JJ] <misilman>
misilmaniti (K) = Islam. See misilmani.
misilmanti (K) = Islam. See misilmani.
misilm§ni m. (). Muslim Kurds who were
formerly (or whose immediate ancestors were)
Christian Armenians [bere fileh bun, pi§ti bun
misilman]. {also: misilmini (§nx-2)} [§nx] <Ermeni;
file>
misilmini (§nx) = Kurds of Armenian decent.
See misilmani.
Misir /. ( ;-§). Egypt, {also: Misr; *Misre (A))
< Ar Misr --> T Misir [Ba/Ba2/A/IF]
misin m. (-e; ). (brass) ewer, pitcher [aiguiere];
metal pitcher with long, narrow neck (B); copper
pitcher (HH): •Misine wi e limeje tije av
dike (L) He fills his prayer pitcher with water
•Sofi, here, mesine min ji birka pi§ta
gundi te ji bike, bibe edebxana mizgewte,
li we-dere ra-weste Eetta ez tern (SK 50:524)
Sofi, go and fill my water-pot at the pool behind
the village, take it to the lavatory of the mosque
and wait there till I come, {also: mesin (IFb-2/SK);
[misin/mesin] (JJ); <mesin> (HH)!
<mis/mis = 'copper' + -in = adjectival ending for
materials [L/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH/SK] <mis>
miskin adj. 1) poor, wretched, miserable,
pitiful; 2) nice (person), respectable (Bw). {also:
[meskin] (JJ); <miskin> (HH)) <Ar
miskln = 'poor, wretched'
[Bw/K/IFb/HH/SK/OK//JJ] <belengaz; jar I[3]>
misoger adj. sure, certain, assured, {also:
misoger (TF)} (syn: biste [2]; pi§trast) < clq Iraqi Ar
msogar = 'insured; assured, guaranteed'
passive participle of sogar < sogarta
b jf^o[written Ar sikurtah oh<It sicurta =
'insurance' [IFb/OK/RZ//TF]
Misr = Egypt. See Misir.
*Misre « (A) = Egypt. See Misir.
mist o JL/ mist [Hk/Dh/Ak] f/m.(OK) (-a/
e/). 1) {syn: k’ulm) fist; 2) [syn: k’ulm) handful
(GF); 3) palm of hand (TF). {also: mi§t I (IFb-2/OK-
2); mo§t, m. (F); [myst] (JJ)) Cf. Skt musti-
m.//.; Av musti- f.\ Mid P must/must (M3); P most
Sor mi§t = 'fist'; Za mist (Mai); Hau mi§te
f. = ’quantity that fills the two hands cupped
together' (M4) [S&E/K(s)/A/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/
OK//Hk/Dh/Ak//F]
mi§ag JXjLc m. (). farmhand, day worker, [also:
[michaq] jLl. (JJ)) < Arm msak [Qzl/IFb//JJ]
<erxat>
mi§e ^ adj. many, plenty, abundant, a lot: •Hingi
li w£ dirk’e mi§k t mi§e bdn, ghne nav
nivinket biguka u mezina (M, #705, p.322)
Mice were so abundant there that they got into the
bedding of children and adults *Me mi§e y@t
heyn ji van (Bw) We have plenty of them
•Romi xertel in, xo§!ya wan ew e kele§
mi§e bin (SK 61:740) Turks are vultures, their
pleasure is in being full of carrion [lit. 'that carrion
be plenty'], {also: [mish] jl* (JJ-Rh)} Sor mi§e =
'plentiful, common property, offered free of charge,
permissible' [Bw/IFb/SK/OK//JJ-Rh]
mi§eht (GF) = displaced person. See migext.
migewig f. (-a; ). cooked lentils as opposed to
nisk = 'raw lentils' (Msr); ground lentils [T
ogiitulmiig mercimek] (IFb). {also: migewg (IFb/CB);
<mi§ew§> (HH)) [Msr//lFb/HH/CB] <nisk>
migewg (IFb/HH/CB) = cooked lentils. See
migewig.
migext m.&f. (). displaced person; exile;
fugitive; wanderer: -migext bhn (SK) to decamp,
migrate, (aiso: migeht (GF-2); [mouchekht]
(JJ)} [Bw/IFb/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
migexti f. (-ya; ). displacement, being
displaced; migration [hijrah]; *Migextiya wi ya
392
milyoni ek ji evan serhatiyan bu (R 15
[4/12/96] p.l) His millionth [time] being displaced
was one of these stories. Cf. NENA mashkhatuta =
'diaspora' (Daniel Wolk) [R/Zeb/TF]
mi§iriq 3 ^-* (B) = east. See mi§riq.
mi§k JLi-o m./f.(LM ) (-e/ ; /-§). mouse: *Hingi li
we dirk’e mi§k t mi§e bun, gune nav
nivinket bigftka mezina (M, #705, p.322)
Mice were so abundant there that they got into the
bedding of children and adults *Mi§kek u
geliken xwe li derve digeriyan. Bi careke
de gave we li pisikeke ket (LM, p.28) A
mouse and her babies were outside roaming
around. Suddenly she noticed a cat; -mi§ke kor
(B) mole, zool. Talpidae ; -mi§ke terezine (K)
fieldmouse: *Mi§ke terezine, mere xebera
jine, berxe ber bizine, herse ji ber mirine
(K) fieldmice, hen-pecked husbands, and lambs
[nursed] by goats, all three are headed for death
[prv.f {also: mi§kok (B- 2 ); [mychik] (JJ);
<mi§k> JjLo (HH)) [Pok. mus 752.] = ’mouse': Skt
mus- m. = 'mouse, rat'; O Ir *mus- (Ras, p.134): O
P *musa- &*musauka- in compounds ; Mid P musk
(M3); P mus Sor mi§k Za merre 111 .
(Todd); Hau mile m. (M4); cf. also Rus mys"
MHllfB ; Germ Maus [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/
TF/OK] <cird; sevle>
mi§kok (B) = mouse. See mi§k.
mi§mi§ 1 • ( " a;-e). apricot, hot. Prunus
armeniaca. {also: mijmije (OK- 2 /AA); [mychmych]
(JJ); <mi§mi§ mijmij _»>> (HH)) {syn:
herug [ 2 ]; qeysi; zerdeli) < Ar mismis =
'apricot' [K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/TF/OK/ Srk/Msr//AA]
mi§riq 3 ^jL« f. ( ;-e). east; place where the sun rises.
[also: mi§iriq (B); [meshrik] 3 ^* (JJ); <mi§raq>
3 )(HH)} (syn; rojhilat; §erq, f. (F)) <Ar masriq
3 ^* = 'east, place where the sun rises'
[F/K//JJ//B//HH]
mi§t I ojU (OK) = handful; fist. See mist.
mi§t II adj. full, filled to the brim, filled to the
top: -mi§t kirin (Bw) to fill to the brim: *Bo
min vi glasi mi§t! av ke (Bw) Fill this glass up
to the top for me with water *Min ew teneke
mi§t kir ji genimi (Bw) I filled that can up to
the top with wheat, {also: [micht] o-L* (JJ); <mi§t>
^ (HH)) [Bw/Qrj/Elk/K(s)/ A/IFb/JJ/
HH/GF/TF/FJ] <t’iji>
mi§tax f. (-a; ). spreading floor on which
grapes are dried into raisins: *Mi§taxa giya ji
gotin&n p&§iya (title of proverb collection by M.
Mahmud Der§ewi) "Mountain spreading-floor of
sayings of the ancestors [i.e., proverbs]." {also:
mi^taxe (A/IFb- 2 /GF); <mi§taxe> (HH);
<mistax^^/mi§tax^L^.> (Hej)) < Arc mastaha
XnOtfD = 'grapes spread on the ground, spreading
place' (M. Jastrow) & Syr mastoho LjX^-y-D =
'anything spread out to dry’ (Pyn-Sm) & Jewish
NENA mistaxa XDXDtf/fr = 'smooth floor for
sorting grapes’ (Sabar:Dict); cf. Ar mistah =
'threshing floor for drying dates, figs, and grapes';
Sor mi§tax = 'area cleared for drying raisins'
[Der§ewi/IFb/TF/OK/Hej/AA//A/HH/GF] <mewij>
nii§taxe (A/IFb/HH/GF) - drying place for
raisins. See mi§tax.
mi§tin 3 ^ (-mal-) (K[s]/IF/A/JJ/HH) = to sweep. See
mali§tin.
mi§t u mir 3 f. (). argument, debate,
disagreement, {also: <mi§t u mir> ^ 3 (Hej)}
{syn: cerenix; de’w II; doz; gelem§e; k’e§e) Sor
nii§t-u-mir 0-^0 = 'argument, passionate
discussion’ [Zeb/Hej]
*mi§war j f.(K)/m.(L) (). step, pace:
-mi§wareki (L/IF) for a time, for a while:
•Mi§wareki me§iya (L) He went for a while [lit.
'a step’]. < Ar miswar = 'errand' [L/K/JB3/IFb]
mit k* /mit 0 -* [Metin] adj. silent, quiet: *Ev kewe
bo gi mit e? Bo gi naxwinit? (Bw) Why is this
partridge silent? Why isn't it singing?; -Mit bibe
(Bw) Shut up (rude) (=bedeng bibe; ker bibe); -xwe
mit kirin (Metin) to keep quiet, {also: mat II
(K/IFb/SK); <mit> (Hej)) {syn: bedeng) (miti)
[Bw/Hej//Metin//K/IFb/SK]
miti f. (). silence, {syn; bedengi) [Bw/Zx] <mit>
mitala'VH* (GF) = thought, pondering. See mitale.
mital*e JL f. ( ;•§). 1 ) [syn; fikir; hizir; raman I;
xiyal) thought, thinking, reflection, pondering:
-k’etin [ber] mitala[n] (K)/k 5 etin nav mitala
(XF): a) to fall into a reverie, to lapse into deep
thought or day dreams; to be pensive, thoughtful;
to meditate; b) to become concerned, worried
•Mem§ k’et nava mitala (EP-7) Mem became
pensive (or worried); 2) worry, anxiety, care (JJ);
groan, moan, lament (JJ). {also: mitala (GF);
[metala] (JJ); <mutale> Jlk* (HH)} ?< Ar
393
M
mutala'ah = 'reading' [EP- 7/K/IFb/JJ/B//
GF//HH]
mitar«e ojlu m. (•£;«ey). reciprocal debt of labor
between village households (e.g., family A helps
family B build a new house; when family A needs
help in a chore , family B will help them in return
for the help they received): -Mitareke min li def
te ye (Bw) I owe you a debt of labor (in payment
for services you rendered me), {also: cmitare ojL* >
(Hej)l [Bw/Hej] <zibare>
mit§l JIju /. (). 1) {syn: cil III; do§ek| mattress (IFb);
2) (syn: cil III; ci; nivin) bedding (K); 3) strings or
threads with which bed or mattress is sewn (HH).
{also: mirtel (IFb-2); <mitel> (HH))
[K/IFb/HH/GF]
mitirb v .= Gypsy; drummer. See mirt’ib.
mit’irp (B§k) = Gypsy; drummer. See mirt’ib.
mitleq ^^1^ adv. absolutely, {also: mitliq; mutlaq
(SK); [moutlaq] jih* (JJ)) (syn: 'ese; helbet [2];
miqim; teqez) < Ar mutlaq = 'absolute, free'
[F/K//JJ/SK]
mitliq jJL* = absolutely. See mitleq.
mitrib (IFb/GF) = Gypsy; drummer. See mirt’ib.
mix m. (). (iron) nail, (syn: bizmar) Cf. T mih; Sor
mex
[K/IFb/B]
&
= 'nail, peg’; Hau mex m. = 'peg' (M4)
mixabin . What a pity! What a shame!
unfortunately: •muxabine van kiga (Bw) what
a shame for these girls; these poor girls «Nege, bo
'ilm§ te gelek mixabin e (SK :423) Do not go.
It is a great pity for your learning *Tu gelek
cestir i. Mixabin e te bikujim (SK 51:552)
You are very brave. It is a pity for me to kill you
•Xoli bi mal, mal-weran, te bo gi mereki
weki 'Ebdi ku§t? Sed Keyf H mixabin nebti
te ew qebaKete kir? (SK 18:172) You wretch,
why have you killed a man like Abdi? Was it not a
hundred pities that you did this shameful thing?
{also: mixabin (Frq); muxabin (Bw); [moukhabin]
(JJ)) | syn: cihe daxe) NENA mukhabn(a) =
’pity’ (Maclean) [Bw/JJ//K/SK/GF/TF//Frq]
mixare (IF) = cave. See mixare.
mixdar Jjo** m.(E/B)/f,(JB3/B) (-e/; /-e). 1) (syii:
qas; qeder I) quantity, amount; 2) while, amount of
time: «Ew muxdarg meh@ bal me xebiti (B)
He worked for us for a month «Me muxdareke
hevra derbaz kir (B) We passed some time
together. { also: miqdar; muxdar; muxdar (K/B);
[myqdar] jjl* (JJ)) < Ar miqdar j) juu = 'amount'
[BX/JB3//K/B//JJ]
mixenet m. (). 1) (syn: destkis; xayin;
xwefiro§) traitor: «Mala me mala mixeneta
nine (FK-eb-2) Our house is not a house of traitors;
2) [adj.] deceitful, treacherous, {also: mixenet
(F)) < ?Ar maxanah verbal noun of xana
(Vx-w-n) = 'to betray'; or ?<Ar muxannat =
'effeminate, weak' (mixeneti) |FK-2/K/B/Bw] <ceh§>
mixeneti ( ^ f. ( ;-ye). deceit, treachery;
• •
-mixeneti kirin (K) to deceive, trick; to act in a
deceptive manner {also: mixeneti (F)) (syn: xayinti;
xiyanet) [K/B//F] c'ewani; gevezti; mixenet;
xapandin>
mixtar jbA- (Z-4) = village chief. See muxtar.
mixtari (Z-4) = position of village chief. See
muxtari.
mixabin (Frq) = unfortunately. See mixabin.
inixara 1 jbo, (L) = cave. See mixare.
mixar*e /. ( ; # e). cave, cavern; man-made
cave, as opposed to §keft, a naturally formed cave
(Haz): »di mixarake de (L) in a cave *Qiza
hakim bi tene ma li mixare (L) The king's
daughter remained alone (=by herself) in the cave.
{also: mixare (IF); mixara (L); [megare] ojU^ (JJ);
<mexare> ojl^ (HH)) {syn: §keft; t’un [2]) < Ar
mayarah sjU* -> T magara; Hau mere f (M4)
[L//K/Haz//IFb/JJ/HH]
mixenet (F) = traitor. See mixenet.
mixeneti (F) = deceit. See mixeneti.
miz I >>: -miz dan = a) to rub, massage (syn:
perixandin): *A§van k’ete av§, rftvi p§ lep§
xwe pi§ta wi mizda (J) The miller jumped into
the water, the fox rubbed his paw on his (=the
miller's) back *Ew pe dezmala xwe t’emiz
Bor mizdide (FK-eb-2) He wipes Bor [a horse]
dry with his handkerchief; b) to stroke, caress,
fondle, pet {syn: perixandin); c) to grind; to
pulverize: *Careke dine bik’eve avS, ez te
mizdim (J) Jump into the water again, ?I’ll
pulverize you. {also: miz dayin (B-2); mizdan I;
[myz-dan] (JJ)) [J/K/JB3/B/JJ]
miz II _> adj. bittersweet, tart, mildly sour, {also:
[mz] (JJ); <miz> _> (HH)) <Ar muzz >. = ’sourish,
acidulous' [Btm(Hathatke)/F/K/A/B/JJ-G/
HH/GF/TF] <tir§>
394
M
miz III (GF) = copper. See mis.
mizdan I = to rub; to grind. See miz I.
mizdan II = sad. See melfil: -meltll H mizdan.
miz dayin >> (B) = to rub; to grind. See miz I.
mizgeft cJa f. (-a;-§). mosque: •[Mela Bazid
ekseri we’z §iret didaye Ekradan u li
mizgevte nesiKet dikirin] (JR-3) Most of the
time Mullah Bazid gave sermons and admonitions
to the Kurds and advised them in the mosque.
{also: megit (K-2); mizgevt (B/OK-2); mizgewt (SK);
[mizgheft] (JJ); <mizkeft> (HH)) Cf. P
mizkit/mazkat = 'small mosque' & Sp
mezquita < Ar masjid ^ —> T mesgit = 'small
mosque'; Sor mizgewt Za mescid m. (Mai)
[Z-l/A/JBa/lFb/JJ/]Bl-A/GI7TF/OK//HH//B//SK//Kl
mizger (GF) = coppersmith. See misk’ar.
mizgevt (B/OK) = mosque. See mizgeft.
mizgewt (SK) = mosque. See mizgeft.
mizgin (A/IFh/B/JJ/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK) = good
news; reward for hringing good news. See
mizgini.
mizgini f (-ya;-ye). 1) good news, glad
tidings: *Mizginiya xere heye (LC, p.8) There
is good news *Mir got, "Her kese mizginiya
teyri bo min binit ez de xelateki bi keyfa
wi dem e." Xelki ji weto texmin kirin [sic]
mir befise mizginiya teyre bihare ye (SK
29:261) The Mir said, "Whoever brings me the
good news of the bird I shall give him a present
which will please him." People imagined that the
Mir was talking of the good news of the coming of
the bird of spring •Rtivi ... mizgini p 5 ad§era
bir (J) The fox ... brought the good news to the
king; 2) reward for bringing good news:
•Mizginiya min wera (Z-l) You owe me a
reward for bringing yon good news [lit. 'my good
news [reward] to you'], {also: mizgin (A-2/IFb-2/B-
2/JB1-A&S/GF-2/TF-2/OK-2); [mizghin] (JJ);
<mizgini> (HH)} [Pok. mizdho- 746.] =
'reward': Av mifcda- n. = 'reward'; Pahl mizd = do.;
Sgd mwjt’ak - 'messenger of glad tidings’; P mozde
= 'good news' —> T miijde; Sor mizgeni
Za mizgini f. (Mai); Hau mijde m./mijde f. (M4) cf.
also Gr misthos |xicr06g = 'reward (for poet)'
[J/F/K/A/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/ TF/0K//JJ/JB1-A&S]
mizmar jL> = nail (for hammering) . See bizmar.
mil ^ f (-ya;-ye). ewe, female sheep; generic term
99
for ovines: *Ve miye bibe gere (AB) Take this
sheep to pasture! •mik-dudu (Ba2) a sheep or
two: -mi birin zozanan (IF) to take the sheep to
the summer pastures; -miya ave (B) otter, zool.
genus Lutra. {also: mih (JB3-2/GF-2/TF); mihi (SK);
mih (A); [meh mih mi ^/ miia] (JJ); <mih>
cu. (HH)} [Pok. moiso-s/maiso-s 747.] 'sheep': Skt
mesa- m. - 'ram' & mesi /. = 'ewe'; O Ir *mai§a- =
'sheep, ram’ (Ras, p.134): Av maesa- = 'ram' &
maesl- = 'ewe'; 0 P *maisa-, in derivatives
*maisana- = 'ewe'; Mid P mes (M3); P mis/me§
Sor mer j<u; Za mi f. (Todd); Hau meye f. =
'sheep, ewe’ (M4) [K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/0K/
Ag//JJ/HH/TF//A//SK] <beran, m. = ram; berx(ik),
f./m. = lamb; begi I = 1-3 week old lamb; kavir, m.
= 1-year-old sheep; berdir, f. = 2- or 3-year-old
sheep; §ek = 2- or 3- year-old male sheep; bija§tir =
3-vear-old sheep; hogig/xirt = 3-4-year-old male
sheep; xamberdir, f. = 3-year-old barren/dry sheep;
pez = flock of sheep & goats; keri II = large flock;
§ivan = shepherd; beri I = milking shed; gom I =
sty, pen>
mi II ^ (Gzr) = hair. See mil.
mih (A/JJ) = ewe. See mi I.
mijank (£nr) = eyelashes. See bijang.
mikut (GF) = mallet; pestle. See m§k , ut.
mikutok (RZ) = chicken pox. See mirkut.
mina L^> prep, like, similar to: •mina min = like me
• mina te = like you *Qiza te Keta niha mina
xu§ka mine (J) By now your daughter is like my
sister (=like a sister to me) •mina Zina bextreg
(Ba) like the unfortunate Zin (from the romance of
Mem u Zin / Meine Alan), as unfortunate as Zin
• mina ber§ (B) as before •mina gi§ka (B) like
everyone [else]: -mina ye (L) it seems [cf. P mesl-e
inast 0^.1 J-L«] {svn: fire): *Mina ye go tu zani
giroka beji! (L) It seems that you know how to
tell stories! {also: binane (Z-2); minan; minani
(Ba2/B-2); [mina] (JJ); <mina> (HH)) \syn:
fena; nola; §iti II; wek} Cf. P manande ojjjL
[K/A/]B3/IFb/B//J/HH/GF/TF] <man [4]>
minak f. (-a; ). example: *Buyeren dawi,
§ri§a ser Cizir§ ti di cenazey§n polisan de
§ri§£n ku li Diyarbekir bi ser avahiyfin
partiyan u welatparezan ve birin, minaka
§ereki gi§ti <1 e§kere ye (Wit 1:39, p.l) The last
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events, the attack on Jezira [Jizre] and, after the
funerals of the policemen, the attacks which were
launched in Diyarbakir against the buildings of the
parties and of patriots, are examples of a general
and open war; -wek minak = for example (syn;
bo nimune; meselen). {syn: nimune) =Sor nimune
[(neol)Wlt/IFb]
minan ^Ly, = like, similar to. See mina.
minani ^Ly, (Ba2/B) = like, similar to. See mina.
• •
mir I yy m.&f. (-e/-a; ). 1) emir, prince
(m.)/princess (f.); governor, title of nobility (JBl); 2)
title for tribal chieftains (JR, p. 20, note 3). {also:
[mir] (JJ); <mir> _>y (HH)| < Ar amir =
■
'prince, one who has the amr^\= 'power,
authority, command' (mir[i]ti) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/TF/Ba2/F/JBl/JB2] <jinmir; pismir>
mir II adj. concave (veroti) [top] side up (of
knucklebones k’ap II): -mir ft pik (Wn) a
winning combination of knucklebones (syn: ker u
pik (Qzl)); -mir ft soft (Wn) a losing combination
of knucklebones (syn: ker ft gik (Qzl)); -du mir
(Wn) double win (syn; du ker (Qzl)). (syn: ker IV
(Qzl)) [Wn] <k’ap II>
miratgir m.&f (). heir, inheritor, {also:
miratgir (GF); [mirat-gir] JjQy (JJ-Rh)}
[K/JJ-Rh/OK//GF]
miratgir (GF) = heir. See miratgir.
miriti = office of emir. See mirth
mirkut /. (). chicken pox, varicella, {also:
mekutok (GF); mikutok (RZ-2); mirkute
(AA/OK/RZ); mirkutok (RZ-2); <mirkut>
(Hej)) Cf. IFb mekutik/nirkutik = 'scarlatina, scarlet
fever [T kizil hastahgi]'; Sor mekute
[Zeb/Dh/Hej//AA/OK/RZ//GF]
mirkute AjjTy (AA/OK/RZ) = chicken pox. See
mirkut.
mirkutok JjyVyfRZ) = chicken pox. See mirkut.
mirni§in (IFb/GF) = principality. See
mirni§ini,
mirni§ini f\ (-ya;-ye). principality: «Ev
mirni§iniya he, di dema Emewiy§n ‘Ereb
de, hatiye daezrandin (Havibun 5 [1999],
p.73) This principality was established in the time
of the Arab Umayyads *Ew ji serdema
Mirni§ina Baban e (AW73A3) That is the
period of the Baban Principality, {also: mirni§in
(IFb/GF); mirni§in (OK)) [Havibftn//IFb/GF//OK]
mirni§in (OK) = principality. See mirni§ini.
mirti f. (-ya;-y£). office or rank of emir,
• ft
prince, or governor, {also: miriti) [FK-l/K/B]
<mir>
mis ^ m.(K/OK)/f.(B) (-el- a; /-§). copper, f also:
mes II (GF-2); mis (IFb-2/GF/OK); miz III (GF-2);
[mys] (JJ)) (syn: sifir I) Cf. P mes Sor mis
[K/A/B/IFb//JJ/GF] <birinc II; misin; misk 5 ar>
misger (K)/misger yC, (B) = coppersmith. See
misk’ar.
misk’ar jtsly m . (). coppersmith, {also: misger
(IFb/GF/OK-2); misgir (OK); mizger (GF-2); misger
(K-2); misger (B-2)) Sor misger jA^LVmizger jafy
[K/A/B//IFb/GF//OK]
misoger j<4y (TF) = sure. See misoger.
mistin gy^y. vt./vi.(IF) (-miz-). to urinate, piss.
[also: miz kirin (A/JB3/B/HH); miztin (IF); [miztin
gy>y/ mistin ^y^y] (JJ); <miz kirin>
(HH)) [Pok. meigh- 713.] = 'to urinate’: Skt mehati
= 'he urinates'; O Ir *maiz- (Tsb 40): Av maez-
(pres. maeza-); Mid P mistan (mez-) (M3); P mlxtan
(miz) (y); Sor nrizan jly/mizin (-
miz-); Za mizi kena (Todd); cf. also Lat mingere
(pp. mi[n]ctum) [K/IF/JJ//A/JB3/B/HH]
mivan jUy, (Srk) = guest. See mevan.
miz >y f. (-a;-e). urine, piss: •Geliki mlza wl te
(L) He had to go real bad [lit. 'His piss comes very
much'] [Cf. T gi§i geldi]: -miz kirin (A/JB3/B/HH)
to urinate, piss (syn: mistin). {also: [miz] jy (JJ);
<miz> >y (HH)) [Pok. meigh- 713.] = ’to urinate’: O
Ir *maiz- (Tsb 40): P miz jy/konuz yyT; Sor miz
jy; Za miz(e)/mizi f (Mai)
[L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
mizdan o’^- f- ( ;-e). (urinary) bladder, [also:
mizdang (F); mizdank (IF); mizildan (Ak)) P
komlzdan j) jjySl Sor mizdan jjy/mizildan
^IjJyy [K/B/GF//F//IFb//Ak]
mizdang (F) = bladder. See mizdan.
mizdank <Ji)jyy, (IFb) = bladder. See mizdan.
mizildan jljJjy (Ak) = bladder. See mizdan.
miztin gyyy (IF) = to urinate. See mistin.
moc (Z-3) = wave. See mewc.
mohlet (K/JJ) = respite. See molet.
mohtac (K) = needy. See muhtac.
molet o<Jy f. (-a;-e). time limit, respite, extension,
deadline, fixed period of time (for carrying out an
action) : -Mihleta gil rojan bide min, ez@
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bigim ji te re binim (Rnh 2:17, p. 308) Give
me a respite of 40 days, and I’ll go bring [them] for
you •Molet ji te re se meh (L) You have three
months in which to do it [lit. 'Respite for you three
months']. (a/so: rnihlet (JB3/Rnh); mohlet (K);
monet (L-2); [muhul J*d mohlet cd$d (JJ);
<muhlet> (HH)) < Ar muhlah --> T
miihlet; Sor molet odj- [[./I3//K//JB3/Rnh//Jj//HH]
mom ^ f. ( ;-e). flower, {also: [mom] ^ (JJ)} [syn:
g’ig’ek; gul; kulilk) [Zx/JJ/PS]
mon yy* adj. 1) [syn: jar [2]; zeyf) weak, sickly; puny
(K[s]j: •[Wisani bi xef u diz! mirov dane
ku§tin ew kare monane] (JR #27, p.81) To
have a man killed sneakily and secretly, tbis is the
act of weaklings; 2) [syn: xirab) bad (K[s]):
•[libased mon] (JR) bad (shabby?) clothing; 3)
(syn: melul) sad. gloomy (K[s]j; sullen, pouting,
frowning (IFb/JB3/GF); morose, unfriendly, sour
(OK), [also: [moun] (JJ)) Sor mon yy* = glum'
Imoni) [JR/K(s)/IFb/JB3/GF/OK//JJ]monet (L)
= respite. See molet.
moni yy* f. (). weakness, sickliness; puniness. [K(s)J
<mon>
mor I yy* adj. purple, violet, {also: <mor> (HH))
{syn: binef§!) Cf. T mor = purple' [Z-l/Kmc-2/
K(s)/IFb/HH/GF/OK/RZ] <xemri>
mor II /. (-a;-e). 1) (syn: gustil; p’llat) signet ring
(JJ/JB3); 2) seal, stamp (F/K/A/IF/B); 3) (syn: ni§an)
sign, mark (K). {also: muhur, m. (F-2); [moor j^I
muhur (JJ)) < Ar muhr ^ = 'signet'; Sor mor
jj-o [Z-2/EP-7/F/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/B]
moran y\yy* /. (). dense fog: *Moraneke
hilwe§andine, dflmaneke mirine ji ni§ka
ve girt ser welaten gerikan (SF 23) Suddenly
a fog of destruction, a cloud of death beset the land
of the ants, [syn: duman; kirove [1]; mij)
[SF/K(s)/GF/TF]
mord /. (). myrtle, bot. Myrtus communis (IF).
[also: murtik (KZ); mutik (IFb-2/OK/RF)} Mid P
mord = 'myrtle' (M3); P murd Sor mord j yy*
[Rich/IFb//KZ//OK/RF| <dar I>
mor! I ^jy> f. (-ya;-y§). bead[s] (K/A/IF/B); glass
beads (HH); necklace (K); false jewels (JJ): -morlya
xew§ avitin guh& fk-t (K) to put or lull to sleep
[lit. 'to throw beads of sleep on s.o.’s ears]:
•Morlya xew§ li guh§ wan danine (Z-2)
They put them to sleep, [also: muri II (IF-2); murik
(IF-2); [morik J jj-o/mori (S ^\ (JJ); <morik>
(HH)) [Z-2/K/A/IF/B//JJ/HH] <bi§koj>mori II ^
(IF) = ant. See nnir! I.
mo§ek d+jy* (OK) = rocket. See mu§ek.
mo§t o Jjy*, m. (F) = handful; fist. See mist,
mot p >y* m. (-e; ). grape molasses, thick syrup made
from boiled grape juice [T pekmez]. [also: mot!
(IF); mut (K§); muti (A); <moti> (HH)) [syn:
aqit; dims; do§av) Cf. also [mot] (JJ-Lx) = ’wine’.
Cf. T mut [Babik *Potiirge -Malatya] = 'grape
molasses' (DS, v. 9, p. 3225)
[ Srk/GF//IF/HH//K§//A]
motik Jjy* f. (-a; ). dummy egg in a chicken coop,
to keep hens laying eggs: -motka mir!§k§ (Qzl)
do. [syn: xap (Qrj)) [Qzl/IFb/GF/FJ] <hek>
mot! (jy* (IF/HH) = grape molasses. See mot.
••
movane y* /. Q. old, dark honeycomb, as
opposed to §ema [3[, qv. [Zeb] <§an; §ema [3]>
movik d Sy* f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: bence (IF); zend I [3]}
joint (anat.) : -movika pi§te (K) vertebra (syn:
derzen (Z-4)) ; 2) (syn: dev [3]; §ilf) edge (of a
blade] ; 3) notch, node (A), {also: mufik (A/IF);
mufirik (IF); mufirk (IF); <movik> dip. (HH))
[Z-2/K/A/IF/B/HH/Kmc] <geh>
moxil a /. (-a;-e). flour sieve: -moxil kirin
(K[s]) to sift, [also: muxil (OK); [mokel]Jd** (JJ);
<moxil> (HH)) <Ar munxal/munxul =
’sieve; screen’ [Bw/K(s)/IFb/JJ/HH/TF//OK] <bejing;
serad>
moxrib p ^±y* m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). 1) sunset: •Dinya
bu moxrib (L) It was sunset time ] lit. ’The world
became sunset’] *Rojeke dema mexribe gii
ber dergehS Diyarbekire (Rnh 2:17, p.306-7)
One day at sunset he reached the gates of
Diyarbekir; 2) evening (B); 3) (syn: rojava) west
(B/JJ). [also: mexrib (Rnh); rnexreb (B); mexrib (K);
moxrib; [megreb] p (JJ)) < Ar mayrib p>c« =
'place or time of sunset, west' [L//B/JJ//K] cevar;
hingur; mi§riq; rojava>
moxrib = sunset; evening; west. See moxrib.
moz I yy> f. (-a;-e). l) hornet (HH); (syn: zilketk)
wasp (B), zool. Vespidae: -moza qirtik (Msr)/~
qirt (Haz) wasp, yellowjacket ( also: mozeqirtik
(IF); mozqirtk (A)); -moza zebe§ (Msr)/moza be§
(Haz) hornet; red stinging insect with a white
forehead and larger than a bee, zool. Vespa crabo
(IF) [also: mozebe§ (IF)); 2) gadfly, horsefly, large
i
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fly that bites or annoys livestock (K/IFb), zool.
Tabanus bovinus ; 3) { syn: me§[a] hingiv[in]) bee,
zool. Apis mellifera ; bumble-bee: -moza hingiv
(QtrE) do. {also: [moz j^/mozi ^j^l (JJ); <moz>
tj.. (HH)| Sor moz jy* - 'horse-fly'
[DS/F/K/(A)/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <kurifok;
me§; steng>
moz II f. ( ;-e) (B) = calf. See mozik I.
moz III £+ (GF/OK/AA/CB) = banana. See mHz.
mozebe§ ojj-* (IF) = hornet. See moza zebe§
under moz I[l].
mozeqirtik (IF) = wasp. See moza qirtik
under moz I[l].
mozik I ^ m. (). 1 ) calf (F/K/JJ); {syn: k'endik;
malok (Krg)l one-year-old male calf, ox, or bull (B);
one-and-a-half to two-year-old ox (Wn/B§k); two-
year-old calf or ox (IF/HH); 2) stepson, son of one's
wife by a previous marriage (JJ/HH). {also: moz II f.
(;-e) (B); [mouzik] (JJ); <mozik> (HH)(
< Arm mozi J'nqf^/mozik «Tnq_|^l| = 'year-old
male calf, young bullock' <[Pok. mozgho-s 750.]
'young bovine'; cf. also Gr moskhos poo^o^ =
'young steer' [Wn/B§k/F/K/IF//JJ//HH//B] <ga;
golik; k’endik>mozik II = dim. of moz I.
mozqirtk Jjj ijj^ (A) = wasp. See moza qirtik under
moz I[l].
muft (B) = key; lock. See mifte.
muhbet (B) = love. See muhbet.
muhtac adj. needy, lacking, in need of: -
muhtacS ft-f bHn (K) to need stg.: »Heger tu
muhtace gend qurH§a ye, rabe ji ser
kursiya z§r (L) If you are in need of a few cents,
get up from the gold chair, {also: mihtac (IFb);
mohtac (K); [mouhtadj] (JJ); cmihtac
S ’^./mitKac (HHj) < Ar muhtaj (<
. taja VIII^-Lo.1 = 'to be in need' cVh-w-j >^)
[L/JJ//K//IFB/HH] <lazim>
muhur m. (F) = seal, signet. See mor II.
mubafeze (SK) = preservation; protection. See
mihafeze.
muKbet /. (-a;-§). 1) love (K/B): -e§q H
mubbet (Z-l) do.: »Ji e§q H mubbeta Zin§ (Z-
1) Out of love for Zin; -mubbeta keseki
hilanin (Z- 2 ) •Mubbeta wan § hev hiline (Z-
2) •Stiya Zin e§q H meKbeta Mem§
hiltine (Z- 2 ); 2 ) friendship; affinity, sympathy; 3)
attention, {also: mehbet (Z- 2 ); mihbet; mihebet (K);
muhbet (B-2); [mouhabet] (JJ); <mehibbet>
(HH)1 < Ar mahabbah = 'love' (<Vh-b-b
w
wsrw = 'to love')--> T muhabbet
[Z- 1 /B//K//JJ//HH]
mukum adj. strong, sturdy. [Bw] <mehkem>
mukurhatin (TF) = to admit. See mikur.
munasib (SK) = appropriate. See minasib.
muqabil (SK) = opposite; opposed. See miqabil.
muro (SK) = man; person. See meriv.
muruzi (K) = bad mood; melancholy. See
M ft
mirHz.
musulman jU*-**-* (B/SK/F/GF) = Muslim. See
misilman.
musulmani (B/F/JJ) = Islam. See misilmani.
• •
musurman (B) = Muslim. See misilman.
musurmani (B) = Islam. See misilmani.
• •
mut o*-* (K§) = grape molasses. See mot.
mutirb v J*** (SK) = Gypsy; drummer. See mirt’ib.
mutlaq (SK/JJ) = absolutely. See mitleq.
muxabin ^1%-. (Bw/JJ) = unfortunately. See
mixabin.
muxdar = amount. See mixdar.
muxtar m. (-e; muxter, vi muxtari). 1 )
village leader, village chief; headman; 2 )
plenipotentiary (B); 3) [adj.] free, independent
(SK/IF). [also: mixtar (Z-4); [moukhtar] (JJ);
<muxtar> (HH)) (syn: k’ewxwe; k’eya) < Ar
muxtar jLd** = 'chosen one; village chief; Sor
muxtar (mixtari; muxtari) [K/IFb/B/jj/HH/SKl
muxtari f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) office or position of
village chief; execution of the office of village chief:
•Em£ v£ga te ji mixtariye derinin (Z-4)
Then we will remove you from the position of
village chief; 2) authority, power, plenary powers
(B). { also: mixtari (Z-4)) [Z-4//K/B] <muxtar>
muxdar (K/B) = amount. See mixdar.
muz (TF) = banana. See mHz.
mHj^ m. (-y§/miwe; ). a (single) hair; many
individual strands of mu make up one's p’oT (qv.)
: »Du mH ji la§§ xwe hilkirin (L) He plucked
two hairs off his [own] body: -mHy§ xinzir (B)
bristle, {also: mi II (Czr); [mou] ^ (JJ); <mu> 3-4
(HH)) Mid P moy = 'hair' (M3); P muSor mu
Za mu f = 'hair (single strand)’ (Todd)
[BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] <bisk; gill I; kezi; png’;
p’of III; tHk I>
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mug I £ 33 -* (IFb) = pricked up. See mig I.
mflg II adj. 1) puckered up (mouth, of humans)
[T buziik agizli]; 2) I also: mig II (Elk)! shut (mouth,
of humans): -Deve xwe mig bike (Elk) Shut up!
[also: devmug (Elk); mig II (Elk)) [Elk/Xrz]
muging (A/IFb/TF/OK/LC) = tweezers. See
mtigink.
miigink f.(OK/RF)/m.(Bw) ( /-e;-e/ ).
tweezers: *Ez ji bi mtiginge ketim nav pore
xwe (LC, p.5) I took a tweezers to my hair [in
search of white hairs]; -miginke miya (Bw)
tweezers (for hair); -migink§ neynoka (Bw) nail
clippers, [also: migink. m. (Bw); muging
(A/IFb/TF/OK); [moutchin (j^^/moutchink
(JJ); <mugink> (HH)) {also: rnuk’e?) P
mudlne = 'tweezers'
■ ■ a
[Bw//RZ/RF/JJ/HH//A/IFb/TF/OK/LC]
mufik (A/IF) = joint (anat.) . See movik.
mufirik J (IF) = joint (anat.) . See movik.
mufirk J(IF) = joint (anat.) . See movik.
muhi (Hk) = ant. See muri I.
♦ ♦ m ♦
m’uj j^u> (Klk) = raisin(s). See mewij.
mflk 5 §§ f(OK)/ni.(Bw) ( /-e; ). tweezers.
{also: muke§k m. (Bw)| {also: mugink) Sor muke§
- ’tweezers' [Bw//IFb/GF/OK/RZ]muke§k
in. (Bw) = tweezers. See nnlk 5 e§.
miim ^ f. ( ;-e). 1 )( svn: §ema [l] 1 wax: -mum
kirin (B) to wax; 2) ( svn: find; §ema [2]] wax
candle (B/JJ/HH). ( also: [mourn] ^ (JJ); <mum> ^
(HH)} < T mum = 'candle, wax’ [S&E/K/IF/B/HH/JJ]
<find; §emal[k]>
mur (F) = ant. See miiri I. miiri I
f.(K/B/F/Bw)/m.(OK/JB3) (-ya /;-§/ ). ant (insect),
zool. Formicidae : -meriyet bisurmana (Bw)
yellow ants; -meriyet ezidiya (Bw) red ants; -
meriyet fila (Bw) black ants, {also: meri (Bw);
meru (SK/OK); mori II (IFb-2); muhi (Hk); mur (F);
[mouri] cs23 ^ (JJ); <mori> (S ^ (HH)) {syn: gele)
[Pok. morul- 749.] ’ant’: Av maoirl-; Sgd ’m’wrC f.\
Mid P mor (M3); P murCe Sor merule
9
Za moncle m. (Todd)/mojla/morcela/morcila f
(Mai); cf. also Arm mrjiwn j'pyu.L; Rus muravei
MypaBeft ; Gr
myrmex puppq|, gen. myrmekos pupprpcos m.
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH//F//SK/0K//Bw//Hk]
muri II (IF) = bead(s). See mori I.
murik (IF) = bead(s). See mori I.
murtik Jj • (KZ) = myrtle. See mord.
milsiki f. (-ya; ). music, {also: musiqa (K[s]J;
musiqi (JB3/IF); muzik (K); muzika (B); [musiki]
(JJ)) Cf. Ar musiqa T musiki/muzik
<Gr mousike (tekhne) pou crncq (le^vr)) = ’(art) of the
Muses' < mousikos pcrucrocog = 'of the Muses’ <
MousaMoucra = 'a Muse’ [K//JB3/IF/JJ//B] <kilam;
stiran I>
musiqa (K[sJ) = music. See musiki.
musiqi (JB3/IF) = music. See rnhsiki.
mu§ek dojijfrA f. (-a; ). rocket, {also: mo§ek (OK)} <P
musak = 'little mouse, rocket'. Readily
understood by Bw, who actively use Arabic §&rQx
[(neol)VoA//OK]
mutrk (IFb/OK/RF) = murtle. See mord.
muti (A) = grape molasses. See mot.
•*
muxil (OK) = sieve. See moxil.
muz ^ f. (). banana, bot. Musa sapientum. [also:
moz III (GF/OK/AA/CB-2); muz (TF)) Mid P moz
(M3); Ar mawz --> T muz; Sor moz jj*
[Kmc-2/IFb/RZ//GF/0K/AA/CB//TF]
muzik eb.i 33 -o (K) = music. See musiki.
muzika ISbj^ (B) = music. See mflsiki.
399
N
na- b neg. pref. not, do[es] not, will not. [negative
particle prefixed to present indicative verbs;
negativizes both the present indicative and the
future, e.g., nablnim = I don't see or I won't see;
the two verbs kartn and zanln take ni- rather
than na-j {also: [na] b (JJ); <na> s (HH)! Cf. P na-.j;
Sorna-b; Za ne (Todd)
[M/BX/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <me-; ne-; ni- >
na b adv. no. [also: ne (SK); [na] b (JJ); <no' cjp/no p>
(HH)) syn: nexer) Sor ne & nexer f^ere)
[K/IFb/B/JJ/TF//SK//HH]
nabeyn ^Ajb (BX) = between; interval. Seenavbeyn.
naben Cr^ 1 - 5 = between. See navbeyn [2].
nabos ^Jjb f. (-a;-e). cul de sac, dead end. [Frq]
<kolan II; re; zaboq; zikak>
nagar jU.b (IFb/TF/OK)/nag’ar jGb (K[s]) = obliged,
forced. See negar.
naga Ifb = now. See niha.
nagon c j^b (Msr) = heifer. See nogin.
naha bbb (B) = now. See niha.
naka 15b = now. See niha.
nal Jb f. (-a;~e). horseshoe: *Ji Stembole min
guhark’eke kiriye guhi ji batmaneke,
xeleqa we du min e, nala aseni (JBl-A,
#139) In Istanbul I put in his ear an earring that
weighed a batman, the hoop of which is two
maunds, shaped like a horseshoe *Mi nalek dit,
ma hespeki u se nala (Dz-anec #21) Pve found
one horseshoe, now all I need is a horse and three
more horseshoes [expression like our c One down
and (three) to go’]; -nal kirin (K) to shoe fa horse),
{also: ne’l (B); [nal] J*a (JJ); <nal> Jb (HH)) < Ar
Y
na‘l = 'shoe, horseshoe'; Sor nal Jb; Za nale m.
(Todd) (K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK//B] <hesp; Sol>
nalbend jj<^Jb ni. (). blacksmith, one who shoes
horses; farrier: •Bexdo him beyt’are, him
nalbende (FK-kk-13:126) Beghdo is both a
veterinarian and a blacksmith, [also: ne’lbend (B);
[nal-benda (G)/nawl-band (Rh)] AjJba (JJ);
<nalbend> j^Jb (HH)) {syn: solbend) Cf. P
Y
naTband A^-Jbu; Sor nalbend j^Jb = 'farrier, shoe-
smith' [nalbendi; ne’lbendi)
[Bw/K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK//B//JJ] <hesinger;
hedad>
nalbendi f. ( ;-y§). profession of a
blacksmith, shoeing horses; profession of a farrier.
♦
o
• r
{also: ne’lbendi (B)) {syn: solbendi) [IFb/TF//B]
<nalbend>
nalg*e A^Jb f. (*a; ). metal piece attached to sole or
heel of shoe as reinforcement: # Nalga sola we
§iqitiye (Ks) The metal piece fell off her shoe.
{also: [nalja] *=bba (JJ)) <Ar naT = 'shoe 1 +
P -ce ^ dim. suffix; ~> T nalga [Ks/A//JJ]
nalenal Jb Jb f. ( ;-e). groan, moan, {also:
<nalenal> JUb (HH)) {syn.* axin)
[K/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF] <nalm>
nali ^b (SK) = moaning. See nalin [2].
nalin <jJb vi. (-nal-). 1 ) to moan, groan; to lament,
bewail: *Xece, tu bi we k’eserS ku pe
dik’ali u dinali, niha nezike, ne dtire (IS-
#271) Khej, you and your grieving! The one you
are pissing and moaning' about is nearby, he is not
far off; 2) {also: nali (SK); nalin! (IS/K)) (syn: axin;
nalenal) [f.] moaning, groaning: *Nerin go
nalineke kur ji bine bire t§ (L) They noticed
a deep moaning coming from the bottom of the
well, {also: [nalin] ^yJb (JJ); cnalin ^yJb (dinali)
C L5 Jbj}> (HH)) Cf. P nalldan jjJb; Sor nalin (jJb
= 'to moan, whimper'; Za nalena [nalayi§] (Srk)
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//SK//IS]
nalini ^^b (IS/K) = moaning. See nalin [2].
■ ■
nam ^b (B/Ba2) = damp. See nem.
namayi ^Lb (B) = dampness. See nemayi.
nam*e A_*b /. ( ;•§). letter (correspondence) , epistle.
{also: neme; [name] A*b (JJ)) { syn: k’axez [2];
mek’t’ub) Mid P namag = 'book, letter’ (M3); P
name A_*b; Sor name *^b = 'letter, book'; Za name f.
(Todd) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF]
namil 0 Lb /. (-a;-e). upper part of back; shoulder
blades, area between the shoulders (JJ): •§ivek
ki§and namila de (J) He fastened a stick to his
mother's back [when hooking her up to the plow
instead of an ox-folktale], {also: navmil (IFb/B/GF-
2 /TF); [na-mil] JJj (JJ)) {syn: pi I) < nav = 'between'
+ mil - ’shoulder' |j/K/jj/GF//iFh/B/TF] <mil>
namil fire o^ J_*b (GF) = broad-shouldered. See
navmilfire.
namfts ^^b /. (-a;-e). (sexual) honor,
respectability; "Namus, which is a concept used by
Turks and Iranians in very much the same was as
‘ir<J of the women among pastoralists in Egypt and
hurma or haram among the Kabyles in Algeria,
400
N
can be lost (by women's misconduct), and men are
vulnerable to such loss: the sharaf of the men [nif
among the Kabyles] must be asserted publicly to
protect namus" [adapted from: John Gulick. The
Middle East: An Anthropological Perspective
(Pacific Palisades, Calif. : Goodyear, 1976), pp.
209-10]: »Ewe ser§ zistane ye, ne§§yn bo gi
ciyan biKel£yn. Qare-y me ewe ye, fietta
y£k ji me maye dest hel-inin, bila bi
namus mefiw bibin (SK 48:484) Now it is the
beginning of winter and we cannot flee to any
other place. Our only solution is to fight to the last
man. Let us be destroyed with honour *Ez islebe
wan ji wan bidizim, we namUsa wan
bi§ke, guneh e (L) If 1 stole their weapons from
them, it would ruin their honor, it would be a sin
(or, a disgrace) *Nave gund namfisa gund e
(AB) The village’s name is the village's honor
[prv.]. (also: namusi (B-2); [namous] ^^b (JJ)J
(syn: §eref) < Gr nomos vopo^ = 'law' --> P namus
[K/A/IFb/JJ/B/SK/GF] <’erz; fez II; §eref>
namusi ^^b (B) - sexual honor. See namus.
••
nan m. (-e; nen/nin [B], vi nani). 1) bread:
-nane ceh (B) barley bread; -nane garis (B)
millet bread; -nane gaven/geven (B) flat cake
given to cattleherd as payment by cattle owner;
-nane genim (B) wheat bread; -nane hingivi
(IF) honeycomb; -nane k’artu/nane koleki (B)
stale bread; -nane me§a (IFb) honeycomb;
-nane re§ (B) black bread; -nane sipi (B) white
bread; -nane tenure (IF) freshly baked oven
bread; 2) food; meal: *Tu nexebiti, ze’ve te
nen nade te! (J) [If) you don’t work, your son-in-
law (or, brother-in-law) won't give you bread (or,
food)!; -nan xwarin = to eat. have a meal [cf.
Albanian Line ha bake = I have a meal, lit. ’I eat
bread’]; *Nane xwe dani ber xwe nan xwar
(Dz) He took his bread (or, food) out and ate;
-nane evare (B) supper, evening meal; -nane
nivro (B) lunch, noon meal (svn: firavin;
nawerok (A)); -nan£ sib§ (B) breakfast, [also:
[nan] ^b (JJ); <nan> <jb (HR)} Cf. P nan jb; Sor nan
gb; Za nan m. = 'bread (general); food' & nan f. =
’loaf of bread’ (Todd); Hau nan m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <genim; girde I;
lo§>
nanozik J_gpb (B) = hand-to-mouth. See nanziki.
nanoziko jT^b (K/B) = hand-to-mouth. See nanziki.
nanpej _£Lob m. Q. baker, bread maker: «Nan bide
nanp§ja, nanek ji zede bide (Z-1117) Give
the bread to the bakers, [and] give an extra loaf
[prv.]. [also: [nan-pyj] 3 ~Jb (JJ); <nanpej> ji~jb
(HH)} Cf. P nanpaz>-3b; =Sor nanewa 1j<ob
(nanpeji) [Z/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/AD//JJ]
nanpeji ^^jLjb f. ( ;-ye). baker’s profession.
[GF/TF] <nanpej>
nanuzik J^b (JBl-A) = hand-to-mouth. See nanziki.
nanzik Jj^b (GF) = hand-to-mouth. See nanziki.
nanzde ojj^b (M-Am & Bar) = nineteen. See nozdeh.
nanziki zdv. hand-to-mouth; just barely
making ends meet: -[bi] nanziki xebitin
(IFb)/nanozik[o] xebitin (B) to earn just enough
to fill one's belly, to eke out a living: *Ji van
peran mehrum buyi, ji begaviye,
zivistane, ez li cem xelke nanziki xebitim
(E§, p. 18) Deprived of money, with no alternative,
in the winter I worked hand-to-mouth for people.
( also: nanozik (B); nanoziko (K/B-2); nanuzik (JB1-
A); nanzik (GF)) < nan = 'bread' + zik = 'stomach,
belly’ [E§/IFb//GF//K/B//JBl-A]
nareng Jiojb (GF) = sour orange. See narinc.
narinc ^3jb f. ( ;-e). bitter orange, Seville or sour
orange, bot. Citrus aurantium: -dara narince (K)
bitter orange tree, [also: nareng (GF-2); naring (GF-
2); narinc (B); [narindj] ^3jb (JJ)) < P naranj jb =
'sour orange'; Sor narinc ^ijb
[AA/K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//B] clalengi; p’irteqal>
narincok Jj^jb f. (). hand grenade. Cf. P naranjak
jb; Sor narincok jb [A/IFb/GF/OK/AA]
naring jb (GF) = sour orange. See narinc.
naringi ^jb (OK/AA) = mandarin orange. See
• •
lalengi.
narin ^jb adj. 1 ) [syn; jar I; lawaz; lexer; nazik; qels
I; zeyf; zirav I) slender, thin; 2) delicate; graceful.
[narini) [K(s)/JB3/IFb/B/TF]
narinc ^jb (B) = sour orange. See narinc.
narini ^jb f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) slenderness, thinness; 2)
grace, gracefulness, elegance. [K/B/GF] <narin>
nas ^b adj. acquainted, familiar: -nas kirin
(B/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK): a) to know, be acquainted
with (cf. Germ kennen, Fr connaitre, Sp conocer, T
tanimak, P senaxtan Q^-Li) [also: nasin
(M/JBl/K); <naskirin ^yX-b (nasdike) C^^-b^
(HH)}: -xwe dan nas kirin = to introduce o.s.:
•Tu dikari bi kurtayi xwe bidi naskirin?
(Ber) Can you briefly introduce yourself?; b) to
401
N
recognize: *Ew§ nerl go lawe we ye, nas kir
(L) She saw that it was [lit. ’is'] her son, she
recognized [him]; -ji hev nas kirin = to
distinguish, tell apart: *Ez wan ji hev nas
nakim = I can't tell them apart, {also: nasyar
(MK); niyas (Bw); [nas] ^b (JJ); <nas> ^b (HH)} See
etymology under nasin. (naseti; nasini; nas[t]i}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/TF] See also nasyar.
naseti (A) = acquaintance. See nasi.
nasi ^b f. (-ya;-ye). acquaintance, familiarity;
knowledge: -nasiya xwe dayin (B) to meet,
become acquainted with s.o. {also: naseti (A);
nasini (JB3); nasti (K) } [K/A/B//JB3] <nas>
nasin ^y^b vt. (-nas-; neg. nenas- [M/Zeb]). 1] to
know, be acquainted with (cf. Germ kennen, Fr
connaitre, Sp conocer, T tanimak, P senaxtan
Qj.i. Hi|: •Derwe§ ’All got, "Hung §ex Reza§
Kerkfik§ dinasin?" Hemiyan gotin [sic],
"Bele, gak dinasin. Muroeki gelek ’alim u
fazil e." (SK 60:728) Darwish Ali said, "Do you
know Sheikh Reza of Kerkuk?" Everyone said,
"Yes, we know him well. He is a very wise and
virtuous fellow"; -dan nasin (IFb) to define; to
introduce; to identify; 2) to recognize: •Hek’o te
av bo min ina tu 1 Tasta singe wi raweste u
bi i§areta gava beje min: Eveye, da
biniyasim (JBl-A) When you bring me water,
stand right in front of him and tell me with a wink
of the eye: This is him, so that 1 recognize him [or,
know which one he is], {also: nas kirin
(B/IFb/GF/TF/OK); naysin (Hk); niyasin (JBl-A);
nyasin (M-2/Zx/Bw); [nasin] ^-b (JJ); cnaskirin
( jjSLb (nasdike) ((HH)} [Pok. 2. gen-/gena-
/gne-/gno- 376.] 'to know, recognize' + -sko-: O Ir
*xsna- (Tsb 45): Av xsna-, e.g., zixsnaiahamna -
'those who want to learn'; OP xsna-, e.g., xsnasatiy
= 'he shall recognize'; P asina Ljd = acquainted &
Senaxtan (-senas-) = 'to know (a
person)'; Sor nasin b; Za slasnena/snasnena
(Srk); Hau ejnasay (ejnas-) vt. (M4); cf. also Lat
gnosco, -ere; Gr gignOskoyvyvcoaKau Eng know
[M/JB 1/K/IFb/JJ/JB 1 -S / SK/
GF/TF/OK/Zeb//Hk//JBl-A//Zx/Bw] See nas: -
nas kirin.
nasini ^y-^b (JB3) = acquaintance. See nasi.
Av
nasti U (K) = acquaintance. See nasi.
nasyar jLJj adj. 1) familiar, acquainted; 2) [m.&f.]
acquaintance, person one knows. [MK/A/IFb/GF]
<nas>
na§i ^b adj. 1) {syn: cahil; nestel; nezan; xam]
av
young, inexperienced, naive, "greenhorn"; a
novice, beginner: *Le ... rast e salen min ne
ewqas zede ne ku ez bibejim ez pir jiyame
ft min gelek ditiye ... tene §e§ salan ji te
mezintir im. Le ... ez ne meriveki ewqas ji
na§i me (Lab, p.9) But it’s true that my years are
not so many that I can say I have lived a long time
and seen a great deal ... I'm only six years older
than you. But I'm not such an inexperienced
person either; 2) [m. ().] teenager, youngster (£nr).
{also: na§in (Qzl/FJ); [nachi] ^b (JJ)} < Ar na§i’ ^b
= 'growing, youngster, junior' < Vn-s-’
[Qzl/FJ//Lab/K/A/IFb/GF/OK/gnr]
na§in ^y^b (Qzl/FJ) = young, inexperienced. See na§i.
nav I Ob m. (-e; ). 1) (syn: ism} name: -nav
li.../ser... kir i n/dan/d anin = to name, call,
give a name to {also: navkirin}; -ser nav£ ...
(Ba2) by the name of...; 2) reputation: -nav u
deng = fame, renown; -bi nav fi deng = famous;
3) noun, substantive (gram.) : -nave hevedudani
(JB3/IFb) compound noun; -nave heyin§ (K/B)
substantive; -*nave nenerbaran (IFb)/~razber
(JB3/IFb) abstract noun, {also: naw (SK); [naw] Ob
(JJ); <nav> Ob (HH)} [Pok. en(o)mn-/on(o)mn-
/nomn- 321.] 'name': Skt naman- n.; O Ir *naman-:
Av & Old P naman-; Mid P nam (M3); P nam pb;
Sor naw 3 b; Za name m. (Todd); Hau name f. (M4);
cf. also Gr onoma ovopcx, -tos n. & Lat nomen, n.
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/ B/JJ/HH/JB1-A&S/GF/TF//SK]
ccinav; pa§nav; p’irenav; serenav>
nav II Ob f./m.(BK) (-a/ ;-§/nev [BK]). 1) milieu,
middle, center, interior: *BHk sibe rabU, nava
mal§ gezikir (J) The bride got up in the morning
[and] swept the interior of the house; -di w£ nav§
(L) in this manner: *Deh ro di we nav§ giln (L)
Ten days passed in this manner; -ji nav birin
(GF/Dh) to eliminate, do away with; -tiliya nav&
(K)/[tellye nave] (JJ-PS)/tiliya navin (IF)/^n§vi
(Msr) middle finger {syn: t[’]iliya ort’e}; 2) (syn:
newq} waist; 3) {also: navik (B); <navik> dsb
(HH)} navel, belly button (B/HH). {also: [naw] Ob
(JJ); <nav> Ob (HH)} [Pok 1. (enebh-) embh-/ombh-
/nObh- (nebh-?)/mbh- 314.] 'navel, central knob',
proto IE *Hon-bh- / *Hne/obh-: Skt ndbhya-
402
N
n./nabhi- f. = 'navel': Iranian forms exhibit
anomalous -f- in *naf-: Av nafO; P naf jb; cf. also
Lat umbilicus; Gr omphalos 6 ^ 40 X 65
[BX/K/A/jB3/lFb/B/BK/]j/HH/GF] <hindur; navend>
nav III J’b prep. 1 } in, into, to (motion toward) :
• Digine nava gund (Dz) They go to the village
• Gavan u jina xwe daketin nav gund (L)
The cowherd and his wife went down to the village
• Min d! denek ji tate hat, kete nav gem (L)
I saw a cauldron come from the rock, [it] went in
[lit. 'fell to’] the river •fivare kur k’etne nava
ciya (Ba) In the evening the boys got in bed; 2 ) in
the middle of, at the center of, inside: *nava
gund (BX) in the middle of the village; -nava ft-f
da (Z-l) in the midst of: *nava nerehetiyeda
(Z-l) uncomfortable [lit. ’in the midst of
discomfort']; 3) {also: niv [3]) between, among,
amid: *Ez digfim nav gundiyen xwe (BX) I
walked among my [fellow] villagers, {also: nava;
[naw/naf] Jb (JJ)} [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B]
nav IV Jib f. (;-e). diarrhea; dysentery: -nav gun
(K)/nav hatin (B) to suffer from diarrhea or
dysentery. \syn: nave§; zikgun) [K/B/GF//HH]
nava ISb = into. See nav III.
navber j*Jb f. (-a;-e). 1 ) middle; 2 ) [ syn: navbeyn)
interval: -di we navbere da = in the meantime:
•Di we navber§ da m§rike koger giroka
xwe u dirende ji yeki dikangi ra dibeje
(JB 2 -O.Sebri/Rnh 14[1943] 8-9) In the meantime,
the nomadic man tells the story about himself and
the wild animal to a shopkeeper; 3) [syn: navbeyn)
[prep.] between, among: -di navbera ft-i de =
between: *di navbera me de (JB3) between us
•di navbera erd u ezman de (BX) between
earth and sky •Mem ft Zin xwe li texteki
dir&j kirin. Memi §ftre xwe dani navbera
xwe u Zine, da ko beriya mehire tu ti§te
ne§er! di navbera wan de neqewimit (SW)
Mem and Zin lay down in bed. Mem put his sword
between himself and Zin, so that nothing unlawful
might occur between them before the wedding; -ji
navbera ... - between, among; -li navbera ...
= do. [BX/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF]
navbeyn ^ f. (-a; ). 1) {also: nabeyn (BX/K))
[syn: navber) interval; 2 ) {also: naben) [syn:
navber) [prep.] between, among: *di navbeyna
me ft we de (BX) between us and you; -ji
nabeyna/nabSna (BX) from among; -li
nabeyna/nabena (BX) among: *Li nab£na me
dan ft standin hebfi (BX) There were relations
between us. Cf. Ar ma bayna ^ L = 'that which is
between’ [BX//K(s)/JB3/IFb/GF]
navbir ^Jb (B) = break; interruption. See navbiri.
navbiri f. (-ya;-y§). 1 ) break, recess, pause:
-navbiriya firavine (K) lunch break; 2) interval,
space, gap; interruption: -be navbiri (B) without
interruption; -navbiri dan fk-§/ft-f (XF/K): a) to
interrupt, cut s.o. off: *Hevale Babayan dike,
ko Kal ft. k’efe we pirs bike, 1£ ez disa
n[a]vbiriye didime (K2-Ferxk) Comrade
Babayan was about to ask her how she was doing,
but once again I interrupted him; b) to divide into
pieces or parts, [also: navbir (B)) <nav II = 'center,
middle' + bir- = 'to cut’ [K2-Ferik//K/XF//B]
navg’av jLJ'b f.(Rnh)/m.(K/OK) (-a/ ; ). forehead,
brow: •Beri ko §er xwe baveje ser wi,
kogere earner dare xwe di navgava §£r da
ledixe (JB2-O.Sebri/Rnh 14[1943] 8-9) Before the
lion pounces on him, the brave nomad strikes the
lion in the forehead [lit. ’the lion’s forehead'] with
his stick, {syn: ’em; ne’tik) [JB2/Rnh/K/IFb/GF/OK]
navdar jU'b adj. 1) [syn: *binav u deng) known, well
known, prominent, famous; 2) of good reputation.
(navdari) [Ber/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF]
navdari ^IJb f (;-ye). 1) [syn: nav u deng) fame,
• •
renown; 2) granting accreditation, lending credence
(to) (JJ). [also: [naw-dari] ^Ub (JJ)) [IFb/B/GF]
<navdar>
navdeng c^doJ'b (K) = fame. See nav il deng.
navend jj J'b f. (-a;-e). center (lit. & fig.) ; middle: -
Navenda Nhgeyan (Wit) News Center. Sor
nawend jJo^b = ’middle’ [(neol?)WIt/K/IFb/TF]
<nav II; niv; nivi; ort 5 e>
naverast oJjAi’U f. (-a;-e). center, middle, {syn: nxv
[2]; nivi) Sor nawerast o[K(s)/IFb]
naverok JjjJ b f. (-a; ). 1 ) contents: *Roja Nti,
rojnamek hefteyi ya siyasi bft. L6 gava
em li naveroka we dinerin, em dibinin
ciy6 ku daye war§ edebi ft folklori ji y6
n^ge ft gotar§n siyas! ne kdmtir e (RN-intro)
Roja Nu was a political weekly newspaper. But
when we look at its contents, we see that the space
given to the fields of literature and folklore are not
less than that [given to] news and political
reporting; 2) table of contents, [syn: neta k’itSbS
403
N
(F); p’efist; serecema k’itebe (F)}
[(neol)Ber/RN/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF]
nav§§ f (;-e). 1) { syn: nav IV; zikgun} diarrhea;
dysentery; 2 ) stomachache (IFb/A). {also: nave§i (B-
2 ); <nave§> Jib (HH)) [A/IFb/B/HH/GF]
nave§i ^jJb (B) = diarrhea. See nave§.
navgin (jjSb f Q. means, vehicle, medium:
-navginen hilberine (Wit) means of production.
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF] <p’ergal II>
navik Jib f.(K/B)/m.(JB3) (-a/ ;-§/). 1 ) {also: nav
II[3]} navel, belly-button: -nevik birin (IF) to cut
the umbilical cord: *(Qey dibe te) navka min
biriye (XF) As if you were older than me [lit. 'as if
you cut my umbilical cord 1 ]; 2 ) {also: nev (JBl-S)l
center, middle (A/JB3/JB1-S). {also: nav II; nevik
(IF- 2 ); [naw Jb/nawik Jib] (JJ); <navik> Jib (HH)|
[S&E/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
navin ^Jb adj. middle, central; intermediate:
-Ciriya navin (JB3) November {syn: (Jriya evel
(K); Qiriya pa§in (IF/B); (Jriya pe§in (K); [tchiriia
pachi] ^jb b^D- (JJ)}; -Rojhilata Navin = the
Middle East; -tiliya navin (IF) middle finger.
{also: tiliya nave (K)/~nevi (Msr)/[teliye nave]
(JJ-PS)} {syn: t[’]iliya ort’e}. [K/IFb/GF/TF] <nav II;
pa§in; pe§in>
nav* kirin jj3b vt. (nav-k-). to name, call by
name, give a name to: *Eva gunda ser nave
Miste Kalo hatye navkirine seba we yeke,
ku ... (Ba 2 ) This village was called by the name of
M.K. because ... {also: nav le kirin (GF)} [Ba2//GF]
<navI>
nav le kirin Jb (GF) = to name. See navkirin.
navmil JJ'b (IFb/B/GF/TF) = upper part of back. See
namil.
navmilfire oj JJ'b adj . broad-shouldered: •Memo
m£reki bejnbilindi navmilfireyi d@mqemer
bu (Ba 2 :l, p.204) Memo was a man tall of stature,
broad-shouldered, dark complected, {also: namil
fire (GF)} [Ba2/B//GF]
navnet’ewayi ^oJ <ui'b (Haz) = international. See
navneteweyi.
navneteweyi adj. international: *Dive
civata navneteweyi alikariya Kurdan bike
(Wit 1:37, p.16) The international community must
help the Kurds. { also: navnet’ewayi (Haz);
navnetewi (IFb)} [Haz//Wlt/IF//IFb] <net’ewe>
navnetewi ^*3 «usb (IFb) = international. See
navneteweyi.
navnigan ^jbuJ'b m.(K)/f.(JB3/IF) ( /-a; ). l) sign,
token, mark(ing); 2) address; 3) biographical data
(K). {also: nav u ni§an (Z-l)} [Ber/K/A/JB3/IF]
navno jj'b m. ( ). 1) kvetch, complainer; 2)
someone with a bad reputation: -navno bfln (A)
to have a bad reputation; -navno kirin (A/GF/FJ)
to give s.o. a bad reputation, to ruin s.o.'s
reputation, {also: [naw-nou]^Jb (JJ))
[Rwn/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/FJ]
navfan Jb f.(Bw/K/OK)/m.(Klk ) (-a/-e; ). 1)
perineum, inside of thighs, crotch (K/GF/OK/Zeb);
2) {syn; peyk; p’esir [3]} baggy part of a pair of
shalvar (Klk/IFb/GF); crotch (of a pair of pants)
(Bw). {also: [naw-ran] q )Jb (JJ)} <nav = 'middle' +
ran = 'thigh' [Klk/Bw/Zeb/K/IFb/JJ/GF/OK]
navser b (TF) = middle-aged. See navsera.
navsera 1 j^uib adj. advanced in years, middle-aged,
aged: *Ew meriki navseraye (K) He is a man
advanced in years, {also: navser (TF); navsere (K2-
Ferik); [naw-ser] ^J'b (JJ)} [K2-Ferik//K//JJ/TF] <kal
I; pir>
navsere oj<\J'b (K2-Ferik) = middle-aged. See navsera.
navtang JjUb (TF) = waist; bellyband. See navteng.
navteng Jj^J'b f. (-a; -e). 1) {syn: be jn) waist,
middle; 2) {syn: keji; kolan I; qo§ [1]} saddle girth,
bellyband, band tied around a beast of burden’s
belly to hold a saddle in place : *[dest§ xwe avet
naftenga mahine §idand] (PS-II, #34) He
touched the mare’s saddle girth and pulled it. {also:
navtang (TF); navtenk (A); teng II; [naftang] J-uib
(PS-II); [naw-tenk] J_J'b (JJ)}
[PS-II//K/IFb/B/GF/OK//A/JJ//TF] <teng II>
navtenk JjoJ'b (A/JJ) = waist; bellyband. See
navteng.
navudeng JjojJ'b (GF) = fame. See nav H deng.
nav u deng JjoOj, Jb/navtideng JjojJ'b [A] m.
(-§; ). fame, renown: -bi nav u deng = famous.
See binav ft deng. {also: navdeng (K); navudeng
(GF)} [IFb//A//GF//K]
nav u ni§an j Jb (Z-l) = mark(ing); address. See
navni§an.
naw jb (SK) = name. See nav I.
naxer JJb (K/A/IFb/JBl-A&S/OK) = no. See nexer.
naxir ^b f. (-a;-e). herd of cattle: *Boxek heye
nav naxira minda (J) There is an ox in my herd.
{also: [nakhyrj^sb (JJ); <naxir> _jb (HH)} [syn:
garan) [J/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH] <ga; keri II>
naxt ooJj (JB 1 -S/JJ-Rh) = bride-price. See next.
404
N
nayin ^b vt. (-ne-/-n-). to copulate with, fuck: •E
te nim (Msr) [I] fuck you [insult] •Mi[n] di
mejiye have te niya/ga (Haz) [A curse: lit. ’I
fucked your father’s head'] •Wellah, eze di
gora have gwik nim! (L) By God, I’ll defile the
grave of the father of that sparrow! [curse], {also:
nihandin (GF); niyandin (IFb); niyin (IFb-2); nihan
(A); nihandin (A); niyan (Haz/Msr)) [syn; gan I;
k’utan) Za nana [nayi$] (Srk)
[BX?/K//Haz/Msr//IFb//A//GF]
naynik Glqb (Plt-Cambek tribe) = mirror. See nenik I.
naysin ^y~-ub (Hk) = to know. See nasin.
nazani jb (B) = gentle, graceful. See nazenin.
%•
nazde ojjb (JBl-A) = nineteen. See nozdeh.
nazenin jb adj. gentle, graceful, delicate,
beautiful: •Bengine xulam, ez ku su £ aleki ji
v@ nazenin^ bikem, izna te heye? (MC-1)
Bengin my boy, do I have your permission to ask
that gentle one a question? {also: nazani (B);
<nazenin> jb(HH)} Cf. P nazanin ^ jb =
'delicate, tender; lovely, amiable; nice, fine' --> T
nazenin = coy; spoiled; delicate; rascal'; Sor
nazenin ^Jojb = 'graceful' [MC-i/K(s)/A/lF/llH//B]
nazik Jjb adj. 1) {svn : narin} delicate, gentle, slender;
2) elegant, fancy, {also: [nazik] Gjb (JJ); <nazik>
Jjb (HH)| Mid P nazuk = 'tender, gentle, fickle'
(M3); P nazok Jjb = 'thin, delicate, tender'; Sor
nazik Jjb/nasik e*Lb = 'tender, gentle, delicate'
(nazikayi; nazikij [Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
SK/GF/TF]
nazikayi ^ISjb (B) = gentleness; elegance. See naziki.
naziki ^b f. (). l) | syn: runermi) gentleness; 2)
elegance, {also: nazikayi (B)) [A/IFb/GF/TF//B]
<nazik>
naz d ne’met 3 jb/naz d nemet j jb
[K] (). good foods, victuals; "a feast": •Herge naz
d ne’mete xarine dine hebu, t’emam Pop
kir, t’iji me§oke we kir (EP-5, #13) She
gathered up all the finest foods, and filled her sack
with them •Kevaniya male hezar Puleyi naz
d ne’met hazirkiribd (XF) The lady of the
house had prepared a thousand types of good
foods. [EP-5/XF//K] <xurek; xwarin>
ne- neg. pref. not, did not, may not Inegative
particle prefixed to past tense and present
subjunctive verbs (and optionally to imperatives,
which also take me e.g., Nabinim = I don't see
or I won't see; [Bila] nebinim = Lest I see, that I
may not see; Min nedit = I didn't see; Nebine or
Mebtne = Don't seel. [K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF] <na;
na-; ni->
ne co adv. 1) not: ^Go ne ew be, kes nikare (L) If
he can't no one can [lit. 'if not he be']; -ne ... ne =
neither ... nor: •Ne ew d ne keski din (L)
Neither he nor anyone else; 2) no (SK). See na.
{also: [ne] *3 (JJ)] Za ne (Todd)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF] <na; nexer>
neba§ ^yb co a dj. bad: *di nav ve rew§a neba§ da
(Ber) in this bad situation, [syn; nexwe§ [2]; xirab
[1]] [Ber/K/GF]
nebi ^<0 (F) = grandchild. See nevi.
• •
nebirani f. (-ya; ). craving, hankering (for
» m
particular foods, of pregnant women): -
nebiraniya ft-i kirin (Qzl) to crave, have a
hankering for (ofpregnant women). [Qzl/GF]
nebdyi pi, false accusation, slander: *Nebdya
• •
nexe stuye min (Msr) Don’t slander me [lit.
'Don’t throw things that never were onto my neck'],
(syn; neweyi (Msr)) < ne- = ’not’ + bu = 'was 1 4- -yi
= abstract noun suffix : something that was not, i.e.,
did not happen [Msr/TF] <derew>
negar/neg’ar [K/B] jL-co adj. obliged, compelled,
coerced, forced; having no alternative; helpless:
•£u zemanan deh sal li-dd-yek negdne ku
li ciyeki mezineki Kurdan ji zulm d
te'eddiya ’Usmaniyan negar nebubit bi
e§qiyatiye yan Helatine bo-naw dewleteki
di yan bi §er kirine Hetta mefiw buy (SK
56:639) At no time have ten years on end gone by
without some Kurdish leader in some place having
been obliged, by the oppression and tyranny of the
Ottomans, to take either to rebellion or flight to
another state or fighting to the death «Nagar bin—
gi ji wana nehat, edi—ser qesa xo man d
nezivirinve (M-Zx #775) They bad no
alternative—there was nothing else they could do-
so they stood by their word and did not go back
on it. {also: nagar (IFb-2/TF/OK); nag’ar (K[sj); [na-
tchar/ne-cdr (Lx)] jb*; (JJ)) {syn: mecbur) Cf. P nabar
jG-b = 'forced by necessity, compelled, helpless’;
Sor nagar jGb [SK/A/IFb/JJ/GF//K/B//TF/OK]
neder jOjdJ f. ( ;-e). outward appearance: -ndr d
neder, f. (EP-7). ?< Ar nazar - 'seeing, sight'
[EP-7/K/B]
nederbazbdyi ^j^jbjoJdu adj. intransitive: -f@l@/-a
nederbazbdyi (B/K)/f§la derbaznebdn@ (F)
405
N
intransitive verb. { syn: negerandi) [K/B]
<derbazbuyi [2]; fel II>
nedur (GF) = vow, pledge. See nezir.
nefel f. (-a; ). l) clover, trefoil, bot. Trefolium :
• M&rga me tiji nefel e (AB) Our meadow is full
of clover; 2) marjoram; jasmine [Ar samsaq
(HH/GF). [also: <nefel> Jii (HH)) Cf. Ar nafal =
’clover' [AB/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF] <cat’iri; ket>
nefer f./m.(JBl-A/F) (-a/;-e/). 1) [syn: k[’]es)
person, individual: •Nevi-nevi t’u kes, cinare
te yane ji nefere mala te min bivlnin (Ba3-
3, #6) Absolutely no one, not your neighbors or
the people of your household, may see me; 2) [m.]
warrior, soldier (K/B/JJ); 3) counting word for
people (K/JBl-S): •Em gar neferin (B) There are
four of us. [also: [nefer] (JJ)| <Ar nafar ^
[Ba3/F/K/B/JJ/JBl-S]
neft f (-a;-e). 1) oil, petroleum: •berzbllna
role nefte weku berhemeke sereki ji bo
p§§ketina abilr! (Metin 62[1997]:25) the
increase of the role of oil as a main product for
economic advancement; 2) match(es) (for lighting
fires) (Ag/HH). See neftik. [also: nefte (JBl-A); nift
(Ag); nivt (B-2); [nafta (G)/naft (Rh)] 1ujj (JJ); <neft>
kaj (HH)| Gr naphtha v<x<|>9<x~> Ar naft k&; Sor
newt = mineral oil'; Za neft m. (Mai); Hau
newte f. = ’oil' (M4) [F/K/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF// JBl-
A//JJ//HH] <neftik>
nefte (JBl-A) = oil. See neft.
neftik obi *o / (a; ). match(es) (for lighting fires).
[also: nift (Ag); niftek (GF); niftik (IFb); <neft> ki3
(HH)| (syn: k’irpit) [Msr//Ag//GF//IFb//HH] <agir;
cigare; neft; qelun>
negerandi adj. intransitive: -lekera
negerandi (IFb) intransitive verb, [syn:
nederbazbuyi) [(neol)IFb] <gerandi; leker>
neh a*o num. nine, 9. [also: nehe; [nou^j/neh .0 1 (JJ);
<neh> (HH)} [Pok e-neuen/neun/enun 318.]
'nine': Skt nava; O Ir *nawa: Av nava- (neun); Mid
P no (M3); P noh «o; Sor no jp; Za new (Todd); Hau
no (M4) [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] cnehek; not;
nozdeh>
neha adj. ninth: •roja neha (B) the ninth day.
[also: nehan (K-2/IFb); nehem (A/IFb-2); nehemin
(IFb-2); nehe (JBl-A); ne(h)ye (JBl-S); [nehi
^/nahne Ls ^ (Rh)] (JJ)j Cf. P nahom Sor
noyem[in] Za newin (Todd)
[F/K/B//IFb//A//JB1-A//JB1-S//JJ] <neh>
nehan jLtaj (K/IFb) = ninth. See neha.
nehberk j f. Q. game played with nine (9)
small stones [T dokuzta§]. { also: <nehberk>
(HH)} [(A)/IFb/HH/JB 1-S/GF/TF/OK]
nehe = nine. See neh.
\
nehek (GF) = a riinth. See neh@k.
nehem ^.^*0 (A/IFb) = qinth. See neha.
nehemin (IFb) = ninth. See neha.
nehesid (B) = nine hundred. See nehsed.
nehe (JBl-A) = ninth. See neha.
• •
nehek oh >*0 f. (-a; ). a ninth, 1/9. [also: nehek (GF))
Sor no-yek (Sulaimania & Kerkuk) /no-yek
Jk^(Arbil) [Zeb//GF]
nehelan (Bw/Zeb) = to destroy. See ne«hi§tin.
nehengol (Bw) = heifer. See nogin.
nehgon c j(GF) = heifer. See nogin.
nehi§ (GF) = unconscious; crazy. See neKi§.
nehi§i (GF) = unconsciousness; craziness. See
neKi§i.
ne*hi§tin vt. neg. (na»hel-). 1) {syn:
hilwe§andin; xirab kirin) to destroy, annihilate,
exterminate: *Ez yek kevireki tene ji ku ji
cih nehatibe livandin, nahelim (CTV260) I
will not leave a single stone = I will destroy every
single stone that has not been moved; 2) to forbid,
prohibit, hinder, prevent: «Le§keran gava girt
ser mala min nehi§t heya niv§ §evS ez §ir
bidim wi (AW79A3) When the soldiers occupied
my house, they wouldn't let me [=prevented me]
from giving him milk until midnight, [also: nehelan
(Bw/Zeb)) [K/IFb/GF/TF/OK//Bw/Zeb]
nehit <^-**0 (TF) = boulder. See neKit.
nehk (Hk/GF) = chickpea. See nok.
nehsed num. nine hundred, 900. [also:
nehesid (B); nehsid (B-2); ne-sed (SK)} Cf. P nohsad
; Sor nosed [A//B//SK]
nehsid (B) = nine hundred. See nehsed.
nehtik (GF) = forehead, brow. See ne’tik.
nehwet cZ*r&<K> (Hk) = ninety. See not.
nehye (JBl-S) = ninth. See neha.
neKi§ adj. 1) unconscious: -neKi§ k’etin (J) to
lose consciousness, faint; 2) [syn: din II; §et] mad,
crazy, insane. < ne = ’not' + Hi§ = ’sense' [also: nehi§
(GF)) [nehi§i] [J/K//GF] <gej>
nehi§i f. Q. 1) unconsciousness; 2) [syn: dinayi;
§etij craziness, insanity, madness, [also: nehi§i (GF)(
[K//GF] <gejti; nehi§>
406
N
neEit f./m.(K) (-a/ ; ). large rock, boulder:
• Adilcewaz§ ji btr nekin ... da hftn
w§ney§n kevnar ft ent!k li ser neh!t6n
♦
keviran bibinin (SB,p.50) Don’t forget
Adilcewaz ... so that you may see the ancient
images [etched] into the boulders [of the rocks].
{also: nehit (TF); nihet (K); nihit (GF)) Cf. Ar nahit
= cut OUt, polished (stone)' [Omr//TF//K//GFj
<fer§; helan; kevir; kug’; lat; tat I>
nekKa UTaj (EP-5) = marriage. See nikha.
neks f. (-a; ). pain in one’s side or flank (below
the ribsj, from asthma , shortness of breath, or
pneumonia, {also: <neks> (HH)) { syn: tir le
rabftn) [QtrE/A/IFb/HH/GF/FJ]
nekse a^Ta3 f. (). relapse, setback; defeat, blow (e.g.,
to one's pride): •'Ereba nekse li Kurda da
(Bw) The Arabs dealt the Kurds a blow *Meksika
nekse xar (Bw) Mexico suffered a setback. <Ar
naksah a-Aj (<Vn-k-s = ’to invert, turn over,
cause a relapse') [Bw]
ne’l (B) = horseshoe. See nal.
ne’lbend (B) = blacksmith. See nalbend.
neTbendi (B) = profession of a blacksmith.
♦ %
See nalbend!.
nem ^Aj/ne’m [B] adj. wet, damp: *K’urded
gund! avayed bin c erde tariye namda, Dev
p§z ft dewer dijin (Ba2-3, p.213) The Kurdish
villagers live in dark, damp underground
dwellings, together with their sheep and cattle.
{also: nam (B-2/Ba2); nim; [nem ^j/nemi (JJ))
{syn: §il I; ter) Mid P nam = 'moisture' (M3)
{nem[ay]i; ne’mayi) [Z-l/K/JJ/GF//B//Ba2]
nema Laj verbal complement 1) no longer, no more;
often expresses the idea of stopping, ceasing: *Go
[=ko] qehwa te bifftre, ez ft tue ne ma bin
rizq& hevdu (L-I, p.8) If your coffee boils, you
and I can no longer be together [lit. ’will no longer
be each other’s sustenance or reward'] *Gur ji
nema mih u keran dixwin, bebtir mirovan dixwin
(HYma, p.29) And wolves no longer eat sheep, and
donkeys, they eat more people *Ji we roje
Hawar nema derket (BX) Since that day Hawar
[a journal] ceased publication [lit. 'did not come
out any more’] »Li me bft bft nivft §eve ft
cihetnima j! nema di§ixul! (Rnh 1:11, p. 196)
It was already past midnight and the compass
stopped working [=no longer worked]; 2) not at all.
< neg. past tense of man = 'to remain’
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/GF] <edi>
nemam m. (). slanderer, traitor: -qoms! ft
nemam (EP-7) troublemakers and slanderers.
{also: [nemam] pLj(JJ)) {syn: altax; geveze; qumsi)
< Ar nammam plL = 'slanderer' (nemam!)
[EP-7/Rwn/K/JJ]
nemam! ^Laj f Q. slander, betrayal, treason: •Ev!
• •
bi nemam! filankes ku§t (Rwn) This one killed
so-and-so as a betrayal. [K/Rwn]
ne*man ^Laj vi. neg. (na*m!n-). 1) to be
destroyed, go out of existence, become extinct,
perish; 2) [f. ( ;-e).] extinction, perdition, death:
-§ere man ft nemane (Zeb) life-and-death
struggle. Sor neman aj = 'extinction, coming
to an end 1 [A/IFb/GF/TF/OK/AD/Zeb]
nemay! ^LAj/ne’may! [B] f. Q. wetness,
dampness, {also: namayi (B-2);nemi (K-2)} [K//B]
<nem>
nemaze ojLaj adv. especially, particularly: *Em
hevidar in ku xwendawaren me nemaze
yen ku di nav milet de dijin ... (DM) We
hope that our readers, particularly those who live
among the nation ... • Nemaze di §ev§n
zivistane de, li dora dengbejan komdibin
u bi saetan ... guhdariya ve stiranft dikin
(DM) Especially on winter nights they gather
around singers and listen for hours to this song.
{syn: bi taybeti; ilahi; nexasme) [DM/K(s)/JB3/IF]
neme a^aj = letter. See name.
nemir ^a3 adj. immortal, eternal; respectful way of
referring to a deceased celebrity *Te xuyakirin
ku, nemir du tip ji alfabeya xwe avStine,
ew herdu tip ev in: tt - X (Wit 1:42, p.10) It
seems that the dearly departed [=Celadet Bedirxan]
removed two letters from his alphabet; those two
letters are H and X. Sor nemir ^<0 = ’immortal’
[Wlt/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <mirin>
nenii ^<0 (K) = wetness. See nemay!.
••
nenas ^Laj adj. unknown, unfamiliar, strange: *Em
hatin cik! nenas (B) We came to an unfamiliar
place *Meriye nenas (B) Unknown person,
stranger. Cf. Sor nenasraw 3 1 ^Jjaj = ’unknown’ &
nenasyaw 3 L~t>Aj = ’stranger’
[Ba2/F/K/IFb/B/GF/TF/0K] <nas[yar]>
nenftk (A/GF/£nr/Srk) = fingernail. See
neynftk.
nepan ^Laj (TF) = hidden, secret. See nepeni.
407
>
N
nepen qajaj (IFb) = hidden, secret. See nepeni.
nependi (K[s]/IFb/GF) = hidden, secret. See
i •
nepeni.
nepeni ^cu^/nepe’ni [K(s)] adj. hidden,
•• ••
concealed; secret; invisible (JJ): • Em de gazi
keyne me c doni H de v Pe keyne rekeka
nihani, bigit u neheteve (M-Am #739) We
shall invite the guest and send him off on a secret
road so that he goes and does not return. { also:
nepan (TF); nepen (IFb-2); nependi (K[s]-2/IFb-
2/GF-2); nihani II (M-Am); [ne-peni] (Jr cJ (JJ) } Cf. P
panhan p&o = ’hidden'; Sor niheni = ’secret’
[IFb/JJ/GF//K(s)//TF//M-Am]
nep’ixandin jUm; vt. (-nep’ixin-). 1) ( syn:
werimandini to cause to swell, blow, puff up (vt.)\
2) to exaggerate, blow out of proportion.
[K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <nep’ixin>
nep’ixin vi. (-nep’ix-). to swell up (vi.), be
puffed up: •Cendeke wi nepixi u berbi
Svare mir (Dz-anec #22) His body swelled up and
toward evening he died, {also: [nepykhyn]
(JJ)) (syn: pergifin; werimin)<Arc Vn-p-h 113] = ’to
be blown up, swell’; cf. Ar nafaxa ^ = ’to blow,
inflate’ [Dz/K/A/IFb/JJ/TF/OK] <nep’ixandin>
neqandin I (GF) = to blink. See niqandin I.
neqil J f. ( ;-e). 1) account, narrative, story:
-neqil kirin: a) to tell, recount (K/F/IFb/SK) (syn:
gill kirin): •[Neqil dikin ku...] (JR) They say
that.../The story goes that... ; b) (syn: veguhastin) to
transfer, transport (IFb/JBl-A). 2) (syn: car) time,
occasion [Fr fois, Germ Mai, Rus pa3 raz]: *Ev
neqil te wa kir, neqileke din§ ti ti§teki wa
nek! (Z-3) This time you've done this, next time
don't do anything like this; -neqlek (GF) once, one
time, {also: neql (B-2/GF/SK); nexil
(Z-3); [neqil] Ji3 (JJ)) < Ar naql 0 Ui = 'carrying,
transport; transmission, report’ —> Az T nagil =
'story, tale' (K/jR/Ba2/lFb/B/jj//SK/GM <g’ifok; hekyat>
neqi§ ^ 9*3 m./f. (-§/ ; /-e). embroidery;
embroidering: »Eva bu gil §ev u gil roj ez ji
boy te ser§ v§ p’ir@ rdni§time ser nexi§£
k’erge (EP-7) I have sat on this bridge for 40 days
and nights for you, [working] on an embroidering
frame, {also: neq§ (GF); nexi§ (K); nex§ (A/IF/B);
[neqych] (JJ)) < Ar naqg Jijti = 'painting,
drawing, inscription'--> T naki§; Za nex§ m. (Todd)
(EP-7 //K/JJ//A/IFb/B/TF / / GF]
neqi§andin vt (-neqi§in-). 1) to draw,
depict; 2) to inlay: •Hemi neqi§andi ye bi
kevire mermer (L) It was all inlaid with marble
stones. ( also: neq§andin (GF); nexi§andin (JB3);
nex§andin (B)) < Ar naqs = 'painting, drawing,
inscription' [K/IFb/TF//GF//B//JB3]
neql Jj«o (B/GF/SK) = story; time, occasion. See neqil.
neq§ (GF) = embroidery. See neqi§.
neq§andin (GF) = to draw; to inlay. See
neqi§andin.
nerast /nerast o— [B] adj. 1) unreal; 2)
wrong, incorrect, in error: # Cava nerast (B) The
wrong answer; 3) untrue: »Nerast e ko... (IF) It is
untrue that...; 4) (syn:berez; ^fast [4]) irregular:
-fele nerast (B) irregular verb; 5) uneven, slanted:
•'erde nerast (B) uneven ground. Cf. Sor narast
= 'crooked, dishonest' (nerasti; nerasti)
[F/K/IFb/B/GF]
nerasti /nerasti 1 j [B] f. ( ;-ye). 1)
II • •
error, incorrectness, wrongness; 2) (syn: derew; vir
II) lie, falsehood, untruth; 3) unevenness.
[F/K/B/GF] <nerast>
nerdeban (JB3/IFb) = ladder rung; staircase;
ladder. See nerdewan.
nerdevan p* (B) = ladder rung; staircase; ladder.
See nerdewan.
nerdewan pojj+i f. (-a;-e). 1) step, rung (of a
ladder)', 2) (syn: derenc) staircase; 3) (syn:
p’elegan; p’epeling [3]; p’estirk; silim) ladder, {also:
nerdeban (JB3/IFb); nerdevan (B-2); nerdivan (B-2);
nerd(i)wan (EP-7)/nerdiwan (B-2); [nerdouvan]
(JJ)) Cf. P nardaban --> T merdiven
[EP-7//K//JB3/IFb//JJ]
nerdivan pj>j*j (B) = ladder rung; staircase; ladder.
See nerdewan.
nerdiwan (B/EP-7) = ladder rung; staircase;
ladder. See nerdewan.
nerd wan (EP-7) = ladder rung; staircase; ladder.
See nerdewan.
nereheti (K) = discomfort. See nereheti.
nereheti /nereheti [B] f. (;-y§).
discomfort: •Al-p , a§a t’imS nava
nerehetiyeda bu (Z-l) Al pasha was in a
constant state of discomfort [lit. 'was always in the
midst of discomfort'] *Ew xeyset§ Mem@ dS ft
bave wi t’ime nava nerehetiyeda dihi§tin
(Z-l) That trait of Mem's kept his parents in a
constant state of discomfort, {also: nereheti (K)}
408
N
[Z-1//B//K]
nerin (L) = to watch, look at. See nerin.
nerm adj . soft; mild, gentle: -go§t£ nerm (Dz)
desirable cuts of meat [lit. 'soft meat'], {also: [nerm]
(JJ)i <nerm> ^ (HH)} Mid P narm = 'meek,
humble, soft' (M3); P narm Sor nerm
(nermahi; nermayi; nermeti; nermi)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <tei>
nermahi (IFb) = softness. See nermi.
• •
nermati (Bw) = softness. See nermi.
• ■
nermayi (K/IFb) = softness. See nermi.
••
nermeti (A) = softness. See nermi.
nermi f ( ;-ye). softness; mildness, gentleness.
{also: nermahi (IFb-2); nermati (Bw-2); nermayi (K-
2/IFb-2); nermeti (A)} Sor nermi ^j <0
[K/IFb/SK/GF/TF/Bw//B//A] <nerm>
nerx ^<0 f./m.(K) (). 1) ism: biha [1]) price
(K/A/IFb/GF); 2) value, worth, {also: nirx (GF);
[nyrkh /nykhyr (JJ) < P nirx/narx^J =
'price; rate'--> T narh - 'officially fixed price'; Sor
nirx^^j = 'price, rate, value'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/TF//JJ/GF] <biha; binerx; nirxandin;
qedir I; qimet>
nerxi (Zeb) = first-born. See nuxuri.
♦ ♦
nesax adj. sick, ill. {also: nesax (GF); [ne-sag]
(JJ)) [syn: nexwe§) Sor nasax pUj [nesax[t]i;
nesaxi) [Dh/K/A/IFh/TF//GF//JJ]
nesaxi f Q. sickness, illness, {also: nesaxti (A);
nesaxi (GF)) {syn: nexwe§i) Sor nasaxi
[K/IFb//A//GF]
nesaxti (A) = sickness. See nesaxi.
♦ ♦
nesax (GF) = sick. See nesax.
nesaxi (GF) = sickness. See nesaxi.
ne-sed (SK) = nine hundred. See nehsed.
nesekini adj. naughty, mischievous,
rambunctious (of unruly children) : «Ev zarok
pir nesekini ye (Msr) This cliild is very naughty
or doesn't stand still. [Msr]
nesitele (L) = not deserving death. See nestele.
nestele (IFb) = not deserving death. See nestele.
nest§l£ . not deserving of being killed, too
young to die: *Ya B., tu xorteki nesitele ye
go ez te bikujim (L) O B., you are a young lad
who doesn't deserve to be killed •Hakim hat,
neri go B. xorteki nest£l£ ye (L) The prince
came and saw that B. was a young lad undeserving
[of being killed], [also: nesitele (L-2); nestele (IFb))
< ne + Ar ista'hala VIII JaLJ (Va-h-1) = 'to deserve,
be worthy of [L/GF//IFb] <gune I>
ne§eri adj. unlawful, running counter to the
Islamic Shari‘ah (code of law) : *Mem u Zin xwe
li texteki dir§j kirin. Memi §t)r§ xwe dani
navbera xwe u Zine, da ko beriya mehir&
tu ti§t@ ne§eri di navbera wan de
neqewimit (SW) Mem and Zin lay down in bed.
Mem put his sword between himself and Zin, so
that nothing unlawful might occur between them
before the wedding, {also: [ne-cheriie] (JJ)}
< ne = 'not' + [shar‘1) = pertaining to the Shariah
(Islamic code of law)' [SW//JJ] cKelal; fieram>
ne§ir f./m.(F) (-a/;-e/). 1 ) (printing) press; 2)
[syn: gap III printing, impression: -ne§ir bfin (B)
to be published, printed, issued; -ne§ir kirin (B)
to publish, print, issue; 3) propagation (SK). {also:
ne§r (SK)} <Ar nasr [F/K/B//SK] <ne§irxane;
we§an II>
ne§iret = publisher. See ne§irxane.
ne§irxan*e f ( ;•§). printing house;
publisher, publishing house, {also: ne§iret; ne§iret
(SC); ne§iretxane (K)} [syn: gapxane) [F/B//K//SC]
<ne§ir>
ne§iret (SC) = publisher. See ne§irxane.
ne§iretxane < 0<0 (K) = publisher. See ne§irxane.
ne§r ^<o (SK) = press; propagation. See ne§ir.
ne§ter (IFb/GF/TF) = spear; lancet. See ni§tir.
net’eve = nation, people. See net’ewe.
netewayi (Haz) = national. See neteweyi.
net’ewe f.(Wlt)/m.(OK/RF) (-ya/; ). 1) {syn:
milet) nation: -neteweya K’urd (Wit) the Kurdish
nation; -Neteweyen Yekbhyi [=NY] (Wit) the
United Nations; 2) (syn: gel; xelq) a people, {also:
net’eve) (neteweyeti)
]Ber/K(s)/A/JB3/IFb/GF/OK/RF/RZ] <navneteweyi;
neteweyi>
neteweperest adj. 1) nationalistic]:
• Heke tevgera kurd ji xwe bide ber v@
yeke, ku hikumeteke neteweperest ji
desthilatdar be, we guherinen demokratik
pek werin (AW75A2) If the Kurdish movement
will support that idea, then even if a nationalistic
government is in power, democratic changes will
come about *Niviskar£ rojnameya
Cumhuriyete Hikmet £etinkaya di nivisa
xwe de sernaveki wiha bi kar anibfi:
"Cepgir§n neteweperest H rastgir§n
409
N
neteweperest" (AW69A1) The writer for the
newspaper Cumhuriyet, Hikmet £etinkaya, used
this title in his article: '’Nationalist leftists and
nationalist rightists"; 2) [m.&f.] a nationalist, {also:
neteweperist (IFb/SS)} {syn: synonyms) Sor
neteweperist o—jajojaJaj [AW/GF/OK//IFb/SS]
<welatp’arez>
neteweperest! joj,a3‘a3 f. (-ya;-ye).
■ •
nationalism: • Rojnameya belgikt Le Soire
dibeje, "Tirkiye neteweperestiya xwe
ni§an dide" (AW69A5) The Belgian newspaper
Le Soire says, "Turkey is showing its nationalism
[i.e., how nationalist it is]." [also: neteweperist!
(IFb)} {syn: synonyms) [AW//IFb]
neteweperist o-j a 3 (IFb/SS) = nationalist[ic]. See
neteweperest.
neteweperist! ( j^j a^aJa; (IFb) = nationalism. See
b b
neteweperest!.
net’eweyeti ^ajojaJaj f. (). nationality. [IFb]
neteweyi ^o^aJaj adj. national: *Min §exsiyeta
xwe ya netewi, bi mana siyasi ti zanisti
hin rind nedinasi (Ber) I didn't yet know my
national identity, in the political and scientific
meaning [of the word]; -Meclisa neteweyi (Wit)
National assembly. ( also: netewayi (Haz); netewi
(IFb)} [Ber/IFb//Wlt//Haz] <navneteweyi; net’ewe>
netewi ^aj a 3 (IFb) = national. See neteweyi.
net’d £>‘a3 adj. invalid, counterfeit; artificial; unreal;
«•
inadmissible: *Dive ku min ti§teki net’e got?
(Ba-1, #28) Did I say something wrong?; -giliye
net’e kirin (XF): a) to curse; b) to perform an evil
deed; -yeke net’e kirin (XF) to commit a
reprehensible deed, [also: netew (IFb); cf. also
<netu>^ (HH) = 'opposite of excellent')
[Ba-l/K/B/XF//IFb//HH]
netew ^ aJ (IFb) = invalid, counterfeit. See net’e.
ne’tik ^L&Aj f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: 'eni; navg’av}
forehead, brow: •£§ek k’etiye ne’tka min (FK-
eb-1) I have a pain in my forehead [lit. 'a pain has
fallen to my forehead']; 2) front part (of head) ;
forelock (HH). [also: nehtik (GF); <ne’tik> dh*. 3
(HH)} [Z-1/Ks/K/B/HH//GF]
nevisi ^Jaj m.&f. (). stepchild: a) {syn: kurhili}
stepson; b) {syn: kegheli; qizhili (Frq)}
stepdaughter, [also: [nevisi] (JJ)} Cf. P napesar!
= 'stepson' & navaseh 'grandchild'
[Bw/IFb/JJ/TF/OK] <-hili I; jinbav; zirdayik>
nevi ^y'Ai m.&f. (-ye/-ya; /-ye), grandchild:
mm
grandson (m.) ; granddaughter (f.) : *Landika
nevy£ wederS bH (Dz) The granddaughter's
cradle was there, {also: nebi (F); newi (SK); [nevi
(m.) ^j/nevou (f.)^] (JJ); <nevi> ^ (HH)} [Pok
nepot-, fem. nepti- 764.] ’grandson, nephew': Skt
napat (naptr-) = 'grandson, descendant' & napti- =
'granddaughter'; Av napat-/naptar- = 'grandson' &
napti- = 'granddaughter'; OP napat- = 'grandson';
Mid P nab (M3); P nave Sor newe oja 3 =
'grandchild, descendant'; cf. also Lat nepos,
nepotis. See I. Gershevitch. “Genealogical Descent
in Iranian," Bulletin of the Iranian Culture
Foundation, 1, (1973), 71 ff.; reprinted in his
Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-Williams
(Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985),
pp. 265 ff. [Dz/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//F//SK]
<bapir; dapir; nevig’irk>
nevig’irk aj m. Q. great-grandchild, [also: [nevi
tchirik] ^ (JJ)} See I. Gershevitch.
“Genealogical Descent in Iranian,” Bulletin of the
Iranian Culture Foundation, 1, (1973), 71 ff.;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica , ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 265 ff. [K/JB3/IFb/B/GF//JJ] <nevi>
neWjoo = new. See ml.
newal JljAi f. ( ;-£). 1) {syn: dehl} ravine, gorge,
canyon, narrow gully; riverbed (Haz): •Dibejin
di nihalekeda riwiyek hebti: awek niw bo§
bi niweka nihaleda dihate xar (SK 2:9) They
say there was a fox [living] in a ravine: a fairly full
stream came down the middle of the ravine
• [Hedi min xwe avete nihaleke ft bi roj§
di newaleda xwe ve§arti] (JR) Then I jumped
into a ravine, and by day I concealed myself in
gullies; -newal ft nihel (EP-7) gorges and valleys:
%
• Li ciya me§e bft, li ciya ji newal ft nih§l
bftn (EP-7) Some places were forest, others were
gorges and valleys; 2) valley (A/JB3). {also: nihal
(S/JR-2); nihel (EP-7); [nouval] (JJ)i Cf. Sor
lewar jl^lJ = 'edge, brink'
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/JR/Haz//S/JR-2//EP] <aran;
g’em; dol II; geli II>
neweyi aj pi. (). slander, false accusation:
• Neweya li min neke (Msr) Don’t slander me.
[syn: nebuyi (Msr)} Cf. newihayi (A) = 'it isn’t so'
[Msr] <derew>
newhet o!Aja3 (Ag-villages) = ninety. See not.
410
N
newi (SK) = grandchild. See nevi. nexte ez de birim ser te? Ez temaya milka
•«
newq ^*3 /. (-a;-§). waist; lower part of chest (below dikim" (BG, p.14) "Uncle Owl, won't you give
the ribs) (B): *£dika §erit bi newqa wi ve your daughter to my son [in marriage]?" "Gladly,"
gireda (L) Slowly (or, gently) he tied the rope he replied, "but can you bear the bride-price I will
around his waist, {also: noq II (WU-2/GF-2); <nuq> inflict on you? I am covetous of wealth!" {also: naxt
0*3 (HH)} {syn: nav II[2]} [L/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/ (JBl-S); [nekht/nakht(Rh)] (JJ); <next>
Kmc-5//HH] (HH)| {syn: qelen} <Ar naqd = 'cash, ready
nexasim (IFb/GF/TF/OK) = especially. See money' fBw/A/iFb/jj/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK//j]-Rh/jBi-S] <buk;
nexasme. mehir; xezur; zava; zewac>
nexasme adv. especially, particularly:
•[Nexesme biyani bibinit, seri le dihejinit]
(PS-II 38:68-69, p.169) Especially if it [=the black
horse] sees foreigners, it shakes its head, {also:
nexasim (IFb/GF/TF/OK); nexesma (RZ); [naxasma]
(JJ-ps)} l syn: llahi; nemaze) cf. Arxass
= 'private, special'
[Ak/JJ-PS//RZ//IFb/GF/TF/OK]
nexesma (RZ) = especially. See nexasme.
nexer adv. no. {also: naxer (K/A/IFb/JBl-
A&S/0K-2)) {syn; na) Cf. P naxer ^3; Sor nexer
[Bw/Dh/GF/TF/OK//K/A/IFb/JB 1-A&S]
nexi§ (K) = embroidery. See neqi§.
nexi§andin (JB3) = to draw; to inlay. See
neqi§andin.
nexoy^cG conj. 1) otherwise, or else: •Efimedi gote,
c Hu§§§, nexo de xude li te xezeb git’ (M-
Ak, #543) Ahmed said to him, ‘Hush. otherwise
God will be angry with you’ •Kabray gote,
c min to li nav befre inay, nexo da miri
sermada’ (M-Ak, #545) The fellow said, T have
brought you from the snow, otherwise you would
have died of cold’; 2) after all: # Ba§ e, nexwe tu
hevalS min i, ne ye xanime yi (Wit 2:73,
p.7) It’s all right, after all you’re my friend, not my
wife’s, {also: nexu (GF-2); nexwe (K/GF-2/TF/0K-
2); <nexo >^ (HH))
[M-Ak/HH/GF/OK//K/TF]
nexo§ (M-Ak/JJ/SK/OK) = sick; bad. See
nexwe§.
nexo§i (JJ/SK/OK) = illness. See nexwe§i.
nexri (IFb/OK/Bw) = first-born. See nuxuri.
nex§ (A/IF/B) = embroidery. See neqi§.
nex§andin (B) = to draw; to inlay. See
neqi§andin.
next m. (-§; ). bride-price, money paid by the
prospective groom to his father-in-law: •"Mam§
kund, tu kega xwe nadl kur@ min?" ’Ser
gava” gotiy§, tu dikari hilgiri [wi]
nexu 3^*0 (GF) = otherwise; after all. See nexo.
nexundi (SK/JJ) = illiterate. See nexwendi.
■ •
nexwaj^l^idj (IFb) = sick; bad. See nexwe§.
nexwa§i (IFb) = illness. See nexwe§i.
nexwe (K/GF/TF/OK) = otherwise; after all. See
nexo.
nexwenda (GF) = illiterate. See nexwendi.
nexwendewar (GF) = illiterate. See
nexwendi.
nexwendi ^ JJ 0 yS- aj adj. unlettered, illiterate:
•[Melayek u du nefer mirofed cahil
nexwendi her se buyine olda§ed yekfldti]
(JR) A mullah and two ignorant, unlettered men
were traveling companions, {also: nexundi (SK);
nexwenda (GF); nexwendewar (GF-2); [ne-khoundi]
(JJ)) (nexwenditi)
[JR/Ba2/F/K/B/0K//GF//JJ/SK] <cahil>
nexwenditi /. ( ;-ye). illiteracy. [K/B]
»•
<nexwendi>
nexwe§ adj. 1) sick, ill: •Birae me evro
dyar niye, da bigine mala wi, seh keyne,
belke ye nexo§ bit (M-Ak #535) Our brother is
not to be seen today. Let us go to his home and see
how he is; perhaps he is ill # Serma mirov
nexwe§ dike (AB) The cold makes a man sick; 2)
{syn: neba§; xirab [1]) had: *Ez Efimed§
Pirikeme, xudane teyrikeme, eve min
birae hungo xendiqand. Eve yet xo§in, yet
nexo§ de li du hen (M-Ak #535) I am Ahmed
the son of the old woman, the owner of the bird,
and now I have strangled your brother. These are
the good things; the bad ones will come later, {also:
nexo§ (M-Ak/SK/OK-2); nexwa§ (IFb); [ne-khoch]
(JJ)) Cf. P naxos Sor nexo§ Za
newe§ (Todd); Hau newe§ = 'ill, unwell' (M4)
|nexwe§i; nexwe§ti)
[K/A/JB3/B/GF/TF/0K//JJ//IFb//M-Ak/SK]
nexwe§i f. (-ya;-y@). illness, sickness;
■ •
disease: *Doxtira p@§iya nexwe§iy@ girt (B)
411
N
The doctors averted the disease [from spreading]
•Eger Kekimet Haziq u hostayet mahir
hebin, bo zfti di§6n nexo§iya wan derman
biken (SK 56:644) If there were skilled physicians
and expert craftsmen, they could soon treat their
sickness; -nexwe§iya giran (JB3) serious illness.
[also: nexo§i (SK/OK-2); nexwa§i (IFb); nexwe§ti
[A); [ne-khochi] (JJ)!
[K/JB3/B/GF/TF/OK//JJ//A//IFb//SK] <nexwe§>
nexwe§ti j (A) = sickness. See nexwe§i.
nexwe§xan»e A_) l->."/Vj ~s- Aj f. ( # a; # e). hospital:
-nexwe§xana gelan (BK) children's hospital.
[syn: *xeste) [K/A/1F/B/GF/BK]
nexil Jj-Aj (Z-3) = story; time, occasion. See neqil.
neyar jLaj m. (-e; ney§r [B], vi neyari). 1) {syn:
dijmin) enemy, foe; declared enemy (HH); sworn
enemy, arch enemy (B): *!ro ji ceh§§ Kurd, ji
bo miletg xwe, di deste neyare xwe de
buye §ur (WM 1:2, p.15) Even today Kurdish
jahshes [=collahorators] have become a sword in
the hand of the enemy against their own people
•Mar neyare mirov e (AB) The snake is man's
enemy; 2) rival, competitor (IFb/TF). [also: [na-yar]
QJ); <neyar> jLs (HH)) < ne = 'not' + yar =
'beloved, friend 1 (neyari; neyarti)
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
neyari ^jLaj f. ( ;-ye). enmity; hostility, [also:
neyarti (K-2/A/B-2); [ne-iari] (JJ)) {syn:
dijminahi) [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//A] <neyar>
neyarti ^jUaJ (K/A/B) = enmity. See neyari.
• •
neye ^aj (JB1-S) = ninth. See neha.
• •
neynesi ^a-oa: f. (-ya; ). cause, reason, grounds
(for) (K/B): *Neynesiya giriye xwe ji minra
beje! (EP-4) Tell me the reason for your crying!
< T neyin nesi = 'the what of what' [EP-4/K/B]
<eger II; sebeb; sedem>
neynik I J-oaJ (Dyd) = fingernail. See neynuk.
neynik II Jjoa; (K/A/HB/IFb/B/GF/TF/Dyd/Grc/
Btm/Srk/Wn) = mirror. See nenik I.
neynok a 3 (IFb/GF/Grc/Btm) - fingernail. See
neynhk.
neynfik Jj^aj /. (-a;-&). fingernail; toenail: *Ez
naxwazim ninoga xorteki ji li kevireki
bikeve (Epl, 102) [I don't want any violence] I
don't want even the fingernail of a young man to
fall on a rock, [also: nenuk (A/GF/^nr/Srk); neynik
I (Dyd); neynok (IFb-2/SK/Grc/Btm); nenik II
(Tkm/Kp/Wn); nenik (B§k); nenuk I
(Klk/Plt/K§/Czr/Msr); ninig (IFb-2); ninog (Epl);
ninok (Erg); ninuk (IFb-2); nunik (Hk); [neinouk]
(JJ); <neynuk> (HH)) [syn: dirnax (Ur))
[Pok. onogh-(:ongh-/nogh-)/ongh-li 780.] 'nail,
claw': Skt ahghri- (r<l *oiagh-li-) f. = ’foot'; Mid P
naxun = '(finger)nail' (M3); P naxon ^b; Sor
naxun ^b & ninok (Arbil); Za nengwi m.
»
(Todd) [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/I IH/TF/Haz/Zx//SK//A/GF] cbeg’i;
sim; tili>
nezan (j)ja3 adj. 1) ignorant: Ȥex u beg vL axa zor
bo Kale xo u menfe‘ete zatiye xo zana ft
§eytan in, emma re c iyet zor begare ft
nezan u weK§i ne (SK 56:655) The shaikhs and
hegs and aghas are very wise and cunning in
looking after their own case and their personal
profit, hut the peasantry are quite hapless and
ignorant and rude; 2) (syn: cahil; na§i; nestel; xam)
naive, inexperienced, young, [also: [ne-zan] jlyj
(JJ); <nezan> (HH)) Cf. P nadan <jbb; Sor
nezan jaj {nezani; nezanti)
[K/A/JB3/IFh/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <zanin>
nezani ^Ija; /. (-ya;-ye). 1) ignorance: •Gel§ me
... di dema §ahe gorbigor da di nav
nezanike mezin da dixeniqi (Ber) Our people
... during the time of the accursed shah was
drowning in a great [deal of] ignorance •Nezani
riKetiya cane (Msr) Ignorance is hliss [lit.
'ignorance, relaxation of the soul'] / prvj ; 2)
rudeness, bad manners, {also: nezanti (B-2); [nezani
cj 'jb/nezani ti (JJ))
[Ber/K/A/JB3/IFb//B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK] cnezan;
zanin>
nezanti ^Ijaj (B) = ignorance; rudeness. See nezani.
• •
nezer j0 ja3 f. (-a;-e). 1) look, glance: *Nezera zare
wane ber§ maka / Usanin, be’r&da g’e’ve
masi dertine (EP-7) The looks of their nursing
children are such, [that] they make tbe eyes of fish
in the sea come (=pop) out; 2) {syn: g’avin) evil
eye; »Ez nizanim nezer nah§le Memft Zin§
bivine (EP-7) I don’t know if destiny will let Mem
see Zin; -nezer ji fk-e girtin (EP-7) to put or
cast the evil eye on s.o.: «Weki nezer ji te
negire (EP-7) Lest the evil eye be cast on you; 3)
opinion; 4) {syn: mirin; wefat) death (B). {also:
[nezer] (JJ)) < Ar nazar = 'look, glance’~> T
nazar = ’evil eye'
[EP-7/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK] <neder>
412
N
nezir jj<u f. Q. vow, conditional vow, pledge: -nezr
bfin (SK) to be vowed, dedicated: »Eger gotina
w! rast bit bila hemi milke min nezr bit
bo mizgewta Ergo§. Eger duro bit, milke
wi nezri mizgewte bit (SK 59:692) If what he
says is true, let all my property be vowed to the
mosque of Argosh. If it be a lie, let his property be
vowed to the mosque; -nezir kirin (IFb)/nezr
~(Hk)/ [nader/nadur kem] (JJ) to make a
conditional vow, pledge: •Cihu penc mecidi
nezr kirin ku kure wi §eveder nebit. Pi§ti
ku kure wi §eveder bh ji, penc mecidi
nezr kirin da ku venegerite mal (Hk) The
Jew pledged 5 cents if his son would not stay out
late at night. After his son started staying out late,
he pledged 5 cents so that he would not return
home, [also: nedur (GF); nezr (Hk/SK); [nader kem
jjj/nadurkem ^jj] (JJ); cnedir jju/nizr (HH))
< Ar nidr jjj; Sor nizir yj
[Hk/SK//K/IFb/OK//HH//GF//JJ-G] <sond>
nezr yy (Hk/SK) = vow, pledge. See nezir.
ndg’ir /. (-aye), l) {syn: rav I [1 ]; sevd: §ikar)
hunting, the chase: *neg’ira k’ewri§ka (B) rahbit
hunting; -gun neg’ire = to go hunting: *Evana
digine cem bave, t’ewaqet je dikin, ku ew
izna Osib bide, Osib wanra here neg’ire
(Ba) They go to [their] father, [and] beg him to let
Joseph go hunting with them «Kurik gu negira
kewan (AB) The boy went hunting for partridges
(or, The boy went partridge-hunting); 2) \syn: rav I
[2]; seyd) game (caught on a hunting trip) . wild
fowl, quarry [gibier]: »Di ve de§te de, negir
heye (BX) On that plain, there is [hunting] game
•Neg’ira min te, guye t’ejiya min te (Ag)
Just as my game [i.e., deer] comes, my hunting dog
has to take a shit [expression denoting that an
opportunity is unexpectedly lost, e.g., “I was just
about to take their picture when someone walked
in front of the camera”] a more polite version :
•Wexta neg’ira min te, xewa te’jiye min te
(Dz-#1565) When my game comes, my hunting
dog falls asleep •RuKe k’§ heye, weki neg’ira
beg u beglera je bistine (FK-eb-1) Who dares
to take the game of the bey(s) from him (them).
{also: [nitchir] (JJ); <negir> (HH))
Manichaean Mid P nhcyhr = 'hunting 1 ; Sgd nys’yr =
'wild game 1 ; Shughni naxCir = 'mountain goat'; P
naxfiir = ’wild game, prey' —> Heb nahSir
HD; Sor negir = 'quarry'; Hau negir m.
(M4). See: J.P. Asmussen. “Das iranische Lehnwort
nahslr in der Kriegsrolle von Qumran (1 QM),”
Acta Orientalia [Copenhagen], 26 (1961), 3-20;
H.W. Bailey. “Gandhari ” BSOAS, 11 (1946?),
774, note 1 & “Missa Suppletum,” BSOAS, 21
(1958), 44-45; 2. naxfilr in I. Gershevitch.
“Etymological Notes on Persian mih, naxfilr,
begane, and blmar,” in: Dr. /. M. Unvala Memorial
Volume (Bombay, 1964), pp.91-92; reprinted in
his Philologia Iranica, pp. 191-92; W. B. Henning.
“Two Manichaean Magical Texts,” BSOAS, 12 , i
(1947), 39-66, esp. 57, note.
[Ba/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <kevan; rav;
tir I>
neg’irvan m. ( ; neg’irven, vi
neg’irvani). hunter, huntsman: *Neg’irvaneki
te’ji berda k’ewru§ke (Dz) A hunter sent a
hound after tbe rabbit. 1 also: negirwan (SK);
[nitchir-van] (JJ); <negirvan> jli^^pfHH))
{syn: sevdvan; §ikargi) Cf. P naxclrvan
Sor negirewan [F/Dz/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/TF//SK] <kewgirvan>
negirwan (SK) = hunter. See neg’irvan.
nek JZj, f. (IFb) = hook; crocheting needle. See nik.
nem /. ( ;-e). pus, matter. | also: <nem> (HH))
{svn: ’edab; k’em II) [A/B/IFb/HH/GF/OK] <pizik>
nengonk (B§k) = heifer. See nogin.
nenik I JjZj L (-a;-e). mirror; small mirror, pocket
mirror (Czr/Kp/Wn): • Mizah ji "wek gelek
§axen edebi u folklori u muziki, pargeyek
ji neynika wi milleti ye ku di we neynike
de kil ft kemasiyen xwe dikarin bibinin d
xwe li gor we rast bikin (LC, p.3) Humor, like
many literary, folkloric, and musical genres, is part
of the mirror of that nation, through which they
can see their shortcomings and fix them
accordingly, {also: naynik (Plt-Cambek tribe);
neynik II
(K/A/HB/IFb/B/GF/TF/Dyd/Grc/Btm/Srk/Wn);
nenuk (Tkm); nenuk II (Hk); [nelnik] (JJ);
<neynik> Jllj (HH)) {syn: 'eynik; heli; qoti 1) Cf. P
a’lne -u-Jl; Sor neynok Jyqy = awene Za
lilik m. (Todd) | Ad/HB/Klk/Plt/Erg/Kr/Czr/Kp//
K/A/IFb/I3/))/HH/GF/TF/Dycl/Grc/Btm/Srk/Wn//Tkml
nenik II (Tkm/Kp/Wn) = fingernail. See neynuk.
nenik (B§k) = fingernail. See neynfik.
nenuk (Tkm) = mirror. See ndnik I.
413
N
nenuk I (Klk/Plt/K§/Czr/Msr) = fingernail. See
neynfik.
nenuk II (Hk) = mirror. See nenik I.
n§r ^ adj. male (with connotations of bravery and
authority) ; masculine; man’s: *berxe ner (B)
male lamb •nerek’er/k’ere ner = male donkey
•Kirg’e ner = male bear *kewe ner/nerekew =
male partridge •k’§vro§ke ner = male rabbit;
-K’urde ner (IF) brave Kurd, [also: [nir] ^ (JJ);
<ner> (HH)) (^me; ^del I) [Pok. 1. ner-(t)-/aner-
(aner-?) 765.] '1) (magical) vitality; 2) man': Skt nar-
(na) = 'man, human being'; Av nar- (na); OP nar-;
Mid P nar = 'male, manly' (M3); P nar ^p; Sor ner
^13; Za neri/ner m. (Mai); cf. also Gr aner avqp
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] ccamer; mer>
neregur J3 fo JJ m. (). male wolf. [IFb] <gur>
nerefiirg 5 m ‘ 0* male bear, [also: fiirg’e ner)
[IFb] <Kirg’>
nerek’er j^fojj in. Q. male donkey, he-ass:
•Meseleki me§htir e li- naw me kurdan.
Dibejin ew kese jine dixazit maker e, ew
kese jine didet nereker e, bele pa§i birine
§ol ber-'eks e (SK 42:411) It is a well-known
proverb among us Kurds. Tbey say that the person
who asks for a woman is a she-donkey and tbe one
who gives her is a he-ass, but after she has been
taken the case is reversed, [also: k’ere ner) (syn:
guhd[i]rej; k’er III) [BX/SK/GF] <k’er III; mak’er>
ndrekew 3 ^oJJ m. (). male partridge. [a/so: kewe
ner) [BX/K] <kew>
nerevan q^oJJ m. (). 1) (syn: *didevan; zerevan)
observer, spectator, scout; 2) reconnaissance plane
(GF). [also: nervan (K[s)); nihervan (K)} <nerin = 'to
watch' (nerevani) [(neol)IFb/GF//K)
n£revani f. (). observing, scouting:
-n§revani le kirin (IFb) to observe stg. [syn:
g’avderi; *didevani; zerevani) [(neol)IFb)
<nerevan>
nergis yp (Lab) = narcissus. See nergiz.
nergiz Jfjj f. (-a; ). narcissus, daffodil, bot.
Amaryllidaceae, Narcissus poeticus. [also: nergis
(Lab); [narghis/nergiz (Lx)] (JJ); <nergiz>y£^
(HH)) Cf. Mid P nargis (M3) & Ar narjis Lr o~ _y<Gr
narkissos vapKicrcrog; Sor nergis ^Jj
[Lah/JJ//K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF]
n£r*ik J JJ f. (*ka; ). stamen (of a flower):
•GGzegiya ... ndrka wi ya bilind e Bw)
Gezegiya [type of plant] ... its stamen is tall, [also:
neri II (IFb); nertik (GF-2); [niri] (Sy j (JJ)} {syn: qivar
[2]) Sor nerk JJJ [Bw/GF/OK/AA//IFb//JJ]
n§ri I ^JJ m. (-ye; ). billy goat, male goat [bouc];
three-year-old male goat (JJ). [also: [niri nihri
(S ^I pez-niri cS ^Jj} (JJ); <neri> (S ^j (HH)) [Pok.
1. ner-(t)-/aner- (aner-?) 765.) ’1) (magical) vitality;
2 ) man’: Skt nar- (na) = 'man, human being' &
narya- = 'manly, masculine'; Av nar- (na) & nairya-;
Sor neri ^JJ = 'he-goat, billy-goat'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <bizin; gisk;
bevuri; kar I; kur I = sayis>
neri II ^JJ (IFb) = stamen. See nerik.
nerin ^Jj vt. (-ner-/-ner-[L]/-n[i]her-). to watch,
look at, see: *Binere be gavan gi kiriye (L)
See what the cowherd has done *Bav dinih§re
ilac nabe (Ba) The father sees that it’s no use »Tu
k 5 e diniheri? (B) Who[m] are you looking at?
{ also: nerin (L); nertin (A/GF-2); nherin (Ag);
niherandin; niherin (B); niherin; nihertin
(JB3/IFb/GF-2); rentin (-ren-) (Msr); [nirin
nihirin (JJ); cnerin ^^p/nertin qj^J (dinere)
Co^p j)>) [syn: bere xwe dan (Bw); ditin; meze
kirin (Ad/K); zen dan (MK/K)) Sor nuwarin
Qj Jj/nonn ^jp/mwanin ^pljj
[L//K/HH/GF/TF//A//B//JB3/IFb//JJ//Ag] <be II>
nertik Jj 'JJ (GF) = stamen. See nerik.
nertin qj JJ (A/GF) = to watch, look at. See n§rin.
nervan jU. Jj (K[s)) = observer. See nerevan.
net oAi f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: me’na) meaning: •Gereke
hhn neta eve xewna min ji minra b§jin
(Ba3) You must tell me the meaning of this dream
of mine; 2) [syn: fikir; hizir) idea, thought: »Ape
Kote neta min fam kir (Ba2:2, p.205) Uncle
Kotey understood my thought [or, hesitation); 3)
[syn: ditin) opinion: *bi neta min (B) in my
opinion; 4) [syn: armanc [1]; mebest; meqsed;
merem [1]} desire, goal, aim, purpose, intention:
•Do &var& ji min dest bi nivisandina
jiyana Qedri Can kir. N6ta min heye ez li
ser jiyan u berhemen wi kitebeke derxim
(LC, p.ll) Last night I started writing Qedri Can’s
biography. I intend to bring out a book on his life
and work *N§ta wan ne hate seri (K) Their
desire didn't come to pass; 5) contents (of a book,
article , etc.) : -n@ta k’itebS (F) table of contents
[syn: naverok; p’erist; serecema k’itebe (F)J. [also:
niyet (IFb); niyet (KS/SK); [niiet] o-p (JJ)) < Ar
414
N
i
n!yah = 'intention'~> T niyet [Z-
l/K/B/TF//IFb//JJ/KS/SK]
nev (JBl-S) = center, middle. See nav II [1] &
navik [2],
nevik JjZj (IF) = center, middle; navel, belly button.
See nav II & navik.
nevi (Msr/A/IF) = center; half. See nivi.
••
n3z I yl3 f (). hunger: -ji neza = (e.g., dying) of
hunger { syn: birgina): *Ax ez ji neza mirim!
(L) I'm dying [lit. ’I died’] of hunger, [also: <nez>±j
(HH)) [syn: birgiti; xela) [L/K/JB3/HH/GF/TF]
nez II yl3 (IFb/TF) = near. See nezik.
nezik J>l3 (BX/JBl-S/OK) = near. See n§zik.
nezing Jjylj (JBl-S/GF) = near. See nezik.
n3zik adj. [+ ji or -i] near, close to. [also: nez II
(IFb-2/TF); nezik (BX/JBl-S/OK-2); nezing (JBl-S-
2/GF-2); n§zing; nezuk; nizik; nizing (H2); [nizouk
Jjyj/ nezik JL>j] (JJ); <nizik> (HH)) (^dur)
Skt nediyas- = 'nearer' & nedistha- = 'nearest': O Ir
*nazda- = ’near' & *nazdiah- = 'nearer' (Ras, p.132):
Av nazdyo = 'nearer' & nazdista- = 'nearest'; Mid P
nazd/nazdlk (<*nazdia-ka-); P nazdlk Sor
nizik JLyj;
Za nezdi/nezdi (Todd); Hau nizik (M4) (nezikahi;
nezikayi; neziki; nezkayi} [BX/JBl-S//K/A/IFb/B/
JB1-A/SK/GF/OK//JJ//HH//TF//H2]
nezikahi (IFb) = nearness. See nezikayi.
nezikai c(L) = nearness. See nezikayi.
n§zika*yi f. (;*ye). 1) nearness, proximity,
• •
closeness: -13 ndzikayi kirin = to approach,
draw near to: *Diya wi nezikai le kir u hat
(L) His mother approached him «Gava go hatin
nezikai li qesra qiza hakim kirin (L) When
they drew near to the princess’ palace •Hat,
nezikai li mixara Canpola kir (L) He
approached Janpola's cave; 2) nearing, approaching
(JJ) [approchement). [also: nezikahi (IFb); nezikai
(L); neziki I (K/A/IFb); nezkayi (K); [nizoukahi
nizouki] (JJ)) [L//K/A/IFb//JJ] <nezik>
neziki I (Jjyk (K/A/IFb) = nearness. See nezikayi.
neziki II (K) = near (to). See n§zik.
nezing ~ near (to). See n£ziki.
nezkayi (K) = nearness. See nezikayi.
nezuk Jj&ytp ~ near (to). See n§ziki.
nherin qj^I $3 (Ag) = to watch, look at. See n3rin.
ihu ^3 (Ad) = new. See nu.
li- 3 neg. part not, do[es] not, will not (negative
particle prefixed to present indicative of the two
verbs karin and zanin; negativizes both the
present indicative and the future , e.g., nizanim =
don't know or I won't know; all other verbs take
na- rather than ni-j Cf. P na- 3 [IFb/B/SK/GF]
I
<me-; na-; ne->
nig’ikandin jjjlSGcJ vt. (-nig’ikin-). 1) to stick,
drive in, thrust, forcible insert (e.g., a stake into the
ground) ; 2) [syn : dag’ikandin) to hoist, erect (a
banner) ; 3) to plant (a tree) : *Dora t’irba dar§
sipindara dinig’ikine (Z-4) Around the graves
he plants poplar trees. [Z-4/K] <dag’ikandin>
nifir >3 /nifir >5 [A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK] f ( ;-3).
T
curse, malediction, anathema [T beddua, Ar la c nah
-nifir le kirin (B)/nifir[i] kirin (K)/dayin
nifira (K-2) to curse, call down curses upon: *Ew
mexseda we, ko diya te u have te nifir
kirine [sic] (Z-3) This purpose of yours which
your parents have cursed •Jina k’esiv nifirya
Aqub dike (Ba3-3, #16) The poor man’s wife
curses Jacob, [also: nifiri (B-2); nifin (Hk); [nifran]
q \>3 (JJ); <nifir> >3 (HH)) Mid P nifrin = 'curse'
(M3); cf. also Ar nafara = 'to have a distaste or
aversion for'
[Z-3/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ//Hk] <g’er;
dijun I>
nifiri (B) = curse. See nifir.
••
nifin (Hk) = curse. See nifir.
nif§ f.(Wit)/m.(IFb) (-a/-e; ). 1) [syn: cil)
generation: •Dive nif§a (cila) nti. xwe p3ve
mijdl bike! (Wit) The new generation must
concern itself with this!; 2) lineage, line (of
descent): *ji nif§§ §§x Seid (IFb) from Shaikh
Sard’s line. [Wlt/IFb/GF/TF]
nift (Ag) = oil; match(es). See neft & neftik.
niftek (GF) = match(es). See neftik.
niftik Js.ju (IFb) = match(es). See neftik.
nig (Ad/Bg/IF) ~ foot. See ling,
niha l$3 adv. now: -ji niha H wevatir = from now
on, henceforth, [also: ana (MK2); anaka (A-2);
aneka; aniha (A-2/JB3); anika (HB); naga; naha (B);
naka; niho (GF); nika; noke (Bw/SK); [neha
l^/nouka /dneka ISjI/ anuha l#)/ noha «%;] (JJ);
<neha> l$3 (HH)) [syn: taze [4]) = Sor esta
[K/A/JB3/IFb//B//JJ/HH//GF//Bw/SK//HB//MK2]
nihal Jl$3 (S/JR) = ravine, gully; riverbed; valley. See
newal.
nihan jl$3, m. (Dh) = shelter. See nivan.
nihandin jjj($3 (GF) = to copulate. See nayin.
415
I
N
nihani I (Zeb/Hej) = shelter. See nivan.
nihani II ^1*3 (M-Am) = hidden, secret. See nepeni.
•i
nihel Jl$3 (EP-7) = ravine, gully; riverbed; valley. See
newal.
niherandin qX >\= to watch, look at. See nerin.
niherin (B)/niherin = to watch, look at.
See nerin.
nihertin qs (JB3/IFb/GF) = to watch, look at. See
n&rin.
nihervan jli'^1$3 (K) = observer. See nefevan.
nihet oL-$3 (K) = boulder. See nehit.
nihit ow-gi (GF) = boulder. See nehit.
niho (GF) = now. See niha.
nijad jIjj m. Q. (biological) race, j syn: dol I) Cf. P
nezad j)jj ; Sor nijad jlyj = race, stock’
[K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/AD] <gel; nePewe>
nijadparest (TF) = racist,
nijadperest adj. racist: *Her wiha
helwesta Tirkiyeye ya nijadperest derkete
ber gave gele cihane (AW69C1) Likewise,
Turkey's racist attitude has been noticed by the
peoples of the world. { also: nijadparest (TF);
nijadperist (IFb)) [AW/K//IFb//TF]
nijadperesti f. (-ya;-ye). racism:
•Dewleta tirk bi nijadperestiye, bi
binpekirina maf6n mirovan li bi durutiya
xwe edi li cihane deng daye (AW69C2) The
Turkish state has made a name for itself in the
world for its racism, its suppression of human
rights and its hypocrisy, {also: nijadperisti (IFb)}
[AW/K//IFb]
nijadperist (IFb) = racist. See nijadperest.
nijadperisti jIjj (IFb) = racism. See
nijadperesti.
nijandin jAjljj vt. (-nijin-j. 1) to build (a stone
wall) by piling stones one on top of the other. «Li
hindav u nezi Wane u Gola Wane kelehen
mezin u diroki hene, du keleh ji van
kelehan li raseri leva gole ne, herdu ji li
ser taten pan u mezin hatine nijandin (SB,
p. 50) Above and beside Van and Lake Van there
are large and historic fortresses, [and] two of those
fortresses overlook the shore of the lake, both of
them have been built on flat and large cliffs;
-nijinin ft heraftin (SK)/nijandin ft
herifandin (Bw) to mull over, ponder,
contemplate, turn over in one's mind [lit. 'to build
and tear down']: *Her dinijand ft herifand
(Bw) He was deep in thought *Mdsili di dile xo
da nijini d heraft, gele hizr kir (SK 31:276)
The Mosuli turned the matter over in his mind and
thought a great deal; 2) to pile up, stockpile
(IFb/OK) [nijinandin]. { also: nijinandin (-nijinin-)
(IFb/GF-2/OK); nijinin (SK/K[s]/Bw); nijintin (Bw-
2 ); [nijinin/nizhinln (Rh)] (JJ); <nijandin>
(Hej)| [Hk/Zeb/GF/Hej//
IFb/OK//K(s)/JJ/SK/Bw]
nijd*e oJjp /. (*a; # e). raiding-party, band or gang of
robbers: *Heware, nijde hat ser me (M-Zx
#768, p.354) Help, a raiding-party is upon us!
•Karwaneki §exe Barzane digu Akre.
Nijda Surgiyan hat, karwan §eland d deh
muro ku§tin. Sebeb wihe Zebari hizar mer
fabun, gune ser gunde Bicile (SK 50:533) A
caravan of the Shaikh of Barzan was going to Akre.
A Surchi raiding party came, plundered the
caravan and killed ten men. On account of this a
thousand Zebaris rose and went against the village
of Bijil. j also: [nijde] ojJJ (JJ)! [syn; cerd I! Sor nijde
ajJJ (K3)
[M-Zx/K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK] <t’alan>
nijdekar (Dh) = bandit. See nijdevan.
nijdekari (Dh) = banditry. See nijdevani.
••
nijdevan 111 . (). bandit, robber, brigand, {also:
nijdekar (Dh); nijdivan (TF)| {syn: k’ele§ II; rebir}
(nijdevani; nijdekari; nijdivani}
[Dh//K/A/IFb/GF/OK//TF]
nijdevani /. (). banditry, brigandage,
highway robbery, {also: nijdekari (Dh); nijdivani
(TF)} (syn: k’ele§i; rebiri) [Dh//IFb//TF]
<nijdevan>
nijdivan jU'jjj (TF) = bandit. See nijdevan.
nijdivani (TF) = banditry. See nijdevani.
nijinandin (-nijinin-) (IFb/GF/OK) = to build
(stone wall); to pile up. See nijandin.
nijinin (SK/K[s]/JJ) = to build (stone wall); to pile
up. See nijandin.
nik I <Js prep, at, at the house of, over [chez]: -li nik
(IF) do.; -nik dile min (BX) in my opinion [lit. 'at
my heart'], {also: [nik J^j/ li-nik tj^LJ/bi-nik Ju-p]
(JJ); <nik> <JS (HH)j (syn: bal I; cem; hinda I; lale; li
def (Bw); rex Ij Sor kin ^
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
nik II <Js (Bg) = chickpeas. See nok.
nika ISj = now. See niha.
nikeh (K) = marriage. See nikha.
416
N
nikha 1*Sj f. ( ; nikhe/nikhae). wedding, nuptials;
marriage: -nikha kirin (B)/nikeh kirin/bifin
(K) to marry off: *Bav§ 'Eyngye --/ ... / 'Eyne
ser Mehmed Emin neklia kiriye (EP-5, #5)
Ayneh’s father -/.../ married Ayneh to Mehmed
Emin, {also: nekha (EP-5); nikah (IF); nikeh (K);
[HHKiaxL/nekah (Lx)]^-(5j (JJ)j \syn: mehirj <Ar
nikah = 'marriage; marriage contract'-> T
nikah [EP-5//B//IFh//JJ//K] <buk; de’wat; zava>
nikil JSj m. (-e; ). 1) ( syn: dim} beak, bill (of bird) :
•Kew ft ferftgke bi nikulen xwe kevir
wergerandin, derketin ft reviyan (SWl.
p.24-25) The partridge and chicken overturned the
rock with their beaks, exited, and fled; -nikile (A)
long-nosed, ugly woman; -nikilo (A) long nosed,
ugly man; 2) point, sharp tip (B): •nikulS
derziy§ (B) point of a needle. 1 also: nikul
(K/Ks/B/GF-2); nikil (IFh-2/0K/Bw); nukul (Z-
3/IFb-2); [noukoul] J^Sj (JJ); <nikil> JLS3 (HH))
[Ks/K/B//A/JB3/IFb/HH/SK/GF/TF//JJ//Bw/OK]
<xi§t III>
nikul J^Sj (K/Ks/B/GF) = beak, hill; point, tip. See
nikil.
nim = wet. See nem.
nime ^ (Ad/GF) = namaz, salah, Islamic prayer
ritual. See nimej.
nim§j ylcj f. (-a;-e). namaz, salali, Islamic prayer
ritual: •Her roj pi§ti nimeja evare, §ex
§iret§n dlni li mirid£n xwe dikirin (Rnh
2:17, p.340) Every day after the evening prayer,
the sheikh would give religious advice to his
disciples [or, would advise his disciples on
religion], {also: limej; mej II; nim»e (•iye;)
(Ad/GF); ilivej (M-Zx/JBl-A/GF-2); niwej (SK);
nmej; [nymij j^>/ nymi ^/lamiiz j*J] (JJ);
<limej> jlJ (HH)} Cf. P namaz jLj— > T namaz: So
niwej Za nimaz (Todd/Mal)/nimac/nimaj m.
(Mai); Hau nima /. (M4) (See: Mohammad MokiTs
Introduction to HH, p. 2 7 (in French) & p. 52 (in
English)} [K/IFb/B/OK//Ad/GF//JJ//HH//
M-Zx/JBl-A//SK] <destnimej; mizgeft> See also
lim£j.
nimone (AD) = example, sample. See nimftne.
nimftne ik) ^ i m. (-y§; )• i) I syn: minakjexample:
-bo nimftne (Bw) for example, for instance {syn:
meselen; wek minak}; 2) sample, specimen, model
{also: nimone (AD); [nemoune] (JJ)) Cf. P
numune — > T niimune; Sor nimune *3^
[K/IFb/GF//JJ//AD]
nimz>j (F/Ba/B) - low. See nizm.
nimzayi ^ (B) = lowness. See nizmi.
ning cXu = foot. See ling.
niqandin I qjjU; vt. (-niqin-). to blink, twitch (of
eyes). ( also: neqandin I (GF)) ?<leqandin = ’to cause
to move'; cf. Sor nuqandin = 'to close (only
of eyes)' [Bw//GF] <g’av; migandin>
niqitin (K/B) = to drip. See nuqutin.
niqitk Jjjti f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: g’ilk; dilop; p’e§k I)
i also: niqut (A/IFb/TF)) drop (of a liquid) (F/K/A):
•Niqitkeke xftna wi disa pekiya ort’a M. ft
Z. (Z-l) A drop of his bood (again) fell between M.
and Z.; 2) {syn: xal II[2]) {also: niqte (IFb/JB3/GF))
dot, point (K/JB3/IFb); point (grammatical term) (JJ)
[nouqet]; point (in writing) (JJ) [nukat]. I also: [1]
niqte (IFb/JB3/GF); [2] niqut (A/IFb/TF); niqutik
(A-2); [nouqet/nukat] kft (JJ); <nuqut> k& (HH)} Cf.
Ar nuqtah = 'point, dot' [Z-l/F/K/B/XF//IFb/
JB3//A//JJ//HH]
niqte (IFb/JB3/GF) = dot, point. See niqitk.
niqut oUi (A/IFb/TF) = drop. See niqitk.
niqutik (A) = drop; dot, point. See niqitk.
niqutin (A/IFb/TF) = to drip. See nuqutin.
nirx ^y (GF/JJ) = price, value. See nerx.
nirxandin vt. (-nirxin-). to evaluate,
appraise: to appreciate: »Her berhem div§ li
gor dem ft rew§a ku te de hatiye afirandin,
were nirxandin (Wit 1:39, p.ll) Every work of
art should be evaluated according to the time and
conditions in which it was created. [(neol)Wlt/GF]
<nerx>
nisar jLj (IFb) = crag. See zinar I.
nigew(IFb) = downhill slope. See ni§iv.
ni§iv in. (-e; ). 1) {syn: jordani} downhill slope,
incline, declivity: »Evraz be ni§uv ntnin (IFb)
Every uphill slope has a downhill slope [lit. 'there
are no uphill slopes without downhill slopes’]
[prv.]: ; 2) steep slope, precipice; cliff; 3) [syn: ba§ur;
cenub; jer [3]} south (Bw); 4) [adv.\ {also: ni§zw!
(SK)} down[ward(s)], downhill, {also: ni§ew (IFb-2);
ni§uv (IFb-2/GF-2); [nichouw oy^/nichiw oLJwi ]
(JJ); <ni§ov> (HH)} Mid P niseb = 'declivity,
dejection' (M3); P neslb v-™ 3 = ’declivity, descent’;
Sor ni§ew= 'downward slope, declivity’
[Bw/K(s)/IFb/JJ/GF/OK//HH//SK]
ni§iwi (SK) = downhill. See ni§iv[4].
417
N
ni§ka ve «u (JB3/GF) = suddenly. See ni§keva.
ni§k@va adj. suddenly, all of a sudden:
• Ditirsyam, ku pey gflyina min ra ni§keva
gur xwe bavejne ser keriye pez (Ba2:2,
p.205) I was afraid that after I left [lit. 'my going']
the wolves would suddenly pounce on the flock of
sheep •Le iro ji ni§ka ve weki pi§tevanen
demokratikbflne derdikevin hole (AW70D2)
But today they suddenly appear on the scene as
supporters of democratization *Ni§keva bina
k’ivava k’ete poze wan (Dz) Suddenly they
smelled kebabs. { also: nigkeve (A); (ji] ni§ka ve
(JB3/GF/OK); ji ni§ke ve (IFb); [ji-nichkiwe] A&ijj
(JJ); <ni§keve> (HH)) ?< nu = ’new' + -§k
com bin ed with j i ... ve
[F/Dz/K/B//A/HH//JB3/GF/OK//IFb]
ni§keve (A/HH) = suddenly. See ni§keva.
ni§ov (HH) = downhill slope. See ni§iv.
ni§ter (OK/JJ) = lancet. See ni§tir.
ni§ter (IFb) = spear; lancet. See ni§tir.
ni§timan (JB3) = homeland. See ni§timan.
nigtir m./f.(K/B) ( ; /-e). 1 ) ( syn: nize, f. (F);
rim] spear, pike, lance (K): -kaxeze ni§tir (F)
spades (suit in card games) ; 2) lancet, scalpel
(A/B/HH/GF/OK); 3) barpoon (A), {also: ne§ter
(IFb/GF/TF); ni§ter (OK); ni§ter (IFb-2); [nichter]
(JJ); <ne§tel> JjUJ (HH)) Cf. Skt Vniks-: niksati
= 'to pierce' & neksana- = 'sharp stick, spear';
Pashto nes = 'the sting of any venomous animal,
puncture, lancet’; P nlstar y^yp (Horn #1067) --> T
ne§ter; Sor negter = 'surgeon’s knife, lancet’
[F/K/A/B//IFb/GF/TF//JJ/OK//HH] <tir; zerg>
nigtiman jLyuxi /. (). homeland, one's native
country. | also: ni§t[i]man (JB3); nigtiman; ni§tman
(K)} [syn; welat) [K/A/JB3/IFb/Haz] <funi§tin>
ni§tman qL jUj (JB3) = homeland. See ni§timan.
ni§uv (IFb/GF) = downhill slope. See ni§iv.
nitirandin I jjj)yj vt. (-nitirin-). 1) (syn: gela ft-i
kirin) to describe, depict, portray, represent: »Li
vi §ovida qewimandin u reng u ruye
qeremaned dastanS bi yeko-yeko, qe§eng
h rind hatine nitirandin (K-d§) In this version,
the happenings and qualities of the characters of
the story were described beautifully one by one; 2)
[syn: xemilandin) to adorn, decorate, embellish; to
cover with drawings or paintings.
[K-d§/K/GF]
nivan jlfc f. (). shelter, refuge, [also: nihan, m. (Dh);
nihani I (Zeb); cnihani ^l^/nivani ^Us> (Hej)}
[syn: sit’ar) [Dh//Zeb/Hej//IFb/GF/OK]
nivandin vt. (-nivin-). 1) [syn: razandin} to
cause to sleep, put to bed; to anesthetize, put to
sleep (by means of narcotics) (K/OK); to cause to lie
down; 2) to put into the hospital (Bw). [also:
[nevandin] ^ jjlfc (JJ)) Mid P nibastan (*nibay-) =
'to lay down' (M3); Sor nuwandin (-nuwen-)
= 'to put to sleep' [Bw/K/IFb/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
<nivistin; xew>
nivej jli (M-Zx/JBl-A/GF) = namaz, salah, Islamic
prayer ritual. See nimej.
nivesin (-nives-) (Bw/Dh) = to write. See
nivisin.
nivink J-U3 (JBl-A) = bed[ding]. See nivin.
nivisandin jjuL(BK) = to write; to dictate. See
nivisandin.
nivistin Q^Jxvi. (-niv-[M/Bw/JBl-A&S]/-nivis-).
to sleep; to go to bed (IFb/JJ); to lie down (JJ): »Te
bo gi xew li xelki Keram kiriye? Niw§ew§
dest bi qijeqije dikey, naheli xelk biniwit
(SK 4:50) Why have you made sleep impossible for
people? You start crowing in the middle of the
night and do not let people sleep, {also: niwistin
(-niw-) (SK); [nywistin] is (JJ); cnivistin
(dinivise) C d-uJij J )> (HH)) [syn: rak’etin; razan) O Ir
*ni- (Tsb 72) + pad- (Tsb 38): Sor nwistin
(-no-: 3rd p. sing. -nwa-)/nustin (-nu-)
(W&E)/nustin (-nu-) (M-Sor/Muk); pad-:
[Pok. 2. ped-/p6d- in. 790.) 'foot' ~> [pedio-
2.verbal): Skt padyate = 'goes, falls'; Av paidyeiti =
'moves downward, lies down'; Mid P nibastan
(nibay-) = 'lie down, sleep' (M3); cf. also Rus past’
nacTL (padu) (na^y) = 'to fall'
[K/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/M/Bw//SK] <nivandin;
nivin; xew; xilma§>
nivi§k JjJ} (GF) = butter. See nivi§k.
nivi§t o JJr> f. (-a;-e). amulet, charm, talisman: “The
most ordinary type of healing power is believed to
be contained in the muskas (amulets) written by a
mela (religious priest, imam in Turkish). ... The
muska [nivi§t in Kurdish) is written for simple
complaints from headaches to more serious
illnesses like psychological disorders, but in this
latter case muska could be written or prepared
only by powerful, respected shaikhs and other
religious personnel.” [from: Lale Yalgm-Heckmann.
418
N
Tribe and Kinship among the Kurds (Frankfurt a.M.
et al. : Peter Lang, 1991), p, 86] {also: nivi§ti (Bw);
niwi§ti (SK); <nivi§t>o~^ (HH)] \syn: t’ilism;
t’iberk) Cf. P nevestan = ’to write'. See H. H.
Hansen. The Kurdish Woman’s Life { Copenhagen :
Ethnografiske Kaekke, 1961) for pictures of
Kurdish nivi§ts. Also, see 2 short stories by M. E.
Bozarslan in Meyro (MB): “Ji me getira," pp. 21-
24; and “Tabirr” pp. 42-48. See also B. Nikitine.
/
Les Kurdes, Etude sociologique et historique (Paris
: Imprimerie Nationale, 1956), pp. 244-47 and M.
Beyazidi. Adat u risulnameye Ekradiye, ed. & tr.
M. B. Rudenko (Moscow, 1963), pp. 27-28, who
mention visits to shaikhs or ziyarets for treatment
of illnesses; the latter also describes the occasions
for writing nivi§t .
[Haz/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//Bw//SK] cherbejn;
t’iberk>
nivi§ti ( jJ^> (Bw) = amulet. See nivi§t.
nivin ^ f. ( K/B/JJ)/m .(Z-l /B/Wn/KS)/'pl.(B)
(-a/ -e;-e/). bed (B [m./pL] ); bedding (B [f.[)\
low bed (JB3): •Doste wi ji gelek qedre wi
digirt: her tuxme te c ame xo§ ba, bi-lezet
ba, ew bo wi dirust dikir ... bo niwistine ji
niwinet gak bo wi diraexistin: lihef,
do§ek, balge, hergi gak ban ew bo wi
diinan (SK 31:274) His friend would treat him
with great respect. He would prepare for him every
kind of good and tasty food ... He would spread
fine bedding for him also, to sleep on: quilts,
mattresses, cushions, whatever fine things there
were he would bring for him *Zind k’ete nav
nivind xwe (Z-l) Zin lay down on her bed. [also:
livin II (Msr); nivink (JBl-A); niwin (SK); [niwin]
O-Ju (JJ); <nivin> qJx (HH)) [syn: ci [2]; text) for
etymology see nivistin.
lZ-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HII/GF/Wn//JBl-A//SK//Msr]
<nivistin; xew>
nivisandin ~Is vt. (-nivisin-). 1) {syn: nivisin)
to write: -mekina nivisandine (IFb) typewriter;
2) to cause to write, to dictate (BK). {also:
nivisandin (BK); [nevisandin] ^juLuy (JJ);
cnivisandin (dinivise) C(HH)) Cf.
P neveStan Qjuiy(-nevls-) (^rdtOl Sor nusin
Za nusena (Dersim)/nu§ena (Srk) [nu§ti§]
(Todd/Srk) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//BK//JJ] See
also nivisin.
nivisar f. (-a;-e). 1 ) writing, something
written; article, piece of writing; 2) (syn: afirandin;
berhem) (literary) work, opus: •Bi k£fxwe§i d
xwe§hali bi nivisara EKmede Xani dixdnin
(K-d§) They happily read from the work of Ahmed-
i Khani. {also: [nyvisar] jLoy (JJ)) Cf. Sor nusyar
jL^ 3 = ’writing, thing(s) written'
[K-d§/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <nivisin; nivisk; nivisk’ar>
nivisargi (B) = writer. See nivisk’ar.
nivisark’ar (B) = writer. See nivisk’ar.
nivisarxane (K) = office. See nivisxane.
niviser (A) = writer. See nivisk’ar.
nivisevan (K/GF) = writer. See nivisk’ar.
nivisgeh (GF/IFb) = office. See nivisxane.
nivisin vt (-nivis-). to write, {also: nivesin
(-nives-) (Bw/Dh); niwisin (SK); [nyvisin] (JJ);
cnivisandin (dinivise) ( )> (HH)) O Ir
*ni- (Tsb 72) + *pais- (Tsb 40): OP ni-pistam =
’written down'; Mid P nibistan (nibes-) (M3); P
nevestan ^yU^f-nevis-) Sor nusin
Za nusena (Dersim)/nu§ena (Srk) [nu§ti§]
(Todd/Srk); Hau niwistey (niwis-) vt (M4);*pais-:
[Pok. 1. peig-/peik- 794.] ’to cut, mark (by
incision)’: Skt pisati = 'cuts, adorns'; OP paie- = 'to
cut, engrave, adorn’; Av paes- = 'to dye, adorn'; cf.
also Lat pingo, -ere, pinxi, pictum = 'to paint, draw,
color, decorate’; Rus pisat’ iIHcaTB (pisu) (ninny)
= ’to write’ [K/IFb/JJ//HH//Bw/Dh//SK] See also
nivisandin.
nivisk J f. (). book; pamphlet, brochure, {syn:
k’iteb; p’irtuk) [JB3/IFb]
nivisk’ar m. (). writer, author: •Hinek
niviskar diyar dikin ku MHP xwe ji nti ve
saz dike u ber bi demokratikbune ve dige
(AW69A1) Some writers declare that the MHP
[Nationalist People’s Party] is re-making itself and
becoming more democratic, j also: nivisargi (B-2);
nivisark’ar (B-2); niviser (A-2); nivisevan (K/GF-2))
Cf. P nevisande ; Sor nuser j
[Ber/BX/JB3/B/lFb/GF//K//A] cnivisandin;
nivisin>
nivisxan (K) = office. See nivisxane.
nivisxan # e ajIwi f (• a;• e) . office, bureau:
• Rojek§ gazi min kir, bire nivisxana xwe
(K2-Ferik) One day he called me, and took me to
his office, {also: nivisarxane (K); nivisgeh (GF/IFb-
2); nivisxan (K-2)) cnivis- = 'to write' + P xane =
’house’ [K2-Ferik/F/IFb/B//K//GF]
419
N
nivi§k ciLLJi m. (-e; ). 1) { syn : run) butter; unsalted
butter (Msr); fresh butter (JJ): -rftn§ nivi§k[i]
(K/B/F) fresh butter; 2) cream (Msr). (aiso: nivi§k
(GF); nivi§k (A/Msr); [niwik niwichk Jj£>] (JJ);
<nivi§k> (HH)} [K/IFb/B//GF//A/HH/Msr]
nivi§kan JSJjj adj. disabled, handicapped,
crippled. [Slm/Rwn/Urm/QtrE] <goc; nivi§kan;
qop;§eht>
nivt oJb (B) = oil. See neft.
nivz _>& (GF) low. See nizm.
nivzini ^yi (EP-4) = saddle-trained. See nivzini.
■ •
niwazde ojjby (JB1-S) = nineteen. See nozdeh.
niwej (SK) = namaz, salah, Islamic prayer ritual,
niwistin (-niw-) (SK) = to sleep. See nivistin.
niwin (SK) = bed[ding]. See nivin.
niwisin (SK) = to write. See nivisin.
niwi§ti (SK) = amulet. See nivi§t.
nixaftin (Zeb/JJ/GF) = to cover. See nixamtin.
nixamtin q^\mvL (-nixem-). to cover: «Wexta
mij ft dftmane 'erd dinixamt (Ba2:l, p.203)
When fog and mist covered the earth, {also:
nixaftin (Zeb/GF-2); nixumandin (IFb-2):
nuxumandin (-nuxumin-) (A/JB3/IFb/TF/OK-2);
[nykhaftin] (JJ); <nuxumandin
(dinuxumine) C j)> (HH)} {syn: peg’avtin;
werkirin) Mid P nihuftan (nihumb-) = ’to cover
hide, conceal, clothe' (M3); Za nimiti§ (nimnena) =
’to hide, cover’ [JB2/K/B/GF/OK//A/JB3/IFb/
HH/TF//JJ/Zeb]
nixri (GF/IFb/HH) = first-born. See nuxuri.
nixumandin (IFb) = to cover. See nixamtin.
nixuri (IFb) = first-born. See nuxuri.
niyandin jjjlo (IFb) = to copulate. See nayin.
niyas ^Lo (Bw) = acquainted, familiar. See nas.
niyasin (JBl-A) = to know. See nasin.
niyet (IFb) = aim, purpose. See net.
niyin (IFb) = to copulate. See nayin.
nizar I Jyj m. (-e ; , vi nizari). shady side (of
mountain or valley) (SK) ; mountain that never
sees sunlight (A/IFb/TF): •Dibejin di
nihalekeda riwiyek hebft...car digft beroji,
car digft nizari (SK 2:9) They say there was a
fox [living] in a ravine...sometimes he would go on
the sunny side, sometimes on the shady side, {also:
zinar II (A-2/IFb/TF); <nizar> jlyj (HH)) {syn:
dubur; zimank) l^beroj) Sor nisar jLj/ nise =
ii
'shady side of mountain, ubac'; Hau nisar m. = ’the
shady side of a hill* (M4) [Zeb/Bw/A/HH/SK/Kmc-
#7622//IFb/TF] <berbero§k; beroj; qunt’ar>
nizar II Jyi (K[s]/JJ) = crag. See zinar I.
nize oj 3 f. (). l) {syn: ni§tir; rim) spear, lance; 2)
bayonet (IFb). (also; nize (IFb/GF)) Mid P nezag =
'lance' (M3) [F/K//IFb/GF]
nizim ^ (A) = low. See nizm.
nizik Jj = near (to). See nezik.
nizm ^yj adj . low: -nizm bun = to sink, drop (vi.) ,
be lowered, come down: «lro bane ode nimz
bftye (Ba) Today the ceiling/roof of the room has
fallen. [aiso; nimz (F/Ba/B); nivz (GF-2); nizim (A);
[nizm] (JJ); <nizm> ^ (HH)) {^bilind; ^quloz)
Sor nizm ^yj Inimzayi; nizmahi; nizmayi; nizmeti;
nizmi) [F/B/Ba//K/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF//A]
nizmahi ^Lyj (IF) = lowness. See nizmi.
• •
nizmati (GF) = lowness. See nizmi.
nizmayi ^Lyj (K) = lowness. See nizmi.
nizmeti (A) = lowness. See nizmi.
nizmi ^yj f. (). lowness, baseness. { also: nimzayi (B);
nizmahi (IFb); nizmati (GF-2); nizmayi (K/IFb-2);
nizmeti (A); [nizmi] ^yj (JJ)) Sor nizmayi ^Lyj =
'depression, low ground’ [K/IFb/JJ/GF//B//A]
<nizm>
nihan (A) = to copulate. See nayin.
nihandin (A) = to copulate. See nayin.
nik Jj m.(K)/f.(AB/JJ) (-e/-a; ). 1) hook; point;
hooked needle, crocheting needle (IFb): *nika
te§iya min je derket (AB) The point [or hook]
of my distaff came out; 2) wooden stick used in
raising and lowering millstone (A/IFb/HH). [also:
nek, f. (IF-2); [nik] Jj (JJ); <nek [1]; nik [2]> Llj
(HH)) Sor nuk = 'tip, point'
[AB/K/A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ]
nikah aICj (IFb) = marriage. See nikha.
nikil J£j (IFb/OK/Bw) = beak, bill; point, tip. See
nikil.
ninig JLj (IFb) = fingernail. See neynftk.
ninog Lpj (Epl) = fingernail. See neynftk.
ninok Lpj (Erg) = fingernail. See neynftk.
ninftk (IFb) = fingernail. See neynftk.
nir I 772. (-§; ). 1) {also: nire II (OK)) yoke (of oxen
pulling plough) : *Kur rabft cote xwe ft nir§
xwe derxist (J) The boy got up and took out his
plough and his yoke; -gay& nir (IFb) plow¬
pulling ox; -nir ft halet (Haz) yoke and
plow/plough; 2) {syn: hoker (neol.); rengpi§e
(neol.); zerf (F)) *adverb (IFb/OK). {also: [nir]
420
QJ); <nir> ^p (HH)} Cf. Ar nir^j = ’yoke’; Syr nirO
liJ = 'yoke; beam of a loom’ [J/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/TF/Haz//OK] <halet; mijane; sermijank;
xenike>
nir II ^p m. Q. time, period, season: «Mi her gar
nir§ sal§ di (Z-885) I have seen all four seasons
of the year. [Z-885/IFb/Hej] <demsal; serdem; werz
[ 2 ]>
nir»e I m. (*e; ). thin wooden beam[s] (in ceiling
of traditional Kurdish house, as opposed to gante,
thick wooden beams (Bw)); rafter[s] [Germ.
Dachsparren] (OK]: *Ev nire ye kurt e (Bw)
This beam is short. Cf. Syr niro libJ = yoke; beam
of a weaver's loom, weft'; Sor nirge <Jbp = 'roof-
tree, main beam of roof [Bw/OK] <garite; k’eran>
nire II o^p (OK) = yoke. See nir I[l]
niri (Bw/Dh) = third of a dozen, unit of four. See
ntiri.
niro jDP (JB3) = noon; south. See nivro.
Nisan jUp f (-a;-§). April: •[Taviya Nisane,
hSjaya male Xuristane] (BG) An April
cloudburst is worth all the riches of the universe
[proverbial saying], {also: [nisanl jLp (JJ); <nisan>
(HH); [nigane] (BG)) Syr nisan ^jj [Heb
nisan ID*’!)] —> Ar nisan Qdp; corresponds to last
part o/Newroz[mang] [JjLf^^/Xakelewe
(P farvardln ^ j[A ries] & 1st part of
y
Guian Q%?7Banemer L (P ordi behest
[Taurus] [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/
OK//BG]
nisk /. (-a;-e). lentil(s), bot. Lens culinaris:
•baqe niskane (Dz) a handful of lentils; -niska
kesk (CB) green lentils; -niska sor (CB) yellow
lentils. (a7so:nizk (JB3/OK-2); [nisk] (JJ);
<nisk> d^p (HH)] Cf. P nask /nazag
.^jp/narask; JL_p Sor nisk d~~p
[Dz/K/A/IFh/B/IIII/SK/GF/TF/OK/AA/CB//IB3//IIl
<mi§ewi§>
ni§a Lpp: -ni§a dan (Bw) = to show; to teach. See ni§an
dan under: ni§an.
ni§an ^Upp f. (-a;-6). 1 ) sign, symbol; mark: -ni§an
kirin/~ dan/ni§a dan (Bw/Dh)/ni§@ dan
(Bar)/§ani dan (L/E§) ~ a) to show; to signal:
•Dtirva ni§an kire (J) He signalled from afar
•Eva ji kirase wiye, me aniye ni§ani tedin
(Ba) And this is his shirt, we brought it to show you
•Ez d§ ni§a te dem (Bw) I will show you; b) to
teach, instruct: *Diya me ji bi me ra hat da
ku pincaran §ani me bide (Spink, tir§o,
mendik, pekesk H.D.) (E§, p.8) Our mother
came with us too, to teach us about edible plants
[pincar] (meadow salsify, sorrel, mendik , pekesk ,
etc.) •Hun zimane Kurdi ni§a zarok£t xwe
diden? (Dh) Do you teach your children Kurdish?;
-t’iliya ni§ane (F/B)/~ni§andeke
(IF)/~ni§ankirin£ (K) index finger, pointer ( syn:
tiliya §ade (Msr)l; 2) medallion; 3) {also: ni§ani)
engagement ceremony (JJ): -ni§ana fk-e danin
(Z-2) to betroth, engage: «A vega ni§ana w§
dayne (Z-2) Then betrothe her; 4) aim (in
shooting) (Bw); 5) birthmark (Bw). {also: ni§a
(Bw/Dh); ni§e (Bar); §ani (L/E§); [nichan ^Uj/nichi
(JJ); <ni§an> jLpp (HH)] Mid P nisan = ’sign,
mark, banner' (M3); P nisan jLpp — > T ni§an; Sor
ni§an jLpp = 'sign, target, medal worn as honour'
& pigan [=pe ni§an] dan jl jjLpo = 'to show’ See
ni§an in: I. Gershevitch. “Iranian Words
Containing -an-,” C. E. Bosworth (ed.). Iran and
Islam : In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky
(Edinburgh, 1971), pp.272-79; reprinted in his
Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-Williams
(Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985),
pp. 242-49. [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JB 1-
A&S/GF/TF/ OK//Bw//Bar//L/E§] <deq; xal II>
ni§ani ^Up = engagement ceremony. See ni§an [3].
ni§ev vJcupp (EP-7) = midnight. See niv [1]: nive §eve.
ni§e dan ( ypp (Bar) = to show; to teach. See ni§an
dan under: ni§an.
ni§timan = homeland. See ni§timan.
ni§tman ^L^-ip (K) = homeland. See ni§timan.
niv dips m. (-§; ). 1) half: *Heyani niv saet§ i§§
wan heye (L) They have up to (=no more than) a
half hour's work; -niv§ §eve/niveka §ev@ (B§k)
= midnight {also: ni§ev (EP-7)); 2) {syn: naverast]
center, middle; 3) [prep.] among, amid[st]: -di
niv[a] ... da = do. {also: nav): «[di niv[a]
ekradan] (JR) among the Kurds, {also: niw (SK);
[niw] dp (JJ); <niv> dp (HH)] Cf. Skt nema- =
'half; Av naema- = 'half (in naeme asni); Mid P
nem = 'half & nemag = 'half, side, direction' (M3); P
nlm ^p (Horn #1069 & Hiibsch); Sor niw^p; Za
nim (Mai); Hau nim m. (M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/JB1-A&S/GF//SK] <nav II; navend; navin> See
also nivi.
nivan ^Up (Mzg) = guest. See mdvan.
421
N
nivderzin qJjojXj f. Q. half dozen, six. [Bw]
<derzin; §e§>
nivi§k JjuL j (A/HH/Msr) = butter. See nivi§k.
nivi§kan q[ SXlJ adj. incomplete, unfinished, {also:
[niwichkan] ^tCXs (JJ)} [Hk/JJ] <nivi§kan>
nivi f.(K)/m.(B) Q. 1) {syn: naverast) center,
middle: -tiliya nevi (Msr) middle finger {also:
tiliya nave (K)/~navin (IF)) {syn: t’iliya ort’e
(F/K/B)); 2) half (of a whole), {also: nevi (Msr/A/IF-
2 ); [niwi] Jp (JJ); <ni[v]i> Ji]-J (HH)}
[K/IF/B/JJ/HH//Msr/A] <nav II; navik; navend;
navin> See also n!v.
niv’in f (). unripe, green almond [T gagla].
[also: bin c in (Twn)){ syn: behivter; gil’in (Haz); gerih
(Frq)) [Mtk//Twn] <behiv>
nivro m./f.(B/OK) ( ; /-e). 1) {syn: de’n [l]J
noon: •Heyani hukme nivro rflni§tin = They
sat until noon »Ro hatibil nivroj (FK-eb-l) The
noon hour came [lit. ’the day came to noon'];
-pi§ti nivro (BX) (in the) afternoon; 2) {syn:
ba§ur) south (JB3) [cf. It pomeriggio]. {also: niro
(JB3); nivroj (FK-eb-l/JBl-S/TF/OK-2); niwfo (SK);
[niw-rouj] pj oLj(JJ); <nivro>_^JlJ (HH)( Mid P
nem-roz = 'midday, south' (M3); Sor niwero
Hau nimero m. (M4) [L/K/A/lFb/B/HH/GF/
OK//JB3//JJ/JBl-S/TF/FK-eb-l//SK] <roj>
nivroj (FK-eb-l/JBl-S/TF/OK) = noon. See
nivro.
nivsaet f. (-a; ). half hour, thirty minutes:
•Pi§ti nivsaeta din dive ez herim (KS, p.52)
In another half hour I must go. {also: nivsehet (K);
niwsa’et (SK)) [KS//K//SK]
nivsehet (K) = half hour. See nivsaet.
nivzini adj. being trained to wear a saddle,
• •
being 'broken in’ (of horses) : *Hespa nivzini (K)
Horse being trained to wear a saddle •Siabende
Silivi ce’nuke nivzini siyare (EP-4, #30)
Siyabend the Silivi is out riding a newly saddled
colt. { also: nivzini (EP-4)) [EP-4//K] <zin I>
niwfo x (SK) = noon. See nivro.
niw sa'et (SK) = half hour. See nivsaet.
niyan qLp (Haz/Msr) = to copulate. See nayin.
niyet (KS/SK) = aim, purpose. See net.
nize (IFb/GF) = spear, lance; bayonet. See nize.
nizing (H2) = near. See nezik.
nizk (JB3/OK) = lentil. See nisk.
nmej pp = namaz, salah, Islamic prayer ritual. See
nim§j.
no p adj. sharp, hot (peppers), severe, {also: [no]y (JJ))
(syn; tuj) [Rwn/Qm§/A/IFb/JJ/GF/FJ]
noba Ljp = a turn; patrol. See nobet.
nobe pp (GF/SK) = a turn; patrol. See nobet.
nobedar jtaoujp (B/JJ/GF) = person on duty; guard. See
nobetdar.
nobedgi ^j^p (Z-3) = person on duty; guard. See
• •
nobetdar.
nobet <±>*>op f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: dor; ger II[3];
sire](one's) turn (in line) ; 2) patrol, watch, guard
duty: *Nobeta we ki§and (L) He took your (pi.)
turn [at standing guard]: -nobe girtin (SK) to keep
watch, {also: noba; nobe (GF-2/SK-2);
[nouba/noube] *p> (JJ); <newbet> coy (HH)) < Ar
nawbah *p --> T nobet [L/K/IFb/B/SK/GF//JJ/HH]
nobetgi c jpoop = person on duty; guard. See
• •
nobetdar.
nobetdar J m. (). 1) person on duty; orderly;
2) guard, sentinel, sentry, watchman, {also:
nobedar (B); nobedgi (Z-3); nobetgi; [nobeci
^^/nobe-dar/nobadar jlj ) (JJ))
[Z-3/IFb//K//B/JJ/GF] <nobet>
nod sp (K/B/IFb/HH) = ninety. See not.
nogen p (GF) = heifer. See nogin.
nogin Q?p f (-a;-e). 1) heifer; two-year-old cow
(B§k/Wn); three-year-old cow (IFb/HH/OK); young
cow which has not yet calved (Bw); 2) girl (slang)
(K§). {also: nagon (Msr); nehengol (Bw); nehgon
(GF-2); nengonk (B§k); nogen (GF); nogon (A);
nogun (Wn); nugul (K§); nugun (Mzg); nuhgon (GF-
2); <n[o]gin> pfp (HH)) Sor nwengin [nongin]
q-Sj. p = 'yearling heifer'
[K/IFb/B/IIII/OK//GF//B§k//A//Wn//Bw] <g’elek; ga>
*nogon pfp (A) = heifer. See nogin.
nogun (j^p (Wn) = heifer. See nogin.
nojdar J\j>(p m. (). doctor, physician, {syn: biji§k;
duxtor; liek’im) [Zeb/Zx]
nok Jp m./f(B) (-§/; /-e). 1) chickpea(s), garbanzo
bean(s): »Nok gfi baj§r, bfi leblebfi (AB) The
pea went to town, and became a sunflower seed; 2)
peapod (B). {also: nehk (Hk/GF-2); nik II (Bg);
[nouk] Jp (JJ); <nok> Jp (HH)) Mid P naxod
(M3); P noxod ~>T nohut ; Sor nok Jp
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//JJ//Bg//Hk]
<alinok>
noke oSp (Bw/SK) = now. See niha.
nola yp prep, like, similar to; as: *Bor nola teyra
difiriya (Z-l) The horse flew like a bird [lit. ’like
422
birds’], {also: nolani (B-2/GF); noli (JB3/IFb-2);
notla (K); notlani (K-2)] ( syn: fena; mina; §iti II;
wek) ?< metathesis of clq. Ar Ion = 'color'
[Z-l/BX//K/IFb/B//JB3//GF]
nolani (B/GF) = like, as. See nola.
noli ^p (JB3/IFb) = like, as. See nola.
noq I -noq bun (K/GF) to plunge, dive into
water (vi.) ; -noq kirin (K/GF) to plunge, dip (vt.).
[K/JB3/IFb/GF]
noq II (Wlt/GF) = waist. See newq.
noqav J'Up /. (). submarine: •noqaven me hinde
zehf gemiy£n Japoni en bar d banzinke§
bin av kirine ko... (Rn) Our submarines have
sunk so many Japanese freight ships and tankers
that... [(neol)Rn/K/JB3/IFb/GF]
not op nuni. ninety, 90. j also: nehwet (Hk); newhet
(Ag-villages); nod (K/B/IFb); [noud jp/ nehvid]
(JJ); <nod> jpfHH)) Skt navatay-; Av navaHlm
[acc.]; Mid P nawad (M3); P navad j* 3; Sor newed
jojaj; Za neway (Todd); Hau newed (M4)
[K/B/IFb/HH//A/JB3/GF//JJ/Hk] <neh>
notla ^bp (K) = like, as. See nola.
notlani ^^p (K) = like, as. See nola.
nozde ojjp (A/B/HH/M-Sur & Shn [nozda]; M-Ak
[nozda])/nozde ojJap (M-Zx & Gul) = nineteen. See
nozdeh.
nozdeh Aojjp nuni. nineteen, 19. f also: nanzde (M-
Am & Bar); nazde (JB1-A); niwazde (JBl-S); nozde
(A/B-2/M-Sur & Shn [nozda]; M-Ak [nozda]);
nozde (M-Zx & Gul); [nouz-deh ojp/dehounou
ppf>j>] (JJ); <nozde[h]> oj jp (HH)) Skt navadasa; Av
navadasa = nineteenth; Mid P nozdah (M3);
nuzdah ojjp; Sor nozde ojjp; Za newes/desunew
(Todd); Hau noze (M4) lF/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/SC//A//JJ]
<neh; not>
nozin Qjjp (Trg) = four-year-old colt. See nuzin.
nu p (IF) = new. See nu.
nugul J £p (K§) = heifer. See nogin.
nugun <j£p (Mzg) = heifer. See nogin.
nuh &p (A/B) = new. See nd.
nuhgon (jgjtp (GF) = heifer. See nogin.
nuhi ^ptp £ (). newness, {also: nuhti) [IFb] <nu>
• •
nuhti (j^tp (IF) = newness. See nuhi.
nuhu ptp (Ad) = new. See nd.
nukrosk JPpjfp (Zeb) = nodding off. See nuqrosk.
nukrusk J^jPp> (Zeb) = nodding off. See nuqrosk.
nukul dPp (Z-3/IFb/JJ) = beak, bill; point, tip. See
nikil.
nuqrosk JL ,$jp pl.(JBl-A)/£(OK) (). nodding off,
nodding of the head as one dozes off. *Her
neqlekd y§ nuquluska didet li pi§t kdrhS d
hostay§ wi ye bisteke ho li c ure wi didet
(JBl-A, #103) Every time he nods off to sleep
behind the hearth, his boss poked his belly like so
with an iron skewer, j also: nukrosk (Zeb-2);
nukrusk (Zeb-2); nuqrusk (Zeb-2); nuqulusk (JBl-
A/OK); cnuqirsk oL pp/nuqursk jpp> (Hej))
[Zeb//JBl-A/OK//Hej] <xew; xilma§>
nuqrusk JL 3 pp (Zeb) = nodding off. See nuqrosk.
nuqug ^pp f. (). pincb, tweak: *Bav6 wi nuqugek
lexist (L) His father pinched [or, nudged] him
•Lawo, ca were nuqug’keke sere minxe (J)
Son, come pinch me. j also: nuqurg (K[s]/IFb))
f syn: quncirik) [J//K(s)/IFb]
nuqulusk JLjJpp (JBl-A/OK) = nodding off. See
nuqrosk.
nuqurg gjpp (K[s]/IFb) = pinch. See nuqug.
nuqutin ^pp vi. (-nuqut-). to drip: •XilolikSn
hSsiren gaven merik di ser riwe wi y§
nekurkiri de gerdibun ser gena wi d pa§e
dinuqutin ’erde (KS, p.10) The tiny hailstones of
the man’s tears rolled down bis unsbaven face onto
his chin and then dripped onto the ground, {also:
niqitin (K/B); niqutin (A/IFb/TF); cniqetin
(dineqiti) (HH)) {syn: g’ikin] Cf. niqitk =
• %
'drop (of a liquid) ' < Ar nuqtah ih# = 'point, dot'
[KS//A/IFb/TF//K/B//HH]
nuxumandin (-nuxumin-) (A/JB3/IFb/HH/
TF/OK) = to cover. See nixamtin.
nuxuri ^j^p m. (-ye; ). first-born child, oldest son
• m
(or brother): *Bire mezin—nuxuriye
damariya Osib simele xwe ba dan (Ba-1,
#31) The oldest brother—the first born of Joseph’s
stepmother-twirled his moustache «Ez ndxuriy§
diya xwe me (Lab, 56) I am my mother's first¬
born child, j also: nerxi (Zeb); nexri (IFb-2/OK/
Bw); nixri (GF-2/IFb-2); nixuri (IFb-2); nuxuri
(Lab); nuxwiri (K); [noukhri] (S p^ i (JJ); <nixri> (S p^
(HH)) M. Schwartz: < O Ir *nahwa- = 'first, up
front', cf. [Pok. nas- 755.] 'nose' + cf. Mid P redag =
'child'; Cf. P naxiri = 'a first-born child' (Stein-
gass) & noxost o -~.= 'first'; = Sor nobere oj«up
[Ba-l/Rwn/A/IFb/B/GF//K//Lab //JJ//HH//OK/Bw//Zeb)
nu^p adj. new, fresh: *Cilen nd zarukan kefxwe§
dikin (AB) New clothes make the children happy.
(aiso;new; nu (IFb-2); nuh (A-2/IFb-2/B-2); n(u)hd
423
N
(Ad); [nou/ neou]^3 (JJ); <nu >^ (HH)} [syn: t’aze)
[Pok. neuos/-ios 769.] 'new': Skt nava-; Av nava-;
Mid P nog (M3); P no^3; Sor no jp/nwe [no] £* 3 ; Za
• •
newe (Mal/Todd); Hau no (M4); cf. also Lat novus;
Gr neos vcog; Arm nor ‘unp (*nouero-) {nuh[t]i|
[Ad//AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/ B/HH/SK/GF//JJ] <ji nu
ve>
nflge /. (-ya; ). 1) (piece of) news, information,
news report: •Ntigeya me ya ku di hejmara
42 an de, li ser HEP’e ... derket (Wit 1:43,
p.8) Our report in issue 42, about HEP ... went out;
2) {syn: cab [2]; xeber[l]) [in pL] news: *Nilgeyen
§ehidbuna wan hestirSn me diherikinin
(Wit 1:32, p.2) News of their martyrdom causes
our tears to flow »Roja Nil, rojnamek hefteyi
ya siyasi bti. Le gava em li naveroka we
dinerin, em dibinin ciye ku daye ware
edebi u folklori ji ye nhge u gotaren
siyasi ne kemtir e (RN-intro) Roja Nu was a
political weekly newspaper. But when we look at
its contents, we see that the space given to the fields
of literature and folklore are not less than that
[given to] news and political reporting.
[(neol)RN/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
ntijen adj. modern, contemporary; brand new.
[syn: hemdem) [K/A/IFb/GF/TF]
ntiner j*6^ m.&f. ( /-a; ). representative: *Par
havine ji ez nunera Norwece ye NY’e bum
(Wit 1:37, p.16) Last summer I was the Norwegian
representative to the UN. [also: nuner (Wlt- 2 ))
<Sor n[i]wener j<uj^ 3 <niwandin (-niwen-) = 'to
show, display, represent'; 'to be appealing, to look
like, appear (EM)' [nunerti) [(neol)Wlt] <§andiyar>
nunerti f. (-ya; ). representation: *Mesud
Barzani ft Celal Telabani tene niinertiya
xwe ft ya malbata xwe dikin (Wit 1:37, p.2)
Massoud Barzani and Jelal Talabani represent only
themselves and their own families. [(neol)Wlt]
<nuner>
nuner (Wit) = representative. See nuner.
nunik (Hk) = fingernail. See neynilk.
nfir JJt3 j f. (-a;-e). (source of) light: -nura sib§ (B)
morning light. Wso: <nur> jy> (HH)) {syn/rohni;
ronahi) < Ar nur [EP-7/K/IFb/B/HH]
rnftri Q. unit of four items, or one-third of
mf mm
a dozen (unit for counting): *Qar nan nuri ne
(Bw) Four loaves of bread are a nuri (1/3 of a
dozen). { also: niri (Bw-2/Dh-2)j Cf. Sor nordu
33 Jjp/nirdu^j _p= 'flaps of bread folded for journey’
[Bw/Dh] <derzin>
niltik f (-a;-e). young louse: »Sipi ri§ka
dikin, ri§k dibin nutik, nutik dibin sipi
(Qrj) Lice lay nits, nits become nutik [=young
lice], nutik become lice. [Qrj/IFb/GF/FJ] <ri§k; spi
n>
nuxuri (Lab) = first-born. See nuxuri.
♦ ♦
nuxwiri (K) = first-born. See nuxuri.
nuzin m. (). a colt or foal old enough to be
saddled, i.e., a four-year-old colt, {also: nozin (Trg);
[nou-zin] (JJ); <nuzin> ^.j *3 (HH))
[Trg//IFb/JJ/HH/GF/FJ] <berzin I; cani>
nyasin (M/Zx/Bw) - to know. See nasin.
424
Y?
ob*e *Sp f. ( ;•§). oba , Kurdish nomadic group
consisting of 10 to 20 tents: *Obeke t’eze
[hatiye] li weye (EP-5, #2, #3) A new oba has
come here, [also: [obe] (JJ); <obe> (HH))
< T oba = group of nomads (under authority of a
chief) 1 [EP-5/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] Ce§iret; qebile;
t’ayfe>
ocax £la£5 f.(Jf/SK)/m.(B/OK) (-a/; /ocex). 1) oven,
furnace; 2) [syn: pixerik) hearth, fireplace
(A/IFb/JJ); 3) family (IFb), clan; offspring,
descendants: *Du muro hebun ji ’e§ireta
Miztiri Jori, ji gunde Argo§, nave yek!
l Abdi bu, nave ye di c Aziz. Her du ji
ocaxek§ btin, ocaxa wan dib§jine Mam
§aran (SK 18:166) There were two men of the
Upper Mizuri tribe, from the village of Argosh. one
of whom was called Abdi and the other Aziz.
They were both of one clan, called Mam Sharan.
Sometimes used as collective noun , e.g.: «Noke ji
li nav Zebariyan, li gunde Perise, ocaxa
wan mayne, disa dewletmend in (SK 38:342)
Even now bis descendants are still to be found in
the village of Parisa, among the Zebaris, and they
are still rich; -ocax kor biln (K) to be wiped out,
become extinct (of a family line) ; -ocax kor
kirin (K) to wipe out, render extinct (a
family/lineage) ; 4) saint’s tomb, shrine, place of
pilgrimage (JJ): *[lcari jine gotiye ku "ji boy
gi em bigine mala §exi?" Isma c il dibeje:
"Ew ocax e. Hiln bigine we dere M ] (JR 6)
Then the wife said, "Why should we go to the
sheikh's house?” Ismail says: "It is a shrine [or, holy
place]. You go there.” [also: ocax (B-2/SK); [odjag]
(JJ)} < T ocak = 'oven'
[K/A/JB3/lFb/B/GF/OK//J]/JR/SK] cicax; qebile; war>
ocax^hw^j (B/JJ/SK) = oven; furnace; hearth; family;
shrine. See ocax.
oda )jp = room. See ode.
od«e ojjp f. (•a/»eya;«6). 1) [syn: mezel [1]; ot’ax)
room, chamber; 2) diwan, hall in which a dignitary
receives guests (HH): *Zivistana ... carcara
Svara oda meda mer§d gund berev dibrin
(Ba2:l, p.204) In winters ... sometimes the men of
the village would congregate in our diwan in the
evenings, [also: oda; [oda hj)/ode ojj)] (JJ); <ode>
ojj) (HH)} < T oda-> clq. Ar otjah )
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/OK/RZ//JJ]
ogeg (K) = young ram. See hogig.
ol JjJ f. (-a; ). religion, faith: *Dive em vi neyare
ola xwe ji gunde xwe biqewitinin (Ardu,
p.57) We must expel this enemy of our religion
from our village, (syn: din III} Cf. T yol = 'way,
road' [Msr/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ/AId]
olam p'Vp f. (-a;-e). 1) (syn: bac; be§; xer[a]c; xuk}
tax; 2) [also: olam[t]i (B); [olami houlam
(JJ)) [syn: *suxre} corvee, forced labor (JJ/B):
•Eger diwan, meriyed we pe biHesin ku
k’urd dixwazin herne Ermenistan§, wS
pez u deware wana je bistinin, mera
bigirin bavejne kele yane ji bibine olam£
(Ba2-3, p.214) If the porte [Ottomans] or its people
find out that the Kurds want to go to Armenia, they
will take their sheep and cattle from them, arrest
the men and throw them into the citadel or carry
them off into corvee; 3) indentured servant, person
forced into corvee (B). [Z-922/K/B//JJ]
olami (B/JJ) = corvee, forced labor. See olam [2].
olamti (B) = corvee, forced labor. See olam [2].
• • r
olan ^yp f. (). echo, reverberation: -olan dan (Epl)
to echo [syn: deng vedan}: «Denge ve hewara
wi li zinaren giyayen hember olan dide u
bi du se dengan disa li me vedigere (Epl,
34) The sound of his cry for help echoes off the
cliffs of the mountains opposite, and comes back to
us in two or three voices, [also: alan (IFb/RF-2)}
(syn; dengvedan) [Epl/RF//IFh]
olgek p (). unit of weight for measuring grain,
appr. 25 kg. in Nusaybin (A), 35 kg. in other
places (IFb); 5 olgeks equal a full sack or 10
safihas (GF). <T olgek = 'unit of dry measure, 1/4
of kile' < olgmek = 'to measure' [Qz]/A/iFL>/GF/TF/FJ]
olda§ jilUp m. (). friend, companion, comrade:
•[Melayek u du nefer mirofed cahil
nexwendi her se bfryine olda§ed yektidti]
(JR) A mullah and two ignorant, unlettered men
were traveling companions, [also: [oldach] •
jiljJjKJJ)} (syn: dost; heval; hogir) < T yolda§ =
’traveling companion’ [JR/TG2/JBl-S/PS/JJ/Mosul
(Lalish)]
oik I JU p f (-a;-e). hoop, circle, ring (final link in a
chain, used to connect the chain to such things as a
wooden post dr a pocket watch) . [syn: xelek} cf.
425
o
Sor eiqe = 'ring, circle' [AB/Xp] <hegi I>
oik 5 II (K-2/EH) = empire. See ork’e.
olke (GF) = region; empire. See ork’e.
omet f (-a;-e). community, people (of Islam):
•K’i ne ji xireteye, ne ji ometeye (Dz,
#17:384) He who doesn't show zeal (or concern) is
not part of the community [prv.] *Ma em ji ne ji
ometa Mihemed in? (Lab 60) But aren't we also
part of Mohammed’s people? [also: ummet (SK);
<ummet> o-d (HH)) < Ar ummah = 'people,
nation, community'; Sor omet o *-*p
[Dz/Lab/K/IFb/OK//HH/SK] <civak>
omid = hope. See omid.
omid p*p m.(F)/f.(K) (). hope, [also: omid; ornud;
unhid f. (K); [oumoud jjJ/oumid (JJ)) (syn:
hevi) < P omid [F//JJ//K]
omud ^jp - hope. See omid.
ordek J o^jp (A) = duck. See werdek.
ordi jp f. (-ya;-ye). army: • Qeret’ajdin bi
ordiya xweba (FK-eb-1) Q. and his army
•[Weku §ere Rom d Irane li de§ta Ale§kere
buyi orduya Rome revi u belav buy!] (JR
#39,120) When the Turco-Iranian war took place
on the plain of Ele§kirt, the Turkish army was
routed and dispersed. ( also: [ordoujj^l/ordoui
(JJ)) ( syn: arte§; esker [2]; le§ker) < T ordu =
’army’ [FK-1/K/B//JJ]
orin (j^'jp vi. (-or-). 1) to moo, low; to bellow; 2) [/.
(-a;)] mooing, lowing; bellowing: *Bu orina
g§lekan u golikan (AB) There was the mooing
of cows and calves. [AB/K/B] <k’alin>
ork’*e *fjp f. (*a; ). 1) empire, monarchy,
kingdom: *[or ki ’agamustane] (LC-1) The
kingdom of Persia *Ciqas olk’a wida t’elal
hene (EH) How many heralds there are in his
kingdom; 2) region, [also: oik 5 II (K-2/EH); olke
(GF); ork’et (K-2); [orka oS'J /orket/orketa] (JJ)) cf. P
olka ISCM = 'region; kingdom'; Geo olki =
'region'; T ulke = ’country’; Sor wulge =
'province, region'; NA olka f. - 'city, country'
(Garbell) [EH//K//JJ//GF]
ork’et o *Pjp (K) = empire. See ork 5 e.
ort o jp (BX)/ort 5 (B) = center; among. See ort 3 e.
ort 5 a b 'Jp (Z-l) = among, between. See ort’e [2],
ort’*e <3ojp f (•a;*£). 1) [syn: niv; nivi) center,
middle: -ji ort’e Takirin = to do away with,
remove (cf. T ortadan kaldirmak; P az miyan
bordan ji}: *Ev zordesti ... ji ort£
hate rakirin (Ber) This force ... was done away
with; -k’etin ort’e = a) to pass (time) [syn: derbaz
bun): *Cend deqe nek’etine ort’e (Z-l) A few
minutes had barely passed *£end sal k’etin
orte (K) A few years passed/intervened [lit. 'fell in
the middle']; b) to interfere, meddle; -t’iliya ort’e
(F/K/B) middle finger [syn: tiliya nave (K)/~navin
(IF)/~nevi (Msr)); 2) [also: ort’a ... (Z-l)} [prep.]
among, between [according to BX, used mainly in
Western dialects]: *Niqitkeke xilna wi disa
pekiya ort’a M. vi Z. (Z-l) A drop of his bood
(again) fell between M. and Z. [also: ort 5 (B)} < T
orta = 'center' [BX/Ad/Z-l/K//B] <hol II; nav II;
navend; niv>
orxan jU- jp f. ( ;-e). quilt: -orxan-do§ek (IS)
quilts and mattresses, bedroom appurtenances.
[also: orxan (K/GF/IS); [ourgan] (JJ)} <T
yorgan [Ag/F/B//IS/K/GF//JJ] <lihef>
orxan jG jp (K/GF/IS) = quilt. See orxan.
ost*a Ipp m. ( ;•§). master (of a trade or profession),
master artisan; one in charge: *Hustay dest bi
ava kirina p’ire kir vi p’ira xo ava kir (M-
Zx #775) The master-builder began to build the
bridge and he built his bridge, [also: hosta (B-2);
husta (M-Zx); [ousta] (JJ)} Cf. P ostad jLJ -->
Ar ustad jLJ —> Clq Ar usta L5 k^l; Ar--> Sp Usted
= ’you (polite form) ’ (hostati; ostati; [oustai]
(JJ)} [L/Z-l/K/B//JJ//M-Zx] <mamosta>
ostati j[pp f ()• master artisanship, skilled
craftsmanship; masterliness, expertise, [also: hostati
(K-2); [oustai] (JJ)} [K/B//JJ] <osta>
ot’ax ~Pp f. (-a;-e). room, chamber: *Ew ot’axe
garnikal eynekiri buye (Ba-1, #17) That room
was covered with mirrors on all four sides, [also:
ot’ax (B-2); [otag] Mjjl (JJ)} {syn: mezel [1]; ode} < P
otaq jltl [Ba/F/K/B//JJ]
ot’ax £pp (B) = room. See ot’ax.
otel J pp (K/JB3) = hotel. See litel.
oti [jp (IFb/OK) = [flatjiron. See ut’i.
■ ■
oxgir pSp f. (). drawstring, (syn: doxin} <T ugkur
[Dy] <§alvar>
oxir pp (Z-l/IF/B) = (good) luck. See oxir.
oxir pp f. (-a;-e). luck, good luck, fortune: • Oxira
te a xere be (L)/Oxra te b xer (JBl-
S)/Wexera te bi xer (M-Ak, #545) Bon voyage!
Farewell!; -Oxir be = Good bye (said by the host
426
o
remaining behind after a guest signals his intention
to leave by saying Xatird te, qv. [cf. T giile
giile, in answer to Alla[h'a i]smarladik]l ; -ser
oxre (EP-7)/serike we oxire! (XF) absolutely,
certainly, without fail, {also: oxir (Z-l/IF/B); oxra
(JB1-S); oxur (GF-2); wexer (M-Ak); [ogour] jpp
(JJ)} < T ugur = 'good luck, good omen'; Sor oxir
jp - ’fortunate going (polite term for movements
of another person)' [L/K/GF//lFb/B//Jj//jBi-S//M-Ak]
oxra )j>p (JBl-S) = (good) luck. See oxir.
oxur jpp (GF) = (good) luck. See oxir.
oyin ^p f. ( ;-e). calamity, disaster, misfortune;
mishap; trouble, unpleasantness: *Geleki
du§urmi§ bti: “fieyran, go, hela were ve
oyin§ binhSre, ... ez§ ga t’ev ve meymtin§
fazem?” (Z-920, p. 288) He was very distraught,
thinking “oh boy, look at this mess [Pm in] ...
how can I sleep with this monkey?” *Oyin hate
sere wi (K/XF) Misfortune befell him; -oyin
anin sere fk-i (K/XF)/oyin kirin sere fk-t
(Z-821) to bring disaster upon s.o.: *Go, k 5 afir§
te xe, te bikuje, oyinek§ ser£ te bike,
vegere here (Z-821, p. 131) He said, “The infidel
will strike you, kill you, bring a calamity upon
you, [and] then go back [where he came from]”
• Xude zane, naka gi oyin ser@ wi anine
(Z-821, p. 133) God knows what disaster they
have brought down on him now. [also: oyn (B))
<T oyun = 'game; dance'; cf. Sor ayn-u-oyin
O^p j Qjp = ’prevarication, equivocation’
[Z-821/Z-920/K//B]
oyn qj p (B) = disaster, trouble. See oyin.
427
j
P/P’ „
p’a b (Ba2) = part, portion. See p’ay.
pac ^b (A) = skylight. See p’ace.
paca L>b (TG2) = skylight. See p’ace.
p’ac*e f. (*a;*e). skylight (IFb/TG2); dormer
window [lucarne] (JJ); window (IFb/A/Msr): •Stiya
Zin derk’etiye p’acS li wan dii 3 §ine (Z-2)
Lady Zin went out to look at them through the
skylight, [also: pac (A); paca (TG2-2); paga (TG2-2);
pege I (TG2-2); [badje ^L/paja <^b/L.b] (JJ)) { svn:
k’ulek; rojin) Cf. P bajeng Jl^b = ’small window’
[Z-2/IFb/TG2/Msr//JJ//A] <p , encere; pixerik>
pag 5 I ^b f. ( kiss: -pag 3 kirin (K/B/IFb) to kiss
s.o. (vt.) [svn: hatin ruye fk-e; mag 5 kirin;
ramusan): «Zine surte xwe direji dewre§ kir,
dewre§ ter pag 3 kir (FK-eb-1) Zin held up her
cheeks for the dervish, and he showered them with
kisses; -hev pag 5 kirin (K/B) to kiss [one another]
(vi.) . | syn: mag 7 ; ramusan) [K/B/IFb]
P’ag’ II € L m. (-e; ). l) {syn: kerkon; kevnik [2];
p’ate II; perok) rag, coarse cloth (A/IFb/HH):
-p 3 ag 3 e hevlr (A/IF] cheesecloth; 2] pach , a type
of man's overcoat (K); long oriental robe (JJ). {also:
page (GF-2); [patch] ^b (JJ]; <pag> ^b (HH))
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <p 5 ag[’]ik; p’ate II>
paga LL (TG2] = skylight. See p 3 ace.
page <\^b (GF] = patch; rag. See p 3 ag’ II & p’ate II.
p 3 ag[ 3 ]ik JUL m.(K)/f.(B) { ; /-§). 1) rag (K/IFb); 2]
diaper, nappy (K/B). [K/B/IFb] <p 3 ag 3 II; p 7 eg 3 ek>
p’adi§a UjL (B) = king, ruler. See p 3 ad§a.
padi§ah aUjL (-e; ) (B/JB3/GF) = king, ruler. See
p 3 ad§a.
padi§ahi (GF) = kingship. See p 3 ad§ati.
••
p 3 adi§ahti jL (B) = kingship. See p 3 ad§ati.
p 3 adi§ati (B/GF) = kingship. See p 3 ad§ati.
p’adi§ayi (B) = kingship. See p 3 ad§ati.
• ■
padi§ah aL^jL (IFb) = king, ruler. See p 3 ad§a.
padi§e jI> (A) = king, ruler. See p 3 ad§a.
p 3 ad§*a UjL. ni. ( ;•§). king, padishah, ruler:
•P 3 ad§§ go (J) The king said, [also: p’adi§a[h] (B);
padi§ah (-e; ) (B/JB3/GF); padi§ah (IFb); padi§e (A);
p’ad§ah (K); p’at§ah (-e; ) (FK-eb-l); [patsca
UjL/padisah oUjL] (JJ); <padi§a> UjL (HH)) {syn:
hakim; qiral) Cf. Mid P padixsa(y) = 'ruler' (M3); P
padisah oUjL (p’adi§ayi; p’adi§a[h]ti; p 5 ad§ahiti;
p 3 ad§ati; [padisahlti ^l^b/ padisahl ^U;b] (JJ)}
[J//K//A//JB3/JJ/B/GF//IFb//HH] <p 3 a§a; silt 3 an>
p’ad§ah aUju (K) = king, ruler. See p’ad§a.
p’ad§ahiti c _ 5 x-u*lijb (K) = kingship. See p 5 ad§ati.
p 3 ad§ati ^bijb /. ( ;-ye). kingship, rule, office of the
king: •Hun gereke Osib bikujin, weki
dewlet h p 3 at§ati wefa bimine (Ba3-1) You
must kill Joseph, so that the government and
kingship go [lit. ’remain'] to you. {also: padi§ahi
(GF-2); p’adi§ahti (B-2); p 3 adi§ati (B/GF-2);
p’adi§ayi (B-2/GF-2); p 3 ad§ahiti (K-2); p 3 at§ati (Ba3-
[K//GF//B//JJ] <p 3 ad§a>
padval JU'jb f. ( ;-e). cellar, basement: •Mire min,
'emir bike, bira padvala u zefzemina
t’emam valakin li bidne t’emizkirinS (Ba3-
3, #34) My emir, give the order that all the cellars
and dungeons should be emptied out and [then]
have them cleaned, (syn; zerzemin) <Rus podval
no^BaA [Ba3/K/B] <zindan>
page (HH/GF) = horse stable. See pange [1].
pageh jtoSL (A/IFb) = horse stable. See pange [l].
pahn (jjftb (A/IFb) = wide; flat. See pehn.
pahnayi ^Lab (A) = width. See pehni II.
pahtin ( jjobb (Bw) = to bake. See patin.
pai ^b , m. (F) = pride; praise. See paye I.
••
paiz yJ b (F) = autumn, fall. See payiz.
p’ak ^Jb adj. 1) {syn: p’aqij; t’emiz) pure, clean; 2)
(syn: saxlem; sax) healthy, well (K/A/Ag): •Meme
we bi izina xwede p’ak be (Z-l) Mem will get
well, with God’s help [lit. ’permission']; 3) {syn; ba§;
qenc; find; xwe§) good, excellent (B/HH): «Ew ser
c erde sar, ser xisila yane ji, Kale k’e
hineki p’ak bu, ser kulava radizan (Ba2-3,
p.213) Tbey would sleep on the cold floor, on
mats, or if they were a little better off [lit. 'he whose
condition was a little good'], on rugs, {also:
[pak] Jb (JJ); <pak> Jl (HH)} Cf. P pak Jb {p’aki;
pakiti; p’akti; [paki] ^ (JJ)) [Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/
JJ/HH/SK/JB1-S/GF/TF/OK]
pakij (OK) = clean. See p’aqij.
pakiji c9 j^b (OK) = cleanliness. See p’aqiji.
t •
p’aki (JL" f. (;-ye). 1 ) {syn: p’aqiji) purity,
cleanliness; goodness; 2) [adv.] {also: bi p’aki) well,
properly: *Em nikarin bi p’aki keri we ben
(Ba2:2, p.206) We can't really be of help to you
• K’S ku p’aki haj ji §ivantiy@ t’uneb^,
hew zanibu, ku ew ti§teki getin nine
428
p
(Ba2:l, p.203) Those who were not well
acquainted with shepherding thought that it was
something not very difficult. {also: pakiti (GF-2);
p’akti (K-2); [paki] (JJ)} [K/B/lFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK]
<p’ak>
pakiti (GF) = purity. See p’aki.
p’akti fjSL (K) = purity. See p’aki.
p’al JG fJm.(SK) (-a/-e;-e/). 1) side, flank: -p’al
[ve] dan (K) = a) to lie on its side. See also
p’aldan; b) to lean (against): «Wan kevira usa
ser hevda p’al dabun ... (Ba2) Those rocks
leaned on each other in such a wav, that ...;
2) [syn: qundax; p’e§ I[2]; sing) slope, side of
mountain (K/B/JJ); hill (HH): *Li pala hember
colek mihen mor di mexeliye de bu (Lab.
11) On the slope opposite, a flock of purple sheep
was in the open-air pen •ser p’ala giye (EP-8) on
the side of the mountain; 3) thigh, thigh bone (IFb).
{also: [pal JL/pale «JL] (JJ); <pal> JI (HH)) [Z-
l/K/A/JB3/lFb/B/JI/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
palandin v t. (-palin-). 1) {svn: dakirin;
parzinandin) to strain, filter: to drain (JJ); 2) to
settle, precipitate (of liquids) (B). { also: [palandin]
(JJ)) Cf. P paludan AjjJl; Sor paiawtin
y w
(-palew-) = 'to filter, strain'
[S&E/K/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
p’al*dan jljJL y t. (p’al-d-). 1) {syn: rak’etin; razan)
to lie down, go to sleep; to sleep (F/K/A/IF/Ag):
•Ewi p’aldabti. li ser pi§teye/ (FT. p. 150) He
had lain down on his back; 2) to lean against, rest
against, be supported (IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK); to put
one’s back up against (JJ): »Wan kevira usa ser
hevda p’al dabtin, hev mefikem girtibiln u
’erde da gubun, ku t’u qeweta nikaribu
wana ji ci bileqine (Ba2:l, p.203) Those rocks
were leaning against one another in such a wav,
held each other so tightly and had lodged
themselves [lit. ’gone 1 ] [so deeply] into the earth
that no force could budge them; 3) to push,
stimulate (JJ); to encourage, {also: p’al da[yi]n (B);
[pal-dan] (JJ); <paldan jljJL (paldide)
(ojjJL)> (HH)) Hau palo day vt. = 'to lean back 1
[Ag/EP-7/F/K/A/IFb/JJ/HFI/GF/TF/OK//B]
<ramedin>
p’al dayin ^oljJL (B) = to lie down. See p’aldan.
p’al*e aJL m. (•g/*eye [BK]; ). 1) {syn: k’arker;
xebatk’ar) worker, workman (EP-8/A/BK/HH);
day-laborer (JJ): -paleye peyya (BK) male
worker; -paleya pirek (BK) female worker;
-sinifa p’ala (B) working class: •Pale hatin
ta§te (AB) The workers came to breakfast (or, mid¬
morning coffee break) : «Van p’ala dest pe
kirin kela gekirin (EP-8) These workers began
to build the fortress; 2) {also: palevan II (A-2)} {syn:
erxat (IF); mi§ag) harvester, agricultural worker,
farmhand (A/JB3/Haz/Srk). {also: [pale] *JL (JJ);
<pale> <JL (HH)) <Arc pelah n?E = ’to till, work;
to serve, worship' & palha XJlPE = 'worker,
servant; worshipper': NENA Vp-l-x: pla:xa = 'to
work' & pala:xa m. = 'worker' (Krotkoff); cf. Ar
falaha^U = 'to plow, till, cultivate' & fallah =
’peasant, farmer, tiller of the land 1 ; Sor fe’le
v
<Up*s/fa’le <aJLc-U/fele = ’worker' & fele di/pale
v
Jb = agricultural worker’; also Az T fahla =
V
’worker’ ip’aleti; paleyi) [EP-8/AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/
BK/B/JJ/HH/GF] ccot’k’ar; hodax>
p’aleti (j; JL (B) = worker's profession; agricultural
••
work. See p’aleyi.
palevan I jib JL (JB3/IF) = hero; knight; athlete. See
p’elewan.
palevan II jlbJL (A) = agricultural worker. See p’ale
[ 2 ].
palevani (IF) = heroic deed. See p’elewani.
«•
p’aleyi ^ JL f (-ya;-ye). 1) being a worker,
••
worker's profession; 2) agricultural work, work in
the fields harvesting or reaping with a scythe and
sickle (Haz): *lcar wek paliya genim§ sor ku
gawa meriv dide ber dasan, wele ez ji bi
muginge ketim nav pore xwe (LC, p.5) Like
harvesting red wheat, the way one strikes it with a
sickle, that's how I went after mv hair with a
tweezers *Ma zati pali ji nemaye. Traktor
derketiye (LC, p.22) In any case, harvesting no
longer exists—the tractor came along [and replaced
it]; -p’aleyi kirin (IFb/JB3) to do agricultural
work, to do work harvesting in the fields, to
harvest, {also: p’aleti (B); pali I (LC/GF-2))
[K/A/JB3/AB/IFb/GF/TF/Haz//B] chodaxti; p’ale>
p’alik [K(s)]/palik [IFb/GF] JUL m. (-§; ). wooden
pack saddle, {also: [palik/palek] cdJL QJ)} {syn:
k’urtan) [Qrj/K(s)/IFb/GF]
pali I ^L (LC/GF) = harvesting. See p’aleyi.
pali II ^L f. (-ya; ). crupper, breeching, one of the
straps which keep packsaddle [k’urtan] on
429
p
animal’s back-fastened around horse’s tail (string
extends from corners of back end of packsaddle).
Y Y
{ also: <pali> ^b (Hej)} Sor palu j^Jby ’breeching,
strap passing round hindquarters of pack-animal'
[Bw/Zeb//Hej] cberok I; k’urtan; palikurtk; teng II>
palikurtk Jjj^CJb f. (). crupper, breeching, one of
the straps which keep packsaddle [k’urtan] on
animal's back-fastened around horse's tail (string
extends from middle of back end of packsaddle).
[Bw] <berok I; k’urtan; pall II; teng II>
palin ^Jb f. (-a; ). grazing of sheep before dawn;
-palina pezi (Bw) do. { syn: §evin) [Bw] <g’erin;
hevez = hev§i>
palkon f. ( ;-e). balcony, [also: balkon
(B/IFb)) [syn: behwe; rewaq [4]; telar; vazlix) [EP-
7//B/IFb]
p’altid jjyJL f. ( ;-e). acorn, [also: [palout] (}J))
44 '
[syn: beru) Cf. Ar ballut T palamut
[MC-l/K/B/JJ]
paluke (IFb) = factory. See pavlike.
palate f Q. social institution whereby a group
of villagers pools their efforts to complete a task for
one member of the group, e.g., building a house or
harvesting the crop of each member of the group in
turn, similar to American [quilting] bees [T imece].
{syn: zibare) = Sor here we z jo 3 o
[Qzl/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
pan I qL vt. (-pe- / -pihe- / peyi- [IF-2]). 1) [syn:
g’avniheri li riya... kirin; heviye bun/sekinin/man;
li benda...man; sekinin} to await, wait for, lie in
wait for: «Ew bersiva ku wi bi dilpekin
dipa, iro nfi. gihi§tiye deste wi (Lab, 5) The
answer he has been awaiting with beating heart has
just reached him today «[Meger he§t suwared
Szidiyan rebir ji boy xirabiye di niva
kerey§da(?) dipan] (JR) Eight Yezidi bandits on
horseback were waiting in tbe canyon to do evil
[lit. 'for evil']; 2) to watch out for. [also: payin (BK);
payin (K/IFb-2); pihan (K-2); [pain] (JJ)} Mid P
padan (pay-) ~ ’to stand, wait' (M3); Za pawena
[pawti§] = 'to await, wait for’ (Todd)
[JR/BX/JB3/IFb//K/GF//BK/JJ]
pan II qL (A/IFb/SK/GF) = wide; flat. See pehn.
panayi ^bb (A) = width. See pehni II.
pang«e <*5jb f. (*a; ). 1) [also: page (GF); pageh
(A/IFb); [pag] Jt (JJ); [pawga] (JJ-Rh); <page>
(HH)) [syn: stewl; t’ewle) stable for horses; 2)
[also: pangeh (JB3/IFb)} [syn: c embar} barn,
granary. [Msr//IFb/JB3//A//HH/GF//JJ] <extexane>
pangeh AaSjb (JB3/IF) = barn. See pange [2].
panglot oJJSL (Ms) = lira. See baqnot.
pan! I f (-ya;-ye). heel (of foot or shoe) :
•Wexte digin e sefere ji r§we digin e-naw
besta beran, gawet xo dimiginin, pe§ pa§
digin, pania pie wan gehe§t e ki§k beri de
inin, bi terazie ke§in (SK 12:117) When they
go on a journey they go first of all to the vale of
stones, shut their eyes, go back and forth and,
whichever stone the heel of their foot touches, they
v*
will bring it and weigh it in a balance •Pe’ni da
hespe H hesp firiya bH (Z-2) He dug his heels
into [lit. 'gave heel to’] the horse, and the horse
flew; -pehniya sole (JB3) heel of shoe, [also:
pehni I (K-2/[JB3]/GF-2/TF/OK-2); peni (F); pe’ni
(EP-7/K/B/Wn/Rh); [pani] (JJ); <pehni>
(HH)) [Pok. persna/-snl-/-sno- 823.] ’heel': Skt
pirsni- f.\ Av parsni- (Morg3, p. 340); Mid P pasnag
(M3); P pasne Sor pane ^b/pajne <0jL; Za
pa§na f (Todd); cf. also Lat perna (<*persna) =
’haunch'; Rus piatkarrHTKa = 'heel' [EP-7/K/B/Wn/
Rh//F//A/IFb/]]/SK/GF/OK//HH//]B3/TF]
pani II ^b (K) = width. See pehni II.
pank Jbb f. (-a; ). palm (of the hand): -panka desti
(Dh)/[pana dest] (JJ-G) do.; -panka devi (Zeb)
palate (of the mouth); -panka pe (OK) sole of the
foot, [syn: geng I; g’epil) <pehn I = 'wide, broad,
flat’ [Dh/Zeb/OK//JJ-G]
panqanot ojplfcb(Qtr-E) = paper money. See baqnot.
panzde ojyib (K/B/JBl-A&S/GF/M-Ak & Am & Bar &
Shn) = fifteen. See panzdeh.
panzdeh Aoj>ib num. fifteen, 15. [also: panzde (K/B-
2/JBl-A&S/GF/M-Ak & Am & Bar & Shn); panzde
(JBl-S); pazde (M-Sur); pazde (M-Zx & Gul);
[panzdeh ojyib/dehoupyndj/deh-pyndj (JJ))
Skt pancadasa; Av pancadasa; Mid P panzdah
(M3); P panzdah ojyib; Sor pazde ojjb/panze oyib;
Za pances/desupanj (Todd); Hau panze (M4)
[F/IFb/B/JJ/SC//K/JBl-A&S/GF/M-Ak & Am & Bar
& Shn/M-Sur/M-Zx & Gul] <penc; penci>
panzde ^jyjb (JBl-S) = fifteen. See panzdeh.
papug^jb (A/IFb/GF) = infant's shoe. See p’apfig’k.
p’apftg’k JL^b f. (-a; ). infant’s shoe, baby shoe
(HH/IF); slipper (A), [also: papug (A/IFb/GF);
430
<papugik> JL^b (HH)} Cf. T pabug & Ar babuj
= ’slipper' [Z-3/HH//A/IFb/GF] <p’elav; sol>
paq jb f./m.(K) (-a/ ; ). calf of leg, part of the leg
below the knee, {also: [paqj^b (JJ)) { syn: belek II;
boqil; gim I) [Qzl/K/A/IFb/JJ/TF/GF/FJ] <ling>
p’aqij ji'b adj. clean, neat, tidy: -p’aqij kirin (JBl-
S/GF/TF/OK) = a) to clean, wipe up: *£sire xwe
paqij dike (L) He wipes away his tears; b) to
sweep up (B): *Ew ot’axe pe geziye paqi§
dike (B) He sweeps [lit. ’cleans'] the room with a
broom, {also: pakij (OK-2); paqi§ (B); [pakij] ju5t»
CJJ); <paqij> 33 b (HH)) ( syn: p’ak; t’emiz) jp’aqiji;
[pakiji] iS ^Sl (JJ)} [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/JBl-S/GF/
OK//JJ//B]
p’aqiji ^ jib f ( ;-ye). cleanliness; cleaning, {also:
pakiji (OK- 2 ); [pakiji] ^gib (JJ)) {syn: p’aki)
[K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <p’aqij>
paqi§ jiib (B) = clean. See p’aqij.
par I jb adv. last year, {also: [par] jb (JJ); <par> jb
(HH)) {syn: sala bori (JB3); sala guy! (A)) <0 Ir
*para- (A&L p. 82 [I, l]): P parsal JLjL; Sor par
Y
jb/sali par jb^L; Za par (Todd). See I.
Gershevitch. “Iranian Chronological Adverbs,”
Indo-Iranica : Melanges pres elites a Georg
Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden, 1964), pp.78-88;
reprinted in his Phllologia Iranica. ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 179-89. [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/BK)
<betraperar; perar; sal>
p’ar II jb f. (-a; ). portion, part, share: • c '0t u
pizur, para xezur, ser u pepik, para metik
(Msr) Intestines and undesirable parts [are] the
father-in-law’s portion, the head and trotters are the
maternal aunt’s portion (this is part of a folk poem
which indicates how the parts of a slaughtered goat
or sheep are divided among family members);
-p’ar kirin = to divide up, deal out: *Bira tu
go§tS me p’ar bike (Dz) Brother, you divide up
our meat *§§r ji v§ p’arkirine p’ir xeyidi
(Dz) The lion was furious at this division [of the
spoils], {also: p’arge; p’erge; [par jb /pare ojb] (JJ);
<parge> <^jb (HH)) [syn: behr I; be§ I[ 2 ]; p’ay;
pi§k) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/GF//HH] <pari;
p’ay; p’erge>
para Ijb adv. (from) behind; after: •Osib dide pey
w§, dest daveje para d§r§ we (Ba3) Joseph
follows her, grabs hold of her dress from behind;
-paTa man = to stay, be, or fall behind, {also: (ji)
par re (JB3/IF)) [Z-l/K/A/B//JB3/IFb]
p’arastin jb vt. (-p’arez-). 1) {syn: pawandin)
to protect, defend: -xwe p’arastin (JB3) to
protect o.s., defend o.s.: *B. kete nav baj@r
... xwe ji haris parast, ji bona go wi
nebinin (L) B. entered the city and protected
himself (=hid) from the guards, so they wouldn't
see him; 2 ) {syn: ragirtin) to keep, preserve, store,
save (M); 3) to take care of o.s., preserve o.s, (JJ).
{also: p’araztin (GF- 2 ); [paristin] (JJ)} Mid P
pahrextan (pahrez-) = 'to care for, tend, protect’
(M3); Sor parastin jb = ’to protect, save'
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/M//JJ]
paraztin (GF) = to protect. See p’arastin.
p’arge *^jb (B/IFb/JJ/SK/GF) = piece. See p’ar II &
p’erge.
pargemk JL^jL (GF) = bat (flying mouse). See
barg’imok & pirgemek.
pare ojb (IFb/JJ/SK) = money. See p’ere I.
p’areve kirin jZ aj'ojb (K/B)/pare vekirin ojb (RZ)
= to divide; to share. See p'arve kirin under
p'arve.
p’ar§z I ^ 2 jb f (-a; ). [watermelon patch; field,
garden or bed of watermelons and melons, {also:
p’ariz (K/GF); [pares] ^.jb (JJ); <parez> jjjb (HH)}
{syn: werz [l]} Cf. Av pairi-daeza =’walled-in park,
circumvallation’ <pairi = around’ + daeza = 'wall':
P pallz yJb = 'kitchen garden; melon bed’; W Arm
bardez ajiupm tqy 'garden'; Heb pardes 0~T19 =
'orchard, earlier: enclosure, park, garden’; Ar
firdaws > = paradise’; Eng paradise
[Msr/A/IFb/HH//K/GF//JJ] clem; le’tik>
pari ^jb m. (). 1) {syn: be§ I; keri; p’ar II) piece,
morcel; mouthful (JJ/SK); 2) slice (of bread) :
•pariyeki nan (MC- 1 ) a slice of bread; 3) piece of
bread folded over (for use in scooping up food
while eating) (Bw); 4) piece of food situated in the
mouth (B); 5) a little bit (of food) (B). {also: pe’ri I
(B); [pari] ^b (JJ); <pari> ^b (HH)) Cf. Sor par jb
= 'piece, part, chapter' & paru^jb = ’morsel’
|MC-i/Bw/KM/ir j b/jJ/MH/SK/GF//B) See also p’ar II.
p’ariz yjjb (K/GF) = melon patch. See p’arez I.
p’ar kirin Qjfjl (K) = to divide; to share. See p'arve
kirin under p'arve.
p’ars b f. (-a;-e). begging; alms collecting: •K’ete
p’arsa nane (EP-5, #7) She took to begging for
431
bread; -p’ars kirin (B/HH) to beg, be a beggar.
{also: [pars kirin] (JJ); <pars> ^jb (HH)}
{syn: deroze; ge§t) [J/F/K/A/lFb/B/jj/HH]
p’arsgi jb = beggar. See p’arsek.
•»
p’arsegi ^^jb = beggar. See p’arsek.
p’arsek J^jb m. (). beggar, mendicant, {also:
p’arsgi; p’arsegi; p’arsekgi (F/B); [parsek
«iLjL/parsedji ^s^jb] (JJ)) (syn: gede; xwazok) Cf. P
parse <u*jb = ’poverty; beggar' (p’arsekgiti;
p’arsek[t]i] [F//K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
p’arsekg L (F/B] = beggar. See p’arsek.
p’arsekf iti (B) = begging. See p’arseki.
p’arseki ^^jb f. ( ;-ye). begging; beggary, {also:
p’arsekgiti (B-2); p’arsekti (K-2)) [K/B/GF]
<p’arsek>
p’arsekti (K) = begging. See p’arseki.
p’arsti. f./m.(OK) (-ya/;-ye/). rib: *Dizanin
ko edi gi di ne§§n leqan li teni§t§t feqiran
biden u go§te perasiyet wan biken e kebab
(SK 56:656) They know that they will no longer be
able to kick the poor in the sides and make kebabs
with the flesh of their ribs, [also: p’arxwan; p’asu;
perasi (SK); perasu (Elk); pirasi (Bw); [parson]^-jb
(JJ)) [Pok. I. perk- 820.] 'rib; area of the rib, breast':
Skt parsu- f. = 'rib'; O Ir *parsu- (Hiibsch #342): Av
paresu- /. = 'rib'; Oss fars = 'side, spot, area'; Mid P
pahlug = 'side, rib' (M3); P pahlu^I^. = 'side'
(Hiibsch #342)
[Z-l/K/(A)/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//Elk//SK//Bw]
cmemik; pi§ik; sing> See also p’arxwan.
p’arsu-qalim pJL j^-ub adj. thick-skinned, harsh,
callous, rough, coarse, unrefined (EP-4): *Mir
hene p’arsu-qalimin (EP-4) There are princes
who are harsh (cf. *P’arxana wi qalime (K/XF)
He is insensitive, unfeeling; He is dull [lit. 'His rib is
thick']). [EP-4/(K)/(XF)]
p’arsu situr ^^jb (EP-7) = insolent; arrogant. See
p’arsilstfir.
p’arstlstfir adj. impertinent, impudent;
insolent (of a subordinate) (EP-7); conceited,
arrogant (IFb) [lit.: 'thick-ribbed']: •[Who has ever
seen the daughter of aristocrats passing around
cups, /Bringing a cup to her father's servants?/]
Xulam p’arsfi sitftr be (EP-7) The servant will
become insolent, {also: p’arsu situr (EP-7))
[EP-7/IFb] <KuT; zimandirej>
p’arsuxar jU^jb (B/IFb/Z-l) = unhappy; insincere;
stubborn. See p’arstbcwar.
p’arsilxwar adj. l) meek, powerless, easily
dominated; 2) insecure, unsure of oneself; 3)
insincere, false, fickle; evil (B): *Her§ ZinS,
lema diven: qismi jin heye p'arsti xare (Z-
1) Yes Zin, for they say that some women are
fickle, {also: p’arsuxar (B-2/IFb/Z-l); p’arxan xar
(K)) {syn :) [Z-l/K/A/B//IFb]
Part ojb (Bw) = the KDP. See parti [2].
parti ijs jb /. (-ya;-ye). l) political party: -Partiya
Karkeren Kurdistan[e] (=PKK) = Kurdistan
Workers’ party; -Partiya Keda Gel (=HEP) =
People’s Labor party; 2) {also: Part (Bw)) [Parti] The
Party, i.e., the KDP [=Kurdistan Democratic Party].
{also: partiya f. ( ;-e) (B)) <Fr parti in. & Eng party
[Wlt/K/IFb/TF//B]
partiya L-Jjb, f. ( ;-e) (B) = political party. See parti.
p’arve *9jb: -p'arve kirin [GF/RZ]/p'ar ve kirin
[IFb]/parvekirin [FJ]. 1) to divide {syn: p'arge
p’arge kirin; p'irt kirin): *Sedi li bisti par veke
= Divide 100 by 20; 2) to share, {also: p'ar kirin (K-
2) ; p’areve kirin (K/B)/pare vekirin (RZ-2); [pare
we-kirin] q.J'J 0j b (JJ)) [IFb/GF/FJ/RZ//K/B/JJ]
<p’ar II>
p’arxan jlSjb (K/Z-l/B/F/IFb) = rib. See p’arsfi &
p’arxwan.
p’arxan xar jU. jU-jb (K) = meek; insincere. See
p’arsiixwar.
parxel JlijL f. (). timber sled[ge], dray; oxcart, {also:
paxel (A/GF-2/Kmc-16-2); perxil (GF); [pakhil]
J-o»b (JJ); <paxel> J^b (HH)) cf. W Arm palkhir
pui[>hP [Kmc-2/Kmc-6/Kmc-16/IFb// A/GF/JJ/
HH]
p’arxwan jV^ijb f. (-a;-e). rib; huge ribs (IFb):
-P’arxana wi qalime (K/XF) He is insensitive,
unfeeling; He is dull [lit. 'His rib is thick'], {also:
p’arxan (K/Z-l/B-2/F/IFb); p’arstl)
[Z-l/F/K/IFb//A/B] cmemik; pi§ik; sing> See also
p’arsu.
parzandin jjJljjb (K/B) = to filter. See parzinandin.
parzin jjjb (B) = filter, strainer. See parztin.
parzinandin jjjbjjb vt. (-parzinin-). to filter,
strain, {also: parzandin (K-2/B); parzinandin (A);
parzunandin (IFb-2); [parzinin yb/palandin
u*vy (jj)) {syn: dakirin; p aland in} Cf. P paludan
432
p
Y
Sor palawtin ^ 3 % (-pale w-)
[K/JJ//A/GF//IFb//B] <mifsik; parzun>
parzinin (IFb/JJ) = to filter. See parzinandin.
parzu jjjjL (OK) = filter. See parzun.
parztin J&jjl m. (-§; ). 1 ) filter, strainer; thin cloth
for straining milk; 2 ) {also: parzunk’, f. (JBl-A/OK)!
woman's pack (carried on back) (Bw/JBl-A/OK).
{also: parzin (B- 2 ); parzu (OK); parzung (GF- 2 );
[parzoun] jjjjb (JJ); <parzun> jjjjb (HH)}
[F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/Bw//JBl-A//OK]
<cente; mifsik; palandin; parzinin>
parzunandin (IFb) = to filter. See
parzinandin.
parzung Jj^jjb (GF) = filter. See parzun.
parzunk’ Jj^jjb, f. (JBl-A/OK) = woman’s pack. See
parzun.
pasar jLL (). wilderness, unpopulated area, deserted
area, desert {word used in area of Sason, Siirt (Sert[
province by mhrs. of the Xiyan tribe (Haz)l | svn:
gol) [Haz]
pasimam pL-,L (EP- 8 ) = cousin. See pismam.
p’asu j^b = rib. See p’arsu & p’arxwan.
pa§ ^b adv. 1) { syn: pi§t II} behind [in place (for both
location and motion)]: a) [location (place where)]:
•Herdu ga li pa§ in, game§ ji li pe§ in (AB)
Both of the oxen are in the back, while the buffa¬
loes are up front •Tirsonek tim li pa§ in (AB)
The coward are always at the rear: -pa§ ve (BX) in
back, in the rear; b) [motion (place to which)]: # Ez
gtim pa§ xeni (BX) I went behind the house: -
xwe dane pa§ (K/XF) to retreat: to remain aloof,
stay away; to avoid, keep away from; to avoid the
limelight, to keep a low profile; to be reluctant [see
also: xwe-dane-pa§[ {svn: xwe dur xistin ji f-ti}:
•Ez xo dideme pa§ ji van ti§tan (Bw) I avoid,
keep away from these things *Wexte Tus kir,
zabiti dit bazibendek ya bi mile rasteve.
fialen hema xo da pa§, deste xo li ser ek
da na (M-Ak #677, p.306) When he was stripped,
the officer saw an armlet on his right shoulder.
Immediately they all retreated, placing their hands
one upon the other (in homage); 2 ) after, afterward
[in time]: -pa§e = afterward, then, later [syn: dura;
hinge, etc.; (di) pi§t re; §unda}: # Pa§e tene
meydane (J) Then they come to the square (or
battlefield); 3) used in conjunction with
postpositions:
-di pa§ ... de = behind (location, no motion) {also:
li pa§}: *Di pa§ xaniye me de kaniyek
heye (BX) Behind our hose there is a spring;
-di pa§ ... re = behind (in motion) : *Gur di pa§
siven re derbas bu (BX) The wolf passed
behind the shepherd;
-ji pa§ = from behind: •Dijmin ji pa§ giye
derket (BX) The enemy came out from behind
the mountain.
[also: pa§i I (F/JBl-A); [pachi] ^b (JJ); <pa§> Ji b
(HH)} Av pasca = after'; O P pasa = 'behind'; Mid P
pas = 'then, afterward, behind' (M3); P pas^
(Horn); Sor pa§ Lrk = 'behind, after'; [Za peydi =
'back, backward, behind' (Todd)]. See I.
Gershevitch. “Iranian Chronological Adverbs,”
Indo-Iranica : Melanges presentes a Georg
Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden, 1964), pp.78-88;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 179-89. |BX/K/(A)/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
GF//F/JB 1 -AJ
p’a§a bib m. (-ye; p’a§e). 1 ) pasha, Turkish high
ranking official; 2 ) man's name, [also: pa§e (A);
[pacha] Lib (JJ)} Cf. T pa§a < P padisah olijb
{p’a^ati; [pachati] ^Lib (JJ)}
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF//A] <p’ad§a>
p’a§ati ^'Lib /. ( ;-ye). rank of pasba: # Ez
te’eccube dikem, pa§a, te gawa Hetta noke
pa§ati kiriye, te ridina xo spi kiriye
’emre xo ra-bariye di pa§atiyeda, h§§ta
nizani de gawa hijire xoy?! (SK 20:184) I
wonder, Pasha, how can you have ruled as Pasha
until now and let your beard grow white and
passed all your life as Pasha and still not know how
to eat a fig? [also: [pachati] ^’Lib (JJ)} [K/JJ/SK/GF]
<p’a§a>
pa§da Ijcib adv. back (e.g., 'to give back'), in return:
•Dibe ku te t’emi dane Osib, weki ...
pa§da bine (Ba) Perhaps you instructed Joseph to
... bring [it] back, [also: pa§de (IFb/GF)}
[K/B//IFb/GF]
pa§de ojuib (IFb/GF) = back, in return. See pa§da.
pa§e ccib (A) = pasha. See p’a§a.
pa§eroj L f. (-a;-d). future: *Kurd qewmeki
nexundi ye, tedbira pa§eroja xo nizanin,
betifaq in (SK 56:643) The Kurds are an illiterate
people, improvident of their future and disunited.
433
p
{also: pa§roj (GF); pe§eroj (Ber/RZ)} Cf. Sor pa§eroj
& dwaroj = ’future’. See Sidqi Hirori,
"Pe§eroj yan Pa§eroj?" RN2 44-45 (1996) & Kega
Kurd. "Pe§eroj u Pa§eroj," Rasti 3 (1998), 45.
[Ber/RZ//K/IFb/JB3/SK/OK//GF]
pa§gotini ^i^bb /. (-ya; ). gossip, backbiting:
-pa§gotiniya fk-i kirin (LC/IFb/RZ) to gossip
about s.o., talk about s.o. behind his back, "to
dish" s.o.: *Me disa bi hev re pa§gotiniya
niviskareki din kir (LC. 21) Once again we
gossiped about another writer, {syn: *dediqodi;
galegurt; galigal; gotgotk; kurt u pist}
[LC/IFb/GF/OK/RF/RZ]
p 5 a§*il Jib f (• [i]la;• ile). 1) { syn: p’esir [1]; sing)
bosom, breast; chest: «Zina delal Ki§iyar bd,
lenihePi, xorteki nazik pa§la wedane (Z-l)
Zin woke up, looked around [and saw] a fine
youth was at her bosom *Her gar bire wi jine
xwe xistin pa§ila xwe u razan (Z-l) All four
of his brothers took their wives to their bosom(s)
and went to sleep; 2) {syn: fiemez [2]} embrace.
( also: p’axil, f. ( ;-e) (SK); [pachil Jib/pakhil JpJ]
(JJ); <pa§il Jib/paxil JsL> (HH))
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//SK]
pa§in Qib (B/IFb) = last, final. See pa§in.
pa§i I (F/JB1-A) = behind; after. See pa§.
pa§i II ^b (SK/A) = last, final. See pa§in.
«a
pa§in ^ib adj. 1) {syn: dawin) last, final: -cara
pa§in (B) the last time; 2) next, following, {also:
pa§in (B/IFb-2); pa§i II (SK/A); [pachin] g^ib (JJ);
<pa§i> C5 ib (HH)) Mid P pasen = 'final, last' (M3); P
pasln = 'last, latest'; Sor pa§in g^b =
'subsequent, future; last'
[F/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//B//A/HH/SK] <pe§in>
Pa§ini c ^ib Q. Saturday, {syn: Sebt; §emi) < pa§ =
'after' + in[i] = 'Friday'; Za pagene m. (Mai) [cf. T
cumartesi < cuma = 'Friday' + ertesi = 'the day
after'] [Ur/Kr/Mzg]
pa§iv oLib f. (-a;-e). 1) meal eaten just before dawn
during the fast of Ramadan (Ar sahur T
sahur); 2) dessert (A/IFb/HH). {also: [pachiw] vJL wb
(JJ); <pa§iv> (HH)) < pa§ = ’after' + §iv =
'dinner' [Msr/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
pa§landik m.&f. (). youngest child, last-born
child, baby of the family, {syn: binhemban)
[Qzl/Kmc-#5 356]
pa§nav <jLib m. (-e; ). last name, surname: •Lewre
ji dibejin, dive politikaya nil li gor
pa§nave Demirel sert d dijwar (weke hesin)
be (Wit 2:71, p.13) Hence they say that the new
policy must be hard and firm (like iron), in
accordance with Demirel’s last name [*note: in
Turkish demir = 'iron' & el = 'hand']. [(neol)Wlt]
<navI>
pagroj jjL^b (GF) = future. See pa§eroj.
pa§stu^-*-ib m. ( ). nape of neck, {also: pa§ustu (K-
2)} {syn: p’ate I; stukur) [K/GF/AD]
pa^ustu^^ib (K) = nape of neck. See pa§stll.
pa§veroh b (OK) = reactionary. See pa§veru.
pa§verd adj . backward, reactionary, {also:
pa§veroh (OK)) (^pe§veru) [TF/OK]
p’ate I <0'b /. (). l) {syn: pa§stu; stukur) {also: patik, f.
(-a;-e) (B/SK/Hk); p’atik (JBl-A); patuk (Hk-2)}
back of the neck, nape: -p’ate vedan (XF) to
incline one's head, take a bow [Rus
npHK aohhtlch]; 2) military salute (IFb/GF):
-pate le xistin (IF) to salute [T selam gakmak];
-p’ate avetin (GF) to salute, greet: •Mek’t’ube
dide deste wi d p’ate daveje, li ciy§ edebe
disekine (Z-3) He hands him the letter and
salutes, standing in a position of respect.
[Z-3/IFb/GF/XF//JBl-A//B/SK/Hk]
p’at*e II ajU pat*e II *kb [Bw/Dh] m. (•e;*ey). l)
(syn/p’ine) patch (Bw/IFb/GF): ®Kun ji patey
m astir le hat (Bw) There are more patches than
holes [expression] *patek d sed kun (Bw) one
patch and 100 holes [expression for trying to solve
a problem with inadequate means]; 2) {syn:
kerkon; kevnik [1]; p’ag’ II[1 ]; perok; p’ine) rag,
tatter (OK/GF); small piece of cloth (Bw). [also:
page (GF-2)} [Bw/Dh//IFb/GF/OK] <p’ag’ II &
p’ag[’]ik; p’ine>
patik Jj'b, f. (-a;-e) (B/SK/Hk)/p’atik (JBl-A) = nape of
the neck. See p’ate I.
patin ^jj'b vt. (-pej-). 1) { syn: pijandin) to bake,
cook: •Dibeje le napeje (Z-) He says but he
doesn't bake [=he's all talk and no action] *Nan§
min bip&je (Dz) Bake my bread (=Bake me some
bread); 2) to burn, bake, beat down (of the sun)
(B): •Te’v dip§je (B) The sun is beating down.
{also: pahtin (Bw); pehtin (JB3-2/DZK); pefitin (M-
Am/M-Zx); petin (F); pe’tin (B/Dz); pejin (IF-2);
pijan (A); pijin (K-2/JB3-2/IFb-2); [patin ^Jb
434
/pejiian jLjj] (JJ); <petitin (dipeje) (^j)>
(HH)} [Pok. pekB- 798.] 'to cook, ripen': O Ir *pak-
(Tsb 42) & *paxta- (A&L p. 88 [X, 6]): Av pak-
(pres. paca-); Mid P poxtan (paz-) (M3); P poxtan
ySM (-paz-) (jj ); Sor pi§an (-pi§§-) = 'to be
cooked' (see under pijin); Za pewjena [pewti§] =
'to cook (vt.)' & pey§ena [pey§ayi§] = 'to roast,
cook (vi.)' (Todd/Srk); cf. also Lat coquere
(<*poquere); Gr peptein ncmciv = 'to cook, ripen,
digest'; Rus pe£’ ne^t (peku, peces’) (nexy,
neueuit) [F//K/JB3/IFb/J}/SK/GF/M//Bw//
B/Dz/DZK//HH/M-Am/M-Zx] See also pijin &
pijandin. <a§pej; bira§tin; lenan; qijilandin>
patos ^Jpb (IFb/Kmc-6) = threshing machine. See
patoz.
patoz jpL /. (). thresher, threshing machine,
threshing sled, {also: batoz (Frq); patos (IFb-2/
Kmc-6); <patoz> jpb (Hej)) \syn: cencer) Cf. T
batos [Edirne] = 'threshing machine' [harman
makinasi] (DS, v. 2, p.572) [Frq—>Bw/Hej//
IFb/Kmc-6] <bender>
patrome f. (). grafting], scion: -patrome
kirin (Kmc-6) to graft ( syn: tamandin). [also:
patrume (K); petirme (GF-2); petrume (GF);
[patruma] (JJ); <petirme> Aj (Hej)) (syn:
*lul (IFb/Kmc-6)) =Sor mutirbe dj^>/miturbe
[Kmc-6/IFb//K//JJ//GF/Hej]
patrume (K) = grafting. See patrome.
p 5 at§ah jbLjlj (-e; ) (FK-eb-1) = king, ruler. See p 5 ad§a.
p’at§ati (Ba3-1) = kingship. See p’ad§ati.
• •
patuk (Hk) = nape of the neck. See p’ate I.
pavlik»e aCU'L f ( ;»e). factory, plant: *Bave te gi
k’ari dike? -K’arker e, di pavlike da
dixebite (DZK) What does your father do for a
living? -He is a worker, he works in the factory.
{also: paluke (IF)) [(neol)DZK//IFb)
pawan I jljb m. (-e; ). guard, watchman: *[Lakin
pawan ji pe nafiesin] (JR #27, p.80) But even
the watchmen are not aware of him. I also: [pavan]
(JJ/ JR) } {syn: qerewil) <0 Ir *pa- = ’to guard 1 +
suffix -wan 2 (<*pana-) (A&L p. 82 [I, 1]); Arm
pahpan (W Arm: bahban) ujuj^ujiuL [JR/K/JJ]
pawan II f. (-e; ). grassy piece of land which is
off limits for grazing in spring and summer, used as
pastureland in the wintertime (Zeb). {also: <pawan>
jJ$b (Hej)} {syn: qorix) Sor pawan jljb
[Zeb/IFb/OK/Hej/AA]
pawandin vt. (-pawin-). to guard, protect,
defend: *Ev merga han§, mi pawandiye ji
boy Siyabend ft Qedeye (Z-4) This meadow, I
have guarded it for S. and Q. [Z-4/K] <p’arastin>
pawizy^b (Bw) = autumn, fall. See payiz.
paxel Jlsb (A/HH/GF/Kmc-16) = timber sled. See
parxel.
p’axil 0 U.1j , f. (;-e) (SK) = bosom, breast; chest. See
p’a§il.
p’ay ^b f.(K)/m.(B/Ba2) ( /-e; /p’ey). 1) {syn: behr
••
I; be§ I; p’ar II; pi§k) part, portion: *p’a§ sal§yi
p’ir (Ba2) a large part of the year; 2) pride; praise.
See paye I. {also: p’a (Ba2); [pa'i] ^b (JJ); <pay>
(HH)) Cf. T pay = 'portion'
[Ba2/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
paye I ajL f. (). 1) pride; showing off, swaggering:
-xwe paye kirin [bi] (Wit) to be proud of, boast
of: •tJ hgja ye ku gel§ Kurd, xwe paye
bike bi vi lehenge bi nav u ni§an (Wit 1:42,
p.10) And it is fitting that the Kurdish people be
proud of this famous hero; 2) {syn: meth; pesin [1])
praise, eulogy (B): -p’a[y]e fk-e/ft-T dayin (B) to
praise: »Ewe geleki ji mir razi bfin ti r§va
p’aye wi didan (Ba-1, #33) They were very
pleased with the emir, and were praising him
[while] en route, {also: pai, m. (F); p’ay[2] (B);
p’ayi (K); peya II (IFb); [paia] *>[> (JJ))
[Wl t/A/JJ/OK//F//K//B//IFb]
paye II *jL: -paye bun (Haz) = to disembark. See
peya[2j.
payin qjL (BK/JJ) = to wait for. See pan I.
payiz yjL (B/JJ/GF/TF/OK) = autumn, fall. See payiz.
p’ayi (K) = pride; praise. See paye I.
payin y^b (K/IFb/GF) = to wait for. See pan I.
payiz b f (-a;-e). autumn, fall: -payizan
(AB)/payize (B) = in the autumn, in the fall:
•Payizan pel ji daran diwe§in (AB) In the fall,
the leaves fall from the trees, {also: paiz (F); pawiz
(Bw); payiz (B/GF/TF/OK-2); pehiz (GF-2/OK-2);
[paiz] yjb (JJ)) Av *paitidaeza- & O P *patidaiza-
(Fr. Muller. WZKM 5, 261); Mid P padez (M3); P
pa’Iz^Jb; Sor payiz>ob; Za payiz (Todd)/payiz
(Mai) m.\ Hau paiz m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/0K//B/JJ/GF/TF//F//Bw]
paz jb (TF) = sheep and goats. See pez.
pazde oj jb (M-Sur)/pazde (M-Zx & Gul) = fifteen. See
panzdeh.
435
p
pegavtin (Hk/JJ) = to cover. See peg’avtin.
pege I (TG2) = skylight. See p’ace.
pege II (OK) = veil. See p§ge.
*pegiqandin jjjbbw<v (RN) = to crush. See
pergiqandin.
pehen (IFb) = dung, manure. See peyin.
p’ehin (K/A/IF/GF) = kick. See p’efiin.
pehizj^du (GF/OK) = autumn, fall. See payiz.
p’ehlewan = hero; knight; athlete. See
p’elewan.
pehliwan = hero; knight; athlete. See
p’elewan.
pehn I adj. 1) [syn: [ber]fireh} wide, broad:
•...Lixaweki asin du gez direj, gezek pan,
bi qeder zenda desti stur bide gekirin (SK
33:297) Go and get an iron bridle made, two yards
long, a yard wide and as thick as a man's wrist; 2)
{syn: duz) flat; 3) smooth, {also: pahn (A-2/IFb-2);
pan II (A/IFb-2/SK/GF-2); pen (F); pe’n (B/Msr);
[pan] jb (JJ); <pehn> qm (HH)J [Pok. pet-/p e t-
/peta- 824.] 'to stretch out, esp. the arms' : Av
paBana- = 'wide, broad'; Mid P pahn (M3); P pahn
Sor pan jb (pa[b]nayi; pani; pehnayi; pehni II;
pe’nayi; [pehna'i] (JJ))
[S&E/K/JB3/IFb//F//B/Msr//A/JJ/SK//HH]
pehn II Qjtou (Bw) = kick. See p’ehin.
pehnahi (GF) = width. See pehni II.
pehnati ^*Laaj (GF) = width. See pehni II.
pehnayi (K/JJ) = width. See pehni II.
pehni I Jla-u (K/[JB3]/GF/TF/OK) - heel. See pani I.
• •
pehni II f. ( ;-ye). 1) width, breadth; 2) plain,
• •
flat land; 3) visibility at a distance, {also: pa[h]nayi
(A); pani II (K-2); pehnahi (GF); pehnati (GF-2);
pehnayi (K-2); pe’nayi (B); [pehna’i] (JJ)) Cf. P
pahna U^./pahm ^ [K/JB3/IFb//A//B//JJ//GF]
<pehn I>
pehtin (JB3/DZK) = to cook. See patin.
p’eheyn (Z-821) = kick. See p’ehin.
p’eKin f. ( ;-e). kick, blow with the foot:
-p’ehin le dan/xistin (K) to kick: •K’eleka
§eher baxek hebil, go; “Eze herim wi
baxi....” P’eiiinek dere bex da, dere bex
vebh, gu hundure bex (Z-821, p. 134) At the
edge of the city there was a garden, he said, “I will
go into that garden...” He kicked the door of tbe
garden, it opened, and he went into the garden.
{also: p’ehin (K/A/IF/GF); pehn II (Bw); p’eheyn (Z-
821-2); pihin (GF-2); pin II (IFb-2); [pemek/painek]
(JJ); <pehin> &po v (HH)) {syn: givt; lotik; refes)
[Z-821/B/HH//K/A/IFb/GF//JJ//Bw] <lotik>
pehtin q. (M-Am/M-Zx/HH) = to cook. See patin.
pein (F) = dung, manure. See peyin.
pejin qJ'aj (IFb/TF/OK) = sound whose origin is
unclear. See pejin.
p’ejirandin jjjljjA vt - (-p’ejirin-). to accept,
approve of: *Gele me xebata me dipejirine
(Wit 1:37, p.16) Our people accepts [or, approves
of] our effort, {also: pejirandin (GF-2)) {syn: qebul
kirin [b]} Cf. P pazlroftan Jo = 'to accept’
[Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF]
peji m.(Zeb)/f.(OK) (-ye/ ; ). epidemic, plague;
contagious or infectious illness, {also: pejik (OK-2);
<pejik (Hej)) {syn: qotik II; weba)
[Zeb/OK//Hej]
pejik (OK/Hej) = epidemic. See peji.
pejirandin (GF) = to accept. See p’ejirandin.
pejn Qjdu (IFb/OK) = sound whose origin is unclear.
See pejin.
p’ekandin jjjlfbu vt. (-p’ekin-). 1) to burst, split,
crack (vt.); 2) to crush, squash; 3) to cut off, chop
off, sever, break off. {also: peqandin (-peqin-) (JBl-
A); paqand- (JJ-PS)/pakand- (JJ-G)) < Arc 3p9/Syr
Vp-q-‘ [F/K/JB1-S/GF//JB1-A//JJ] <p’ekin>
p’ekin /pekin [B] vi. (-p[’]ek-). 1) to come off,
break off (vi.), come undone: •Gustilek di deste
hakim de bh ... ji deste wi pekiya (L) There
was a ring on the king's hand ... it came off his
hand; 2) {syn: k’etin; we§in) to drop (vi.) , fall
(into); 3) to splash, splatter (of liquids) (vi.) :
•Niqitkeke xuna wi disa pekiya ort’a M. u
Z. (Z-l) A drop of his blood (again) splattered
between M. and Z.; 4) to explode, flash (of sparks,
etc.): *Ew mile Osiv digire sileke usa le
dixe, weki ji g’ave wi pirisk dipekin (Ba3-
3, #25) He grabs Joseph’s arm and slaps him so
hard that sparks fly out his eyes, {also: p’eqin;
[pukln] (JJ)) < Arc peqa‘ X?p3/Syr Vp-q-‘
= ’to burst, break; to escape’: NENA paqe/paqi
(Maclean). For the medial -q- of the original Arc,
there are forms in both -k- and -q-. The
disappearance of the final c ayn (^) is not
uncommon, for other examples see civin &
qetin. [L/K/JBl-S/GF//IFb/B//JJ] See also p’eqin.
<p’ekandin>
436
p
p’el I J<o m./f.(Qzl) (-§/-a; ). 1) {syn: belg’im; belg)
leaf (pi. leaves): •Payizan pel ji daran
diwe§in (AB) In the fall, the leaves fall from the
trees; -p’ele dara (IFb) tree leaf; -p’ele kelema
(IFb) cabbage leaf; -p’ele reza (IFb) grape leaf
[syn: belget mewa (Bw)); 2) [syn: t’ebax II] cigarette
paper (Msr): -p’ele cixare (IF)/pela cixare (Qzl)
do. {also: p’er (IFb-2); [pal] 0 L (JJ)} -See etymology
under p’er. [AB/K/A/IB3/IFb/GF/Msr//JJj See also
p’er.
p’el II in./f.(Zeb) (-e/-a;-i/-e). firebrand,
smouldering piece of wood, charred wood, live
coal; ember: •Min pelek bi ezmane xo vena
(Dh) I spilled the beans; I let the cat out of the bag
(i.e., I revealed a secret); -p’elek agir (K/JJ) do.
{also: [pel 0 L>/pol /pelek aghir ^dL/polek
aghir J\ (JJ); <pel> (Hej)| I syn: bizotj =Sor
y
sikil JC/polu J5 J^/bengir =’ember'
[Bw/Dh/K/GF/Hej//JJ] <agir; reji; teni>
p’elaxtin vt. (-p’elex-). 1) { syn: p’epes kirin
(F); tepisandin (F)I to crush, crumple, mash,
trample; 2) [ also: pelexin (M); p’elixin (B/IFb-2))
[vi.] to be crushed, crumpled, mashed, trampled
(IFb); to be shattered (M); to be crumpled (of tin¬
ware) [B). [BK/K/JB3/IFb//M//B] <pergiqandin>
pelgimok Jy^J^ (Qzl) = bat (zool.) . See barg’imok.
< •
p’elg’iqandin (K/B) = to crush. See
pergiqandin.
p’elg’iqin Cr JbJ AJ (K/B) = to be crushed. See
pergiqin.
p’elegirk f. (-a; ). fire tongs for picking up
firebrands [p'el I[. {also: pelgir, m. (GF/OK))
[Zeb//GF/OK] <p’el II>
peleng (F) = tiger; leopard. See piling,
p’elewan ni. ( ; p’elew£n, vi p’elewani).
1) |syn; efat; ’egit; feris [1]; gernas; leheng; merxasj
hero, brave man; champion; 2) knight: •Hevt
derg@ bav§ min hene ji polane / T’emami
bi qereba§i, p’elewane (Z-l) My father has 7
gates of steel, / replete with servants and knights; 3)
athlete ; 4) acrobat, tightrope walker (B/JI). {also:
palevan 1 (JB 3/IFb) ; p’ehlewan; pehliwan; [palvan
^IjJL/pehlivan (JJ)) Cf. P pahlavan ->
T pehlivan (palevanl; p’elewan'i) [Z-1/K//JB3/N7/JJI
pelexin (M) - to crush, trample. See
p’elaxtin [1].
p’ele ewr^ (B) = storm cloud. See p’elte.
pelgir m. (GF/OK) = fire tongs. See p’elegirk.
p’elixin (B/IFb) = to crush, trample. See
p’elaxtin [1].
pelk JJ ^ f Q. Euphrates poplar, tree which grows
on riverbanks [T Firat kavagi, Ar yarab v {also:
pelt (Dh/OK/AA-2); <pelk> « ± ±LL (HH); <pelk> JJ*j
(Hej)j Sor pelk JJ*j>_ [Zob/A/IFb/HH/GF/AA//Dh/OK|
<*evran: qewax; sipindar>
pelpine (IFb/GF/OK) = purslane. See p’§rplne.
pelt (Dh/OK/AA) = Euphrates poplar. See pelk.
p’elte f (). (storm) cloud: •P’elte r ewr§ Te§
derk’et u barane usa destp£ kir (Z-l) Black
storm clouds came out and it began to rain, [also:
p T e!e ’ewr (B)J {svn: 'ewr; hecacl [Z-1/K//B]
pembi (SK) = cotton. See pembH.
pemboy^*j (A/JBl-S) = cotton. See pembu.
pembu^-*^ (B/IFb) = cotton. See pembH.
pembu m. (-ye; ). cotton (processed, as
opposed to loke = cotton on plant): cotton
material: *Bes hung ji weki hemi milletan
gawet xo weken, pembie xeflete ji guh6
xo derinin, da ew nawe kiret ji ser hingo
rabit (SK 56:661) You too must open your eyes,
like all the nations, and take the cotton of
negligence out of vour ears so that vou mav lose
that ugly name, {also: pembi (SK); pembo (A/JBl-
S): pembu (B-2/IFb-2); penbu (IFb-2); [penbou]>~u
(JJ): <penbu> 5 ^c (HH)! < Mid P pambag (M3); P
panba T [& Hungarian! pamuk, clq. pambuk;
Sor pemujw^ = cotton on the plant (cf. loke)"; Za
peme in.: Cf. W Arm pambag puiiTiquil|
[K/JB 3/IFb/B / GF/OK / / S K / / A / ] B1 - S / / J J / H H1 <loke>
pen ^ (F)/pe’n (B/Msr) = wide; flat. See pehn.
penaber b^u m. (). refugee: # Ji aliye penaberen
Kurd ve agahdari mesela Kurdan bftm (Wit
1:37. p.16) I became aware of the Kurdish issue
through Kurdish refugees. <Sor penaber =
refugee": cf. P pan ah an de [(neol)WIt/IFb]
pe’navi (B) = width. See pehni II.
penbu 3 -C^ (IFb/JJ) = cotton. See pembti.
p encer«e f. (•a/*eya;*§). window:
p’elewani f ( ;-y§h 1) heroic deed or feat; •Miisili ser§ xo ji pencerS ina der, got,
2) profession of tightrope walking (B) i also: ’Ew kiye?” (SK 31:279] The Mosuli put his head
palevani (IF)J [B//IF] <p’elewan>
out of the window and said, "Who is it?” *Roja
437
p
eyni Mela 'Ebbas bi hemi keyf u hewesa
xo gft ser munare, muqabili pencera
fatime xanimd weki kew6 ribad kebar
dikir, diqirand (SK 15:149) On Friday Mullah
Abbas went up the minaret full of his pleasure and
began to bawl the takbir opposite Madam Fatima's
window, like a decoy partridge, [also: pengire
(DZK); [pendjere] (JJ); <pencere> 0 (HH)|
{syn: §ibak) Cf. P panjare O— >T pencere; Sor
pencere oja^aj; Za pencera f. (Todd)
[Z-l/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-S/GF//DZK]
<p’ace>
penci (GF) = fifty. See penci I.
•«
pengire o .^aj (DZK) = window. See p’encere.
p 5 enesG adj. 1) transient, ephemeral; 2)
vanished, disappeared (S&E): -p’enese bun (B) to
disappear, vanish from view, (syn: beta vebun;
roda gun; (ji ber) winda bun) [S&E/K/B]
pener yj aj (K/B) = cheese. See penir.
peng I Jjaj f.(Bw)/m.(OK) (-a/; ). skein, hank (of
yarn): -penga res (Bw) do. [also: <penk> JLu
(HH)) [syn: gulok) [Bw/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK//HH]
peng II J5 a, m. (-e; ). 1) small dammed up pool of
water (Bw); reservoir (Bw); 2) [adj.] stagnant,
sluggish (of water) (IFb/GF): -ava peng (IFb/GF)
stagnant water. Sor peng Jja. = 'banking up, piling
up (water)' [Bw/IFb/GF] <Kewz>
pengandin vt (-pengin-). to dam up, stop
up, plug up, block up (a water course), [also:
pengihandin (IFb/GF)) [syn: xitimandin)
[Bw//IFb/GF] <g’ikandin II; mig’iqandin>
pengihandin (IFb/GF) = to dam up. See
pengandin.
pengizandin qj j1j42aj vt. (-pengizin-). to cause to
leap, jump, or spring up: •Geh w! li min dixist
ez bi gend gavan bi pa§ de dipengizandim,
geh min 16 dixist ew bi gend gavan bi §un
de di§and (KS, p.59) Sometimes he [=a snake]
struck at me and sent me jumping back several
steps, sometimes I struck at him sending him
backward several steps. [KS/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
<pengizin>
pengizin aj vi. (-pengiz-). to leap up, jump
up, spring up: »Gava m£rik ev yeka han ferq
kir, hema ji cih6 xwe pengizi u pencere
vekir (KS, p.8) When the man realized [or,
noticed] this, he leapt up from his place and
opened the window, [syn: ba[n]z dan; geng bun
[geng III]; firqas kirin; lotik dan xwe; xwe qevaztin)
[KS/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <pengizandin>
peni ^aj (F)/pe’ni l ^aj (EP-7/K/B/Wn/Rh) = heel. See
»• ••
pan! I.
penir ^3aj m. (-e; penir/p£ner). cheese: •Qijik
penir didize (AB) The rook (bird) steals cheese;
-penir avitin (B) to make cheese; -penir£
kesidandi (IFb) cheese in brine [T salamura
peynir]; -penire kelandi (IFb) Kashar cheese,
yellow sheep’s milk cheese; -penire me§k£ (IFb)
cheese encased in a skin; -pener6 rigal (K) string
cheese; -penire sirik (IFb) herb cheese, [also:
pener (K/B-2); [penir] (JJ); <penir> (HH))
Cf. Mid P panlr (M3); P panlr^-q — > T peynir; Sor
penir ^Jaj ; Za penir m. (Mai)
[K//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/SK/GF]
p’ep v aj (B) = foot of small child. See pepik [2].
pepik GL aj m . (-e; ). 1) trotter (foot of sheep or
goat): » c 0r d pizilr, para xeztir, ser ft
pepik, para metik (Msr) Intestines and
undesirable parts [are] the father-in-law’s portion,
the head and trotters are the maternal aunt’s
portion (this is part of a folk poem which indicates
how the parts of a slaughtered goat or sheep are
divided among family members); 2) {also: p’ep (B))
foot of small child (Msr/B); hand of small child
(IFb). [also: <pepik> d~o (HH))
[Msr/K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/GF//B] <p’e II>
pepug aj (IFb) = cuckoo; hoopoe. See pepilk II.
p’epuk I/p’ep’dk [Z-l] -J^jaj adj. 1) weak, feeble,
sickly: »Al-p 5 a§a ft diya Memeva ber sere
Meme bftbftne p’ep’ftk (Z-l) A.p. and Mem's
mother were sick over Mem; 2) upset, messed up
(A/IFb); miserable, wretched; 3) [syn: p’arsek) [m.]
beggar, pauper, {also: p’ep’uk (Z-l)) (pepukti)
[Z-1/K/A/IFb/GF/TF]
pepftk II aj f. (). name for several birds : 1) {also:
pupu (B)) cuckoo, zool. Cuculus canorus (JB3/IFb/
JJ/GF); 2) [also: [pipoj^^o (JJ)) hoopoe, zool. Upupa
epops: this bird nests in the nests of other birds
(IFb/JJ/GF/TF/KZ); 3) {syn: bum; kund) owl (A/
HH). [also: pepug (IFb-2);[pepouk] Jj-o (JJ);
<pepuk> -4^o (HH)) Cf. P pupu^. ; Sor pepu ^aj
= 'owl, cuckoo (of clock)'[A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
peq (Jaj f. (). blister, [also: peqik II (IFb/TF)}
[Bar//IFb/TF]
438
p
p’eqan (Bw) = to burst (vi.). See p’eqin.
peqandin (-peqin-) (JBl-A) = to burst, break off
(vt.). See p’ekandin.
peqijok (GF) = bubble. See beqbeqok.
peqik I <Jjou (IFb) = bubble. See beqbeqok.
peqik II (IFb/TF) = blister. See peq.
peqik (TF) = bubble. See beqbeqok.
p’eqin vi. (-p’eq-). 1) { syn: teqin) to break,
burst (open), split, crack (vi.) (K/Mc/JBl-S); to
explode (JB1-S/JB3/IFb); to break off, come
undone (K); 2) to rebound, bounce back (K); 3)
{syn: mirin) to die (M-Ak): *!na germ kir, Kalen
peqi (M-Ak) He was ashamed and died immed¬
iately. {also: p’ekin (K/JBl-S); p’eqan (Bw);
[pukln] g^JL. (JJ)) [IFb/JB3/GF/M-Ak//Bw//K/
JB1-S//JJ] <p’eqandin> See also p’ekin.
peqigk jLxjaj (Bw/Zx) = bubble. See beqbeqok.
peqpeqok (GF/Bw) = bubble. See beqbeqok.
peqpeqogk (Bw) = bubble. See beqbeqok.
p’er jau m./f.(L) (-e/ ; p’er/ ). 1) {syn: bask) feather
(K/A/HH): *Her pereke wi ji hawake ye (L)
Every one of his feathers is of a [different] color; 2)
{syn: qanat) wing (K/IFb): *£el kevok hatine il
periye xwe ji xwe kirin (L) 40 doves came
and removed (=took off) their feathers; 3) {syn: belg
[2]; t’ebax II) sheet (of paper) (K/HH): *Em evare
p’ere k’axaza cigare bikne bin dogeka
Osib (Ba) This evening we will place a sheet of
cigarette paper under Joseph's mattress; 4) {syn:
kevi I; k’elek) edge, outskirts (of town, road, dress)
(K/A): *Ewana gihi§tine p’ere gehere Cizire
(Z-l) They reached the edge of the city Jezirab
•p’ere gund (B) the edge of the village; -ber
p’ere 'ezmana firin/k’etin = to do stg.
extravagant [lit. ’to fly to the edge [or wings] of the
sky’]: »Bifire ber p’ere 'ezmana ji (XF) No
matter what he does (there is no saving him); 5) leaf
(Msr). See p’el I. {also: p’el; pere II (A); [per] (JJ);
<per> (HH)) [Pok. 2. (s)p(h)er- 993.] ’to jerk,
start; to strew’: Skt parna- n. = feather, wing’; Av
parana- = do.; Mid P parr = ’feather, wing’ & parrag
= ’wing’ (M3); Sor per = ’feather’; Za perr m. =
'leaf, sheet (of paper)’ (Todd); Hau pel m. = ’feather'
& per m. = 'side, edge 1 (M4); cf. also P parrldan
<= ’to fly’; Gr pteron rrcepov = ’feather’; Rus
peronepo = 'feather' [L/Z-l/Ba/K/
IFb/JJ/B/HH/SK/GF//A] See also p’el I. <firin; [3]
k’axez; rup’el>
perasi (SK) = rib(s). See p’arsH.
perasu j (Elk) = rib(s). See p’arsu.
perav Jt j^/p’erav Ji) j^ [K] f. (). 1) {syn: bar II; kevi
I[2]) bank (of river): *Ev de§t ji peraven Nil£
ji ji Qukurovaye ji hin bi berekettir in (SF
18) These plains are even more fertile than the
banks of the Nile, than the [plain of the] (^ukurova;
2) {syn: *dev-av) coast, shore: *Balafiren
ingilizi di peraven Tirkiye de vaporeke
frensizi ... bin av kirin [sic] (H2 9:31, p.776)
English planes sank a French steamship on the
Turkish coast. Cf. Sor per jaj = 'side, end, coast,
shore’ [SF/IFb/GF/TF//K]
p’efawi 0- notebook, {syn: deft’er)
[K(s)/A/IFb]
percan/p’ercan q\aj+> v m./f.(K) (-§; ). wooden
fence, enclosure; hedge: -pejane rezi (Bw)
vineyard fence, {also: percar (OK-2); perciyan (GF);
pejan jlyJ (Bw); [pergiana] (JJ-G)) {syn: tan}
Mid P parzln = 'fence, hedge' (M3); P parcln
Sor perjin = 'hedge, fence’
[Bw//K/IFb/JJ/JB 1-A/OK] <sime>
percar (OK) = fence. See percan.
perciyan (GF) = fence. See percan.
p’erg*e m./f(JB3) (»e; ). l) \syn: beg; keri I;
p’ar II; pari) piece, morsel: -p’arge 'erd (B) plot of
land: *§wir bu du perge (L) The sword broke in
two [lit. 'became two pieces’]; 2) splinter, fragment;
clod; 3) {syn: gargev [2]) fabric, cloth (F). {also:
p’arge (B/IFb-2/SK/GF); [partche] (JJ); <parge>
(HH)) Cf. P parce T parga
[L/K/JB3/IFb//B/JJ/HH/SK/GF] See also p’ar II &
pari.
p’ergemuk (Dz) = bat (zool.). See pirgemek.
X v *•"
p’erg’evin (-p’erg’iv-) (K) = to swell (vi.). See
pergifin.
pergikandin (GF) = to crush. See
pergiqandin.
pergifin v *- (-pergif-). 1) to be swollen,
swell (vi.): »Ser gav§ wan pergifi bft (DZK,
p.135) Their faces were swollen; 2) to sleep
(contemptuous) (Dh). {also: p’erg’evin (-p’erg’iv-)
(K); pergiftin (Mzg); pergivin (IFb); pergiwtin (SK);
[pertchewin] (JJ)) [syn: nep’ixin; *pendifyan
(M); werimin) [DZK/OK//IFb//K/JJ//Mzg//SK]
439
p
pergiftin j (Mzg) = to swell (vi.). See pergifin.
pergiqandin vt. (-pergiqin-). 1) to crush,
press, smash, squash (insects, soft fruit): • [K’eftar]
fern dike ku §§r bi hileyen wi hesiyaye ...
§er bang dike, dibeje: "... Qe§mere teres,
dive ku ez careke din te li hizdra xwe
nebinim. Bicehime here, hej ku min tu
nepergiqandiye" (Wit 2:100, p.13) [The hyena]
understands that the lion has caught onto his ruses
... The lion shouts, "... Worthless bum, I don't want
to see you in my presence ever again! Now get the
hell out of here, before I smash you to a pulp"
•...ko§k ewe ji ni§kave hil§e, her g! kese
der ti. hundure xwe bipegiqine [sic] (RN)
...The palace could suddenly collapse, and
everyone inside and out would be crushed; 2) to
oppress, repress, suppress: «Bizava we ya
piguktrin a ji bo pe§eroja we ya siyasi, bi
cezayen girantirin tet pelgiqandin (Ber #7,
p. 10) Its slightest movement for its political future
is suppressed with the heaviest of punishments.
{also: *pegiqandin (RN); p’elg’iqandin (K/B);
pergikandin (GF-2)) [RN//K/B//JB3/IFb/JBl-A/
GF/TF] <pelaxtin; pergiqin; tepeser kirin>
pergiqin vi. (-pergiq-). to be crushed,
pressed, smashed, squashed (insects, soft fruit).
{also: p’elg’iqin (K/B); pirgiqin (M))
[K/B//IFb/TF//M] <pergiqandin>
pergivin j (IFb) = to swell (vi.). See pergifin.
pergiwtin (SK) = to swell (vi.). See pergifin.
perdax ni. (-§; ). drinking glass, tumbler. \syn:
avxork; gilas; peyale [2]] <T bardak; Sor perdax
(K3) [Bw/K(s)/GF] <peyale>
p’erd »e /p’erde oJ Jtu [XF] f. ( • a; • e) . 1)
curtain; 2) screen, partition; curtain separating tbe
compartments of a tent (PS); 3) film, membrane:
-p’erda g’e’va (B) cataract (in the eye); -p’erda
dil (B) pericardium; -p’erda guh (B) eardrum;
-p’erda rft (B) shame, honor; 4) ( syn: gadir [1];
garik [2]; gar§ev [1]; pege] veil (JBl-S). {also:
[perde] oj_^ (JJ); <perde> (HH)} Mid P pardag =
'veil, curtain' (M3); P parde --> T perde; —> Eng
purdah; Sor perde = 'curtain, screen, scene
(theater)'. This word is associated with the harem
and the seclusion of womenfolk behind a curtain
or veil. [FK-l/lS/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
JBl-S/ GF//XF]
p’er*e I pl./m.(B/JB3) (*e; ). money: •Hakim
qiza xwe na de bi pera (L) The king doesn't
give his daughter [in exchange] for money »Per§n
ku didane me ne pir bin ji, disa ji ji
mea§en hemd karmend d karker£n wan
z§detir bdn (AW72B3) Even if the money they
gave us was not a lot, it was still more than the
wages of all their workers »Tu§ here ji mi re li
van pera ti§ta bikire! (L) Go buy me some
things with this money!; -pere anin (IF) to earn
money; -p’ere dan (K)/pare dan (IFb) to pay;
-p’ere hdr (B) small change, {also: pare (IFb-
2/SK); [pare] ojb (JJ)] Cf. T para, originally a small
coin. 1/40 of a kuru§, now = 'money'
[L/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF//JJ/SK] cbaqnot; gerxi; kapek;
manat; §eyi>
pere II (A) = feather; wing; paper; edge. See p’er.
perestge (OK) = temple. See perestgeh.
perestgeh f. ( ;-e). temple, place of
worship: *Min perestgeheke mezin ava kir,
agir li hundure we gurmujand u heviya
xwe pe ve gireda u dua kir (K-ga) I built a
great temple, and lit a fire inside it, tied my hopes
to it and prayed, {also: perestge (OK); peristge (OK-
2); peristgeh (Dh/GF)] P parastesgah Sor
peristi§tga = 'place of worship' [Dh/GF//
K-ga/IFb/RZ//OK]
perestin vt. (-peres-[IFb]). to worship, j also:
peristin (GF); [peristin] ^ (JJ)] Sor peristin
[K/A/IFb/OK//JJ/GF]
perez (AA/OK/Hej) = field stubble. See pirez.
p’ergal I JI f. (-a;-e). 1) order, arrangement; the
system, the social order (Haz); 2) {syn: hiner; ilac]
(fig.) way out of, remedy to a difficult situation
(K): •Sittye got: “Mala me §ewiti, pergala
me ma bi neyarane” (LT-Mi§o) Siti said, “May
our house be burnt down, we are at the mercy of
our enemies [lit. 'our way out has remained with
the enemies']." {also: p’ergel] |(3nr/K/IFb/B/GF/I-Iaz|
p’ergal II JI f. ( ;-§). 1) {also: pergar (IFb)} (pair
of) compasses, dividers (K/IFb); 2) {syn: alav II;
amir] tool, instrument (K/IFb): •Hergiqas av ji
bo hemu jindaran gavkaniyeke bingehin
be ji, iro di dest§ mirov§n “hemdem” de
wek pergaleke ji hole rakirina berhem§n
diroke te bi kar anin (Wit 1:21, p.16)
Although water is a basic resource for all living
440
p
things, today it is being used by "modern" man as
an instrument for destroying historical artifacts
• pergalen berke§ane (IFb) instruments of
production, {also: pergal = 'instrument' & pergar =
'pair of compasses' (IFb); [pergar] (JJ)} < P
pergar jlf^/pergal T pergel = 'pair of
compasses’ & Ar firjar [K/GF//IFb/JJ/GF]
pergar (IFb) = compass. See p’ergal II.
p’ergel J*C <k> = social order; remedy. See p’ergal I.
p’er*ik f./in. (*ka/ # ke; ). playing cards. [Bw]
peristge (OK) = temple. See perestgeh.
peristgeh A*£L*j«u(Dh/GF) = temple. See perestgeh.
peristin (GF) = to worship. See perestin.
p’eritandin ^jjbj^/peritandin >vt.
(-p’eritin-). 1) to sever, break: •Hema zaro
§ure xwe avet ser duve man, duve mart
peritand (KH. p.34) The child immediately swung
his sword at the snake's tail, and severed the
snake's tail; 2) {svn: g’ifandin} to tear, rend (dress,
shoes, etc.) (K/B); 3) ( svn: rug’ikandin} to pluck
(feathers) (A/IFb/K). |KH/K/A/IFb/B/JBl-S/cr/OK]
<p’eritin>
p’eritin vi. (-p’efit-). 1) to be torn, frayed,
worn out; to be exhausted; 2) to be boiled up; to
come apart, fall to pieces (of meat that is well
cooked)\ 3) to be wretched, miserable; to suffer: 4)
to freeze (vi.), be freezing; 5) to burn (with love,
passion, etc.) : *5iqas Meme zindaneda
diheliya usa ji Zina delal diha ze'f bona
Meme xwe diheliya fi dip’eriti (Z-l) The
more Mem ’melted' in prison, the more darling Zin
pined [lit. 'melted and burned’) for him. {also:
<peritin y (diperite) (HH)1
[Z-l/K/B/HH/JBl-S/OK]
perixandin vt. (-perixin-). 1) (svn: miz
dan| to rub, massage; 2) {svn: miz dan) to pet,
stroke, {also: p'erxandin (K)| [Elk/IFb//K]
pe’ri I (B) = piece; slice. See pari,
p’eri II f. ().l) fanv, 2) (svn. husulcemal}
beauty, beautiful woman, {also: [peri] (JJ)} Mid
P parlg = 'witch' (M3) [EP-7/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF]
p’eri§an qLjjaj ac//. 1) upset, chaotic, messed up, in
bad shape, distressed, disturbed; 2) { syn: belengaz;
reben} wretched, miserable, poor: # B. giha
bajar§ Mirg Sere. Geliki peri§an bilye (L) B.
reached the city of the prince of Magic. He (=B.)
was in a sorry state [en piteux [sic] appareil]. {also:
[perichan] (JJ); <peri§an> jbj ^ (HH)} Cf. P
parisan T peri§an; Sor pere§an qIsSjaj “
'scattered, distracted, anxious, worried’ !p’eri§ani;
peri§anti} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
p’eri§ani f (). l) upset, distress (n.) ; 2)
•V
misery; 3) poverty, indigence, {also: peri§anti (A);
[perichani] (JJ)} [K/JB3/IFb/JJ/SK/GF//A]
<p-eri§an>
peri§anti (A) = misery; poverty. See
■ •
p’eri§ani.
perizad^e ojI f ( # a; ). goiter (growth on the
thyroid gland). ?< perde zede [Bw/SS]
p’eflemi§ -p’erlemi§ bun = to shine:
•Weke roje p’erlemi§ dibil (EP-7) She shone
like the sun. {syn: biriqin; biruskin; g’irusin)
< T parlami§ = 'having shined' [EP-7]
pero (Zeb) = rag. See perok.
perok J m. ( ;-i). rag, piece of cloth: •Wext§
gu jor dit jinek me§ke dihijinit, ya rus bu,
ti§tek di berda nebil. Tayeki bendiki li
pi§ta xo gire dabu perokeki kewn[i] qir£ji
li lae berwe, yek li lae pi§twe di bendiki
alandibun. Qi wexte kurk li me§ke da her
du perok bilind dibiin, pe§ u pa§et w§
der- dikewtin (SK 16:156) When he went inside
he saw a woman shaking a goatskin churn, naked,
without a thing on. She had tied a woollen thread
round her waist and hung a filthy old rag on the
thread in front and another one behind. Whenever
she gave the skin-bag a jerk both rags flew up
revealing her fore and aft. {also: pero (Zeb-2);
peruk (Bw)) {syn: kerkon; kevnik [2]; p’ag’II &
p’ag[’]ik; p’ate II; p’ine} Sor pefojE^. = 'rag, cloth'
[Zeb/SK/OK//B w]
perperok -Jjuy.j«v. (IFb/HH) = butterfly, moth. See
p’irp’irok.
perpitin (IFb/JJ/HH) = to thrash about. See
p’irpitin.
perpine ojaj (GF/OK/JJ) = purslane. See p’§rpine.
p’erpinek -*J(K) = purslane. See p’erpine.
p’ersim f. (K) = common cold. See persiv.
persiv = common cold. See persiv.
persiv m.(Bw)/f(OK) (-e/-a; ). common
cold, catarrh; flu, influenza: •Persiv y§ li min
(Bw) I have a cold, {also: p’ersim, f. (K); persiv;
[persiw] (JJ)} Sor pasiw^b
[Bw/JJ/GF/OK//K] <sat’ircem; serma>
441
p
pertal Jbj-au pi. (). 1) goods, merchandise, wares;
property (HH) [also: p’irt-p’al); 2 ) [m. (-e; ).] cloth,
fabric, textile (Zeb): -pirti pertal (IFb) textiles
and clothes [kuma§ ve giyim e§yasi]; wares and
merchandise [mal ve e§ya] ; 3) {syn: kerkon;
qerpal) old clothes, rags, i also: pirtal (IF- 2 /Zeb);
[pertal] (JJ); <pirtal> (HH))
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//HH]
p’ertok = book. See p’irthk.
p’ertuk (K[s]/GF) = book. See p’irtuk.
perft ^j^/perh [A/HH] f. (-ya; ). 1 ) (syn:
p’e§k’e§; xelat [1]) reward: *De zu rabe here
cem mir u peruya xwe bistine (JB 2 -Osman
Sebri/Rnh 14 [1943], 8-9) Hurry! Go to the emir
and claim your reward!; 2 ) {syn: dayin II; p’e^k’e^;
Ul
xelat [ 2 ]) gift, present, [also: <peru >^ (HH))
[Rnh/JB-2/A/IFb/HH/GF/OK]
peruk (Bw) = rag. See perok.
p 5 erwan*e I 3 J Aj f. ( ;•§). 1 ) [syn: *pang) fan,
ventilator (Bw): *Tu dibini gawa li dora xwe
ziz dibe, eyni wek! perwane ye (LM, p. 6 ) Do
you see the way he's spinning around, just like a
fan; 2 ) [syn: belantik; firfirok; p’irp’irok) moth
(K/JJ/HH). {also: [pervane] (JJ); <perwane>
(HH)) [Bw/LM/K/IFb/HH/GF//JJ]
<bawe§ink>
perwaz f Q. frame; border (of a picture), {syn:
gargove) Cf. Sor perawez yj 3 1j«y = 'hem'
[Qm§/K(s)/IFb/GF/OK]
perwerde adj. educated, bred, trained:
-perwerde kirin (IFb) to educate, train: •Em li
gor ldeolojiya netewi ft ferma (resmi)
dihatin perwerde (talim) kirdin [sic] (Ber #7,
p.9) We were educated according to the nationalist
and official ideology. <Mid P parwardan (parwar-)
= ’to foster, nourish, cherish, educate’ (M3); P
parvarde = 'nourished, nursed; educated,
bred, trained'; Sor perwerde ojjow. = nourished’ &
perwerde kirdin oj j03J oo = 'to nurture'
[(neol)Ber/IFb/GF] <hin I>
p'erxandin (K) = to rub; to pet. See
perixandin.
perxil (GF) = timber sled. See parxel.
pesari pl./f.(B) ( ; /-ye), dried cow dung: «Li
Kurdistane, qelaxan ji kerme, sergin
pesariyan gedikin u bi rex§ sewax dikin
ku bi w§ r§x§ ji berf ti baranS b@te
parastin (Wit 1:37, p.13) In Kurdistan, they make
piles of pressed dung patties from [various types of
dried manure], then coat them with moist dung so
that they will be protected from rain and snow.
[Wlt/K/B] <bi§kul/pi§kul; g’ert; guhur; k’erme;
ke§kur; peyin; qelax; fix; sergin; sergo; seklot;
tepik; ter§ [2]; t’ertfik]; zibil; zirig>
pesin m./f.(B/IF) (-e/ ;/-§). praise: -pesin[§
keseki] dan (K/JB3)/kirin (B)/vedan (B) to
praise; -pesine xwe dan (K/JB3) to boast, brag.
[also: pesn (F/JB3/B-2/GF); [pesin] (JJ); <pesn>
(HH)] {syn; metfi; paye I] Cf. P pasand =
'approbation'; Sor pesend jj«u,<u/pesind /pesin
[AX/K/IFb/A/JJ/B//JB3/F/HH/GF]
pesn (F/JB3/B/GF) = praise. See pesin.
pest f. (-a; ). pressure; oppression: •(Jima ku
ez Kurd im min pirr gews (pest) ft i§kence
ji deste Dewleta Tirk ki§andiye (Wit 1:36,
p.16) Because I am a Kurd, I have suffered much
oppression and torture at the hands of the Turkish
state *Ev serokati ne bi ten£ Serokatiya
Neteweyi ye; her wiha serokatiya her kese
ku azadiye dixwaze, pest il kotekiyS
dibine, ye (AW78A3) This leadership is not only
national leadership; it is likewise the the leadership
of every person who desires freedom, who has
experienced oppression and beatings, {also: pest I
(AW)) {syn: gews; pekuti) [(neol)Wlt/IFb//AW]
pe§eman jLliaj (Bw) = sorry. See p 5 o§man.
pegik Jjioo (K) = drop (of liquid) . See p’e§k I.
pegiman (SK) = sorry. See p’o§man.
pe§imani (SK) = regret. See p’o§mani.
• »
p’e§k I f. (). drop (K); raindrop (A/IFb); drops
of water, such as those released when one shakes
ones wet hands (Zeb): *Ez Keta p 5 e§kek av
birSjim (Z- 2 ) Until I take a piss [lit. ’spill a drop of
water'] *Her kese pe§keke ji awa tizbiyet
min wexotewe, cendekd wi agirg
cehennemS nabinit (SK 12:119) Whoever
drinks a drop of the water from my rosary, his
body will not see the fire of Hell, {also: pe§ik (K);
<pe§k> jLy (HH)} (syn: g’ilk; dilop; niqitk)
[Z-2/Zeb/A/IFb/HH/SK/GF/OK//K]
pe§k II Jiy f. [ ;-e). 1 ) lot(s) (lit.): -pe§k av§tin
(F)/avitin/danin (K)/derxistin (B) to cast lots;
-pe§k k 5 i§andin (F) to draw lots; 2 ) lot (fig.) , fate,
fortune, destiny, portion; 3) lottery, raffle (JJ); 4)
442
p
ballot, vote (JJ). {also: [pychk] ciLia (JJ)} P pesk JLlj
= 'casting lots’; Sor pi§k Jjjj [F/K/A/IFb/B//JJ] See
pi§k.
pe§k III /. (). spark, [syn: p’et [2]}
[K/JB3/IFb/OK] <agir; birusk; bizot>
pe§keri (K) = indicative (mood). See pe§ker.
••
p’e§kilin vi. (-p’e§kil-). to disperse, recess,
break, pause (of a meeting): »Heyani evarki
civata wana dip’e§kile, digine male (Z-3)
Their assembly disperses by evening, they go
home, {also: [pishikin] (JJ/PS))
[Z'3/IFb//JJ/PS]
pe§me w berguz j (M-Ak) = Kurdish man's
suit of clothes. See bergftz.
pet§x 6j> m. (-§; ). melon (IFb/Btm); yellow melon
(JJ). {also: petix (Btm/TF); [betikh^Jx- /petty iJaj]
(JJ); <petix> (HH)) { syn: gindor; qawin;
§imamok) < Arbattix^JL = ’watermelon’
[IFb//JJ//HH/TF/Btm] <zebe§>
petin (F)/pe’tin (B/Dz) = to cook. See
patin.
petirme (GF) = grafting. See patrome.
peti adj. pure, unadulterated (of language).{syn:
xweru [1]| [Bw/IFb/OK] <zelal>
petix (Btm/HH/TF) = melon. See petex.
petot adj . rotten, decayed, {also: [petout] c^.
(JJ); <petot> tjlaj (HH)} (syn: p’ug’ [3]; rizi} <W
Arm p‘dut‘iwn qiuini.pf Li* = ’putrefaction'
[HB/IFb//HH//JJ]
petrume (GF) = grafting. See patrome.
p’ev viaj adv. together, j also: [pew <jL/be-pew (JJ)}
{syn: p’ek; vek} < bi + hev
[BX/(K)/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
p’ev* gun vi. (p’ev-g-). 1) to argue, quarrel,
fight; 2) ( syn : ceng [2]; de’w II; doz; gelem§e; gel§}
[f. ().] argument, quarrel, fight, dispute
(GF/TF/OK): *[Ew dibeje ji mira ye, u e di
dib§je ji mira ye, pevgftn dikin] (PS-I, #3, p.
11,1. 4-5) He says “It’s for me," and the other one
says “It’s for me,” and they start fighting, {also:
bihevgun (A); [pew tchouin] (JJ)}
[PS-I/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK/ /JJ//A]
p’evgiredan /. (-a;-e). l) connection,
contact, relationship; link, tie, bond: »Bi
alik’aria hevala Sftsik§ p’evgiredana me
bere-bere melikem bft il em ida rind haj
hev hebfln (Ba2-#2, p.209) With the help of
Susik’s friend, our connection became gradually
stronger, and we were well aware of one another
•Weke saleke min derheqa Shsikeda fu
ti§t nizanbu, ne p’evgiredana me hevra
hebfi, ne ji me hev didit (Ba-2, #2, p.209) for
about a year I knew nothing about Susik, we
neither had any contact with each other, nor did
we see one another; 2) conjunction (gram.) (B).
{also: pevgiredani (IFb)) [Ba2/F/K/B/GF//IFb]
pevgiredani (IFb) = connection, link. See
9 9
p’evgiredan.
p’ev k’etin qj+TiJ** vi. (p’ev -k’ev-J, 1) to be
reconciled, make up; 2) to reach an accord, come
to an agreement: »Min fire ew bona qelen
nikarin p’evk’evin yane ji ape Milo
naxwaze qiza xwe bide min (Ba2-#2, p.207) I
imagine that they cannot agree on the bride-price
or that Uncle Milo does not want to give his
daughter to me. [F/K/B/JJ]
p’evra \ (K) = together. See bihevra.
pev re oJ *u (IFb) = together. See bihevra.
pey I ^ prep, after (with motion) , behind: »Xwe ji
»•
gune pey neg’ire (Ba) As for themselves, they
went hunting [lit. ’they went [out] after the hunt’]
•Halet u gisinan li pey xwe xwe§ dike§in
(AB) They pull the plow and plowshares behind
themselves well (=They do a good job of pulling
the plow...) »Le bereda mer pey jina digin,
jin pey mera nagin (EP-7) But from the earliest
times, men go after (=pursue) women, women don’t
go after men; -dan pey - to pursue, follow: »Min
da pey wi (BX) I pursued him •Osib dide pey
we (Ba3) Joseph follows her; -hatin pey = do.:
•pey wi hatin (BX) They followed him *Qiza
qenc, em hatine pey te (EP-7) Good girl, we
have come for/after you ; -pey .. re/fa - after (in
time) , as a result or consequence of | syn: pa§e):
•Ditirsyam, ku pey ghyina min Ta ni§k§va
gur xwe bavejne ser keriye pez (Ba2:2,
p.205) I was afraid that after I left [lit. ’my going’]
the wolves would suddenly pounce on the flock of
sheep # Pey mirina hire me Clsibra ew kor
bive (Ba3) After (or, as a result of) the death of our
brother Joseph, he [=our father] became blind
•Pey ve xeberdanera Osib gazi xulama kir
(Ba3) After this conversation Joseph called [his]
servants # pey v§ yek§ra (Ba/Ba3) after that,
443
p
afterward, [also: [pel] ^ (JJ); <pey> ^ (HH)) [syn:
du III) [BX/K/(JB3)/IFb/JJ/B/HH/GF/0K]
pey II = foot. See p J e II.
•«
pey*a I Lou m. (*e/*aye; *e). 1) { syn: meriv; mer;
zilam) man; person: *Peyaki mizgin ji me ra
ant (AB) A man (or, [3] footsoldier) brought me
the news; 2) pedestrian: -peya bun = to get
(down) off, alight, descend, disembark; to get out of
(a car) [also: paye [II] bun (Haz)) [syn: dahatin):
•Meme ji bane k’ogke peya bu (Z-l) Mem
came down from the roof of the palace; 3) infantry
footsoldier. [also: peyya (BK); [peia] L> (JJ); <peya>
Lu (HH)) Sor pyaw 3 Lu/pyag [Sinneh] = 'man 1 ;
Hau pia in. = 'man' (M4) (peyati}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/GF//BK]
peya II Lou (IFb) = pride; praise. See paye I.
peyak JLou f. ( ;-e). pawn (in chess) . [B/IFb]
<k’i§ik>
peyal JL^ (K) = tea glass. See peyale.
peyal*e «JL*j /. (*a; ). 1) [syn: istekan; §u§e[3])
small glass for tea (Bw/Zx/K/Lab); "The tea was
served in tiny, pear-shaped glasses-p/yaia in
Kurdish-which sat delicately on painted saucers"
[from: Teresa Thornhill. Sweet Tea with
Cardamom (Hammersmith, London : Pandora,
1997), p. 8] : *Her yeki piyalek gay datine
ber wan (Lab, 41) He sets down a glass of tea
before each one of them; 2) [syn: avxork) tumbler,
water glass (IFb). [also: peyal (K-2); piyal (GF);
piyale (Lab/IFb-2); piyan (IFb-2/GF-2); piyale (A);
ply an (TF); [pian] ^lu (JJ-G) [Jezira] & [payal] (JJ-PS)
[Bohtan=Zx]| Mid P *paygal = 'cup, goblet’ (M3); P
piyale «JLu~> T piyale [Bw/Zx/K/IFb//Lab//A//JJ-
PS//GF//JJ-G//TF]
peyam pbou f./m.(K) (). message; news: information.
Cf. P peyam pLj/peyyam ^Llu; Sor peyam pbou
[K/IFb/GF/TF/RF/RZ]
peyamhiner ni.&f. (). reporter, news writer.
[syn: *nugegiha} Sor peyamner ^l3pLou [VoA/GF]
peyati ^L f. (). being a pedestrian, [also: [peiati]
e^yjJ)) [K/A/JJ] <peya [2]>
p’eyda Ijuaj adj. visible, apparent: -p’eyda bun = a)
to appear: *Pa§i me dit ronaiyek ji 'esmani
peyda bd (SK 11:107) Then we saw a light
appear from heaven; b) [syn: gebun) to come into
existence, be born, be created: *... Meme Alan,
Xec d Siyamend, Koroxli, Topa SultanS
Islame u hwd; ko heryeke ji bdyerek£ an
ji xeyala keseki peyda bdye (SB, p.50)
[Stories like] Meme Alan, Khej and Siyamend,
Koroglu, Topa Sultane Islame, etc., each of which
was created from an event [i.e., is a true story] or
from someone's imagination; -p’eyda kirin = a)
[syn: ditin; veditin) to find;
b) to get, obtain, acquire, procure: *Div§ em gil
geki peyde bikin (Ber) We must find/get 40
[coats of] armor, [also: peyde (Ber/TF); peda II;
pede; [peida] Ijuo (JJ); <peydabun &
peydakirin (HH)) [syn: mewcud) Mid P
paydag = 'visible, obvious, revealed' (M3); P peyda
1 juu~> T peyda [Ber/TF//K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/
SK/GF/OK]
peyde (Ber/TF) = visible. See p’eyda.
peyiftin (IFb) = to speak. See peyivin.
peyik (IFb) = baggy part of shalvar. See peyk.
peyiv f. (-a;-e). word; spoken word(s), as
opposed to the written words [Cf. Fr parole vs.
mot]: *Le bi rasti peyva ku herseke xurt
xistibu nava min ev bu: -Vi kere te ev
zuwabun bi ser me de an! (HYma, 12) But to
tell the truth the words that really got me mad were
these: "This donkey of yours brought this drought
upon us" *Me got gel le mebesta me ji ve
peyve ewe ku kesen ten serdana
pe§angehe (Wit 2:71, p.6) We said 'the people'
but what we meant [lit. 'our intention'] by this word
was ’those who come to see the exhibit', [also:
peyiv (K[s]/0K-2); peyv (Wlt/GF/IFb-2/OK-2)) [syn:
gili [1]; gotin; pivs [2]; xeber; zar I) Cf. Mid P
paygarn = 'message' (M3); P payam pL>/ payyam
r Luu. = 'message' [JB3/IFb/TF/0K//K(s)//Wlt/GF]
<beje; lavz; peyiftin>
peyivdar jljJbau m.&f. (). speaker, spokesman. = Sor
qiseker jaL-J [(neol)IFb/TF/OK]
peyivin vi. (-peyiv-). to speak, talk, [also:
peyiftin (lFb-2); peyivtin (OK-2); peyiftin (-peyif-)
(K/JBl-S); peyivtin (-peyiv-) (IFb-2); peyvin (RZ))
[syn: axaftin; k’elimin; mijul dan; qezi kirin (Bg);
qise kirin (Ks); §or kirin; §texilin; xeber dan)
[BX/JB3/IFb/TF/0K//K/JBl-S//RZ]
peyivtin (jjJL aj (OK) = to speak. See peyivin.
peyiftin (-peyif-) (K/JBl-S) = to speak. See
peyivin.
444
peyin m. ( ; p’eyn [B]). dung, manure: sheep
dung used as fuel and fertilizer (K/A/B); horse
manure (JJ): *Weki peyni z§de ne [or gelek
in] (Hk) They are a dime a dozen [lit. as abundant
as manure'], [also: pehen (IFb-2); pein (F); p’eyn,
m. (; p’eyn) (B)/peyn (IFb); [pein] ^ (JJ)} cf. Az T
pgyin; T peyin [Dogubayazit-Agri] = ’manure,
dung’ [glibre, di§ki] (DS, v. 9, p. 3438); Sor peyin
= 'manure, dung of horse'
[F//K/A/SK//B/IFb/JJ] <bi§kul/pi§kul; g’ert; guhur;
k’erme; ke§kur; pesari; qelax; fix; sergin; sergo;
seklot; tepik; ter§ [2]; t’ert[ik]; zibil; zirig>
peyiv <JLjaj (K[s]/OK) = spoken words; talk. See
peyiv.
peyivtin ^ijL» aj (-peyiv-) (IFb) =: to speak. See
peyivin.
peyk f (). baggy part or crotch of a pair of
shalvar [=baggy pants], [also: peyik (IFb)} [ syn:
navran [2]; p’esir [3]) [Rh//IFb]
peyker jaSo aj m. (). 1) [syn: heyk’el} statue; piece of
sculpture: »Di v§ p§§angehe de 21 wene u
11 peyker (heykel) cih digirin (Wit 2:71. p.6)
In this exhibit, 21 pictures and 11 sculptures are on
display; 2) form, image (JJ/OK). [also: [peiker]
(JJ)I <P peikar =' portrait, figure, model, idol'
[<Pahl pahikar [ptkl] = ’picture, image' (M3) < O P
patikara- = 'picture, (sculptured) likeness']; Mid P
pahikar = 'picture, image' (M3); Sor peyker jaCaj =
’statue' [Wlt/IFb/JJ/TF/OK] <liiner>
peyman qLjaj f (-a;-e). pact, contract, treaty,
(formal) agreement: »Dewleta Tirk li gor!
peymana Cenewre name§e (Wit 1:39, p.16)
The Turkish state does not abide by [or, go along
with] the Geneva Convention. <Mid P payman =
'measure, period, moderation, treaty' (M3); P
peyman Sor peyman ^Ljaj = 'promise,
agreement, treaty' [(neol)Wlt/K/A/IFb/TF]
p’eyn ^aj, m. (; p’eyn) (B)/peyn (IFb) = dung, manure.
See peyin.
peyv <JbAj (Wlt/GF/IFb/OK) = spoken words; talk. See
peyiv.
peyvin (RZ) = to speak. See peyivin.
peywendi /. (-ya; ). relationship,
relation(s), connection: *P§wendiya min ligel
wan nine (IFb) I have no connection with them
whatsoever *Peywendiyen (tekili) we bi
t§ko§in&, ku Kurd ji bo rizgariya xwe
didominin, wek partiya Karkeren
Kurdistan (PKK) u partiya Keda Gel (HEP),
gawa ne? (Wit 1:37, p.16) How are your relations
with [those representing] the struggle which the
Kurds are carrying on for their freedom, such as
the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and the
People’s Labor party (HEP)? [also: pewendi (IFb-2)}
[syn: t’ekili II[3]} <Sor peywendi ^jJ^aj =
••
'connexion, relationship'; cf. P peyvand 'link,
connection, relationship’ [(neol)Wlt/A/IFb/TF]
<liatin u gun>
peywir ^aj f. (-a; ). 1) (syn: vatini; wezife} duty,
responsibility: *Di encame de ji bo hilgirtina
van peywiran (wezifeyan) ev endam hatin
hilbijartin (Wit 1:36, p.5) In the end, these
members were elected to carry out these duties; 2)
job, employment: •Endamen malbata min ji
min hevi dikirin ku ez zaningehe
biqedinim, bibim xwedi peywir u
alikariya abort bi wan re bikim (Wit 1:35,
p.16) Members of my family expected me to finish
college, get a job, and help them out financially.
[(neol)Wlt]
peyxember Aj (BX) = prophet. See p’exember.
pevya Lo aj (BK) = person; pedestrian. See peya.
PeZ J Aj / p ez li> Aj [SK-2] m. (-e; p§z, vi pezi). (flock
of) sheep: *Xwe bu §ivan d jina xwe kire
pez (L) He himself became a shepherd, and he
made his wife (=turned her into) a sheep; -go§t£
pez (B) mutton; -k’etina ser§ p§z (B) lambing
time, period when ewes bring forth lambs; -peze
do§ant (B) Milk-bearing sheep; -peze k’tivt
(B/JJ) wild ram. See pezk’dvi; -peze ner (BX)
ram, male sheep [syn: beran}: # pez§ ner ji bo
kere ye (BX) The ram is [destined] for the knife
[prv.[\ -pez§ re§ (JB3) goat(s) (syn: bizin}; -pez§
spi (JB3) sheep [syn: mi I}; -peze stewr (B) sterile
sheep [also: paz (TF); pez, f. (F/AB-2); [pez] yj (JJ)}
[Pok. 2. pek- 797.] 'wealth, movable property': Skt
pasu- m. = ’cattle'; O Ir *pasu-/zero grade *fsu-: Av
pasu- = 'small livestock, domestic quadruped'; Mid
P pah = 'sheep’ (M3); S Baluchi pas = 'small
livestock'; W Ossetic (Digor) fus = 'sheep’; Sor pez
j aj = 'sheep and goats'; Za pes m. = 'livestock'
(Mai); cf. also Lat pecus, pecoris n. = 'flock (of
cattle or sheep)'; Germ Vieh n. = 'cattle’ [K/A/JB3/
445
p
IFb/B/JJ/JB 1-S/SK/GF//AB/F//TF] <bizin; celeb II;
col; kewal; mi I; sewal I; §ivan>
pezkovl Js&oo (IFb) = ibex. See pezk’itvi [2].
pezk’uvi m. (). ibex, mountain goat:
•Carna bi strandin an bi fikandin, be tirs
tela§, wek pez kuviya, ji tehteke me
xwe davete tehteke din (SW: Erebe §emo.
§ivane Kurd, pp.43-44) Sometimes with singing or
whistling, without fear or worry, they would leap
from one rock to another like mountain goats.
{also: peze k’uvi (B); pezkovi (IFb); [pez kouwi
^y^j/paz kui (JJ-G)/paz-a kovi or pes-kovi (JJ-Lx)]
(JJ)1 Cf. Sor pezekewi = 'mouflon & ihex’
[DZK/K/JJ/GF//B//IFb] <deer: ask; gak’uvi; goat:
bizin; sheep: beran; pez>
pe I fe. 1) {<hi + wi/we] with him/her/it; 2) [prep.]
«•
with, by, hy means of (=bi) (K2): *Ax gawa
gustilka Mem§ ji Zina qiza mir nedizi,
mine iro pe we gustilke Meme bistenda
(FK-eb-1, p.271) Oh! Had I only stolen Mem's ring
from Zin, the mir’s daughter, I could have gotten
Mem today with it *Birine min girede pe
dezmale destane (Z-l,p.51) Bind my wounds
with a handkerchief *Meri xtine pe xtine
na§o, meri xune pe ave di§o (Z-1257) One
doesn't wash blood with blood, one washes blood
with water [prv.] *Pire, le pe t’erte sergin
be’r te §ewitandin? (Dz-anec. #4) Granny, can
the sea be set on fire with a dung patty? •T’ased
xwe digirtne dested xwe, pe §iva li wan
dixistin, weki bi wi dengi gura bitirsinin
(Ba2:l, p.203) They would take their bowls and
bang on them with their staffs, so as to scare away
the wolves with this noise. < bi + we/wi
[K2/FK/EP/Z/F] l/Dz/Ba2/K/IFb/B/JBl-A&S/OK] <bi; p’ev;
p 5 ek>
p’e II m. (p’iye ; ). foot, leg: # Hingo 'adet
kiriye, kes§ deste merfiemete bi sere
hingoda binit d§ leqeki li wi desti den, u
kese piye bi-gu di sere hingo bihusut
mirg-mirg d§ wi pS[yi] mag ken (SK 57:661)
If anyone lays a compassionate hand upon your
head you have been accustomed to bite that hand,
and if anyone wipes a dung-covered foot on your
face then you kiss that foot noisily; -p 5 § li
zimane hev kirin (XF/EP-7) to be so crowded,
that there’s no room for a pin to fall, to be up to
one’s nose in ... [lit. ’to put [their] feet on one
another's tongues’] »§ikyatgi p’6 ziman§ hev
dikin (Z-l) Were up to our necks in plaintiffs [lit.
'plaintiffs are stepping on each other’s tongues']
[people coming to the court to air their
complaints], {also: pey II; [pei]^. (JJ); <pi> ^ (HH))
[Pok 2. p§d-/p6d- [nom. s. p5ts [Kent: *pod-s], gen.
ped-es/-os) 790.] ’foot’: Skt pad-/pada-; Av pad-
='foot’ & paSa- = 'step, pace' (Kent); OP pad-/pada-
(Kent); Mid P pay [pdy] = 'foot; footstep, track'
(M3); P pa L>; Sor pa L> =’foot' & pe ^ = 'foot,
footing, degree, note (music)'; Za pa m. = 'foot,
kick' (Mai); Hau pa ill. (M4); cf. also Lat pes, pedis;
Gr pous noug [gen. podos noSoc;); Arm odk £ map
[vodk c ]; Germ Fuss lK/A/jB3/iFb/B/SK/GF//Jl//Hn]
<ling>
p’eg’an/peg’an [B] vt. (-p 5 §g’-). 1) to wrap,
pack; 2) to swaddle; 3) to fold. {also: peg’andin (B-
2); p’eg’andin (K); p’egin; [petchan jLj* /pitchan
^Uo/pitchiian (JJ); <pigan (dipige) (a*
^o)/pegandin ^Ajl^o (dipigine)C )> (HH))
Mid P pecldan (pec-) = ’to twist, entwine’ (M3); P
picldan Za pe§ena [pi§ti§] (Srk); Hau
pegay/petay (peg-) vt. (M4) [Z-l/EP-8/IFb/B/JJ/
SK/GF//A/JB3//K//HH] <peg’avtin>
peg’andin (B)/p’eg’andin (K) ^ajUL = to wrap; to fold.
See p’eg’an.
peg’avtin vt. (-peg’iv-). 1) {sj^n: nixamtin;
werkirin) to cover, envelop, wrap (up): •[XHn§
ser ti gaved Behrami peg’avt] (JR) Blood
covered Behram’s face [lit. 'head and eyes']; 2) to
wind (around) . { also: pegavtin (Hk); [petchawtin]
0 &* (JJ)) [JR/K(s)//JJ/Hk] <p’eg’an>
peg*e f. («a; ). veil: -pega buke (Bw) bridal
veil. [ also: pege (OK-2)) (syn; gadir [1]; garik [2];
gar§ev [1]; p’erde [4]) [Bw/Dh/GF/OK/(JBl-A]]
chezar; xeli I>
p’eg’ek/pSg’ek [B] f. (-a;-e). 1) package,
parcel, bundle; roll (ofpaper)-, 2) swaddling
clothes, swaddling band: # Dijmin...zaroken li
ser p£gek£ ku§tin (Wit 2:59, p.7) The
enemy...killed infants in swaddling clothes •...P6
deve xwe p’eg’eka t 5 fal§ girt bu (EH) [the
goat] picked up in its mouth the child’s swaddling
band, {also: [petchek] (JJ)} Sor pegek =
’bandage; package; envelope' [EH/K/A/lFb/B/Jj/GF]
<p’ag’ik>
446
p
pegebtin vi. (pe ge-b-). 1) {syn: karin;
§iyan) can, to be able [rev. con.]: •Min pe ge
nabit (Zeb) I cannot; 2) [/. ().] { syn: §iyan) ability:
♦
• li duv §iyan u pegebuna xo (R 15 [4/12/96]
p.2) to the best of one’s ability. [Zeb/R]
peg’i (K) = finger. See beg 5 ! II.
p’egin = to wrap; to fold. See p’eg’an.
p§da I IaIj adv. below: -ji ff-f peda (Bw/SK) below,
downward of, lower than: •Dibejin carek! gurg
gu serkanieki av dixareve. Di wi wextida
berxek hate ser ave, qiyase do werisan ji
gurg! peda dest bi av-xarinewe kir (SK 5:55)
They say that a wolf ouce went to a spring and was
drinking some water. At the same time a lamb
came to the water and began to drink about two
rope-lengths below the wolf, {^pehel) [Bw/SK]
<binat’ar>
peda II 1 j2o. See p’eyda.
pede ojJo. See p’eyda.
p§hel adv. above: -ji ft-f [d] pehel (Bw/SK)
above, upward of, higher than: •Hevalet min
hem! ji hejde ne u pehel[tir] (Bw) My friends
are all eighteen (years old) and above. I^peda I)
[Bw/SK] <wevatir>
pe Kesin = to find out about, learn of, be
••
aware of. See fies!n.
pejan (jljL.. (Bw) = fence. See percan.
p’ejgir /. (-a;-e). towel, {also: pe§kir (IFb);
pe$kir (A); [pychkir] (JJ)) {syn:xawli) <P plsglr
= 'napkin; apron'—> T pe§kir = 'towel'--> Ar
basklr [EP-7/K/B//A//IFb//JJ]
p§jin qjL> /. (-a;~S). l) slight sound, sound heard
while dozing off (IFb) [sound one is not sure one
has heard or not, or sound whose origin is
unclear]; sound of footsteps (JJ); sound of stg.
moving (HH): •[Lakin weku pejna kitin d
deng tetin meger xweha Mehmed begi be
p£jne hi§yar dibe] (JR) But when he made noise
[by climbing in the window] and the sound carried,
Mehmed beg's sister woke up at the sound; 2)
rumble; echo; rumor; event (K). {also: pejin
(IFb/TF-2/OK-2); pejn (IFb-2/OK-2); [pejin
^j^u/pejnek X^o] (JJ); <pejn> (HH)}
[JR/jj/IFb/GF/TF/OK//K//HH] <sinahT>
pejin QiJl j (IFb) = to cook. See patin & pijln.
p 5 §k adv. together, {syn: p’ev) < bi + [y]ek
[Ber/K/A/JB 3 /IFb]
p 5 ek*an!n vt. (p 5 ek[t]!n-). 1) to
prepare: *[£end belg!r ku lazim pek b!nin]
(JJ) Prepare as many horses as are necessary; -xwe
pekanin = to prepare o.s., get ready: *Kurd xwe
pek t!nin, da bi keriyen xwe ve herin l£fa
(SW-#18 [Ereb §emo]) The Kurds get ready to go to
the lambing pen with their flocks; 2) to accomplish,
achieve, carry out, bring to pass: »Xwed§
dilxwaza te pek bine (GF) May God grant your
wish [i.e., bring it to pass]; 3) {syn: li dar xistin} to
organize, put together, hold (a conference j; 4) to
unite (JBl-A); to bring together, reconcile (SK); 5)
to constitute, make up, comprise: # Ez dikarim
armanca me di gend xalan de §!rove bikim
ku ew bingehe xebata me j! pektlnin (Wit
1:37, p.16) I can explain our goals in a couple of
points that comprise also the bases of our work,
{a/so: pek inan (SK); [peik anin] 0*’ X> (JJ); <pek
anin (pektine) (HH))
[Wlt/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF//SK]
<pekanin>
pekenik (GF) = laughing stock; joke. See
pek’enok.
pekenink JjlJaSIj, f. (GF) = laughing stock; joke. See
pek’enok.
pek’enok JjjaSIj £/m.(K) (-a/; ). 1) laughing stock,
person who everyone laughs at; 2) {syn: henek;
qerfl thing laugbed at, humorous anecdote, joke:
•Kes§n ku di nav civaten me Kurdan de
henekan dikin an j! pekenokan dibdjin,
ew "henekvan” in. Kes§n ku b§htir di
diwanxaneyen miran de pdkenok digotin
d carna weke §anogereki bi rola xwe ve
radibun, ew ”qe§mer" bun (CP, p.6) People
who crack jokes or tell humorous anecdotes at the
gatherings of us Kurds are 'comedians." People
who told jokes and sometimes acted out their
stories, were "jesters." {also: pekenik (GF);
pekenink, f. (GF-2)) [CP/K/A/IFb//GF] <henek>
pekesk f. (). edible mountain plant: «Diya
me j! bi me ra hat da ku pincaran §an! me
bide (Spink, tir§o, mendik, pekesk H.D.)
(E§, p.8) Our mother came with us too, to show us
edible plants [pincar] (meadow salsify, sorrel,
mendik , pekesk , etc.). [E§/GF]
447
p
pekewk f. (). ragged robin, cuckooflower,
bot. Lychnis flos-cuculi. [also: <pekewk>
(Hej)} (syn: *peqijik (IFb)} [Bw/IFb/OK/Hej/AA]
p’ek*hatin \ eiG vi. (p’ek[t]e-). 1) to
take place, come about, occur: *Bele, ev rast e
ku bfiyeren wiha pek ten (Wit 1:37, p.16) Yes,
it is true that such events take place *£ri§ roja
12.11.1992 an, evare saet di 22.30 an de
pek hat (Wit 1:39, p.9) The attack took place on
November 12, 1992, at 10:30 in the evening *Ji
Newroze u hetani roja iro pel bi pel ji all
"h£zen tari" ve gelek cinayet pek hatin
(Wit 1:39, p.16) Ever since Newroz, murders have
been occurring in waves at the hands of "dark
forces’ 1 ; 2) to be organized, founded, established,
arranged; 3) to be prepared, made ready (JJ/HH):
•[Hej zad pek nehatiye] (JJ) The food is not yet
ready; 4) to be reconciled, to make up (SK); 5) [+
ji] to consist (of): *We§anxaneya Zelale ...
pirtftkek ku ji du cildan pek te derxist
(AW75B6) Zelal Publishers have published a book
... which consists of two volumes, {also: [peik
hatin] X (JJ); <pekhatin (pekte)
(HH)} Cf. Sor pek hatin Jbu = ’to
come together, agree, turn out well, be formed, be
completed, be accomplished'
[Wlt/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF] <pekanin>
pekijin vi. (-pekij-). to sneeze, {also: pigikin
(Qm§/Wn); pigkin (IFb/GF/Slm); pigkyan (Qzl)(
{syn: behnijin; henijin [3]) =Sor pijmin
pi§min [M-Ak//Qm§/Wn//Slm/lFb/
GF//Qzl] <sebr [3]>
pek inan (SK) = to prepare; to accomplish; to
reconcile. See p’ekanin.
p’Sk’ol Jj£L> /. ( ;-e). 1) pawing the ground (of
animals): -p’ek’ol kirin I (B/GF) to paw the
ground; 2) {syn: bizav| effort: • Berdewam li
pS§ahiya her pekoleka a§tixwaziye bilye
bo ragirtina §ere navxo (R 15 [4/12/96] p.2) It
has consistently been at the forefront of every
peacemaking effort to stop the civil war; -p’ek’ol
kirin II (Zeb) to strive, make an effort:
•Berdewam ji de pekol hete kirin bo
rohnkirin tSgihandineka dirust bo ve
proje (R 15 [4/12/96] p.2) Efforts will continually
be made to clarify and correctly expalin this
project. < p’e = ’foot’ + k’ol- = ’to dig’
[Zeb/R/K/B/GF]
pekuti (). pressure; oppression: •P§kuti H
i§kenceyen ku li wan dibin hemu ji me re
tinin (Wit 1:49, p. 16) Whatever oppression and
torture befalls them, they bring all these things to
us. (syn: gews; pest) [(neol)Wlt]
pekve adv. together: •'Qlare-y me ji xeyri
Kelatine gi di niye.' Xulase §Htiket xo
pekwe bestin, li pencere gire dan (SK
47:465) ’There is no other way out for us but to
escape.' In short, they tied their cummerbunds
together and lashed them to the window «Koger u
bineci yek in. Lazim e em pekwe w§ tole
we-keynewe (SK 40:376) The nomads and the
settled are one. We must avenge this together, {also:
pekwe (SK); [peikwe] (JJ)} {syn: bihevra;
t’evde} Sor pekewe [Bw/Dh/Zeb/GF//JJ//SK]
pekwe (SK) = together. See pekve.
p’el Jl>. f (-a;-e). 1) {syn: elk’an; mewc} wave (at sea)
: -pel bi pel (IFb) in waves: *Ji Newroze ii
hetani roja iro pel bi pel ji ali "hezen tari"
ve gelek cinayet pek hatin (Wit 1:39, p.16)
Ever since Newroz, murders have been occurring
in waves at the hands of "dark forces"; -p’el dan =
to wave, flap (vi.) , be agitated: *Ala min pel
dide (AB) My flag is waving [in the wind]
•Re§iyen li dora §ahra sere wi di ser hev
de pel didin (Tof, p.7) The tassels around his
head band hit against one another; -p’§la be’re
(B) wave of the sea, sea-wave: 2) (syn: gav; wext}
time: -ve p’ele (K) the other day: «Ere, bira ve
p’ele hevaleki cabdar nemek ji MoskvaS,
ji komunisteki kevn stendibu (K2-Ferik) Just
the other day a comrade in a position of
responsibility received a letter from Moscow, from
an old communist; 3) series (of attacks, etc.) (Zeb).
{also: [pel]J-o (JJ); <pel> J-o (HH))
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/GF/Zeb] <behr; k’ef>
p’elav f. (-a;-e). shoe, footwear; slipper
[babouche], boot [bottine], sandal [sandale],
pointed shoe which rises above the heel [soulier
pointu qui s’eleve par dessus le talon] (JJ); type of
shoe, high and pointed in back (PS); type of canvas
shoe [Fr espadrille] made of woven cords and with
a sole of leather or rubber (the latter made of
automobile tires) (JBl-A): -p’SIav p’§ kirin/
448
p
p 5 §lav xistin p’e (K) to put on shoes, {also:
pelaw (SK); [pelaw/pelaw/pelav] (JJ); <pelav>
(HH)} [syn: meras (K§/plt); qondere; sol} See
JB1, note #155, p. 201. Cf. Sor peiaw/iu =
'footgear; Hau paia m. = ’leather shoes' (M4)
[Msr/Bw/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JB 1-A/GF//SK] <gore;
k’alik II; sol; §irox>
pelawjYG (SK) shoe. See p’elav.
p’Slegan jlfkho f. ( ;-§). 1) (syn; p’epeling; p’estirk;
silim} ladder (Hk/Wn/A/IFb); 2) {syn: pepeling)
staircase (Hk/Wn/A/IFb); 3) {syn: pepileke (A);
p’estirk} step in a staircase (K). [also: p’elekan
(K/A/IFb/B); peluk (IFb)} Mid P pillagan = ’steps,
ladder’ (M3) [Hk/Wn//K/A/IFb/B//F//Ad] <hewq>
p’elekan jlfeJto (K/A/IFb/B) = ladder; staircase. See
p’Slegan.
peluk (IFb) = ladder; staircase. See p’elegan &
pepeling.
penc num. five, 5. {also: peng (A); pyenc (S&E);
pyenc (S&E); [pendj] (JJ); <penc> ^qq (HH)}
[Pok. penkBe 808.; pnksti- 839.] ’five': Skt panca-;
O Ir *pan6a; Av panca; Mid P pan] (M3); P panj
^q; Sor penc ; Za panj (Todd); Hau penc (M4)
[K/JB3/IF/B/HM//A//]J] <panzdeh; penceki; penci I>
penca UXC adj. fifth, {also: pencan (K-2/IF/BX);
pencani (K-2); pencem (A/IF-2); pencemin (IF-2);
pence (JBl-A/SK/M-Ak); penci II (IF-2); pencye
(JBl-S); [pen]an jG*q (Lx)/penje (Rh)] (JJ)I Cf. P
panjom Sor pencem [in] Za pancin
(Todd) [F/K/B/BK//IF/BX/JJ//A//JBl-A/SK/M-Ak//JBl-S|
<penc>
pencan (K/IF/BX) = fifth. See penca.
pencani (K) = fifth. See penca.
pence ^ (IFb/SK) = fifty. See penc! I.
pencek (GF) = a fifth. See pencSki.
pencem (A/IF) = fifth. See penca.
pencemin (IF) = fifth. See penca.
pence (JBl-A/SK/M-Ak) = fifth. See penca.
pencek (AR) = a fifth. See penceki.
pencek! f. (-ya; ). a fifth, 1/5: •Penc-yeka
(pSnc^ka) saman§ w! behra min b-Q (AR,
288) A fifth of his wealth was my share, {also:
pencek (GF); pencek (AR); penc-yek (AR-2)j Sor
penc-yek (Sulaimania & Kerkuk) /pencek
/penc-yek (Arbil) [Zeb//AR//GF]
pencih (HH/TF) = fifty. See penci I.
penci I num. fifty, 50: «Ji penci cari behtir
gotina "mist" di §Hna gotina "mizdan§" de,
bi gewti hatiye bikaranin (AW73C2) More
than 50 times the word 'mist' was incorrectly used
instead of the word 'mizdan. {also: penci (GF);
pence (IFb/SK); pencih (TF); [pyndji c y*q>/pyndjehi
(JJ); <pencih> (HH)} Skt parica£at; Av
pancasatam [acc.]; Mid P panjah (M3); P panjah
obw.; Sor penca Za pancas (Todd); Hau penca
(M4) [(K)/A/JB3/B//IFb/SK//JJ//HH/TF//GF]
<penc>
penci II (IF) = fifth. See penca.
pencsed j^^^G/pencsed [SK] num. five
hundred, 500. {also: penc sed (BK); penc sid (BK-
2); pensed (IFb); pensid (B)} Av panca sata; P
pansad Sor pensed Za panj sey
(K/A/BK//SK//IFb//B]
penc sid (BK) = five hundred. See p§ncsed.
Penc§em f. ( ;-e). Thursday, {also: Penc§emb
(IFb); Pen§em (B-2/Rh); Pen§emb; P§§em II;
[pechem ^/pechemb (JJ)} Cf. P panjsambe
^^wtq -> T per§embe; Sor penc§em[m]e
<dJ^*£s^/penc§emuj^ Za panj§eme
[F/K/JB3/B//JJ//IFb//Rh]
Penc§emb (IFb) = Thursday. See Penc§em.
penc-vek (AR) = a fifth. See penceki.
pencye (JBl-S) = fifth. See p£nca.
••
peng (A) = five. See penc.
pengav <Jl£Co f. (-a;-e). step, pace; measure: •Rlwi
se gar pengawan digu, radiwesta, digti.
sicde, du‘a dikir, da dil§ hewalan z@detir
qahim bibit derKeqq wi (SK 4:48) The fox
would walk three or four paces, stop, prostrate
himself and pray, so that his companions’ hearts
would become more firmly attached to him;
-pengav avetin (Zeb) to take steps or measures.
{also: pengaw (SK)} | syn: gav [2]} = Sor hengaw
[Zeb/Dh/Hk/IFb/TF/OK//SK]
pengaw (SK) = step. See pengav.
penivis (BK) = ink pen. See pentis.
pensed (IFb) = five hundred. See pencsed.
pensid (B) = five hundred. See pencsed.
Pen§em (B/Rh) = Thursday. See Penc§em.
Pen§emb l, = Thursday. See P§nc§em.
p£nfts /. (-a; ). pen. {also: penivis (SK)} [syn:
qelem} Sor penus < pe = ’with it' + nus- =
’write' [A/JB3/IFb//SK]
449
p
pepelank (Zeb) = staircase. See p’epeling[2]
p’Speling f./m.(M§) (-a/-§;-e/). 1) [also:
pepilok (Haz)) { syn: derenc (L); hewq; nerdewan
(EP-7)( step, rung (of ladder) ; 2) {also: pepelank
(Zeb)} {syn: derenc; p’elegan; p’estirk) staircase,
steps; 3) {syn; p’elegan; p’estirk; silim) ladder (Ad).
{also: peluk (IFb-2); p’ep’eluk (Z-l/IFb/F/M§);
pepileke (A); pepilik (A); pepilok (Haz))
[Ad/K/B//A//Haz//Z-l/IFb/F/M§//Zeb]
p’ep’eluk JjjJcuo (Z-l/IFb/F/M§) = step; staircase;
ladder. See p’epelmg.
p’§pes -p’epes bun (K) to be trampled under
foot; -p’epes kirin (F/K/B) to crush, crumple,
mash, trample under foot, {also: [pei-pez kirin]
(JJ)) {syn: p’elaxtin [1]; t’episandin)
[F/K/B//JJ]
pepileke (A) = staircase step; ladder rung. See
p’Speling.
pepilik J_Ll> (A) = step; staircase; ladder. See
p’Speling.
pepilok JyLl) (Haz) = step, rung of ladder. See
p’epeling.
p£r adv. the day before yesterday, two days ago:
-duh[u] na per (B) do. {also: [per] ^ (JJ);
<per>^o (HH)1 Av *paro.ayare; Pahl parer; P
parlruz (Horn #311); Sor pere ^1*; Za perey
•*
(todd). See I. Gershevitch. “Iranian Chronological
Adverbs,” Indo-Iranica : Melanges presentes a
Georg Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden, 1964), pp.78-88;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 179-89. (S&E/BK/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
cbetraper; dihi>
pera 1 adv. 1) together, jointly; 2) instantly, at once,
immediately: -pSra-pera (B/Ba3/HR-1) do.: *Le
Osiv peta-pera dest bi xwarinS nekir (Ba3)
But Joseph did not begin immediately to eat. {also:
pe re (IFb-2)) [Ba3/K/A/IFb/B]
pSrar j)adv. two years ago, year before last: -par
na perar (B) do. {also: [pirar] j\ (JJ); <perar>
jl^j (HH)( <0 Ir *para-yar- (A&L p. 82 [I, 1]): P
pirar jl^; Sor perar j\JL>. See I. Gershevitch.
“Iranian Chronological Adverbs,” Indo-Iranica :
Melanges presentes a Georg Morgenstierne
(Wiesbaden, 1964), pp.78-88; reprinted in his
Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-Williams
(Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985),
pp. 179-89. [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//JJ]
cbetraperar; par>
pe re oj ^ (IFb) = together; instantly. See p£fa.
perest (A) = table of contents; index. See
p’Srist.
p’ergi (A/L/GF) = encounter; welcoming. See
p’ergin.
p’ergin f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: berahik) encounter,
meeting: -p’ergi bdn = to encounter, meet: •Bi
re de, wezire hakim pergi kegelok bti (L)
On the way, the king's vizier encountered
Kechelok; •Rabdn pergi B. ve gfin (L) They
got up and went out to meet B.; 2) {syn: berahik;
pe§waz) welcoming, going out to meet s.o. arriving:
-gtln p£rgin£ (IFb) to go out to greet s.o. {also:
p’ergi (A/L/GF-2)} [L/A//K/BX/IFb/GF] <berbiri>
p’erist / (). 1) {syn: naverok; neta k’itebe (F);
serecema k’itebe (F)( (table of) contents; 2) {syn:
naverok) index, {also: perest (A)) [K(s)/IFb/GF//A]
p’erpine f. (). purslane, bot. Portulaca
oleracea: -rihka p£rpine (Bw) a loner [lit. 'root of
purslane'] [expression] because p'erpine grows in
individual isolated clumps, {also: pelpine (IFb/
GF-2/OK-2); perpine (GF/OK); p’erpinek (K); pirpir
(Ad); [perpina] L>^> (JJ)) Cf. P parpahn Sor
pelpine [Bw//GF/OK/JJ//K//IFb//Ad]
p§rtevink f. (). spider, {also: p’etavent
(K); t’evnpirk; [petavent] oJjIlu (JJ)} {syn:
dapiro§k; p’indepir; pir [4]; pirhevok; pirik [4];
t’evnpirk [1]) [Slv//K/JJ]
peser (A) = breast; collar. See p’esir.
p’esir f (-a;-e). 1) {syn: p’a§il; sing) breast,
chest; chest cavity; 2) {syn: berstu; girivan; pisto;
yax) collar; lapel; edge, border of a garment (JJ):
-p’isir girtin (JJ) to collar, seize, catch hold of;
-p’esira fk-§ ji fk-e/ft~t xilaz kirin (B) to
save, rescue s.o. from s.o./stg.: •[P’Ssira me ji
olama Romi xelas dibe] (JJ) We will free
ourselves of Turkish domination [lit. 'Our collar
will be rid of Turkish taxes']; 3) (syn; navran [2];
peyk) crotch (of trousers) (Bw/Zeb). {also: peser
(A); [pesir] (JJ); <pesir>^^j, (HH)(
[JR/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bw//A] <yax>
pest I (AW) = oppression. See pest,
p’est II o—L (K [s]) = skin, hide. See pist.
p’estir (K/JJ-Rh) = ladder; stairs. See p’dstirk.
«
450
p
I
I
p’gstirk f. (-a; ). 1) { syn: p’elegan; p’epeling;
silim} ladder; 2) (syn; derenc; p’elegan; p’epeling}
steps, stairs. (a7so: p’estir (K);.spetirk (Snd); [pe-stir]
(JJ-Rh)l [Snd//Bw/OK//K/JJ-Rh]
p§§ I prep. 1) [syn: ber) in front of, before (place):
-p§§ fk-d kirin = to show [lit. 'to put in front of
s.o.’]: •Bebextiya xwe pe§ gaven min kir
(BX) He revealed to me (=put before my eyes] his
treachery •Lazim e law§ te bi min re be, we
tate pe§ min bike (L] Your son must come with
me [and] show me that rock *Herdu ga li pa§
in, game§ j! li p£§ in (AB] Both of the oxen are
in the back, while the buffaloes are up front; 2)
used in conjunction with postpositions:
-p§§ ... de = in front of, before (place) : # pe§ min
de /di pe§iya min de = in front of me;
-p@§ ... ve (BX) in exchange for;
-ji p§§ ... ve (Bw/Dh) on behalf of: «ji p§§ min
ve (Dh) on my behalf;
-li ... p&§ve (EP-7) in front of. before (place) :
•Zin§ we li rewaqa pe§va sekinye (EP-7)
Zin stood before the balcony, {also: [pech /pych]
ore (JJ)1 Cf. P pis jLo; Sor pe s s See I.
Gershevitch. “Iranian Chronological Adverbs.”
Indo-Iranica : Melanges presentes a Georg
Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden, 1964), pp.78-88;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica, ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, 1985), pp. 179-89.
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF//JJ] <pe s sT I>
p 5 £§ II f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: damen; daw I| skirt,
flap, lap (of a garment) ; 2) {syn: p’al [2]; qundax;
sing! slope (of mountain) : »ser p 5 e§a Dhmanlue
(Ba2) on the slope of [Mount] Dnmanlu (located
between Erzurum and Erzincan in northeastern
Turkey), {also: [pech] (JJ); <pe§ik> (HH)1
[Ba2/K/IFb/B/JJ//HH]
p§§angeh f (-a;-e). exhibit, exhibition;
display: »Di v£ pe§angehe de 21 wene ti. 11
peyker (heykel) cih digirin (Wit 2:71, p.6) In
this exhibit, 21 pictures and 11 sculptures are on
display. <Sor pi§ange [(neol)Wlt/IFb//(A)]
p§§ber prep. [+ li / -i] opposite, facing:
-p§§beri hev (BX/JB3) facing each other, face to
face, {also: pe§beri (B)] {syn: dijber; miqabil; raber]
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/GF//B]
pegberi (B) = opposite. See p§§ber.
■■
451
pe§binayi (K) = prediction. See pe§bini.
pe§bini f. (-ya; ). forecast, prediction: •Her
dem encamen ne li gori pe§btniy§n
(texmin) gapemeniye hatin wergirtin
(AW71A2) Every time the results [lit. 'results were
received'] were not according to the predictions of
the press; -pe§bmi kirin (OK) to predict, {also:
pe§binayi (K)l Sor pe§bim = ’foresight,
precautions’ [IFb/GF/OK//K]
pe§da IoJxIj adv. 1) (syn: ben) before (time & place) :
-pe§da gdytn (B) to advance, move forward; 2)
{syn: li ber ve (Ad); ^linda) ago (referring to the
past) . {also: pe§de (A/JB3/IFb); pe§ta (Ber)}
[Z-l/K/B//A/JB3/IFb//Ber]
pe§dagun f (-a;-e). advancement,
progress, {also: pe§daguyin (B); pegdegun
(A/JB3/IFb/GF); pe§taguyin (Ber)] {syn: pe§k’etin;
pe§vegun) [Ber/K//B//A/JB3/IFb/GF//Ber]
pe§daguyin (B) = progress. See pe§dagun.
pe§de (A/JB3/IFb) = before; ago. See p§§da.
pegdegun (A/JB3/IFb/GF) = progress. See
pe§dagun.
pe§ek’ar jl5luxl> = artist; artisan; servant. See pi§ek 3 ar.
Pe§em II (JJ) = Thursday. See Penc§em.
pe§eroj (Ber/RZ) - future. See pa§eroj.
pe§gotin f. (-a; ). introduction, preface,
foreword (e.g.. of a book): • Pi§tt ku min
pe§gotina pirtuke xwend ... (Epl 11) After I
read the book’s introduction .... Sor pegeki
[Epl/AZ/K/IFb/GF/OK]
pe§in gybb (B) = first. See pe§in.
pe§i I f. (-ya;-ye). face, front part: -di p§§iya
fk-e/ft-t de = in front of, before: »di p§§tya
min de = in front of me; -[li] pe§iya fk-e k’etin
= to precede, lead, go before: # Lawe e kor li
pe§!ya qiza hakim ket (L) The son of the blind
man preceded [=led] the princess *Rok§ k’ete
pe§ya bizine xwe, bir ser kany£ avde (Dz)
One day he lead his goats to a spring to water them
[lit. ’he preceded them, brought them'] «... Zine
... pe§ya bazrgSn k’etye, ser kant@ (EP-7)
Zin ... preceded the caravan, headed for the spring;
-pe§i [le] birin/~ya fk-e/ft-i girtin/~ le/je
stendin (K/B/XF): a) to bar or block s.o.’s path:
• Me pe§iya pSz girt, wekt ew nSzik!
xilxile nebe (Ba2:2, p.205) We barred the
sheep's path, so that they could not approach the
p
rock pile; b) to dam, block up: *Me pe§!ya g’em
bifi (B) We dammed up the river; c) to prevent,
avert, stave off: *Doxtira pe§!ya nexwe§iy§
girt (B) The doctors averted the disease [from
spreading], {also: [pichi] (JJ); <pe§i> (HH)1
■ ■
{syn: ber I) [EP-7/BX/K/A/JB3/ IFb/B/HIl/SK/GF/OK//JI]
<pe§ 1>
p§§! II ^1; m. (-ye; ). gnat, mosquito: *Tev me§
ft kelme§ pe§! ft dftpi§k/ (Cegerxwin, Hale
gundiya) Amid flies and midges, gnats and
scorpions, [also: pegu (IFb-2/Erh); [picho / peshu
(Rh)/pesci (G)]^ (}}); <pe§u> > ^j (HH)) { syn:
k’erme§ [l]) Mid P paxsag = 'mosquito, gnat' (M3);
P pase = 'gnat, mosquito'; Sor pegule =
'gnat' [Cxn/A/IFb/GF//HH/Erh//JJ] <axurk; me§;
moz>
pe§i III (GF) = first. See pe§!n.
pe§i ketin (A) = to advance; advancement.
See pe§k’etin.
p§§!n adj. first; foremost, {also: pegin (B); pe§i III
(GF); [pichin/pesln (Lx)] (JJ)] (sjoi: 'ewil; sift
(Ad); yekem] [K/A/JB3/IFb//JJ//B] <pa§in; yek>
pd§kese m. (). person sent to house of father
of prospective bride to announce that the wedding
procession will come on the following day,
wedding herald, {syn: rovi I [2]] jocular folk
etymology : <pegke*se = 'little-foot*of a dog';
actually <pe§ = ’before’ + kes = person’, i.e., the
person who precedes the wedding procession [Zeb]
pe§ke§ (GF) = present. See p’e§k’e§.
pe§*k’etin vi. (pe§-k’ev-). 1) to go
forward; to advance (vi.), get ahead, make
progress; to be developed, develop (vi.);
2) [/. ( ;-e).] advancement, progress;
development: # Ji bo pe§ketine, li herema ku
kurd le dijin, dive reformen abori, siyasi
ft civaki pek ben (AW71A1) For development,
in the region which the Kurds inhabit, economic,
political, and social reforms must take place
•Orkestraya Neteweyi ya Kurd li derveyi
wel§t her tim di hale p§§ketin§ de ye
(AW69B3) The Kurdish National Orchestra abroad
is making progress [lit. 'is in the state of
advancement’], {also: k’etin pe§ (IFb); pe§i ketin
(A); pe§kewtin (SK)) {syn: pe§dagun; pegvegun)
Sor pe§*kewtin = 'to go forward, make
progress’ [K/B/GF/AD//IFb//A//SK]
p§§k’eti 'jZj adj./pp. advanced, progressive:
• •
•Beguman iro gapemeniya kurdan, li gori
neteweyeke weki kurdan b§dewlet, b@maf
gelek pe§keti ye (AW70A2) No doubt, for a
stateless, rightless nation like the Kurds, the
Kurdish press today is very advanced *H@vidar
im ku rola afreta kurd, de di ware §ano-
geriye de p§§ket!tir be (AW73A3) I hope that
the role of the Kurdish woman will be more pro¬
gressive in the field of theater. Sor pe§*kewtu
= 'advanced, antecedent’ [K/AD] <pe§veru>
pe§kewtin (SK) = to advance; advancement.
See pe§k’etin.
p’^k’e? f. ( ;-§). gift, present, offering:
-pe^k’e? kirin: a) to give as a gift, to make a
present of {syn: bexgandin [2]): *Ji bedel we
gakiya Kak §asuwar bizineki bi kar bo
bibe, pe§ke§ bike, c erz bike, me qewi ji
wi minnet e (SK 19:180) In return for this kind
favor of Kak Shasuwar’s, take a goat with a kid to
him, present it to him and tell him we are very
grateful to him *To hind le hat! ez cariya xo
pe§ke§! te bikem, eto pe faz! nebi? (M
#670) Has so much happened to you that when I
give you my own maidservant you're not satisfied
with her?; b) to present, offer: *Silaven germ
pe§ke§ dikim (IFb) I offer warm greetings, {also:
pe§ke§ (GF-2); [pichkech] (JJ)) {syn: dayin II;
diyari; xelat) Gf. P plskes jISjLo = 'present, gift,
offering (from inferior to superior)' & plskes kardan
= ’to offer, present'; Sor pe§ke§
[K/A/IFb/SK/GF/B//JJ]
pe§kir (IFb) = towel. See p’ejgir.
pe§kir (A) = towel. See p’ejgir.
p§§merge m.&f. (). soldier; freedom fighter,
guerrilla, partisan; "Qazi, the president of the short¬
lived Mehabad Republic, ... formed a committee of
hand-picked litterateurs and writers, to come up
with Kurdish terms for his military officers to use
... the first word they encountered for which they
wanted to find a Kurdish equivalent was ’serbaz,'
the Persian word for soldier ... A great deal of
deliberating ensued, but it proved to be a fruitless
undertaking. Exhausted and frustrated, they
ordered tea. An elderly fellow-the sort with a fair
amount of experience to show for his years on this
earth— brought them their tea, and, reading the
452
p
frustration in their faces, said with a smile, "I may
have no formal education, but I’m anything but an
ignoramus. What is the problem which you
professor-types are wrangling with?” They replied,
"Actually, you may even be able to help us!
Instead of 'serbaz,' what would you call a soldier
in Kurdish?” The elderly fellow smiled again, and
said simply, ’The Kurds call a man who is willing
to sacrifice his life for a cause a ’peshmergaV from :
KDPI, Kurdistan, 1 (January 1971). <Sor pe§merge
peg = ’before' + merge <P marg =
'death' [K(s)/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
pe§niyar jLjl£4> f. (-a; ). proposal, suggestion: *Sala
par (gfiyi) min pegniyarek ani meclise (Wit
1:37, p.16) Last year I brought a proposal to the
assembly. I also: pegniyaz (Vo A)) <Sor pegniyar
jL^b; cf. P plsnehad
[(neoi)Wlt/IFb/TF//VoA]
pegniyaz (VoA) = proposal. See pegniyar.
pegta LiL (Ber) = before; ago. See p£gda.
pegtaguyin (Ber) = progress. See
pegdagun.
pegu (IFb/HH/Erh) = gnat. See peg! II.
pegvagun (Ber/K/JB3) = progress;
improvement. See pegvegun.
p§§veghn f. (-a; ). 1) | syn: pegdagun;
pegk’etin) advance(ment), progress; 2)
improvement. | also: pegvagun (Ber/K/JB3):
[pychwe tchouin] (JJ)1
[Ber/K/JB3//IFb/GF//JJ] <werar>
pegveru 33 j<xJiJZ r > adj. progressive (politically) : *Ji we
re jiyaneke serfiraz h pegverti. daxwaza me
ye (Wit 1:37=38, p.2) Our wish for you is a proud
and progressive life, {syn: pegk’etu^pagvefu)
l(neol)WIt/IFb/TF]
pSgwaz j|(). welcoming, greeting, receiving
guests, going out to meet s.o. arriving, {also:
pegwazi (SK); [pich-vaz] (JJ)1 {syn: berahik;
p’ergin) Cf. P plsvaz ; Sor pegwaz
[IFb/GF//SK//JJ]
pegwazi (SK) = welcoming. See pegwaz.
pSgxistin qjl^^L)/p§§ xistin [K/B] vt.
(peg-xin-/-x-). 1) to present, introduce (IFb/GF);
2) to promote, advance (vt). Sor pegxistin
= ’to put forward, put in front, give priority to,
prefer' [Wlt/K/IFb/B/GF]
pegxizmet m. (). attendant, valet; servant:
•Wexte ko Smail Paga zani dihariya
maqhlet Mizuriyan kftr in, pigek di dile
xo da sil bu. Gote pegxizmetet xo, "Tegta
wan sewar bit” (SK 24:222) When Ismail Pasha
learnt that the present of the Mizuri elders was kids,
he became a little annoyed in his heart. He said to
his attendants, "Let their morning meal be of
crushed wheat." [also: [pych-khizmet] (JJ)(
\syn: xizmetk’ar; xulam) Cf. P plsxedmat
[SK/K/JJ]
p’et f (-a; ). 1) {syn: agir; alav I; ar I| flame, fire;
2) [syn: bapegk; pegk III[l]j spark (A): *Ker gend
caran baz da, di we merga fireh de, pSt
ji bin lingen wi derdiket (SW) The donkey
leaped a few times in that spacious meadow, and
sparks flew out from under his feet; 3) sorrow,
grief, woe: -p’et u agir (Msr) deep sorrow [lit. Tire
and flame 5 ]. { also: [peit] o-o (JJ); <pet> (HH))
[Msr/SW/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
p’etavent (K/JJ) = spider. See pertevink.
peva l£b adv. completely, totally, entirely: *Box da
lodka, gur peva darda bh (J) The ox gave a
leap, [and] the wolf was completely [left] hanging.
{syn: lap) [J/K]
pevajo jjUl; f. (-ya; ). process, progression: -di
pevajoya ft-i de (Wit) during, in the course of:
•Di pevajoya tekogine de bi rastiyan re
gewti ji xwe diyar dikin (Wit 1:20, p.3) In the
course of the struggle, together with the truths
mistakes also present themselves. <pev + ajo-
[Wlt/IFb]
peve*kirin vt. (peve-k-/-ke- [Bw]). to
attach, stick (vt.), adhere, affix, paste, {syn:
pevenan; zeliqandin) [Bw/A/IFb/TF/OK]
peve*nan vt. (peve-n-). to attach, stick (vt.),
adhere, affix, paste, {syn: pevekirin; zeliqandin)
[Bw]
pevir /. (-a;-e). Pleiades (constellation) : -p§vir
u mezin (B) Libra, the Scales (constellation), [also:
pewir (A/IFb); pewr (IFb-2); [pefvir ^-o/peirouj^]
(JJ); <pewir> j^> (HH)) <0 Ir *parwi- (A&L p.82 [I,
l]): Sgd pr-prw(’k) = 'behind the Pleiades'; Baluchi
panvar; P parviz^j^.; Sor peru= 'pleiades' &
pewir = 'comet' See I. Gershevitch. “Iranian
Chronological- Adverbs,” Indo-Iranica : Melanges
presentes a Georg Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden,
453
p_
1964), pp.83-84; reprinted in his Philologia
Iranica, ed. N. Sims-Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr.
Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985), pp. 184-85.
[K/B/JJ//A/IFb/HH]
pewendi (IFb) = relation(ship). See peywendi.
pewir ^ (A/IF) = Pleiades. See pevir.
pewist adj. 1) forced, coerced, oblig[at]ed;
having to, must: *!ro zaroken kurd li
Kurdistane pewistin zimanen biyani wek
zimane tirki, farisi u zimane erebi (Ber)
Today Kurdish children in Kurdistan are forced [to
learn] foreign languages like Turkish, Persian, and
Arabic »Di nav ve rew§a neba§ da zaroken
kurd pewistin zimane tirki hinbin (Ber)
Under these bad conditions, Kurdish children are
forced to learn Turkish; 2) {syn: divet [see at vin];
gerek; hewce; lazim) necessary, obligatory,
compulsory (IFb). {also: pewist (IFb)) <Sor pewist
= ’necessary’ [Ber/GF//IFb]
pewist (IFb) = forced; necessary. See pewist.
pewr (IF) = Pleiades. See pevir.
p’exas (K/IFb/HH/SK) = barefoot; beggar. See
p’§xwas.
p’§xember m. (-e; ). prophet; the prophet
Muhammad, {also: peyxember (BX); p’exember
(K/SK); [peigamber] ^^l^y^o^ (JJ);<pexember>
(HH)) < P peiyambar = 'message bearer’
—> T peygamber {p’exember[t]i; p’exemberti}
[Ba/A/IFb/B/GF//K/HH/JJ/SK]
p’exemberi ^(B) = prophethood. See
♦ ♦
p’exemberti.
pexemberiti (GF) = prophethood. See
p’Sxemberti.
p’exemberti f. { ;-ye). prophethood.
j also: p’exemberi (B-2); pexemberiti (GF);
pexemberi (SK); p’exemberti (K); [pekhamberl]
(JJ)) [B//GF//K//JJ/SK] <p’exember>
p§«xistin vt. (pe-x- / pe-xin-), l) {syn:
dadan; hilkirin [2]) to kindle, light up, ignite:
•Bave min ... gixara xwe pexist, hilmek-
dudu ki§andin (Alkan, 72) My father ... lit his
cigarette, and took a puff or two *Cara mayn
g’e’ve de u bave pexine (EP-7) Until he again
stands before the eyes of his parents [lit. ’once again
he kindles the eyes of his mother and father’]; 2) to
rub two things together (e.g. f two sticks , to light a
fire) . { also: vexistin) [EP-7/A/JB3/IFb/TF] See also
vfrxistin. <sutin; vexistin>
pexrik (Wn) = fireplace; chimney. See pix§rik.
p’exun (Dz) = dish made of roasted wheat
ground into flour. See p’oxin.
p’exwas adj . 1) barefoot: •Ditirsim sol&t
min bidizin, pa§i de pexas minim (SK
60:717) I’m afraid they'll steal my shoes, [and] then
I’ll be barefoot; -p’exwas btin/xwe p’Sxwas
kirin (B) to take one’s (own) shoe's off; -p’exwas
kirin (B) to take s.o.'s shoes off; 2) [mj
pickpocket; beggar; 3) strong, tough person [T
kabadayi]. {also: p’exas (K/IFb/SK); [pei-khas
/pekhwas] ^ (JJ); <pexwas /pexas
(HH)} <p’e = ’foot’ + xwas: xwas: <0 Ir
*xwa-au0ra- (A&L p. 86 [VI, 4b]): Sor pexawis
^lAL/pexawus Hau pawirua (M4); See
Outside in: I. Gershevitch. “Outdoor Terms in
Iranian,” A Locust's Leg : Studies in Honour of
S.H. Taqizadeh (London, 1962), pp.82-84;
reprinted in his Philologia Iranica , ed. N. Sims-
Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,
1985), pp. 176-78. [F/A/JB3/B/JJ/HH/GF//K/IFb/SKJ
p’exember (K/JJ/HH/SK) = prophet. See
p’exember.
pexemberi (SK) = prophethood. See
p’exemberti.
p’exemberti (K) = prophethood. See
p’exemberti.
pez f. (F/AB) = sheep and goats. See pez.
pigan vi. (-pige-). to break, burst, split, snap (of
thread, string, rope, etc.): *Doxina §alwar§ min
9
piga (Bw) The drawstring of my shalvar [=Kurdish
trousers] broke, {also: pirgyan (-pirgye-) (OK/M)}
Sor pisan[ewe] [ojdJiLu = 'to burst asunder, break
(rope), suffer severe or fatal strain' [Bw//OK/M]
cbizdin; pizirin; qetin>
pigek adv. a little, a little bit: »Payiz da-hat,
dunya pigek sar bh (SK 2:12) Autumn came
and the weather became a little cold •Xizmeta te
pigek pitir e ji xizmeta kolare (SK 1:4) Your
service is a little greater than that of the kite, {also:
bigek (BK); pigik (JB3); pigiki (A-2); pigek (JBl-
A/Bw); <pigek> (HH)} { syn: g’ig’ik II; hindik;
hinek; pigek; ^gelek; ^p’ir II; ^ze’f}
[IFb/A/HH/GF//BK//JB3//JBl-A/SK/Bw] <pig’uk>
pigik ciLw (JB3) = a little. See pigek.
454
pigiki ^ (A) = a little. See pigek.
pig’tik adj. 1) small, little: -[tellye pecuk] (JJ-PS)
pinkie, little finger {syn: qilig’k/tiliya qilig’ke;
*tiliya bagikan (IF); Piliya guk (B)); 2) [m.] child [pi.
children], {also: bigik (Zx); big’uk (K/SK);
[pucuk/piciuk] (JJ); <piguk> (HH)) {syn:
gugik (Ad/Ks); qicik (Kg)) Sor biguk Hau
wugkle (M4) (big’ukayi; big’uk[t]i; pig’ukayi;
pig’uk[t]i; [piicuki] (JJ))
[BX/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//K/SK//JJ]
pigukani (GF) = childhood. See pig’ukayi [2].
M
pig’fikayi f. (). 1) smallness, littleness; 2)
(syn: g’ug’ikti; zaroti) {also: bigukmt (SK); pigukani
(GF)) childhood. { also: big’ukayi (K-2); big’uki (K-
2); big’ukti (K-2); pig’uki (K-2/B-2/IFb/GF); pig’ukti
(B-2); [piicuki] (JJ)) [K/B//IFb/GF//JJ//SK]
<pig’uk>
pig’uki (K/B/IFb/GF) = smallness. See
■ ■
pig’ukayi.
pig’ukti (B) = smallness. See pig’ukayi.
pidi/p’idi [B] f. (-ya;-ye). 1) (syn: alume[l]}
■ ■
(=Sor puk) gums (flesh around die teedi) [(K) pidi];
2) {syn: alume[2]; *polke (IF); = Sor mela§u
palate (roof of the mouth) (IFb/F/K) [(K)
p’idu/pizi], {also: bidu (K§); pidu (IFb-2/K-
2/GF/Mzg); piri (F); pizi II (K-2); p’udu (B/SC);
[poudi] (JJ); <pudu>jjo (HH)) Sor puk[-i dan]
[ jlj = 'gums'. See: Eduard Schwyzer. “Die
-a
Bezeichnungen des Zahnlleisches in den
indogermanischen Sprachen.” Zeitschrift fur
vergleichende Sprachforschung auf deni Gebiete
der Indogermanischen Sprachen , 57 (1930), 256-
75; reprinted in his Kleine Schriften . hrsg. von
Rudiger Schmitt, Innsbrucker Beitrage zur
Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 45 (Innsbruck, 1983), pp.
[216]-235. [BK/K/IFb/Bw//K§//B/SC//F/GF/Mzg//
JJ//HH]
pidu^ju (K/IFb/GF/Mzg) = gums; palate. See pidi.
p’if ob /. ( ;-§). puff, (exhaled) breath: -p’if
dan/kirin (B/SK) to blow, puff (on, into , etc.) :
•Caxa §evin§ ji pif dikim biltirS (AB) At the
night feeding [of the animals] I blow on my flute.
{also: [pouw] (JJ); <pif> ob (HH))
[AB/K/A/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//JJ]
pifdanik JblaJj (IFb) - balloon. See p’ifdank.
€
p’ifdank f. (-a; ). balloon, {also: pifdanik
(IFb)) [Bw//IFb] <p’if>
pihan (K) = to wait for. See pan I.
pihin (GF) = kick. See p’efiin.
pijan (A) = to cook. See patin & pijin.
pijandin jjjljj vt. (-pijin-), to cook (vt.) . {also:
<pijandin (dipijine) (HH)) Sor
pijandin (-pijen-) & pigandin = 'to
roast in hot ash without receptacle'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/GF] <bira§tin; patin>
pijin vi. (-pij-). 1) to cook (vi.) , be cooked; 2)
to mature, {also: pejin (IFb-2); pijan (A); [pejiian]
jljj. (JJ)) Sor pi§an (-pi§§-) = ’to be baked, to
be roasted in hot ash without receptacle'; Za
pewjena [pewti§] = 'to cook' & pey§ena [pey§ayi§]
= 'to roast' (todd) [K/JB3/IFb/GF//A//JJ] <pijandin>
See also patin.
pik cJj (). side of knucklebone (k’ap II) that sticks out
(hildayi) [T yiiz iistii - a§ik kemiginin gnkur
tarafimn yere gelmesi hali]. {syn: sofi (Wn)) (^gik)
[Qzl/A/GF/TF] <k’ap II>
piling m. (-§; ). name for large cats: 1) tiger; 2)
type of leopard (EI2): »Wexte gd hindawS Iat@
dit hirgek liser dara keskaneye u pilingek
ji li bin dare ye. Hirge nir-nir dikir,
piling! ji zir-zir dikir (SK 10:95) When he
went above the stretch of meadow he saw that
there was a bear in the top of a terebinth tree and
also a leopard at the foot of the tree. The bear was
whimpering and the leopard [was] snarling; 3)
heroic warrior: *Ew dewleta ku ’eskere w§
cendirmet weki hingo di ling-diryay d ji-
birsa-miri bin gawa di§en pilinget weki
£ Ali be §er u zeKmet bigirin ft xirab
biken? (SK 14:139) How can a government,
whose army consists of ragged-trousered, starving
zaptiehs like you, catch and destroy leopards like
Ali without fighting and trouble? {also: peleng (F-2);
[pilink] JjJu (JJ)) Skt prdaku- m. = 'tiger, panther;
adder’; Sgd pwrS’nk/pwrSnkh; Pashto prong; P
Y
palang Jib = ’panther'; Sor piling Jlly, cf. also
Lat pardus; Gr pardos napSog
[S&E/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <p’isik;
§er I; we§eq>
pilisk (GF) = spark. See pirisk.
pilte j (F/JJ/Z-1796) = wick. See fitil.
pin I qj (IFb) = chicken coop. See pin I.
p’in II ^ m. (-§; ). plant, particularly melon-like
fruits that grow (and creep) on the ground: *Ez
455
p_
gflme sere diyareki, min di heft beran li
pey beranek[i] [pine zebe§] (L) I went to the
top of the hill, I saw seven rams after one another
[rdl.; ans.: watermelon plant]. [L/K(s)/GF/TF]
p’incar /p’ incar jL*jj [B] m./t(K/B) ( ; /-e). 1)
wild edible greens or plants (IFb); edible plants,
whether raw or cooked (E§ - Turkish ed., p. 12):
• Diya me ji bi me ra hat da ku pincaran
§ani me bide (Spink, tir§o, mendik,
pekesk H.D.) (E§, p.8) Our mother came with us
too, to show us edible plants [pincar] (meadow
salsify, sorrel, mendik , pekesk, etc.); 2) beet, bot.
Beta vulgaris (IFb/JJ). {also: [pindjar] (JJ);
<pincar>jU^ (HH)} Cf. T pancar = 'beet'; W Arm
panjarelen pm’u^uupfcnt'u = vegetables’
[F/K/A/IFb/]J/HH/GF//B] <deramet I; dikak; emi§
[2]; he§inati>
pind f. (-a; ). anus (of human being or animal),
{also: <pind> jc_> (HH)} 1 syn: zotik}
[Msr/A/IFb/HH/GF/OKl <qun>
p’indepir f. (). spider, {syn: dapiro§k;
pertevink; pir [4]; pirhevok; pirik [4]; t’evnpirk [l]}
[K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
pindk Jaa> = type of children's game. See till pindk.
pinpini (HD/RZ) = butterfly. See p’irp’irok.
pinpinik (GF/RZ/RF) = butterfly. See
p’irp’irok.
p’ir I ^ /. (-a;-e). bridge: *P’ira Mezin p’irek e
ji zemane kevn were we [sic] hati ava kirin
(M-Zx #77) The Big Bridge is a bridge which has
been built in the olden days; -Pira Batmane (BK)
the bridge at Batman (in Batman province
[formerly in Siirt province], Kurdistan of Turkey);
-P’ira fe§ = Diyarbakir’s Black Bridge, {also: p’ira
(K/B); pire (Ag); [pyr] ^ (JJ); <pir> ^ (HH)} [Pok.
per-tu-/por-tu-, gen. pr-teus 817.] ’crossing, ford’
<[Pok. B. per-/pera- 816.] ’to transport, convery
across' <[Pok. 2. per 810.] ’carrying across,
transporting’: Av paratu-s m./f. (<0 Ir *prtu-s) &
pasu-s m. (<0 Ir *prtu-s) = ’crossing, ford, bridge’;
Mid P puhl (M3); P pol 0 L; Sor pird j^>; Za pird m.
(Mai); Hau pirdi f. (M4). According to A&L, the
final -d of Sor pird appears by analogy with
m§rd , etc. |K/B//A/JB3/IFb/)J/HH/CF/TF/OK//Ag)
p’ir II ^ adv. very, very much: »§er ji ve
p’arkirine p’ir xeyidi (Dz) The lion got very
angry at this division [of the spoils] *p’ir digin,
hindik digin (Dz) They keep on going and going
[lit. They go much, they go little’] [cf. T az gitmi§,
uz gitmi§, dere tepe diiz gitmi§]; -pir fl z§de (IF)
more than enough; -p’irtir = more {syn: betir;
ze’ftir; zedetir}. {also: [pur/pir] ^ (JJ); <pir>^> (HH)}
{syn: gelek; qewi; ze’f; zor II (Bw); ^hindek;
^pigek} [Pok. 1. pel- 1798.] 'to fill' ~> *p}E(-)no-:
Skt purna- = ’full’; OIr *prna- for expected *parna-:
Av parana-; Sgd pwrn [purn]/pwn; Mid P purr =
’full’ (M3); P porry_> = ’full’; Sor pir = ’full’; Za pirr
= ’full' (Mal/Todd); Hau per = ’full’ (M4); cf. also Lat
plenus = 'full'; Gr polys no/Vug = ’much’ & pleos
Ti?iia)g = ’full’; Lith pilna-; Rus polnyi noAHHft =
'full'; Germ voll = ’full' & viel = ’much'; Eng full.
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
p’ira ) ^ (K/B) = bridge. See p’ir I.
p’irali adj. multilateral: *Le tu car Komara
• •
Tirk pewist neditiye ku bi hezeke wisa
xurt u pirrali here ser wan serhildanan
(1:37, p.8) But the Turkish Republic never before
found it necessary to act against those uprisings
with such a strong and multilateral force »Wek ji
nave wi ji te fern kirin ew §er pirrali ye
(1:37, p.8) As its name implies [lit. 'as is
understood from its name'], this war is multilateral.
{also: pirrali (Wit)} [(neol)Wlt]
p’irani f. (-ya; ). majority, most: *Ji ber ku
■ «
piraniya gele Ke§mire misilman e, dewleta
Pakistani pi§tevaniya §ervanen Ke§mire
dike (AW77A5) Because the majority of the
Kashmiri people are Muslims, the Pakistani
government supports the Kashmiri fighters
•Pirraniya nllneran ew teror§, ku li diji
gel§ Kurd ji aliye dewleten wek Tirkiye u
Iraqe ve t§ ajotin, dieyibinin (protesto
dikin) (Wit 1:3 7, p.16) Most of the representatives
protest this terror which is being carried out against
the Kurdish people by such states as Turkey and
Iraq, {also: pirayi (A); p’irayi (K-2/B); pirrani (Wit)}
{syn: gelemperi; zorbe} [Wlt//F/K/IFb/GF/TF//A/B]
cbet’ir; p’ir II>
pirasi (Bw) = rib(s). See p’ars'd.
• •
pirayi (A)/p’irayi (K/B) = majority. See
•• • ■
p’irani.
pirg’ ^/p’irg [B]/p’irg’ [B] f./m.(Bw-2) (-a/-§;
-e/1. 1) {syn: t’uk 1} hair, fur (of animals) ; body
hair {neg. connotation: may denote pubic hair
456
p
(Krg) ); hair of the body from the neck down, as
opposed to p’oT = hair on the head (Haz) :
•pirg’a pilS min (Krg) my armpit hair; -
p’irg[’]a xinzir (B) bristle; 2) {syn: p’or I) hair on
the head, as opposed to tHk (B§k)/md (Bw) = hair
on the head (HH/B§k/Bw): *Pirga min diwerit
(B§k) My hair [=on my head] is falling out. {also:
[pyrtch] gjj (JJ); <pirg>^ (HH))
[Krg/Haz/B§k/K/A/JB3/IFb/JI/HH/GF//B] <mu;
p’or III; tuk I>
pirgemek Ja^a^j (SW) = bat (zool.). See pirgemek.
pirgiqin (M) = to be crushed. See pergiqin.
pirgu (EH) = frown. See pirg’u.
pirg’ti j^-^/p’irgil [XF ] m. (-ye; ). gloomy or
sullen look; frown, scowl: -pirg’uye xwe kirin
(K/B/F/XF) to make a sour face, to grimace, frown,
scowl, {also: pirgu (EH-2); purg’u (EH-2)( {syn; avir}
[EH/F/K/B/XF] <me’de>
pirgyan (-pirgye-) (OK/M) = to snap, break. See
pigan.
pire (Ag) = bridge. See p’ir I.
pirez f. (-a; ). stubble in a field after harvesting :
• Pirezen te ne paqij in (Qzl) You have a dark
past [lit. 'your stubbles are not clean'] [expression],
{also: fireze (IFb); perez (AA/OK); pireze (Qzl):
<firez j^^i/fireze o^j^i/perez (Hej)] Sor perez
[Zeb//OK/AA//Qzl//IFb]
pireze (Qzl) = field stubble. See pirez.
piri ^ (F) = gums; palate. See pidi.
piris ^ (GF) = spark. See pirisk.
pirisk f ( ;-e). spark(s): *Ew mile Usiv
digire sileke usa le dixe, weki ji g’ave wi
pirisk dipekin (Ba3-3. #25) He grabs Joseph’s
arm and slaps him so hard that sparks flv out his
eyes, [also: pilisk (GF-2); piris (GF-2); [pyrizk]
(JJ)1 {syn: bap’e§k; g’irusk; pe§k 1II[1]; p’et)
[Ba3/F/K/A/IFb/B/GF//JJ] <birusk>
pirot oJLp (IFb) = potter. See p’irild.
pirpir^jj (Ad) = purslane. See p’Srpine.
p’ifp’ifik (K) = butterfly, moth. See p’irp’irok.
p’irp’ifk (B/F) = butterfly, moth. See p’irp’irok.
p’irp’irok f. (-a;-e). butterfly, moth. I also:
pinpini (HD/RZ); pinpinik (GF/RZ-2/RF); perperok
(IFb); p’irp’irik (K); p’ir'p’irk (B/F); [pilpiluk
JUUL/perpu§ik JLi^j] (JJ-Lx); <perperok>
^jl^j(HH)) {syn: belantik; firfirokj Cf. Sor pepule
aJ= 'butterfly' & perwane a^aj = ’moth;
revolving fan; propeller'; Za filfilik £ (Mai); also
Heb parpar ISIS [Msr//IFb/HH//K//B/F//JJ//
HD/RZ//GF/RF]
p’irpitin vi. (-pirpit-). to flap about, thrash
about, flutter about, struggle as in the throes of
death [T debelenmek, girpinmak]: • Pi§ti ko bi
qaseki di ve germ! u ve nermiya xwe de li
erde pirpitiye... (Tof, 12) After he thrashed
about for a while on the ground in this warmth and
comfort, {also: perpitin (IFb); [perpytin] (JJ);
<perpitin (diperpite) (a^j)> (HH)1
[Tof/K//IFb/JJ/HH] <gevizin>
pirrali C J\^ (Wit) = multilateral. See p’ifali.
• •
pirrani ^ (Wit) = majority. See p’irani.
pirs £ (-a;-e). 1) [syn: sual; ^bersiv I; ^cab}
question: -pirs danin/dayin (B) to put forth a
question (for discussion) : •Hatine diwana mir
Sevdin, pirsa merivatiye danin, seva Zina
delal bixazin Q’ekanfa (Z-l) They came to
prince Sevdin's court, put forth a question of
?manliness, to request darling Zin for Chekan [in
marriage]; -pirs kirin (K/A/JB3/B/Msr/SK/TF) to
ask | also: pirsin): »Xwede ez §andime bal te,
ku ez caba pirsed te bidim (Dz) God has sent
me to you to answer your questions; 2) {svn: beje;
gill (1]; lavz; peyiv; xeber; zar I[ word; 3) {syn;
mesele) issue, matter, question, affair, problem
(VoA); 4) {syn: §erd (L)j task (B). {also: [pyrs]
(JJ); <pirs> (HH)} Cf. P porses Sor pirs
- 'question'; Za pers kena = 'to ask' (Todd)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <pirsin;
pirsyar>
pirsgirek f- (" a » )• problem, issue: *H§viya
me ya heri mezin ew e ku em bikaribin
pirsgireka Kurdan binin nav dezgah tl
sazgeh§n navneteweyi (Wit 1:37, p. 16) Our
greatest hope is that we will be able to bring the
Kurdish problem to international organizations and
associations. [(neol)Wlt/IFb/TF]
pirsiyar (A/IF/GF/OK) = interrogation; question.
See pirsyar.
pirsiyari ^ (JB3) = interrogation; question. See
pirsyar.
pirsin/p’irsin vt. (-pirs-). [+ ji] to ask (s.o.):
•Kal@ je dipirse, div§ ... (Dz) The old man
asks him, saying ... [lit. 'he says ...’] •Min ji
Tactn li te pirsi (BX) I asked Tajin about you.
457
p
{also: pirs kirin (K/A/JB3/B-2/Msr/TF); pi[r]syar
kirin (Zx); [pyrsin] (JJ); <pirsin { j^^ (dipirs!)
C^,)> (HH)} [Pok. perk-/prek-/prk- 821.] ’to
ask, entreat’: Skt pras- & with inchoative pres.
[prk-ske-] prach- prcchati = 'he asks'; Av fras- &
with inchoative pres, [prk-ske-] parasaiti; O P fra8-
& with inchoative pres . [prk-ske-] parsa-; Mid P
pursidan (purs-) (M3); P porsldan Sor pirsin
Za pers kena = 'to ask’ (Todd); Hau persay
(pers-) vt. (M4); cf. also Arm harc c nel <;uipg , i,fcL',
Lat precor, -ari & with inchoative pres . posco, -ere;
Germ fragen; Rus prosit’ npocHTB
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK]
pirsyar f. ( ;-e). question : -pirsyar kirin =
a) to interrogate, question (B); b) to ask, enquire
(Zx). {also: pirsiyar (A/IF/GF/OK); pirsiyari (JB3);
pisyar (Bw/SK); [pyrsiar] jL^,(JJ)] {syn: pirs] Cf.
Sor pirsyar [F/K/B/jj//A/lFb/GF/OK//JB3//Bw]
pirtal Jb_^ (IF/HH/Zeb) = goods, merchandise. See
pertal.
p’irte-p’irt [K]/p’irtep’irt [B/OK] /. ( ;-e).
fast beating of the heart (out of excitement, fear,
etc.): •Bil p’irtep’irta dile min (Ba2:2, p.207)
My heart started beating fast »Dile min dike
p’irtep’irt (B) My heart is beating.
[Ba2/K/B/GF/OK] <dil>
p’irteqal f. (-a; ). 1) orange (fruit), sweet
orange, hot. Citrus sinensis: -p’irteqala navik
sor (AA) blood orange; 2) orange color, {also:
porteqal (IFb-2/Kmc-2/RZ/CB); p’ortoxal (K);
[portoghal] JUj (JJ)) <Portugal, source of oranges
in the Mediterranean region: cf. Ar burtuqal
JU 'J ^/burtuqan jlsP porteqal JUb^j = ’(sweet)
orange’; T portakal; Gr portokali iropToicaAi; Sor
Y
pirteqal Za pirtiqali f (Mai)
[AA/K(s)/A/IFb/OK//Kmc-2/RZ/CB//K/JJ] <lalengi;
narino
p’irtik Jb^ f.(K/B)/m.(EP-7) (-a/-e;-e/ ). particle,
little piece: •Erne p’irtke teyi mezin guhe te
bShelin [sic] (EP-7) We will cut you into pieces
[lit. 'We will leave your ear the biggest piece of
you']. ( also: [pyrti pyrtik] db^> (JJ)} Cf. Arm
p c ert l ijifcpp*= 'morsel' [EP-7/K/B//JJ] <pigek>
p’irtir ^ = more. See under p’ir II.
p’irtok Jy = book. See p’irtftk.
p’irt-p’al Jb = clothes; wares. See pertal: pirt u
pertal.
p’irthk f. (-a;-§). book, publication: •Altiok
niha ji li ser Cewlige pirttikek§ amade
dike (AW78A4) Altiok is now writing a book on
Bingol [£ewlig] # We heta niha gelek pirtuk
nivisine an ji wergerandine (AW69A3) Up till
now you have written or translated many books.
( also: p’ertok; p’ertuk (K[s]/GF); p’irtok] { syn:
k’iteb; nivisk) Sor pertok djpjAj; Za pirtok m.
(Todd) [K(s)/GF//A/IFb]
p’irud m.&f. ( /-a; ). potter: *Diya qiza -
p’irhda diza, diz ge kirin, xelqe birin (Z-
1004) The mother of girls [is] a fashioner of clay
pots, [after] she made the pots, others took them
away [prv.]. {also: pirot (IFb); pirot (IFb-2/AD); prot
(GF); <pirot> (HH)} j syn: qewaf) < W Arm
prut/E Arm brud ppm»> [Rwn/Z//IFb/HH//GF//AD]
pirzik aJj^j (IF/A/HH)/p’irzik (K) = pimple; boil. See
pizik.
pisdan (GF) = placenta. See p’izdan.
p’isep’is ^^*0 f, ( ;-e). whisper: -p’isep’is kirin
(B) to whisper {also: pispis kirin (IF); pispisan kirin
(A); p’isp’isandin): *Bek’o ... guhe mirda kire
p’iste-p’ist (FK-eb-1) Beko whispered in the mir’s
ear. {also: pispis (IFb); p’iste-p’ist (K); [pysapys]
(JJ); <pispis> ^ (HH)} {syn; kurt u pist}
[B/JJ//IF/HH//K]
pisik utLo (Ad/Rh) = cat. See p’isik.
pising (JB3) = cat. See p’isik.
p’isik f. ( ;-e). cat; kitty-cat {in the north this is
the normal word for cat; in the south it is baby
talk: adults use k’itik II] (Bw) [p’i§ik]: *Mi§kek u
gelikSn xwe li derve digeriyan. Bi carek§
de gave we li pisikeke ket (LM, p.28) A
mouse and her babies were outside roaming
around. Suddenly she noticed a cat. {also: pisik
(Ad/Rh); pising (JB3); pising (Krg/IFb-2); pissik
(GF); p’i§ik (K/F/Bw); p§ik (Ag); [pisik d~->/pichik
dLio] (JJ); <pissik dL~o/pi§ik (HH)} {syn;
k’itik II} P pusek/posek (dialect of Transoxania:
Horn #322); Sor pi§ile aI^>; Za psing m. & psingi
f. (Todd); Hau pi§ile f (M4); cf. Ar biss T pisi;
Az T pisik; Eng puss [Ad/Rh//GF//JB3//AB/A/IFb/
Haz/JJ//Krg//K/F/B/HH//Ag] <piling; §er I; we§eq>
pising (Krg/IFb) = cat. See p’isik.
pismam r L^ m. ( ; pizmem [B]). cousin, male first
1 w
cousin, relative [cf. Ar ibn al-‘amm q>)]: »Ma
em §i’e Keqq nine teberiyS ji wane
458
bikeyn? Qonko wan be-bexti digel
pismami p§xember kirin [sic] (SK 60:706)
Don't we Shias have a right to oppose them?
Because they acted dishonorably with the first
cousin of the Prophet [=with Ali] *Yeke di ji
pismamet wan heye, Yosuf Beg kure
Muslefa Beg, li Badilyan, ew ji cesor e (SK
51:558) There is another, a cousin of theirs, Yusuf
Beg son of Mustafa Beg, in Badilyan. He too is
brave. {also: pasimam (EP-8); pizmam (F/B);
[pesmam] (JJ); <pismam> pL~o (HH)) { syn:
kurap; kurmam; lawe ap} < pis- = 'boy, son' +
mam = 'father’s brother 1 : pis-: [Pok. pou- 842.]
'few, little' --> proto IE *putlo- (Oscan-Umbrian &
Iranian) --> proto Indlr *putra-: Skt putra-m. =
'son'; Av puOra- = 'son 1 ; O P puga- = son'; Mid P
pus = 'son' (M3); Parthian puhr = son’; P pesar^-*o
= 'son' (with - ar by analogy with doxtar, madar,
pedar); = Sor amoza =’consin' jpismameti;
pismam[t]i; pizmam[t]i} [K/A/JB3/IFb/SK/GF//
F/B//JJ//EP-8] <binam (Bw); dotmam; mam>
pismameti (A/IFb) = consinhood (on paternal
• •
side) . See pismamti.
pismami (K) = cousinhood (on paternal side ).
See pismamti.
pismamti /. ( ;-ye). cousinhood, being
related on one’s father's side, {also: pismameti
(A/IFb); pismami (K-2); pizmani[t]i (B))
[K//A/IF//B] <pismam>
pismir in. (). son of an emir; prince: *Her du
zarokan pismir u xulamkole ji yek guhani
§ir dimetin (Rnh 3:23, p.5) Both infants, the
emir’s son and the servant’s child, sucked milk
from the same breast [lit. 'nipple']. [Rnh/OK]
cjinmir; mir>
pispis (IFb/HH) = whisper. See p’isep’is.
p’isp’isandin vt. (-p’isp’isin-). to
whisper; to gossip, {also: <pispisandin>
(HH)) (syn; p’isep’is kirin; p’ist’in (K)) [JB3/IFb/HH]
<p’isep’is>
pispisan kirin (A) - to whisper. See
p’isep’is: -p’isep’is kirin.
pispisok I /. Q. firefly, lightning bug. {also:
<bisbisok> (HH)) [HB/Xrz//HH]
p’isp’isok II m. ()• whisperer, one who
whispers. [A/IFb/Wn] <p’isep’is>
pispor m. (-e; ), 1) young man who knows a
lot about animal husbandry and herding (K/B/JJ);
child old enough to help about the house or with
the flocks (M): »Ape mini Memo ji §ivan bu.
Ew nava §ivaned ela Hesiniya da dihate
Kesabkirine gewa §ivaneki ba§i p’ispor [sic]
(Ba2:l,p.204) My uncle Memo was also a
shepherd. Among the shepherds of the Hesini tribe
he was considered an experienced shepherd; 2)
expert, specialist: *Ew ... pispore zimanen
Rojhilata Navin e (Wit 1:35, p.7) He ... is a
specialist on Middle Eastern languages, {also: bispor
(M); [pyspor] (JJ)) <0 Ir *wisa(h)-pu8ra- =
'house boy' [Fr fils de maison] (A&L p. 86 [VI,
4a] + 91 [XIII, 5] + 94-95 [XVIII, 1] + note 28 [p.
102]): Sor pispor = 'expert'. See: W. B.
Henning. “The Survival of an Ancient Term,” in:
Indo-Iranica : Melanges presentes a G.
Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden, 1964), pp. 95-97; D. N.
MacKenzie. KDS-IJ [~ M, vol. 2], pp. 376-77, note
759. [Wlt/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//M]
pissik (GF) = cat. See p’isik.
p’iste f. (). pistachio, bot. Pistacia vera. {also :'
p’istik (K); pi§te (A/IFb); piste (CB)J {syn: fistiq) Mid
P pistag (M3); P peste [Kmc-2/K(s)/GF//CB//
K//A/IFb]
p’iste-p’ist (K) = whisper. See p’isep’is.
pisteq (HH/CB) = low-quality raisins. See
bistaq.
p’istik JL-j (K) = pistachio. See p’iste.
p’ist’in vi. (-p’ist’-). 1) {syn: p’isep’is kirin;
p’isp’isandin) to whisper (B); 2) {syn: p’isep’is)
[f. ( ;-§)] whisper (B). [K/B] <p’isep’is>
pisto [Bw]/pisto [Zeb]/pisti (L5 k^.Ph] f.
(-ya; ). collar. { also: pi§tstu (GF)) {syn: berstu;
girivan; p’esir [2]; yax) <pi$t + stu
[Bw/Zeb/Dh//GF]
pisyar jLo (Bw/SK) = question. See pirsyar.
pif I jio f. (-a; ). term for various internal organs: 1)
{syn: cegera spi; kezeba sipi; melak[a sor]; sih I)
lung (Cf. T akciger): -pi§a sp! (IFb/GF) do.; 2)
(syn; ceger[a re$]/cerg; kezeb[a re§]; melakj liver
[Cf. T karaciger]: -pi§a re§ (JB3) do. {also: pi§e
(GF/FJ-2); p’i§ik (K/FJ-2); pu§ II (JB3)J; 3) spleen
(Hk). [IFb/GF/AA//K/HH/FJ] chinav; p’i§ik>
pi§ II Jio (B) = behind. See pi§t II.
459
p
pi§aftin vt. (-pi§ef-/-pi§ev-). 1) { syn:
biho§tin; helandin) to melt (together); to dilute,
dissolve, thin; 2) to mix something dry and hard
with water (e.g., ke§k), and turn it into dough or
liquid (Zeb); 3) to assimilate: -di niva xwe de
pi§avtin (IFb) to assimilate, melt together; 4) { syn:
asimilasyon) [f. ( ;-§).] assimilation: *Dewleta
Tirk, tevi hemti. tekgunen politikayen xwe
y@n pi§aftine (asimilasyone) dev ji van
kirinen xwe bernade (Wit 1:35, p.5) The
Turkish state, in spite of all its political failures at
assimilation, will not give up those activities, {also:
bi§aftin (Zeb); bi§avtin (K/IFb-2/TF/OK-2); pi§avtin
(IFb-2); [bechawtin] (JJ)J
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/OK//K/JJ/TF//Zeb]
pi§avtin (IFb) = to melt, dissolve; to assimilate.
See pi§aftin.
pi§dawi (Rnh/OK) = the hereafter. See
pi§tdawi.
pi§e (GF/FJ) = lung. See pi§ I.
p’i§ik cibo (K/HH/FJ/Hk) = lung; spleen. See pi§ I.
pi§ikdar (Dh/Hk/Zeb) = participant. See
pi§kdar.
pi§ikin (Qm§/Wn) = to sneeze. See pekijin.
p’i§iruk (K) = cooked groats. See pi§rung.
p’i§ik (K/F/Bw) = cat. See p’isik.
pi§k cibo /. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: behr I; be§ I[2]; p’ar II;
p’ayi share, lot, portion: •^unku cenabe mir
zateki mezin e, ez u riwi xulam in, dibit
pi§ka zate wi zedetir bit (SK 7:71) ... We ye,
emma disa lazim e, gi kem gi zor, pi§kek
ji bo xulami bete danan (SK 7:73) Since bis
excellency the chief is a great person, while the fox
and I are servants, his personal portion must be
greater...That is so, but it is still necessary that
some portion, whether small or great, be put aside
for the servant *§ex Sileman digel se gar
derwe§an miqdareki kulli ji cewahir u ji
zer bo xo helgirtin, gotine derwe§[e]t di,
"Hung ji pi§ka xo helgirin, hergi ku em
ne§§yn helgirin, bibeyn, li cieki dur gal
keyn" (SK 38:341) Shaikh Sulaiman and three or
four dervishes took a goodly amount of the jewels
and gold for themselves and said to the other
' dervishes, "You too take your share and whatever
we cannot take away, let us take it and bury it in
some distant place"; 2) {syn: be§ I) part; section:
-pi§ka bitir/pitir (SK) greater part, majority:
• Hetta em bi karwane keran digine
Ormiye yan Musile u teynewe, pi§ka pitir
ji keret me di bin bar! da seket dibin (SK
11:176) By the time we go to Urmiya and Mosul
with a donkey caravan and return, the greater part
of our donkeys die under the loads «Kes§
§estsali, ridina wi kem-keme re§ dibit,
pi§ka bitir spi dibit. Ewe bo gi ridina te
niwe-niwe ye? (SK 23:214) A person sixty years
old usually has a mainly white beard with only a
little black. Why then is your beard half-and-half?;
3) piece: «Te§ta wan sewar bit, seniyan teji
biken, sere wan qubbei biken, picket
qeliya go§te kuran bi Texet seware wenen
(SK 24:222) Let their morning meal be of crushed
wheat. Fill the trays, pile them up like a dome and
put the pieces of fried kid-meat round the boiled
wheat. | also: [pychk] JLaj (JJ)) Cf. P pesk Jbo =
’casting lots' [A/IFb/SK/GF/TF] See pe§k II.
pi§kdar m. (). 1) {syn: be§dar) shareholder; 2)
{syn: be§dar) participant; 3) [adj.] {syn: be§dar)
participating, taking part, [also: pi§ikdar
(Dh/Hk/Zeb)) [Dh/Hk/Zeb//GF/TF]
pi§kin q-S1l> (IFb/GF/Slm) = to sneeze. See pekijin.
pi§koj (K) = button. See bi§koj.
pi§kok (Msr) = button. See bi§koj.
pi§kul f. ( ;-§). goat manure (in the shape of
little balls) (Msr/Mzg); sheep or camel dung
(K/A/JJ); sheep, goat, camel, or rabbit dung (B):
-bi§kul kirin (B) to defecate (of sheep, goats,
camels, or rabbits) . ) also: bi§kul; pi§qil (IFb-2);
pi§qul (IF-2/Mzg); [pychkoul] (JJ); <pi§kul>
JLSaaj (HH)) Cf. P piskil JSjio = ’orbicular dung of
sheep'; Sor pi§kil Jsij/pi§qil Za pi§kul f -
’goat droppings' (Todd); Hau pi§qeh /. = 'sheep
dung’ (M4) [A/IFb/JJ/GF//K/B/F/Msr/ /Mzg]
<k’erme; peyin; qelax; sergin; tepik> See also
bi§kul.
pi§kyan jLAljo (Qzl) = to sneeze. See pekijin.
pi§pi§i adj. puffy, tired (eyes) : •G , av£ min
pi§pi§i ne (Msr) My eyes are puffy/tired. [Msr]
pi§qil JjlSj (IF) = sheep or goat manure. See bi§kul &
pi§kul.
pi§qul JsJLSu (IF) = sheep or goat manure. See bi§kul
& pi§kul.
460
p
pi§ruk (A/IFb/JJ)/p’i§ruk (B) = cooked
groats. See pi§rdng.
pigrdng £ (-a;-e). dish of cooked grain or
groats, {also: p’i§iruk (K); pi§ruk (A/IFb)/p’i§ruk
(B); pi§urig (IFb-2); [pychrouk] (}}); <pi§run>
(jaj-Sj (HH)) Cf. Arm p'srel = 'to chop
finely, mince' & p’sowr = 'crumb'
[Qrj//HH//A/IFb/B/JJ//K] <girar>
pi§t I f.(K/JB3)/m.(BX) (-a/ ;-e/ ). 1) back
(anat.) : *Bave xwe li pi§ta xwe kir (L) He put
his father on his back [to carry him across a stream]
•Kegelok pi§ta stue xwe xorand u hat (L)
Kechelok scratched the back of his head [lit. 'neck']
[in bewilderment] and came *Pi§ta xwe da wan
ft gd (FK-eb-1) He turned his back on them [lit. 'he
gave them his back’] and went: 2) top, roof (of
building) : *ser pi§ta qesre (L) on the roof of
[=on top of] the castle; 3) support, backing: •Pi§ta
min pe germ bu, le wi soza xwe xwar (Qzl)
I trusted him, but he disappointed me *Pi§ta wi
heye (Qzl) He has support[ers]: 4) sperm:
descendants: *Pi§ta wi hat (Qzl) He ejaculated,
he 'came', {also: [pycht] (}}); <pi§t> (HH)]
cf. Skt pr-sti- £ - 'rib' --> [Pok. D. -st-o- 1005-
6.] <[Pok. sta-:sta- 1004.ff.] 'to stand, to put': Skt pr-
stha- n. = 'back'; OIr *prsti- (A&L p. 82 [I. l]/Ras,
p.134): Av parsti-; Mid P pust = 'back, support,
protection' (M3); P post c~£u.; Sor pi§t o 2 p; Za
pa§t[i] £ = back (Mai); Hau pe§t = 'back' in pe§t be =
’away from’ (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-
A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK]
pi§t II prep, behind, after (place & time) :
1) used in conjunction with postpositions:
-di pi§t ... de = behind (without motion) : *Gunde
me di pi§t giy§ de ye (BX) Our village is
behind the mountain;
-di pi§t ... re = behind, after (time or motion) : *Ez
di pi§t te re derbas bdm (BX) I passed
behind you «di pi§t re = afterward [syn: hinge;
pa§e; §unda, etc.);
-di pi§t ... ve = afterward [syn: hinge; pa§e; §unda,
etc.): «Ez§, di pi§t xwe ve, jin d zarok
bihelim (BX) I'll leave behind a wife and
children;
2) used in conjunction with prepositions:
-ji pi§t = from behind;
-li pi§t = behind (with motion) . [also: pi§ II (B);
[pycht /pisct] (JJ)} [BX/K/A/JB3/JJ/GF] See
also pi§ti II.
pi§tdawi £ [ ;-ye). the hereafter, the next
• •
world: •Her roj pi§ti nimeja evare, §§x
§ireten din! li miride>n xwe dikirin d
dijwariya roja pi§dawiye u agire dujehe
ji diexist bira wan (Rnh 2:17, p.340) Every
day after the evening prayer, the sheikh would
advise his disciples on religion and admonished
them about the difficulties of the hereafter and
the fire of hell, [also: pi§dawi (Rnh/OK)) [syn:
axret) [Rnh/OK//GF/TF]
pi§te (A/IFb) = pistachio. See p’iste.
pi§tevan j(AW) = defender; supporter. See
pi§tivan.
pi§tevani (AW) = protection; support. See
• •
pi§tivani.
pi§tgiri £ (-ya; ). supporting], backing:
•Qareya we ji birati ye, yekbdn e,
welatparezi ye, xebat e, pi§tgiriya §ore§£
ye, mirin u mayin e (Wit 1:35, p.4) The
solution for it is brotherhood, unity, patriotism,
struggling, supporting the revolution, dying and
remaining alive; -pi§tgiriya fk-i kirin (RN2) to
support: »A. Soljenitsin pi§tgiriya gele Kurd
dike (RN2, 51 [1998], p.28) A. Solzhenitsyn
supports the Kurdish people, {syn: aligiri; meldarij
[(neol)Wlt/IFb]
pi§ti I in.(Qzl)/£(B) ( /-ya; /-ye), load, burden;
package, bundle: package carried (by a porter) on
the back (HH/JJ): *Roje pi§to dar tinim
difro§im (Z-922) In the daytime I take a load of
wood [and] sell [it], {also: pi§to (Z-922/GF-2);
[pychti] (JJ); <pi§ti> (HH)} Mid P pu§tag
= 'load (carried on the back)' (M3)
[Z-022//K/A/II*l)/l3/JJ/l II l/SK/GF/TF/OK/Qzl] <bar I; pi§t I>
pi§ti II prep. 1) [syn: pa§ I) behind, after (place &
time) : -pi§ti nivro (BX) (in the) afternoon; -pi§ti
ko + subj. = after + -ing; 2) instead of, rather than
(Z-2): «Te pi§ti stiya Zin gd xast qiza
Bek 5 o@ (Z-2) You have requested the daughter of
Beko rather than Lady Zin. [IFb/B] See also pi§t
II.
pi§tivan m. (). 1) defender, protector: v..ew
pi§tiwaned fi'ukumet u dewleta mire Cizira
Botan bdn (K-d§) They were the protectors of the
461
p_
government of the prince of Jezira Bohtan; 2)
patron; 3) supporter (IF/SK): »Le tro ji ni§ka ve
wekt pi§tevanen demokratikbune
derdikevin hole (AW70D2) But today they
suddenly appear on the scene as supporters of
democratization, {also: pi§tevan (AW); pi§tiwan (K-
d§/SK); pi§tovan (F); pi§tvan (IF); [pychtouvan]
(jl^^iuQJ)} Mid P pustlban = 'supporter, bodyguard’
(M3); P postban ^jL^o/postvan = prop,
buttress, support; bar of a door; helper, supporter';
Sor pi§tiwan = 'supporter; reserve (military)’
{pi§tivani; pi§tvanl) [K-d§/SK//K//F//JJ//IFb//AW]
pi§tivani f. (-ya;-ye). l) protection; 2)
patronage; 3) support: •Her wiha ew bale
diki§inin ser pi§tevaniya dewleten
Ewrupaye ji (AW71A3) Likewise they draw
attention to the support of the European states as
well »Ji ber ku piraniya gele Ke§mire
misilman e, dewleta Pakistani pi§tevaniya
§ervanen Ke§mire dike (AW77A5) Because the
majority of the Kashmiri people are Muslims, the
Pakistani government supports the Kashmiri
fighters, {also: pi§tevani (AW); pi§tvani (IF)}
[K//IFb//AW] <pi§tivan>
pi§tiwan io (K-d§/SK) = protector; supporter. See
pi§tivan.
pi§tkul adj. hunched over, suffering from a
bad back: »Hespeki jar, t’opal, pi§tkul hat
(J) A thin, lame, hunched-over horse came. < pi§t =
’back 1 + kul- = 'pain' / kulin = ‘to limp' [J]
pi§tkuz (F) = hunchbacked. See kuz I.
pi§tmer m. (). 1) protector, defender;
henchman; bodyguard (A/IF/BK); 2) retinue, suite.
{also: <pi§tmer> (HH)) < pi§t = ’back’ + mer =
’man'; cf. T arka 'back, backer, supporter'
[BX/BK/K/A/IFb/HH/GF]
pi§toy^L> (Z-922/GF) = load, burden. See pi§ti I.
pi§tovan (F) = protector; supporter. See
pi§tivan.
pi§tpez adj . pattern of berguz material :
brown monochrome (ekreng). [Bw] <berguz>
pi§trast c—1 adj . sure, assured: -pi§trast bftn
(Aid) to be sure, be assured; -pi§trast kirin
(VOA) to verify, ensure: *Karbidestet Elmani
dibSjin, ew ne§iyan peyamet ku dibejin
du hevwelatet Elmani hatibune revandin li
ba§fira rojhelata Turkiye pi§trast ken
(VOA) German officials say they have not been
able to verify reports that two German citizens
were abducted in southeastern Turkey
•Neteweyet fikgirti dS zSrevaniya firotina
nefta ’Iraqe li derve u berhemet van
firotina ket, da pi§trast bSte kirin ku ew
bo kel u pelet mirovani ... bete xerc kirin
(VOA) The United Nations will oversee the sale of
Iraqi oil abroad and the results of these sales, in
order to ensure that they be spent on humanitarian
supplies. |syn: biste [2]; misoger I)
[Bw/VOA/A/GF/OK/RZ/AId]
pi§tstu^j^-iu (GF) = collar. See pisto.
pi§tvan (IFb) = protector; supporter. See
pi§tivan.
pi§tvani (IFb) = protection; support. See
pi§tivani.
pi§urig (IFb) = cooked groats. See parting,
pitepit [Ardu/Frq/B]/pite-pit [LC/K/IFb] co.-o. f.
(-a;-e). blabber, chatter, prattle, idle talk: •Behna
kurik ji ve pitepita diya wi teng dibe it
derdikeve der (Ardu, p.117) The boy,* non¬
plussed by his mother's outburst, walks out. | also:
pitpit (GF/TF/AD); <pitapit> LjIL u(HH)) (syn:
galegurt; galigal) [LC/K/IFb/Ardu/Frq/B//
GF/TF/AD//HH]
pits f.jvoc.). woman, girl: affectionate term for
one's wife ; term by which Kurdish men call their
wives instead of using their names (HH) {also: [plte]
(JJ); <pit§> (HH)} [syn: }
[Kg/K/A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ]
pitir/p’itir [K] /pit’ir [JBl-A] adj. more, greater
in number: »Ewane ji me pitir in (SK 40:374)
They are more than us; -ji hem! caran pitir (SK)
more than ever. | also: [pytir] (JJ)} {syn: betir)
?<p’ir + -tir: Sor pitir
[Bw/Zeb/Dh/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK//K//JBl-A]
pitpit (GF/TF/AD) = prattle, chatter. See pitepit.
pixeri (IFb) = fireplace; chimney. See pixSrik.
pixerig (IFb) = fireplace; chimney. Seepixerik.
pixSrtk f (). 1) fireplace, hearth (Wn/Bt/K/JJ);
2) chimney (K/A/IF/JB3) [pixerig]; Flue, channel in
a chimney for conveying smoke outside (K); 3)
kitchen (IFb) [pixeri], | also: bexeri; bexir»e (;*e)
(K/B); bixeri (A/JB3); pexrik (Wn); pixeri (IFb);
pixerig (IFb); [boukhari] (JJ); <bixeri>
(HH)] |syn: k’ulek; rojin) < Ar buxar jUw = 'steam’;
462
p
Cf. W Arm puxerig pniNtp^g /puxarig
pnLNmph^ = ’smokehole in roof
[Bt//K/B//A/JB3/HH//Wn//IFb//JJ] <k’ulek; p’ace>
piyal JL> (GF) = tea glass. See peyale.
piyale aJU (Lab/IFb) = tea glass. See peyale.
piyan jlo (IFb/GF) = tea glass. See peyale.
pizan m. (Qzl/GF) = placenta. See p’izdan.
p’izdan /. ( ;-£). placenta, afterbirth,
secundines; placenta of cattle (B). {also: pisdan
(GF-2); pizan, m. (Qzl/GF-2); p’izdang (B-2);
<pizdan /pizan (HH)) [syn: hevalg’uk)
<*pus-dan <0 Ir *pu8ra-dana-(ka-) (A&L p. 82 [I.
1]): Mid P pusyan; Sor pisdan q) j^j/pizdan =
'placenta, womb' [K/IFb/B/HH/GF//Qzl] <firo;
welidin; zayin>
p’izdang (B) = placenta. See p’izdan.
pizik f. ( ;-e). 1) pimple; pustule; 2) boil, sore,
ulcer. 1 also: bizrik (IF-2); pirzik (IF-2/A); p’irzik
(K); pizrik (IF-2); zipik; [pizik] Jjj (JJ); <pirzik>
(HH)) [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//HH] See also
zipik. <k’em II; nem>
p’izinin (K/B) = to wear out (cloth). See pizirin.
pizirin vi. (-pizir-). to wear thin, wear out (of
cloth), {also: p’izinin (K/B)) [Qrj//K/B] <pigan>
pizi I /. (-ya;-ye). tunnel or seam for the
drawstring at the waistline of a pair of shalvar.
{syn: maldoxin) [Qzl/Kmc-#5647/IFb/GF]
pizi II ^ (K) = gums; palate. See pidi.
• «
pizmam (F/B) = cousin. See pismam.
pizmami (B) = cousinhood (on paternal side).
See pismamti.
pizmamti ^ (B) = cousinhood (on paternal side).
• •
See pismamti.
pizor (IF/HH) = bowels. See p’izur.
pizrik (IF) = pimple; boil. See pizik.
p’izfir pl.(K)/f.(B) ( ; /-e). bowels, entrails,
‘innards’, intestines; pluck (animalviscera) (K);
general name for the internal organs of animals
(IF/HH); small intestine (B): -‘hr ft pizur
(Msr)/Rftr ft p’izur (B) entrails, tripe, organs
situated in the abdominal cavity: • t 0r ft pizur,
para xezftr, ser ft pepik, para metik (Msr)
Intestines and undesirable parts [are] the father-in-
law’s portion, the head and trotters are the
maternal aunt’s portion (this is part of a folk poem
which indicates how the parts of a slaughtered goat
or sheep are divided among family members).
{also: pizor (IF); <pizor> j^JHH)) {syn: rodi; rovi
II; ftr) [Msr/K/B//IF/HH] crovi II; ur>
pi I ^ m . Q. shoulder blade, {syn: namil) [Kmc-
5/A/IFb/GF/OK] <mil; pil I>
p’lTI ^ adj. well-off, well-to-do, prosperous, rich.
[S&E/K]
pici (K) = finger. See beg’i II.
pig m. (-e; ). 1) illegitimate child, bastard: *K 5 i
zane bice k’eye? (EP-5, #6) Who knows who his
father is? [lit. whose bastard he is']; 2) mongrel,
hybrid, e.g ., a mule as the product of a horse and a
donkey ; 3) (fig.) clever, sly person; swindler (B); 4)
[adj.] worthless, ruined. See p’ftg’. { also:hic (K-
2/B/EP-5); biji (IF-2/GF-2); pine I (IFb-2); [pitch] ^
(JJ); <pig>^o (HH)) <T pig = 'bastard'; Sor bic
^o/big^/biju^ju, fpigi (A/IF))
[EP-5/B//K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
pigek Ja^. (JBl-A/Bw) = a little. See pigek.
pigi f. (). illegitimacy, bastardy. [A/IF] <pig>
• •
p*j i m. (). 1) {syn: qir§) splinter, sliver; 2) {syn:
cax) knitting needle; 3) hangnail; 4) awl (JJ); chisel;
5) [adj.] sharp (of knives) (K/IFb). {also: pijik II
(Qzl/IFb-2); pine II (Wn); [pij] (JJ))
[Ag/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF//Qzl//Wn]
pij II (K/B) = fork used in weaving. See pijik.
pij • Ik I m. (*ke; *ki). three-pronged fork used
in tamping down threads while weaving on a loom
[T kirkit/kerkit]. {also: pij II (K/B); [pijik] (JJ]}
[Bw/Zx/A/IFb/JJ//K/B] <bef§; hepik; t’evn>
pijik II Jj-u (Qzl/IFb) = splinter; knitting needle;
hangnail; awl. See pij I.
pikap (IFb) = pickup truck. See piqab.
pikem (Slv) = pickup truck. See piqab.
pill jLo m. (-e; ). arm (from shoulder to wrist) ;
shoulder; shoulder-blade (B). {also: [pil] (JJ)}
[Kg/Krg/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK] <g’epil; dest; mil; pi I>
p’ilat f (-a; ). 1) seal, stamp; 2) {syn: gustil;
mor II[l ]) signet ring: •K’anS pilata min (FK-eb-
2) Where is my signet ring? «Were erne mor-
p’ilate xwe bi hev biguherin (FK-eb-2) Come,
let's exchange signet rings. [FK-2/K]
pildar jIaIo m. (). fortune teller (originally, person in
possession of shoulder-blade bones): «[Lewrani
min bi xwe bi gaved xwe pa§ayek ji ehl§
Ormayi dit ku navS Seyfeddin Pa§a bft, ew
ji pildar bft ft pil digel hebft] (BN, p.77) For I
saw with my own eyes a pasha from the Turks,
463
p_
named Seyfeddin Pasha, and he was a fortune
teller, and had [shoulder-blade] bones with him.
{also: [pildar] jIa(JJ)} {syn: falgi; remildar} [BN/JJ]
<pil I>
pin I f. (-a; ). chicken coop: *Mala me pigfik
e, mina pina miri§kan e (DZK, les. 8) Our
house is small, like a chicken coop, [also: pin II
(IF)} [DZK/K/GF//IFb]
pin II (IFb) = kick. See p’efiin.
pine I^y. (IFb) = bastard. See pig.
pine II aj (Wn) = splinter; knitting needle; hangnail;
awl See pij I.
p’in # e m. (•§; ). 1) [syn: kerkon; kevnik [2];
p’ag’ II; p’ate II; perok) rag(s), tatters (F/K/B):
•Weki meriv t’§lek ji k’inc§ we bik’§anda,
Eezar p’ine we je bik’etana (EH) If one were
to pull a thread from her clothes, a thousand rags
[or, patches] would fall from her; 2) j syn: p’ate II}
patch: -p’ine kirin (Mzg) to patch, sew patches
on. [also: [pine] ^ (JJ); <pine> (HH)| Cf. P
pine ^ = ’patch'; Sor pine = ’patch’
[EH/F/K/A/IF/B/JJ/HH/Mzg]
p’inegi ni. (). 1) old clothes salesman,
ragseller (JJ/K); 2) cobbler (JJ/K); cobbler who
works on the street (B); 3) [fig.] someone who
mangles or botches up his job, a quack in his
profession (B). [also: [pinedji/plnacl (PS)] ^^ao
(JJ); <pinegi> L5 ^. (HH)} [K/B/HH//JJ] <p’ine>
pipik (IF) = pupil. See bibiq.
piqab yliLu ^ pickup truck: • Piqab zu
derketibu ser re u bi sureteke xurt ji wir
bi dhr ketibu. Ap§ kegike pilaka piqabe
nivisandibu u ji merik§ kal ye li ber
benzinxan§ pirsa we piqabe kiribu (KS,
p.12) The pickup truck quickly hit the road and at
a high speed distanced itself from there. The girl’s
uncle wrote down the truck’s license plate number
and inquired about the truck from the old man at
the gas station, [also: pikap (IFb); pikem (Slv);
piqap (TF)} < Eng pickup [KS//TF//IFb//Slv]
<trimbel>
piqap yla-j (TF) = pickup truck. See piqab.
pir adj. l) [syn: kal 1} old (of people & animals) :-
pir bhn = to grow old, age: *Ez pir bume = I’ve
grown old, I’ve aged »Ez§ dar@ cahil ji
bibirim, y§ pir ji (Dz) I will cut down both
young trees and old ones; 2) (syn: ixtiyar; kalik}
[mj old man; [f. ( ;-e)] old woman: •miri§ka
pire = the old woman’s chicken; -Lawe pir§ =
Son of the old woman [a character in Kurdish
folklore; see also Kegelok }; 3) [syn: jin} [f.] wife;
4) [syn: dapiro§k; pertevink; p’indepir; pirhevok;
pirik [4]; t’evnpirk [1]} [f] spider (B). [also: [pir]
(JJ); <pir> .j-o (HH)} <proto IE *pruos (Kent), cf.
[Pok. p e ra-uo- 815.] —> [Pok. 2. per 810.] ’to lead,
pass over’: Skt purva- = ’being before or in front'; 0
Ir *parvya- (M. Schwartz: this updates *prvya-
Hiibsch #286): Av paurva-; O P p(a)ruva- = ’being
before in time or place’ (Kent); Mid P pir = ’old,
aged, ancient' (M3); P pir; Sor pir^o; Za pir
(Todd); Hau pir (M4). See I. Gershevitch. “Iranian
Chronological Adverbs,” Indo-Iranica : Melanges
presentes a Georg Morgenstierne (Wiesbaden,
1964), pp.81-82; reprinted in his Philologia
Iranica , ed. N. Sims-Williams (Wiesbaden : Dr.
Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1985), pp. 182-83. (pirani;
pirayi; pireti; piri[ti]; [piraia] (JJ)}
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF] <bapir;
dapir; kevn>
pirabok (A/TF) = witch. See pirhevok.
pirani (K) = old age. See pirayi.
piravok (TF) = spider. See pirhevok.
pirayi (). old age, elderliness, [also: pirani
(K-2); pireti (A); piri (JB3); piriti (JB3-2); [piraia]
csU. (JJ)1 [K/JJ//A//JB3] <pir>
pirgemek f. ( ;-e). bat, zool. Cliiroptera :
•Le pirgemeke xwe rugikand dibfi
[=rugikandi bu]: ji we roje de §erm dike
ko bi ro derkeve, nav heval ti hogiran, ji
lew re bi §ev der te (SW) But the bat had
already plucked out its feathers: from that day on it
was ashamed to come out during the day, [to be
seen] among its friends, for this reason it comes out
at night *Wek p’ergemuk xwe pe§da
Tuqug’and (Dz) He took off [his feathers] first like
the bat [prv.]. [also: barg’imok (Wn); pargemk
(GF); p’ergemuk (Dz); pirgemek (SW); [bargemik]
(JJ)} [syn: gekgekile; gil II; duvmesas (IF);
§evrevink; §ev§evok} [IFb//SW//Dz//GF] See also
barg’imok.
pirebok (Lab/IFb) = witch. See pirhevok.
pir c ebotk (Qrj) = witch. See pirhevok.
pirejin f. (-a;-e). old woman: *Em Al-
p’a§a, pirejina wi M. delalva bih§lin
464
§ehere Muxurzemineda (Z-l) Let's leave A.p.,
his wife [lit. old lady’l and dandy M. in the city of
M. [Z-l/K/A/IF/B] <jin>
pirek (Erh) = old woman; spider. See pirik.
pireti (A) = old age. See pirayi.
■ ■
pirevok (Msr) = spider. See pirhevok.
pir'evuk (Ad) = spider. See pirhevok.
pirhebok (K) = spider. See pirhevok,
pirhevo (K/JJ) = spider. See pirhevok.
pirhevok /. (-a;-e). 1) { syn: dapiro$k;
pertevink; p’indepir; pir [4]; pirik [4]; t’evnpirk [1])
[also: piravok (TF); pirevok (Msr); pir’evuk (Ad);
pirhebok (K); pirhevo (K-2); pirhebok (B); [pir-
hewou](JJ); <pirhevuk> (HH)}
spider; 2) [also: pirabok (A/TF); pirebok (Lab/IFb-
2) ; piPebotk (Qrj); pirhebok (B)} witch: *Weke
cin h pirebokan li ve rew§a te dinerin (Lab,
51) They will look at you [lit. 'at your situation’] as
if you were a jinn or witch. =Sor calcaloke
Y Y
<v5jJLJU. & dapirogke j/dapiroke =
'spider'; Za plrike = 'spider' (JJ)
[Ad//J//K/IFb//B//HH//JJ//Msr//A/TF//Lab//Qrj]
See also pirik [4].
pirhebok (B) = spider; witch. See pirhevok.
pirik f. (-a;-e). 1) { syn : dapir) grandmother
(Msr/Tkm/Wn/Rh/K/A/lF/JJ/HH) <pirik>; old
woman (K): *Pirek digin beriye (AB) The old
women go to the sheepfold; 2) midwife
(A/JB3/IF/L/HH) [<pirik> (HH)]: -her pir[i]ka
k’etin (L) to be in childbed, to give birth
(originally 'to be under the care of old women /
midwives’): »Pireka wi kete ber pirka (L) His
wife gave birth [lit. 'fell before the mid wives'];
3) [also: pirek (Erh)) [svn: jin; zeg) wife; woman
[<pirek> (HH)]: *pireka wi = his wife; 4) [syn:
dapirogk; pertevink; p’indepir; pir [4]; pirhevok;
t’evnpirk [1]) spider (IF/JJ); 5) butterfly (IF), [also:
pirek (Erh); [pirik /pirik] (JJ); <pirek/pirik>
(HH)1 Cf. Za plrike = ’spider’ (JJ), pirik =
'grandfather' (JJ) [L/K/A/JB 3 /IF/JJ/HH/Tkm/Wn/
Msr/Bt/Rh] <bapir; kalik>
piri (SJ ^ (JB3) = old age. See pirayi.
pirit i (JB3) = old age. See pirayi.
pirot (IFb/AD) = potter. See p’irfld.
piroz adj. blessed; -piroz kirin (Ber/K) to bless;
to congratulate, wish well (on a festive occasion) :
•Bilk li zav§ piroz be (AB) May the bride be
blessed to the groom »Cejna we piroz be (AB)
Congratulations on your wedding [lit. 'May your
celebration be blessed'] *’Eyda te piroz be! (B)
Happy holiday! »Sersala we piroz be (AB)
Happy anniversary or birthday [lit. ’May your
anniversary be blessed’], [also: [pirouz] j 5J ^o (JJ);
<piroz>j 5 j^j (HH)) jsyn: bimbarek) Mid P peroz =
’victorious' (M3)’; P piroz = Victorious,
prosperous'; Sor piroz = ’blessed, fortunate,
victorious' [piroz!)
[AB/K/A/(JB3)/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//JJ]
piroze f. ( ). turquoise: *§ireki gelek kewn
hebu, kalwane wi ziw bu, destike wi zer
bu, qa§et elmas u piroze hatibilne t£girtin
(SK 26:234) There was a very ancient sword with a
silver scabbard, its hilt of gold inlaid with gems of
diamond and turquoise, [also: [pirouze] (JJ))
[syn: tebesi) Cf. P plruze o^o/firuze Ar
fayruz j^/flruzaj (<Mid P *perozag); Sor
piroze [SK/IFb/JJ]
pirozi f. (). congratulations, felicitations, {also:
[pirouzi] ^(JJ)) [K/A/JB3/JJ] <g’avronayi;
piroz>
p’irqin f. (-a;-e). giggle, chuckle; giggling,
chuckling: *Mina care dine dibe p’irqina we
(K2-Ferik) As other times [in the past], she giggled
• Stiya qiza Bek’o dige ba stiya Zine, /
Dik’ene u bi p’irqine (Z-2) The daughter of
Beko went to Lady Zin, / laughing and in giggles.
{ also: p’irqini (B-2)) [Z-2/K/B] <k’en>
p’irqini (B) = giggling, chuckling. See p’irqin.
• •
p’ts adj. 1) [svn: gepel; dijun II; gemari; mirdar;
qirej) dirty, impure, foul: *Zani bfi go hUn pis
in u hun emale sere wi ne (L) He knew that
you were [lit. 'are'] foul and that you brought [lit.
'bring’] him nothing but trouble; -p’is ft pelos
(Zeb) filthy; 2) dishonorable, [also: [pis] Lrr o > (JJ);
<pis> (HH)) Cf. T pis; Sor pis = ’dirty,
mean’ |p’isi[ti); p’isiyi)
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/B/HH/SK/GF]
p’isi ijr ~ T > f ( ;-yS). 1) dirt; 2) excrement; 3)
• •
uncleanliness (HH); 4) ugliness (JJ). [also: p’isiti
(JB3/IFb/GF-2); p’isiyi (A); [pisi] (JJ); <pisi>
^ (HH)I [B/IFb/JJ/HH//JB3/GF //A] <p’is>
p’isiti L5 ^ r j i (JB3/IFb/GF) = dirt[iness]. See p’isi.
p’isiyi (A) = dirt[iness]. See p’isi.
465
pist os-^o m. (-e; ). 1) { syn: g’erm) skin, hide, pelt
(K/IFb/TG2): *Gurg e gfiye di pist§ mihiy§
da (SK 50:521) He is a wolf in sheep's clothing
• Wer§eq-we§eq kuviyeke ku post§ we pirr
rind e (Wit 2:100, p. 13) The lynx is a wild animal
with a very nice pelt; 2) skin (of fruit) , peel, shell
(K); 3) sheepskin coat (K); 4) goatskin, leather
bottle, wineskin, water bottle (K/IF/JR/TG2):
• [Melayi dit ku gar pisted bigiik nine bi
ser ave ketiye tetin] (JR) The mullah espied
four goatskins [full] of butter floating on the water,
headed in their direction, {also: p’est II (K[s]/JR);
p’ost (F/K/IFb-2/GF-2/OK-2/Ba2/TG2); [pyst
Ow«j/c^o/p0St i ** * i (JJ)) Skt (Vedic) pavasta-; OP
pavasta- = '(clay) envelope of tablet'
(Kent/Benveniste); Wakhi pist = ’skin, shell';
Ormuri, Shughni post = 'tree bark'; Yidgha
pisto/pusto = ’tree bark’ & pisto = ’nutshell’: Mid P
post = 'skin, hide, bark, shell' (M3); P pust
’skin, shell'; Sor pest post ’skin’; Za
poste m. = 'skin, hide' (Mai); Hau pos m. (M4). See:
/
E. Benveniste. “Etudes sur le Vieux-Perse," Bulletin
de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris 47 (1951),
40-49. [JR/IFb/SK/GF/OK/Hk//F/K/Ba2/TG2//K(s)]
piste (CB) - pistachio. See p’iste.
pi§eger (IFb) = artisan. See pi§ek’ar.
pi§ek 5 ar m. (). 1) {syn: sen'etkar) artisan,
craftsman; 2) {syn: hunermend] artist; 3) servant,
valet, {also: pe§ek’ar; pi§eger (IFb-2); [plshkar]
(JJ)} Sor pi§eger = craftsman'
[Ber/K/JB3/IFb/GF//JJ]
pi§k JLs*a (Hej) = rice husk. See pH§k.
pit I o-o adj. healthy, strong, robust, fit, hale and
hearty [T ding]: »§e§ zaru anibun. Le h§ ji
mina bflkeki, rind ft bedew ft pit bil (MB-
Meyro) She had borne six children, but she was
still beautiful, winsome, and robust, like a bride.
[MB/IFb] <sax>
pit II owo (A) = letter (of alphabet). See tip.
pite (M-Ak) = attention. See pftte.
pivan jliLo vt. (-piv-). to measure: *Eze zered
xwe bipivim, gika z§re min giqasin (J) I will
measure my gold [pieces], to see how much my
gold is (=how much gold I have). { also: pivandin
(F/B-2/IFb); piwan (SK); [piwan] jlLo (JJ)} OIr *pati-
+*ma- (Tsb 42): Mid P paymudan (paymay-) (M3)
& paS-may-; P peymudan (-peyma-)
Sor pewan ^l^L/piwan (Arb); Za peymena
[peymiti§] (Todd); Hau pimay (pirn-) vt (M4);
*ma-: [Pok. me-/m-e-t- 703.] 'to measure': Skt ma-;
Av ma-; O P ma-
[M/J/K/A/JB3/JJ/GF//F/IFb/B//SK] <fesilandin>
pivandin qjjULj (F/B/IFb) = to measure. See pivan.
pivaz jliLo f. (-a;-e). onion, {also: piwaz (SK); pizav
(Kg/Mzg); [pivaz] jl^-o (JJ); <pivaz>jliLj (HH)} M.
Schwartz: <0 Ir *piyav[a]- (Bailey: Dictionary of
Kliotan Saka. Cambridge, 1979) (+ possible meta¬
thesis to *pivay-) + suffix -c: Khotanese pau-; Sgd
py’kh [pyakh]; Pamir dialects: Yazgulami piyeg;
Wakhi piuk; P piyaz jLj; Sor piyaz jlo/pewaz
Za pyaz (Todd)/piyanz (Mai) m. [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/
B/HH/GF//JJ//Kg/Mzg//SK] <kixs; sir>
pivazi ^jLLo adj. pink, rose-colored. <pivaz =
• ■
'onion', cf. NENA soyanl = 'pink' (<T sogan =
'onion') [Bw/JBl-A/GF/OK]
pivik diLj. (Xrs) = tulip. See pivok.
pivok f ( ;-e). a term for several types of
flower: 1) {syn: canemerg [2]} crocus (A/IFb/Haz);
2) tulip (Xrs) [pivik]; edible tuberous plant the size
of the hazelnut (IFb); 3) snowdrop, zool. Galanthus
nivalis (B) [pivonge: Rus podsnezhnik
no^cHescHHK ]; 4) white plant with roots like those
of the hazelnut (HH). {also: pivik (Xrs); pivong (GF-
2); pivonge (B); [pivok] (JJ); <pivok> .JjjLj
(HH)) {syn: } [Xrs//K/A/IFb/HH/GF/Haz//JJ//Bf
pivong (GF) = snowdrop, zool. Galanthus nivalis
type of flower) . See pivok.
pivonge (B) = snowdrop, zool. Galanthus nivalis
(type of flower) . See pivok.
piwan (SK) = to measure. See pivan.
piwaz (SK) = onion. See pivaz.
piyale (A) = tea glass. See peyale.
piyan jUo (TF) = tea glass. See peyale.
piz m. (-e; ). watercress, bot. Nasturtium
officinale, {also: puz (IFb)) {syn: kizmas; tftzik)
[Bw//IFb] <deinik; re§ad>
pizav (Kg/Mzg) - onion. See pivaz.
pog’ik JL>£j (Dz-#897) - tail. See bog’ik.
p’ojman jLjgj (K) = sorry. See p’o§man.
p’ojmani (K) = regret. See p’o§mani.
pol Jjj m. (). coin, {also: pul (IFb-2/SK); [poul] J**
(JJ); <pol> Jl^j (HH)) Sor pul = 'coin, money;
postage stamp' [A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ/SK] See also
polik I.
466
pola m.(B)/f(JB3) (). steel: -ji pola (B) made of
steel: *Sevt derge bav§ min hene ji polane
(Z-l) My father has 7 gates of steel, {also: polad;
polat (IFb-2/B-2); pula (SK);' [pola
^/pouladj^jj/pila^] (JJ); <pola> ^ [HH)| Mid P
polawad (M3); P pulad T polat, Ar
faladF^i, Heb peladah m?3, W Arm bolbad
v
iqnquuuun ; Sor pola Za pola[t] m. (Mai); Hau
pola m. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//SK]
<deban; hesin>
polad = steel. See pola.
polat (IFb/B) = steel. See pola.
polik I JJp f, ( ;-§). copper coin or pendant, as an
*
adornment to a woman's headdress Ik’ofi. qvj;
small coin, farthing: *6118 zhildidin, pa§da
vedigefin. Reva ew diniherin, weki ew zer
t’emam polke qelpin (Ba3-3, #23) The brothers
take the gold [coins] and head back. On the way
they see that all the gold coins are counterfeit [lit.
'that the golds are counterfeit coins'], {also: poik
(Ba3-3); [poulik] (JJ)} [Ba3//K/B//JJ] See also
pol.
polik II JUj, pi. Q. pea(s), bot. Pisum sativum, {also:
lobik (CB-2); lopik (GF/OK/AA); [polik JUL/lupek
(JJ); <lopik> (Hej)| (svn; gilol II; keli I|
Sor polke [Kmc-
6/K/IFb/JJ/CB//GF/OK/Hej/AA] <lowuk>
polk JUjj (Ba3-3) = coin. See polik I.
pol po§man (GF) = disappointed; sorry. See
p’of II: p’or h p 5 o§man.
poncm (OK) = to think. See p’onijin [2].
p’onijin vi. (-p’onij-). 1) Isyn; henijin [1]} to
doze, nap: *Ewi sere xwe berjer kir u
p’oniji (FK-eb-1) He put down his head and
dozed off; 2) {also: poncin (OK)) [syn: du§irmi§
bun; fikirin [ 1 ]; hizir kirin; raman I) to think,
ponder (A/IFb): •Gelek ponijiye (fikiriye), ku
gelo gima renge heken we re§ in (Wit 1:37.
p.13) She thought for a long time [about] why her
eggs [lit. 'the color of her eggs’] were black *Le
eger mirov li gor mentiq biponije bersiva
v§ pirs§ dikare bi kurti wisa bete dayin
(§BS, 61) But if one thinks logically, that question
can briefly be answered like this, [also: p‘oni§tin
(K[s]-2); <ponj!n (diponji)C cS ji^j)> (HH)|
[K(s)/A/IFb/(GF)/TF/OK//HH] <xilma§>
p’onijtin (K[s]) =
to doze. See p’onijln.
por I jJj t(Bw)/m.(OK) ( ;-e/}. francolin, type of
quail, zool. Franco! inus; blackcock, wood grouse
[Germ Haselhuhn] (OK). Sor por = "francolin,
black-partridge' [Bw/IFb/GF/OKj <debdal; kew I;
k 7 erasu>
p ! or II p: -p*o t u p’ogman adj. 1)
disappointed, despairing; 2) regretful, sorry. {also:
pol po§xnan (GF): p'or u p’ofmaii (K); p’or-
p o§man] [B//GF//KJ
p’or III jl; m. 0* hair (coll.}, head of hair; hair on the
head as opposed to pirQ 7 = hair of the body from
the neck down (Haz}: p T of is made up of many
in d hi dual strands of mu (qv.) ; hair of the head
when it is long (HH): «Por xemla kegan e (AB)
Hair is the ornament of girls; -p’or §e kirin (B) to
comb s.o.'s hair: -p’ofe kurigki (B) curly hair;
-p’or§ Te§ (B) black hair; -p’ore xwe kuT kixe!
(XF) May she lose her closest [male] relatives
[cuvse: lindicates a wish that she lose her male
relatives, and cut her hair while mourning themj
Cf. p'orkuf]: «Ez nizanim saxe van miriye ...
Weyla min p’ofe xwe kurkire! (XF) I don't
know if he's alive or dead ...woe is me. : -p’orfc
zer (B) light hair, (also: [por] ^ (JJ); <pur> J3 j
(HH)} [syn: Fuk II [AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HHl
<bisk: gijik: guli I; kezi: mu; pirgh §eh: t’uk I;
Funcik>
p’orkuf adj. 1) shaved, with short hair (said of a
woman) (K): 2) ffj a woman or girl bereft of male
relatives (K): curse said to a woman (indicates a
wish that she lose her male relatives, and cut her
hair while mourning theml (IF); 3) unlucky,
miserable woman (K) *Zine tilyi, h§sfr,
p’orkuf Memo ezim (Z-3) You are Zin,
miserable, short-haired. 1 am Mem. {also: porkuie
(IF)) [Z-3/K//IF]
porkure (IF) = woman with short hair. See
p’orkur.
p’or-p~o$man j*j = disappointed; sorry. See p J of
II: p’or u p’o§man.
porteqal (IFb/Kmc-2/RZ/CB) = orange. See
p’irteqal.
p’ortoxal jUp JO (K/JJ) = orange. See p’irteqal.
p’or u p-ojman <jl.jp .p. (K) = disappointed; sorry.
See p’oF II: p’or fr p’ogman.
p’ost (F/K/IFb/GF/OK/Ba2/TG2) = skin, hide. See
ptst.
467
p
p’o§i m. (). Kurdish man's headdress (IF);
•«
headdress made of silk (A); turban made of black
silk (JJ); headdress, and also a garment (K); black
head kerchief worn by Kurdish women (HH/GF).
[also: pu§i (A); [posh j&J push! (JJ); <po§i>
(HH)) (syn: cemedani; dersok; keving; §emil)
[K/IFb/HH//GF/A/JJ] cherati; k’ofi; k’um; lag’ik>
po§iman (IFb) = sorry. See p’o§man.
p’o§man adj. sorry, regretful, penitent:
-p’o§man bun (B) to regret, be sorry (for doing
stg.) [+ ji]: • £ Emer Axa qrare xwe p’o§man
bfiye (FK-kk-13:131) Omar Agha regretted his
decision •Soft ‘Ebdullah §ikak u muroet wi
gelek li Wan§ [rflni§tin] ... piwazek bo wan
Basil nebti. Gelek pe§iman bun, gotin [sic],
"Ewe gi gu bu me xari!" (SK 48:511) Sofi
Abdullah Shikak and his men sat in Van for a long
time ... but not an onion did they get. They were
most regretful, saying, "What dung we have eaten!";
-p’or u p’o§man = disappointed, despairing:
•K’esiv Tadive p 5 or-p’o§man te mala xwe
(Z-922) The poor man gets up and comes home, all
disappointed, [also: pe§eman (Bw); pe§iman (SK);
p’ojman (K); po§iman (IFb2); [pochiman] (JJ))
<0 Ir *pasca = 'after' + Vman- = 'to think' ('after-
pondering': Hiibsch #312): Mid P paseman =
'penitent, repentant' (M3); P pasiman
/pezman jlojj —> T pi§man; Sor pe§iman -
'contrite, repentant, regretful' (p’ojmani; po§mani;
[pochimani] (JJ))
[Z-922/A/]B3/B/IFb/GF/TF//K//)]//SK//Bw] cmelul; zelul>
p 5 o§mani /. ( ;-y§). sorrow, regret;
■ s
repentance, [also: pe§imani (SK); p’ojmani (K);
[pochimani] (JJ)) Mid P pasemanlh =
'penitence, repentance' (M3)
[A/JB3/IFb/B/TF//K//JJ//SK] cmeluli; p’o§man;
zeluli>
potin f./m.(AD) (-a/; ). work boots, army
boots, [syn: sapok) [Krg/K(s)/IFb/GF/AD]
p’oxin f. ( ;-e). pekhun/pokhin, a dish made
of roasted wheat ground into flour; a sweet made
with flour, butter, and sugar (IF) [T un helvasi]; a
sweet pastry (JJ) [pate douce]: «Hine rune min
hebti. min ani tera kire p’gxtln (Dz) [If] I had
some butter I would bring [it and] make you
pekhun. [also: p’exun (Dz); p’oxin (K-2); [pokhin]
(JJ); <poxin> (HH)) Cf. W Arm p'oxint
MinPhLrv [Dz//K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
p’oxin (K) = dish made of roasted wheat ground
into flour. See p’oxin.
poz I m. (-§; ). nose: -bin poze fk-§ k’etin
(Dz) to catch a smell/scent of, to smell stg.:
•Ni§k§va bina k’ivava k’ete poz§ wan (Dz)
Suddenly they smelled kebabs [lit. 'The smell of
kebabs fell on their noses']; -poze xwe
paqi§/t’emiz kirin (B) to blow one's nose, [also:
[boz j^/pozjjj] (JJ); <poz> (HH)) (syn: bevil [2];
difn; k[’]epi [1]; =Sor lut o^J) Cf. Mid P poz(ag)
(M3) = snout, muzzle'; P puz(e) = 'snout';
Sor poz = 'muzzle (nose and mouth)'
[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH]
poz II jy> f. (-a; ). anus; backside, rump, [syn: qun)
[Bw/Zeb]
pozbilind adj. arrogant, haughty, stuck up.
conceited, [syn: difnbilind) jpozbilindi)
[K/IFb/B/GF/TF]
pozbilindi j /. ( ;-ye). arrogance,
haughtiness, pride. [K/IFb/B/GF] <pozbilind>
pronav JbjCj f.(K)/m.(IFb) (-a/-§; ). pronoun:
-pronava gireki (K) relative pronoun (i.e., ko);
-pronave hevdutiye (IF) reciprocal pronoun
(i.e., hev); -pronava i§arki (K) demonstrative
pronoun (i.e., ev & ew); -pronava k’esin (K)
personal pronoun; -pronava pirsyarki (K)
interrogative pronoun (i.e., k’i & gi). [syn:
bedelnav; cinav) <Lat pro = 'for' + nav = 'name,
noun' [(neol)K/A/JB3/IFb/GF]
prot (GF) = potter. See p’irftd.
p§ik JLjsj = cat. See p’isik.
p’udu^j^j (B/SC) = gums; palate. See pidi.
purg’u^j^. (EH) = frown. See pirg’ti.
p’ug’/p’ug adj . 1) empty, hollow (K/B/JBl-S);
without seed or kernel (of nuts, grain, etc.)
(B/HH/A); with a rotten seed or kernel (HH); 2)
[syn: beker; qels I[3]) worthless, useless (ofpeople)
(K/B/SK); clumsy (IF); silly, vain, devoid of content
(K/JB1-S); 3) [syn: petot; rizi) rotten (Msr/JJ/JBl-S);
ruined, spoiled: -pug [pig] kirin (Bw) to ruin,
spoil, mess up (syn: xirab kirin). [also: pig [4] (Bw);
[poutch] (JJ); <pug> ^ (HH)) Sor pug^ =
'empty, silly' [Msr/RN/K/A/JB3/IFb/ B/JJ/HH/JBl-
S/SK/GF/Bw] <cilq>
pul (IFb/SK) = coin. See pol.
468
p
pula 'y a3 j (SK) = steel. See pola.
pftng Xj&> v f (-a;-e). 1) mint (plant) , bot. Mentha', 2)
basil (HH). [also: [pounk] (JJ); <punk>
(HH)} Cf. P pune *3^; Sor ping Xp
[S&E/K/A/IFb/B/GF//HH/JJ]
f- ( )~ye). cuckoo, zool. Cuculus canorus
(B). {also: pepuk II[1] } Cf. P pupu^j^. [B]
p’tirt f. (-a;-§). 1) feathers, plumage; 2)
eiderdown, soft and fluffy feathers: •Belkis je
xwest ko ji purta teyran je re nivineke
geke (SW) Belkis asked him to make a bed for her
out of down [lit. 'the down of birds'); 3) fur, hair (of
animals) : 4) short wool (IF), [also: [pourt] (JJ);
<purt> jjj (HH)} <W Arm purt pmp»>
[SW/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
pu§ I/p’u§ [EP-5] m. (-e; ). hay, dry grass; dry
leaves (IFb); unmowed grass that grows in a
meadow (JJ): *Ke fiedd hebti ji qir§eki Ketta
pu§eki ti§teki bejite wi? (SK 36:323) Who
would have dared to say anything [lit. 'from
shavings to dry grass'] to him? •Rabu p’u§e
helina g’ivike ji g’e’ve wi derxist (EP-5,
#18) She removed tbe dry grass of the bird nest
from his eyes; -pfi§ ft pelax = dry grass and tree
leaves (IFb); straw, [also: [pouche] (JJ)} Sor pu§
L = 'withered grass, hay’ [L/K/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK]
<ka I>
pu§ II (JB3) = liver. See pi§ I[3).
pu§i (A) = Kurdish headdress. See p’o§i.
pfi§k m. (). rice husk after it has been
removed from the rice, [also: <pi§k> (Hej)}
[Zeb/OK//Hej] <birinc I; geltuk; tu§k>
pfit m. (-e; ). dried winter fodder for domestic
animals : *lsal pute ter§e me bese (Haz) This
year we have enough winter fodder for our cattle
[lit. 'this year the fodder of our cattle is enough'].
[also: [pouti ^y^j/pout o*j] (JJ); <put> (HH)}
Sor put = 'hay stacked for winter fodder'
[Haz/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
pute tCJ aJ f. (). concern, care, attention, regard,
interest: -pute pe kirin (Bw/Dh/IFb/GF/OK)
to pay attention to, care for, take an interest in:
•Pismam, ez a tbinim eto pite p min
nakey, eto ye guye bajera, biladet
mazin, ete jinet cwan yet ditin, noke
te ez nevem (M-Ak #633, p.286) Cousin, I
see that you are not interested in me, you have
been to towns and great countries and seen
beautiful women, now vou do not want me.
w * 1
[also: pite (M-Ak); cf [pouti dain] (JJ)
= 'to board an animal during the winter' (i.e.,
to care for it, give it special attention?)}
[Bw/Dh/IFb/GF/OK//M-Ak]
puz (IFb) = watercress. See piz.
pyenc (S&E) = five. See penc.
pyenc (S&E) = five. See penc.
469
qab I v b /. ( ;-e). 1 ) { syn: kalan) sheath, scabbard (of
sword) : •§ilre xwe bikine qaved wan ft guh
bidine ser min (Z-l) Put your swords in their
sheaths and listen to me; 2 ) {syn: qut’i; sindoq)
case, container, box. {also: qav I (B/Z-l); [qab] v b
(JJ)} [Z- 1 /B//K/JJ/GF] <qebd; §ur>
qab II v b m. (). 1 ) { 53 m: forql profligate, libertine:
• Qave te gave qefibaye (Msr) You have the
eyes of a profligate (said in admiration to a
womanizer)\ 2) [f. (-a;*-e). [ {syn: qalt’ax [3]; qunek
[ 2 ]) prostitute, whore, j also: qav II (B); qaxpe (B-2);
qehbe (K[s]); qehpe (GF); qehb (Msr); qexpe (IFb);
[qahb v ^/qahbe ^>3] (JJ); <qehb> (HH)} < Ar
qahbah = 'whore, harlot’ —> T kahpe; Sor
qehbe = ’harlot’ iqab[t]i; qav[t]i; qehbeti) [FK-
l/K//B//(K[s[)//GF// IFb//JJ/HH] <qebrax>
qabi ^b (FK-eb- 1 ) = adultery; prostitution. See qabti.
qabti f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) adultery: -qabti kirin (K) =
«p
a) to commit adultery; b) to be a prostitute; 2 )
prostitution, {also: qabi (FK-eb-1); qabti (K); qavi
(B- 2 ); qavti (B); qehbeti (K[s])| [FK- 1 //K//B//K(s)]
qac ^-b (IFb) = pine tree. See kac.
qagaq jUb (SK) = fugitive; robber. See qagax.
qagax ^U-b m. (). 1 ) {syn: firar; revi; *revok(e) (IF)}
fugitive, runaway; 2 ) robber, brigand (B):
• Nevejin K’ulik bir, bejin qagaxa bir (FK-
kk-13:129) Don't say that Kulik took her, say that
robbers took her. { also: qagaq (SK); qagax (B)l < T
kagak = 'fugitive; contraband'
[HB/K/IFb/GF//B//SK]
qagax ^U-b (B) = fugitive; robber. See qagax.
qagor j^b (GF) = animal tax. See qamgftr.
qad jb /. (-a;-e). field, open space: -qada §er
(K/GF)/~§eri (IFb) battlefield, battleground:
• Ref§n me bi ser qada §eri re firiyane (RN)
Our squadrons flew over the battlefield.
[RN/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF] <meydan>
qaf <jb (A/IFb/B/GF/HH) = skull. See qehf.
qail Jib (JB3) - willing; satisfied. See qayil.
qaili ^Jib (JB3) = willingness. See qayili.
qail Jjb (F/A) = willing; satisfied. See qayil.
qailti ^^x-Lob (A) = willingness. See qayili.
qai§ jusb (A) = leather belt. See qayi§.
qaj jb (IFb) = pine tree. See kac.
qajeqaj jbojb f. Q. noise, {syn: galegurt; hose; k’im-
k’imi; qalmeqal; qareqar; qerebalix; qireqir; §erqin}
[F/IFb/GF]
qal Jb f. (-a;-e). topic, subject: -qala fk-e/ft-i
kirin = to talk or speak about or of, to discuss
{syn: befis kirin): •BelS, ez dixwazim p@§i ji
we re pigeki qala planen xwe yen
nivisandine bikim (LC, p.ll) Yes, I want first to
tell you a little bit about my writing plans •Ferzo
u Biro qala hev dikir = Ferzo and Biro were
speaking ahout each other •Rojeke wezir@n wi
j£ re qala ziwac§ kirin [sic] (SW) One day his
viziers broached the subject of marriage (or, spoke
to him of marriage), {also: [qal] Jb (JJ)) < Ar qal Jb
= ’he said, to say’ [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ]
qalax ^Vb (A/IFb/GF) = pressed dung. See qelax.
qalg’ik <-GJb , m. ( ; qelg’ik) (K/B) = shell, rind, peel;
scab. See qalik.
qalg’ix ^>Jb = shell, rind, peel; scab. See qalik.
qalen jJb (A) = bride-price. See qelen.
qalib ^Jb m. (-e; qelib, vi qalibi). l) (syn; qurs)
form, mold; bar (of soap, etc.) : »Si§ d aqile
min gd, qalib ma cida (Z-l) My sense and
mind went, an empty body or shell [lit. ’mold']
remained in [its] place (or, in the bed); -qalibe
sablin (IF) bar of soap; 2) boot-tree, last (B). {also:
[qalib] ^Jb (JJ)) < Ar qalib c_Jb
[Z- 1 /K/B/IFb/JJ]
qal*ikJLJU f.(K)/m.(B/JB3) ( /•ke; /qfllik, vi
qaliki). 1 ) {syn: qa§il [ 2 ]; qelp II; tivil) shell, rind,
peel, skin (of fruit, nut, egg) : -qalik kirin (B) to
peel, shell; -qalke hek£ (Haz) eggshell; 2 ) scab
(B). {also: qalg’ik, m. ( ; qelg’ik) (K-2/B-2); qalg’ix;
[qalik] JJb (JJ); <qalik> JJb (HH))
[HB/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Haz//K]
qalim jJb (EH) = thick; tight. See qalin.
qalimayi ^UJb (K) = thickness. See qalini.
• •
qalimi L5 Jb (K) = thickness. See qalini.
% •
qalin ^jJb adj. 1) thick, coarse, rough; fat: •DengS
dya me zirave, le e eve qaline (J) Our
mother’s voice is soft, but this one’s is rough;
-qalin bfln (B) to grow thick or fat; -qalin kirin
(B) to thicken; -t’ele qalin (B) heavy thread; 2)
[syn: hi§k [ 2 ]; mehkem) tight, firm (grip) : # Ewi
disa qalim bi lingS teyr girt (EH) Once again
he held on tight to the bird’s leg. {also: qalim (EH);
470
qalind I (IFb/GF); [qalyn] ^JU (JJ); <qalin ^Jls
/qalind jlJU > (HH)) < T kalm = 'thick' {qalimayi;
qalimi; qalinayi; qalin[t]i)
[J/K/JJ/B/HH//IFb/GF//EH)
qalinayi ^UJls (K/B) = thickness. See qalini.
qalind I a_JU (IFb/HH/GF) = thick. See qalin.
qalind II jjJU (HB) = bride-price. See qelen.
qalini f. ( ;-ye). thickness, coarseness,
roughness, [also: qalimayi (K); qalimi (K); qalinayi
(K/B); qalinti (B)} [K/B] <qalin>
qalinti (B) = thickness. See qalini.
♦ ♦
qalmeqal JlscuJb f. ( noise, [also: qalmeqalm
(B-2)) | syn: k’im-k’imi; qajeqaj; qareqar; qerebalix;
qireqir; §erqin) [F/B/GF]
qalmeqalm (B) = noise. See qalmeqal.
qalt’ax U m. (). 1) pommel (of saddle) (K); 2)
bow-shaped tool used by saddlers [Fr argon] (JJ); 3)
[f.] [syn: qab II; qunek [2]) whore, harlot, slut:
•Qalt’ax ji te qalt’axtir ji p’eyda nabi (Z-3)
There is nowhere to be found a slut sluttier than
you. [also: [qaltaq] (JJ)) <T kaltak = 'whore;
saddletree’ [Z-3/K/IFb//JJ]
qaluc ^Jls , f. (-a; ) (Malatya-Akgadag/Mara§-Pazarcik)
= small sickle. See qalting.
qalug (A/IFb) = small sickle. See qalung.
qalting in. (-e; ). l) small sickle [T orak]; 2)
small hammer (Mzg). [also: qaluc, f. (-a;) (Malatya-
Akgadag/Mara§-Pazarcik); qalug (A/IFb))
[Kr§/Mzg//A/IFb//] <das>
qam pis f. (-a;-§). 1) [syn: bejn; qedqamet) height,
stature: *Remile bikol, li gora qama xwe (L)
Dig [a hole in] the sand as deep as your height [lit.
'according to your height']; -ji qame dere (Slv)
excessive(ly), too much; 2) water that goes no
higher than one’s neck (when one stands in a pool
of water) (Haz). [also: qamet (K/SK); [qam pls/qamet
o^ls] (JJ); <qamet> s (HH)) <Ar qamah
[L/IFb/JJ/JBl-S//K/HH/SK/Haz]
qambil (Nsb) = opposite; opposed. See miqabil.
qamgi m. (-ye ; q§mgi). 1) whip: -qamgi
kirin (B) to lash, whip; 2) whipping, lash(es) with a
whip: •...& gend qamgiya daveje w£ (Ba-1,
#26) ...and he gives her several whippings *Pa§i
van qamgiya (Ba-1, #27) After those whippings.
[also: [qamtchi] ^Is (JJ); <qamgi> (HH)) < T
kamgi [Z- 922 /K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
qamgur (TF) = animal tax. See qamgtir.
m
qamgur f. (-a;-e). tax, animal tax; "The agha
[or tribal chief! collects certain taxes on die tribe's
internal affairs , notably on the sale of livestock:
These taxes are called qemgor ..."(LY, p. 164,
body of text & note 2 [my translation]): *Ez§ van
p’ere htir bibim qamgura paz (Z-2) I will take
this small change [to pay] the tax on our sheep # Li
gor ve hijmare, qamgtir li gar seri pez§ te
dikeve ... dema tu §vare vedigeri, wek
mafe qamgure, we gaxe tu e gar bizinan ji
me re veqetini (Ardu, p.114-5) According to
this number [of sheep), your animal tax amounts to
4 animals from your flock ... when you return in
the evening, as the duty of tax [?], you can pick out
4 goats for us then, [also: qagor (GF); qamgur (TF);
qemgor (LY); xemgur (IF-2)) Cf. Arm xam£‘ur
huitT^riLp /xap‘c‘ur = sheep tax'
(Avak), cf. Tatar qubgur = ’animal tax 1 , Uigur
qubcir = general tax on behalf of tbe government'
(Nadeliaev p. 462) & 14th-15th cent. T kapgur [^
J»] = ’tax according to the number of animals one
owned’ [sayim vergisi] (TS, v. 4, p. 2246-47); T
gamgur [Erzincan; Bitlis; Agin, Keban-Elazig] &
kamgor [Erci§-Van] = 'animal tax’ [hayvan vergisi]
(DS, v. 6, p. 1907; v. 8, p. 2615) & gamgor [Kars:
Kacar Urugu] & gangur/gaqhgur [Kars: Terekeme
Urugu] (AC-1, p. 248) = ’tax on cattle and sheep'
[davar ve koyun vergisi]; P qubjur ^yj/qubjur
J3 j^i>/q[u]fjur s - ’a tribute consisting in one
head of cattle per hundred; such tribute converted
into money’ (Steingass) < Mongol govcuur
roB^yyp/ guvcuur ryBnyyp = ’impost, tax'
[from: Gombojab Hangin et al. A Modern
Mongolian-English Dictionary (Bloomington :
Indiana Univ., 1986), p. 121]; of Mongolian origin:
see: Doerfer vol. 1, #266. = ’type of tax,
originally most commonly collected in kind
(primarily in cattle), it later came to denote set
taxes levied on nomads and farmers’ [Z-2/IFb//
TF//GF//LY] <bac; be§; kode; olam; xerc>
qame (IFb) = dagger. See qeme.
qamet o«juU (K/SK/HH/JJ) = height. See qam.
qamir _^ls [Qzl/Qrj/Slm]/qamir [K/IFb/GF/FJ] m.
Q. type of reed, bulrush, bot. Scirpus.
[Qzl/Qrj/Slm//K/IFb/GF/FJ] <leven; qami§>
qami§ Jills' m. ( ; qemi§). 1) (syn: leven; zil) cane,
reed, bot. Phragmites & Arundo ; 2 ) [syn: kir) penis
471
Q
(JJ). [also: qamu§ (F); [qamouch] jlJs (JJ); <qami§>
b (HH)} <T kamig = reed'; Sor qami§
[EH/K/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF//F/JJ]
qam-qanat obb ^b (K) = stature; build. See qedqamet.
qamug (F/JJ) = reed. See qami§.
qanat obb m. (). wing, {also: [qanad] jUs (JJ)} {syn;
p’er [2]} < T kanat [Z-1/K/B//JJ] <bask>
qane *3 Is (K)/qane c £<ob(JBl-A) = satisfied; willing;
convinced. See qani c .
qaneh &Aj\s = willing; satisfied; convinced. See qani 4 .
qani c ^b adj. 1) contented, satisfied; 2) {syn; qayil;
razi) willing; 3) convinced, persuaded: *Ez
te'eccub dikem, h§§ta tu qani' nebuy ko
xebere min dirust der-kewt? (SK 59:696) I am
amazed that you still haven't been convinced that
what I said has turned out correct; -qani 4 kirin: a)
to convince (SK) {syn: *iqna kirin}: -Cenabe
muctehid he§ta delileki weto neinaye ko
biguke landike ji qani' biket (SK 60:708)
Your honor has not yet brought forth a proof that
would convince even a baby in its cradle; b) to
appease, placate: »Bave xwe qane kir (L) He
placated his father (=calmed him down, rid him of
his anger), {also: qane (K); qane 4 (JBl-A); qaneh;
qani (IFb); [qaneh kir] (JJ)} < Ar V"q-n-‘ =
'to be satisfied; be convinced' [SK//L/K//JB1-
A//IFb//JJ]
qani ^b (IFb) = willing; satisfied; convinced. See
qani c .
qant’ir ^jb/qant’ir >ub [B] m./f.(B/JB3) ( ; /-e).
mule, {also: qatir (IF-2); [qatir ^LU/qantir ^ksb] (JJ);
<qantir> yjb (HH)} (syn: exte; hestir II} Cf. P qatir
jJslii = ’mule’ < *xar-tar: xar = 'donkey' + -tar = -er
(suffix for comparative degree) : 'more like a
donkey’;—> T katir fL/K/A/JB3/IFb/I3/JJ/HH] <k’er
HI>
qanun j^b /. (-a;-§). law; rule, regulation: *Bele,
muro lazim e daimi hi§yar bit, ti§te
muxalifi qanuna xude bit qebftl neket (SK
9:93) Yes, a man must always have his wits about
him and not accept anything which goes against the
law of God *Emma dibejin qantlna Efimed
MidKet Pa§a ji Qur'ane getir e u ew pigek
ji Xude bi ‘aqltir e (SK 48:514) But they say
that the laws of Ahmad Midhat Pasha are better
than the Koran and he is a little more intelligent
than God *Ew delil§t §er c fl qanflnan hemi
pir-u-pug in, be fayde ne (SK 43:418) Those
proofs of the religious and civil law are all rubbish
and quite useless. I also: [qanoun] (JJ);
<qanun> ^yb (HH)} {syn; zagon} < Ar qanun jyb
= ’law' < Gr kanon kcxvcov = 'straight rod or bar,
ruler; rule, standard (=Lat. regula, norma)’
[K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JB 1-S/SK/GF ]
qaput (A) = overcoat. See qap’Ht.
qap’ud (B) = overcoat. See qap’tlt.
qap’ut o^.b f.(K)/m.(B/Z-l) ( /-e; ). overcoat:
•Zine k’etibfi bin qap’ilte Meme, teliya bti.
(Z-l, p.57) Zin jumped under Mem’s coat and hid.
{also: qaput (A); qap’ud (B-2); Lqapout] o^b (JJ)}
{syn: hewran 1} [Z-1/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
qar _,b = deaf; silent. See ker II.
qarg ^-jb (A) = tailbone. See qarg’ik.
qarg’ik JL* rJ b f (-a;-§). tailbone, coccyx, {also: qarg
(A); <qargik> (HH)} {syn: kileji}
[Msr/K/B/HH//A]
qareqar jb 0j b f. (). noise. { syn: k’im-k’imi; qajeqaj;
qalmeqal; qerebalix; qireqir; gerqin} [F/IF]
qarim pjb (Haz) = scythe. See qirim.
qarin jjb (M-Sh) = to be able. See karin.
qari§ jijb: -qari§i ft-i btln (Z-3) to interfere,
meddle in: •K’ese qari§i Memo nebe (Z-3)
Don’t let anyone interfere with Mem. {also:
[qarismis de-be] (JJ)} < T kan§mak
[Z-3//JJ]
qarix £jb m. (-§; ). flower bed. [Kr§/Mzg/IFb]
qarume (). edible wild plant, {also: <qarume>
ousjls (HH)} [HB/A/IFb/HH]
qas ^b m./f. (). amount, quantity: -[bi] qasi (IFb/JJ)
= a) as ... as: *Ew qasi min e (IFb) He is as [big]
as I am • [bi qasi we xundi ninim] (JJ) I am not
as educated as you are; b) according to: *[bi qasi
qudreta xwe] (JJ) according to his strength, with
all his might; -giqas[i] = how much; -ewqas = so
much; -haqas = do.: •Cima ez nagihim te, ez
haqas dibezim? (Dz) Why don't (=can't) I catch
up with you; I run so much (=so fast)?;
-qaseke/qaseki (B) (for) a while, a short time:
•Tu ji qaseki §tin de here (IF) And you go a
while later. { also: [qas] ^b (JJ)} {syn; mixdar; qeder
1} [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
qasid m. (-§ ; qesid). messenger, courier,
errand boy: -[qaside xwede] (JJ) apostle,
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Q
messenger of God. {also: [qasid] j**>b (JJ)} { syn:
qewaz) < Ar qasid [EP-8/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK]
qa§ f. ( ;-e). 1) precious stone (on a ring) :
•§ireki gelek kewn hebu, kalwane wi ziw
bfl, destike wi zer bti, qa§et elmas u
piroze hatibilne tegirtin, tiye wi kerman
bu (SK 26:234) There was a very ancient sword
with a silver scabbard, its hilt of gold inlaid with
gems of diamond and turquoise, and its blade of
Kermani steel; 2) gold or silver mounting, setting
(B); 3) {syn: gustil) ring (on finger) (Hk[Gewer)).
{also: qa§e (SK); [kas] jilTQJ); <qa§> jib (HH)1
[HB/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/Hk//JJ//SK]
qa§e *Ji\s (SK) = precious stone. See qa§,
qa§ik Jbb (IFb/GF) = melon rinds; tree bark. See
qa§il.
qa§il J^b m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). 1) shavings, filings, chips
(K/B); 2) {syn: qalik; qelp II; tivil) shell, rind, peel
(HB); rinds of melons and the like (IFb/HH); bark
of a tree (GF). [also: ka§ul (IFb-2); qa§ik (IFb-2/GF-
2); qa§ul (TF); qa§ul (GF-2 {Bot]); <qa§il> Jills (HH)1
[HB/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//TF] <petex; qawin;
§imamok; zebe§>
qa§ojpb inter), supposedly, allegedly, ostensibly:
•De ka ez binerim be te gend co xwarine,
tu mereki gawa ye [sic)! Qa§o tu ji kure wi
ye [sic]! (Ardu, p.117) Let me see how many times
you’ve been hit with their stick, let me see what
kind of a man you are! You're supposed to be his
son! {syn: xwedegiravi) [Ardu/A/GF]
qa§ul Jyib (TF) = melon rinds. See qa§il.
qa§ul (GF) = tree bark. See qa§il.
qat oh m.(B)/f.(JB3) (-e/-a; qet, vi qati/ ). 1) fold;
times (multiplication. X) : # se qat = threefold: -qat
kirin (IFb) lo fold: •Li vi welate gawiran
cil§u§tin ji bi sere xwe derdeki giran e ...
pa§e bavejin makina zuhakirine, pa§e
derxin qat kin, duz kin u binin mal (LC,
p. 12) In this country of infidels, doing laundry is a
big headache ... then throw it in the dryer, then
take it out, fold it, flatten it, and bring it home; 2)
floor, story (of a building) : -qata j§rin (IFb) lower
level, downstairs; -qata jorin (IFb)/qate jorin/
jorin/jore (B) upper level, upstairs; 3) {syn: dest
[2] | counting word for suits of clothing (KS): *L§
diviyabu Doktor Sertag ji xwe re qatek
kinc bikiriya (KS, p. 36) But Dr. Sertag had to
buy himself a suit of clothes. < T kat = Told,
storyfof bldg.)' [ Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/KS]
qatir yU (IF/JJ) = mule. See qant’ir.
qat’ix ^jU/qatix [B] m. (-e ; qet’ix [EP-7], vi
qat’ixi). 1) {syn: mast] yoghurt (Wn/Ag/K);
curdled milk, light meal (JJ); 2 ) milk products
(A/IFb). {also: [qatik] jjU (JJ)) < T katik =
’condiment (with bread); yoghurt' (in Kars &
vicinity) & Az T gatyg = 'yoghurt'
[Wn/Ag/K/A/IFb//JJ//B] <dew; nast; §Tr; tawa§; to I>
qav I «JU (B/Z-l) = sheath; box. See qab I.
qav II Jib (B) = profligate; prostitute. See qab II.
qavi (B) = adultery; prostitution. See qabti.
•«
qavti (B) = adultery; prostitution. See qabti.
• •
qaw«e o 3 b f. (•a;*e). coffee: -cimcime qehwe =
coffee pot. {also: qehwa; qehwe (IFb- 2 /GF/SK);
[qave] ojb (JJ)) {syn: ave re§ (Hirgo)l Cf. Ar qahwah
P qahve 0 ^ 3 , T kahve
[Z-l/EP-7/K/IFb/B/JJ//GF/SK]
qawegi y^ojb in. (). 1 ) person who serves coffee, one
who works in a coffee house; 2 ) owner of a coffee
house, {also: qehwegi (GF); qehwevan (IFb);
[qavedji] ^ojb (JJ)) < T kahveci
[Z- 2 /K//JJ//GF //IFb]
qawin ^b m. (). melon, {also: qawun (IFb-2);
[qaoun] ^yb (JJ); <qawin> ^b (HH)} {syn: gindor;
petex; §imamok) < T kavun [HB/K/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
<qa§il [ 2 ]; zebe§>
qawit oojb f./m.(K/B) ( ; /-§). cake-like pastry made
of fried wheat which is ground, and then mixed
with grape syrup [dims] [T kavut]. {also: qawut, m.
(K/B); qewit (TF); [qavout] 03 b (JJ); <qawit> oojb
(HH)) Cf. Sor qawut o 3 b = 'crumbled dry bread as
provision for journey'; Za qawite, f. (Mal)
|Krb/A/IFl)/HH/G17/Tl'7/K/B/JJ]
qawun c j 353 b (IFb) = melon. See qawin.
qawut o^b, ill. (K/B) = cake-like pastry. See qawit.
qax £b f/m.[B[ ( ;-e/qex). natural hole in a
boulder in which rain water collects: -ava qax§
(Rwn) rain water collecting in such a hole.
[Rwn/K/B]
qaxpe *usb (B) = profligate; prostitute. See qab II.
qayil 0 Lb (GF/HH) = willing; satisfied. See qayil.
qayili ^J^b (GF) = willingness. See qayili.
qajdliti ^yulJb (GF) = willingness. See qayili.
■ ■
qayi§ (GF) = strap, belt. See qayi§.
473
Q
qayil J-oU* adj. 1 ) {syn : qane; razi) consenting, willing,
in agreement: -qayil bfin [+ bi] (B/HH) to agree
[to], assent [to], consent [to]: •Aqd p’exember
qayil nabe (Ba) Jacob the prophet does not assent
•Aqtib bi gili§ Meyane qayil bd (Ba3-3, #7)
Jacob agreed to Meyaneh’s conditions [lit. ’words']
•Bave min qayil buye, erne iro herin (B)
My father has agreed, we will go today •Ez
qayllim, tu dikarl her! (B) I consent, you can
go ®Xu§ka mezin herd xu§ke xwera qayil
bti (Z-l) The older sister agreed with her two
sisters; -qayil kirin (B/HH) to make agree, force
to agree; 2 ) {syn: ber miraz; qane) satisfied (JJ).
faiso:qail (JB3); qail (F/A); qayil (GF); [ka’il] J_>U
(JJ); <qayil> J_>(HH)) < Ar qa’il Jj c U = saying’
(Vq-w-1 J 33 = ’to say')--> T kail = ’ready, willing’
fqaili; qailti; qayili) [F/A//K/IFb/B//JB3//HH/GF//JJ]
qayil! f. ( ;-ye). agreement, willingness,
consent, [also: qaili (JB3); qailti (A); qayili (GF);
qayiliti (GF- 2 )) [K/IFb/B//JB3//A//GF] <qayil>
qayi§ /. (-a;-e). 1) leather strap, man’s belt; belt
made of red and white hide, covered with spun
silver (JJ) [kalsh]; long thin piece of leather hung
from the waist, in which daggers and the like are
carried (HH): »Pa§e ew here qay§a xwe dike
ser brina qeret’ajdin (FK-eb-2) Then he wraps
the top of his leather belt around qeretajdin’s
wound; 2) piece of leather (JJ) [qaich]; 3) [adj.]
leather, made of leather (B): -p’ote qayi§ (B) a
leather coat or jacket, {also: qai§ (A- 2 ); qayi§ (GF);
[qaich/kaish] Lrils (JJ); <qayi§> (HH)| <t
kayi§ = 'strap’
[FK-2/K/IFb/B/HH//GF//A//JJ]
qaz jU f. (-a;-e). goose (pi. geese), zool. Anser &
Branta: *Qaz li ser ave digerin (AB) The geese
move about on the water, {also: [qaz] jU (JJ); <qaz>
tU' (HH)) [Pok ghan-s- 412.] 'goose': Skt hariisa-
mJ hamsl f. = ’goose, swan’; Sgd z’y = 'type of
bird'; P yaz jU —>T kaz; Sor qaz jU; Za qanz
(Lx)/qaz/qanzi f. (Mai); Hau qaz (M4)
[AB/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//HH] <bet; werdek>
qazanc f.(K/B)/m.(SK) (-a/-§;-§/). profit, gain:
-qazanc kirin (K/B/SK)/qezenc kirin (IFb) to
earn, gain, make a profit: *Bes muro ji gak e
bo xo ji xelki ’ibret-girti bibit da meqbtil
bibit u daimi wucoda xo k§mas bizanit da
weki riwi s§-gendan qazang biket, ne wekf
gurgi xo mezin Eisab biket, pa§i ser§ wi
bih§t e §kandin E mejiye wi bihet e inan-
e-der (SK 7:77) But it is good for a man too to
take a warning from people, so that he may be
acceptable, and always to consider himself wanting
so that, like the fox, he may make treble the profit,
and not consider himself great, like the wolf, so
that in the end his head is broken and his brains
knocked out •’’Gak ew e ew sale ra-bim,
bigim e kustane, kere xo bar kem ji cang-
tl-coli ft ji §ure-pelaw-u-melaw, bibem e-
naw 'e§ireta Girdi Joriyan, belko
qazanceki bikem, bo biguket xo rizqeki
peyda bikem” (SK 16:154) "This year it would
be good to go into the mountains, to load up my
donkey with cloth and haberdashery and footwear
and take it among the Upper Girdi tribe. Maybe I
shall make a profit and gain sustenance for my
children" *Ewe se sal e hung §eri diken hari
'Usmani, hingi [=hingo?] ji xeyri zerer ft
peri§ani gi di qazanc nekir, E ji noke
pa§we de xirabtir bit (SK 57:674) For three
years now you have fought for the Turks and apart
from injury and regret you have gained nothing,
and from now on it will be worse *Gundek heye
li-naw c e§ireta Berwariyan, daxili qeza
Amediy§, Spindar dibejin e. Muroek hebti
ji wi gundi, nawe wi Mam Tal bu. Gelek
caran digH Mtlsile, §ure-mure dikiri, diina
gundd xo, difirot, qazanc dikir (SK 28:252)
There is a village among the Barwari tribe, in the
district of Amadiya, called Spindar. There was
once a man from that village whose name was
Mam Tal. He used to go often to Mosul and buy
goods, bring them back to his village, sell them and
make a profit »We keredd qazancek min
kiriye kes nekiri (SK 28:257) This time I’ve
made such a profit as no man has ever made;
-xwera nav qazanc kirin (K) to make a name
for oneself, [also: qezanc (GF); qezenc (IFb);
[qazandj] (JJ))
< T kazang [K/B/SK//GF/JJ//IFb]
qazik ^JjU f. (-a; ). 1 ) pot with handle, {also:
<qazik> Jjb(HH)) {sjm: qu§xane)
[Frq/Efr/K/HH/GF]
474
Q
qazux £ 3 jU m./f.(B) ( ; /-§). 1) stake, pale, stick,
rod, post, pole: -qazox kirin (A) to impale (a
form of capital punishment); -2) spoke (of wheel)
(K); 3) rod attached to the shaft of the front axle of
a horse-drawn cart (B). [also: qazix (B); qazox [A);
[qazouk] (JJ); [hazoq] (JJ/PS); <qazox>
(HH)) Cf. Ar/P xazuq = 'stake', T kazik
[HB/K//A/HH//B//JJ//PS]
qe as = ever; (not) at all. See qet.
qebd ajas f./m.(JB3) (-a/; ). handle, haft, hilt (of
sword , dagger , etc.) : *[Qebda xencera wi
§kest] (HM) The handle of his dagger broke •Q.,
'E. deste wan ser qevza §urin (Z-l) Ch. and
E.’s hands are on the hilt[s] of [their] sword[s]
(=they are about to draw their swords) . [also: qeft
[2]; qevd, m. (JB3/IFb-2/GF); qevz (Z-l/K/GF-2);
[qabze] a^lJ (JJ); <qevd> a*3 (HH)] | syn: balgiq)
< Ar qabdah a^xJ --> T kabza
[HM/A/IFb//K//JB3/HH/GF//JJ] <kalan; qab I; §ur>
qebel Jajas. See qebxll.
qebe-qeb v a3aja 3 (Alkan) = cooing. See qebqeb.
qebil 0 Loa 3 (Ba2/B) = tribe. See qebile.
qebile aLua* f. (-a;-e). tribe; medium-sized tribe (JR).
[also: qebil (Ba2/B); [qabile] aLj (JJ)) < Ar qabllah
a-Lj> [Ba2/B//F/IFb/JJ] <binemal; ’e§iret; icax;
ocax [4]; t’ayfe>
qebin vi. (-qeb-). to coo, call (of partridges
[kew]). | also: qeqibin (IFb-2); qibin (IFb) } [Bw//IFb]
<kew I>
qebqeb Aib A3 /. (-a;-e). billing and cooing (of
doves, etc.): »denge qebe-qeba kewan (Alkan,
71) the sound of the cooing of partridges *Disa
Derwe§ ‘Eli weki kewe ribad qebqeb kir
(SK 60:726) Once again Dervish Ali cooed like a
decoy partridge, [also: qebe-qeb (Alkan); qepqep
(IFb)) [Alkan//K(s)/SK//IFb]
qebrax ^as m. (-e; ). 1) ( syn: qurumsax) pimp; 2)
bastard, [also: qebro (Msr-2)) cf. <qibrax kirin>
(HH) = ’to tie one’s clothes on one’s back in
preparation for departing on a journey' [Msr/IFb]
<qab II>
qebro A 3 (Msr) = pimp; bastard. See qebrax.
qebtil /. (). acceptance, consent: -qebul bun
(B/IFb) to be accepted or acceptable: •[qebftl
dibe] (JJ) acceptable; -qebUl kirin (IFb): a) to
accept, agree, approve, assent [syn: qayil bun):
•Diya min qebtil nake (L) My mother doesn’t
accept (=says no); b) to approve of (B) [syn:
p’ejirandin): *Tu xebata min qebiil diki? (B)
Do you approve of my work?; c) to receive,
• welcome (B) [syn: gun p’ergine): *Ewana mevan
rind qebill kirin (B) They received the guests
well, [also: qebel; [qaboul] (JJ); <qebul >
(HH)) < Ar qubul = 'acceptance, reception’->
T kabul [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK]
qeda I jas f.(K/B)/m.(JBl-A) ( ; qedae or qede
[B]/). 1) misfortune, disaster; accident: *qeda te
k’eve! (B)/qede li te bik’eve (Msr) May a
disaster befall you! [curse] «Ne sir ft ne pivaz,
qede li dermane germ bik’eve (Msr) May
disaster befall neither garlic nor onions, but rather
[red] peppers (=All three are equally bad) [prv.]; 2)
disease, illness, sickness (B). [also: qede (Msr);
qedeh I (K); qeziya; [qeda I jj/qaza Uhs] (JJ);
<qeda> I jJ (HH)) < Ar qada’ sUri ’destiny; decree 1
~> T kaza = ’accident’; Sor qeza IjaS = ’accident 1
[Msr//IFb/B/JJ/HH/JB 1-A/GF//K] See also qeziya.
qedandin jjjljAs vt. (-qedin-). 1) to carry out,
execute, complete: •!§§ xwe biqedine (L)
Attend to (or, carry out) your affairs •Destxweda
giliye kale diniyaditi hate qedandin (Z-l)
Immediately tbe words (=advice) of the
experienced old man were carried out; 2) to end,
conclude, finish; 3) to solve (a problem) (B):
-mesele qedandin (B) to solve a problem, [also:
qedandin (diqedine) .)> (HH)) < Ar
qada - 'to finish, terminate'
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF]
qeddimin (K) = to move, advance. See
qedimin.
qede ojas (Msr) = misfortune. See qeda.
qedege aTojas (A) = forbidden. See qedexe.
qedeh I (K) = misfortune. See qeda.
qedemg*e a£oojas /. («a; ). toilet, water closet,
lavatory, [also: qedemgeh (TF); [qadem-gah]
(JJ); <qedemgah> oISIas (HH)) [syn: avdestxane;
avrej I; golik III (Msr); da§ir (Dy); destavxane;
edebxane [1]) Cf. P qadamgah at^AS = 'footing;
place of arrival' [Msr//JJ/HH//TF]
qedemgeh aa£»ojas (TF) = toilet. See qedemge.
qeder I m.(E)/f.(W/JBl-A) (-§/; ). 1) {syn:
mixdar; qas) quantity, amount: -qeder§ (B)
about, approximately [syn: qiyase): •qeder§
mehek§ (B) about a month; •Em6 qeder§ 10
<i
475
Q
Foja vira bijin (B) We will live here about 10
days *qedere niv saete ma (L) It stayed for
about half an hour [lit. ’the amount of a half hour'];
2) moment, small amount of time (BJ: *Qederek
k’ete ort’e (B) Some time passed (after stg.
happened) . {also: qedir II, m. (JB3); qender (K2-
Ferik); [qadr] jji (JJ); <qeder> jjj> (HH)) < Ar qadr
jji~> T kadar [BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-
A/SK/OK//JJ]
qeder II f. (-a;-e). destiny, fate: • Em ji
qedera xwe xeyidine (IF) We cursed our fate.
{also: <qeder> jji' (HH)) ( syn: eninivis; yazi) < Ar
qadar jji-> T kader [K/JB3/IFb/HH/SK/GF/OK]
qedexe adj. forbidden, prohibited, banned [Cf.
T yasak]: -qedexe kirin (IFb/GF) to ban,
prohibit, forbid [syn: berbend kirin). {also: qedege
(A); <qedexe> (HH)) {syn: heram) Cf. P
qadayan [Ber/IFb/GF/OK//A//HH]
qedimin j<0' vi. (-qedim-). to step, go, move,
advance, {also: qeddimin (K)) < Ar qadama pjj'
[L//K] <pe§dagun>
qedir I jjas m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: giram; hurmet; rez II;
rumet) respect, gravity: *bona qedire te (B) out
of respect to you *We je re qedir u malifete
bike (L) [Sbe] will show [lit. 'do'] respect and
honor to bim; -qedir girtin (B) to respect, honor:
•Doste wi ji gelek qedre wi digirt: her
tuxme te c ame xo§ ba, bi-lezet ba, ew bo
wi dirust dikir ... bo niwistine ji niwinet
gak bo wi diraexistin... (SK 31:274) His friend
would treat bim with great respect. He would
prepare for him every kind of good and tasty food
... He would spread fine bedding for him also, to
sleep on *Ew qedire hev digirin (B) They
respect each other; 2) [syn: qimet} worth; dignity:
-qedir existin (B) to lower in prestige, {also: qedr
(JB3/IFb/SK/GF)| < Ar qadr jji
[K/B//JB3/IFb/SK/GF] c'erz; qeder I>
qedir II jjaS, m. (JB3) = amount. See qeder I.
qediyan <jL j<vs (JB3/IFb) = to be finished; to pass (of
time) . See qedin.
qedife m. (). velvet, {also: [qadife] <*.ojjJ (jj)i
{syn: mexmer) < Ar qatlfah «uJbs —> T kadife
[K/IFb/B/JJ/(GF)/OK]
qedin vi. (-qed-). 1) to be completed, finished,
exhausted; 2) to pass, elapse (vi.) (of time) : *Eve
niv saeta min qediya, ez ji xwe re li te te-
ma§e bikim (L) I've been watching you for half
an hour, {also: qediyan (JB3/IFb); qedyan (SK))
<Ar qada = ’to finish, terminate' [L/K//JB3/IFb]
qedqamet /. (). 1) (syn: bejn; qam) height,
stature; 2) figure, build, frame (of a person) ; 3)
carriage, bearing, {also: qam-qanat (K-2); qed u
qamet (K); qefn-qanat (EP-4)) < Ar qadd wa-qamah
[JR//K] <bejnbal>
qedr (JB3/IFb/SK/GF) = respect. See qedir I.
qedum in. (-e; ). 1) (syn: ling; p’e II) feet, legs;
2) (syn: bel I; hez; qewat; zexm [2]; zor I) strength
(fig.) : •Qudum hat ber goked min (K) I felt
strong [lit. 'strength came to my knees'] • Qudum
goke wanda nema (Z-l) They felt weak [lit.
'there was no strength left in their knees'] »Wexta
me eva yeka dit, qudume goked me sist
bun (Ba2:2, p.206) Wben we saw that, we felt
weak in the knees; -[ji] quddm existin (B) to
drain of energy; -qudum §kestin (B) to become
weak: •Quddme min §kestin (K) I am weak,
I've lost all my strength [lit. 'my legs are broken’]
•Qedume bire wi §ikestin (L) His brothers
were unable to walk; 3) sadness, grief (B); 4) form,
shape, aspect (HH/IFb) [hay’ah], {also: qidum (IFb);
qudum (Z-l); qudum (K/B); <qidum> pji (HH)) Cf.
Ar qadam = ’foot' (anat. & unit of measure)
[L//K/B//IFb/HH]
qed u qamet (K) = height, stature. See
qedqamet.
qedyan (GF) = to be finished; to pass (of time) .
See qedin.
qefes f. (-a;-e). 1) cage: *Ji teyre te re
lazim e qesefek ji hestiye fila (L) Your bird
needs an ivory cage; 2) rib cage, {also: qesef (L);
[qafes] (JJ); <qefes> (HH)) < Ar qafas
vois ~> T kafes [L//K/IFb/B/JJ/HH] <feke>
qefil m. (). several destT s (armfuls) of wheat
(barley, etc.) as a unit [unit of measure—larger than
desti, smaller than gidi§]. {also: cf. [qafle] *JlJS (JJ)
= 'fardeau' [=burden, load]) Cf. Turoyo quflo =
’armful’ (HR2) [Qzl/Kmc-5769] <desti; gidi§>
qefilin (A) = to freeze. See qefilin.
qefili ^*3 adj. 1) tired, weary (Kg); 2) frozen (K/A).
{also: qefili (Kg)) [Kg//K/A] <westiyan>
qefilin vi. (-qefil-). 1) {syn: cemidin;
qerimin; qe§a girtin; simirin) to freeze (vi.)
(Bzd/K§/Srk/IFb); 2) {syn: betilin; re c t bun; westin)
476
Q
to be or become tired (Kg/Mzg/IFb): •Qefilyame
(Kg) I am tired. { also : qefilin (A); <qufilin qJjs
(diqufili) (HH)) Za qeftyena [qeflyayi§]
(Srk) = 'to be cold'
[Kg/Mzg/Bzd/K§/Srk/K/IFb/B//HH//A] <tezi II>
qefilvan jlaJiAs (Kmc-5770) = carrier of sheaves. See
qeflevan.
qefili (Kg) = tired. See qefili.
qefle aIjaS f. (). herd (of cows, buffalo , or horses) :
-qefleki dawar (Haz) a herd of cattle; -qefleki
game§ (Haz) a herd of buffalo(es); -qefleki hesp
(Haz) a herd of horses, {also: qefle (Rwn); qifle
(Btm/Czr)) {syn: irxi; revo) <Ar qafilah .dili' =
'caravan' [Haz/Rwn//Btm/Czr] <ga; game§; keri II;
raf>
qeflevan jU'disAii m. (). agricultural worker who
piles qefils together in a field [ew kese ku qeflan
dide hev di zeviye da], carrier or collector of
sheaves in the field, [also: qefilvan (Kmc-5770))
[Qzl//Kmc-5770] <qefil>
qef§ f. ( ;-e). handful; bunch, bundle, {also:
qev§ (B)} \syn: baq; qeft [1]) [IFb//B]
qeft oJas f (). 1) (syn: qef§) (small) handful; bouquet,
bunch: *qeftek sosinan (Zx-song) a handful of
lilies; 2) handle, haft. See qebd. {also: [qawdi] L ^s
(JJ); <qevd> (HH)) [Zx/A/IFb//JJ//HH]
qehbe (K[s]) = profligate; prostitute. See qab II.
qehbeti ^ a-j&as (K[s]) = adultery; prostitution. See
qabti.
qehf <jut<x3 m. (-e; qef [B]). skull, cranium: *Be
§erm, wek dehbeki eceb, ji sere qehfe
min, heya neynilken lingen min, li min
dinerin (E§, p.19) Shamelessly, like some strange
beast, they look me over, from the top of my skull
to the tips of my toes [lit. 'the nails of my feet 1 ].
{also: qaf (A/IFb/B/GF-2); <qaf> <jls (HH)) {syn:
k’elle II; kiloxi <Ar qihf = ’skull 1
[E§/K/GF/TF//A/IFb/B/HH] <qerqode>
qehirandin j jj 1 ^aj vt . (-qehirin-), l) to sadden,
depress, anger; to rouse indignation (JB3); to
disappoint, frustrate: *Te em qehirandin (L)
You have disappointed us; 2) to torment, {also:
<qehirandin> jjjl ^ (HH)] < Ar qahara ^ - 'to
conquer; (clq.) to disappoint, upset’
[K/JB3/IFb//HH] <qehirandin>
qehirin vi. (-qehir-J. 1) to be depressed,
sad, angry: # Tu geliki diqehiri, her §var tu
kefa me ji di§kenini (L) You are very
depressed, every evening you upset us also *Tu
geliki diqehiri li ser kevnek jina (L) You are
very sad over some old woman; 2) to be disgusted,
disappointed, frustrated, {also: [qaherln] (JJ);
<qehirin> (HH)) < Ar qahara ^ = 'to
conquer; (clq.) to disappoint, upset’; Za qafiriyena
= 'to become angry’ (Todd) [L/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/M//HH]
<aciz; qehirandin; tengav>
qehpe (GF) = profligate; prostitute. See qab II.
qehwa I*j&aj = coffee. See qawe.
qehwayi ^IjAas (GF/OK) = brown. See qehweyi.
• *
qehwe ojAaj (IFb/GF/SK) - coffee. See qawe.
qehwegi (GF) = coffee server; coffee house
• •
owner. See qawegi.
qehweyi ^o^aa* adj. 1) brown, coffee-colored; 2)
* •
type of brown-colored material used in making
traditional berguz [qv.]. {also: qehwayi (GF/OK-2))
Sor qaweyi ^ojls [Kmc-2/IFb/TF/OK//GF]
qehb (Msr/JJ/HH) = profligate; prostitute. See qab
II.
qeiq ^aS (F) = boat. See qeyk.
qela (HB//GF/OK) = fortress. See Kela.
qelafet m. (-§; ). outward appearance, figure,
shape, form, looks, build (of one's body) [§ikle la§]:
• Ew bi qelafete xwe ye girs ji cih§ xwe
pengizi bu ft mina zarokeki kefxwe§ dibfi
(SF 7 [intro]) He. with his large build, jumped up
from his place and rejoiced like a child, [also:
qilafet (K); [qalafat oJYi /qiiafe aiLi ] (JJ)} {syn:
bejnbal; dilqe; qilix 1) Cf. T kiyafet < Ar qiyafah
Y
AiUi = costume, guise'; Sor qelafet oa*Y« =
'strapping figure, imposing stature'
[ SF/ IFb/GF/TF//JJ//K]
qelak (L) = pressed dung. See qelax.
qelandin vt. (-qelin-J. 1) [< Ar qala = 'to
roast'] (syn: bira§tin) to roast; {syn: qewrandin II) to
fry (JB3): -go§t qelandin (IF) to roast meat;
2) [< Ar qala‘a = ’to uproot’] {syn: qir kirin) to
destroy, uproot, extirpate: -k’ok qelandin (K/B)
to annihilate, destroy [lit. 'to pull up by the roots’]:
• Weki Q. Memo wi Halida dit, we §eher
xirab ke u k’ok’a me biqeline (Z-l) If Q. sees
Mem in this condition, he’ll sack the city and
annihilate us. {also: [qalandin] (JJ);
<qelandin jjaY' (diqeline) (HH))
JZ-1/K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH] <patin; pijandin>
477
Q _
qela§tin vt. (-qele§-). 1) to tear, rip, split,
crack: *Zike wi diqele§e (J) She rips open his
stomach. ( also: qeli§andin; [qalachtin] s (JJ);
<qela§tin QzJtDte (diqeli§e) (HH))
[J/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ]
qelat (A/SK) = fortress. See kela.
qelax f. ( ;-e). large pile of pressed dung (K);
dung piled up in the form of a pyramid (K); large
dung heap (Ag): *Bavo, ev gel kele§ hebun,
bajare Diyarbekre xisti bun qelake (L)
father, there were 40 brigands, who made a
shambles out of Diyarbakir (?=turned the city into a
dung heap?) [Amis, il y avait 40 brigands qui
avaient mene la ville de Diyarbekr a deux doigts de
sa perte]. {also: qalax (A/IFb/GF); qelak (L);
<qalax> (HH)) ( syn: lode ke§kuran (IF); sergo)
[Ag/K/B/7A/IFb/HH/GF] <deve II; k’erme; peyin;
sergin; t’epik II>
qelb I (IFb/HH) = false; dishonest. See qelp I.
qele <*J*> (IFb) = fortress. See kela.
qelefiski -qelefiski (K//J J)/qelefistiki
(Btm)/qulofiski runi§tin (Ag) to squat, kneel;
-li ser qeleviska (Qm§)/qilafiska rdni§tin
(Qzl) do. { also: qelefistiki (Btm); qelevisk (Qm§);
qerefiski (B); qilafisk (Qzl); qulofiski (Ag); [kalafisk
rou-nichtin] d~UlT(JJ)} {syn: *tutik (Qrj))
cf. Ar qurfusa’ j = 'squatting position' [K//JJ//B]
<garmergi; gok>
qelefistiki (Btm) = squatting, kneeling. See
qelefiski.
qelem f./m.(Bw) (-a/-e;-e/). (ink) pen; pencil
(B). [also: [qalem] ^is (JJ); <qelem> ^Jbf (HH)} ( syn:
pends) < Ar qalam <Lat calamus & Gr kalamos
KcxAcxp .05 [K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/Bw//JJ]
qelemzireg f. (). pencil, {also: qelemzreg
(JB3/IFb)| < qelem = 'pen' + zireg = 'lead' (mineral)
[BX/K/GF//JB3/IFb] <qelem>
qelemzreg (JB3/IFb) = pencil. See
qelemzireg.
qelen m. (-e; ). money paid by bridegroom
to bride's family; trousseau given to the fiancee,
which the parents keep for [the newly wed couple?]
(JJ); price of purchasing a wife (JJ); bride-price,
bridewealth (B) [Cf. T ba§lik]: *Keg 5 a miran bi
qelene gavana nay£ (L[1937]/Dz) For the
daughter of an emir, a cowherd’s trousseau won’t
do [prv.] •Min t’ir§ ew bona qelen nikarin
p’evk’evin yane ji ape Milo naxwaze qiza
xwe bide min (Ba2-#2, p.207) I imagine that
they cannot agree on the bride-price or that Uncle
Milo does not want to give his daughter to me.
[also: qalen (A); qalind II (HB); qelend; qeleng
(OK); qelin (FK-kk-1); qelind (IFb); [qalin/qalan]
<jj s (JJ); <qalan> (HH)) [syn: next) Sor qelen
Cf. T galin [Emirdagi-Afyon; Sungurlu-
Qorum; Malatya; Gaziantep; Telin, Guriin-Sivas;
Pmarba§i-Kayseri; Nigde] = 'the money which the
groom gives to the bride's family' (DS, v. 6 ); Rus
kalym K aAHM. for a description of this practice
see: B. Nikitine. Les Kurdes : etude sociologique et
historique (Paris : Imprimerie Nationale : Librairie
C. Klincksieck. 1956), pp. 108-9 [HB//K/B/JB 1 -S/
GF/TF//A//IFb//FK-kk-l//HH//JJ//DS//OK] <cihaz;
dermali>
qelend jJ= bride-price. See qelen.
qeleng (OK) = bride-price. See qelen.
qelet (F/K) = mistake; wrong. See xelet.
qelevisk (Qm§) = squatting, kneeling. See
qelefiski.
qeleWjJ^ adj. plump, fat, stout, obese (ofpeople &
animals):* Subey zd Sadiq Beg deh pez6t
qelew inan, do xulam be gek digel xo
birin, gd ber dere kini§te, Tawesta (SK
26:238) Early next morning Sadiq Beg brought ten
fat sheep, took two unarmed followers with him
and went to the door of the synagogue and
stopped, j also: <qelew> Qi (HH)) {syn: k’ok I[l];
Y
xurt [3]; ^jar; ^zirav) Sor qelewZa qelaw
(Todd) (qelew[t]i) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/
TF/OK]
qelewi f. ( ;-ye). fatness, plumpness, obesity,
stoutness. { also: qelewti (B-2)} [K/IFb/B/GF/TF]
<qelew>
qelewti (B) = fatness. See qelewi.
qelibandin vt (-qelibin-). to force s.o. to
meet s.o. else; to cause to collide, knock together:
•Qwike beytik gu xwe li gelike teyre
S§mir qeliband d car di vegeriya d car di
xwe le qeliband (L) The sparrow went and
threw herself at the Simurgh's chick, and came
back, and darted at it again •HdnS me li belake
biqelibinin (L) You will drag us into a disaster.
[L/K/IFb] <qulibin>
qelin ^*5 (FK-kk-1) = bride-price. See qelen.
478
qelind aJ *5 (IFb) = bride-price. See qelen.
qeli§andin vt. (-qeli§in-). 1 ) to tear, rip
(vt.) ; 2) to crack, split (vt). {also: keli§andin
(Bw/Zx); qela§tin; <qeli§andin (diqeli§ine)
(HH)} [Ba3/K/IFb/HH/GF//Bw/Zx]
<qeli§in> See also qela§tin.
qeli§in vi. (-qeli§-). 1) to tear, rip (vi.) ; 2) to
crack, split (vi.) ; to break, snap (vi.) ; 3) to come
apart, {also: keli§in (Bw/Zx); <keli§in> ^..d.C(JR);
[qelechin] (JJ); <qeli§in (diqeli§i)
C c yU3j_)>( [JR/Bw/Zx//K/IFb/HH/GF//JJ] <qeli§andin>
qeli§tek J«*i (K) = hole; crack. See qeli§tek.
qeli§tok (B) = hole; crack. See qeli§tek.
qeli f. (-ya; ). meat which is roasted in fat
• •
[dohn] and then kept in a cold place (or frozen)
for as long as a year, to be saved for consumption
during the winter [cf. drippings], {also: [qeli] (JJ);
<qeli> 'Js (HH)) [Bw/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
SK/TF/OK] <go§t; qelandin [1]>
qelibotk /. (). humorous anecdote, [svn:
qirwelk) [Rwn/Z-#839-#925] <givanok>
qeli§tek os f. (-a;-e). aperture, opening,
orifice; hole; crack, slit, fissure, crevice (in a wall):
• Li ort’a kevir qeli§tekek hebu (EP-8) in the
middle of the rock there was an opening. | also:
keli§tek (JB3); qeli§tek (K); qeli§tok (B); qeli§tok (B-
2)) {syn: derz; kel§; terk) [EP-8//K//JB3]
qeli§tok (B) = hole; crack. See qeli§tek.
qeip I adj. 1) false, falsified, counterfeit, forged,
spurious, fake(d); 2) dishonest, insincere,
dissimulating, hypocritical: *Bire qelpe befahm
diven; “Mire me, biraki wi ji hebu, nave
wi Osiv bu, ew ji mina vi xirav bu, le me
take ew batmi§ kir be ser-berate” (Ba3-3,
#38) The dishonest, merciless brothers say: ‘'Our
emir, he had a brother named Joseph who was as
bad as him, but one day we did away with him
without leaving a trace.” I also: qelb I (IF-2); [qalb]
v J s (JJ); <qelb> v Ji (HH)) <Ar qalb verbal
noun of qalaba = 'to turn, overturn; to change’
—> P qalb vJs = ’counterfeit, base'; T kalp =
'counterfeit; (person) who is not what he appears to
v
be'; Sor qelb = ’false, faked, counterfeit’
|qelp[t]i) [MC-l/F/K/IFb/B/GF//JJ/HH]
qelp II m. (-e; ). shell, rind, peel; bark:
•Kezan—mestir in <1 qelpke wan mukumtir
e—b§wk bigilktir in <1 qelpk§ wan naziktir
e (Bw) Kezan [type of terebinth seed] are larger and
their shell is harder— bewk are smaller and their
shell is softer; -ji qelp [§qelp] kirin (Bw) to peel
(e.g., a banana) [syn: spi kirin). {also: qelpik (Bw-
2/IFb); qelpi§k (Bw-2)) {syn: qalik; qa§il; tivil)
<NENA qulpa lB\n = ’skin, rind, bark’ (Maclean)
< Syr qolpo \£\n = ’bark, rind, husk, peel’ & Arc
qelaf fpj? = ’to peel, pare’ [Bw//IFb]
qelpik JLI** (Bw/IFb) = shell, peel. See qelp II.
qelpi ^*3 f. ( ;-ye). 1 ) falsity, trickery, deception,
••
cheating; 2 ) insincerity, dishonesty, hypocrisy, dis¬
simulation {also: qelpti (K-2/B-2)) [F/K/B] <qelp I>
qelpi§k (Bw) = shell, peel. See qelp II.
qelpti Jos (K/B) = falsity, trickery; dishonesty. See
qelpi.
qelq <*3 f. (). 1 ) agitation, upset (K[s]/JB3); 2 )
motion, movement: *Nexwe§iya hewayi li
re§ayiye qelqen eskeri en mezin aciz dike
(RN) Airsickness on land frustrates large military
movements. < Ar qalaq ^jb = 'upset, concern,
worry’ [RN/K(s)/JB3/GF]
qels I adj. 1 ) {syn: lawaz [ 2 ]; sist [ 1 ]; zeyf [ 2 ];
^xurt) weak, feeble, decrepit; 2 ) [syn: jar I; lawaz;
lexer; narin; zeyf; zirav I) lean, puny (JB3/HH); 3)
{syn: beker; p’ugp] [ 2 ]) useless, worthless (K/IF):
• ...Her giqas qenc hatibe ditin ji, niha ew
bingeh u awaye idareyan qels b[fl]ye,
beker ma ye (RN) No matter how good it may
have seemed, now the foundation and structure of
leadership is of no use, has become worthless.
{also: <qels> (HH)) Iqelsi)
[Msr/RN/K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK]
qels II f. (-a; ). dense crowding together of fish
(in a river) during the coldest [40 days] of the
winter (komcivina masiya li gille zivistane). [Zx]
<guhnel; masi>
qelsi /. (). 1) I syn: sisti [1]; zeifi [2]) weakness;
»•
2) leanness (JB3); 3) uselessness, worthlessness (IF).
[A/JB3/IF/GF] <qels I>
qel§ jJ<\3 (K/A/IFb/GF/TF) = crack. See kel§.
qelftn f. (-a;-§). 1) smoking-pipe: •Qelfina
bav§ min tiji titiin e (AB) My father's pipe is
full of tobacco; 2) {syn: lule) pipe, tube, {also: qelin
(K/B); [qaloun] Q$b (JJ); <qelun> c y*_li (HH)} Cf.
Ar yalyun Za qeylani f. (Todd)
[AB/JB3/IFb/HH/JJ/GF//K/B] <bagek; cigare; lule;
serik [ 2 ]>
479
Q
qemg f. (-a; ). tail (of a horse , donkey) (Frq);
tail (of goats) (IFb/JJ/HH): -qemga hespe
(Frq/Srk) horse’s tail; -qemga ker§ (Frq/Srk)
donkey’s tail; -qemgka bizine (Srk) goat’s tail
{syn: duve bizine (Frq)). {also: qemg[i]k (Srk-2);
[qamtchik] (JJ); <qemgik> (HH)} {syn:
bog’[ik]; del II; k’ilk; kuri I (Bw); ten 1}
[Frq/Srk/IFb//JJ/HH] <duv; qemgik>
qemgik f. (-a; ). 1) {also: qemg) tail (of goats)
(IFb/JJ/HH): -qemgka bizine (Srk) goat’s tail {syn:
duve hizine (Frq)); 2) ponytail (Frq/Srk/A/IFb).
[also: qemgk (Srk-2); [qamtchik] s (JJ);
<qemgik> J&oS (HH)) [Frq/Srk/A/IFb/JJ/HH]
<qemg>
qemgk (Srk) = tail. See qemg[ik].
qemgor j (LY) = animal tax. See qamgur.
qem«e <^<>3 f ( ;*e/*eye). dagger, {also: qame (IF);
qime (B); <qame> (HH)) {syn: kahur (IF);
xencer) [K/F/Ba2/JR//IFb/HH//B] <k’er; sileh; §ur>
qemer adj. 1) {syn: demqemer) dark-
complected, dark-complexioned, swarthy; 2) black
(of horses) (K/JJ/HH/GF). {also: qimer (B);
[qamer/qamar (PS)] ^ (JJ); <qemer> (HH)) Cf.
NA kuma Ldo- 2 * = 'hlack' < Arc ukama XfaDIX; cf.
also T kumral = 'brown (haired)' [Kmc-
2/K/A/IFh/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//B] <re§>
qemirin (IFb) = to freeze; to he numb. See
qerimin.
qemi ^*3 adv. perhaps, maybe: *£ak ewe em her
do xo tecribe bikeyn, qemi gareyeki
bikeyn, bi§kinin (SK 6:66) It would be best for
us both to try and see if we can’t somehow manage
to rend it. {also: <qemi (Hej)) (syn: belki;
gedibit [seege]) [Hk/Zeb/SK/OK/Hej]
qemis m. (-e; ). shirt, {syn: i§lik; kiras [1];
qutik) <Ar qamis < Sp camisa [Bw/Zeb/RZ]
qem-qanat obis ^ (EP-4) = stature; build. See
qedqamet.
qenaet ^/qena'et [SK/OK] m./f.(SK/GF)
(-§/-a; ). 1) satisfaction, contentment: -bi ft-i
qenaet kirin (JR)/qenaet§ xwe kirin (K) to be
satisfied or contented with, to make do with:
•[Melayi s§ pist girtine, disani bi wan
qenaet nake] (JR-1) The mullah grabbed three
goatskins, but he still wasn't satisfied; 2) convic¬
tion, being convinced (OK), {also: qinyat (IFb-
2/GF/TF); [qanaet] » (JJ); <qina'et> o^Ls (HH)}
< Ar qana‘ah apUs = ’satisfaction, contentment;
being convinced' — > P qana'at & T kanaat
[K/IFb/JR/TG2//SK/OK//JJ//HH//GF/TF] <qane>
qenc ^<*3 adj. 1) {syn: ba§; ge; rind; xwe§; =Sor gak;
xas) good: *Heya go qenc Teyre SSmir j§
biheci (L) Until the Simurgh got good and mad at
her; 2) well, healthy; whole, unharmed: -qenc
biin (B) to get well, to (he) heal(ed): *0 g’ev§ wi
ji qenc btiye (Ba) And his eye also became well
(=was cured), {also: [qendj] (JJ); <qenc> gc3
(HH)) (qenci) [BX/K/A/JB3/IFh/B/JJ/ HH/JB1-
S/GF/TF/OK]
qenci f. (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: gaki; xer I)
goodness: •Em wera qenciye dixwazin
(Ba2:2, p.206) We mean you no harm [lit. 'we want
goodness for you']; 2) (syn: gaki) a favor; a good
turn: *V§ qenciy§ bi min biki, ez ji ez§
qencike mezin li te bikim (L) [If] you do me
this favor, I will do you a hig favor; -bin qenciya
fk-e derk’etin (XF) to absolve oneself of one’s
indebtedness to s.o., to repay one’s debt [lit. 'to
come out from under s.o.’s favor or goodness']:
• Ti§tek mi ne lazime, lao, le weki tu min
rasti mire misre bini, Kesabke ku tu bin
qenciya min derk’eti (Ba-1, #24) I don’t need
anything, hoy, hut if you arrange for me to meet
the emir of Egypt, consider yourself to have repaid
your deht. {also: [qendji] i ^c3 (JJ))
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/0K] <qenc>
qendari m. (). type of wheat: dark brown
[reddish] in color, its spikes are widely spaced
apart; ripens early and is full of starch (A), {also:
qendehari (A/IFh/GF); <qendehari> (HH);
<qendehari> (Hej)) <P Qandahar =
city in Afghanistan [Qzl//A/IFb/HH/GF/Hej]
<genim>
qendehari (A/IFb/GF/HH/Hej) = type of
• i
wheat. See qendari.
qender (K2-Ferik) = amount. See qeder I.
qent’er j*j 3<>3 f. (-a;-e). train of camels: •Hema
qelen§ qiz§ min—Heft qent’er deve, bar§
wana lal dir, cewahir (IS-#179) But the
price of my daughters is: seven trains of camels
loaded up with rubies and pearls; -qent’era
deva (B) do. {syn: bo§ III) <Ar qitar jUrf —> T katar
= 'string, file, or train of animals’ [IS/F/K/B] <deve
I; He§tir; lok’ II>
480
qentirme (Wit] = rein. See qet’irme,
qepqep y<ub-« (IFb) = cooing. See qebqeb.
qeqibin (IFb) = to coo (of partridges). See
qebin.
qer nr. (-§; ). debt: «Me ew pare hem! ji
serafan qer kiriye, noke qeri dixazin. Me
ji gu pare niye. Ew qere ji me bi hiwiya
cenab§ beg! kiriye (SK 54:599) We borrowed
all this money from the bankers and now they
want their loan back. We have no money. We
incurred this debt in anticipation of your honor's
(honoring it); -qere xwe razi kirin (Hk) to pay
off one’s debt, {also: qerd II (IFb-2/GF-2/OK-2);
qerz (K[s]/IFb-2/GF-2); [qar Jj/qarz j] (}J)} {syn:
deyn II) < Ar qard j=>J [Hk/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/OK//K(s)]
qeragi (K/B) = Gypsy. See qeregi.
♦ v
qeralt’uk Jyd\j*s % f. (B) = indistinct figure in the
distance; ghost. See qeret’d.
qeran jb** vt./vi. (-qer-). [+ je] to stop, cease,
leave off or quit doing stg.: •Min je qereha = Ez
je qeram (Mdt) I quit doing it. {also: qerehan
(Mdt-2); [qarin] j (JJ)1 {syn: dest je k’i§andin; dev
je berdan; hi§tin; ji ... rabun; t’erkandin)
[Mdt/TF //JJ]
qerar J\j<& (JB3/HH/SK/GF/LY) = decision; command;
reign; agreement; promise; custom. See qirar.
qerargeh jtofj)f. (-a; ). (military) headquarters:
•qerargeha Hevalbendan a mezin (RN) main
Allied headquarters. { also: qirarge (K)) < P qarargah
olf,1 Ji = residence, abode'; T karargah =
'headquarters’ [RN/IFb/GF//K]
qerase jdi adj. huge, enormous, gigantic: # Em
gawa dikarin eri§i fil&n weha qerase ku bi
qasi Xwede mezin in, bikin Siltane min?
(SF 29) My Sultan, how could we attack elephants,
that are as big as God? {also: qirase (IFb-2)) {syn:
girs;gumreh) [SF/IFb/TF]
qera§ (K[s]/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF) = miller. See
kera§.
qerati j<u = indistinct figure in the distance; ghost.
•*
See qeret’fl.
qeraPu^'b^ (K) = indistinct figure in the distance;
ghost. See qeret’d.
qeratuk J^b** (EP-7) = indistinct figure in the
distance; ghost. See qeret’ti.
qerat’ulk JU^b** = indistinct figure in the distance;
ghost. See qeret’ti.
qerawil Jj) j<£ (B) - guard, sentry. See qerewil.
qerawili j *s (B) = guard duty. See qerewilti.
qerawilti jos (B) = guard duty. See qerewilti.
qerawil Jjj)(GF) = guard, sentry. See qerewil.
qerawili JbJj 43 (GF) = guard duty. See qerewilti.
qerax nr. (K/IFb/GF) = edge. See qirax.
qerba§ j <\3 (L-Mi§o) = servant. See qerwa§.
qerg’im ^*3 (B) = wrinkle. See qermigok.
qerg’imandin jjoLyjAs (B/K) = to wrinkle; to fade. See
qermig’andin.
qerg’imin (K/B] = to be wrinkled; to fade (vi.)
See qermig’in.
qerg’imok (B) = wrinkle. See qermigok.
qergimek (GF] = wrinkle. See qermigok.
qerd I jj*5 adj. mature, adult; large (B): -qerd btin =
to mature, grow up: # Qiza te ji qird buye,
ce’nua te ji mezin bdye (Z-921) Both your
daughter has matured, and your colt bas grown;
-Heywane qird (B) cattle (=cows, oxen, water
buffalo] as opposed to pez = sheep and goats.
{also: qird (B/Z-921)} (^cahil; ^nestel; ^xam)
[Z-921/B//K]
qerd II jjaj (IFb/GF/OK) = debt. See qer.
qerdar adj. in debt, indebted, owing: «Htin
qerdari me ne (SK 54:599) You owe us some
money, {also: qerddar (IFb); qerzdar (K[s]/GF/TF);
[qarz-dar j)^y>/qardar (JJ)) {syn: deyndar)
Cf. P qarzdar j\±±j [SK/JJ/OK//IFb//K(s)/GF/TF]
qerddar (IFb) = in debt. See qerdar.
qerebalix ^Jbo j*3 f. ( ;-e). 1) [syn: k’im-k’imi;
qajeqaj; qalmeqal; qareqar; qireqir; §erqin) din,
noise, uproar, commotion; 2) crowd, mob; 3) [adj.]
crowded, {also: kerebalix (L); qelebalix (SK);
[qarabaliq] jJLo J (JJ)} < T kalabahk = 'crowd(ed)’
<Ar yalabah (= large amount, majority) verbal
noun of Vy-l-b = 'to vanquish; to prevail,
predominate’ +- T -hk abstract noun ending; cf also
Turoyo yalabe = 'much, very’ [L//K/B/GF//JJ//SK]
qereba§i ^Lo >j *3 in. (). servant; slave: «ttevt derg§
• •
bave min hene ji polane / T’emami bi
qereba§i, p’elewane (Z-l) My father has 7 gates
of steel, / replete with servants and knights. [Z-l/L]
See also qerwa§.
qereg (SK) = Gypsy. See qeregi.
qeregi nr. (). 1) {syn: a§iq (IF); begzade [2];
bo§e (K/F); dome (Wn); MirPib) Gypsy; 2) {syn:
a§iq [2]; begzade [2]) musician, {also: qeragi (K/B);
481
qereg (SK); [karach] ^-1 J (JJ); <qeregi> (HH)}
Cf. Iraqi Ar qaraj = 'Gypsy'; Sor qerec
[IFb/A/HH/GF//K/B//SK//JJ]
qerefil JiojAi, m. (B) = carnation; clove; nosering. See
qerefil.
qerefil f. ( ;-e). 1) {also: qerenfil (K/F);
qerenfil (IFb/GF); [qarafil/karafil (Lx) Jil j
/karunfol (G)/karanftl (Rh) J & j] (JJ); <qerafil> Jil j
(HH)| carnation, bot. Diantliusplumarius ; 2) clove
(spice); 3) {also: qerefil, m. (B); qerenfil (IF); [karafil
(Lx) Jil J /karunfol (G)/karanfll (Rh) j] (JJ);
<qerafil> Jil j (HH)) (syn: xizem) nosering; golden
nose ornaments in tbe sbape of chamomile flowers
[Rus romaski poManiKH], for women (Ba):
•Xizema poz, qa§, qerefil, guhare zer xala
suretra §erbun (Ba-1, #17) The nosering,
precious stone, nosering, [and] golden earrings
were fighting with the birthmark on [her] cheek.
<Gr karyophyllon Kotpuo^AAov + Mod Gr karioffli
Kcxpuo4>ij?LAi <karyo- = ’(wal)nut' + phyllon = ’leaf:
Ar/P qaranful Jj* s j - 'carnation; clove’; T/S-Cr
karanfil; Bulg karamfil KapaM$HA
[Ba/K/B/GF//F//IFb//JJ/HH]
qerefiski (B) = squatting, kneeling. See
qelefiski.
qerehan jUojAi (Mdt) = to stop doing stg. See qeran.
qeremac (GF) = spades (in card games). See
qeremag.
qeremag ^-Lojas m. (). spades (suit in deck of cards).
{also: qeremac (GF); <qeremag> ^Lojaj (Hej)) [syn:
mage) < T kara = 'black' + T maga = 'spades (in
cards)’ [Elk/Hej//GF]
qeremtin (M-Am) = to freeze; to be numb. See
qerimin.
qerenfil J J 6 oj<£ (K/F) = carnation; clove; nosering. See
qerefil.
qerenfil J-jfco jas (IFb/GF) = carnation; clove; nosering.
See qerefil.
qereqft§ jijyojAs (). bird of prey; hawk, kite, zool.
family Accipitridae (K): -teyreki qerequ§ (EP-7)
do. < T karaku§ = 'black eagle’ [EP-7/K]
qeresi f. [ ;-y§). cherry; sour cherry (IFb).
•«
{syn: gelaz) Cf. Ar karaz T kiraz
[K/(A)/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ]
qeret’H Rojas' mJf(B) (-§/ ; /-£). 1) {syn: re§ [2])
indistinct figure (obscured by darkness, distance, or
mist) ; silhouette: •Dtirva qeret’ftk xuya dike
(Z-l) in the distance a silhouette (=figure) is visible
•qeratftke we k’if§ dike (EP-7) His indistinct
figure appears; 2) apparition, ghost (K/B). {also:
qeralt’uk, f. (B); qerati; qerat’u (K); qeratuk (EP-7);
qerat’ulk; [qaraltou ditin] gpqj^Jl j (JJ) = [voir peu
a cause de l’eloignement = to see little due to the
distance]) < T karalti = ’indistinct figure’ [Z-l/EP-
7//K//B//JJ] <re§ [2]; sinahi>
qeretun c j &oj<£ f. (-a; ). 1) {syn: berfiravink (Bw)}
mid-morning coffee break (Msr); 2) first breakfast,
meal before breakfast (IF/JB3). [Msr/K(s)/JB3/IF]
<ta§te>
qerewil J \ 3 oj<^ m. (). guard, sentinel, sentry,
watchman: •Delale, Kevt derg£ bavd min ji
hene bi Kesini, / T’emam qerewil,
qereba§e ber sekini (Z-l) My darling, my father
bas seven gates of iron, / Watchmen and guards
stand before tbem. {also: qerawil (B); qerawil (GF);
[qaraoul] JJ J (JJ)) {syn: pawan I) < T karavul =
'guard, outpost’ — > Rus karaul KapayA = 'guard'
(qerawil[t]i; qerawili; qerewil[t]i) [Z-1/K//B//JJ//GF]
qerewili ^J^ojas (K) = guard duty. See qerewilti.
qerewilti f. [ ;-ye). guard duty: *Her
merik du seheta qerewiltiye dik§inin
(FK-kk-13:128) Each man stands guard for 2 hours.
{also: qerawil[t]i (B); qerawili (GF); qerewili (K)}
[syn: nobet] [K//B//GF] <qerewil>
qerex £*jaj = edge. See qirax.
qerf «JjaS f. ( ;-e). joke, pleasantry: »Her wiha
peyven mecazi ku ji bo nifir, g£r ft qerfan
tene bikaranin ji bi berfirehi di nava ve
be§e de cih digirin (AW70C2) Also,
metaphorical words which are used for curses,
abuses and jokes are abundantly represented in this
section »Vi all ft wi all avdtin [sic] henek ft
qerfikan, bi hev re listin (AW69B4) They
cracked all kinds of jokes [lit.'to this side and that
side they threw jokes'], and frolicked together;
-qerf le/pe kirin (K) to tease s.o., play a joke on
s.o. {syn : Kenek; pek’enok; tewz; tinaz; tirane;
yari II) [K/A/IFb/B/GF]
qerik Jj*i (L) = throat. See qirik I.
qerimgik (GF) = wrinkle. See qermigok.
qerimin ^^jAs/qerimin [K] vi. (-qerim-/
-qerim-). 1) {syn: cemidin; qefilin [1]; qerisin;
qe§a girtin) to freeze up (vi.), be frozen; to turn to
ice: «lna pi§ti hingi em hemi hatine mal,
482
em qeremtin sermada, me bo xo sope hel-
kirin, me xo li ber direj kir (M-Am #716)
Then, after that, we all came home and we were
frozen with cold, and we stoked up the stove for
■
ourselves and stretched out in front of it; 2) { syn:
qefilin [2]; westiyan) to tire (vi.), become tired:
• Qave min li riya te qerimin (Frq) I'm sick
and tired of waiting for you; 3) to be sluggish (of
rivers, feet, etc., under strong pressure) (B); to be
numb, go to sleep (of feet, etc.) (A/IFb/GF); 4) to
thicken, harden (B). {also: qemirin (IFb-2);
qeremtin (M-Am); [qaremin] ji (JJ); <qerimin
o -yj (diqerimi) (HH)}
[K//A/B/IFb/HH/GF/Frq//JJ//M-Am] <qefilTn;
simirin>
qerisin ^.^jWqerisin [K] vi. (-qeris-/
-qeris- [K]). 1) to be cold (Kg/IFb); 2) {syn:
cemidin; qefilin [l]; qerimin; qe§a girtin} to freeze
(vi.), be frozen (K/HH). {also: <qerisin
(diqerisi) (HH)) [Kg/IFb/HH//K] <qe§a;
sar; sur I>
qermig’andin ^,*3 vt. (-qermig’in-). 1) to
wrinkle, rumple (clothes or skin) (vt.) : ru
qermig’andin (JJ) to scowl, make a face; 2) to
fade, wither (vt) (K). ( also: qerg’imandin (B/K);
qurgimandin (F); qurmigandin (IF-2);
[qyrmitchandin] j (JJ); <qurmigandin
jjjUw j (diqurmigine) (HH))
[A/IFb//HH//JJ//B/K//F]
qermig’in vi. (-qermig’-). l) to be
wrinkled, puckered (clothes or skin) : *Me’de wi
qermig’i (Z-2) He made a face [lit. ’His appetite
wrinkled (or faded)’]; 2) (syn: g’ilmisin) to fade,
wither (K). {also: qerg’imin (K-2/B); qermijin (K[s]);
qurgimin (F); qurmigin (IFb-2); [qyrmitchin] ^J
(JJ); <qermigin j (diqermigi) (HH))
[Z-2/K/IFbHH//JJ //B//K(s)//F] <qermig , andin>
qermigok (A/IFb) = wrinkle. See qermigok.
qermijin (K[s]) = to be wrinkled; to fade (vi.) .
See qermig’in.
qermigok /. ( ;-£). wrinkle, fold, crease;
furrow (in brow): •bird li mirov dibin cot,
mirfiz tir§ ft talo, qermftgek li eniya mirov
gSdibin (Wit 2:59, p.12) One’s brow becomes
pair[ed], morose, sour and bitter, wrinkles form on
one’s brow «Eni bft qermigok / Herdft birft
gihan hev (Cxn-KE: rencbere birumet) The
forehead became wrinkle[d] / The eyebrows came
together [lit. ’reached one another’], {also:
qerg’im[ok] (B); qergimek (GF); qerimgik (GF-2);
qermigok (A/IFb); qermugek (Wit 2:59, p.12);
qurmigong (TF); [qarmoutchek Ji / qyrmach
jiLy>] (JJ)) Cf. Ar karmasah Jf = ’fold, crease,
wrinkle’ [Cxn-KE//B//GF//A/IFb//Wlt /JJ//TF]
qermugek s (Wit 2:59, p.l2/JJ) = wrinkle. See
qermigok.
qerni (GF) = tick. See qirni.
••
qerpal JLjaj m. (). 1) overcoat (Rwn); 2) [syn:
pertal) rags (A); ragged, worn-out clothing
(IFb/HH). ( also: <qerpal> JLj> (HH)}
[EP-7/K/A/IFb/HH/GF]
qerp’ftz m.(K)/f.(EP-7) ( ; /-e). 1) {syn: saxiri
(Z-l/EP-7); lerku (EP-7)} croup, crupper, rump of a
quadruped: •Dizgine ser qerp’ftzeda
dadixine (EP-7) He lowers the bridle onto the
croup/?saddle [of the horse]; 2) pommel (of saddle,
sword, etc.) (PS/JJ); ?saddle (EP-7). {also: [qarpouz]
(JJ)) [EP-7/K/JJ]
qerqa§ adj. snow wbite, bright white: -'eniya
qerqa§ (B) snow-white forehead; -miya qerqa§
(B) white ewe. {also: <qereqa§> U J (HH)} {syn:
gil-sipi ) [Ag/Kmc-2/K/IFb/B/GF//HH] <spi I>
qerqe§e (IFb) = commotion. See qerqe§ftn II.
qerqe§um j *3 (K) - lead. See qerqe§ftn I.
qerqe§un I f. ( ;-e). lead (chemical
element: Pb). {also: qerqe§um (K); qer§un (IFb);
[kurguschun] (JJ)) {syn: zireg) Chagatay
quryasun T kur§un; NENA qerqushim
(Maclean); Sor qurqu§im \jj»\ Za qirqi§un (Mai)
[B//K//IFb//JJ]
qerqe§ftn II (). commotion, uproar: *xwe
nexapinin, hftn mer in, hftn leheng in, we
gelek qerqe§ftn derbas kirine (Wit 2:59, p.2)
Don’t fool yourselves, you’re men, you’re heroes,
you have been through a lot of commotion, [also:
qerqe§e (IFb)) Cf. Sor qerqe§e i/xerxe§e
[Wlt/TF)
qerqod*e o m. (•£; ). 1) skeleton; 2) wreckage
(of airplane, car, etc.), {also: qerqote (IFb); qerqftde
(Kmc-6/TF/OK-2)) [Dh/OK/AA//Kmc-6/TF//IFb]
<kilox = qehf>
qerqote j*& (IFb) = skeleton. See qerqode.
qerqude o^Sj^s (Kmc-6/TF/OK) = skeleton. See
qerqode.
483
Q
qer§un (IFb) = lead. See qerqe§un I.
qertel JaSjaS (K/IFb/B/GF/OK) = vulture, eagle. See
xertel.
qerwa§ /. (-a; ). female servant, maidservant:
•Ya stiya Zine, hege ez hatime oda te, te
gazi ki qerwa§e te (Z-2) Lady Zin, if it is I wbo
has come to your room, call your servants, {also:
qerba§ (L-Mi§o); qerwe§, m. (K); qewra§ (Z-3);
[qaravach] (JJ); <qerwa§> J^\ 3 J (HH)} | syn:
cari) < T karava§ = 'female slave’
[IFb/HH/GF//JJ//K] See also qereba§i.
qerwelk JJ (Qm§) = anecdotes. See qirwelk.
qerwe§ jic m. (K] = servant. See qerwa§.
qerz (K[s]/IFb/GF) = debt. See qer.
qerzdar jbj \j<& (K[s]/GF/TF) = in debt. See qerdar.
qesabxane aUjUaS (K/IFb/B) = slaughterhouse. See
qesebxane.
qesapxane Ails* Las (GF) = slaughterhouse. See
qesebxane.
qesd A f. (-a;-§). intention, plan; aim, goal,
purpose: -qesda ft-i kirin (K) to make for, head
for, bend one's steps toward, set out after, intend:
•Wextd bu zistan, disa Arti§i her weku
caran Tabu, gu Musile, qesda mala doste
xo kir [SK 31:279) When it was winter the
Artushi rose again, as before, went to Mosul and
made for his friend's house # Xelke go be li ser
kursiya zer runin, qesda qiza wi dikin (L)
People who come sit on tbe gold chair, are coming
for [i.e., are intending to marry] his daughter, [also:
qest (B/SK-2/JB1-A&S/GF-2/TF); [qasd] a^s (JJ);
<qesd> (HH)) (syn: armanc; net) < Ar qasd a^s
= 'intention, object, goal'
[L/K/JB3/IFb/SK/GF//B//JJ/HH]
qese a-*as (OK/Hk) = talk; bad words. See qise.
qeseb (K) = oath. See qesem.
qesebxan*e ajU*ja*>aS f. (•a;«e). slaughterhouse;
butcher shop, {also: qesabxane (K/IFb/B);
qesapxane (GF); <qessabxane> AildwLaS (HH)) <Ar
qassab = 'butcher' + P xaneh a;U = 'house';
Sor qesabxane [Bw//K/IFb/B//HH//GF]
qesef iiA«*> A9 (L) = cage. See qefes.
qesel Ja-*as m./f.(B) (-§/ ; /-§). stalks of straw
remaining after the harvest, [also: <qesel>
(HH)) < Ar qasal = 'chaff, husks, shucks, awns,
stalks (of grain)'; Sor qeser (Arbil)
[Zeb/K/A/IFb/B/HH/TF]
qesem m. Q. oath, vow. {also: qeseb (K);
<qesem> (HH)} {syn: sond) < Ar qasam
[Z-922/IFb/HH//K]
qesir ^ as (K/B/GF) = castle. See qesr.
qesil (IFb) = mat. See qisil.
qesis^^Ai* adj. greedy, miserly [T cimri; Fr avare,
radin]. {syn: gikus; giruk) [Nsb/TF]
qesp I f. (-a; ). dates, especially light [zer], dry
[hi§k] and hard [req[ ones , bot. Phoenix dactylifera.
{also: <qesp> ^ (HH); <qesp> (Hej)} {syn:
xiirme) Cf. Ar qasab ^ = 'cane, reed, stalk'; Sor
qesp ^*3 = kurkuje = ’Zahidi dates'
[Zeb/AA/Kmc-2/CB/IFb/HH/SK/GF/OK/Hej]
qesp II adj. solid (of a stone's interior)—the
quality of a flintstone. {=£ fisfisok = ku§) [Qzl/A]
<herheste>
qesr ^as f. (-a;-e). castle, palace; stone building,
mansion: -qesir h qhnax (Z-3) palace, {also: qesir
(K/B/GF); [kasser] (JJ); <qesr> (HH)}
< Ar qasr ^ < Lat castellum
[K/B/GF//(A)/JB3/IFb/HH/SK//JJ]
qest (B/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF) = plan; aim. See
qesd.
qe§*a Uas/! ( # a;»ae/ # e). 1) (sjm: cemed) ice:
•Min ew tasa geqilmest a ku hin qe§a we
neheliyabu ji deste we girtibfl, gend gulp
je vexwaribfi (KS, p.49) I took tbat cup of
geqilmast— in which the ice had not yet melted —
from her hands and drank a few gulps of it; -qe§a
girtin (IFb/B) to freeze (vi.) (IF); to be covered
with hoar-frost (B); 2) {syn: qirav; xusi) frost, hoar¬
frost. {also: qi§a (B); [qycha] Us (JJ); <qe§a> Us
(HH)) Cf. T ki§ = 'winter'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/GF/TF//B/JJ] <zivistan>
qe§e a£as in. (). Christian clergyman, priest, minister.
{also: [qacha/kasia (G)] Us (JJ)) <Syr qaso hen,
contracted form of qaslso Iajald = 'elder; ancestor;
priest, presbyter'; NENA qasa (Maclean: qasha) &
Turoyo qaso; cf. Ar qiss/qass qissls [clq
qassls], clq Baghdadi also kisis; P kasls Sor
qe§e aSas [K(s)/SK/OK//JJ] <der>
qe§mer jAoAaS m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: §emo) clown,
buffoon, laughingstock; comedian, jokester, jester:
Kesen ku behtir di diwanxaneyen miran
de pSkenok digotin carna weke
§anogerekx bi rola xwe ve radibun, ew
"qegmer" btin (CP, p.6) People who told jokes
484
Q
4
and sometimes acted out their stories, were
’'jesters"; 2) {syn: be ifitiram; emekheram; sakol}
jerk, fool; person without honor, bum, scoundrel
(Bw): •[K’eftar] fern dike ku §er bi hileyen
wi hesiyaye ... §er bang dike, dibeje: "...
Qe§mer@ teres, div£ ku ez careke din te li
hizfira xwe nebinim" (Wit 2:100, p. 13) [The
hyena] understands that the lion has caught onto
his ruses ... The lion shouts "... Worthless bum, I
don't want to see you in my presence ever again!"
{also: qe§mer (OK-2); <qe§mer> (HH))
{qe§mer[t]i} [Bw/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK]
qe§meri /. (). clowning, buffoonery, being a
• a
laughingstock; comedy, joking, jesting, {also:
qe§merti (A/IFb-2)} [IFb/GF/TF//A] <qe§mer>
qe§merti *3 (A/IFb) = clowning. See qe§meri.
##
qe§mer ^1^*9 (OK) = clown, fool. See qe§mer.
qe§randin jjjj>:*9 (FK-eb-l/Rwn) = to espy, catch sight
of. See qi§irandin.
qet o*ji adv. 1) any; ever: »Te iro qe hr! rist? (J)
Have you spun any wool today? «Te qe 'emre
xweda ditiye ewqas bedew dineda? (Z-l)
Have you ever in your life seen such a beautiful
one (in the world)?; 2) [+ neg.] (not) at all: *K 5 e
ku p’aki haj ji §ivantiye t’unebu, hew
zanibll, ku ew ti§tek! getin nine, ku §ivan
xwera nava kulilkada digefin ... h qet
xema wana nine (Ba2:l, p.203) Those who
were not well acquainted with shepherding thought
that it was something not very difficult, that
shepherds roam among the flowers ... and they
have no cares at all •Le kufe din§ qet te
dernexistin (Ba) But the other boys had not
guessed at all •Meriyed ku qe ti§tek ji je ne
lazimbllya (Ba) People who wouldn't need
anything at all »Tu qe negri ()) Don't you cry at
all; -qet ne be/bit (JB3) at least, {also: qe; [qat
Wqe *5 ] (JJ) } < Ar qat L'i
[Ba/K/A/fB3/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/0K//JJ]
qetandin vt. (-qetin-). to tear, break, snap
off, cut: »Eger xebera te derew be, eze
§llreki li stuy§ te dim, / Sere te ji gewd£ te
biqetinim (Z-2, p.68) If what you say is a lie, I
will take a sword to your neck, / I will sever your
head from your body # K£r dan §eriti,
qetandin (L) They took a knife to the rope,
tore/cut it. {also: [qatandin] ^ (JJ); <qetandin
Qjulx (diqetine) (HH)} Cf. Ar qata‘a ^ =
'to cut’ [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-S/ GF//JJ] <qetin>
qet’irm»e f. ( ;*e). rein; bridle: •Gem H
qentirmen hespa gawan in? (Wit 1:42, p.4)
How are the horses’ bits and bridles? {also:
qentirme (Wit)) {symbizmik [1]; celew I; dizgin;
gem; lixab] [F/B//Wlt] <gem>
qetin vi. (-qet-). 1) to split, crack, break (vi.) ,
tear, rip (vi.) : »Eze bigerim heyani sola min
biqete (L) I shall wander until my shoe cracks
•Baki tenik t’e§ie dixe, t’e§i diqete (J) A
light wind lifts the distaff, the distaff breaks; 2) [+ ji]
to take one’s leave of s.o., part company, separate
(vi.) : # Q. ji Meme qetiya (Z-l) Q. parted from
Mem; -ji hev qetin (K) to part company, take
one’s leave, {also: [qatiian] qUoS (JJ); <qetan jbs
(diqete) C*^-0> (HH)) Cf. Ar qata‘a & = ’to cut*
[L/K/IFb/B/GF//JJ//HH] <pigan; qetandin>
qevaztin vt. (-qevez-): -xwe qevaztin
(HYnia) to jump (over), leap: »Diya zarok@n
cewi xwe di ser zike nepixi re diav@t.
Diqevazt (HYma. p.34) The twins' mother
jumped over the bloated stomach. She leapt *Sofl
Teker, bi sivikayiya kero§kek£ xwe ber bi
§erifo de qevazt (HYma, p.43) Sofi Teker leapt
toward §erifo with the nimbleness of a rabbit.
{syn: geng III bun; pengizin) Cf. qevz dan (RZ) = 'to
jump' & qevizin (TF) = ’to jump over’ < Ar Vq-f-z
= ’to jump’ [HYma]
qevd A9*9 . m. (JB3/IFb/GF) = handle, haft (of sword).
See qebd.
qev§ (B) = handful, bunch. See qef§.
qevz >*9 (Z-l/K/GF) = handle, haft (of sword) . See
qebd.
qewaf «j]j*9 in. (). potter, {also: qewaq (IFb-2/GF);
<qewaq> jly (HH)) {syn: p’irud) Cf. Syr quqO
Lnon = ’water pitcher, urn' & quqoyo Ln on -
’potter' [Frq/A/IFb//HH/GF]
qewamtin (Hk) = to happen. See qewimin.
qewaq (IFb/GF/HH) = potter. See qewaf.
qewas = messenger. See qewaz.
qewat f (-a;-e). strength, power: *Ewa tu
dibeji ji qewata min dere (FK-eb-1) What
you’re asking [lit. 'saying'] is beyond my power
•Qewat be ji tefa (J) More power to you [a
greeting], {also: qewet (B/IF); qiwet (IF-2); [qouvet]
oy (JJ); <quwwet> (HH)) (syn: hel 1; hez;
485
*
qedum [2]; zexm [2]; zor 1} < Ar quwwah &^ -> T
kuwet [Z- 1 /J/F/K//B/IF//HH//JJ]
qewax ^*3 (). 1 ) { 5727 : *evran; sipindar} poplar tree,
bot. Populus (IF/JJ) [kawak]; 2 ) birch tree, bot.
betula (JJ) [qavag]. {also: [qavag/kawak >1ly>/ dar-a
qavaghi ^1,3 IjIj] (JJ)} < T kavak = 'poplar tree'
[IFb//JJ] <pelk>
qewaz j m. (). 1 ) { syn: qasid} errand boy, courier,
‘gopher’; messenger: # Al-p 5 a§a gazi du qewaza
kir (Z-l) A.p. summoned two couriers; 2 )
bodyguard (of kings and the like) (B). {also: qewas}
[Z-l/K/B]
qewil , f. (B) = words; agreement; hymn. See
qewl.
qewimin < 7 ^ 3 *i» vi. (-qewim-). to happen, occur:
•go hewalek li mala wan diqewime (L) If
something happens at their house # Tu zani sere
min gi qewmiye (FK-eb- 1 ) You know what has
happened to me [lit. ‘to my head'], {also: qewamtin
(Hk); qewimtin (Hk-2); [qaoumin} (JJ)} Cf.
NA qavam = ‘to happen' (Hetzron) & mqawo:me =
do. (Krotkoff) [L/M/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF//JJ//Hk]
qewimtin (Hk) = to happen. See qewimin.
qewirandin I (B/IFb) = to chase; to expel. See
qewrandin I.
qewirandin II (IFb) = to fry. See qewrandin
II.
qewitandin QjjbjAS (K/IFb/GF/Ardu) = to chase. See
qewtandin.
qewi adj. 1 ) {syn: xurt] strong; 2 ) [adv.] {syn:
gelek; p’ir II; ze’f) very, very much: *Jin u biguk
ft ‘eyale kuFet Osg hemi gftne tekya §ex
‘Ubeydullah. Ew ji qewi xurt bH: kur§t
Cindi Axa gazi kirin, gar-sed lirae ‘usmani
ji wan stand, da ‘eyalg kur§t Ose (SK
40:387) The wives and children and families of
Oso's sons all went to Shaikh Ubeidullah's convent.
He was very powerful: he summoned the sons of
Jindi Agha and took 400 Ottoman pounds from
them and gave them to the families of Oso's sons
•[Wellah, em nizanin ji kg derg ye Memed
qewi xweyg mal ft Eal bftye ft ji boy xwe
xaneman jinuve bina kirine, ft a§ek ji boy
xwe kiriye ft niha qewi xo§Eal bftye] (JR
#4,24-25) By God, we don't know from where
[=how] Memed became very wealthy and had
mansions built (for himself), and had a mill built
and has now become very happy •Xelkg wi
gundi qewi c ezman-dirgj ft cablos ft bg-
§erm in, digine hemi ciyan, digerygn,
dixazin ft eger mumkin bit didizin u
distinin (SK 12:114) The people of that village
are very impudent and cunning and shameless,
they go everywhere and wander about begging
and, if possible, stealing and taking things; -qewi
zgde (IFb) very much, greatly, extremely:
•[Ekrad ji weku Efrancan qewi z§de ji
nexwe§i ft webayi ft Eali ft ‘illetgd ku sari
ne ditirsin ft bi dftr dikevin] (BN 178) Kurds,
like Westerners, are greatly afraid of diseases and
epidemics and conditions that are contagious, and
shun them, {also: [qavi] ^ (JJ); <qewi> ^ (HH)}
< Ar qawl ^ = ’strong' "[BN/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
qewit (TF) = cake-like pastry. See qawit.
qewi m./f.(B/IFb/SK/OK) (-g/; /-g). 1) words,
speech, talking] (JJ/SK/OK); 2) agreement, contract
(B/JJ/JBl-A/OK): -Qewi e ku... (Bw) [One is]
supposed to... ; 3) {sjm:beyt [3]} an orally
transmitted story told in a combination of prose
and sung verse (Haz); talking in verse in Arabic or
Kurdish, containing a story, praise, or love (HH); a
story in verse (IF); 4) {syn: beyt [2]} a type of
Yezidi religious poetry in three- to five-verse
stanzas (Z-711); “The qewls , defined in fizdiyati
[“Yezidism," by Xelil Cindi & Pir Xidr Sileman] as
‘the texts we may not reveal to outsiders,’ are
sacred hymns, formerly memorised and chanted
only by a special group, the qewals ” from: Philip
Kreyenbroek. “The Hymns of the Yezidis,” SIOS
newsletter, 2 (Feb. 1993), 4: *qewl ft beyt’g
ezdiya (Z-711) Yezidi religious poems and
hymns, {also: qewil, f. (B); [qaoul] (JJ); <qewl>
cj*3 (HH)) < Ar qawl J^s = 'saying, speaking'; Sor
qewi = 'promise'
[Haz/Z-711/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A/OK//B]
qewrandin I jjjl vt. (-qewrin-). 1) {syn:
qewtandin I[l]) to chase, pursue: •[Memed! geri
min kir! ez qewrandim] (JR) Memed cursed me
[and] chased me away; 2) {syn: qewtandin I[2]} to
dismiss, expel, fire (from a job) , kick out, sack.
{also: qewirandin I (B/IFb); [qaourandin] jjljy
(JJ)} [JR/K/JJ//B/IFb]
qewrandin II vt. (-qewrin-). to fry. {also:
qewirandin II (IFb); [qaourandin] qjjjI (JJ)} {syn:
486
Q
qelandin [l]} < T kavurmak = 'to roast, to fry'
[K/JJ//IFb]
qewra§ (Z-3) = servant. See qerwa§.
qewtandin vt. (-qewtin-J. 1 ) ( syn:
qewrandin I[l]} to chase (after), rout, pursue:
• Kerr rabti. syar bti. hespe, gfi, bireki
devaye gtir, te’zi qewrand (qewtand)
(FK-kk-2) Kerr mounted his horse, and went and
routed a group of reddish, bare camels; 2 ) [syn:
qewrandin I[ 2 l) to expel, chase out: »Dive em v!
neyare ola xwe ji gunde xwe biqewitmin
(Ardu, p.57) We must expel this enemy of our
religion from our village, [also: qewitandin
(K- 2 /IFb/GF/Ardu); [ka’utfindin] ^ by (JJ)}
[FK-kk-2/K//JJ//IFb/GF/Ardu]
qexpe <^*3 (IF) = profligate; prostitute. See qab II.
qey ^*3 adv. 1 ) perhaps, mayhe: -qey + gotin = It
is as if; You might say that; It seems as if [cf. fire]:
•[The villain Beko is ahout to get what he
deserves. He is hrought to Mem and Zin's open
grave, and sees the smile of love on their faces]
Bek’o stye xwe direj kir, go: "Mir ... qey
t§ b§ji razane" (Z-l) Beko craned his neck [to
look], said, "Prince ... it's as if [lit. 'mavhe you
would say'] they’re asleep" »Dibeje qey lawe
xwe ketiye ave, xeneqiye (L) He says
(^thinks), maybe his son fell into the water and
drowned »Ew [=cewiked ave] usa lez
dik’etin, m£riv qey digot ew hevra
k’etibtine lece (Ba 2 ) They [=the brooks] came
down so quickly, that people said (=it seemed as if)
they were racing each other *Ewi usa li min
diniheri ku, qey te digot ew cara pe§in
min dibine (B) He looked at me as if he were
seeing me for the first time; 2) why? (A/IFb/TF):
•Ma qey tu nagi? (IFb) Why aren't you going?
•Qey ranazi (IFb) Why don’t you go to sleep?
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK]
qey»a Lai f ( ;»ae/»@). cliff, crag, [also: [qaia] L*
(JJ)} [syn: zinar I) < T kaya = ’rock, cliff
[Ba2/K/B//JJ]
qeyd juai f (-a;-e), 1) fetters, chains, shackles:
•qeyda pola (EP-7) steel chains; -qeyd kirin
= to chain up: •[Al-pa§a didn't want his son Mem
to leave town on his steed bor, so he gave the
order] weki Bore Meme qeyd kin, qeyd§
bidine wi (Z-l) That they chain up Mem’s Bor,
[and] give the chains to him; -qeyd u gidar =
fetters and chains [lit. 'fetters and footshackles'];
2 ) restrictions (SK). [also: [qaid] (JJ);
<qeyd> jy (HH)) {syn: gidar; zincir) < Ar qayd Ay
= ’chain’ [Z-l/K/IFb/B/HH/SK//JJ]
qeyik JLai (B) = boat. See qeyk.
qeyk JLai f. (-a;-e). boat, skiff, dinghy: *Dya
min minra qeykek da gSkirin, ez §andim
vira (EH) My mother had a boat made for me,
[and] sent me here, {also: qeiq (F); qeyik (B);
[qaiq] (JJ)) <T kayik = ’boat, caique, skiff
[EH/K//F//B//JJ]
qeynok m. (-e; ). roasted grains of wheat [cf.
T kavurga = ate§te kavrulmu§ tahil]: *Jinik
radibe kug’ke xwe dadide, ser s§le
qeynoke xwe diqeline. Nav male hine ci
t’emiz dike, qeynoke xwe ser t’exte
Tadixe u dest pe dike dixwe (Dz-anec #12)
The woman lights her stove, roasts her qeynok on
the convex disk [sel]. She does a little bit of clean¬
ing around the house, [then] sets down her qeynok
on the tray and starts to eat. [Dz] <dan II; danu>
qeynt’er f. ( 1 ) yoke (for carrying
buckets) (K); 2 ) steelyard (type of scale for weighing
sacks , saddlebags, etc.) ; 3) weighbridge. Cf. Ar
qintar jlkis = ’kantar’, unit of weight equal to 100
rati (in Syria = 256.4 kg) & qantarah o= ’arch’
[HB/K/A/B/IF] <nir>
qeys ^*9 f. (-a; ). size, measurement: -Qeysa ptye
te gend e? (Frq) What size is your foot? [also:
qiyas (SK); <qas> (HH)) <Ar qiyas =
'measurement, dimension’ [Frq/IFb//SK//HH]
<qas; qiyas>
qeyse -gi qeyse = every, each [also: giqeyse):
•gi qeyse rewi (L) every traveler. [L]
qeysi f. ( ;-y£). apricot, bot. Prunus
mm
armeniaca: dried apricots (B); apricots with sweet
pits (HH). [also: [qaisi] Cjr ob (JJ); <qeysi>
(HH)) [syn: herug; mi§mi§; zerdeli) Cf. T kayxsi
[K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK/Kmc-2//JJ)
qeza )(JB3/IFb) = misfortune. See qezlya.
qezanc^lj^ (GF) = profit, gain. See qazanc.
qezenc (IFb) = profit, gain. See qazanc.
qezi I ^* 9 , f. ( ;-ye) (B) = misfortune. See qeziya.
qezi II (Kg/IFb/DZK) = talk; bad words. See qise.
qeziya Lojaj- f (). unhappy event, misfortune:
•Qeziya hat ser§ wi (K) A misfortune befell him
487
•[Mem & Zin were in an embrace when her father's
men came in. She hid behind Mem, under his
coat] Bek’o dixast, weki Meme rave p’iya
mir u cindiyava Zine bivinin, weki
qeziyake giran bigihinine Mem§ u Zine
(Z-l) Beko wanted Mem to stand up on his feet, so
that the prince and his men could see Zin, to bring
a great disgrace on Mem and Zin. j also: qeda; qeza
(JB3/IFb); qezi I f. ( ;-ye) (B); [qaza] Lb* QJ)} { syn:
'eceb [2]) Cf. Ar qadlyah = question, issue' &
qada’ eU* = 'settlement, judgment'
[Z-l/K//JB3/IFb//B] See also qeda.
qemi§ m. (). mercy; pity: -qemi§
nekirin/nebun (B) not to have the heart to do
stg., not to get up the courage to do stg. [cf. T
kiymamak]: • Mevaneki mini ze’fi e’ziz
hatiye, min q§mi§ nedikir k’§leke
Fabyama (Z-l) A very honored guest of mine has
come, I haven't had the heart to leave his side [lit.
’to get up [from his] side’], {also: [qymych] J~>3 (JJ)}
Cf. T kiy[ma]mi§ neg. past participle = ’(not)
having spared (s.o.’s life)’
[Z- 1 /K/B/GF//JJ]
qerin qjjZs (SF) = shouting, screaming. See qirin.
qibin q~s (IFb) = to coo (of partridges]. See qebin.
qicik adj. small, little, [syn: gugik (Ad/Ks);
pig’uk) [Bg/Kg/IFb]
qidret ooj^j (IF) = power. See qudret.
qidum (IFb/HH) = form, shape. See qedum[4].
qifle «Jis (Btm/Czr) = herd (of horses, etc.). See qefle.
qijik -Jjl a f. (-a;-e). term applied to several birds: 1)
{syn:tilur} rook (bird) (K) [Rus grac rpa^ ]: • Qijik
penir didize (AB) The rook [crow?] steals cheese;
2 ) [syn: qirik II) crow, raven (A/JJ/TF) [Fr
corbeau/corneille; T kuzgun]; 3) greenish bird
which is eaten, hazel grouse or ruffed grouse, zool.
Bonasa (IFb) [T gil]; 4) {syn: ke§kele) magpie
(B/OK) [Rus soroka copoKa ; Germ Elster]. | also:
qirik II[2] ; qjik (EH); [qyjik] Jy> (JJ); <qijik> Jyi
(HH)} Cf. P kasak J-A7kaSak = magpie'
[AB/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ TF/OK//EH[ See also qirik II.
qijilandin j vt. (-qijilin-J. to sizzle, fry, cook
(in butter or oil) [di run de sor kirin]. j also:
[qijirandin] jjp (JJ); <qijilandin
(diqijiline) (HH)}
[Qzl/Qrj/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ] <patin>
qilafet (K) = appearance. See qelafet.
qilafisk cjL-Tte (Qzl) = squatting, kneeling. See
qelefiski.
qilg’ tJ3 = corner. See qulg 5 .
qilg’ik m. (). 1 ) {syn: go§e; kuji; k’unc) corner,
angle; 2) tip, end (of handkerchief) (B). j also:
[qiltchik] cihdi (JJ)) [B/JJ] See also qulg 5 .
qil§r jlls f. ( ;-§). 1 ) dirt; filth: *Zindana kevire
sarda, nem, qil§reda xew g’e’ve Meme
nedik’et (Z-l) in the cold stone dungeon, because
of the dampness and filth, Mem could not fall
asleep; 2 ) [adj.] {sjm;gepel; gemari; p’is; qirej) dirty
(K§/IFb). {also: [qylir] ^Js (JJ))
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/K§//JJ] <qirej>
qilix I in. (-e; J. 1 ) {syn: bejnbal; dilqe; diruv;
qelafet) appearance; 2 ) {syn: dilqe) disguise,
costume, attire: «Roja dine ewana bi qilix§
dewr§§a gune ba herse bra (FK-eb-l) On
another day they went to the three brothers
disguised as dervishes. < T kilik [FK-i/K/A/IF/B]
qilix II ^ b in. (). shears for shearing sheep, {also:
[kulftkh/kurukh] (JJ); <qilix> (HH); [qalagh]
(RJ)} {syn: hevring) [HH//JJ//RJ]
qilic ^Js (GF) = little finger. See qilig’k.
qilig (A/IFb) = little finger. See qilig’k.
qilig’k f. ( ;-e). pinkie, little finger: -tiliya
qilig’ke (K)/~qiligane (Msr)/~qilinceke (IFh)
do. {also: qilic (GF); qilig (A/IFb); qilincek (IFb- 2 )
[(tilouia) kylitch /(tilouia) kyltchik Jzdf
C^)](JJ);<qilig> Gs(HH)) | syn: * tiliya ba§ikan
(IF); Piliya g’uk (B); [tellye pecuk] (JJ-PS)} Cf. P
kelenj ^JT/kelenjak J^dT[= angost-e kucek
<^Jj)/ango3t-e kehln Za engi§ta qilanci
(Mai); = Sor tute <£' 3 p
[Msr//F/K//A/IFb/HH//JJ//GF] cbeg’i; tili>
qilincek- (IFb) = little finger. See qilig’k.
qilog (IFb/GF) = horn (of animal) . See qog 5 .
qilong (IF) = horn (of animal) . See qog 5 .
qilop (Qrj) = with a crippled hand. See qop.
qilpik JLb f (J. 1 ) { syn: isk) hiccup, hiccough
(Haz/K): -qulpik hatin (F) to hiccup, have the
hiccups: •Qilpik hate wi (K) He hiccupped
•Qilpike min t§n [or nasekinin] (Haz) I have
the hiccups; 2 ) belch(ing), burp(ing)
(IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF). [also: qirpik (IFb); qulpik
(F/IFb-2/TF); [qylpik] cTJa (JJ); <qulpik> <J~Ji (HH))
Sor qirp = 'hiccup'
[Haz/K/JT/GF//F/HH/TF//IFb]
488
qilti§ f (-a; ). trachoma: -qilti§a g’e’va (F)
do. { syn: *birova gava (BR)1 [F) ova re§>
qiluz j^Jj' (Qrj) = hunchbacked. See kHz I.
qime (B) = dagger. See qeme.
qimer j«u3 (B) = swarthy. See qemer.
qimt oa-j (GF) = mountaintop. See kumt.
qinab (IFb) = type of rope. See qirnap.
qinyat c-U (IFb/GF/TF) = satisfaction. See qenaet.
qir I j f. (). 1 ) severe cold, as in the dead of winter,
2 ) frost (HH/GF/TF). See qirav. {also: [kerr] (BG);
<qir> j (HH)} [BG//A/IFb/HH/GF/TF] <serma; sur
I; zivistan>
qir II Ji f. (-a;-e). 1) death, destruction, ruin, one’s
end; mass destruction, massacre: •[K’antine u
K’anHne, berf tete ji ezmane, qira 'ebd u
insane] (BG) In December and January, snow falls
from the sky, the ruin [also, severe cold] of all
humanity [proverbial saying[{qir is a pun: a)
severe cold or frost; b) ruin] *Qira wan hat (K)
Their end has come; -qir kirin = to destroy, kill,
annihilate, massacre: *Weki ti§tek be sere wi,
zanibin, eze we gi§ka qirkim (Ba- 1 , #7) If
anything happens to bim, know that I will destroy
you all; 2 ) cattle plague (JJ/B): *[qyr ketiie pezi] (JJ)
A plague has befallen the sheep. ( also: [qyr] Ji (JJ))
[Ba/K/JB3/IFb/B/SK/ OK//JJ] <mirin; qelandin II>
qir III ji (Dli) = crow. See qirik II.
qiral J )ji ni. (-e; qirel, vi qirali). king (of non-
Muslim country): •HerHher biji qrale heja (K-
ga) Live forever, dear King, {also: qral (K-ga/K-
2/IFb); <qiral> J) Ji (HH)} {syn: hakim; p’ad§a)
< T kiral < Serbian krai < Karl (=Charlemagne)
[K-ga/IFb//K/HH/GF/TF/RZ]
qirar J j ni.(LY/tS)/f.(JB3/EP-7) (-e/-a;/-e).l){ syn:
biryar) decision: *Li ser ve qerare (BX) As a
result of tbis decision: -qirar dan = to decide:
•Her giqas ku darizandine nepejirine ji
nas kir H qerar da ku v6 dere weki
platforma a§tiye bi kar bine (AW #175)
Although he doesn’t accept the judgement, he
acknowledged it and decided to use this place as a
peace platform; 2 ) order, command: *Mir qirar
derxist (Z-l) The prince sent out an order; 3)
reign, rule: •Lazim e, bi emre rebb el
‘Alemin tu text teslim bike; qerare te
temam bu! (LY) You must, by order of the Lord
of the Universe, give up your throne; your reign is
over!; 4) condition, agreement: •Qil §evi sebir
bikin, eze horie e§kele bikim, bira cim’et
*
bivine, le naha qirar heye weki ez w§
ni§ani keseki nekim (Ba3-3, #7) Wait forty
nights, [and] I will present the houri for everyone
to see, but now there is an agreement that I not
show her to anyone [or, ’but now I am not
supposed to show her to anyone'] *le wexta tu
Zin xatHne bibi, qirara min ewe, weki tu
min ji bi xwera bibi (FK-eb- 1 ) But when you
take Lady Zin, my condition is that you take me
too; 5) promise, one's word: *Siabend, tuy&
heri, gereke tu qirareki ji mira bidi, tu li
k’u dimini, li k’u dizewici, gerek tu weri,
min bibi (IS~#110) Siyabend, you are going, you
must promise me that wherever you are when you
marry, you must come get me; 6 ) custom, practice
(EP-7): *Qrara welate wan usa bH (EP-7) The
custom [or practice] in their country was such.
{also: qerar (JB3/HH/SK/GF/LY); qrar, f. (EP-7);
[qarar] J\ (JJ); <qerar> J js (HH)} < Ar qarar J\j3-->
T karar ]Z-l/K/IFb/B//JJ//JB3/HH/SK/GF/LY] <daraz>
qirarge _j (K) = headquarters. See qerargeh.
qirase *J\ji (IFb) = huge. See qerase.
qirav ij)Ji f. ( ;-e). frost, hoarfrost, rime: -qirav
girtin (B) to be covered witb hoarfrost, {also: qir
I[2] (GF/TF); qiravi (K); [qyraw] Jil Ji (JJ); <qir> J
(HH)} (syn: qe§a; xusi) Cf. T kiragi & kirav [Erci§-
Van] = 'boarfrost' (DS, v. 8 , p. 2826)
[F/B/JJ//K//HH/GF/TF] <xunav [l]>
qiravi Ji\ j (K) = frost. See qirav.
qirax ^>1 ji f.(L)/m.(K/B) (-a/-e; /qir§x, vi qiraxi).
edge, outskirts; side: •Beyrim vegeriya qiraxa
kona (L) B. returned to the outskirts of the
encampment; -qiraxe be’re (B) seashore;
-qirax& g§li (B) the brink of a ravine; -qirax§
§eher (B) outskirts of a city; -qiraxe xweda (B)
from [my] side, from [my] point of view, {also:
qerax, m. (K/IFb-2/GF); qerex; [qaraxl (JJ)}
[L/A/IFb/B//K/GF//JJ]
qirg’e-qirg’ [K]/qirg’eqirg 5 [B] gjia^j f. (-a;-§).
gnashing, gritting, chattering (of teeth); creaking,
crackling, popping (of bones): *Siltane Filan ...
ji hersa spisor bH H bH qirge qirga qil§n
wi (SF 29) The Sultan of the elephants ... turned
white with rage and you could hear him gnashing
his tusks, {also: qirg qirg (GF)} (syn: girke-girk) Sor
489
Q
qirge = 'crackle (esp. of fire ) 1 & qirgeqirg
= 'sustained crackling 1 [SF/K/IFb/B//GF]
qirg qirg (GF) = gnashing; popping. See
qirg’e-qirg 5 .
qird (B/Z-921) = mature, adult. See qerd I.
qire-qir o^s (IFb/GF)/qireqir ^j'o(A) = noise. See
qireqif.
qirej j!>Ji adj. 1 ) {syn: gepel; gemari; mifdar; p’is}
filthy, dirty; 2) (syn; qiler) [f. { ;-§)] filth (K/B/JJ).
{also: qireji (SK); [qyrich] (JJ); <qirej>
(HH)) (qirejahi; qirejayi; qirej[!t]i; <qirejahi>
tjASiJ (HH)} [K/A/]B3/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ]
qirejahi (A/IFb/HH/GF) = filth; slovenliness.
• •
See qirSjayi.
qirSjayi f. (). filth; slovenliness, (qirejahi
(A/IFb- 2 /GF- 2 ); qireji II (K- 2 /IFb/TF); qirejiti ()B3);
<qirejahi> (HH)}
[K/B/GF//A/HH//IFb/TF//]B3] <qirej>
qireji I (SK) = filthy. See qirej.
qireji II (K/IFb/TF) = filth; slovenliness. See
qirejayi.
qirejiti (JB3) = filth; slovenliness. See qirejayi.
qirik I "Jj /qirik J [A/IFb/TF/OK] f. (-a;-e).
throat, larynx: «Ev kape qirka min te ditiye?
(J) Have you seen the rope for my neck? *Ji tihna
qirika min edi ziwa bftbft (LM, p.5) My throat
had gone dry from thirst •§wirek li qerika wi
xist (L) He struck him in the throat with his sword
(=He drove a sword into his throat); -qirika hev
girtin (K) = a) to grab one another by the throat; b)
to quarrel, fight; c) to compete with, {also: qerik
(L); qirk 7 (JBl-S); <qirik> J(HH)}
[J/K/B//A/JB3/IFb/ HH/TF/OK//JB 1 -S//L]
qirik II -Qji/qirik J [A/IFb/TF] f. (-a; ). 1 ) crow;
2) rook (bird) (K); 3) magpie (lFb). {also: qir III (Dh);
qijik; qirrik (GF); [qyrik] J [j (JJ); <qirik> J ya
(HH)} [HB/K//GF//A/IFb/JJ/HH/ TF//Dh] See also
qijik.
qirim ^ya f. (). scythe, pruning hook, {also: qarim
(Haz)} (syn; diryas; k’elendi; melexan; §alok}
[IFb/RF/RZ//Haz]
qirk 5 J ya (JBl-S) = throat. See qirik I.
qirnap ya f. (). thick white rope, thinner than
weris, qv. {also: qinab (IFb)} {syn: kap I; k’indir
[2]; §erit [ 1 ]; weris} Cf. T kirnap [U§ak] = urgan =
'thick hawser, rope' (DS, v. 12 , p. 4556) [Mzg//IFb]
<ben [1]>
qirni ^^j/qirni m./f.(B/OK) ( ; /-ye), tick,
■ V M
zool. Trichodectes. {also: k’irin II (Bw-2); kirni
(OK); k’irni (Bw); qerni (GF-2); qirnu; qurni; [qyrni]
(JJ 01); <kirni> ^Jf (HH)} (syn; gene} Cf. Sor
qifnu^ j [F/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//B//HH/OK/ Bw]
<spi II; zuri>
qirnu ya = tick. See qirni.
qiroq , m. (F) = restricted piece of land. See
qorix.
qirpik LLji (IFb) = hiccup; burp. See qilpik.
qirrik Jj^a (GF) = crow. See qirik II.
qir§ _y m. (). l) {syn: teli§ 1} splinters, chips,
shavings; chaff and straw (HH): *Ke Kedd hebft
ji qir§eki lietta pft§eki ti§teki b§jite wi? (SK
36:323) Who would have dared to say anything
[lit. 'from shavings to dry grass'] to him? *Rabft
p’ft§§ helina g’ivike ji g’e’vS wi derxist,
h6 qir§e we tedane (EP-5, #18) She removed
from his eyes the dry grass of the bird nest which
still had chaff and straw in it; 2) brushwood (B);
sticks and twigs (IFb): «Me li gole sergin ft qir§
berev dikirin bona dadana tendure (Ba2-4,
p.219) We gathered dung and brushwood in the
wilderness to light the stove; -qir§ ft qal (IFb)/qal
ft qir§ (Qzl) sticks and twigs; 3) stick, switch (for
driving cattle) (B). {also: qir§ik (Qzl/GF-2/TF-2);
<qiri§> u i .ji (HH)} Cf. Ar qisr _y^a = ’skin, peel, rind,
crust’ [K/A/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF//HH//Qzl] <pij I>
qirrik JL j (Qzl/GF/TF) = dim. of qir§[2].
qiru§ (BX) = small coin, penny. See qurft§.
qirwelk pi.? (). anecdotes, short folkloristic
narratives: •Qirwelka b§je! (Qzl) Tell some
stories! {also: qerwelk (Qm§); quluwilk (Frq)} {syn:
qelibotk} [Qzl//Qm§//Frq] <givanok>
qisa Li (B) = story; talk. See qise.
qis«e aj f (*a;*e). 1 ) {syu: peyiv [2]; zarav [l]}
talk, conversation, speaking, speech, words; -qise
kirin (Ks/K)/qezi kirin (Kg/IFb) to speak {syn:
axaftin; mijftl dan (Haz); peyivin; §or kirin; §texilin:
xeber dan}; 2) promise: «Nagar bin—gi ji wana
nehat, §dS— ser qesa xo man ft nezivirinve
(M-Zx #775) They had no alternative-there was
nothing else they could do -so they stood by their
word and did not go back on it; 3) {syn: g’irok;
Hekyat} story: •Bft qisa bizin@ fiesen Q’ermo
(Dz) It was the story of Hasan Chermo's goats
[proverbial expression describing conceited
490
«SfV
people]; 4) [pi] {syn : g’er; dijun I; xeber[3]) insults,
bad words, cussing, cursing: •Cendirman je ra
qeziy®n xirab digotin ft le dixistin (DZK,
p.135) The policemen insulted them and beat them
•Wi qese gotine min (Hk) He called me names.
{also: qese (OK/Hk/M-Zx); qezi II (Kg/IFb/DZK);
qisa (B-2); [qyse] (JJ); <qisset> (HH)) < Ar
qissah £* = ’story' [F/Dz/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH//
Kg/IFb/DZK//OK/Hk/M-Zx]
qisil f. (-a;-e). mat; mattress: *Ew ser ‘erde
sar, ser xisila yane ji, Kale k’e hineki p’ak
bK, ser kulava Tadizan (Ba2-3, p.213) They
would sleep on the cold floor, on mats, or if they
were a little better off, on rugs. { also: qesil (IFb);
xesil (IFb- 2 ); xisil (Ba 2 )) {syn: Hesir)
[Z-922/K/B//IFb] <do§ek>
qisur (K/IFb/B) = defect; lack. See qusftr.
qi§a L(B) = ice. See qe§a.
qi§irandin jjj] jJui vt. (-qi§irin-). to make out,
distinguish, espy, catch sight of (from a distance):
•Qeret’ajdin bin qap’fttda guliye Zine
yek-yek diqi§irine (Z-l) Q. could see each one
of Zin's curls under the coat, {also: qe§randin (FK-
eb- 1 )) [Z- 1 /K//FK/Rwn]
qi§t adj. erect, straight; standing straight up:
•Gurgi got, "Milfit min girj bftne?" Riwi
got, "Hey, beKs neke! Hemi weki dire§an
qi§t Ta-westane" (SK 6:69) The wolf said, "Have
my hairs stood up?” The fox said, "Oh, don’t
mention it! They are all standing up as straight as
bradawls.” {syn: bel; girj [3]: qund; rep) [SK]
qite (GF) = type of cucumber. See qitik.
♦ ♦
qitik «JLji m. (-e; ). type of large cucumber, bot.
Cucumis melo [T acur, Ar faqqus ^jJu/faqqus
JS]. {also: kute (IFb- 2 ); qite (GF); qiti (Czr); [qati]
JtSi (JJ-Lx); <qetik> (HH)) Cf. T kute [Hozat -
Tunceli; Elazig; Malatya; Kilis -Gaziantep] = ’a type
of cucumber, a wild cucumber' (DS. v. 8 , p. 3053);
<Arc qa/i/ettayya & Syr qa/otuto ltso^n
= 'cucumber, gourd'; = Sor gemile tirozi
(S jl f s [Dy/IFb/TF//HH//Czr//JJ//GF]
*•
<xirtik I; xiyar>
qiti ijs (Czr) = type of cucumber. See qitik.
qiyas 1) [m. (-®; ).] measure, extent: -qiyas®
(SK) about, approximately {syn: qedere): *‘£11
Beg qiyase neh deh ser Keywanet qelew ji
beranan ft §ekan inan, dane kugtinewe (SK
39:346) Ali Beg brought about 9 or 10 head of fat
young rams and had them slaughtered •Millet®
Kuresini, mer ft jin ft bigftk, qiyas® hizar
nufos, digel pexembere xo gftne Xoy (SK
32:288) The Kurasini people, men, women, and
children, about a thousand souls, went with their
prophet to Khoi •Rojeki [sic] di pa§a derkewte
seyrane, qiyase sed gustirdt z®r digel xo
birin (SK 22 : 200 ) Another day the Pasha went out
on an excursion, taking about a hundred gold rings
with him; 2 ) [/. (-a; ).] comparison: *Kes® bi
xebere mezinan neket ft qiyasa gay li keri
biket, cezae wi ewe ye (SK 6:70) This is the
reward of a person who does not do as the great
ones tell him. and who compares an ox with a
donkey, {also: [qiias] (JJ); <qiyas> (HH)}
<Ar qiyas = 'measurement, dimension;
comparison, analogy' [K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK] <qas;
qeys>
qizban (IFb) = terebinth. See kezan.
qic^y (E§/GF) = showing one’s teeth. See qig.
qig adj. 1 ) showing one’s teeth; given to grinning
stupidly or unpleasantly (TF): -qig kirin/qic
kirin (E§)/dirane xwe qij kirin (K) to bare
(one's fangs or teeth): «Gava gur rivina ge§ dit,
xwe ji miye bi dftr xist, xwe gij kir ft
diranen xwe qic kirin (E§, p.16) When the
wolf saw the bright flame, it dropped the sheep,
stiffened its back, and bared its teeth; 2 ) {syn: §a§
I[3]) squinting, squint-eyed (OK/IFb): -gav qig
kirin (IFb) to blink one’s eyes, squint, {also: qic
(E§/GF); qij (K)) cf. <qig> ^ (Hej) = 'with one eye
smaller than the other'
[E§/GF//IFb/TF/OK/Hej//K] <qil>
qig’ik adj. l) [syn: zer I) yellow; bright yellow;
2 ) orange (colored) (Elk/QtrE). {also: [qytch
Wqytchik JU*] (JJ)) [qig’ikayi)
[F/K/IFb/B/SC/JJ/Elk/QtrE]
qig’ika*yi f. ( ;«ye). 1) {syn: zeri III)
■ ■
yellowness: 2) [syn: zerik III) jaundice. [K/B]
<qig’ik>
qij (K) = showing one’s teeth. See qig.
qil m. (). 1 ) {syn: kilb) fang, tooth of a canine:
•Heta ku qilen (diran) guran ney®n
hilkirin ft penc®n wan ney® qutkirin, ji
ku§tin ft qirkirine venagerin (Wit 2:71, p.13)
Until the wolves’ fangs are pulled out and their
491
Q
claws are cut back, they will not stop killing and
destroying; 2) (elephant) tusk: •Siltane Filan ...
ji hersa spisor bft ft bft qirge qirga qilen
wi (SF 29) The Sultan of the elephants ... turned
white with rage and you could hear him gnashing
his tusks. [Wlt/F/IFb/B/GF] <didan; qig>
qlm pj £ (-a; ). 1) wish, desire, fancy, whim:
•Qima min naye (IFb) I don't feel like it;
2) agreement, consent (HH): -qima xwe anin
(HR-I) to agree, come to an agreement [syn: soze
xwe kirin yek}: »Me Eemftwa qima xo ani
(HR-I, 2:11) We were all in agreement, f also: [qim]
^ (JJ); <qim> ^ (HH)}
[HB/K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/HR-I]
qimet m./£(F/WM ) (-e/-a; ). value, worth:
•Mirove gundi pir dixebitin le qimeta
keda xwe nizanin (WM 1:2, p.10) Peasants
work a lot but they don’t know the worth of their
labor »Zina delal ni§an kirin [sic] bi
t’ilismeke zerin, wek qimete we xerc§
Cizire hevt sala bft (Z-l) They betrothed lovely
Zin with a golden talisman, worth Jizira’s taxes for
seven years, {also: [qimet] (JJ); <qimet>
(HH)} [syn: qedir I[2]J < Ar qlmah --> T kiymet
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
qiq ^ adj. tall and thin, [also: <qiqbun
(qiqdibe) (HH)) [Qrj/IFb/HH/GF]
<bejnbilind; zirav 1>
qir I £ (-a;-e). tar, pitch, j also: [qir] ^ (JJ); <qir>
(HH)} Cf. Ar qlr^Ji [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF]
qir 11^-3': -qir dan (A)/kirin (JB3) = to shout, scream.
See qirin.
qirandin (-qirin-) (SK/GF/M) = to scream. See
qirin & qftrin.
qireqir ^'o^/qire-qir ^ o^J [K] £ ( ;-e). 1)
[syn: k’im-k’imi; qajeqaj; qalmeqal; qareqar;
qerebalix; §erqin] noise, din, tumult, uproar; loud
and continuous shout, roar, or bellow (B): »Her
kes direvine ber ve behre, denge qireqir ft
gotinen wan e (L) Everyone ran toward the sea,
[one could hear] the sound of their shouts and
talking; 2) argument, quarrel (IFb/A); 3) croaking
(of frog) (IFb). {also: qire-qir (IFb/GF); qireqir (A);
qire-qur; [qyre-qyr] _poJ (JJ) } Cf. Sor qireqir j =
'cawing, croaking' [L/B//K//A/lFb/JJ/GF] <qirin;
qftrin>
qire-qur ^ = noise. See qireqir.
qirin vi. (--qir-). 1) to shout, scream, cry out:
•Rojeke §ivanek dige bajer. Dinihere ku
yek derketiye ser minare ft diqire (LM,
p.ll) One day a shepherd goes to town. He sees
that someone comes out of the minaret and shouts
[something]; 2 ) [f (-a; )] shouting, screaming,
crying out: »qirina sewta a§iq (Z-l) the shouting
of the singer's voice, {also : qerin (SF);
qir dan (A); qir kirin (JB3); qirandin (SK/GF/M)}
[Z-l/K/IFb/B//SK/GF/M//A//JB3] <kurin> See also
qurin.
qitik (Wn) = unripe cucumber. See kfttik.
qivar jlL3 £ (). 1 ) type of thistle, bitter plant which
blooms in the springtime, eaten by donkeys : -Kero
nemire buhare/ heta gebin qivare (GF)
Donkey, don’t die, it is spring/ [wait] until the
thistles come out [proverbial expression[; 2 ) {syn:
nerik) stamen, male reproductive organ of a flower
which bears the pollen (IFb/GF): -Keleng he hi§k
nebftye, qivare [sic] we te xwarin (IFb) The
cardoon isn’t dry yet, and its stamen is [already]
being eaten / proverbial expression! {also:
[qyvar/klvar (Rich)] jly (JJ); <qivar> jlxi (HH)}
cf. NENA qiwara = ’briar, thistle, bramble'
(Maclean) [Zeb/K/A/lFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <givzonik;
k’erbe§; kereng>
qiz (-a;-e). girl; daughter: *qiza hakim (L)
princess, king's daughter; -qizik = dim. of qiz.
j also: [qyz jj'/qyze oj>s] (JJ); <qiz> y+s (HH)} [syn:
dot; keg’(ik); zeri} < T kiz; the long vowel serves to
emphasize the distinction between this word and
quz = ’vagina’ jqizani; qizti}
[Kg/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ]
qizani (A) = girlhood; virginity. See qizti.
• •
qizap <J\y^ £ ( ;-e). female first cousin, daughter of
one’s father’s brother: »Dia min ft Sftsikft
qizape hevin (Ba 2 -# 2 , p.206) My mother and
Susik’s mother are first cousins [i.e, their fathers
were brothers], [syn: dotmam) <qiz + ap = ’paternal
uncle’ [Ba 2 /F/K/A/B] <ap; dotmam; mam>
qizhili L J^y^ £ (). stepdaughter, {syn: nevisi;
kegheli) [Frq] <-liili I; zifdayik>
qizik = dim. of qiz.
qizmet 5 £ (-a;-e). female first cousin,
daughter of one’s father’s sister: »Em dixwazin
weki tu ft qizmet’a te bextewar bin (Ba2-#2,
p.207) We want you and your cousin to be happy
492
[together], {also: qizmeti (K)} <qiz + met[’] =
'paternal aunt’ [Ba2/F/B//K] <dotmam; met[’]>
qizmeti (K) = father’s sister’s daughter, cousin.
See qizmet 5 .
qizti f ( ;~ye). 1) girlhood: *Pire gll baj§r,
• •
deste k 5 inc-rihel6 qiza k’iri, ani, Siabend
kir. Siabend qizti xemiland (IS-#281-282)
The old woman went to town, bought a suit of
girl’s clothes, and brought it, put it on Siyabend.
She dressed Siyabend up as a girl; 2) virginity.
[also: qizani (A)) [IS/F/K/B//A] <bik’ur; qiz>
qjik (EH) = type of bird. See qijik.
qlogg^Jj' (IFb) = horn (of animal) . See qog\
qlong gjjte (IFb) = horn (of animal) . See qog’.
qobbe = dome. See qube II.
qog 5 m. (-e; ). horn, antler (of animal) :
•Qilog’e pezk’dvi dik’eve fane Siyabend
(Z-4) The deer’s antler goes into Siyabend’s thigh;
-qog danan (SK) to butt: *Gurg kewte ber
piyet gay. Derfial gay qogek dana gurgi
(SK 6:70) The wolf fell in front of the ox’s feet.
Immediately the ox butted the wolf, {also: qilog
(IFb-2/GF-2); qilong (IF-2); qlog (IFb-2); qlong (IFb-
2)1 { syn: stru; §ax) Sor qog = 'ranks born’; Za
qog m. (Mai) [Ks/K/A/IFb/SK/GF/OK] <k’ol IV>
qogax adj. 1) hardworking, diligent,
industrious: *Le gima ew bdka qogax ew [sic]
xorte qogax nestandye hatye vi xorte
t’embel standye? (Dz) But why didn't that
diligent young man marry that diligent girl, [why]
did this lazy young man marry her?; 2) brave,
manly, dashing (B): *Weki tu giqas qogaxi,
bav§ te axe ele bti. ... tu gima, gira kure
min dikuti (FK-kk-3) If you are so manly, your
father was the agha [chief] of the tribe ... why oh
why do you beat my son? {also: qogax (B)| Cf. T
kogak = 'strong and brave (man); generous 1 ; Sor
qogax = ’clever, quick, smart' [qogaxi;
qogaxi) [Dz/F/K//B] <’egit; nierxas>
qogaxi f (;-ye). 1) diligence; 2) bravery.
{also: qogaxi (B)} [K//B] <qogax>
qogax (B) = hardworking; brave; dashing. See
qogax,
qogaxi (B) = diligence; bravery. See qogaxi.
qogik m. Q. firewood, cut and ready to be
burned. [Haz] cezing; hejik; terik II>
qodik JL jjjf (Bw/Zx/Zeb) = mirror. See qoti I.
qodret oojjjs (L) = power. See qudret.
qof (A/IFb) = with a crippled hand. See qop.
qol I Jjp m. Q. 1 ) arm: -qol-qol btin (Z-l) to be
arm in arm; 2 ) wing; 3) sleeve. Cf. T kol = 'arm'
[Z-l/K/B/GF] <bask; g’epil; dest; mil; pil I>
qol II Jjs m. (-e; ). string with coins sewn on it
(woman’s ornament, tied on the forehead) : *Zin§
destxweda giliye Meme dife’mine, / Dest§
Taste u g’epe hevraz, berjer hiltine, /
qoled zefa ji ne’tike diqetine (Z-l) Zin
immediately understands Mem's words, / She raises
and lowers ber right and left hand, / Breaks her
ornamental golden coin strings from [her] forehead.
[Z-l/K/B) cbeni II; gerden [3]>
qolinc I f. (-a; ). space between the shoulder
blades, f also: [qolynj] (JJ-PS)} [Qrj/K/lFb/jj-PS]
qoliptin (-qolip-) (L) = to turn; to wither. See
qulibin.
qoloz jjjjp (JBl-A/OK) = high. See quloz.
qomsi Ji' (Z-l/XF) = gossip, informer. See qumsi.
qonax f./m.(B/L ) (-a/-e; /qon§x). 1 ) [< T
konak = 'manor, guesthouse'] manor, mansion,
palace: »[Ew MeKmed beg ji di qonaxeke
mezinda sakin dibuye] (JR) This Mehmed beg
lived in a large manor; 2 ) {syn: xan I) inn, place to
stay overnight on a trip, room for the night; 3)
{svn: menzil [ 2 ]) distance, space, or interval
between two overnight stops on a trip (K); leg or
stage of a trip or journey; distance one can travel
on foot in one day (IFb); day’s march, distance
between staging points, etape [Fr.] (JBl-A); a day's
journey: •Konaxek helani ft yek dani (L) He
completed one day's traveling, and started out
again tbe next morning [lit. 'He picked up one stage
of the trip and put one down'] [Au bout de deux
etapes] •Konaxa saetek§ me§iyan (L) They
walked an hour’s distance; 4) stage, phase: *di ve
qonaxeda (Roj .1 [1 996 }:4) at this stage; 5) [<Az T
qonag = ’guest', cf. T konuk = do.] [syn: mevan}
guest (B). {also: konax (L); qonax (JBl-A/L);
[qonag] (JJ); <qonax> (HH))
[L//K/IFb/Ba2/B/HH/ GF/TF//JR/JJ/JB 1 -A]
<hewirin; hewirandin; qesr>
qonax ^bjs (JBl-A/L) = mansion; inn; day's march;
guest. See qonax.
qonder»e o joA ;^3 f. (*a; ). shoe; leather shoe {as
opposed to sol = plastic shoe) (Rh): •bi du cot
493
qondereye / qonderek je meraneye u yek
j§ qizaneye (Z- 2 ) With two pairs of shoes, / One
is a man's pair and one is a girl’s, {also: kondere (F);
qondre (IFb- 2 /GF); qundire (A/JB3); <qundere>
oj^s3 (HH)) { syn: meras; p’elav; soil Cf. T kundura;
Hau qonre m. = 'European type of shoe' (M4)
[Z-2/Rh/K(s)/IFb//A/JB3//HH//F/GF]
qondre ojjjys (IFb/GF) = shoe. See qondere.
qontax gkjp (A) = slope; foot of mountain. See
qunt’ar.
qop /qop 5 [B] adj. with a crippled hand (missing
fingers , etc.) . {also: qilop (Qrj); qof (A/IFb); qop’
(B- 2 ); <qop> ^p (HH)) {syn: goc; §eht; §il II)
[HB/K/B/HH//A/lFb//Qrj]
qor jp f. (-a; ). line: *Qora govendS te fi dige
(AB) The dance line goes back and forth [lit.
'comes and goes']. [AB/K(s)/IFb/GF]
qorik yp f. ( ;-e). l) small of the back; tailbone
(TF): -hestiye qorike (Kmc- 6 ) ilium, hip bone;
2) {syn: k’emax) hip (IFb/Kmc-5). {also: <qorik>
JjP (HH)1 [AB/K/A/IFb/B/HH/TF/Kmc-5] <kileji;
qun; zotik>
qorix £jp f. ( piece of land whose use is
restricted, so that the grass growing on it can be
harvested; a restricted area; a fenced-in pasture; a
reserve: -qorix kirin (K/B) to restrict the use of a
piece of land: *Merg d glman bax u baxge
axe hebu. bi liezar u liezara heja bd. Axe
bihar§ qorix dikir. bi Kezar p’ale, gundi
16 dixebitandin, xweyi dikir fietani havine
(IS-#38-41) The agha owned meadows and
gardens. They were worth thousands. In the
springtime he restricted access to them. He put
thousands of workers and peasants to work on
them, to take care of them until the summer, {also:
qiroq, m. (F); [qorig £jp/ qori (SJ p] (JJ) = 'defense,
prohibition'; <qoiix> £jp (HH)) {syn: pawan II) Cf.
also T koruh [£ayagzi *§av§at-Artvin;*Erci§-Van)
& koruk [Kars; Cencige-Erzincan] & korugan
[Karakoyun *Igdir-Kars] = 'field protected so that its
grass can be harvested’ [otunu bigmek igin korunan
tarla] (DS, v. 8, p. 2928) & koruk [Giineyce
*ikizdere-rize] = 'protected and cared-for field or
grove’ (DS, v. 12, p. 4566) & goruh [Bayburt
*Sarikami§-Kars; Yava§ak *Yildizeli-Sivas] = 'field
which is protected and not harvested throughout
the spring, in order to obtain grass from it’ (DS, v.
6 , p. 2106); also Erzurum T koruh = 'piles of
stones for showing the boundaries' (Gemalmaz, v.
3, p. 203) & koruk = 'stones piled one on top of the
other by farmers at the edge of the field, and by
shepherds on hilltops' (Atilcan, p. 75); P qoroq
= ’reserved, restricted'; Sor qorix = 'reserved
(originally of public bath closed and reserved for
important person)’; See: Doerfer vol. 3, #1462.
qoruq = 'reservation, taboo, something
forbidden’ [IS/K/B/HH//JJ//F]
qori kirin (SK) = to scream. See qirin &
qilrin.
qorin (-qor-) (K) = to scream. See qirin &
qilrin.
qoru§ = small coin, penny. See qurH§.
qo§ jjijp m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). 1 ) {syn: keji; kolan I;
navteng; teng II) saddle-girth, belly-band (for
horses) (K/A); saddle-tie, crupper, leather loop
passing under a horse's tail and buckled to the
saddle (HH/JJ/DS) [qouch]: -qo§ kirin (B/Dz) = a)
to let gallop (of horses) (B); b) to yoke, harness (of
oxen) (Dz) {syn: giredan); *Divinin we xortek
gae xwe t’eze girtye ku qo§ke (Dz) They see
that the young man has just tied up his oxen to
harness them *Eva buka ji jina wi xorte
t’embele ku gae xwe t’eze qo§dikir (Dz)
This young woman is the wife of that lazy young
man who was just harnessing his oxen; 2) [< T
ko§mak = ’to run'] horse race (JJ/B) [qoch]. {also:
[qouch [l]/qoch[ 2 ]] (JJ); <qu§> (HH)) Cf. T
koskon [Andmn-Mara§]/ko§ [Kozan-Adana] =
’crupper’ (DS, v. 8); T ko§- = ’to run'
[Dz/K/A/B//HH//DS]
qo§xane p (TF) = pot. See qii§xane.
qotik I Jsp (GF) = shirt. See qutik.
qotik II Jsp f. (-a;-e). pestilence, plague, epidemic,
especially affecting domestic animals (murrain):
•Di malbata me de, hetta di nav e§ira me
de—yen ku bi deste hukmat§ hatine ku§tin
u yen ku bi qotike mirine ne te de—kes bi
ciwani nemiriye (LC, p. 10 ) In our family, even
in our tribe—except for those who were killed by
the [Turkish] government or who died from
plague—no one has died in his youth; -bi qotik§
ketin (Qrj) to catch a communicable disease, fall
ill with or come down with the plague: •Bi
qotik6 ket d mir (Qrj) He contracted the plague
494
and died •Tu bi qotike kevi (Qrj) May the
plague take you! [a curse], [also: qotk (GF)) (syn:
peji; weba] [Qrj/LC/IFb/TF//GF]
qoti I (jp f. 0- mirror, {also: qodik (Bw/Zx/Zeb))
[syn: 'eynik; heli; nenik I) [B§k//Bw/Zx/Zeb]
qot’i II ^p (L/TF) = box. See qut’i.
qotk Jjp (GF) = plague, murrain. See qotik II.
qotmok Jpjp f. (-a; ). cigarette butt. [Msr] <cigare>
qral J) p (K-ga/K/IFb) = king. See qiral.
qrar j\p, f. (EP-7) = decision; command; agreement;
promise; custom. See qirar.
Qrux ^p (Calendar) = Polar star. See Qurix.
qub*e f. (•a;*§). dome, cupola; arch, vault (K).
{also: qobbe) <Ar qubbah sp
[Z-2/K/IFb/B/GF]
qubet o +*p (K) = coarse; loud; proud. See qube I.
qudret aojjy f. (-a;-e). power, strength, might,
force; «bi qodreta xwede (L) By the power of
God. [also: qidret (IF-2); qodret (L); [qoudret] o j jj'
(JJ); <qudret> ojaS (HH)| [syn: qedum [2]; qewet) <
Arqudrah sjjj [L//K/IFb/B/SK]
qudum ^jp (Z-l) = feet; strength; grief. See qedum.
qudum ^j>p (K/B) = feet; strength; grief. See qedftm,
qufilin jp (HH) = to freeze. See qefilin.
qul I Jp f (-a;-e). 1 ) hole, opening, aperture;
•Dige dik’eve quia ziner (J) It goes and enters
the hole of (=in) the cliff *Cwikeki beytik
hebft, kete qule (L- 2 , p. 20 ) There was a
sparrow, it entered [its] hole; -qul kirin (K) to
make a hole, pierce (syn: simtin); 2 ) [adj.] having a
hole, perforated: •Ture virekan tim qul e (AB)
The liars' bag always has a hole in it •Qjike jela
nukule xwe li cer xist, cer qul bfi (EH) The
bird thrust its beak into the clay jug from below,
and poked a hole in it [lit. 'the jug was with-hole'].
{also: kul II (AB/L- 2 ); [koul Js7qul Jj] (JJ); <qul> Jj
(HH)) [syn: qun [3])
[L/J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//AB]
<simtin>
qul II dp (L/K/A/JB3) = grief. See kul I.
qulabtin qjj^P (K) = to turn; to wither. See qulibin.
qulag’ gp f. ( the span of the outstretched
arms, a fathom [cf. Ar ba‘ Aj] (A/IF/JJ/DS-Kars).
( also : qulag’k (B); qulang (IFb- 2 ); [qouladj]
(JJ)} < T kulag = 'fathom' ; Sor qulanc^^j = ’span’
[K/A/IFb//B//JJ//DS] <bost>
qulag’k J^ip (B) = fathom; span. See qulag’.
qulang g^P (IFb) = fathom; span. See qulag’.
qulap ^p f. ( ;-e). inhaling, puff, drag, ’hit 1 (in
smoking a cigarette): ^Vira ap£ Kote k’isik£
t’it’unS ji ceba xwe derxist, cixara xwe
p&g’a, vexist—du-se qulap ser hev 1£ xist
(Ba2-#2, p.210) Here Uncle Koteh took his tobacco
pouch out of his pocket, rolled his cigarette, lit br¬
and took two or three drags in a row. {also:
[qoulab] JP (JJ)} [syn:hilm] [Ba2/K/B//JJ]
qulaptin Qp^p (IFb/GF) = to turn; to wither. See
qulibin.
qulg’ ^J^j m. (-e; ). corner, angle: »di qulg’@ od@
dane (MC-1) in the corner of the room, {also: qilg’;
qilg’ik [l] (B)} (syn: go§e; k’unc; kuji) [MC-l/K/B]
See also qilg’ik.
qule *)p adj. 1) skewbald, marked with spots and
patches of white and some other color (of an
animal) (K); mixed black- and yellow-colored horse
(IF); isabel, dun- or cream-colored (of horses) (JJ);
red grading to yellow (of horses and mules) (HH);
2 ) fast-running, speedy (horse) . {also: [qoule] <dp
(JJ); <qulle> *Js (HH)) Cf. T kula = ’dun colored
(horse)' [EP-8/K/IFb/JJ/GF//HH]
qulibin Q^Jp vi. (-qulib-). 1 ) to turn (vi.), be
overturned (HH): *Isal heft sal§ te ye,
qoliptiye sala he§ta, ji bona xatire kevnek
jina te xwe xistiye vi hali (L) It's been seven
years, going on eight years, that you have been
miserable over some old lady [Voici sept ans et
plus que tu es dans cet etat a cause d'une vieille
femme]; 2) to wither, fade: -Feng qulibin (B) to
fade, become pale: •Renge wi qulibi (B) He
turned pale, {also: qoliptin (-qolip-) (L); qulibtin;
qulabtin (K-2); qulaptin (IFb/GF); qulipin (IFb-2);
[qulypin] Q~ds (JJ); <qulibin (diqulibi)
(HH)) < Ar qalaba ^Jj = 'to overturn'
[L/Z-l//K/B/HH//JJ//IFb] <qelibandin>
qulibtin (^pJp = to turn; to wither. See qulibin.
quling Jddp m./f(B) ( ; /-e). crane (bird) , zool.
Grus grus: *Quling ji beriye hatin (AB) The
cranes came from the wilderness, {also: [koulink]
cJLJ^TQJ); <quling> JLP (HH)} Cf. P kolang JH T;
y
Sor quling JjJ p\ Za kerfng (Lx)/kering/quling m.
(Mai) [AB/K/A/IF/B/HH//JJ]
qulipin (IFb) = to turn; to wither. See qulibin.
qulix gjp f. (-a;-e). 1 ) (syn: xulamti} servitude,
service: •Heval§d wi gelek-gelek! j§ Kiz
495
dikirin, qulixa wida radibun-rudni§tin (EH)
His friends loved him very much, they were
always happy to serve him [lit. 'they would rise up
and sit down in his service]; -qulix kirin (B) to
work; to serve; 2 ) work: *tlsib dest bi qulixa
p
xrwe dike (Ba- 1 , # 22 ) Joseph begins his work [as
emir], {also: [qoulliq] jJJyi (JJ)} < T kulluk =
'slavery, bondage' [Z- 1 /K/B//JJ]
qulix u 'ezet ooj** 3 (K) = honor. See 'ezet.
qulofiski jC^yJy(Ag) = squatting, kneeling. See
qele fiski.
quloz j Jy adj. 1 ) (.syn: berz; bilind; =£nizm) lifted,
. raised up high: -quloz bun (B/JJ/JBl-A) = a) to
rise, climb, ascend, jump up (B/JBl-A/OK): *L§
tae Osib li ser quloz dibe (Ba) But the pan of
the scale with Joseph [on it] rises (—the scales are
tipped so that the pan of the scale with Joseph on it
is higher, and therefore lighter, than the other one);
b) to be skittish (of horses) (JJ). {also: qoloz (JBl-
A/OK); [qoulouz] (JJ)) [F/K/B//JJ//JB 1 -A/OK]
qulpik JLJjj (F/IFb/TF) = hiccup; burp. See qilpik.
quluwilk (Frq) = anecdotes. See qirwelk.
qumandar m. ( ; qumander). (military)
commander, [syn: fermandar) [L/K/B/IFb/SK]
<ravedar>
j
quma§ Jl m. ( ). cloth, fabric, material, textile:
• Sftk tije quma§ e, le mela be§a§ e (BX) The
marketplace is full of cloth, but the mullah is
turbanless Iprv.f {also: [qoumach] JlLs (JJ);
<quma§> (HH)) < Ar qumas j.Ls = cloth’;
Sor quma§ [K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF] <tixaris>
qumg • e f (*a; ). button, {also: qumgik (Srk-
2/Dy-2/Bw)l [syn: bi§koj; mevok) [Srk/Dy//Bw]
qumgik (Srk/Dy/Bw) = button. See qumge.
qumqumok f. (). large lizard, {also:
gumgumok (IFb- 2 /GF/TF); [gumgumuk] JjCf(JJ);
<qimqimok> (HH))
[Haz/IFb//HH//GF/TF//JJ] <mazelilk; mazizerk>
qumri f. (). 1 ) { syn: tilur) turtledove, zool.
genus Streptopelia ; 2 ) woman's name (A), {also:
[qoumri] (JJ); <qumri> (SJ ^3 (HH)) Cf. Ar
qumri & T kumru [K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
qumsi m. (-y§; ). gossip, informer; slanderer;
sneak, scandalmonger: -qomsi-nemam (XF)
informer, stool pigeon, {also: qomsi (Z-l/XF);
[qoumsi] (JJ); <qumsi’un> (HH)) {syn:
altax; destkis; geveze; nemam; xwefiro§) {qumsiti}
[Z- 1 /XF//K/B/JJ//HHJ <’ewan II; gelac; t’ewt’ewe>
qumsiti f. ( ;-ye). informing on someone,
slandering, malicious gossip :-qumsiti kirin (B) to
inform on or against s.o., slander, tattle on, engage
in malicious gossip, {also: [qoumsiti] (JJ)}
{syn: altaxi; 'ewani; gevezti; §er II[2]} [B/JJ] <qumsi>
qunc , f. (IFb) = angle, corner. See k’unc.
quncik (IFb/HH/GF) = angle, corner. See k’unc.
quncir (TF) = cockle bur. See quncirk.
quncirik J f (). pinch, nip. tweak: *Panzdeh
quncrika li k’eleke w§nak§ dixine (Z-3)
He gives her 15 pinches in the side, {also:
quncirok (K); quncrik (Z-3); qurgi (IFb);
qurincok (Nsb); <quncirik> (HH)) [syn:
nuqug) [Z-3//HH//K//IFb//Nsb]
quncirk f- (-a;-e). bur, cockle bur, hot.
Arctium [T pitrak], type of plant with small green
moth-shaped stickers that stick to one’s clothes .
{also: kuncir (Bw); quncir (TF); qunciruk (OK);
quncirok (IFb)) [Bw//Zeb//TF//OK//IFb]
.quncirok (K) = pinch. See quncirik.
qunciruk (OK) = cockle bur. See quncirk.
quncirok (IFb) = cockle bur. See quncirk.
quncrik (Z-3) = pinch. See quncirik.
qund aj ^ adj. erect, sticking out: *Her s@niyeki
kilkeki kuri di nawa sen bigeqinin weto
ko qund rawestit (SK 24:222,224) On each tray
stick a kid's tail in the middle of the pile so that it
stands erect, {syn: bel; girj [3]; qi§t; rep) [SK]
qundax = slope; foot of mountain. See qunt’ar.
qundir (L) = pumpkin. See kundir.
qundire ojjjy (A/JB3) = shoe. See qondere.
quner f. (). boil; abscess, {also: kuner (IFb-2/
OK-2); kuner (IFb- 2 ); kwiner (K); quner (K[s]/OK))
Sor quner - 'boil (suppurating tumor)'
[Bar/Zeb/A/IFb//K(s)/OK//K]
qunt’ar j lqy> f (-a; ). slope, side of mountain,
hillside; foot of mountain: *Ez bixwe gundi me
u gunde min di quntara giyayeki de ye
(Wit 1:37, p.16) I myself am a villager, and my
village is on the side of a mountain, {also: kontax;
qontax (A); qundax; qundax (K); quntax) {syn:
binat’ar; k’a§ II; p’al [2]; p’e§ (1 [2]); sing)
[Wlt/B/IFb/TF//K//A] <g’iya; nizar I; zinar I>
qur j^s f (). mud. {syn: her!; teqin) Cf. Sor qur j,£
= 'mud' [IFb/OK/RZ] <lig [2]; qiler>
496
quran /qur’an [IFb/SK] f. (-a;-e).
Koran, the holy book of Islam, [also: [koran] jl j
m < At al-qur’an jT
[Z-3/K/B/GF//IFb/JJ/SK]
qurba = victim, sacrifice; my dear. See qurban.
qurban f- 1) {syn: gori| victim,
sacrifice: »Ez qurbana we (J) I [am] your sacrifice
[a greeting, cf. P qurban-e soma
-qurban bftn (B) to be sacrificed; -qurban kirin
(B) to sacrifice; 2 ) my dear (Dz/K/B): # Qurba, ez
tela divem dara mebir (Dz) My dear fellow. I'm
telling you not to cut down the trees, {also: qurba;
[qourban] q\jJ (JJ); <qurban> (HH))
< Ar/P qurban qL > J, Heb korban 131p < Arc
qurban -pTlp [J/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK]
qurbe§e az* (M-Ak) = badger; mole. See kufebe§k.
qurbet o(K) = foreign land; exile. See xurbet.
qurcik (GF) = angle, corner. See k’unc.
qurgik (A) = angle, comer. See k’unc.
qurgimandin (F) = to wrinkle; to fade. See
qermig’andin.
qurgimin (F) = to be wrinkled; to fade (vi .).
See qermig’in.
qurgi (IFb) = pinch, tweak. See quncirik.
qure oj^3 adj. proud; boastful, arrogant, haughty, j also:
qufeh (B- 2 )l [qufetil [K/IFb/B/GF/TF]
qureh (B) = proud, haughty. See qure.
quremi§ -quremi§ kirin = 1 ) to inlay, set
(jewels) (EP-7): •Tu zineki usa minra geki ...
t’emame wi lal, dur h kevire qimeti t§da
quremi§ki (EP-7) Make for me a saddle in such a
way that you set it completely with rubies, pearls,
and precious stones; 2 ) to tune (a musical
instrument) (B). { also: qufimi§ (B)( [EP-7//B]
qureti f. ( ;-y6). haughtiness, arrogance,
pride. [K/JB3/IFb/B] <qure[h]>
qurimi§ (B). See quremi§.
qurim sax (GF) = pimp. See qurumsax.
Qurix {. ( ;-e). Morning star; Polar star: «Qrux
nave sterek e. Li sibahan t§ xwane. W§
wextS serma dest pe dike. Xwiya kirina
Qrux§, ni[§]ana dawiya havin§ \i
de[s]tpekirina payize ye (Calendar) Qrux is the
name of a star. It appears in the mornings: at that
time the cold starts up. The appearance of Qrux
signals the end of the summer and the onset of
autumn, {also: Qrux (Calendar); Qurx (IFb-2/OK);
[qouroug] ^ (JJ); <qurix> (HH); <qurix
£&*/qurix (Hej)| Cf. T kuyruk = 'tail', esply
in kuyruklu yildiz = 'comet [lit. ’star with a tail’]’ &
kuyruk III [Mara§] = 'star which rises during grape
season (i.e., Aug.-Sept.)' [iiziim zamani dogan bir
yildiz] (DS, v. 8, p. 3020)
[Calendar//K/A/IFb/HH/Hej//OK//JJ] <karwankuj;
ster>
qurincok (Nsb) = pinch. See quncirik.
qurm p J3 3 m./f.(Z-4) (-e/-a; /-e). 1) tree stump; tree
trunk: -qurma dare (Z-4) tree stump; 2) root (B):
•Li gar qurme diniyaye (Z-3) in the four
corners [lit. Toots'] of the world, {also: [qounn] pj>
(JJ); <qurm> (HH)) [ syn: gilare (IFb); gone} Cf.
Ar qurmah [L/Z-4/K/IFb/B/ HH/GF/TF//JJ]
<dar I & II>
qurmigandin (IF/HH) = to wrinkle; to fade.
See qermig’andin.
qurmigin (IFb) = to be wrinkled; to fade (vi.).
See qermig’in.
qurmigong (TF) = wrinkle. See qermigok.
qurni (J= tick. See qirni.
• •
qurs m. (). ingot, bar; disk: «qurs8 z§ra (EP-
7) bars of gold, {also: <qurs> (HH)) {syn: qalib)
< Ar qurs J [EP-7/K/A/HH]
qursandin (GF) = to cut, trim, shave. See
qusandin.
qurtandin jjjb'jy vt. (-qurtin-). to swallow; to sip
(IFb). {svn: daqurtandin) [K/IFb]
qurtar f. (). help, rescue: -qurtar kirin (Bw) to
rescue, save, spare {svn: xelas kirin). <T kurtarmak
= 'to save, rescue' [Bw/OK]
qurtik (RZ) = sbirt. See qutik.
qurumsax m. (). pimp, pander, procurer:
•Qurumsax ‘Eli ez heri§andim (SK 11:113)
Ali, the pimp, knocked me to pieces, {also: qurim
sax (GF-2); qurumsax (K)) {syn: qebrax) <Az T
gurumsag = 'pimp' [Urm/GF/SK//K]
qurumsax (K) = pimp. See qurumsax.
quru§ (K) = small coin, penny. See qurft§.
qurd§ m. (). small coin, penny, cent; kurush,
Groschen: »Cend qurfl§[a] (L) Some money, a
few pennies, {also: guro§ (EP-7); qiru§ (BX); qoru§;
quruf (K); [qour(ou)ch] Jij (JJ); <quru§>
(HH)) < Ar qurus pi. of qirS J. ■>'; Cf. Germ
Groschen < Lat denarius grossus
[L/A/HH//K//BX//EP-7//JJ] <§ayi>
497
Q
Qurx ^jsS (IFb/OK) = Polar star. See Qurix.
qusandin <jjjL $ vt. (-qusin-). 1 ) ( syn: birin 1} to
cut (with a scissors) (A/HH); to trim, shave (hair,
beard) (IF/HR); 2) [syn: rug’ikandin) to tear out,
pluck out: •Teyr^go li ezmana re difirin, ez
baske wan diqusinim (L) I pluck out the
feathers of birds that fly in the skies, [also:
qursandin (GF); [qousandin] ^> jjLaa (JJ); <qesandin
(jjjLas (diqesme) ^) > (HH))
* r
< Ar qassa ^ (<Vq-s-s) = 'to cut’
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/TF//HH//GF]
qusfir f. (-a;-£). fault, defect, flaw,
imperfection, shortcoming, mistake; deficiency,
lack: *Eger qusuri ba, da h§te c efw kirin (SK
52:563) Had it been a mistake, it would have been
pardonable *Eve sindoqa te ya li here. Bi
xo seh k§. Qustiriyek le hebit? Beje min,
da bo te dirust kem. Ya be qusdri bit, te
mubarek bit bi xo bibe (JBl-A #26,106) This
here is your box. Examine it. Is there a flaw in it?
[If so,] tell me, so that I can fix it for you. If it is
flawless, may it be blessed for you, take it with you
•Ya xude, tu li me xo§ bi, qusdra me c efw
key (SK 9:90) O God, forgive us and pardon our
fault, [also: qisur (K/IFb-2/B); qusuri (JBl-A/SK-2);
[qousour] (JJ); <qusur> (HH)) (syn: kemasi)
< Ar qusur = ’incapability; deficiency’ < Vq-s-r
^ = 'to be short, fall short’ [SK/JB1-S/JJ//HH//K/
IFb/B//JBl-A]
qusuri (JB1-A/SK) = defect; lack. See qustir.
qut ojii (Haz) = food. See qut.
qutan (M) = to hit. See k’utan.
qutas (j-vbyi' f. (). (large) tassel(s): -gifk ft qutas (Bw)
tassels large and small. [Bw] <gufik; gulik [2]; ri§i>
qutik Jjy* m. (). shirt, [also: kurtik (RZ-2); qotik I
(GF-2); qurtik (RZ-2); [qotek] Jjys (JJ); <qutek> Jss
(HH)) (syn: i§lik; kiras [l]; qemis)
[Msr/A/GF/TF/OK/RZ//HH//}J]
qut 5 ini (B) = plush; silken material. See qutni.
qut’i ij'jS /quti [K/IFb] /. (-ya;-ye). box, chest,
••
container: *Tu$ van her dh mu@ la§§ min
bixi qotiyeke ft tu§ pir mihafeze biki (L)
(You will) put both hairs from my body in a box,
and (you’ll) take very [good] care of them;
-qut’iya dila vekirin (XF) to open up one's
heart to s.o., to speak frankly to s.o.; -qut’iya
t’itftnS (B) tobacco box, snuffbox, [also: kudik II
(JBl-A); qot’i II (L/TF); qutik (A); quti (JB3/GF);
[qouti] jsy* (JJ); <quti> (HH)) [syn: qab I [2];
sindoq) Cf. T kutu; Sor qutu^j = 'small box’; Za
quti /. (Todd); also Gr kouti kouti
[L/TF//K/IFb//B/XF//A//JB3/JJ/HH/GF//JBl-A]
qutik JLjjS (A) = box. See qut’i.
qutni m. (). plush (B); material made of a
■ •
mixture of silk and cotton (IFb); a single-sided
fabric whose warp is velvet and whose woof is
spun cotton (HH). {also: qut’ini (B); qut’uni (B- 2 );
<qutni> L yss (HH)) < Ar qutni = ’(made of)
cotton' [HB/K/IFb/HH//B]
qut’uni (B) = plush; silken material. See qutni.
• •
quz m. (-e; ). vagina, vulva, ’cunt’, 'pussy', [also:
[qouz jji/ qousi ^v] (JJ); <quz> hi - (HH)} [syn:
virgik) Cf. Ar kuss Hau k w si f. = 'vulva' (M4)
[Wn/Tkm/Msr/IFb/SK/GF/TF//HH//JJ] <kir; gilik;
zilik>
quzferiti (Jj**. jy adj. wild in sexual matters (of
• •
women), (syn: quzhar) [Msr] <kirhar>
quzgesk cjL(GF) = small biting insect. See
quzgezk.
quzgezk f. (-a; ). small insect that bites [T
danaburnu]. {also: quzgesk (GF)) < quz = 'vulva' +
gez- = 'to bite' [Msr/IFb//GF]
quzhar adj. wild in sexual matters (of women),
{syn: quzferiti) < quz = 'vulva' + har = 'rabid' [Msr]
<kirhar>
qftg’ /. ( ;- 6 ). 1 ) pile, heap; 2 ) [syn: §ker) [also:
kug 5 ; qurg (IFb)) heap of stones particularly in
games (IFb). [K/IFb/B/Qm§/Qzl/Xrz] See also kug’.
qftm ^ /. (-a;-e). sand: -qftma gir (B) gravel.
[also: [qoum] pj (JJ); <qum> p$ (HH)) [syn: xiz [ 1 ])
<T kum = 'sand' [F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
qftn f. (-a;-e). 1 ) [syn: qorik; poz II (Bw))
buttocks, backside, rear end, ass: •Qdna wi
ranebft ji wan ciya ft wan ’erda (Z-2) He
wouldn’t get up off his ass; -zaru dan ser qftn£
(K) to make a child sit up; 2 ) (syn: zotik) anus; 3)
(syn: qul I) hole; 4) animal's lair, den: *Hat, ser
kuna marl sekini (KH, p.34) He came and stood
by the snake’s den [hole] *Here, gSgikdt me li
kune bine dere (M-Ak, #557) go and fetch our
cubs out of the hole [=lair]. [also: kun I (M-Ak/KH);
k’un I (K[s]/IFb- 2 ); kun I (K-2/IFb-2); [koun
^kounik J jS] (JJ); <qun j^/kun qS> (HH)) Cf. P
kun jjT; Sor king Xb7qing J^l qftn = ’arse,
498
rump, buttocks’; Hau qinge f. (M4) [Z-2/K/IFb/
B/HH/SK/Msr//M-Ak/KH//K(s)] <pind; zotik>
qundax ^-1 (K) = slope; foot of mountain. See
qunt’ar.
qhnde m. (). derogatory term for a
homosexual, {also: <qund[e]> jjy (HH)} {syn:
qunek [l]} < qun - 'buttocks, anus' 4- de- = 'to give’,
cf. T got veren [Msr/K/A/IF/HH]
qftnek m. (). 1) [syn: qunde) derogatory term
for a homosexual; 2) [f] [syn: qab II; qalt’ax [3])
prostitute (Msr/K). Cf. Sor kum - catamite'
{quneki} [Msr/K/A/IFb/GF] <forq; qab II>
qunek! f (). 1) derogatory term for
homosexuality; sodomy, “buggery”; 2)
debauchery, depravity. [K] <qunek>
quner (K[s]/OK) = boil, abscess. See qun§r.
quntax = slope; foot of mountain. See qunt’ar.
qurg (IFb) = heap of stones. See qhg’ [2].
qftrin qj ijj&s vi. (-quf-). 1) to scream, shout, wail,
howl; 2) [f. ().] screaming, shouting, wailing,
howling: -qhrin h gazi (IS) screaming and
shouting, {also: qirandin (-qirin-) (M); qori kirin
(SK); qofin (-qor-) (K- 2 ); [qouri ^^/qorin
(JJ)} Sor qulandin (-qulen-) = 'to wail, howl'
[IS/K/IFb/GF//M//SK//JJ] <kuf!n> See also qirin.
qurqurok f. (-a; ). bullfrog. [Msr] <beq>
qh§ ; xan»e *31 f. (»a; ). 1 ) {syn: qazik) pot; 2 )
large metal bowl, {also: qo§xane (TF)}
[Msr/IFb//TF] <bero§; lali II; mencel; miqilk>
qht m.(B)/f(SK) (). 1 ) food; 2) dried foods that
can be stored for the winter, including wheat,
bulgur [=cracked wheat germ], flour, dried fruits
and vegetables, meat, etc. (Haz); 3) birdseed
(IFb/B). [also: qut (Haz); [qout] oy (JJ); <qut>
(HH)| <Ar qut o*J = 'food, nutriment’
[Haz//K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
quti (JB3/GF) = box. See qut’i.
quz ^ (B) = hunchbacked. See khz I.
quzayi ^1^5 (B) = hunchbackedness. See khzayi.
499
R/R
J 'J
-ra 1 j psp. pos fposi tional suffix in die a ting m o tion
toward (place to which), used in conjunction with
prepositions, or alone : 1 ) with [=bi ...-ra]:
•Jinik qiza xwe ji xwera tine (J) The woman
brings her own daughter with her • Xwera dibe
bajar& Misre (Ba) He takes [him] with him to the
city (=land) of Egypt; 2 ) to [=ji ...-fa]: •Aqu
p’&xember wanra go [Ba] Jacob the prophet
said to them; 3) for [=ji ...-ra]: •Rojeke wan
gend giregir u cindiye §ehere Cizire
hildan, hatine diwana mir Sevdin, pirsa
merivatiy§ danin, seva Zina delal bixazin
G’ekanra, bire Qeret’ajdinra (Z-l, p.46) One
day they took some of the notables and noblemen
of the city of Jizir, and went to mir Sevdin’s court,
brought the question (or-word) of family relations,
to ask for [the hand of] lovely Zin for Chekan. the
brother of Qeretajdin. {also: -re; <re> oj (HH))
[BX/J/Z-l/K/IFb/B/GF]
fa 11j, m. (A/GF/TF/RZ) = root; vein; nerve. See Teh.
V
ra II 1 j f. ( ;-e). surrender, capitulation: -hatin rae
(EP- 8 /K) to surrender, capitulate: •Du§min hate
ra& (B) The enemy surrendered *Kure wi nae
Ta§ (B) His son won’t stop making mischief *Xane
k’urda, were rae / ... Xelqe me nae rae (EP-
8 ) Khan of the Kurds, surrender / ... Our people
won’t surrender. [EP- 8 /K/B]
raber j prep. 1 ) up toward (motion upward) :
•Deste xwe raberi xwede kim (BX) I reach
out my hands toward God [popular song]; -raberi
fk-e kirin (K/B/IF) = a) to show, present (K):
•Em li jer we gotare ... rabere
xwendevanen xwe dikin (Ber) Below we
present that speech to our readers; b) to introduce,
make known to, familiarize with (B): *Wana
hevale xwe raberi xweye male kirin (B)
They introduced their friend to the landlord; 2 )
(syn: dijber; miqabil; pe§ber] facing, opposite.
[BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF]
fabon jjd j (SK) = to rise, get up. See rabun.
ra»btin vi. (ra-b-). 1 ) to rise, get up: *Ez
radibim = I get up # Ez radibdm = I was getting
up •Rabe! = Get up! •Rabu = He got up «Aqu
p 5 §xember rabti ser xeni (Ba) Jacob the
prophet got up on the roof [lit. on the house’]
•Osib radive ser t’aki mezine, z§ra ji
dikine t’ae dine (Ba) Joseph gets onto one pan
of the scales, and they put gold on the other pan;
-ji xew rabUn (L) to wake up (vi.) , get up [from
sleep]; -[ser] p’iya[n] rabun = to stand on one’s
[own two] feet; -rabtin ser xwe = to stand up
straight, stand straight up: •Lawik neri go
rabune ser xwe (L) The boy watched them get
up (=?wake up) »§er ... p’ir xeyidi hema
rabfi ser xwe (Dz) The lion ... was [so] furious
that he sprung up; -rabune piya ve (Zeb) to
stand up, rise to one's feet; 2) to begin the
undertaking of some action, to commence to do
stg.: •Gut Tabu hergi go§te nerm ji xwera
dani (Dz) tbe wolf got up and set [aside] all the soft
meat for himself *Rabe tu vi go§ti li me p’ar
bike (Dz) You get up and divide this meat between
us »Jinike rabft tendur dada (Dz) The woman
got up and lit the stove *Rojeke gundik radibe
dike here cem xwede (Dz) One day a villager
(or, peasant) gets up and decides to go to [visit]
God; 3) to have an erection: «Kire te radibe?
(Msr) Do you have a hard on?; 4) [+ ji] to stop,
cease, discontinue (doing stg.) : »[Ker ji tir rabi]
(YSZx) The donkey stopped farting [prv.[{said
when an incompetent person is removed from a
high position ); 5) [+ -e (Z-3)/ber (K)/pe§ (K)] to rise
up against (in attack or rebellion) : »Rabine
Memo ... radibine Memo gil xedem fe’n
(Z-3) Rise up against Mem ... 40 servants rise up
against Mem; -[li] ber ft-1 rabhn (Wlt/XF) to be
opposed to or against stg., to object to stg.:
• Malbata min li ber biryara min rabti (Wit
1:36, p.16) My family was opposed [or, objected]
to my decision; -rabun Tuye hev (B) to argue
(vi.) ; to insult one another, [also: fabon (SK); [ra-
boun] (JJ); crabun j (radibe) j)>
(HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//SK]
fabun u funi§tandin 3 (Ba2/XF) =
lifestyle; manners. See rabhn ft rtini§tin.
fabun u runi§tin 3 vi. (ra-b- u
rtl-n-). 1) to act, behave, comport oneself:
• Gundi ... yane em... em insan&n rehet in,
wi got. Em di nav tebiete de ne, tekiliya
me bi tebiete re pir xurt e. Heye ku ji ber
v§ yek@ be, em li gor daxwaziya dil§ xwe
radibin u rudinin ... Pivanen me ji li gor
500
komik ft civat@n din getir yan ji xirabtir
in. Le pivanen me li gor me ft civata me
ne ft em li gor wan radibin ft rudinin
(MUm, p.57) Villagers... or we ... we are relaxed
people, he said. We are close to [lit. ’inside'] nature,
our connection to nature is very strong. Perhaps
that is why we act according to our desires ... Our
measures [standards?] fit us. I'm not saying that
ours are better or worse than those of anv other
group or assembly. But our measures fit us and
our group, and we act according to them; 2 ) to
interact (with): *Ez ji xwe re dixwinim.
Digerim, digim qahwe, bi dost ft hevalan
re radibim rftdinim. Em munaqe§e dikin,
dikevin nava suhbeten dftr ft direj (LC, p. 8 )
I read. I wander about, I go to the cafe, I interact
with friends. We have discussions, we get into long,
drawn-out talks; 3) [ f. (-a;-e).] lifestyle, way of
life; customs and traditions: *Vira ew Kemft
dera digerin, digine gunde k’urda ft gewa
lazime derheqa Kale wana, rabftn ft
rftni§tina wana pe diKesin (Ba2-3, p.214)
They go around everywhere, they go to Kurdish
villages and find out what is necessary about their
conditions and way of life; 4) behavior, conduct;
manners: •Raste ewi mina t’emamiya
k’urded me nexwendi bu, le aliye fabftn-
rftni§tandin§ ft zanebftna xweva ew zaf
c eyan bft (Ba2-4, p.219) True, he was illiterate
like all of us Kurds, but when it came to behavior
and manners and knowledge he was well respected
• §3x§ c ereba texmina xo t£ kir, rabin ft
rftnigtina wan ya maqftl bu, mirovet c aqil
bftn (M-Ak#640, p.290) The Sheikh of the Arabs
made his appraisal of them [and saw that] their
behavior was excellent and that they were
intelligent men. {also: rabun [u] runi§tandiu
(Ba 2 /XF)| Cf. Sor hels-u-kewt /helsan-u-
v
dani§tin = 'behaviour in society,
manners; treatment , [way of] dealing with stg.'
[Ba 2 /K/B/GF/OK/RF//XF] <‘edeb I>
ra®gandin vt. (ra-gin-). to spin, to weave; to
spin (web, of spiders)', to create, make, {also: [ra-
tchandin/rachandin (Rh)] (JJ)1
[Bw/K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK] crestin; tevnpirk>
fader jojIj f Q. infinitive, verbal noun: -raweya
fader (GF) infinitive mood. { syn: jeder [2];
mesder) [(neol)IFb/GF/TF]
radio p j (A) = radio. See Tadyo.
radio Pi. (B)/radio(K) — radio. See radyo.
radyo py\j f (-ya;-ye). radio, {also: radio (A); radio
(B); radio (K)) {syn: bihistok (neol); pelwe§ (IF)}
[JB3/IF/BK//K//A//B] <izgeh>malava adj . 1)
j^malxerab) happy, prosperous (K); one whose
household prospers (related to the expression
Xwede mala te ava ke = May God make your
household/family prosper) [Cf. Ar ‘ammar]:
•Malava, tue gi min bi xwi? (J) [Malava], why
do you want to [lit. 'will you'] eat me?; 2 ) bravo!
(BX); Come on! (IF). < mal = 'house' + ava = 'built
up' [BX/K/A/IF]
raexistin (Bw/SK) = to hang. See raxistin.
raf j (Haz) = flock of birds. See ref I.
ra»gihandin vt. (ra-gihin-). 1) to
communicate, inform, report; 2 ) [/. ( ;-§).]
communication. Sor rageyandin j = 'to
communicate to, inform' [VoA/IFb/GF/OK]
ra^girtin qj JSj vt. (ra-g[i]r-). 1) to hold, keep,
preserve (A/SK): •Bele, Ketta ez tem, eger
negirek hingo ina, ra-girin da wext§ hatim
bi§kinim (SK 6:65) But, if you bring some prey
before I return, keep it for me to rend when I come
•Mer u jin u biguk dihatin, maleki be-
Kisab bo wi diinan [sic], ew awe bo
teberuk dibirin, dixarinewe ft dikirine
§ft§an, li malet xo diragirtin (SK 12:119)
Men, women, and children came, bringing him
countless wealth, and took the water for good luck,
and drank it and put it into bottles and kept it in
their homes; 2 ) to keep (animals) (K/SK):
•Heywane ho terif, ho kiret bo g! ragirin?
(SK 25:229) Why should we keep such a strange
and hideous animal?; 3) to hold up, prop up (SK):
•We care, madam we ye, zft be, kSjikeki
bo min hawSje xare da bixom, dile min
qahim bibit, bi§§m gyay fa-girim (SK 3:19)
Now, since this is so, hurry up and throw down a
chick for me to eat so that my heart may be
strengthened and I may be able to hold up the
mountain; 4) to hold out or up, show, wave in
front of (SK): *Di dile xo da hizr kir, "Ew
hijire laiq e bi dihari bibem bo muxtar§
501
R_
gundi." Dana ser deste xo, bir, li p§§
muxtar ragirt, got§, "Min ew hijire bo te
bi dihari inaye" (SK 20:181) He thought to
himself, "It is fitting that I take this fig as a present
to the headman of the village." He placed it on his
hand, took it and held it out before the headman,
saying, "I have brought you this fig as a present"; 5)
to procure, engage, get, hire, employ (SK):
•Imamek bo p£§-niwejiya gundi d xutbe
xundine ragirtibu (SK 17:160) He had procured
an imam to lead the village in prayer and to recite
the khutbah; 6 ) to hold back, restrain, stop, detain,
hold, or keep in check (A): •Hersek fialen
inane Kuzora xelifey, ragirtin (M-Ak,
#569, p.258) All three were immediately brought
and held in the presence of the caliph; 7) ( syn:
§idandin) to pull tight (rope, etc.) (B). Sor
ra*girtin (y j = 'hold back, delay, observe
(rule), harbor, engage or employ (servant), keep
(animal), keep, maintain, take up a position'
[VoA/K/A/IFb/B/JBl-S/SK/GF/TF/Kmc]
ra®hatin j vi. (ra[t]e-). [+li ...] to get used to, be
accustomed to: -le rahati (Qzl) used to stg.,
accustomed to stg. (syn: ‘elimin; hin bun [hin I])
Sor ra«hatin yWj = ‘to become accustomed,
become familiar [pe = with]' [Qzl/A/GF] <le banin>
rahet (K/JB3) = calm. See riKet.
rahet! L (K/JB3) = comfort. See reKeti.
rahelan (JBl-A/OK) = to pounce, leap. See
rahi§tin [2].
rahin q aIj (TF) = thigh. See Tan.
ra*hi§tin vt. (ra-hel- / ra-h§j- [Z-2] / ra-
hij-). 1 ) [+ dat. constr.] to remove, pick up, take
away; to take hold of: •Beyrim u qiza §exe
Ereba rahi§tin [sic] la§§ ebd (L) Beyrim and
the Arab sheikh’s daughter picked up the slave’s
corpse »Ew qundir, rahi§tine [sic], dani ser
refk@ (L) They took this gourd and put it on a
shelf *Hat ft li ser text§ xwe rtini§t ti
rahi§te tembftra xwe (L) He came and sat down
on his bed and took up his tambur «L§ gura
Osib ditin [sic], rahi§tn§ [sic], ew xarin [sic]
(Ba) But the wolves saw Joseph, picked him up,
[and] ate him *Tu@ rah@ji wi teyri, bibi (L)
You will get hold of this bird, and take [it]; 2 ) [+
ser] [syn: xwe avetin) {also: rahelan (JBl-A/OK)) to
pounce on, attack (B/Ba2); to throw o.s. at, leap (of
a dog or wild beast in pursuit of prey) (JJ): *Gur@d
birgi ji nava xilxilS kevira derdik’etin ti
Tadihi§tne ser p§z (Ba 2 :l, p.203) Hungry
wolves came out from the rock heaps and pounced
on the sheep ®Wana rahi§te ser du§min (B)
They pounced on the enemy •Xezalek hat
berahiyS, telisme zeri sioy da. Rahela
xezal§, Tevi, gd di bistani da (M-Zx #753) A
gazelle came before him with a gold talisman
round its neck. He set off after the gazelle, it fled
and went into the garden, [also: rahelan (JBl-A/OK-
2 ); [ra-hichtin] (JJ); <rahi§tin
(radihele)(‘d^Ajl j)> (HH)]
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//JBl-A]
rahmeti j (B) = deceased. See Tefimeti.
rahet j (SK/JJ/HH) = calm; comfort. See reKeti &
riKet.
rahet! ^j (SK) = comfort. See reKeti.
• •
ra»k’etin j vi. (ra-k’ev-). to lie down, go to
bed; to sleep, {also: [ra-ketin] j (JJ); <raketin
(radikeve) j)> (HH)} (syn: razan [1]}
Za rakewna [rakewti§] (Srk) [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/TF]
rak’e§an j (K[s]/JR) = to pull, stretch. See
rak’i§andin.
ra*kirin qjS\j vt. (ra-k-). 1 ) to remove, take off [Fr
oter]: -'erd Takirin = to plough; -k’ok rakirin
(K) to uproot; 2 ) to do away with, repeal (JB3): # Ev
qanftn hate rakirin (JB3) This law has been
repealed; 3) to pick up, lift, raise: -ji xew§
rakirin (K/B) to wake s.o. up (vt.) . {also: [ra-kirin]
qiJ] j (JJ); <rakirin (radike) C^b)> (HH)}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <rabun>
ra®k’i§andin vt. (ra-k 5 i§in-). to stretch,
draw out, extend, pull, tighten; to pull out, extract
(teeth), {also: rak’e§an (K[s]/JR- 2 )}
[JR/K/IFb/GF/Ba2/F]
raman I vi. (-ram-). 1) [syn: du§irmi§ bun;
fikirin [ 1 ]; hizir kirin; p’onijin [ 2 ]} to think, ponder:
•Yen din diramin, dibejin “qey ew
tirsonek e?” (BM, p.5) The others think [and]
say, “He’s not a coward, is he?”; 2 ) (syn: fikir [ 1 ];
hizir; mitale; xiyal} [f. ().] thought, idea: -raman
kirin (IFb) to think. <Sor fa• man (ra-men-) =
'to pause for thought, ponder, meditate'; -man:
[Pok. 3. men- 726.] 'to think, be aroused mentally 1 :
Skt mdnyate = 'thinks'; Av man-yete = do.; OP
502
maniyay = 'I think' (Kent); cf. also Lat mens, mentis
= Eng mind [(neol)BX/K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK]
Raman II <jL1 j f (). name of a mountain just to the
south of the town of Batman, in Kurdistan of
Turkey.
ra»medin J^ vi. (ra-med-). to lie down, stretch
out on one’s back, {syn: p’aldan; fazan; xwe direj
kirin} < ra- + Ar Vm-d-d = 'to stretch out' [IFb]
ramediyayi j adj./pp. lying down, supine:
• Gava §er becan li erde ramediyayi
dibine, deve tifinga xwe dide bin guhe
§§r§ becan il diteqine (JB2-Osman Sebri/Rnh
14 [1943]; 8-9) When he finds the lion lying lifeless
on the ground, he points the butt of his gun
beneath the lifeless lion’s ear and discharges it.
[Rnh/JB 2 /IFb]
radipelike daran (BM, p.15) “Clothes get torn
on their own,” Alfons says. Especially when one
climbs up trees. I also: rapellikandin (GF);
raperikandin (GF- 2 )} I syn: hilk’i§in) [BM/K//GF]
rapellikandin (GF) = to climb up. See
Tap’elikin.
raperikandin j (GF) = to climb up. See
rap’elikin.
rapor jj^b f. (-a; -e). report, {also: raport (K-2/
SK- 2 /OK)} <T rapor <Fr rapport
[ Wlt/IFb/SK/GF//K/OK]
raport cujAj (K/SK/OK) = report. See rapor.
rari kirin qJ' j (Zx) = to play. See yari II.
raser J4 ul j prep. [+ li or -i] above, over: »Du keleh
ji van kelehan li raseri leva gol§ ne (SB, p.
50) Two of those fortresses overlook the shore of
ramisan j (A) = to kiss. See ramftsan.
ra»mHsan jL^b vt. (ra-mfis-/ra-mis-[L]). 1 ) {syn:
hatin fuye fk-e; mag’ kirin; pag’ kirin) to kiss: *Ez
geliki je memndn im ft deste wi radimisim
(L) I'm very pleased with him and kiss his hands; 2 )
{f. ().] {syn: mag’; pag’ 1 } a kiss, {also: ramisan
(A/L); ramusandin (IFb-2); ramusin;
[ra-mousan] ^Lj-b CIJ)} [L/A//Z-2/F/K/jB3/iFb/jj/GF]
ramusandin ^jjL^b (IFb) = to kiss. See ramusan.
ramusin j = to kiss. See ramisan.
ramyari ^jLAj adj. political: *Ji ber ve yeke ji
*• _
Metin kete nava hemu rengen gotebejen
ramyari, civaki (Wit 2:59, p.13) Therefore
Metin undertook all sorts of political [and] social
negotiations, {syn: rezani; siyasi) <Sor ramyari
j (K2/Hej) [(neol)Wlt]
••
ran q)j m. (-§; ). thigh, haunch; thigh of humans (cf
het - thigh of animals) (Bw/Zx): *Qilog’e
pezk’tivi dik’eve rane Siyabend (Z-4) The
deer’s antler goes into Siyabend’s thigh, {also: rahin
(TF); rehin II (OK-2); fehn (Bw/Zx/OK-2); ren (F):
fe’n (K); [ran] <jb (JJ); <ran> <jb (HH)) {syn: het;
kulimek; tilor I) Cf. Av rana- (Tsb 2 , 11 ); P ran jb
= 'thigh'; Sor fan y Hau fan
[Z-l/K//A/JB3/IFb/B/;j/HH/SK/GF//TF//F//Bw/Zxj
<k’emax>
fani-berguz j (SK) = Kurdish man's suit of
«•
clothes. See bergtiz.
ra»p 5 elikin ^sJ^b v f (ra-p’elik-). to climb up,
clamber up (a tree, etc.) : • "Cil ji xwe diqetin,"
Alfons dib§je. Bi taybeti dema mirov
the lake »Mizgeft raseri gund e (BX) The
mosque is above the village. |BX/K/tFb/GF/TF/OKl
<fez>
Tast o*~b adj. 1) l^g’ep (=left)| right (direction;
correct): *riya rast, riya evina welat e (AB)
The right way is the way of loving the country;
-deste rast(e) (K) right hand; -rast hatin = to
encounter, meet up with, chance upon, come
across, bump into: *Gele gur rast! me hatin
(Ba) A pack of wolves chanced upon us *§§rek ft
gurek ft rovik .. bi hevra gun rasti hespeki
hatin (Dz) A lion, a wolf, and a fox ... traveled
together and chanced upon a horse *Merivek
rasti wi hat go: (Dz) A man chanced upon him
[and] said: *Reva rasti kaleki te (Dz) On the
way he comes across an old man; 2) straight, direct
(HH/B); 3) {syn: dirust] true; correct, right; 4) {syn:
*fezdar 1) regular: -fele [ne]fast (B) [irjregular
verb; 5) [?m. [ [also: fasti, f.; <rasti> ^j^b (HH)}
{^derew; ^vir II) truth: *Rast b§je (L) Tell the
truth; 6) [f (-a;-§)] (syn: best; de§t) plain, prairie,
steppe: *Ez iro gftme rasta j£rin rav§ ft
nSg’ireye! (EP-5, #2) today I went hunting in the
lower prairie, {also: [rast] j (JJ); <rast> j
(HH)} Cf. P rast o-d y, Sor fast o-J j - ’right (opp. to
left), direction, straight, level, correct, true, honest,
faithful’; Hau fas = ’true’ (M4) (fasti)
|K/A/JB3/IFb/B/])/HH/SK/GF/TF) <g’ep>
rastger (SS) = rightist. See Tastgir.
rastgir _&J\j adj. rightist, right wing: •NiviskarS
rojnameya CumhuriyetS Hikmet Qetinkaya
503
di nivisa xwe de sernaveki wiha bi kar
anibti: "CepgirSn neteweperest ti. rastgiren
neteweperest" (AW69A1) The writer for the
newspaper Cumhuriyet, Hikmet £etinkaya, used
this title in his article: "Nationalist leftists and
nationalist rightists." {also: rastger (SS)}
[AW/V 0 A//SS]
Tasti j f. (-ya;-y§). 1) straightness; 2) ( syn:
«#
dirusti) truth; truthfulness: *Ez dixazim herime
cem xwede, bizanibim gika rastya wi
gewane? (Dz) I want to go to God, to know what
his truth is like [lit. 'how his truth is']; -bi Tasti =
truly, really, indeed; -[Ya] Tasti goti (K)/bi rasti
goti (AX) If truth be told, to tell you the truth.
( also: fast [4]; [rastij^y^Jj (JJ); <rasti> (HH)}
Cf. P rasti Sor fasti = straightness,
truth, straightforwardness, loyalty, really?'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/TF/OK] <fast>
Tastnivis /. (). orthography: *pekanina
rastnivis ft rSzimaneke rast xl hevgirti (Wit
2:100, p.2) the creation of a correct and consistent
orthography and grammar, {also: fastnivisandin
(K/IFb); fastnivisar (K/B); fastnivisin (OK))
[(neol)Wlt//K/IFb//B//OK]
fastnivisandin j (K/IFb) = orthography. See
rastnivis.
rastnivisar j (K/B) = orthography. See
rastnivis.
fastnivisin j (OK) = orthography. See
rastnivis.
Ta»§iqitin vi. (ra-§iqit-). to slip, slide:
•Reva linge wi ra§iqiti (Z-884) On the way his
foot slipped. [Z-884] <alin; §iqitin [l]>
Tav I d>)j /. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: neg’ir [1]; seyd; §ikar)
hunting: -gfine rawe (K) to go hunting:
•Qeret’ajdin, bira ft Memeva ... we herin
Tav u neg’ire (Z-l) Qeretajdin, [his] brothers and
Mem ... will go out hunting; 2) (sj^n: neg’ir [2])
game, wild fowl [gibier]. {also: faw (K/SK); few (B);
[raw] Jil j (JJ)) Sor fawj y Hau fawe f. (M4)
[Z-l/IFb/JJ/GF//K/SK//B]
rav II j /. (-a; ). stripe (e.g., on a bee's back):
•Ravek a le (Zeb) It has stripes (on it) *rav-rav
(Zeb) striped, {also: <fav> J] j (Hoj)} [Zeb/Hej]
rave <*j't j f. (). explanation: -rave kirin
(K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK) to explain {syn: §iro
[ve]kirin): *Ser§alyara Pakistani gel§a
Ke§mire u herema Himalaya u §kenandina
mafen mirovatiye ji aliyS hSzSn parastina
Pakistani, bi kurti rave dike ji rSberSn
Iran u Tirkiye re (VoA) The Pakistani prime
minister briefly explains the conflict in Kashmir
and the Himalaya region and the human rights
violations on the part of Pakistan’s security forces
to the leaders of Iran and Turkey.
[VoA/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
faw j (K/SK) = hunting; game. See Tav I.
rawe 03 !j f. (-ya; ). mood, mode (of verbs, e.g.,
indicative, subjunctive, etc.) : -raweya bilani
(IF/GF)/~ya gerane (IF) subjunctive or optative
mood; -raweya fermani (K/IF/GF) imperative
mood; -raweya gerini (K/IF/GF)/~ya hekini
(IF/GF) conditional mood; -raweya pe§keri
(K)/~ya pe§ker (IF/GF) indicative mood;
-raweya Tader (IF/GF) infinitive mood, (syn:
t’eher [ 2 ]) [(neol)K/IFb/GF] <leker>
ra»westan jL^tj/ra west’an tj [JBl-A] vi.
(ra-west-). 1 ) {syn: sekinin) to stand, stand still,
stop; to wait: •Raweste! (Msr) Stop!; Wait! {syn:
bisekine!); 2 ) to rise up (against) , revolt, rebel (K[s])
[fawestan]; 3) [+ li ser] to comprehend, grasp, deal
with; to study, go into, investigate, examine: »Tu
ti§teki weki beige neketiye ber dest da
meriv karibe firehtir li ser jiyana wi
raweste (CA, p.67) Nothing like a document has
been available so that one could go into his life
more fully. ( also: fawestin (Msr/IFb- 2 /GF- 2 /TF/OK-
2); fa west’iyan (JBl-A-2); fawestin (K[s]-2); fawistin
(A- 2 ); [ra-westin] j (JJ); crawestan j
(radiweste) j)> (HH)) Cf. P Istadan =
’to stand, stop'; Sor fa*westan = 'to stand
still, halt'. For etymology see westln.
[Msr//K(s)/A/IFb/HII/JBl-A/SK/GF/OK//JJ/TF] <westan I;
westin>
ra»westandin vt. (ra-westin-). 1) {syn:
sekinandin) to stop (vt.), cause to stop or halt; to
freeze: *Ji bo ve ji dive §er be rawestandin
(AW74A5) Therefore the war must be stopped
•Nehi§tin em ji bajareki bigin bajareki
din. Li ser riyan, li sere giyan em dane
rawestandin (AW70D1) They wouldn't let us go
from one city to another. On the roads, on the
mountains, they made us stop »Te diyarkirin
ku IMF'S t§kiliy§n xwe ySn bi TirkiyeyS
504
re heta hilbijartine rawestandiye (AW70B5)
It has been stated that the IMF has stopped [or,
frozen] its relations with Turkey until the elections
•Xwest, ku rayedaren ewlekariye §iddeta
xwe rawestinin (CTV130) He asked the security
officials to cease their violence; 2) [+ li ser] to deal
with, investigate, examine, discuss, talk about,
mention [mostly used in passive]: *Di niigeye de
li ser helwesta neyini ya dewleta tirk ji
hatiye rawestandin (AW75A3) In the news item
the negative attitude of the Turkish state is
discussed [or, dealt with] *Ti§t§ ku zede li ser
hatiye rawestandin karkirina DSP u
MHP'ye (AW69A5) The thing that was mentioned
a great deal was the working of [the political
parties] DSP and MHP. Sor rawestandin
jjjbuojlj= 'to stop, put a stop to'
[K(s)/IFb/GF/TF/OK/AD] <rawestan>
rawestin (Msr/IFb/GF/OK) = to stand, stop. See
Tawestan.
ra wesFiyan j (JBl-A) = to stand, stop. See
Tawestan.
rawestin 9 )j (K[s]) = to stand, stop. See Tawestan.
rawil j (ZZ-5) = small wild animal. See Tawir.
Tawir j m. (-e; ). 1) small wild animal, rodent and
the like (e.g., rabbit, fox , scorpion) : *Li ser ave
seren masi ft rawiren eceb dixuyan (MUm,
8) On the water the heads of fish and fabulous
creatures appeared •meseloken rawilan (ZZ-5,
130) animal fables; 2) grass-eating animal (e.g.,
goat , sheep , cow, rabbit) (Zeb) [lawir]. [also: lawir
(Kmc-10); lawir (Zeb); rawil (ZZ-5); rewir
(Frq/Msr/F); <lawir> (Hej)) [Frq/Msr/F//MUm/
IFb/B/GF/TF//ZZ-5//Kmc-io/Mej//Zcb] <l'ieywan; terawil>
lawir (Kmc-10) = small animal. See Tawir.
Tawistin (A) = to stand, stop. See Tawestan.
Ta«xistin vt. (ra-x-/ Ta-xin-). 1) to spread
stg. (e.g., a rug) out on the ground; to strew, scatter,
spread (e.g., grain): *C’iya usa bedew dibft,
meriv fire xaliga XuTustane ser wi
Taxistine (Ba2) The mountain was so beautiful [in
the springtime], people thought that Khurasani rugs
had been spread out over it *Doste wi ji gelek
qedr@ wi digirt: her tuxme te l am£ xo§ ba,
bi-lezet ba, ew bo wi dirust dikir ... bo
niwistine ji niwinet gak bo wi
diTa@xistin... (SK 31:274) His friend would treat
him with great respect. He would prepare for him
every kind of good and tasty food ... He would
spread fine bedding for him also, to sleep on
•T’eTa vekin, genim Taxin, bira zuhyabe,
xirab nebe (Ba-1, #36) Open the sacks, scatter
the wheat, let it dry out, lest it go bad; 2) j syn:
daliqandin; hilawistin) to hang (B); to hang up or
out (e.g., wet clothes on a line to dry), cf
daliqandin & hilawistin = to hang up (a coat
on a hook), [also: raexistin (Bw/SK); [ra-khystin]
j (}}); <raxistin j (ratexse)
[sic]> (HH)) [Ba2/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/BK/
Msr//Bw/SK] <mehfur; xalige>
ray I j f. (-a; ). opinion, point of view: *bi raya
• •
min be em negin (IFb) If it's up to me, let’s not
go; -Taya gi§ti (Wit) public opinion, {also: raye II
(IFb-2); [rei] j (JJ); <rayi> j (HH)| (syn : ditin
[4]] <Ar ra’y (<Vr-’-y = 'to see’) -> T rey =
•opinion, vote’ [Wlt/K/IFb/JBl-S/GF/TF//JJ//HH]
<ditin>
ray II ^j (GF) = root; vein; nerve. See Teh.
••
rayber j (IF) = guide; leader. See Teber.
Taye I j ()• authority, delegated power;
authorization; competence, j syn: desthilat} Sor raye
j = 'scope, powers, authority, competence,
entree* [(neol)IFb]
raye II aj)j (IFb) = opinion. See ray.
Tayedar m.&f. Q. person in charge, person
invested with authority; an official, civil servant:
• Rayedar ft fermandar^n TC’@ li hev
dicivin u biryar u raporeke amade dikin
(Wit 2:71, p. 16) The powers that be [lit. 'people in
charge and rulers'] in the republic of Turkey
convene and prepare a policy decision [lit. 'a
decision and a report’]. [(neol)Wlt/IFb] <fermandar;
k'arbidest; raye I>
ra*zan jlj vi. (Ta-ze- / -raze- [MK]/ Ta-z- [B]).
1) [syn: rak'etin) to lie down; to go to bed, go to
sleep; (syn: nivistin) to sleep: *Divinin bUkek
we xwera Tazaye (Dz) They see that the young
woman is sleeping [lit. 'has gone to sleep for
herself]; 2) {syn; welidandin; zayin) to give birth:
• Wexta jina te Tabize (Z-921) When your wife
gives birth *Jina te Tazaye kuTek aniye (B)
Your wife has given birth to a son. [also: razihan
(Rnh-2:17, p.307.); [ra-zan] jljlj (JJ); <razan jljl j
(radize) (HH))
505
[L/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF//Rnh] <nivistin;
fazandin; xew>
Pa*zandin vt. (Pa-zin-). 1) {syn: nivandin)
to put to sleep, put to bed: *Kevotka Meme
dane razandine (EP-7) The doves put Mem to
bed *De zara radizine (B) The mother puts the
children to sleep; 2) to spread stg. out (on the
ground) {]}). {also: [razandin] qjjjI jlj (JJ)}
[EP-7/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF] <fazan>
razanxan»e f. (»a; ). bedroom. [Z-l/K]
y
fazedili j (Ba2) = consent. See razidili.
#■
razihan (Rnh) = to lie down, go to sleep. See
Pazan.
fazilixi j (K) = willingness. See razilixi.
Pazi adj. 1) \syn: qane) [+ ji] content, pleased,
••
satisfied (with) : *Ez ji xebata te pir razi me
(BX) I’m very pleased with your work; 2) {syn:
qane; qayil) in agreement, agreeing, willing,
consenting, {also: [razi] j (JJ); <razi> ^1 j (HH)}
< Ar radl Cj +b) J (radin) j) --> T razi
{Pazibun[l]; faziti) [BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/jBl-A/SK/GF]
razibfin )j f. (). contentment, satisfaction, {also:
fazibuni (IFb)) {syn: raziti) [B/GF//IFb]
razibuni j (IFb) = satisfaction. See razibtin.
■ •
razidili f. (-[y]a-ye). consent, agreement:
■ ■ ••
-Pazidili dayin (B) to consent, agree to stg.\ *Me
ji Tazedilia xwe dida (Ba2:2, p.208) We also
gave our consent, {also: razedili (Ba2)} {syn:
razilixi) [Ba2//B] <razilixi>
razilixi L5 id_>j)j f. (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: fazidili)
agreement, readiness, willingness, consent: -
Paz[i]lixi dayin (B) to give one's consent, to
agree; 2) gratitude, thankfulness: •Qeret’ajdin
razilixiya xwe dibSje, weki Meme ew u
hespd wiba b§ xwey nehi§tiye fi negfiye
(FK-eb-2) Qeretajdin expresses gratitude that Mem
had not ridden off and left him and his horse
unattended, {also: razilixi (K); razlixi (B-2)) <fazi +
T -lik = abstract noun suffix [FK-2/B//K] <razi>
raziti j f (). contentment, satisfaction, {also:
[raziti] j (JJ)1 {syn; razibuni [JJ] <razi>
razlixi CJ =Jj)j (B) = willingness. See razilixi.
razyane j (IFb) = fennel. See Pizyane.
-re oj postpositional suffix .See -ra.
rebben j i j (B) = miserable; slave. See reben I.
reben I jajoj adj. poor, wretched, miserable,
unfortunate, pitiful: *Ew kereki reben e, ez
dikarim wi biktijim (SW) It’s only a measly
little donkey, I can kill him. {also: rebben (B);
[reben] qjj (JJ); <reben> qjj (HH)} {syn: belengaz;
bikul; deran II; malxerab; sefil)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//B]
Peben II m.&f. (). monk (m.); nun (£). {also:
[raban] (JJ)} < Syr raban = ’our great one,
our teacher, magister noster' [Dh/Zeb/A/JJ/GF/OK]
rebisandin jjoLjoj (GF/Hej/M-Zx) = to irrigate. See
rifsandin.
*red j oy. -red btin (K/B) = a) to be used up,
consumed, exhausted (K/B); b) to disappear, vanish
(K): *Welle, Memo giqas ji ret be nage
male, we here ba Zine (Z-3) By God, as soon
as Memo vanishes from view, he won’t go home,
he’ll go to Zin; 3) (fig.) to perish (K); -red
kirin (B) to use up, exhaust, {also: ret I bun
(Z-3)} [Z-3//K/B]
ref I ooj m.(Czr)/f.(B) ( /-a; /-§). 1) {syn: Pelp} flock
of birds: -rafik kew (Haz) a flock of partridges;
-rafik miri§k (Haz) a flock of chickens; -rafik
qaz (Haz) a flock of geese; -refa qulinga (B) a
flock of cranes; 2) counting word for birds and
other winged creatures [cf. fer] (K); 3) (air force)
squadron (K): *Refen emerikani ji nu ve li
girav§n Ponap§ il Kusaiye xistine (RN)
American squadrons have once again hit the
islands of Ponape and Kusaie. {also: raf (Haz); refik
(A); [ref] oj (JJ); <ref> ub (HH))
[Haz//RN/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//A]
ref II ooj f.(L)/m.(K) ().l) shelf: *Dani ser refk§ (L)
[They] put [it] on a shelf; 2) rank (=row); file,
column (K). {aiso: [ref] oj (JJ)) < Ar raff oj = ’shelf
[L/K/A/IFb/JJ]
refes f ( ;-§). kick (of animals) : *Evi hespi
Tefesek leda (J) This horse gave [him] a kick;
-refes kirin (B) to kick (of animals) . {also: [refes]
(j~*j (JJ); <refes> j (HH)} {syn: givt; p’efiin) < Ar
rafasa ^ = ’to kick’ [J/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
refik j (A) = flock of birds. See Pef I.
V
reh Aoj f. (-a; ). 1) {syn: k’ok II) root; 2) vein; 3)
nerve, sinew (SK): *Her kes@ bibiziwit d§ Piha
ji pi§ta wi k§§in (SK 55:636) Whosoever makes
a move we shall pull the sinews from his
back; -riha qolince (SK) lumbar nerve, {also:
fa I, m. (K/GF-2/TF/RZ-2); fay II (GF-2); rih II
506
(IFb-2/SK/GF-2); [reh] oj (JJ); <reh> (HH))
[A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK//K/TF//SK]
Reha U>o j = Urfa. See Riha.
*
reha zer jojUoj f. (). turmeric,, bot. Curcuma longa.
{also: riha zer (Dh/Zeb/IFb/OK-2/CB); creha zer>
jojlAoj (Hej)) = Sor zerdegewe o^o^joj
[Dh/Zeb/IFb/CB//OK/Hej]
rehber (B) = guide; leader. See rftber.
rehel J<ufcoj (A) = festive clothing; trousseau. See rihal.
rehet o(IFb) = calm. See rihet.
*
reheti (IFb) = comfort. See reheti.
rehin 1 Qjt> 0 j = pledge, deposit. See rehin.
rehin II j (OK) = thigh. See Tan.
rehin q-j* j £ (• a; ). pledge, deposit; pawn; bet,
wager, {also: rehin I; rihin (Z-2); [rehin] qAj (JJ);
<rehn> j (HH)) <Ar rahn & rahlnah
[Z-2//K(s)/IFb//JJ] <girev; migilge>
rehmeti (IFb) = deceased. See reKmeti.
4a
rehn (Bw/Zx/OK) = thigh. See ran.
reht (TF/AD) = tired; worried. See re l t.
*
rehte ocl&oj (AD) = tired; worried. See re‘t.
rehal JUaj (K) = festive clothing; trousseau. See rihal.
rehet o^ 0j (B) = calm; comfort. See reheti & rihet.
*
reheti f. (-ya;-ye). ease, comfort, rest, peace,
tranquility: •Nizani, rihetiya cani (L-I, #266,
p.224) Ignorance is bliss (lit. ’ignorance, comfort of
the soul’] *Teyr6t biharft hemi li dft hewesa
xo digeryen. Wexte xo§i u rahetiye digel
me dibin, emma dema ko pigek nftziki
tengawi ft zehmeta zistane bftn, me li naw
zehmeta kftstane bi-tine dihelin (SK 29:269)
The birds of spring all go about after their own
desires. They are with us in pleasant and
comfortable times, but as soon as it gets a little near
the difficulties and troubles of winter, they leave
us behind in the cold country *0
dewletmendiya wan de bite sebebe dsyana
wan ji dewletan. Kurdistan de bite ciye
§er ft ‘edawet ft legkirkftgiya dewlet ft
c e§iretan. £u raheti bo kes naminit (SK
44:430) Their wealth too will be the cause of their
revolting against the government. Kurdistan will
become a field of battle and enmity and of
manoeuvres of government and tribal armies. No
rest will be left for anybody # Yeqin bizanin ft
bi delil bawir biken ko meqsftd rahet ft
se‘adeta hingo ye (SK 57:673) Know for sure
and believe the evidence that their goal is your
comfort and happiness; -bi reheti (SK) in ease, at
ease, peacefully: # Eger bo me li naw Orosi
goleki weto gebft, em digel millete Kurd bi
raheti ft serferazi li Kurdistane rftnigtin,
zor bag e (SK 48:499) If affairs are arranged for us
among the Russians, so that we and the Kurdish
people can settle in Kurdistan peacefully and with
honor, well and good *Here Istembolft, hig
§ubhe niye ko Sultan Mecid de bo te
me c a§eki weto girft det ko to bi raheti biji
(SK 33:296) Go to Istanbul and without a doubt
Sultan Mejid will arrange such a salary for you that
you will live in ease, {also: raheti (K-2/JB3); rafietfi]
(SK-2); reheti (IFb); rehet (JBl-S); riheti (L/RZ);
fiheti (K); [raheti/rahatl (Rh)] (JJ); <rafiet>
j (HH)) < Ar rahah ^\j ~ rest, repose, leisure’;
Sor reheti = ’tranquility’
[B/SK//iFb//jB3//L/RZ//K///j//HH//]Bi-s] <tenahi>
rehmeti adj. deceased, the late: «Bavft teyi
Tahmeti (B) Your late father, {also: rahmeti (B);
rehmeti (IFb); remeti (K2-Ferik); [rahmeti] (JJ);
<rehmeti> Ls ^j (HH)] Sor rehmeti Cf. T
rahmetli, Ar marhum ^^ [K2-Ferik//K/HH/
SK//IFb//B//JJ] <mirin>
reht co-oj (GF/JJ/HH) = tired; worried. See re‘t.
reji f. (-ya; ). charcoal, coal(s). {also: rejft (K[s]-
2/JB1-S/GF-2/OK); re§u (GF-2); [rejou jjj /redji
/ resciu (G)/resu (Lx)] (JJ)) Cf. reg = ’black’; Sor rejft
= ’charcoal’ |Bw/K(s)/A/lFb/GF//JJ/ jbi-s/OKJ <agir;
p’el II; teni>
reju^joj (K[s]/JBl-S/GF/OK) = charcoal. See reji.
rek*e <&oj /. (*a; ). bird cage: -reka kewa (Bw) cage
for partridges, (aisccrike (-ya;) (K[s]/IFb/GF-2/OK);
rikew (A/IFb-2); rikke, m. (-ye; ) (GF); <rikew>
(HH)) ( syn: qefes) [Bw//K(s)/IFb/OK//A/HH//GF]
<kew I>
remal JL(IFb/JJ) = fortune teller. See Temildar.
▼
remeti (J>***j (K2-Ferik) = deceased. See rehmeti.
* ■
rem«il J^oj /. (• la; *le). geomancy, fortune telling,
divination: ”A method of divination, widespread in
the Near East. It consists of throwing cubes with
designated markings [=dice] onto a board and
checking the combination of marks on the cubes
and on the board in a special divination book" (EP,
p. 76, note 25): -remle niherin (Z-l/EP-7) to
divine, predict the future: *Ewft ji femlft nihftri
507
R
bli, weki M. we iro be (EP-7) She divined that
M. would come today «W§ Toj£ ZinS Temla
xwe niher! (Z-l) On that day Zin divined that ...
{also: [(ilm-i) reml] J-j [JJ); <remil> J
(HH)}<Ar rami J_«j ='sand' -->‘ilm al-raml
^ = 'geomancy' [EP-7/Z-l/K/IFb/HH//JJ]
<fal; ser I>
Temildar JjJ-c.oj/re’mildar [Z-l] m.&f. ().
V Y
fortune teller, geomancer, diviner: •Zine
Te’mildar bu (Z-l) Zin was a fortune teller; -jina
Temildar (K) female fortune teller, {also: remal
(IFb- 2 ); [remal] JLj (JJ); <remildar> (HH)}
{syn: falgi; pildar) < remil + -dar = 'one who has or
holds', Cf. Ar rammal JL j [EP-7/Z-1//K/
IFb/HH/GF//JJ] <remil>
ren qo j (F)/re’n (K) = thigh. See Tan.
Teng Jjoj ni. (-e; ). 1) {syn: gon I) color, hue; color
of animal’s hair or coat (B); color of person’s
complexion often used as a key to one's wood :
-hatin ser reng§ xwe (XF) to be revived, come
back to life: • Ez gawa bikim Mecrum be ser
renge xwe? (EP-5, #19) How can I make Mejrum
come back to life? # Ser renge xwene (XF) They
are in good health; -Teng ti. Tti. (Z-l) youth, beauty
and freshness [cf. T rengiibu (RTI)]; -[bi] Tenge
... (K) like, similar to; 2) {syn;boyax) paint; dye; 3)
{syn: awa; celeb I; t’eher) manner, way, fashion; 4)
{syn: cins; cure) type, kind, sort, [also: [renk] di j
(JJ); <reng> J5j (HH)) Cf. P rang J3j—> T renk; Sor
reng c^oj = ’color, paint, form 1 ; Za reng m. (Mai);
Hau renge f. (M4)
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ] <beqem>
Tengd§r ^jaCoj f. (-a; ). adjective, modifier, {syn:
rew§ [5] (IF); xeysetnav (K/B/F))
[(neol)K(s)/JB3/IFb/GF]
Tengpi§e f. Q. adverb: -Tengpl§en awaki
(IFb) adverbs of manner; —en cihki (IFb) adverbs
of place; —en giqasi (IFb) adverbs of quantity;
— en demki (IF) adverbs of time; — en erini
(IFb) affirmative adverbs; — §n gumani (IFb)
adverbs of doubt (?); — en neyini (IFb) adverbs of
negation; — &n pirsiyarki (IFb) interrogative
adverbs, {syn: hoker; *nir I[ 2 ]; zerf) [(neol)IFb]
Ten! ^qj f. (-ya; ). avalancbe; landslide, {syn: a§it;
§ape I) = Sor rinu^Jj [Bw/IFb/GF/OK] <xi§ilok>
renin j vt. (-Ten-), to scratch, scrape; to file
down, {also: [renin] j (JJ)} Cf. P randldan j
= ’to plane, make smooth with a plane, to grate’
[Bw/JJ/OKl <ege; hesun; k’artik>
Tep yoj adj. protruding, sticking out, erect: «Ser§
gur k’ete ’erde u duve wi ma Tep (Dz) The
wolfs head fell to the ground (=the wolf was
knocked to the floor) and his tail remained erect
•Aqile xwe ji duwe Tep hilina (Dz) She
learned her lesson from the erect tail [prv., cf. "The
lion's share"]; -bog’ik Tep bdn (IFb) for (an
animal's) tail to prick up; -guh Tep bun (IFb) for
one’s ears to prick up. {also: <rep> VJ (HH)) {syn;
bel; girj [3]; qi§t; qund) Sor rep = ’stiff and
straight, erect’ [Dz/A/IFb/HH/GF]
Tepandin j vt. (-Tepin-). to beat up, slug
(slang) (Msr); to hit, beat, strike: •BiTepine! (Msr)
Beat him up! # Min Kebek Tepande, ew tera
kir 'erde (Msr) I slugged him one and knocked
him to the ground, {syn; feli§andin [ 2 ]; k’utan;
ledan; lexistin) [Msr/K/IFb/B]
Teq I (joj m.(). 1) {syn: kusi; §kevlatok (JB3)} turtle,
zool. Testudo ; sea turtle (Msr/HB/IF/HH) [sn
kaplumbagasi]; 2 ) {syn: kevjal) *crab (Hk/K/B).
{also: [raq-i 4vi] (JJ); <req> < 3 , (HH)) Cf. Ar raqq
Ui
qj = 'turtle'; also cf. Rus rak pa k = 'crab'
[Msr/Rh/HB/AB/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
Teq II 30 j adj. hard, solid, firm, stiff, {also: [req] <jj (JJ);
< req > (HH)) {^nerm)
[Bw/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK] <fii§k [2];
mefikem>
Tesim m./f.(K/JJ/OK) (-e/-a; ). 1) [syn: §ikil;
wene) picture, photograph; drawing; -resim kirin
(Bw) to draw (a picture); -resim ki§andin (IFb]
to take a picture; 2 ) rule (SK); 3) custom, usage (JJ).
{also: resm (K/IFb- 2 /SK/GF); [resm] (JJ); <resm>
(HH)) < Ar rasm ^j = '(a) drawing, sketch,
picture, illustration, regulation, ceremony,
formality'; Sor resm = 'picture; formality,
ceremony, fee, duty (payment)'
[Bw/IFb/OK//K/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
resm (K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF) = picture; rule; custom.
See Tesim.
Tesmi adj. official, formal: •Pirttika
rojnameger Nadire Mater ya bi nav§
"Pirttika Memed..." li ser diroka "gayri
resm! ya §er” berhemeke b§hempa ye
(AW71A2) The book of the journalist Nadire Mater
called Memed's Book on the ’unofficial history of
508
the war’ is a unique work. { syn: fermaj < Ar rasmi
[K/IFb/B/SK/AD]
re§ Jloj adj. 1) black: -av[a] re§ (Hirgo) coffee {syn:
qawe); -reg giredan/wergirtin (XF) to dress in
black (as a sign of mourning) ; to cover one's head
with a black kerchief (as a sign of mourning) :
•Ewe u P’eri-xatuneva reg a Meme
girSdabdn (Z-l) She together with Peri-Khatun
dressed in black and mourned Meme [young man
who died prematurely]; 2 ) {syn; giran I; tari) dark
(of tea, color, etc.) (Bw); 3) black, negro; 4) [m. ()]
(syn; qeret’u) silhouette; unclear or indistinct
image, dim reflection: »Regek w§ ji degte
hildik’ige te (EP-5, #16) Something [lit. 'a black
[thing], an unclear image'] was coming up from the
plain [below], {also: [rech] Jij (JJ); <reg> (HH)}
{fegahi; regayi; fegi; [rashatl] (JJ)) Cf. P raxs
= 'mottled'; Sor reg = 'black, and fig.
violent, disastrous, etc . 1 (see: IV. Persian
Etymologies in “Varia,” Norsk Tidsskrift for
Sprogvidenskap , 12 (1942), 265)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/Bw] <tiemis;
qemer; reji>
regad jUoj f. Q. garden cress or garden peppergrass,
bot. Lepidium sativum , a plant with pungent,
parsley-like leaves, I aiso: rewgat (Qzl)) (syn; dejnik)
<Ar rasad jUj; =P sahl & tar[reh]tizak
=Sor tefetize oj-J^oi'/tereture
[Bw/IFb/OK/CB//Qzl] <kizmas; piz; thzik>
regahi ^Lioj (IFb/GF) = blackness. See regayi.
• • ~
regandin jjjUoj vt. (-regin-). to sprinkle, scatter
(grain) , sow; to sprinkle here and there in small
quantities (A): »Ew£ nezikaya k’ftpe rftn
k’ulme dudu ar ser 'erde regand (Dz-anec
#32) Near the butter jug she sprinkled on the
ground a handful or two of flour; -t’op regandin
(EP- 8 ) to spray or rain bullets, [also: [rechandin]
qjjjUj (JJ); < re § an din jjaLj (diregene)
(HH)} Cf. Ar rassa Jij = 'to spray’; etymology of
A&L (preverb re- + $andin) is incorrect
[J/M/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK]
regati ^ Loj (JJ/SK) = blackness. See regayi.
regaxayi adj. pattern of berguz material :
light black (regeke vebuyi). [Bw] <berguz>
regayi j f ( ;-y§). 1 ) blackness; 2 ) (syn: bej)
land, dry land, ground (K/IFb/GF). {also: regahi
(IFb-2/GF-2); regati (SK); fegi (K/A/IFb- 2 ); [rashatl]
(JJJ) [Cf. T kara = 1) 'black'; 2) land' (<Ar
qarrahojls = 'continent')] [K/A/IFb/B/GF//JJ/SK]
<reg>
regbin m.&f (). l) pessimist; 2) [adj,]
pessimistic. Sor regbin (regbini) [GF/OK/RZ]
<^gegbin>
Tegbini j f. (). pessimism. [GF/OK] <regbin>
m «
regel (F) = starling. See regelek.
regeve*hatin vi. (regeve[t]e-). to
become or get dark, blacken (vi.): •C’ave min
regevehatin (K) My eyes got dark, it got dark
before my eyes (lit. & fig.) •Q’e’ve wi
regevehatin u ew cibici k 5 et (Z-l) It got dark
before him and he fell over right then and there
•Hemh tigt ber g’e 3 v§ min regevehatin (B)
Everything went black before my eyes. [Z-l/K/B]
<reg; t 3 ari>
regele ioj (A/IFb/GF) = starling. See regelek.
regelek JaJz^oj f. ( ;-e). starling, zool. Sturnus
vulgaris : *Pagi ko niwa hewya §ewat@ hat,
regwSle peyda bu. Xulamek gust hat, got e
mir, "Mizgini li mir, regwele hat, ewe
bihar nezik bti" (SK 29:262) After half the
month of February had passed the starling
appeared. A servant came quickly and said to the
Mir, "Good news for the Mir. The starling has come
and spring is near." {also: regel (F); regele
(A/IFb/GF); reghele (K/B); regwele (SK); [rechile
diju/rashwel Jj^-G] (JJ); <regele> uy, (HH)) [syn:
alik; garanik; zerzur) [Wn//K/B//A/lFb/HH/GF//
F//JJ//SK]
reghele (K/B) = starling. See TegSlek.
regik I f. (-a;-e). pupil (of the eye) : -regika
g 3 avan (K)/~g 3 e’va (F) do. (syn; bibiq)
[K/IFb/B/GF/TF] <g 3 av>
regik II Jj;oj f. (). primitive moccasins made of
animal (goat) skin, {also: [rechik/rescek (G)] Lij
(JJ); <regik> (HH)) [Bw/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
<k’alik II; p'elav; sol>
reg*ik III Jjloj f. (*ka; ). black caraway, black
cumin, bot. Nigella sativa. {also: regregik (IFb-2);
regregk (OK-2); [rasik] (JJ)) Sor regke
[Zeb/K/A/IFb/JJ/OK] <gembelule; zire>
fegi ^oj (K/A/IFb) = blackness. See regayi.
regkot oi&oj m. Q. 1) brunette (K); 2) {also: [3]
▼
Regkotan (IFb); <regkotan> (HH)) a Yezidi
tribe living in the province of Diyarbakir in
509
Kurdistan of Turkey; one of the Beshiri tribes (HH).
[Z-2/K//IFb/HH] <kej I>
Re§kotan (IFb/HH) = Yezidi tribe living in the
province of Diyarbakir in Kurdistan of Turkey. See
re§kot [3].
re§mal f./m.(OK) ( ;-e/). tent made of black
▼
goat hair: *Hawine ke§ket wan li serbanet
re§-malan o keprokan o xanian direwem,
dixom (SK 1:3) In summer I snatch their
buttermilk, (drying) on the roofs of tents and
bough-huts and houses, and eat it. [also: [rash-mal]
JL-ij (JJ-Rh)} [syn: gadir; kon; xevet) [SK/K/JJ-Rh/
GF/OK]
re§me (GF) = chain; halter. See ri§me.
▼
re§re§ik Jj:op, 0J (IFb) = black caraway. See re§ik III.
re§re§k Jjlo p *j (OK) = black caraway. See Te§ik III.
re§u jpoj (GF) = charcoal. See reji.
re§wele oppo j (SK) = starling. See re§elek.
ret I bun ooj (Z-3) = to be used up; to vanish. See
red: -red bhn.
re‘t II e^oj adj. 1) tired, weary, fatigued; "bushed,"
"pooped": -re‘t bun (Frq)/reKt bun (HH): a) to
be tired [syn: betilin; qefilin [2]; westin); b) to be
worried; -refit kirin (GF/HH): a) to tire s.o. out; b)
to worry s.o.; 2) worried, concerned, anxious
(GF/TF). [also: reht (TF/AD); rehte (AD-2); refit (GF-
2); [reht oaj /rehti (j^j] (JJ); <reht> (HH))
[Frq/GF//JJ/HH//TF/AD]
revandin vt. (-revin-). 1 ) to vanquish,
defeat; 2) to kidnap, abduct, hijack: •Eme hev
du birevinin (L) Let's run away together; 3) to
drive away, chase away, cause to flee, put to flight:
•Me§ dihatin e dew, gaw, difnet Sileman,
Hirge ji bawe§in dikir o me§ direwandin
(SK 10:98) Flies came on Sulaiman’s mouth and
eyes and nose. The bear was fanning him and
driving away the flies, [also: rewandin (SK);
[rewandin] (JJ); <revandin (direvine)
C^S JJ )> (HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//SK]
reve <voj (GF) = herd of horses. See revo.
revend jjasoj m. (-§; ). nomadic "caravan," i.e.,
entire clan when it migrates from winter to summer
pasture, or vice versa (cf. k’arvan, which moves
merchandise for business purposes): •Hetta sala
p@rar ji do negirwanSt wan kerek li §fin
malet Herki rewend li goli ditinewe [sic]
(SK 25:231) For even the year before last, two of
their huntsmen found a donkey in the wilderness,
in the tracks of some nomad Harki households.
[also: rewend (SK); [revend/rav 6 nd (G/Lx)] jj jj (JJ)}
Cf. P ravande ojj 3J = 'goer, wayfarer, traveler'
< raftan qsjj (rav- 3J ) - 'to go'; Sor rewend
= 'nomad(ic)’ [Zeb//JJ/SK] <k’arvan>
reve-rev Jfej Adoj/reverev j A3oj [B] adv. swiftly,
r ▼ • v
speedily, quickly; on the double: # Eh, gi
difikire, bira ji xwera bifikire, —min got ft
aliye k’ftge g’epera reve-rev gum (K 2 -Ferik)
“Oh, let him think whatever he wants!” I said and
quickly took a left turn down the street.
[K 2 -Ferik/F/K/B] crevin; zu>
revi I ^oj m. (). fugitive, runaway; deserter, [syn:
firar; qagax) [F/K/GF]
revi II ^yoj (IFb/HH) = herd of horses. See revo.
##
revin ijJej vi. (-rev-). 1 ) to run, speed: •MirovS
tirsonek weke baye reviya ft gtl xwe di
pi§t lateki de ve§art (AW69B8) The cowardly
man ran like the wind and went and hid behind a
rock; 2 ) to run away, flee, escape; to be defeated:
•Dema ew pisik weki kugikan bihewte, ew
pisiken din we birevin ft we her yek bi
ciheki ve bibezin ft belav bibin (AW69B8)
When that cat barks like a dog, those other cats will
scamper and run every which way «[Weku §er§
Rom ft !ran§ li de§ta Ale§ker6 bftyi ordftya
Rome revi ft belav bftyi] (JR #39,120) When
the Turco-Iranian war took place on the plain of
Ele§kirt, the Turkish army was routed and
dispersed, [also: [rewin] Qpj (JJ); crevin qJ>j
(direve) (HH)) Cf. P rami dan = 'to
shy (of horses)’; Sor rewin y, Za remena
[remayig] (Todd/Srk) = 'to flee, run away'; Hau
remay (rem-) vi. = 'to run' (M4)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/RZ]
revivan (HH/GF) = horse herder. See revogi.
revo poj m./f.(B) ( ; /-e). herd (of horses, mules ,
T
reindeer, etc.) left to forage in the mountains, [also:
reve (GF); revi II (IFb-2); [rewou] pj (JJ); <revo
^ij/revi C 5 s J > (HH)} [syn: irxi; qefle) Mid P ram(ag) =
'herd, flock' (M3); P rame <^j ~ 'herd, flock 1 ; Sor
rewe ojoj = 'flock, troop' [K/IFb/HH/B//JJ//GF]
<hesp; keri II; ref I; xar>
fevogi (jppoj m. ()• horse herder, horseherd, one in
charge of caring for a herd of horses, mules, etc.
[also: revivan (GF); revovan (IFb); [rewoudji]
510
(JJ); <revivan> jUJj (HH)} {syn: irxigi; seyis} [Z-l/
EP- 8 /K//JJ//IFb//HH/GF] <gavan; hesp; revo>
fevovan jUp'oj (IFb) = horse herder. See revogi.
few joj (B) = hunting; game. See rav I.
* i
rewa I \ 3 &j adj. legitimate, lawful, licit; permissible,
admissible, allowable; fair, just, equitable; suitable,
befitting: # Ger kurd bibin yek, tu kes ft hez
nikare teko§ina wan ya rewa ft mafdar
rawestine (AW74A3) If the Kurds unite, no
person or force can stop their legitimate and just
struggle. Cf. P reva ) 3J = 'allowable, permissible,
legal 1 ; Sor rewa ) 3 oj = ’permissible'
[K/IFb/GF/TF/OK]'
Rewan f. (). Erevan, capital of Soviet Armenia.
{also: Erevan (Ba2); [revan] q\ 3J (JJ)) Cf. Arm
Erewan bpluulj, T revan [K/A/IF/JJ//Ba2]
fewandin (jjJljoj (SK) = to defeat; to kidnap; to drive
away. See revandin.
*rewaq ^) 3 oj f. ( ;-e). 1) arch, vault; 2) portico; 3)
{ syn: kon; xevet) tent; 4) { syn: palkon (EP-7); telar;
yazlix) balcony (EP-7); hipped roof; 5) penthouse:
-k’o§k u Tewaq (EP-7) ?do.; 6) veil; curtain; tent
flap, {also: [revaq] (JJ)} < Ar riwaq = 'tent;
tent flap; curtain’
[EP-7/K/A/IFb/JJ]
rewas (K) = rhubarb. See ribes.
rewayet oM = account, story. See riwayet.
rewend (SK) = caravan. See revend.
fewir jjo j (Frq/Msr/F) = small wild animal. See rawir.
rewisandin (GF) = to irrigate. See rifsandin.
rewin y 3 o 3 (M-Ak/SK) = to bark. See feyin I.
rew§ jijoj f. (-a;-e). 1 ) shine, light, brightness,
brilliance; 2) {syn: dest u dar; Hal; Kewal; kawdan)
situation, condition: »Di nav ve rew§a neba§
da (Ber) in this bad situation; 4) type, style,
manner (HH/JJ). {also: [revich] (JJ); <rew§> y 3J
(HH)} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
rew§at oUjo v (Qzl) = garden cress. See re§ad.
rew§en q<^ 3 oj adj. clear, bright, [also: [raouchan] yi 3J
(JJ)} {syn: ge§; rohni) < P rosan
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF] <fon I>
rew§enb!r _j-^J*Ji 3 oj m. (). intellectual, scholar: *Bi
taybet! Celadet Bedirxan ft gelek
ronakbirSn Kurd .. roleke mezin listin
(Ber) Especially Djeladet Bedirkhan and several
Kurdish intellectuals played a major role *Ew bi
xwe bi van girokSn xwe, van rew§enblran,
bi awayeki ironik rexne dike (Wit 1:39,
p.ll) With these stories of his, he himself is
criticizing these intellectuals in an ironic manner.
{also: ronakbir (Ber)) Cf. P rosanfekr Sor
fo§inbir^^j = enlightened (EM)' {rew§enbir[t]i}
[(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF//Ber]
rew§enbiri (GF) = intelligentsia. See
Few§enbirti.
rew§enbirti f. ( ;-ye). intelligentsia;
intellectuality, being an intellectual: *Cend gotin
li ser “Kevoka Spi” ft rew§enbirtiye (Wit
1:39, p.ll) A few words about [the new book]
“The White Dove” and the intelligentsia, {also:
rew§enbiri (GF)) [(neol)Wlt//GF] <few§enbir>
rewt o 3 oj (A) = wooden pole. See Tot.
Tex I m. (-e; ). 1 ) {syn: all; hel II; teref) side;
direction: »Eze gim negire rex£ rojhelatfi
(M-Zx #749, p.348) I shall go hunting on the
eastern side; 2 ) [prep.[ {syn: bal I; cem; hinda I;
lale; li def (Bw); nik I) next to, beside, at the house
of [Fr chez/Germ bei]: *Were rex min rftne
(BX) Come sit next to me *rex hev (BX) side by
side »A§vane te Tabu, rex rftvi§ xwe k’et (J)
Your miller got up, went to his fox *Du r§wl rex
gomeke derbaz dibun (Dz) Two travelers were
passing by an animal pen. {also: [rekh/rakh] (JJ);
<rex> (HH)) [Dz/BX/F/J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF/OK]
rex II f. ( ;-e). (chess) castle, rook, {also: <rex>
rex
c j 1
aeri
(HH)) [K/A/IFb/B/HH] <k’i§ik>
m.(Rwn/K)/f.(B)[ ; /-ye), door
frame, door post. [Rwn/K/B] <deri I; serder;
sivande>
rexma L^-oj (JB3) = in spite of. See rexme.
rexne f./m.(OK) ( ;-ye/}. criticism: *Div§
*
mirov ji rexneyan netirse. Dost rexne ji li
hev digrin, gewtiyen hev ji ji hevudin re
dibejin (Wit 1 : 20 , p.3) One must not be afraid of
criticism. Friends both criticize one another, and
tell each other about their [=the other’s] mistakes
• Program ft livbaziyen (lebat£n) HEP’£
dikarin bibin mijaren rexney§ (Wit 1:43,
p.9) The programs and activities of HEP can be the
subject (or, object) of criticism; -rexne girtin
(Wlt)/~kirin (IFb/TF) to criticize, {also: rexne (GF))
<Sor rexne <u^j/rexne = 'criticism (EM)'; cf. P
511
raxne = 'slit, crack, chink'
[(neol)Wlt/K(s)/A/IFb/TF/OK//GF]
Text j m./f.(B) ( ; /-§). 1) {syn: g’ek; zirx) coat of
mail, armor; 2) cartridge belt; 3) {syn: hevsar;
fi§me) harness; silver bridle-harness, an ornament
hung on a horse’s head (JJ); ornament put on a
horse's chest (HH): -Text u fi§me (Z-l)/rext u
t’axim (K) harness (and bridle) of horse; 4)
woman’s chest ornaments consisting of silver and
gold coins. { also: [rekht] (JJ); <rext>
(HH)} [Z- 1 /K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] <bejn>
rex u gan jUj £oj (Zeb) = circumference. See gar
rex.
rex u gar jU.« (Hk) = circumference. See gar rex.
rexme P re P * in spite of, despite: -rexma ko
(JB3) although, {also: rexma (JB3)) {syn: digel [2];
diji [2]; gir III] < Ar rayman L&j[BX/(K)//JB3]
rexne (GF) = criticism. See rexne.
Teyin I j vi. (-fey-). 1 ) {syn: dirin II; ‘ewtin;
kastekast kirin] to bark (of dogs) ; 2 ) [f. (-a; )] {syn:
bile-bil [ 1]; gele-gel (F); gewte-gewt; 'ewte’ewt;
kastekast; kute-kut (F)J barking (of dogs) (K/IF).
{also: rewin (M-Ak/SK); riyin (IFb-2); [rein] qjj (JJ);
<reyin (direyi) Q 5 ?.j j 3 > (HH)) [Pok. 3. rei-
/re(i)- 859.] ’to cry, roar, bark' & [Pok. I. la-/le-
650.] ( onomatopoetic ): Skt riyati = 'barks’; O Ir
*raya- = 'to cry': Sgd ray- = 'to weep'; Wakhi ruiy-
= 'to howl’; Oss raiun/rain = 'to bark'; Sor werin
= 'to bark'; cf. Av gaOra-rayant; Khotanese
Saka rai<nda> = ’they cry aloud’. See: M.
Schwartz. “Irano-tocharica,” in: Memorial Jean de
Menasce , ed. Ph. Gignoux & A. Tafazzoli (Louvain:
Imprimerie Orientaliste : fondation Culturelle
Iranienne, 1974), p. [399]. [K/JB3/IFb/HH/GF
//M-Ak//JJ] <kuzkuz; lurin>
reyin II (-rey-) (IFb) = to defecate. See ritin.
rez joj m. (-e; ). vineyard, orchard: •Dib^jin
carek§ se kes gflne karwani ... gehe§tine
fezeki dtir ji gundi. Dewaret wan birsi
bubun, ew ji mandi bubtln ... wan her §e
dewarberdane naw rezi, gya h zira'et
dixarin ft wan ji f£qi xarin (SK 8:78) They
say that three men once went on a caravan ... they
arrived at a garden far from a village. Their beasts
had become hungry, and they themselves tired ...
They all three set their beasts loose in the orchard,
where they grazed on the grass and the crops, and
they themselves ate the fruit, {also: rezom, f. (JB3-
2 ); [rez] jj (JJ); <rez> jj (HH)} Cf. Mid P raz = 'vine,
vineyard' (M3); P raz jj = 'vineyard'; Sor fez >j; Za
rez m . (Mai) [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
JB1-A/GF/0K] <gu§i; mewij; mew; tiri>
rezewan (SK) vintner, gardener. See Tezvan.
fezvan q\j>Joj m. (). 1 ) wine-grower, vintner; 2 )
caretaker or guard of vineyard; 3) {syn: baxvan;
cenan] gardener (B). {also: rezewan (SK); [rez-van]
o'jJj (JJ); <rezvan> (HH)) Sor rezewan
= 'vine-dresser [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ//SK]
<rez>
fe f. (fiya/feya/fiya/feya; feye). way, road:
•R§ reya mirine be ji, tu her li pe§ be (BX)
Even if the road is the road to death, always be first
[lit. 'at the front'] ]prv.] »Reva fasti kaleki te
(Dz) On the way he comes across an old man
•Riya rast, riya evina welat e (AB) The right
way is the way of loving the country; -bi fe ve
gftn/fe gftn (B) to walk, go: •Pirejinek di
kftgeke Londre de bi re ve digft (Ronahi)
An old woman was walking in a London street
• Ew ze’f zft fe dige (B) He walks very quickly;
-bi fevagftna k’ftsi fe gftn (XF) to go at a
snail’s pace, to move very slowly; -ne li fe ditin
(XF) to consider improper or inappropriate: *L@
teyrine mayi ew ferman[a] ha ne li ditin
(SW- 1 ) But other birds considered this order
inappropriate; -r@ je dernexistin (XF) to be
unable to find a way out of a situation, not to
know which way to turn: *M. geleki §a§ ft
Keyri ma, t’u re je dernexist (EP-7) M. was
perplexed and bewildered, he didn’t know what
to do next; -fe k’etin (Z-l) to set out (on a trip),
hit the road: •Meme we sib£ fe k’eve (Z-l)
Mem will set out tomorrow; -fe kirin = to see
s.o. off, escort; to send. See fekirin; -riya fk-e,
ft-i k'i§andin (XF) to wait for s.o., stg.: *Me
gele wext ria ape §evav k'i§and (Ba2-4, p.222)
We waited for Uncle Shavav for a long time; -fe le
girtin. See f£l§girtin; -r£ xwe§ kirin (VoA) to
facilitate, set the stage for, prepare the way for. {also:
rek (SK-2); [ri] ^ (JJ); <re> ^ (HH)} [syn: dirb I)
[Pok. ret(h) 866.] 'to run, roll’ & [Pok. roto- 866.]
'wheel': Skt ratha- in. = 'carriage'; Av & O P raBa- =
’wagon' & Av raiBya- = ’road'; P rah o)y, Sor re
fej !rega IS2j/rege <&j) Za ray £ (Mal/Todd);
512
Hau fa f. (M4); cf. also Lat rota = 'wheel'
[F/K/A/JB3/Ifb/B/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/ GF/TF/OK//JJ]
<kolan II; k’uge; zikak>
rebaz jlZj f. (~a;-e). method; procedure; policy:
• Dewlet gi dixwaze, ew t& we§andin. Dewlet
gi difikire, ew t£ parastin. Qapemeniya ku li
diji wan rebazan derkeve, li diji rejime
t§ qebUlkirin (AW71D2) Whatever the state
wants, gets published. Whatever the state thinks,
gets protected. If the press comes out against these
policies, it is considered to be against the regime
•Gelo welaten ku ji sedi yeka rebazen
gerduni yen mafen mirovan u ewlekariya
can§ mirovan neparastibin, dikarin xwe
weki "abideya demokrasiy£ n ni§an bidin?
(AW72C2) Can countries which have not observed
even one percent of the universal procedures for
human rights and security call themselves ”a shrine
of democracy”? •KT'e li diji kurdan u PKK'e
her r§baz ceriband (AW77C2) Turkey has
tried every method against the Kurds and the PKK.
Sor rebaz jL5j = 'way through, passage, procedure,
way of life; policy, principle’ [(neol)AW/Ifb
/OK/ AD]
reber m.&f. (~e/ ; ). 1 ) ( syn: beled II; rezan}
guide; 2) leader; 3) [syn: fewi] traveler (B). {also:
rayber (IF- 2 ); rehber (B)) Cf. P rahbar ^j-> T rehber
freberi) [K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK//B]
r§beri f (-ya;-y§). guidance, leadership:
•...Eger ke§kele bit §arezakar§ qewmi, de
r§beriya wan ket bo reket helaki (SK 4:43) If
the magpie becomes the guide of a people, he will
lead them along the roads of destruction. Sor
feberayeti [SK/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <reber>
r§bir m. (j. bandit, brigand, highwayman, {also: [ri-
bir] (JJ); <rebir/reber> (HH)) {syn: k’ele§ II;
nijdevan) < re = ’road’ + bir- = 'to cut' jrebifi}
[JR/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/OK//JJ] <diz>
r§biri ^Zj f. (). brigandage, banditry, highway
robbery, {also: [ribiri] (JJ)) {syn: k’ele§i;
nijdevani) [K/GF//JJ] <rebi?>
r8g I jZy. ~r6g kirin (Sim/A) to sweep off, scrape
(snow, animal pen): *Keye gunde me ... li ser
pi§ta xaniy§ xwe berf li gel azep§ xwe
rSgdikir (Cankurd:RN 2 56[1998] 11) The head of
our village ... was on the roof of his house sweeping
off the snow with his unmarried [son?], {also: rej kirin
(Qrj); re§ II kirin (Kr§/Mzg); [retch kirin] (yj? (JJ)}
{syn: gezi kirin; mali§tin)
[Slm/Cankurd/A//JJ/Kr§/Mzg//Qrj] <verotin>
Teg’ II j f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: dews [2]; §op) trace, track:
-r§g’a fk-e/ft-f g tiyin (B) to follow in
s.o.’s tracks or footsteps; 2 ) mountain path (A).
{also: [ritch] (JJ); <reg> (HH)1
[Fischer&Jastrow/K/A/JB3/lFb/B/HH/GF
/TF/OK//JJ] <ta V>
re* dan vt. (re -d-). 1 ) {syn: hi§tin; izin dan}
to permit, let, allow: «Tu r& didi min, ez
bibuhurim [biborim] (Msr) You allow me
to pass; -te le nedan (K) to bar s.o.’s way,
prevent s.o. from passing; 2 ) [/ (-a; ).] {syn:
izin} permission: # Redana te heye ez
bikevim hundur? (Msr) May I have your
permission to enter? {also: re dayin (B)}
[Msr/Wlt/IFb/GF/AD//Bl
re dayin ^) jJj (B) = to permit. See redan,
rehesin (IFb/JB3/GF) = railroad. See rSfiesin.
rehesin /. (). railway, railroad:
•bombeavejen me en sivik ... li §argeh
... li rehesinen erde KaparanikayS
xistine (RN) Our lightweight bombers have
struck the railways of the land of Kaparanika
from the air. {also: rehesin (IFb/JB3/GF);
reyahesin (A); fiya hesin (F)} Cf. P rah-i ahan
Sor rega-y asin ^IsSj
[RN/JB3/IFb/GF//K//A//F]
rehl m. (Elk) = forest. See r§l.
rehtin (Bw) = to pour, spill. See retin I.
rej kirin qJ*' y.j (Qrj) = to sweep, scrape. See rdg I.
rek Jbj (SK) = road, way. See r§.
re*kirin vt. (re-k-). 1 ) {also: ve rekirin}
{syn: hinartin; §andin) to send, dispatch: •Cl
gar-sed meran, sed §emdinan, sed Girdi, sed
Herki, sed Mizuri, ko ewe xo bi
mefi<b>hbet te dizanin, digel Teto r§
ke Rezge (SK 61:754) And send 400 men,
100 Shemdinan, 100 Girdi, 100 Herki, 100
Mizuri, who regard themselves as your adherents,
with Tato to Razga; 2) {also: kirin re) to see
s.o. off, escort: •De-bavS wana u cim'eta
Kilhani§ ew r§ kirin n@g’ir§ (Ba) Their
parents and the people of Kilhani (=Canaan)
saw them off [on their] hunting [trip]; 3) [fj
escort(ing), seeing s.o. off (K). {also: [be ri kirin]
c>i^c^ OJ)} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF//JJ]
See also ver£kirin.
rekkeftin (Zeb) = to agree. See r£kk 5 etin.
r£k«k’etin vi. (rek-k’ev-). 1 ) to agree, come
to an agreement; 2) to coincide with. { also: rekkeftin
(Zeb); rekkevtin (OK)) Sor re[k]kewtin ^j<*f[cil]3j =
'to come to agreement’ & re[k]kewt oj«ST J.]3j =
’chance happening’ [Zeb//GF//OK]
<li hev hatin>
rekkevtin (OK) = to agree. See rekk’etin.
r§k d p£k d^Jjj/rikdpfik [TF]/ r£kupek
[OK] adj. regular, well arranged,
methodical, systematic: •£alakiyen ku li
Frankfurt£ her roja penc§em£ bi awayekt
rSkdpdk dihatin li dar xistin, doh bidawt
bdn (CTV214) Activities which were conducted
regularly every Thursday in Frankfurt, came to an
end yesterday •...Em demokrasiyeke bi
rekupek dixwazin d em dixwazin Ke§eya
Kurd bi riyeke demokratik gareser bibe
(AW72D2) ...We want systematic democracy, and
we want the Kurdish issue to be resolved
democratically »Li Tehrane bi temami jiyan
bi r£k d pek bd (CTV129) In Tehran life was
totally regular. Sor rek-u-pek = ’well
arranged, in good order’ [IFb/GF//TF//OK]
r£k d p£ki [AW]/rekdp£ki [CTV]
«• ««
£ Q. regularity, methodicalness: *Di daxuyaniye
de ku t£ diyar kirin, digel ku Tirkiye
endam£ neteweydn yekbdy! ye, !§kence li
vi welati birekupeki berdewam dike
(CTV170) In the communique it is stated that
although Turkey is a member of the United
Nations, torture systematically continues in that
country •Di nava destana Siyabend d Xec£
de gewtiyeke r£zimani ku bi rek ft peki
hatiye dubarekirin tevliheviya pirjimariya
bi alikariya l£kere ye (AW77C3) In the story
of S. and Kh., a grammatical error which is
regularly repeated is the confusion of plurals with
the help of the verb. [AW/CTV]
r§k*xistin vt (r£k-x[!n]-). 1 ) to organize,
arrange, set up; 2) {also: rekxisti (VoA)) [£ ().]
organization, association, [also: rexistin (TF/OK-2))
Sor rekxistin «Jjj = ’to organize, arrange’ &
rekxiraw 3 = ’organization' [A/IFb/OK//TF]
fekxisti (VOA) = organization. SeerSkxistin.
rel Jjj £ (). {syn: daristan; dehl [ 2 ]; me§e) a) forest,
woods, copse, small grove of trees; b) large forest
(Elk): -bi dehl ft r£lan (BX) through the woods,
(also: ler m. (SK); lire m. (F); rehl, m. (Elk); [rel]
Jij OJ)) [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//JJ//SK//F//Elk] <darl>
r£l§girtin [Wlt]/r8 1£ girtin qsJ* &
[IFb/XF] vt. (r£ le -g[i]r-). l) to bar, obstruct,
block (s.o.’s way)’, to stop, prevent, hinder; 2 ) [/.
(-a; ).] barring, obstructing, blocking (s.o.’s way);
stopping, prevention, hindering: •Armanca
damezrandina ve grdb£ ldkolinkirin d
rel£girtina wan b£mafi d sitembariy£n, ku
li diji gele Kurd gedibin e (Wit 1:37, p.16)
The purpose of establishing this group is the
investigation and prevention of the human rights
violations [lit. ’injustice and tormenting’] that are
being perpetrated against the Kurdish people.
[Wlt/IFb/XF]
fentin (-fen-) (Msr) = to watch, look at. See
n£rin.
res (A/IFb/GF/FJ) = woolen yarn. See ris.
resi £ (-ya; ). bunches or bales of dried grass
or hay used for animal fodder: *Zistana,
herk’es coht dike, Ketta dib£ bihar; kd
bu bihar, dest bi a§ef u ristya dikin. Kd
risi jt xelas bdn, paleyt diderkeve (HR-I
1:42-43) In winter, everyone plows, until it is
spring; when spring comes, they begin weeding
and making bales of hay. When the bales are done,
it’s time to harvest; -rdsiya giyay (Zeb) do.
{also: fisi (HR-I/IFb- 2 ); <risi> (HH))
[HR-I/HH//Zeb/A/IFb/TF]
resin (IF) = to spin wool. See r@stin.
respi (Rondot) = village elder. See rfspi.
r£stin vt. (-res-). 1 ) to spin (wool) (vt.) :
•Kegik radibe ser zin£r, te§iya xwe dir§se
(J) The girl climbs up on the cliff, [and] spins [wool
with] her distaff; 2 ) to pass, cross over, travel, {also:
resin (IF- 2 ); fistin (IF- 2 /BK/M); [ristin] (JJ);
cristin (direse) (HH)} [Pok I. rei-
857ff.] ’to scratch, tear, cut’ ~> [reik(h)- --> reik-]:
Skt res- = ’to pluck, tear our’; O Ir *rais- (Tsb 40):
Av rae§-/iri§- = ‘to wound, damage’; Baluchi
resag/resay = ’to spin, weave’; P ristan ri§tan
qjJIj = ’to spin (wool)' & abrisam = ’silk'; Sor
(-res-); Za [ri§ti§] (Mal)/resena [resti§] (Srk);
514
Hau restey (res-) vt (M4) [S 8 dE/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/BK]
<hevirmi§; hiri; liva; ragandin; ns; t’e§i>
re§ I (IFb) = skin irritation. See ri§.
fe§ II kirin c j JiZ^j (Kr§/Mzg) = to sweep, scrape. See
r 6 g I.
re§i (IFb/Tof) = tassel. See ri§i.
re§tin (JBl-S/OK/M) = to pour, spill. See retin I.
r§tin I qsljj vt. (-rej-). to pour, spill (vt). [also:
rehtin (Bw); re§tin (JB 1 -S/OK- 2 /M- 2 ); [retin] qzjj
(]J); <retin (direje) (HH)) [syn:
rijandin) [Pok leiku- 669.] 'to leave' + “root
*wleik- = 'to flow, run' related by some to [this Pok
root], but more likely a separate IE form” (Am Her,
p. 1526): O Ir *raik- (Tsb 40): Av raek- (pres.
raeCaya) = ’to pour’; P rlxtan (-rlz-) [y > mJ ); Sor
ri§tin j (-rej-) = ’to pour, apply (color), adorn,
make up (face), darken w. kohl (eyes)' & rijan ^)jj
(-rije-) = 'to be spilled’; Za ri§yena = ’to be spilled’
& Za rijnena [rijnayi§] (Srk)/ri§nena [ri§nayi§]
(Todd) = ’to spill (vt.)’; cf. also Lat liqueo, -ere = 'to
be fluid’ [F/BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/OK/M//JBl-
S//Bw] <fijandin; rijm>
retin II Qjlij (IFb) = to defecate. See ritin.
rev <*jjj (IFb/OK) = pubic hair. See rov.
revaguyin l£>j (B) = to walk. See bi re ve gun.
revaz jt&j (Bw) = rhubarb. See rib£s.
" T
reveber (IFb) = director. See fevebir.
*
Fevebir in. (). director, manager, person in
charge: •Hfln rSvebiren Komeleya Mafen
Mirovan, ji bo dema pe§ gi bername
amade kirine (Wit 1:39, p. 16) You directors of
the committee for Human rights, what are you
planning for the near future? [lit. ’for the time
before (us) what programs have you prepared’].
[also: reveber (IFb)) [syn: mezin [4]; serek etc.}
< Sor bereweber = 'manager, director,
person in charge’ < be re’we birdin j =
'to manage, direct, lead' [(neol)Wlt//IFb] <bi fe ve
birin>
revebirin (IFb) = to conduct, run. See bi r@
ve birin.
fevegun (K) = to walk. See bi r§ ve gftn.
r§vin adj. covered with mud, muddy; dirty,
soiled’ [Rnh/K/JB3/IFb/GF]
r§vi (J&j (Qzl) = fox. See rovi I.
rewas (IFb) = rhubarb. See ribes.
rawing (TF) = traveler. See rGwi.
rewingi (TF) = journey. See fewiti.
r§wi m. (~y§; ). traveler, wayfarer: # Ji r§wyan
• •
yeki gote hevale xwe (Dz) One of the travelers
said to his companion •Herdu rewiy§ birgi
gftne gome (Dz) both of the hungry travelers went
to the animal pen •Gelek rewing& mina te ji
re dadgerine CEP-7) She leads many travelers like
you astray [lit. ’from the road’], [also: rewing (TF);
rewing (EP-7); [rewinghi] L ps J (JJ); crewi
^.j/rewengi L 5 S^. J > (HH)) [syn: reber [3]) = Sor
rebwar jl^Jj/rebigar jl CZj [Sinneh]; Hau rawier m.
(M4) (rewiti; rewingi) [K/IFb/B//TF//HH//JJ] <re>
rewing j (EP-7) = traveler. See rewi,
r§wit! £ (-ya;-y§). journey, trip; travel: »Eger
■ •
dawiya v§ r$witiy§ nehata, ew her ft her
bidomiya! Le eger vegera r@witiya min
tunebftya? (MUm, 12) What if this trip never
came to end, but just went on and on! What if there
was no return from my trip? [also: rewingi (TF)}
(syn; sefer) [Z-l/IFb/B/GF//TF] <rewi>
rex (K/F/B/Srk) = cow manure. See fix.
rexistin (TF/OK) = to organize. See fekxistin.
reyahesin (A) = railroad. See r§fiesin.
fez I J>j £ (-a;-e). 1 ) [syn: xet) line, file, row: -rftza
g’iya (B) mountain chain; -rez kirin = to arrange
in a row or line, to line up; to draw a line; to
outline: # Di nav gargoveya qanftndn
Almanya de wezifeyen Heyva Sor wiha
ten rezkirin... (Wit 2:59, p.4) Within the
framework of the German legal system [lit. ’the laws
of Germany’] the duties of the red Crescent can be
outlined as follows...; 2 ) unit in formation (mil),
[also: [riz] ^ (JJ); <rez>^j (HH)}
[K/A/JB3/IF/B/HH/TF//JJ] <fezik>
r§z II jjj £ (). respect, honor: -rez girtin
(GF/TF/OK) to respect, honor, [syn: giram; hurmet
[3]; me’rifet; qedir I; rumet) Sor rez = ’respect’
(K 2 /Hej) [(IFb)/GF/TF/OK] c’erz; namus; §eref>
r§zan in. (). guide, leader, {syn: beled II; feber
[ 1 & 2 ]} <re = ’road’ + zan- = ’to know’ [BX/K/A/IFb]
r§zdar I adj. regular, according to the rules
(K/IF/TF): -lekera r§zdar (IF) regular verb, [syn:
fast [4]; ^berez} [(neol)K/IF/TFj <fez I>
rezdar II a ^j- honorable, respected; Mister:
• Hemft w£jedost@n Kurd li ba§hr6
Kurdistan^ vi navi dinasin, torevaneki
(w§jevaneki) rfizdar, biriimet ft
515
R
ni§timanperwer (Wit 2:73, p.13) All Kurdish
literature lovers in northern Kurdistan know this
name, a respected, renowned, and patriotic
litterateur. [syn; bifez) [VoA/IFb/OK] <rez II>
r£z*ik f. (•ka; ). line (of writing, poetry , etc.):
•Malikek ji dfi-s£-gar r£zkan gddibit (Bw) A
stanza is made up of two, three, or four lines.
<dim. of r£z I [Bw/K/GF/TF] <malik>
r£zil JjZj f. (-a; ). chain. [Haz]
reziman jLjpj f. (W1 t/Me tin)/m.(K/OK ) (-a/ ;-§/ ).
grammar: ®Le beri lijne bihet Iraqe daxaz ji
hindek zimanzan d xemxur u zanayen
Kurdan kir ku rezimaneke bo zaroken
devera Kurdistane berhevken (Metin
77[1998], 50) But before the committee came to
Iraq, it asked some Kurdish linguists and
intellectuals to put together a grammar [book] for
children of the region of Kurdistan •pekanina
rastnivis u rezimaneke rast u hevgirti (Wit
2 : 100 , p. 2 ) the creation of a correct and consistent
orthography and grammar, [also: rezman (IFb- 2 ))
Sor rezman [(neol)Wlt/K/IFb/TF/OK]
<ziman>
rezman qL£j (IFb) = grammar. See reziman.
rezom f. (JB3) = vineyard. See Tez.
ribad jLj (SK) = decoy partridge. See ribat.
ribat 0 L>j in. or adj. (). trained hunting partridge,
decoy partridge: *Disa Derwe§ c Eli weki kewe
ribad qebqeb kir (SK 60:726) Once again
Dervish Ali cooed like a decoy partridge, [also:
ribad (SK); <ribat> LLj (HH)} < Ar Vr-b-t kjj = 'to
tie, bind' [SK//A/IFb/GF/TF//HH] <kew I>
rib£s f (). 1) rhubarb, bot. Rheum [T i§kin
otu/okgun otu/ravent]; 2 ) sorrel, dock, bot.
Rumex , Oxalis (fJ/GF). [also: rewas (K); revaz (Bw);
rewas (IFb- 2 ); ribez (GF- 2 ); ribez (Btm[HatKatke]);
rivas (GF- 2 ); rivaz (TF); [ribas] oj (JJ)} Cf. P ribas
^Ljj /rlvas = rhubarb; sorrel’; Sor rewas
= 'rhubarb'
[B tm [Hatfiatke] / / A/IFb/GF//K//TF //JJ//B w]
<giyabend>
ribez >j (GF) = rhubarb. See rib£s.
ribisi (IFb) = irrigated land. See rifse.
ricaf jU-j f. (-a;-§). shivering, trembling, [also: ricif
(IFb/B)) < Ar rajafa ui>j = 'to tremble, to shake'
(vi.) [Z-l/K/GF//IFb/B]
rical JU.j adj. childless (of married couple). { syn:
warkor) [Bw]
ricif ob»j (IFb/B) = shivering. See ricaf.
ricifandin jjjii>j vt. (-ricifin-).l) to shake stg.
(vt.) , to agitate, cause to tremble: •Li ber defa
sing£ xwe erbaneyek£ bi e§q d hunereke
wele diricifine (Tof, p.7) He shakes a
tambourine in front of his chest with such passion
and skill; 2 ) to have fever (JJ/Lx). [also: [rijifandin]
Qjyj Lb*j (JJ)} < Ar rajafa j = 'to tremble, to
shake’ (vi.) [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <ricifin>
ricifin vi. (-ricif-). to tremble, shake (vi.).
[also: [redjefin] (JJ); crecifin (direcife)
(HH)) [syn: hejin; kil II hun; lerzin) < Ar
rajafa ob»j = 'to tremble, to shake' (vi.)
[F/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ] <ficifandin>
ridin qj j j (SK) = beard. See rih I.
rifsandin vt. (-rifsin-). to irrigate, [also:
rebisandin (GF/M-Zx); rewisandin (GF- 2 );
<rebisandin> jjjLoaj (Hej)) [syn: rifse kirin) < Arc
rabes fill = 'to sprinkle' & Heb ribets yUl = ’to
irrigate by sprinkling' [Zeb/IFb/OK//GF/Hej/M-Zx]
rifse <^3j m. (). wet land, irrigated land: -rifse kirin
(MD-Byt) to irrigate [syn: rifsandin): »Eze zeviya
mi rifse kiri eze bikelim (MD-Byt, p.161) I
will plough the field that I irrigated, [also: ribisi
(IFb- 2 ); <rebase> (HH)) < Arc rabes fill = 'to
sprinkle’ & Heb ribets fill = 'to irrigate by
sprinkling' [MD-Byt/IFb/GF/OK] <dem>
rih I Aj f (-a; ). beard: -rih berdan = to grow a
beard: •Ru berdeye = He grew a beard; -rih
hi§tin = do.; -rih direj kirin (F) do. [also: ridin
(SK); ri (BX/IFb-2/GF-2); ru [5] (K/B); [reh ojri ^1
(JJ);<rih> oj (HH)) Cf. Southern Tati dialects (all f. ):
Chali, Takestani, Eshtehardi, Xiaraji & Sagz-abadi
risa f. (Yar-Shater); P rls Sor riden ^ jj/ri§
Za erdi§ (Todd)/erdi§i/eri§e/eri§i (Mai) f.\ Hau
ri§ m. (M4) [A/IFb/JB3/HH/GF//BX// K/B//JJ//SK]
<ru; sim[b]el>
rih II Aj (IFb/SK/GF) = root; vein; nerve. See Teh.
Riha 1 Aj f. ( ;-ye). Urfa, a city in Turkish
Kurdistan, according to local legend the birthplace
of the prophet Abraham/Ibrahim. It is the capital
of the il or vilayet (^province) of Urfa ["§anhurfa"],
and its main administrative districts are: Birecik,
Surug, Akgakale, Viran§ehir, Siverek, Hilvan,
Bozova, and Halfeti. in Crusader times, it was
516
known as Edessa and its language was Syriac.
Today the principal languages spoken in the
province are Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, and Zaza:
-Liwa Rihaye (BX) the district/province of Urfa;
-Valitiya Ruhaye (BK) The governorship of Urfa.
[also: Reha; Ruha (BK/IF-2); [urfa] Ujl (JJ)} Cf. Ar al-
raha l*J1; Arm Urha[y] fiLnAuij [BX//BK/IF]
riha zer jojlAj (Dh/Zeb/IFb/OK/CB) = turmeric. See
T
reha zer.
rihdirej adj. long-bearded: # Ba§ bu ye ku li
deri xist ne Perwine, le parsekeki kal,
rihdirej ft pi§ttewiyayi bu (KS, p.39) It was
good that the one who knocked on the door was
not Perwin, but rather an old, long-bearded beggar
with a bent back. { also: rudirej (K); [reh dirij] JpjJoj
(JJ)} [KS//JJ//K]
rihel J *jt>j (L) = festive clothing; trousseau. See rihal.
rihet (IF) = calm. See Tibet,
riheti ^ (L/RZ) = comfort. See Tebeti.
rihsipi (A) = village elder. See Tispi.
rihsiten j (TF) = taker of souls. See Tuhistin.
rihspi = village elder. See rispi.
riti £y (Z-2/HH) = soul, spirit. See Tuh.
rihal f (J- 1 ) festive clothing, one’s "Sunday
best"; 2) woman's bridal trousseau (A); the things a
bride needs to bring with her to her husband's
house (HH). [also: rehel (A); relial (K); rihel (L);
[rihal] JUj (JJ); <reliel> (HH)) [Z- 1 /JJ//L//
K//A//HH] ccihaz; dermal!; k’inc; libs; qelen>
Tibet adj. 1 ) peaceful, calm, quiet, tranquil;
comfortable: # Ez rahet im (JB3) I am well; -xwe
Tibet kirin = to rest, relax; 2) easy, simple; 3) [n.]
peace, calm (HH). [also: rahet (K/JB3); rahet (SK);
rehet (IFb); reliet (B); rihet (IF- 2 ); [rahet] co.lj (JJ);
<rahet> (HH)) < Ar rahah j = 'rest, repose,
leisure’; Sor rehet = 'tranquil' (rahet!
(K/JB3); rahet[i] (SK); rehet! (IFb); rehet (JBl-S);
rehet!; riheti (L/RZ); rihet! (K))
[K/JB 3//IFb//B//JJ/HH/SK]
rihet! (K) = comfort. See Tebeti.
rihin (Z- 2 ) = pledge, deposit. See Tehin.
Tihsivik ULo.j [GF]/Tihsivik adj. likeable,
amiable, affable: *Gele Kurd rihsivik e (Wit
2:59, p.16) The Kurds are an amiable people. <rih
[fuh] = ’soul' + sivik = 'light (of weight)' [Wlt/GF]
rihsten (GF) = taker of souls. See Tuhistin.
rihstin (GF) = taker of souls. See Tuhistin.
rij jj adj. plain, dry (of rice, bulgur, etc. without fat or
butter), [also: rij! (B)/rij! (IFb/GF/TF); ruji (IFb- 2 );
[reji] (JJ); <rij!> (HH)) [syn: berun; kemrun;
t’isi [2]) [Qzl/A//B/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <givir>
Tijandin vt. (-rijin-). to spill; to pour: *Pa§a
der-kewt e seyrane, qiyas§ sed gustirSt z§T
digel xo birin. ... Kisike gustiran ji berlka
xo ina der, got e xulaman, "Ez de wi
kisikey Tijinim. Her kese hindi hel-girit
bo wi bin. Ez de hespe xo xar dem, gim e
serkaniye betta hung ten." Kisik rijand (SK
22:200) The Pasha went out for an excursion,
taking about a hundred gold rings with him. ... He
brought the bag of rings out of his pocket and said
to the henchmen, "I shall pour out (the rings in) this
bag. However many each person picks up, they are
for him. I shall gallop my horse off to the spring
until you come." He poured out the bag. [also:
crijandin (dirijine) («ujJjj}> (HH)) [syn:
retin} Cf. P rlxtan (-rlz-) Gpj}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/SK/GF/TF/BK] <retin; rijm>
Tijd j jj adj. 1) [syn: gikus; giruk [2]) selfish, stingy,
parsimonius, greedy, miserly; 2 ) insistent (Zeb).
[also: rijde (GF); ri§t (Zeb)) Mid P ruzd = 'greedy'
(M3); Sor Tijd jjj = ’parsimonius, miserly' (rijdi}
[IFb//GF]
rijde ojjj (GF) = stingy. See Tijd.
rijdi /. (-ya; ). 1 ) [syn: tima) stinginess, greed,
parsimony, miserliness; 2 ) insistence (Zeb/R):
•Yekgirtb di dezgehet xo yet ragihandinS
da rijdi (israr) ya xo li ser paristina ve
ezmona dimukrati eva li Kurdistan^ diyar
kir (R 15 [4/12/96] p. 2 ) In its media, Yekgirtu [an
Islamic movement] has stated its insistence on
preserving this democratic experiment in
Kurdistan. Cf. Mid P ruzdlh = ‘greed’ (M3)
[IFb/GF/Zeb/R] <rijd>
rijhan (Jjtjj (-rijhe-) (M-Zx) = to be poured out. See
Tijin.
rijiyan jbjj (JB3) = to be poured out. See Tijin.
rij! (B)/riji ^j (IFb/GF/TF) = plain (of food). See
•* ••
rij.
Tijin (jjjj vi. (-Tij-). 1) to be poured out, spilt; to
pour, spill (vi.) : # Cav§ te birije! (SW) May your
eyes fall out (lit, 'be poured out') [curse]; 2 ) (syn;
xuricin) to fall (stars) : *Ew mina steirkeke ge§
bti, weki ji '6zmana birije (EP-7) He was like a
517
bright star which falls from the heavens, {also:
rijhan (-rijhe-) (M-Zx); rijiyan (JB3-2); rijyan (-rijye-)
(M/SK); ri§tin (-ri§-) (Bw/M-Gul); [rejiian] jLjj (JJ);
<rijin ^jj (diriji) (HH)} [EP-7/K/A/JB3/
IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ//M//Bw] <retin; rijandin>
rijyan jLjj (-rijye-) (M/SK) = to be poured out. See
rijin.
rik’ f. [ ;-@). 1 ) (syn: serhi^ki; serk’e§i}obstinacy,
stubbornness (K/A/HH): -rik girtin (Zeb) to be
stubborn; 2 ) anger (K): »Merye aqilsivik
t’ucara 1& meke rik’ (Dz-#1083) Never make a
foolish man angry [prv.] # rik h hersa kltleyan
(Ber) the anger of the masses; 3) hostility, bad
feelings, ill will, dislike, hatred, {also: rik’a ( ;-e
/rik’e) (B); [rik J \J rikn jfJ (JJ); <rik> Jj (HH)}
[Ber/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF?TF//B]
rik’a 15j ( ;-e/fik’e) (B) = stubbornness. See rik’.
rike oS'j (-ya; ) (K[s]/IFb/GF/OK) = bird cage. See reke.
rikewj*^ (A/IFb) = bird cage. See reke.
rik’§b f. (-a;-e). 1 ) ( syn: zengu} stirrup: -lingd
xwe kirin rik’eba[n] (K) to put one's foot in the
stirrup; 2 ) spur(s) (K): -hesp rik’eb kirin (K) to
spur on (horse) ; 3) onslaught, onset, charge (K):
-rik’&b kirin (K) to rush upon, charge at, throw
o.s. at: # Siabend rik’ev kir li ort’a meydane
(IS) Siyabend rushed into the middle of the field;
4) {syn: lec} competition, contest (K): -hevra
k’etin rik’ebe (K) to compete with, {also: rik’ef
(B- 2 ); rik’ev (B); [rikib] (JJ); <rikeb>
(HH)} < Ar rikab f, = stirrup’ [EP-7/K/JB3/
JBl-S/IFb/HH/GF/TF//JJ//B]
rik’ef <JlSj (B) = stirrup; spur; contest. See rik’eb.
rik’ev J£Sj (B) = stirrup; spur; contest. See rik’§b.
rikke ^S30, m. (-ye; ) (GF) = bird cage. See reke.
rim m./f.(B) (-&/-a; /-§). 1 ) {syn: ni§tir; nize}
spear, lance, javelin; 2 ) unit of measure the length
of a spear (SW): »Ji jer de du rima bilind u ji
jor de ji rimek bilind (SW) Two "spears" high
from below and one "spear" high from above.
{also: rimb (K[s]); [rim] ^ (JJ); <rim> ^ (HH)} < Ar
rumh - 'spear'
[L/Swhc/A/IFb/B/JJ/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <tir I; zerg>
rimb ^j (K[s]) = spear. See rim.
rind jj j adj . 1) {syn: ba§; ge; law [4] (Bw); qenc;
xwe§) good: •P’ir rind e! = It's very good! «Min
rind kir xwar (Ks) I'm glad I ate them or I'm not
sorry I ate them or It's a good thing I ate them; 2 )
{syn: bedew; cindi; spehi} beautiful, {also: [rind] jJj
(JJ); <rind> jj j (HH)} (rindayi; rindi} Cf. P rend juj
—> T rind = 'jolly, unconventional, humorous man'
[K/A/JB 3/IFb/B /JJ/HH/GF]
rindayi j f. (). 1) {syn: ba§i; qenci} goodness;
2) {syn: bedewti; spehiti} beauty, {also: rindi (K-2
/IFb/GF); [rindi] (JJ)} [K/B//IFb/JJ/GF] <rind>
rindi j (K/IFb/JJ/GF) = goodness; beauty. See
• •
rindayi.
risin j (GF) = nosebleed. See riskyan.
riskin j (GF) = nosebleed. See riskyan.
riskyan ^LsCj vi. (-riskyd-). 1) {syn: *verestin (Dh)}
to have a nosebleed: »Difna wi ya riskiya (Zeb)
His nose is bleeding; 2) to become granulated (of
honey or grape molasses): # Do§ava me ya
riskiyay (Zeb) Our grape molasses has become
granulated (at the bottom of a container); 3) [f. ().]
nosebleed: -difin riskyan (OK) do. {also: risin
(GF-2); riskin (GF)} [Zeb/OK//GF]
rispi L5r .j (SK) = village elder. See rispi.
rispiati (SK) = eldership. See rispiti.
ristin (IF/BK/M) = to spin wool. See Testin.
ri§k Jj;j f. [ ;-e). nit, louse larva. | also: [richk] Azj
(JJ); <ri§k> d-ij (HH)} Skt liksa- (Tsb2, p.61); Pashto
rica <*riska; Oss lysk c ; P reSk jLty Sor ri§k Jjjj &
metulke aSJ^ [Hk/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ GF/TF/OK]
cnutik; spi II>
ri§m»e m. (•§; ). 1) small silver chain as
♦
ornament on horse's bridle (JJ); 2) (syn: hevsar;
rext} harness; halter (A): -rext fl ri§me (Z-l)
harness and bridle (of a horse), {also: re§me (GF-2);
[rechme] (JJ); <re§ime> (HH)} cf. Ar
rasmah = 'halter' [Z-l/K/A/IFb/GF//JJ//HH]
ri§t (Zeb) = selfish; insistent. See rijd.
ri§tin (-ri§-) (Bw/M-Gul) = to be poured out. See
rijin.
ritil I Jjj /. ( ;-e). unit of weight : 2.5 kg. (K);
formerly, 10 pounds [Rus $yHT] (B); 8 kg. (IFb); 18
pounds [Fr livre: 1 livre = 1.1 lb. av.] (JJ): ‘Em se-
gar ritil titun li kere xwe e lexer bar dikin
(MB) We load three or four rotls of tobacco onto
our decrepit donkey, {also: [ritel] JLj (JJ); <ritil>
Jij (HH)} (syn: batman I[l]} Cf. Ar rati Jij = ’roll,
a weight (Eg. 449.28 g [15 3/4 oz.], Syr. 3.202 kg.
[5 lbs.], Beirut & Aleppo 2.566 kg.)' < Gr litra
Aixpcx; Turoyo ritlo, m./raflo, f. = 'appr. 8-10 kg.'
518
(HR2); NA ri{l& f. = ’a pound weight'
(Maclean) [MB/K/A/IFb/B/TF//JJ//HH] cbatman I>
ritil II Jjj F (). scrotum, {also: [rotl] Jjj (JJ-G); <fitil>
Ju (Hej)) [IFb/OK/Hej//JJ] <bati; gun; helik>
riven (GF) = flame. See rivin.
rivin (jJj F. (-a; ). flame: •fizingd min edi tu
rivin nedida (E§ p.16) My firewood gave no
more flames, {also: riven (GF- 2 )} ( syn: agir = ar I;
alav; p’et) [E§/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
Tiwayet oXjj f. (). account, narrative, story; version:
-riwayet kirin (K/JR) to tell, recount {syn: neqil
kirin). ( also: rewayet (K); [rouvaiet] oj. U, (JJ)) < Ar
riwayah idjj = 'narrative; novel’ [K//IFb/JJ]
<g’irok; hekyat; $ax>
riwin qj s j (IFb) = liquid. See Ton II.
rix^j (Mzg/IFb) = cow manure. See fix.
riyan jUj (TF) = to defecate. See fitin.
riyin (IFb) = to bark. See reyin I.
rizgari F (-ya;-ye). 1 ) {syn: azadi; serbesti)
freedom, liberty: •Teko§ina rizgariyd h§z
div§ (Ber) Striving for freedom requires force; 2)
liberation: *Rizgariya pireka Kurd, bi ya
netewa we ve H bi taybeti ji bi ya gina we
ve girSdayi ye (Ber #7, p. 10 ) The liberation of
the Kurdish woman is tied to the liberation of her
nation, and especially to the liberation of her class;
3) salvation (A/IFb/TF). Cf. P rastegarl =
’salvation’; Sor Tizgari ^ISjj = ’freedom, liberation'
[Ber/K/A/IFb/GF/TF] <azadi>
rizi adj. 1 ) decayed, dilapidated, worn out:
•Werise rizi beker e (AB) A worn-out rope is
useless; 2) {syn: petot; p’ug’ [3]} rotten: »Ev seva
ya rizi (Bw) Tbis apple is rotten; -rizi bUn (JB3)
to rot. {also: rizyayi (A); [rizi] (JJ))
[AB/K/IFb/JJ/TF/OK//A] <rizin>
rizin vi. (-fiz-). 1) {syn: helisin) to decay, rot:
•Kaxeten ko min li ser wan nivisfye, hedi
h@di dirizin kurm h mi§k wan dixun (RN)
The paper I wrote them on are slowly decaying,
and worms and mice are eating it; 2 ) to wear out
(vi.), become dilapidated (K). [also: rizi bun (JB3);
[rizin] (JJ); crizin (dirizi) C c 9 j J ^)> (HH))
Cf. Sor da*rizan jijl j (da-rize-) = ’to decompose,
fall to pieces' [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ OK/M/Bw]
<fesidin; herimin>
rizq jjj m. (-£;-i). one's daily bread; food,
sustenance, provision; reward: *Ya rebbi, tu
ridineki direj u pan il 'ezmaneki Ms
bideye kur£ min, edi hig rizqi nede wi,
bila rizqe wi li ser wi bit (SK 12:116) O God,
(if) you give my son a long and broad beard and a
smooth tongue, give him no further sustenance, let
his sustenance be on his own head, {also: [rizq
jjjj/risk JLJ (JJ); <rizq> jj j (HH))
< Ar rizq j jj <Mid P rozlg = 'daily bread' (Jeffery,
p. 142-43) & Parth roclk = 'food stuff; wages'
(Achar, vol. 4, p.l45ff.) [K/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/
SK/OK] <debirin>
rizyan»e <Xjj F (•a; ). fennel, anis, aniseed, bot.
Foeniculum vulgare. {also: razyane (IFb-2);
rizyanik (A/GF); rizyang (OK-2); rizyank (OK-2);
[reziana] (JJ-G); <rizyanik> JjLjj (HH)) P
raziyane «oLjb = ’fennel’ —> T rezene; Sor razyane
[ B w/ IFb/J J / OK//A /HH/ GF ] <heliz>
v
rizyang JjLjj (OK) = fennel. See rizyane.
rizyanik Jbljj j (A/GF) = fennel. See rizyane.
rizyank (OK) = fennel. See rizyane.
rizyayi (A) = worn out. See rizi.
ri (BX/IFb/GF) = beard. See rih.
ribez j [Btm[Hatbatke]) = rhubarb. See ribes.
" " » a
fin I qjj (BX/M/K/A) = to defecate. See ritin.
rin II qjj (IF) = liquid. See ron II.
ris m. (-e; ). l) woolen yarn, woolen thread,
worsted; 2 ) [adj.] made of woolen yarn: -gor@d ris
(B) woolen socks, {also: res (A/IFb-2/GF/FJ-2); [ris]
j»u (JJ); <ris> (HH)) Cf. Sor res =
'thickness of thread, yarn, etc.' & ris = 'thread,
string’ [Elk/Qzl/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/TF/FJ//A/GF] <gur
I; hiri; kulk; liva; restin>
risipi (GF) = village elder. See rispi.
risi (HR-I/IFb/HH) = bale of dried hay. See r£si.
♦ ♦
rispi m. (-ye; ). (white-bearded) old man;
village elder; "Every lineage has a number of elders
or ri spi [lit. ’white-beards’], who are supposed to
advise the agha and elect his successor but have no
real power" {from: Martin van Bruinessen. Agha,
shaikh and state : On the social and political
organization oFKurdistan. Doctoral dissertation
(Utrecht: Rijksuniversiteit, 1978), p. 81); “The
r£spi, whose name seems to be an allusion to the
white hair of the old men, are men of recognized
experience, revered more for their personal worth
and age than for the prestige of their bavik
[='patrilineal clan']. The entire village participates
519
R_
in choosing them, and the gatherings of these res pi
form a sort of council of elders.” (from: P. Rondot.
“Les tribus montagnardes de l’Asie anterieure,”
Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales, 6 (1936), 23):
• Tevda mina gotina rispi ft kalan e (LT-
Mi§o) It was all in all just as the aged and elderly
had said [it would be]; -ruspiye gund (K) village
elder, {also: respi (rondot); rihsipi (A); rihspi; rispi
(SK); risipi (GF); ruspi (K); [reh-sipi ^^oj/ri-spi
01); <respi> (HH)) < ri/rih = 'beard' +
s[i]pi = 'white'; Cf. P rls sefid = gray-beard,
elder'; Sor ridensipi C5 ~~o jj = do.; Za
• •
eri§sipi/sipyerdi§ m. (Mai); Hau ri§germe m. (M4);
cf. also T aksakal = 'community elder’; NA
diqnaxwara/xwardiqna = old man, elder' (Garbell)
/ _ * A « A * a A I A A A I A )
(nspiati; nspiti; ruspiti)
[IFb/B/JJ//HH//GF//A//SK//K//Rondot] <giregir;
kal I; maqul; pir>
rispiti f. ( ;-ye). eldership; obligations of the
village elder; carrying out of the obligations of the
village elder, {also: rispiati (SK); ruspiti (K)j
[B//SK//K] <fispi>
ri§ Jioj {. (-a; ). type of skin irritation, such as skin
cancer, {also: re§ I (IFb- 2 ); [rich] (JJ); <ri§>
(HH)} [Pok. I. rei- 857.] 'to cut, cleave'-->reis-: Av
raes- = 'to wound'; Mid P res = 'wound, sore' (M3);
P xis Jioj = 'wound, sore'; Sor re§ j = 'sore'
[Qzl/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
Ti§i m.(K/F)/f.(B) ( ; /-ye). 1) (syn; gulik [2];
gufik) fringe, tassels; filaments (K/B): *Re§iyen li
dora §ahra sere wi di ser hev de pel didin
(Tof, p.7) The tassels around his head band hit
against one another; -gulik d ri§i (Z-2) fringes
and tassels; 2 ) short, thick noodles (B); 3) sore,
pimple (K). (aiso: re§i (IFb-2/Tof); [rechi ^j/richi
urij] (JJ); <ri§i> (HH)) Cf. P rise
[Z- 2 /F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//Tof] <qutas>
ritin jjjqj vt. (-ri-J. to defecate, shit: *Pa§i eger
Mefimdd §ewket xo bizawtiba hinde pena
da li pi§ta wi dem ko li-bin xo ritiba (SK
36:323) Then if Mahmud Shevket had budged I
would have given him so many kicks in the back
that he would have fouled himself, [also: reyin II
(-rey-) (IFb-2); retin II (IFb-2); riyan (TF); rin
(BX/M/K/A); [ritin] (JJ); <ritin (diri)
C<£j*0> (HH)) Cf. Mid P rldan (riy-) (M3); P rldan
(-fin-) (Aj); Sor rin ^/rian u Lj/ritin ^
(Arbil) [BX/M/K/A//IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF//TF]
<destav; gu; miz; sergin>
rivas (GF) = rhubarb. See rib@s.
rivaz jU(TF) = rhubarb. See ribes.
rivi I (M-Ak) = fox. See rovi I.
rivi II (IFb) = intestines. See rovi II.
rivikore (IF) = blind gut, c[a]ecum. See under
rovi II.
riwi (SK) = intestines. See rovi II.
rix f. (-a;-e). the dung or manure of large
domestic animals such as cows (A/B); fresh cow
manure (IFb); the dung of cows or buffaloes (JJ); the
dung of large domestic animals, e.g. cows, in its
natural (moist) state, as opposed to sergtn = dried
dung ready for use as kindling fuel (Msr): •Bina
pez, dewer u rexe t’u cara ji mala
dernedik’et (Ba2-3, p. 213) The smell of sheep,
cattle and dung never left the house # Guri gtl ji
xwefa kevir anin, ji xwera xenikeki li ber
sergoye r§xe ge kir (Z-4) The mangie one went
and took some stones, [and] made himself a house
in front of a heap of cow manure, {also: rex
(K/F/B/Ba2/Srk); rix (Mzg/IFb); [rikh] (JJ); <rix>
(HH)) { syn: k’erme (Ag)) Cf. P rix = 'thin
excrement in a diarrhoea' (Msr/K§/A/jj/HH/GF/
TF/OK//K/F/B/Srk//Mzg/lFb] <deve II; k’erme; peyin;
qelax; sergin; tepik>
riya hesin L>j (F) = railroad. See reKesin.
ro 1 jb, (Ks/Ad/Kg/Ba/L/Rh/IFb) = day; sun. See Toj.
ro II m. (). river; small stream, brook (A/HH);
V
large river (Haz): -ro bun (B) to be spilled, poured
out [syn: retin I[ 2 ] ; rijin); -To kirin (B) to spill,
pour out {syn: retin I[l]; rijandin): *Kur der§
[=deve?] t’era vedikin, genim ro dikine
'erd§ (Ba-1, #3 7) The boys open the sacks [lit. 'the
doors (or: mouths) of the sacks'], and pour out the
wheat onto the ground; -roda = with/against the
stream, {also: <ro>jj (HH)) (syn: av [2]; g’em;
rubar; §et) OP rautah- n. = 'river' (Brand); P
rud[xane] [-oU.]^; Sor -ro $j/-to Jj = ’river’ (in
place names) ; Za Ro = 'Euphrates river'
[IF(s)/A/JB3/(B)/HH/Haz]
roava U’lSjj (K/IF/B) = west. See rojava.
robar jbjj (IFb/GF/TF/OK/JJ-G) = river. See rtibar.
V
roda bjj: -roda birin (B) to carry away (of rivers,
seas, etc.) ; -roda gun: a) to be carried away by
the water; b) {syn: xeriqin; xerq bun) to drown,
520
sink; c) {syn; beta vebun; (ji ber) winda bun) to
disappear, vanish; to be or get lost: *Cef§ wt
Toda gfl (B) His effort was for nothing •Gustilka
t’iliya min derk’et, Toda guye (Z-l) The ring
on [lit. of] my finger came off, [and] disappeared
(or, fell in the river), [also: [(be) roda(ni) tchouie]
C M (JJ)} [Z-l/K/B/JJ] <ro II>
rod! pL intestines, guts, {also: rodik (Msr- 2 );
■«
[roude] ojjj (JJ); <rodi> (HH)) {syn: p’izur; rovi
II; ur) Cf. P rude = 'intestine, gut'
[Msr/IFb/JJ/HH]
rodik «sL jjb (Msr) = intestines. See rodik.
rohelat (BX) = east. See rojhilat.
rohilat cjN-aJj (K/F/B/1F) = east. See rojhilat.
rohilatnasi (K) = orientalistics. See
rojhilatnasi.
rohn (JB3) = liquid. See Ton II.
rohni I adj. bright, brilliant, light; clear,
translucent: •!§ev hiv pir rohni ye (AB) tonight
the moon is very bright, [also: Ton I; ronahi II;
ronak (K[s]/A/JB3); fuhni I (L/K/A); [roanfk]
(JJ); <roni> (HH)1 (syn: ge§; rew§en] Cf. P rosan
Sor fun^jasj & runak = 'light, bright’; Za
ro§n = 'bright, clear'; Hau fo§in = ’light, bright’ (M4)
(roni I; roniyi) [AB//K/IFb/GF//A//JB3//JJ//HH]
See also Ton I.
fohni II = light; clarity. See ronahi I.
f. (SK) = soul, spirit. See Tub.
roj jjj £ (-a;-£). 1 ) day: *Deh ro di we nav§ gftn
(L) Ten days passed in that way; -ro nivro (EP-4)
in broad daylight: *Siabend ro nivro da
t’erkfiya xwe, revand (EP-4, # 12 ) in broad
daylight, Siyabend put her on the back of his
saddle [=behind himself], and abducted her;
-rojek£ (L) one day [also: roke (Ba)); -rojek£ ji
roj£ xwede (L) one day, once upon a time; -we
roje = [on] that day; 2) {also: ro I (IFb/B)} {syn:
hur (K); t’av (Bg)) sun: *Roj gft [ser] ava (K/[AB]J
The sun set *Weke roj£ p 5 erlemi§ dibit (EP-7)
She shone like the sun. {also: ro I (Ks/Ad/Kg/Ba/L-
2/Rh); [rouj] (JJ); <roj> (HH)) [Pok. leuk-
687.] 'light, brightness': Skt rocis- n. = 'light,
brightness’; Av raoSah- = 'light, bright'; O P
rauSah- = ’day’ (Brand); Mid P roz (M3) & ro£
(Brand); P ruz = ’day’; Sor roj j 3 j = 'day, sun'; Za
roc/roj/roz m./f. = 'day, sun' (Mai); Hau fo m. =
'day' & rojiar m. = ’sun’ (M4); cf. also Lat lux, lucis
£ = ’light, lustre’; Gr leukos Xeuicog = ’white’; Arm
luys Lnju = light, lustre'—see also etymology at
ron I. [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/
TF//JJ//Ks/Ad/Kg/Ba/Rh] <hiv; sibe[h]; §ev>
roj ava bljjj /roj-ava B'bjSj f. ( ;-£). west, direction
v *
in which the sun sets; Occident, {also: roava
(K/IFb/B); rojawa (SK); [rou(j) awa] U1 (j)jj (JJ) =
’sunset’1 (syn; moxrib [3]) < roj = 'day, sun’ + ava =
setting (of sun)’; Sor rojawa U = "sunset, west'
[F/A/JB3/GF/TF//SK//K/IFb/B//JJ] <bakur; ba§ur;
cenub; rojhilat>
rojawa LFgj (SK) = west. See rojava.
rojen (K[s]/JB3) = skylight; smokehole. See rojin.
rojev Jioj 3 j f. (-a;-§). agenda, daily program: *Dive
pirsa Kurdan bikeve rojeva s[a]zgeh§n
navneteweyi (Wit 1:37, p.16) The Kurdish issue
must get on the agenda of international agencies.
[(neol)Wlt/IFb]
rojhelat (JB3/IFb/SK/DM) = east; sunrise. See
rojhilat.
rojhelatnas (DM/JB3) = orientalist. See
rojhilatnas.
rojhilat f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: mi§riq; §erq, f. (F)}
*
east; orient: *Ber bi rohelate gft (BX) He
headed east •Li Rojhilate "birined re§" pirin
(BR) in the East [of Turkey] there are many [cases
of the disease] "Black Wounds"; -aliS rohilat§
(Ba2) facing east; -Rojhilata Navin (IFb/GF/TF)
the Middle East; 2 ) sunrise, {also: rohelat (BX/IFb-
2 ); rohilat (K/F/B/IFb- 2 ); rojhelat (JB3/IFb-
2 /SK/DM)) < roj = day, sun’ + hil[h]at- = 'to rise’
(of sun); Sor rojhelat [BX//A/IFb/GF
/TF//F/K/B//JB3/DM/SK] <bakur; ba§ur; rojava>
rojhilatnas m. (). orientalist, [Western]
scholar or specialist on the Middle East, {also:
rojhelatnas (DM/JB3)) [cf. Ar mustasriq £jJ^ . ** *
< sarq = ’east'] (rojhilatnasi) [IFb//DM/JB3//K]
rojhilatnasi £ ()• orientalistics, the
■ •
scholarly study of the Middle East, {also:
fohilatnasi (K)) [K/IFb] <rojhilatnas>
rojin f. (-a; ). 1 ) \syn: k’ulek; p’ace) hole in the
ceiling; skylight; 2) {syn: pixerik) chimney (Rh);
smokehole (A); "... But the Kurdish peasant lives
in rough houses ... A hole in the roof serves as a
chimney ... " (El 2 ), {also: rojen (K[s]/JB3); <rojin>
(HH)) Sor rogne [S&E/A/HH/Rh//K(s)/JB3]
521
R_
roji ^gj f. (-ya;-ye). fast, abstention from food for
religious or other reasons: # Tu di ve rojiya
remezani mubarek de gawan dikari av§
vexwi? (LM, p.5) How can you drink water on
this blessed fast of Ramadan?; -roji girtin (IFb) to
fast: # Wekt her kesi Ape Leto ji rojty§
digre (LM, p.5) Like everyone else, Uncle Leto
also fasts, [also: [rouji] (S j 3J (JJ); <roji> ^ (HH))
Cf. P ruze o j$j --> T orug; Sor roju
[K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
rojnam*e f. (*a/*eya [Kmc];*e). 1 )
newspaper, daily: *Hela gend caran fala xwe
di rojname de bixwinin §dt hftne ji pigek
be baweriye p§ binin (LC, p. 8 ) Just read your
fortune in the newspaper a few times, and you will
[begin to] believe it a little bit; 2 ) (syn: rojni§
(F/K/B)) calendar (A/B). ( also: rojneme; rojne’me
(B- 2 )) Cf. P ruzname <*^bSor rojname ijgj =
'daily newspaper' [Ber/K/A/jB3/lFb/B/GF/TF/OK]
<gapemeni; kovar>
rojnameger (SS/AW) = journalist. See
rojnamevan [1].
rojnameger! (OK/AW/SS) = journalism. See
♦ ♦
rojnamevan!.
rojnamenivis (K) = journalist. See
rojnamevan [l].
rojnamevan m.&f. ( ; rojnameven
[Rnh]/). 1 ) [also: rojnameger (SS-2/AW);
fojnamenivis (K- 2 )) journalist: *Rojeke
rojnamevaneki biyani ji serekwezire
MecaristanS pirsi (Rnh) One day a foreign
journalist asked the prime minister of Hungary...;
2 ) newspaper seller or vendor, {rojnamevan!)
[Ber/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK/AD]
Tojnamevani f. ( ;-y§). journalism, [also:
■ ■
rojnameger! (OK/AW/SS)) = Sor rojnamegeri
[IFb/TF/OK/AD] <rojnamevan>
••
rojneme ^-^Lab/fojne’me (B) = newspaper;
calendar. See rojname.
*Tojni§ f. (-a;-e). calendar, [syn: rojname [ 2 ])
[F/K/B]
Tojtir adv. on the next day; on the following day:
-rojtira din[£] (B) do.: *Rojtira dine em rasti
hev hatin (B) On the following day we bumped
into each other. [EP-7/K/B] <dusibe; sibetir>
rokirin q^Zj = to pour. See To II.
rol Jjj/rol Jjj [B] f. (-a;-§). role [or, role], part,
function: -roleke listin = to play a role or part:
• Bi taybeti Celadet Bedirxan ti. gelek
ronakbiren Kurd .. roleke mezin listin [sic]
(Ber) Especially Djeladet Bedirkhan and several
Kurdish intellectuals played a major role *Ew
t’atroneda rola Meme dilize (B) He’s playing
the role of Mem in the theater. < Fr role
[Ber/IFb/B/GF]
Rom pjj m. (). 1) [also: Rom! (JB3/SK/GF); [roumi]
(JJ); <romi> ^ u (HH)) {syn; T’irk) Turk {Many
centuries ago, before the Turks conquered
Anatolia, it was under the control of the Byzantine
Greeks, the Eastern wing of the Roman Empire.
The Muslims referred to them as ‘Rum.’ Even
today, Istanbul Greeks are referred to by the same
name, and their language is called ‘Rumca.’ A
possible etymology for the name Erzurum
(Armenian "Garin") is Arabic Ard al-Rum
ybj) (=Land of the Rum, i.e., of the Byzantine
Greeks). The term ’Rom’ has been preserved by
the Kurds, who apply it to the current rulers of the
region, the Turks): -Jina Tom (K) Turkish woman;
-welate Tome (B) Turkey Isyn: T’irkiye};
-zimane Tome (K) Turkish language; 2) (syn;
Yewnan) Greek (person); 3) [f. ( ;-£)] [also: [roum]
pjj (JJ)) Turkey (B/JJ): •[Htin digel elated xwe
bar bikin u bigine sinora Rome] (JR
#39,120) Pack up and go with your people to the
frontier of Turkey.
[EP-8/K/IFb/B//JJ//JB3/HH/SK/GF]
Rom! ^j (JB3/HH/SK/GF) = Turk. See Rom[l].
ron I adj. light, bright, brilliant: •Sibe ron btl
(K/EP-7) Morning has broken, it has become light.
[also: rohni I; ron ah! II; ronak (K[s]/A/JB3); ruhn!
I (L/K/A); <roni> ^j (HH)) {ron! I; roniy! (A))
[Pok. leuk- 687.] ’light, brightness’: Skt rocana- =
'bright'; Av raoxsna- = 'light, bright' & raox§na f. =
'(source of) light'; P rosan Sor ro§in =
'bright, clear’ & run^j & runak Jb= ’light,
bright’; Za ro§n = ’bright, clear’; cf. also Lat luna f.
(clousna) = ‘moon’—see also etymology at roj.
[EP-7/K/A/IFb/GF//JB3//HH] See also rohni I.
ron II adj. 1) liquid, fluid; 2) [m.] liquid (B).
[also: riwin (IFb); rin II (IF-2); rohn (JB3); ruyn I
(IFb-2); ruhn (A); rwin (IF-2); [roun ^/rouin
522
(JJ); <ron> jjj (HH)} Ironayi II (K); roni II (K))
[K/IFb/B/HH//A//JB3]
ronah! I ^UjL, f. Q. 1 ) light, brightness; light (as
opposed to darkness) ; daylight; source of light,
lighting; brightness [T aydirihk], as opposed to
§ewq = 'light (^darkness)' (Msr): «Neri go
gustilek e, ani her ruhniye (L) He saw it was a
ring, he held it up to the light [lit. 'he took it before
the light 1 ] •Avayiki big’tik ronkaya w! te
xane (Z-922) A small house whose light is visible
[lit. ’its light comes visible']; -ronah! kirin = to
light up, illuminate; 2) clarity, [also: rohni II;
ronayi I (K/B/IFb- 2 /GF- 2 /TF); ronak (A); roni I
(K/IFb/HH); roniyi (A); ronkayi (K- 2 ); ruhnayi
(K-2); ruhni II (K-2); runayi (Msr); [ro(u)n
j^/rounahi ^bjj/rounai' ^bjj/rounikai (JJ);
<roni> (HH)) Cf. P rosana’i ^Li^-see
etymology at Ton I. [IFb/GF//K/B/TF//A/JB3//
HH//JJ//Msr] <sinahi; §ewq>
ronahi II = bright; clear. See rohni I & Ton I.
ronak Jbjj (K[s]/A/JB3) = bright; clear; light. See
rohni I & Ton I & ronahi I.
ronakbir (Ber) = intellectual. See rew§enbir.
ronayi I j (K/B/IFb/GF/TF) = light; clarity. See
ronahi.
ronayi II ^bjjj (K) = liquidity. See roni II[ 1 ].
rondik (Bw) = tears. See roni II [ 2 ].
roni I (K/IFb/HH) = light, brightness; clarity. See
ronahi I.
roni II f. (). 1 ) liquidity, fluidity; 2 ) {also: rondik
(Bwj; fundik, pi. (Zx/Bw)) {syn: hestir I) tears (Hk):
-rondik§t gava (Bw) tears, {also: ronayi II (K)}
[K/Hk] <fon II>
roniyi (A) = brightness. See Toni I.
ronkayi (K) = light; clarity. See ronahi I.
rot ojj m. Q. straight wooden pole, rod or stick used
in reinforcing the ceilings and roofs of traditional
houses, {also: rewt (A); rotik (GF- 2 ); [rot] (JJ);
<rot> kjj (HH)) Cf. Syr rawto = 'flexible thin
branch, lath’ [Mdt/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//A] <be§t; garite;
k’eran; max; mertak>
rotik (GF) = wooden pole. See rot.
rov Jgj m.(OK)/f.(RF) (). pubes, pubic hair, {also:
rev (IFb/OK); ruv (IFb-2/GF); fuvik (GF- 2 );
[row/reve (G)] (JJ) ; <ruvik> Jijj (HH)) [Pok. 2.
reu-/reu8-:ru- 868 .] 'to rip open, dig, root up; to
extract, snatch' (or perhaps [Pok. 1. reu- 867.]
'mystery, secret’): Skt rdman- = 'hair on the body of
men and animals'; O Ir *rauma- (A&L p. 95-96
[XIX,2]); Bakhtiari rumb (Vahman 1994, p. 109); P
rom pj/ronb J ronbe y Sor ruy (Hej); Za
ram-i (Mai) [A&L/A/JJ//IFb/OK//GF//HH] <pirg’
■’ [ 1 ]>
rovi I m. (-ye; ). 1 ) fox: «Rovi dijmine
••
miri§kan e (AB) The fox is the chickens' enemy;
2 ) (sjur pe§kese (Zeb)) person sent to house of
father of prospective bride to announce that the
wedding procession will come on the following
day (Ag). [also: revi (Qzl); rivi I (M-Ak); fuvi I
(K/B/GF-2); [rouwi] (JJ); <ruvi> (HH)) [Pok
ulp/lup- 1179.] ’fox, wolf: Skt lopasa- m. = 'jackal,
fox'; Av urupi-s (<*lupi-s) = ’dog' & raopi-s = 'fox,
jackal'; Mid P robah (M3); Pahl ropah; Baluchi
rophask; Southern Tati dialects: Danesfani luas m.
(Yar-Shater); P rubah ol^y Sor fewi ^y Za lu f.
(Todd); Hau fuase f. (M4); cf. also Lat vulpes = 'fox'
& lupus = wolf; Gr alopex ottaorrq^, Mod Gr alepou
ocActtou = ’fox’ ; Arm ahies uiqmfcu
[AB/A/JB3/IFb/GF/Ag//K/B/HH//JJ//
M-Ak//Qzl] <guf I; kug’ik; tori I>
rovi II (Jiy f. (-ya;-ye). guts, entrails; intestines:
-ruviya kor (K/B)/rivikore (IF) c[a]ecum, blind
gut; -ruviya qalin (B)/riviye sttir (IF) large
intestine; -ruviya rast (K) rectum; -rtiviya zirav
(K)/riviye barik (IF) small intestine; -ur u rovi
= guts, intestines [syn: c ilr H pizftr (Msr)/fitir ft
p’izftr (B)): *£Jr ft rovi ji rovira danin (Dz)
He left the entrails for the fox [to eat], {also: rivi II
(IFb); fiwi (SK); fuvi II (B/K); [rouwi] (JJ);
<ruvi> (HH)) {syn: p’izur; fodi; ur) Cf. Av
urvata; P rude oj 3J ; Sor fix ole Jy^j/rixolegewre
Y Y
oj3<^«Jjiwj/felexo^«U3j [Sinneh]; Za loqera/loqila
V v »
f. (Mai); Hau folexa f. (M4)
[Dz/A//F/K/B/HH//JJ//IFb//SK] <dil-hinav>
fugikandin (SW/TF) = to pluck out. See
rftg’ikandin.
ruh &> 3 j mJf.(SK) (-e/-a; ). soul, spirit: «Wexta Al-
p’a§ay§ kal ft jina xweva eva giliya
derheqa Memftda bihistin, qudum gok8
wanda nema, ruh le teyirin (Z-l) When old
Al-pasha and his wife heard these words about
Mem, they felt weak, their spirits left them; -ruh
di fk-e- da neman / nebftn = to be in bad /sad
shape {syn: Kal di ...-da neman / nebun): •RuH
523
Memeda nemabu (Z-l) Mem was in sad shape.
{also: rih (Z-2); roh, f. (SK); fuh (Z-l/B); [rouh]
(JJ); <rih> (HH)} < Ar ruh ^
[Z-l/B//K/IFb//Z- 2 /HH//JJ//SK]
Ruha Ia 3 j (BK/IF) = Urfa. See riha.
ruhistin m. (). 1 ) killer, murderer, taker of
souls, soul snatcher: •§urke§e ruhistin (LC, p.5)
sword-wielding soul snatcher *Zft rabe an ne
ez§ gazi riihstin [sic] bikim (GF) Get up
quickly, or else I will call the taker of souls; 2 )
(s/n: melk’emot} angel of death, Azrail. {also:
rihsiten (TF); rihsten (GF); rihstin (GF- 2 ); ruhsten
(IFb); ruhstin [sic] (GF- 2 ); ruhustin (K- 2 )j <ruh =
'soul' + sten-/stin- = ’to take’, cf. Ar qabid al-arwah
= ’taker of souls’ & T can alan/rub alan
[LC/K//IFb//GF//TF]
ruhnayi (K) = light; clarity. See ronahi I.
ruhni I (L/K/A) = bright; clear. See Tohni I &
Ton I.
ruhni II L5 ^t> 3 j (K) = light; clarity. See ronahi I.
• •
ruhsten (IFb) = taker of souls. See ruhistin.
ruhustin (K) = taker of souls. See ruhistin.
ruh^j (Z-l/B) = soul, spirit. See ruh.
ruji (IFb) = plain (of food). See rij.
••
ruqug’andin (Dz) = to pluck out. See
rftg’ikandin.
ru§et O f\ ( ;-e). bribe: -ru§et xwerin
(K)/xwarin or hildan (B) to take a bribe, {also:
ru§vet; ru§wet (IFb); [resvat] o(JJ)} {syn; bertil;
bex§i§ [3]} < Ar riswah/ruswah/raswah j -> T
rii§vet [F/K/B//IFb//JJ]
ru§vet o= bribe. See ru§et.
ru§wet (IFb) = bribe. See Tu§et.
T
ruyn I (IFb) = liquid. See ron II.
rft m. (-ye/riwe [BX]; ). l) ( syn: dev u g’av;
dindar I; serg’av; sifet [3]; suret [ 1 ]} [Cf. P ru^j]
face: *Ewe nedixast ruye keseki bibine (Ba)
She didn't want to see anyone [lit. anyone's face’];
-hatin rftye fk-§ (XF/IF/B) to kiss s.o. on the
cheek {syn: mag 5 kirin; pag 5 kirin; ramusan}: *Wi
gaxi dia min n§ziki min btl, ez Kem§z
kirim, du-s§ cara hate rft£ min (Ba2-#2,
p.207) Then my mother approached me, hugged
me, and kissed me two or three times; -rft bi rtl
(K/IFb/GF) face to face; 2 ) (fig.) (sense of) shame or
honor: • Rftye wi t’une (B) He has no sense of
shame; -rft girtin (IFb) to be emboldened, have
the nerve or courage (to do stg.): *Rftyd min
girt, min ew got (K) I got up the courage to say
that; -rfty§ fk-e nag[i]re (XF): [cf. T yiizii
tutmamak] a) to be ashamed: •Ruye wi nagire
tera beje (B) He is ashamed to tell you • Rftye
we negirtiye, here mala baveye/ (EP-5, #7)
She was ashamed to return to her father’s house; b)
to be shy, bashful; c) not to dare (to do stg.):
•Rftye min nagire (K): a) I am [too] ashamed or
shy (to do stg.); b) I don’t dare; -rft re§ bun (K) to
be disgraced; -rft re§ kirin (K) to disgrace; -rftye
xwe spi kirin (XF) to be vindicated, justified; to
have reason to feel proud [Cf. T yiiziinu agartmak]:
•Hem ruye xwe, hem ruy§ me spi bike (Ro)
Give yourself and us a reason to feel proud [lit.
’Whiten your own face and ours’]; 3) {syn: alek;
gup; hinarik; lame) cbeek (Bw/JBl-A&S); 4)
surface: •Gemi li ser rfty§ be 5 ra dige (Z-2, 67)
The sbip goes along tbe surface of the seas; 5) [cf. P
rls (jioj] beard. See rih I. {also: [rou 3J /roui
(JJ); <ru>(HH)} Sor ru = ’face, front, aspect,
surface, cover, top, side, form’; Hau rue f = ’face’
(M4) [Kg/BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/
SK/GF/TF/OK/Bw] <dem II>
rubar m.(Bw/K/OK)/£(SK/JBl-A) (-§/ ; ), river:
-rftbare ave (Bw) do. {also: robar (IFb-2/GF-
2 /TF/OK-2); [roubar/robar (G)] jb 3J (JJ)} {syn: av
[2]; g’em; ro II; §et| OP rautah- n. = ’river’; Mid P
rod-bar = ’river bank' (M3); P rudbar jb jjj = ’river
system’ ; Sor ro }y, Za Ro = 'Euphrates’
[Bw/K/A/IFb/JJ/JBl-A/SK/GF/OK//TF] <ro II>
rftg’ikandin vt. (rftg’ikin-). to pluck,
pluck out (feathers) ; to pull out (feathers or plants)
(JJ): *[Tbe prophet Solomon commanded all the
birds as follows:] Dive hftn xwe birugikinin,
da ko ji bo Belkis§ nivineke g§kin! (SW)
You must pluck out all your feathers to make a bed
for Belkis! *Ma ne guneh e, ko ji bona jina
xwe me gi§kan han bidi rugikandin! (SW)
Isn’t it disgraceful that you're making us all pluck
out [our feathers] for the sake of your wife! • Wek
p’ergemftk xwe pe§da ruqug’and (Dz) He
took off [his feathers] first like the bat [prv.]. {also:
rugikandin (SW); ruqug’andin (Dz); [rou-tchkandin]
(JJ)} {syn: p’eritandin}
[BK/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//SW/TF//Dz] cbask; p’ef;
p’urt>
524
rudirej (K) = long-bearded. See rihdirej.
ruhn (A) = liquid. See Ton II.
rtil Jj 3 j f (-a; ). oleander, bot. Nerium oleander;
flower which grows along river banks (Dh). [also:
lurk (IFb-2/A/KZ); rulk (KZ); rur (PS); <rul> J^j
(HH)) {syn; jale; ziqum (IF)) Mid P rurag =
Y
'medicinal plant, herb' (M3); = Sor jale J)j
[IFb/HH/OK/Dh//A/KZ//PS]
rulk JJjfu (KZ) = oleander. See rill.
T
runiet o-sujjj f. (-a; ). 1) ( syn: 'erz; hurmel [3]; qedir
I; fez II) honor, respect: •Min rtimetek [sic]
mezin didaye ku ew ji li hemberi min
t§keve rew§a xezurtiye (Lab, 7) I showed him
a great deal of respect, so that he would be willing
to be come my father-in-law [lit. 'so that he would
enter into the status of father-in-lawhood regarding
me’] ; -rilmet girtin (K) to respect, esteem; 2 )
fame, renown, reputation (GF/TF). [also: fumet
(TF); [roumt] (JJ)) Cf. ru [ 2 ] 4- hurmet < Ar
hurmah = 'sacredness, reverence; woman';
Sor rumet o= 'cheek' (W&E/K2/Hej), 'honor'
(Hej) [K/A/IFh/GF/OK//JJ//TF] cnamus; §eref>
riln m. (-e; ). butter; clarified butter, cooking
oil: *Hine rfine min hebil min an! tera kire
p’exun (Dz) [If] I had a little butter, I would have
brought [it and] made you some poxin (qv.)
•Rtin6 game§an ji ye bizinan pirtir e (AB)
Buffalo butter is more plentiful than goat butter;
-rftn§ male (Msr) home-made butter; -rflne
nivi§k (Ag) butter, {also: [roun] (JJ); <riin>
(HH)] [syn: nivi§k) [Pok. reugh-m(e)n 873.] 'cream':
proto Indlr **raughan- (with -an- < *-mn-): Av
raoyna- n. = 'butter (ghee)’ [eaten by the blessed in
paradise]; Mid P royn = 'oil, butter'
(M3)/Manichaean rwyyn [royen]; P royan -
'fat, grease'; Sor ron = 'oil, clarified butter'; Za
ruwen m. = 'oil, grease' (Todd); Hau fuen in. =
'cooking oil, clarified butter 1 (M4)
[L/Dz/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/Msr] cgivir;
dew; to>
funayi (Msr) = brightness. See Tonahi I.
fundik pi. (Zx/Bw) = tears. See Toni II[2].
rilnerm! f. (-ya; ). gentleness, mildness,
meekness: # Ji dilpaqijiya xelk§ w! peva,
dilgaki ft rftnermiya §ex ji ev hezkirina
han roj bi roj zede dikirin [sic] (Rnh 2:17,
p.326) In addition to the honesty of his people, the
ru
goodheartedness and gentleness of the sheikh made
this love [for him] increase day by day. [syn:
naziki) [Rnh/K/GF/OK]
ni§tin vi. (rft-n- / rft-ne- / rft-ni- /
-rftn- [MK/Bw]). 1 ) to sit, sit down: •Rftne! = Sit
down! *Li ser kursiya ziv rftdine (L) He sits
on the silver chair; 2 ) [syn: jin] to dwell, live,
reside (in a place) [cf. T oturmak]; 3) [syn: cihe xwe
girtin) to become [well] entrenched, become
current (of a saying or expression), [also: [rou-
nichtin] (JJ); <runi§tin (rudine)
C‘ 0 -> 3 j) > (HH)) ru- <0 Ir *fravata- (Tsb 74) + ni-
(Tsb 72) + [Pok sed- 884.]’to sit’: Skt sad- & ni-sad-;
Av & OP had- & ni-sad- (Brand); Mid P nisastan
(nisin-) (M3); P nesastan (-ne§in-) ( Sor
da # ni§tin (da-ni§-); Za ro§ena [roni§ti§]
(Todd); Hau ara # ni§tey (ni§-) vi. (M4); cf. also Lat
sedeo, sedere; Germ sitzen (sass, gesessen); Rus
sideP CH/ieT b [K/(A)/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
rftp’el f. ( ;-e). page (of a book), [also: rftper,
m. (-e;) (Msr/OK- 2 ); rftp’el (K/B)) [syn: berper)
=Sor lapefe o ^ [K/B//JB3/IFb/GF/TF/0K] <belg
[2]; k’axez; p’ef [3]>
ruper m. (-e; ) (Msr/OK) = page. See rftp’el.
rup’el Jl(K/B) = page. See rftp’el.
rur (PS) = oleander. See Till.
rftre§ J^o 333 j adj. disgraced, defamed: # Tu min
rure§ dernexi! (L) You’re not going to disgrace
me! [also: [rou-rech] jkuu (JJ)) < ru = ’face’ 4 -re§ =
'black' (fufe§i) [L/K/IFb/B/JJ/TF]
rure§i 333 j f. ( ;-ye). disgrace, defamation,
• •
scandal: «Herdu bftk ditirsiyan ku xelk seba
we rftre§iye kar ft i§ nedine wan (Zerin
Tek:RN2 5G[l998] 7) Both daughters-in-law were
afraid that no one would give them a job because
of that scandal. [K/IFb/B/GF] <rure§>
Rus I t^r^j ni. (). Russian: -jina rus = Russian
woman; -zimane rftsa[n] = Russian language
[also: Uris (F-2/K-2/JB3); [rous] (JJ))
[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ]
rus II 0 m/^jj [Bw] (JBl-A/SK/GF/Bw) = naked,
nude; flat broke. See Tilt,
ruspi Ls ^ 3 J (K) = village elder. See rispi.
ruspiti ( ji^ r33 j (K) = eldership. See rispiti.
rft§andin vt. (-rft§in-). to scrape, scratch; to
graze, brush up against. Sor fu§andin = ’to
abrade, scrape,-skim past' [Bw/IFb/OK]
525
rat ojyj adj. 1) (syn: kot (JB3); tazi 1} naked, nude,
bare: -rtite-tazi (Ba2) do.; 2) poor, destitute; flat
broke, penniless (Bw) [rus]: »[Babe keg§ nadit
ku Polo ruse] (JR) The girl’s father won't give
[her (=marry her off) to Polo] because Polo is poor
•Ez § rtis im (Bw) I don’t have a penny to my
name; 3) bare (tree) (JB3); barren (land) (IF):
•kevirSd rftte-tazi (Ba2) bare rocks; 4) bald (K).
{also: lut (K[s]); rus II (JBl-A/SK/GF-2/Bw); [rout
oj/rous ^jj] (JJ); <rut> ojj (HH)} Sor rut o^; Hau
rut (M4) (futayi; ruti} [K/A/IFb/B/JBl-S/
JB3/JJ/HH/GF/TF//K(s)//JR/JBl-A/SK/Bw]
rfttayl f. (). nudity, nakedness, {also: ruti
(K/A/IFb/TF)} {syn: taziti} [K/B//A/IFb/TF] <rut>
ruti (K/A/IF) = nudity. See riltayi.
ruv (IFb/GF) = pubic hair. See rov.
ruvik «Js(GF/HH) = pubic hair. See rov.
ruvi I Jjoj (K/B/HH/GF) = fox. See rovi I.
ruvi II (Jjqj (B/HH) = guts, intestines. See rov! II.
rwin qjjj (IF) = liquid. See Ton II.
526
saMn j^L f. (-a;-e). soap: -sabtin kirin (B/IF) to
soap up; -sabtina desta (B) hand soap; -sabtina
k’inca (B) laundry detergent: [also: savun;
[saboun] (JJ); <sabun> (j*L> (HH)} Cf. Ar
sabun T sabun [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
sagm*e/sag’me [JBi-Sl^L/sagme a*^L> f. ( ;•§).
1) buckshot, small shot, BB pellets; 2) shrapnel
(Zeb): •Sagmeyek ve ket (Zeb) He was hit by a
piece of shrapnel, {also: [satchme] a^U? (JJ);
<sagme> a^o-U? (HH)) <T sagma <sagmak = ’to
■»
scatter, strew'; Sor sagme a^L = 'small shot’
[Zeb/K/IFb/B/JBl-S/GF/OK//JJ/HH]
■»
sade adj. 1) plain, simple; 2) white (Bw). {also:
[sade] ajL (JJ); <sade> ojL> (HH)) Cf. P sade ojL;
Sor sade ojL = ’plain, simple, artless'
[Bw/K/IFb/JJ/GF/AD//HH]
sadegi (IFb/GF) = simplicity. See sadeti.
sadeti ^ajL f. (). simplicity, {also: sadegi
(IFb/GF-2); sadeyi (GF-2); [sadeti] jL (JJ))
Cf. P sadegi [JJ/GF]
sadeyi (GF) = simplicity. See sadeti.
saet oA5L/sa c et oa^L [HH/SK] f. (-a;-e). 1) hour;
time: -niv saete = half hour; 2) clock: »30 sal
ber§ seeta bave min ketibvl ve hire, min ji
iro derxist (LM, p.12) 30 years ago my father's
watch fell into this well, today I brought it out.
{also: seet (LM); sehet I (K); seliat (GF); sefiet I
(B/EP-7/Z-1); sihet I (Z-l); [saat] o^L (JJ); <sa’et>
(HH)) < Ar sa‘ah a*L --> P sa‘at ~> T
saat; Hau se c ate f. = ’hours, clock’ (M4)
[K//JB3/IFb//HH/SK//GF//B//JJ//LM]
saf jL (IFb/GF) = clear. See safi.
safi ^L adj. clear (In its various meanings) ; pure: -ji
••
hev safi kirin (IF) to separate from each other;
-Ort’a [wana] safi dike (XF) [They] are at
daggers with each other, [They] are on bad terms
with each other: »Erke ko tu qebul naki,
were ez H te hev fi din, li vir safi bikin,
h@ja ez§ herim (Z-3) If you don’t accept it, come
let’s you and I part on bad terms and I will go. f also
: saf (IFb-2/GF-2); [safi] jlo (JJ); <safi>^U (HH))
<Ar safi ^L* (safin) oG [Z- 3 /K/lFb/B/jj/HH/GF/XF]
<sayiI>
sahi ^L (OK) = clear. See sayi I.
sahm pjftL (Elk) = terror; awe. See saw.
sahmek -Ja^L (GF) = terror; awe. See saw.
sak LL m. (-e; ). buffalo calf, {also: <sak> -JL (HH))
(syn.-gedek) [Haz/IFb/HH/GF] <game§; medek>
sakol Jj5L m. (). good-for-nothing, worthless bum,
base, low, vile, vulgar person: •[Sakol<e> {J^SL}
xwe bila bi§inin bi xwandinS] (Necdet.
"Cotkari,” Roji Kurd, 1913, p.25) They should
send their bums to study # [§ewi§ (?) nola
sakol<e> (J*£L) gundi te§qeleki [sic] nedikir]
(Fuad Temo. "Qirok," Roji Kurd, 1913, p.25)
Shewish did not make problems like the village
bum. {also: sakul (GF); [sa-koule] aIsL (JJ)) { syn:
qe§mer; t’ewt’ewe) [Roji Kurd/A/IFb/HH//GF//JJ]
sakul J^5L (GF) = good-for-nothing. See sakol.
sal JL f. (-a;-e). year: •p’ae saldyi p’ir (Ba2) a
large part of the year »!sal heft sal§ te ye,
qoliptiye sala he§ta, ji bona xatire kevnek
jina te xwe xistiye vi hali (L) It’s been seven
years, going on eight years, that you have been
miserable over some old lady [Voici sept ans et
plus que tu es dans cet etat a cause d’une vieille
femme]; -isal = this year; -sala gfiyi (A)/sala
bori (JB3) last year {syn: par 1). {also: [sal] JL (JJ);
<sal> JL> (HH)) [Pok. 1. kel- 551.] ’warm’: Skt
sarad- = ’autumn'; Av sarad- = ’year'; OP 9ard-
(Kent); P sal JL; Sor sal JL; Za serri m. (Todd);
Hau sale f. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF//HH]
<par; perar; sersal>
salewext o^-o^aJL f. (-a;-e). 1) twelvemonth, a
year’s time (approximately 365 days) : *Cend
roja §Hnda t’emam dibe salewexta kur§
min, ku ew li Moskvae dixune (B) in a few
days it will be a full year’s time that my son has
been studying in Moscow; 2) yearly salary, {also:
salewexti (B-2)} < sal - ’year + wext = ’time’
[Ber/K/B/GF]
salewexti ^^o-^aJL (B) = a year’s time. See salewext.
salini ^yJL (IFb) = [x] years old. See sail.
* *
salix ^>JL m. (-e; selix). 1) {syn: cab [2]; xeber)
information, data (K); knowledge; news (K/A);
news or information about stg. unknown (HH):
• Kurdgn fizidi ... gehi§tine welatfin din bi
daxwaza tenahi fl a§tiy§ ti. ... heta van
sal£n dumahiye saloxen wan zor k£m ji
me ra dihatin (Metin 6:3, Adar 1992, p.49)
Yezidi Kurds ... have reached other countries in
search of peace and security ... these last few years
527
we have heard little news of them; -salix dayin
(B) to report, give information; -salix hildan (K)
to find out about, receive or get information or
news about: »Wexta al-p 5 a§a salixe kale
hilda, idi xwexa rabft gft pey kale (Z-l)
when al-pasha received news of the old man
(=found out about), he got up and went to [lit.
'after'] him; -salix kirin (B) to inquire, gather
information; -salix-sftlix (K)/salix ft sftlix (EP-
7) data, information; news; 2) description;
definition, [also: salix (GF); salox (A/IFb/TF); salox
(GF 2); [salig] XL (JJ); <salox> ^JL (HH)| Cf. T
salik/saglik = 'advice, inquiry or answer as to the
location of a place' [Z-l/K/A/IFb/B//JJ//GF//HH]
salix iJL (GF) = information, news. See salix.
sal! JL adj. ... years old: •Tu gend sail? = How
oid are you? • Casime Celil bft 75 sail (Ber)
Jasim Jelil has turned 75. [also: salini (IFb))
[Ks/Ber/K/A//IFb] c'emir II; ji III; qulibin>
salos JL (A/IFb/HH/GF) = hypocritical. See salfts.
salox (A/IFb/TF) = information, news. See salix.
salox £ 3 -lL (GF) = information, news. See salix.
salfts adj. two-faced, hypocritical, [also: salos
(A/IFb-2/GF); [salous] (JJ); <salos>
(HH)) ( syn: duru I) Cf. P salus
[K/IFb/JJ//A/HH/GF]
salveger jXXL f. (-a; ). anniversary: # PKK di
salvegera damezrandina xwe de, 4
le§ker§n tirk ku di eri§an de dil girtibft
azad kir (Wit) On the anniversary of its
establishment, the PKK set free four Turkish
soldiers who had been taken prisoner in attacks,
{syn; sersal [1]) [(neol)Wlt]
salwan (GF) = camelherd. See serwan.
sam pL (GF) = terror; awe. See saw.
sanahi (Bw) = ease. See asani.
sanayi (OK) = ease. See asani.
sandiq (EH/IF) = box. See sindoq.
sandux (B) = box. See sindoq.
sanduq ^ajL = box. See sindoq.
sapog X^L (B) = boot. See saPok.
sapok J^L m./f(B) ( /-a; /-§). boot(s): •Kerro
sapoke min ji nige min bikgine (FK-kk-
13:130) Kerro, take my boots off my foot
•K’esivg te k’incS cendirm£ xwe dike,
sapoke wi p’e dike, ... (Z-922, p. 315) ‘Your
pauper’ puts on the policeman’s clothes, puts his
boots on, ... [also: sapog (B)) [syn: potin] <Rus
sapog canor [Z-922/K/A/IFb//B] <sol>
sar jL/sar jL> [SK-2/HH] adj. l) cold: # Payiz
dahat, dunya pigek sar bft (SK 2:12) Autumn
came and the weather became a little cold; 2)
indifferent, reluctant, listless: -dest§ fk-§ sar
bun (XF) to be confused; to lose one's head; to be
indifferent to stg.: • [After the deaths of Mem and
Zin] deste P’eri-Xatilne ji mal ft Kala sar
bftbft (Z-l) Peri-Khatun had lost interest in her
house and chores [lit. 'Peri-Khatun's hands had
gotten cold from her house and condition’] [also:
[sar] jL (JJ); <sar> jU» (HH)) (^germ) [Pok. 1. kel-
551.] ’warm’: Skt sisira— = 'cold'; O Ir*sarta- (A&L
p. 84 [IV,3] & p. 90 [XIII, l]): Av sarata- = 'cold' &
sara-8a- = 'bringing cold’; P sard j^; Oss said; Sor
sard jjL; Za serd (Todd); Hau serd (M4). For
connection between hot and cold, see Buck , p.
1077, §15.85: "It is well known that extreme heat
and cold, as in touching a red-hot iron or a piece
of ice, produce the same sensations, and there is
every probability that a certain group of words for
'hot' (Lat. 'calidus', etc.) and another for 'cold' are,
in fact, cognate." Eng 'cold' < [Pok. 3. gel(a)“ 365.]
'cold; to freeze', cf. Lat gelare = 'to freeze’ (sarayi;
sari I; serma) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/
OK//HH] <serma; sur I; tezi II; zivistan>
sarayi jL (K) = coldness. See sari I.
• •
sari I /. {). coldness, frigidity, [also: sarayi (K-
2)) [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <sar; serma; sur I>
sari II / sari adj. contagious, catching
•• ••
(disease): »[Ekrad ji weku Efrancan qewi
z6de ji nexwe§i ft webayi ft Kali ft l illet§d
ku sari ne ditirsin ft bi dftr dikevin] (BN
178) Kurds, like Westerners, are greatly afraid of
diseases and epidemics and conditions that are
contagious, and shun them, [also: [sari] ^ L (JJ))
< Ar sarin jL (<Vs-r-y) = 'contagious (disease)’
[BN//JJ/OK] cvegirtin [5)>
satil f. (). 1) [syn: dewl I; ’elb) bucket, pail (JB3);
small bucket as opposed to sftil - large bucket
(Wn); copper bucket (IF); 2) Aquarius (astr.)(Ro).
[also: [sitil] (JJ); <satil> (HH)) Cf. Ar satl
Jk«; W Arm sidi u|unq ; Lat situla = '(water)
bucket' [Wn/JB3/IFb/OK/Ro//JJ//HH] See also
sitil.
528
sat’ircem p*a.>»L f. (). (head) cold, common cold,
catarrh; flu, influenza: *Al-p’a§a giregirava
gelekS hev birin-anin, yek go-sat’irceme,
yek go-sermaye, yek go—tirsaye (Z-l) Al-
pasha and his entourage debated a great deal
among themselves, one said it was the flu, one said
it was a cold, one said it was out of fear, {syn:
persiv} Cf. setircem [Erci§-Van] - ’pleurisy’ [akciger
yangisi, zatiilcenp] (DS, v. 10, p. 3593); Za satilcan
(Mai); NA satirjam = 7’frozen' (Garbell) [Z-l/(Kj]
sat’ircemi adj. having a cold, having caught
cold [enrhume]: -sat’ircemi bfin = to catch cold.
[K]
sat’or I jp L f. (-a; ). 1) large knife for cutting meat,
meat cleaver; 2) executioner's sword: *Gazi
sat’orgiye xo ke, / Bila sat’oreke li sere
min xe (Z-3) Call your executioner, / so that he
can chop off my head with a sword/cleaver, {also:
satur (IF-2); [satorj (JJ)} Cf. Ar/P satur^L =
’meat-cleaver, large chopping knife’, T satir/satur
[Z-3/IF/JJ] cliisan; k’er III; §efir; §ur>
sat’orgi (j^jp L m. (-ye; ). executioner: »Gazi
• •
sat’orgiyg xo ke (Z-3) Call your executioner.
[syn: celatl [Z-3] <sat’or I>
satranc y>L (IFb) = chess. See setrenc.
satrang (A) = chess. See setrenc.
satrinc ^3 p L = chess. See setrenc.
satur j$p L (IF) = meat cleaver. See sat’or
sava U'L (OK) = infant. See sawa.
savar jU’L m./f.(SK) (-£/ ; saver [K/B]/sev£r [B]/-e
[SK]). 1) bulgur, cracked wheat germ
(K/A/IF/JB3/JJ/Wn/AB); wheat groats or chaff (B);
(barley) groats (K); broken corn [ble casse] (JB3):
•Me savare xwe liser tehte kutaye (GF) We
beat our bulgur [barley groats] against the stone
slab; 2) dish of cooked grain or groats (B): # Ne
dixwim saware, ne digim haware (IF/BX)
Neither do I eat savar , nor do I respond to the call
for help [cf. T Ne §eytam gor, ne salavat getir =
'Neither see the devil nor call on god'] [prv.]
•WextS ko Smail Pa§a zani dihariya
maqtll§t Miztiriyan kflr in, pigek di dile
xo da sil bu. Gote pe§xizmetet xo, "Te§ta
wan sewar bit. SSniyan teji biken, ser§
wan qubbeyi biken, pi§k§t qeliya go§te
kiiran bi Texet seware we-nen. Her
sSniyeki kilkeki kfiri di nawa seri
bigeqinin weto ko qund rawestit" ...
WextS wan tema§e kir ko t§§ta wan sewar
—we li nik wan sewar gelek 'eybeki mezin
e bo mewanet mu’teber—we ser we hinde
Ta ji kilket kiiran li ser s§niyan
geqandine, di y@k-h-do fikirin, dest§t xo
ke§ane pa§. Pekwe gotin, "Pa§a, me ter
xar. Xud§ z£de ket ..." (SK 24:222,224) When
Ismail Pasha learnt that the present of the Mizuri
elders was kids, he became a little annoyed in his
heart. He said to his attendants, "Let their morning
meal be of crushed wheat. Fill the trays, pile them
up like a dome and put the pieces of fried kid-meat
round the boiled what. On each tray stick a kid's
tail in the middle of the pile so that it stands erect."
... When they saw that their meal was of crushed
wheat--and with them crushed wheat [instead of
rice] was a most shameful thing for respectable
guests-and that in addition the tails of kids had
been stuck on top of the trays, they looked at each
other and withdrew their hands. They all said
together, "Pasha, we have eaten our fill. May God
increase it for you" *Zike bixwe sawarS div§
here haware (BX) The stomach that eats [=i.e., he
who eats] savar , must respond to a call for help
[prv.] This proverb alludes to the duty created by
hospitality: he who has enjoyed another's
hospitality is honor bound to fight, if necessary, to
protect his former host, {also: sawar, f. ( ;-e)
(JB3/IFb/OK-2); sewar (SK); [sawar] jU'L (JJ);
<savar> jU'L (HH)| Sor sawer jo^L = 'wheat-meal
prepared for use as kind of porridge’; Cf. W Arm
cawar = 'cracked wheat'; perhaps also NA
sare = 'barley' (Garbell) [AB/K/A/B/JJ/HH/GF/
OK/Wn//JB3/IFb/BX//SK]
savarok f. (). tiny hailstones (Wn) [because
they resemble grains of savar = bulgur] (sjm:
xilolik I[1 ]} [Wn/K/A/JB3] <gijlok; teyrok; zipik I>
savun j^'L = soap. See sabfin.
saw 3 L f. (-a;-e). great fear, terror; awe; great
anxiety, dread: *Saw k’ete dil& wi (K) Fear
took hold of him [lit. 'fell into his heart’] *Saw
k’etye ser wi (B)/Sehm a bi ser£ wi keti =
Sehm a bo g@ bfi (Bw) do.; -saw dayin (B) to
terrify; -saw k’i§andin (B) to be terrified; -sawa
xwe xistin (Z-4) to terrify: *Sawa xwe xistiye
ser zarokfi gund (Z-4) He terrified the children
529
of the village, [also: sahm (Elk); sahmek (GF-2);
sam (GF-2); sehew (GF-2); sehiw (TF-2); sehm (IFb-
2/SK/GF-2/TF/Bw); sehw (GF-2)) {syn: tirs) [Pok.
tres- 1095.] ’to tremble’~>proto-IE -*tres-mo(n)- -->
proto Ir *8rah-ma(n)- --> P sahm ^ = 'terror,
dread'; Sor sam = awe, dread, majesty’; Cf. NA
sahm m. = 'fear, dread’ (Garbell); sahve = 'fear 1 &
sahvana = 'dreaded, feared' (Zakho) (Sabar:
Shemot, p. 156); msahowe [ms-h-w] (Amadiyah)
& msahove [ms-h-v] (Zakho) = 'to be frightened'
(Hoberman, pp. 150, 219) [Ba2/K/A/IFb/B/GF/
OK//Elk//SK/TF/Bw] <tirs>
sawa IjL (). suckling infant, baby (SK); the young of
an animal (A): *zareke sawa (Ba-1, #19) a
suckling infant, a babe in arms. { also: sava (OK))
{ syn: §irmej) Cf. Sor sawa ) 3 L = 'very young
animal, baby, small fresh shoot (plant)'
[Ba-l/A/SK//OK] <t’ifal>
sawar L, f. ( ;-e) (JB3/IFb/OKw) = cracked wheat
germ. See savar.
sawilke adj. simple, naive, gullible,
unsophisticated, ignorant, {also: <sawilke>
(Hej)) (syn:xe§im) Sor sawilke [Zeb/OK/Hej]
sax^L adj . 1) f syn: p’ak; saxlem) well, healthy; alive;
-sax ft selamet (IFb) a) safe and sound: •Wana
pez ji qirbftne xilaz dikir yan§ ji ji dest§
cerd£ derdixist ft sax ft silamet
vedigerande gund (Ba2:l, p.204) They rescued
the sheep from destruction or snatched them from
the clutches of brigands and returned them safe
and sound to the village; b) hale and hearty; -sax
bftn (B) to heal (vi.), be cured: «Aqft p’§xember
wi kirasi n§ziki g’av£ xwe dike, wi gaxi
herdu g’ave wi dest xweda sax dibin (Ba-1,
#37) Jacob the prophet brings this shirt close to his
eyes, and both his eyes are immediately cured [of
blindness] *Dewlgi g’eveki kor bft ... g’eve
wi sax dibe (Ba) The bucket carrier was blind in
one eye ... his eye gets well; -dest§ te sax be
(Ag) blessing said by guest to host [ess] after weal
[lit. ’may your hands be well'] [reply: lo§i (lft§i)
can (Ag)/nox§i can (Srk)]; -sax kirinve (Bw) to
revive, resuscitate, bring back to life {syn:
vejandin}; 2) whole; intact, {also: sax (K); [sag]
0J); <sax> £-L (HH)} < T sag; Sor sax ^L/sax^L;
Hau saq = "well, fit" (M4) {sax[et]i; saxi)
[K/HH//(JB3)/JBl-A&S//JJ//IFb/A/B/SK/GF/TF/
OK/Ba] <saxesax; saxbun>
saxbftn 1) recovery, convalescence
(from an illness) ; healing (of a wound) ; 2) being in
good health (JJ). {also: saxbun (K); [sag bouin]
(JJ); <saxbun> (HH))
[K/HH//A/JB3/(IF)/B//JJ]
saxelem (IFb) = healthy; reliable. See saxlem.
saxesax adj. alive: •T’enS Clsib miri§ka
xwe saxesax pa§da [a]ni (Ba3-1) Only Joseph
brought back his chicken alive, {also: saxe-sax
(F/K)) [Ba3-1/B//F/K] <sax>
saxeti (A) = wholeness; health. See saxi.
saxiri £ (-ya; ). croup, crupper, rump of a
quadruped, {also: [sagri] (JJ)) {syn: qerp’uz
[1] (EP-7); Perku (EP-7)) Cf. T sagri = 'rump (of an
animal) ’ [Z-1/K//JJ]
saxi £ [ ;-ye). 1) wholeness; 2) (good) health;
3) checking. See saxti. [also: saxeti (A); saxi)
[JB3/IFb/B/SK/GF/OK//A] <sax; saxti>
saxlem p<J^L adj. 1) {syn: p’ak; sax) healthy, well;
sound, unharmed; alive; 2) {syn: ewlekar) reliable,
trustworthy: «Bi mebesta ku em ji j§der§n
saxlem xwe li ser rew§a ezidiyan bikin
xwedi zanin me ji deve Mire ezidiyen
duhokS pirsgir£ken wan guhdarikirin (Wit
2:73, p.16) With the purpose of informing
ourselves about the situation of the yezidis from
reliable sources, we have listened to their problems
straight from the mouth of the Mir of the yezidis of
dihok. {also: saxelem (IFb); saxlem (F/K); <saxlem>
pUL (HH)) <T saglam = 'healthy, strong,
trustworthy' [Bw/Wlt/A/(B)/OK//IFb//F/K/HH]
saxti (K) = checking, examination. See saxti.
sax (K/HH) = whole; healthy. See sax.
saxbun c j 25 ^i>L (K/HH) = recovery, healing; good
health. See saxbun.
saxe-sax (F/K) = alive. See saxesax.
saxi = wholeness; health. See saxi.
saxlem (F/K) = healthy; reliable. See saxlem.
saxti £ (-ya; ). checking, examination, testing;
• •
search: # Merik gft saxi gihi§te darbir (Dz.
anecdote #7) The man went out to check, and
reached the woodcutter [who had been wounded
by a falling tree]; -sextiya fk-§ kirin (Erg)/saxti
kirin (L): a) to visit, call on, look in on (a sick
person ): • [Mem didn’t come pass out coffee to the
530
members of his father’s court. His father sent two
men to see why] Du meri ghn setya Mem#
kirin (EP-7, #9) Two men went to visit (or. look
in on) Mem; b) to examine.-inspect, check out
{syn; seh kirin [e]}: *Tu# hindure ve hire saxti
bik! b# gi t# de ye (L-l #3, p.74, 1.13) . {also:
saxti (K); saxi (Dz); sexti (Erg); *seti (EP-7)1 (perhaps
originally 'checking in on s.o. ill in hopes of
finding him well ’] [EP-7//K//Erg] <sax>
saye «jL (SK) = shade, shadow. See si I.
say is m. (). three-year-old male goat, {also:
seyis II (Zeb); [seis] (JJ)) {sjTi.'hevuri: kurlii TI
compares this with Ar tays = "male goal'
[B?k//JJ/Zeb] <gisk; hevuri; neri I>
sayi I adj. clear, bright; cloudless (of sky): *Ew
vira ser pi§te vedilezya nava kulilka, li
'ezmane sayiyi be 'ewr diniheri d dest
xweda dik’ete xwea §irin (Ba2:l, p.202) He
would sprawl on his back among the flowers, look
up at the clear, cloudless sky, and immediately fall
fast asleep • sibeke g’ik-sayi (Ba) one fine
morning, {also: sahi (OK); [sal] (JJ):
<sahl> (HH)) (Ba/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//HH.VOK/HI
crohni I; safi>
saz jL m. ( ; sez, vi sazi). 1) saz, baglama [stringed
musical instrument with long neck] : -saz u
sazbend (Z-2) saz and saz player: -saz xistin (B)
to play the saz; 2) tune (=condition of being in
tune) (A); -saz kirin (B): a) to tune an instrument:
b) to make, found, establish ( svn: damezirandin):
•Hinek niviskar diyar dikin ku MHP xwe
ji nd ve saz dike d ber bi demokratikbune
ve dige (AW69A1) Some writers declare that the
MHP [Nationalist People's Party] is re-making itself
and becoming more democratic. I also: [saz] jL (JJ);
<saz> jL (HH)) [Z-t/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JI/HH/SK-'GFTFl
<t 5 embur>
sazbend m. (). 1) musician (F/IF/JB3/1J) [sas-
bend]; saz player (K); musician who plays on the
saz or any stringed instrument (B): -saz u
sazbend (Z-2) saz and saz player; 2) zither,
dulcimer (JJ) [sas-band]. f also: [sas-bend/ sas-band]
01); <sazbend> jojjL (HH)[ |sazhendi[
IZ-2/EP-7/K/jB3/lFb/B/HH/GF//J]l <begzade [2]>
sazbend! f ( ;-y§). 1) occupation or
profession of playing a saz or other stringed
instalment (B); 2) ait of playing string instr umen ts
(B). IK®] <saz: sazbend>
£ (-a; ). organization: •Sazgeha
yekemfn a Kurd an a alikariy#, li hajarfl
bo chum# li Alxnanyay# bi nav# Heyva Sor
(Kizilay) di 15 ; § Adar# de damezir! (Wit
2:59. p-4j The first Kurdish helping organization,
by the name off the Red Crescent, was established
in the city off Bochum in Germany on the fifteenth
of March. [(neoljWlij <sazi>
sazi , AL £ {-ya; }. association, institution.
foundation (corporate body): •Heyva Sor hi
saziya girtiyan HEVKOME re Ji di iekiliy#
de ye (Wit 2:59. p.Yjl The Red Crescent is also in
touch with HEVKOM. the foundation for prisoners,
({neoljft FIt/GF/TF) <sazgeh>
se <*/se o IBw/SK] m. (-ye; se). dog. hound: -se§
ave (B) otter, zool. genus Lutia: -seye gure (A)
sheepdog, dog adept at protecting sheep from
wolves [see gurex]; »fier keriki p#zTa s#-gar
seed gurex derdik-etne gole (Ba2) With every
flock of sheep, three or four sheepdogs went out to
die pastures; -see har (A) rabid dog. {a/so: sag;
[seh] (JJ): <seh> (HH)! {sin: k-elb: kug*ik)
[PoL kuon- 632.1 f dog’: Proto !r *swan-: Median
*spaka-; Southern Tati dialects: Cbali asba m.;
Eshtehardi esba m. (Yar-shater); P sag JL (<*saka-
<*swa-ka-): Sor seg ^A-Jseg cf. Rus sobaka
co6aza. See A&L p. 90 [XIII, 1].
[K '• A/JB3/IFb/B/TT//SK//HH] <fiemis>
se" kirin F oV*-. (Msr) = to hear: to find out: to
understand. See seh: -seh kirin.
seb I iIFb]l = reason. See sebeb.
seb II . | j ' -- (KH) = for. See seb a.
seba b*-* prep. 1) !sm: bona! for. for the sake of: •Ai-
p 5 a§a Eukuin kir, ku a§iq k’ilameke
eviniye beje seva Mem# wi (Z-1} A 1-pasha
ordered the singer to sing a love song for his [son]
Mem *L§ xwe de meke, ko tu seb
talankirina gencineya mart maxi bikuji
fKH, p.34) God forbid that you kill the snake in
order to pillage [or, for the sake of pillaging] its
treasure •Pa?# gu cem t’erzi, t’emi kir seva
k ! ince xwe (Z-l) Then he went to a tailor, and
gave instructions for his clothes; -seba xatir# ... =
do.; •seva xatire min (Z-l) for my sake; -seba
gi (A/JB3) why? what for?; 2) [conjj [+ subj.) to [+
531
s_
inf.], in order to: »Hatine diwana mir S. ...
seva Zina delal bixazin C’ekanfa (Z-l) They
came to prince S.'s court... to request [the hand of]
darling zin [in marriage] for Chekan •Lazime
k’omek bidine Q., seva k’ogk-sere xwe ge
ke (Z-l] They should help Q. to build his palace
• T’eme dida wan, seva ewana fikra M.
biKesin (Z-l] He instructed them to find out M.'s
opinion, {also: seb II (KH]; seva (Z-l]; sewa II) Cf.
[seb v^/sebeb v-r—1 (JJ); < Ar sabab = 'cause,
reason' [BX/Z-l/K/A/(JB3/IFb]/B/TF//KH]
sebab m. Q. 1] author, initiator; 2] culprit:
•Were hineki hesa be, pa§e tuye sebaba
nas biki (Z-l] come rest a little, then you will
meet [lit. 'know'] the culprits, j also: sebebk’ar
(K/B)) < Ar sabbab v lL [Z-1//K/B]
sebeb f(F/K/IFb)/m.(B/JBl-A/SK ) (-a/ ; ).
cause, reason, j also: seb I (IFb-2]; sevev (B-2]; [seb
c^/sebeb ^^] (JJ]| j syn: eger II; sedem; u§t) <Ar
sabab Sor sebeb [F/K/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/
SK/GF]
sebebk’ar (K/B] = author; culprit. See sebab.
sebet £ (-a;-e). 1] {syn: ’edil) basket; large
basket (B] [sebet]; 2] box (A]; small box (HH]; box
or case made of hide with iron trimmings (JJ)
[sabat]. {also: sepet (K/IFb/GF]; [sebet/sabat]
(JJ]; <sebet> (HH)) <P sabad j-- --> T sepet;
Sor sebete [F/A/B/JJ/HH//K/IFb/GF]
<mekev; sewi; zembil>
sebir (K/B/IFb] = patience; sneeze. See sebr.
seb! m. (]. child, boy: ®Eze sere te u sebi
••
t’ev jdkim (Z-3] I will behead both you and the
boy. < Ar sabl L$ ~£> [Z-3/Frq]
sebr _^j<u*/sebr [SK] £/m.(Bw/JBl-A) (-a/-e;
-6/-i). 1] patience: -sebri ke§an (Bw) to be
patient: •Pddiviya tu sebri bike§i (Bw] You
should be patient; -sebr kirin - to be patient,
wait: »Sebirke, lawo, xwedd reKme! (J] Be
patient, son, God is merciful!; 2] joy, pleasure,
delight, fun: -sebra dil (K/XF) do.; -sebre fk-e
bi fk-§ hatin (Bw/SK] to take delight in s.o., find
s.o.’s company enjoyable [in neg. means 'to be
bored']: •Mamo, sebre min nethat[=nedihat],
eji [=ez jf] hatime nik te (JBl-A #144] Uncle, I
was bored, so I came to [see] you *Sebra min
qewi bi te tet (SK 9:82) Pm delighted to have
you [as a guest] •Sebr§ min p§ dih6t (Bw) I
enjoy being around him; -sebra dile fk-§ hatin
(XF/K) do.: • Sebra dil@ min b6 te nay@ (K) I
can’t enjoy myself [or, relax] without you around;
3) sneezing several times in a row: the Kurds
believe that sneezing several times brings bad luck;
therefore , after doing so, one must wait for a few
minutes before resuming whatever one was doing
prior to sneezing (K/B): -sebr hatin (F) to sneeze
{syn: behnijin; henijin [3]; pekijin). {also: sebir
(K/B/IFb-2); [sebr] ^ (JJ); <sebr> ^ (HH)) < Ar
sabr^> = 'patience' [JJ/HH/SK//F/JB3/IFb/Bw//K/B]
<bi sebr; t’ab>
Sebt f. Q. Saturday: -Sebte (Msr) on Saturday.
{also: Sept (Czr)) {syn: Pa§ini (Ur); §emi) < Ar sabt
c™ [Msr/Btm/K/JB3/IF//Czr]
sed j^/sed [SK] num. m.(K)/£(JB3). hundred,
100: *Zinker sed zer xwest, mem§ dusid
zer dae (EP-7) The saddlemaker asked for 100
gold pieces, Mem gave him 200 (gold pieces); -
dusid = two hundred, 200 (qv.) . {also: sid; [sed]
(JJ); <sed> a*? (HH)) [Pok kmtom <*(d)kmt6m
192.] 'hundred' <[dekm 191.] 'ten': Skt satam; Av
satem; Mid P sad (M3); P sad a*?; Sor sed Za se
(Todd); Hau sed (M4) [BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//
HH/SK]
sedem p o £ (—a ; ). 1) {syn: eger II; sebeb; u§t)
reason, cause: »Ba§ e, sedem gi ye? (Wit 1:49,
p.16) Well then, what is the reason? •Sedemek
bi tene heye (Wit 1:49, p.16) There is only one
reason; 2) [prep.) because of, for the sake of (JJ/GF):
• [Sedem-a t6 hatim] (JJ) I came because of you.
{also: [sedem] ^ (JJ); <sedem> ^ (HH))
[Wlt/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
sedeqe aioj^/sedeqe [IFb/OK] £ (J. alms,
charity: *[Eger mirofek ji tayifa xwendiyan
ihsan 11 sedeqeyekd weyaxft te’am ft
zadeki bidine feqireki ez de gomaxeki li
ve deholS bidim] (JR-2) If someone from the
class of the learned should give charity or food to a
poor person, I will strike a blow on this drum.
{also: [sadaqa] (JJ); <sedeqe> *3^ (HH))< Ar
sadaqah = 'charitable gift, voluntary
contribution of alms’; Sor sedeqe
[JR/JJ/HH/SK//IFb/OK] <ihsan>
sedir m. (-§; s£dir, vi sediri). president:
• Sedre Cvata Respublika Ermenistaneye
Mleti§ Babk§n Arark’syan 18-6 OktyabrS
532
bi seredana resmi guye T’urk’iae (RT
22[1995] p. 1) The president of the national
assembly of the Republic of Armenia, Babken
Ararksyan, went to Turkey on an official visit on
the 18th of October, {also: sedr (F)| {syn: serok [2]}
[RT/K/B//F]
sedmer f. (). group of 100 soldiers, company
(mil.) : *Duhi tevdana kewte sedmeran
dom kiriye (RN) Yesterday the movements of
troops and companies continued. < sed = '100' +
mer = 'man' [(neol)RN/K(s)]
sedr (F) = president. See sedir.
sedsal f. (). century, 100 years, {also: sedsali
(K/B/GF); [sed sal] JL (JJ)} {syn: gerx [2]} < sed
= '100' + sal = 'year'; =Sor sede oj*-
[IFb/JJ/RZ//K/B/GF]
sedsali (K/B/GF) = century. See sedsal.
§ ■
seet (LM) = hour; clock. See saet.
sefer f. ( ;-e). l) (syn: re wit i) trip, journey;
travel: -sefer kirin (IFb) to take a trip, to travel;
2) {syn: §er) battle, war, fight (IF/B); holy war or
campaign against infidels (HH): -de§ta sefere (B)
battlefield, battleground {syn: qada §ef). {also:
[sefer] Ju, (JJ); <sefer> (HH)) < Ar safar
[Z-1/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
sefi (Ba3) = stupid. See sefih.
••
sefih adj. stupid: »Nav3 wi Benemene,
Taste ew bire meye, le belengaze, sefiye,
ti§teki fam nake (Ba3-3, #37) His name is
Benjamin; true, he is our brother, but he is
miserable, he is stupid, he doesn’t understand
anything, {also: sefi (Ba3); [sefih] ^JL, (JJ); <sefih>
(HH)} {syn: aqilsivik; beaqil) <Ar saflh -
'stupid; insolent' [Ba3//K/JJ/HH/SK] <aqil I; aqil II>
sefil (JB3/IFb) = miserable; poor; simple; ugly.
See sdffl.
sefili C5 Ljd U , (JB3) = misery; poverty; powerlessness.
See s&fili.
seg = dog. See se.
segman qL?+~ m. (). 1) watchman, guard:
•Segman§n qesir§ b§ji h peyay§n wi tev
de ku§ti blln ft cendek§ mir§ b§ji ka§ kiri
bdn heta ber deriye qesire (Rnh 3:23, p.7)
The palace guards killed the bastard together with
his men, and dragged the corpse of the bastard
emir up to the gates of the palace; 2) hunter (K/GF).
{also: segvan (TF)} Cf. P sagban jlX* = 'dogkeeper'
(hence 'hunter') [Rnh/K/IFb/GF/OK//TF]
seglawi adj. fine breed of horse: *Hesp§
Bek’o 'esile, seklawiye (Z-3) Beko’s horse is
noble, a seglawi. {also: seklawi (Z-3); [seqlavi]
(JJ); <seglawi> (HH)) according to JJ <
Ar saqlawi a district near Feloudja (in Iraq),
west of the Euphrates [Z-3//IFb/HH/TF//JJ]
segvan (TF) = guard; foot soldier. See segman.
seh Adu,: -seh kirin = a) {syn: bihistin; guh le bun
(Bw)) to hear [in Misirc/Kurtalan, province of
Siirt/Sert, this verb completely replaces bihistin]
(Msr/JJ/HH) [seh kirin]: *[Melayi weku ev
xebera ji jine seh kiri, xwe sil kir] (JR-3)
When the mullah beard these words from the
woman, he got angry •Meme denge Zine seh
kir (EP-7) Mem heard Zin's voice *Min duhu
seh kir ku ew§ here §eher (B) I heard
yesterday that he was going to town; b) [syn; guh
dan/kirin; guhdari kirin) to listen to; to perceive; c)
{syn: pe l'iesin) to find out; d) to examine, inspect,
check out (Bw/JBl-A/JJ) [sah‘ kirin]{syn: saxti kirin
[b]). {also: se 5 kirin (Msr); seh kirin (JBl-A); [seh
kirin ^ /sah‘ kirin qj ,J'^\ (JJ); <seK kirin
(seh dike) (HH)) ?<Ar sahha ^ =
'to be correct, true, right' [EP-7/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/7
Msr//HH/JBl-A/Bw]
sehet I (K) = hour; clock. See saet.
sehet II o f. (-a;-e). health: »Seheta wi
xirabe (K/B) He is in bad health # Seheta wi
xwe§e (B) He is in good health •Seheta we
gawane (F)/gewane (B) How is your health? How
are you?; -Sehet be (IF/HH) bon appetit; -SeEet
xwe§! (B/HH/IF)/SeKeta te xo§ (JBl-A) bravo!
good for you! {also: sehet II (JBl-A/B); sihet II (IFb-
2); [sahat] (JJ); <sehhet> ^ (HH)} {syn: saxi)
< Ar sihhah [F/K/IFb//JB 1-A/B//JJ//HH]
sehewjcufc^ (GF) = terror; awe. See saw.
sehiw^^ (TF) = terror; awe. See saw.
sehm (IFb/SK/GF/TF/Bw) = terror; awe. See
saw.
sehw^jfc<*~, (GF) = terror; awe. See saw.
seh kirin qJ' (HH/JBl-A/JJ/Bw) = to hear; to find
out; to understand; to check out. See seh: -seh
kirin.
sefiat (GF) = hour; clock. See saet.
sehet I (B/EP-7/Z-1) = hour; clock. See saet.
533
sefiet II (JBl-A/B) = health. See sehet II.
seiyed J <LJ (F) = hunter. See seydvan.
seket (SK) = lame. See seqet.
sekihin vi. (-sekih-). to be set on edge (of
teeth) : *Bav harsim dixwe, dranen kur
disekihin (BX) The father eats sour grapes, and
the son's teeth are set on edge [prv.]. { syn: alft bun)
Cf. Heb kahah HHp & NA qahe (q-h-j/O) (Garbell) =
'to be blunted, set on edge (teeth) ' [BX/IFb] <alu;
didan; harsim; xidok>
sekin f. (). stop, stopping place; rest: -sekin ft
hedan (Msr) rest, calm: -sekin ft hedan bi fk-e
nak’eve (Msr) S.o. cannot sit still: • Sekin ft
hedan pe nak’eve (Msr) He just can’t sit still
•Sekin ft hedan bi te nak’eve (Msr) you just
won’t sit still (said to a naughty or overactive
child), {also: sekn (GF)} [Msr/K/IFb//GF] <hedan;
nesikini; tena 1>
sekinandin vt. (-sekinin-). 1) {syn:
rawestandin) to stop (vt.), cause to stop or halt:
•Ew bazirgan dide sekinandin# (Ba) He had
the caravan halt; 2) to park (a car) (Zx). [also:
[sekinandin] ^ jjLsL, (JJ); <sekinandin
^jjLsL,(disekinine) ((HH)) < Ar sakana
- 'to calm down; to reside'
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Zx] <sekimn>
sekinin vi. (-sekin-/-sen- [Ag/J]). 1) {syn:
rawestan) to stand: «Gavan gft, ber tate sekini
(L) The cowherd went and stood in front of the
rock; 2) to stop: *Ez ber gem sekinim (L) I
stopped (or, stood) by the river •K’eg’ik digri,
qasek# disene (J) The girl cries, rests for a while
•[description of a wedding] Mala berbftyeda
roki bisene buke. Roki disene, qize gund,
bftk# gund, gence gund gi top dibin, de’at
bilizin (Ks) ?At the house of the bride's sister, the
bride rests/stops. On the day she rests, the girls of
the village, the young women of the village, the
young men of the village, all gather to dance [at]
the wedding *Wexteke disene, keg’ik ze’f
belengaz dibe (J) When she rests, the girl
becomes very troubled; 3) (syn: g’av li re bun; li
bendi bftn/man; heviya ... man/bftn; pan) to wait
for. {also: [sekinin] (JJ); <sekinin q+jSL
(disekine) (HH)) < Ar sakana qSL = 'to
calm down; to reside' [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
<sekinandin>
sekitin vi. (-sekit-). to die (of ritually
unclean animals , e.g., dogs; contemptuous when
used of humans; for ritually clean animals , mirar
btin is used , qv.) . {also: [sekitin] (JJ);
<sekitin (disekiti) ((j£*> (HH)}
[Bw/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/OK//HH] <mirar; mirin>
seklawi (Z-3) = breed of horse. See seglawi.
• •
sekn ^ (GF) = stopping place. See sekin.
sel J^/sel [HH/SK] m. (). stone slab (B); broad
stone, flat stone (SK): *Vira hinda kevireki sel
ape §evav em dane sekinandin§ (Ba2-4,
p.220) Here, near a stone slab (?), Uncle Shavav
stopped us. {also: <sel> (HH)}
[Ba2/K/IFb/B/GF//HH/SK] <kevir; tat I>
selam (EP-7/K) = greetings, regards. See silav.
selamet adj. 1) {syn: tena I) safe, secure:
•Eger wucoda wi selamet bit ft digel
bende xudan-merHemet bit hemi dunya
mal§ min e (SK 22:202) So long as he is safe and
well and kind to his servant then all the world's
riches are mine Ǥukr bo xude ku min
dujmin@ xo telef kir ft tola xo kireve, ez
mam selamet (SK 61:774 = ST, p.30 [2nd
group]) Thank God, I have finished my enemy and
taken my revenge in safety [lit. 'I remained safe’];
-sax ft selamet (IFb) a) safe and sound; b) hale
and hearty; 2) {syn: sax; saxlem) well, healthy,
whole; 3) safety; health. See selameti. {also:
silamet (B); [salamet (G)/salamat (Rh)] (JJ);
<selamet> (HH)) <Ar salamah 'safety,
well-being': P salamat = 'health, safety; safe,
healthy'; Sor selamet {selameti; silameti)
[K/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/GF/OK //B]
selameti f. (-ya-y§). 1) [syn: tenahi) safety,
security; 2) {syn: saxi) health, well-being: •Sila-
metiya kure te dixwazim (B) I wish your son a
speedy recovery, [also: silameti (B); [selameti]
(JJ)i Cf. P salamat! (jut* - ’health, security';
Sor selameti [K/iFb/JJ/SK/OK//B] <selamet>
selav = greetings, regards. See silav.
selef JcUv m. (-§; ). 1) {syn: g’avkani; kani] spring,
source (K): *Min se roj berde selef§ van
kaniyane (Z-l) Leave me for three days [by] the
source of these springs; 2) group, unit (of people):
-selefe siwaran (IFb) unit of cavalrymen; 3)
percent, % (K): •pSnc selef (K) five percent, 5%;
534
4) interest (accrued interest of money), {also: [selef]
oiL (JJ); <selef> (HH)) [EP-7/Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/
JJ/HH/GF/TF]
selka me§ka ls3<^ (Bw) = beehive. See selme§k.
selm@§k o. beehive, {also: selka me§ka
(Bw-2)) {syn; kewar [l]; kewarme§) [Bw/Dh] <me§
[2]; xilefe>
semai (Bw) = blue bergfiz material. See
semayi.
semali (Zeb) = blue bergfiz material. See
•»
semayi.
semayi adj. pattern of bergfiz material : blue
(§in). {also: semai (Bw-2); semali (Zeb)) [Bw//Zeb]
<berguz>
semt m./f(Dh/Zeb) (-e/-a; /-&). 1) [also: simt
(Zeb/Dh)} {syn: ali) side, direction (K/JJ/GF/Zeb); 2)
region, district, country (JJ): •[EkradSd simte
Bohtan ttekariyan k§m bi ecel§d xo
dimirin] (BN 138) The Kurds of the regions of
Bohtan and Hekkari seldom die a natural death; 3)
{syn : fesal [3]) comfortable stance or position (B):
•Ewi semt hilda u agir kir (B) He took a
comfortable stance and fired [his gun]; 4) the right
moment, propitious or auspicious moment (B); 5)
{also: simt (IFb)) hilltop, summit, peak (IFb):
•Xec§ we siRete li semte we zozane kone
Te§i ’erebi rakir ft vegirt (IS-#360) Then Khej
pitched the black Arab [=bedouin] tent on the
slope of that summer encampment, {also: simt
(IFb/Zeb/Dh); [semt] (JJ)} <Ar samt = ’way,
road; manner, mode’; T semt = neighborhood’
[IS/K/B/JJ/GF//IFb/Dh/Zeb]
semyan I (Zeb/Dh) = master. See sermiyan.
senayi = easy. See asan.
sencab f. (). squirrel, (syn; siwuri) < Ar sinjab
--> T sincap; Sor sincaw = grey
squirrel’ [F/Ad]
sen c et f (-a;-£). 1) (syn; hiner) art, skill; 2)
profession, trade, craft; 3) industry: -senheta
giran (B) heavy industry; -senReta sivik (B)
light industry, {also: senKet (B); sinet (IFb); sinhet,
f.(K)/m.(JB3); [senaat] (JJ); <sin'et> (HH))
< Ar san‘ah = ’work(manship), art' ~> T
zanaat = ’craft, trade' [(Ber)//HH//K/JB3//IFb//B]
sen‘etk’ar m. (). 1) isyn: pi§ek’ar (Ber/JB3)|
artisan, craftsman; 2) (syn; hunermend) artist, {also:
senRetgi (B-2); senKetdar (B); senRetk’ar (B-2);
_S
sinetkar (IFb); sin’etkar (GF); sinhetk’ar (K); [senaat-
ker] (JJ)) [Ber//K//B//IFb//GF//JJ]
senger m. (). 1) {syn: geper I; k’ozik)
fortification, rampart, bulwark; 2) [syn: geper I;
k’ozik) trench, entrenchment, ditch, {also:
[sengher] (JJ)) Cf. P sangar =
’entrenchment, stronghold’; Sor senger =
’parapet of a trench’ [Bw/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK]
senhet (B) = art, skill; profession; industry. See
sen’et.
senKetgi (B) = artisan; artist. See sen’etk’ar.
senhetdar j) Jj (B) = artisan; artist. See
sen’etk’ar.
senhetk’ar (B) = artisan; artist. See
sen'etk’ar.
sentenet /sentenet [M-Am] f.
(-a;-S). splendor, magnificence, pomp; luxury:
•Muxabini te, te ev qesra ava kiri ft ev
sentenete ft be jin! (M-Am #740, p.340) It’s a
pity for you, that you've built this palace and have
all this majesty, but no wife! {also: <sentene>
(Hej)} [Zeb/K/M-Am//Hej]
sepet (K/IFb/GF) = basket; box. See sebet.
%
Sept (Czr) = Saturday. See Sebt.
seqawel (Ag) = large broom. See siqavel.
seqed (OK/JJ-Lx) = lame. See seqet.
seqet adj. 1) crippled, lame, disabled;
mutilated, maimed: •Pa§i mar hat e p§§, got,
"... Jehra min gelek dijwar. Ew§ nemirit
exleb seqet dibit" (SK 1:6) Then the snake
came forward and said, "... My venom is very
strong. He who does not die is generally maimed";
-xwe seqet kirin (M-Ak) to have o.s.
emasculated: •Qare ewe bigime Iali
duxtoreki, xo seqet bikem (M-Ak, #632) The
remedy was for me to go to a doctor and
emasculate myself; 2) rude, impolite, coarse (of
speech): •Axaftin seqet e (Bw) The talk is rude.
{also: seket (SK-2); seqed (OK-2); [saqat/saqad (Lx)]
k iL, (JJ); <seqet> oJi~ (HH)) <Ar saqat = 'any
worthless thing; trash; junk’; T sakat = 'disabled,
handicapped (person); unsound, defective’; Sor
seqet = 'broken down, dangerous (action,
character, talk)' [SK/Bw/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK]
seqevel (F) = large broom. See siqavfil.
ser I m. (-e; ). 1) [syn: k’elle II) head: # Ez [bi]
ser§ te kim (Z-l) I swear by you •Ser§ min
535
de§e (AB) My head aches, I have a headache
•Ser£ bav§ we kim (K) I swear by your father
[oath]; -Cend sere wi hene? (XF) How dare he?
Who does he think he is?: *Q]end sere te bene,
wekt tu usa dikt? (Z-l) Who do you think you
are, [=lit. 'how many heads do you have?’] to do
such a thing?; -sere fk-i anin = to do to s.o., to
cause to befall: •Ti§tek sere wl nanye (Ba)
They didn't do anything to him; -sere fk-f hatin
= to befall, happen to s.o. [cf. P sargozast ^sf^;
T ba§mdan gegenler]: *Weki ti§tek be sere wi
(Ba) If anything happens to him; -ser li 'erde =
down, low: •T’aS Osib ser le ’erde dimine
... le t’ae Osib li ser quloz dibe (Ba) The
pan of the scales with Joseph [on it] remains down
(=on the ground) ... but the scale with Joseph [on it]
rises (to the top) ; -ser h ber: *Bi ser H ber§
xwe ve (BX) entirely; 2) point, tip; 3) beginning,
start: *[Yazde bi Hezirane, ser£ havine,
bere xwe bide zivistane] (BG) The eleventh of
June (Julian calendar - BG), the start of summer,
look toward the winter [proverbial expression]; 4)
end, extremity, {also: seri; [ser] ^ (JJ); <ser>^~
(HH)) [Pok. 1. ker- 574.] 'horn, head; with
derivatives referring to horned auimals, horn¬
shaped objects, and projecting parts’: P sar_^; Sor
ser jou* = 'head, top, summit, hill, chief, beginning,
extremity, end, tip (fingers, toes), the Arabic vowel
fatha; Za sere m. = ’head, chief, point, top, hill, ear
(of corn)' (Mai); Hau sere m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF//B] See also seri.
ser II prep, l) on: *Ve kitebe dene ser mase
(BX) Put this book on the table; 2) in combination
with postpositions:
-bi ser ... de = on (with motion), onto: *Av bi
ser wi de rijand (BX) He poured water on him
•Rojek£ ji roj£n xwede, bi ser wan de
hatiye Eyda qurbane (DM) One day, the Feast
of Immolation (greater Bayram) came upon them;
-bi ser ... re = over (with motion): • Refen me bi
ser qada §eri re firiyane (RN) Our squadrons
flew over the battlefield;
-bi ser ... ve = to: *Bi ser ft-T ve z£de kirin =
to add to; -bi ser ve gUn = to pass, elapse (of
time): *Ew irade H pi§girtin, dema gend sal
bi ser ve gfin an sist dibe, an ji mezintir
dibe (AW72D3) This desire and support, when a
couple of years have passed, will either weaken or
become greater;
-di ser ... de = on (location, without motion) :
•£wik di ser helina xwe de ye (L) The
sparrow is in (or, on) its nest;
-di ser ... re = above, over (with or without
motion) : *Xaniyen wan di ser hev re ne
(BX) Their apartments are above one another (or,
one above the other) *Kevir di ser diw@r re
avet (BX) He threw the rock over the wall
• Daran di ser xwe re mebire (BX) Don’t cut
the trees above you [prv ., cf ”Don't bite the hand
that feeds you"];
-ji ser = from off of [cf. Rus s (c) + gen.]:
• Rojname ji ser kirsiye rakir (BX) He picked
the newspaper up off the chair *Wexta bira ji
ser bire gUn (Bz) When the brothers went away
from (=left) the well;
-li ser = a) about, regarding: *Min kitebek li ser
fizidiyan nivisand (BX) I wrote a book about
the Yezidis *Tu geliki diqehiri li ser kevnek
jina (L) you are very sad about (or, over) an old
woman; b) on: *Li ser kursiya ziv rUdine (L)
He sits down on the silver chair; c) in consequence
of, following, as a result of: *li ser ve qerare
(BX) as a result of this decision;
-li ser ... Ta = in spite of, despite: *li ser hind£
fa (Dh/Zeb) nevertheless;
-li ser ... ve = in the direction of, toward: # Li ser
kebab ve gft, li ser dexdexana keran ve
bu (BX) He went toward [the smell of] kebab, he
arrived at the branding of donkeys [prv.].
{also: [ser] (JJ); <ser> (HH)} Cf. P sar-e
[BX/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH]
serad j)j^/serad [OK/TF/A] /. (-a;-£).
▼
winnowing sieve with large holes: -serad kirin
(K)/serad dan (OK) to sift, {also: serat (B/Mzg);
[serrad] j)(JJ); <serrad> j)^ (HH)} <Ar Vs-r-d
= 'to pierce' & sarad j_^/misrad = ’coarse
sieve'; Sor seren[d] O j — riddle, coarse sieve’
[Bw/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//HH//B/Mzg] <bejing;
moxil>
sera»dan vt. (sera-d[e]-). 1) to visit, drop in
on, pay a visit to: # De hem sera te dem (Bw) I
will come visit you # De sereki li mala hewe ji
dem (Bw) I'll drop by your house for a little bit
too *Em d§ rabin, gin, sera bab£ te deyn
s
(M, #692, p.312) We shall rise and go and pay a
visit to your father •Ew s£ sal btl min sera te
neday (Bw) I haven't visited you for three years;
2) [f. ().] a visit: # Ez de hem nik te bo
seradan£ (Bw) I will come pay you a visit, {also:
serdan (K/IFb/HH/FJ/GF); seredan (SS); serledan
(A)) [Bw//K/IFb/HH/FJ/GF//SS/A]
serast O-d J (IFb) = honest. See serrast.
serat ot(B/Mzg) = coarse sieve. See serad.
serban m. (-§;-!). 1) (syn: ban II; sit’ar) roof:
• Hawine ke§ket wan li serbanet re§-malan
H keprokan d xaniyan direw£m, dixom (SK
1:3) In summer I snatch their buttermilk, (drying)
on the roofs of tents and bough-huts and houses,
and eat it; 2) terrace (K/JJ). {also: [ser-ban] (}});
<serban> 0 L^ (HH)) [JR/Ba2/K/IFb/JBl-A/JJ/HH/
SK/GF]
serbaz jL m. (). 1) ( syn: esker; le§ker[2J} soldier;
2) officer (JB3/IFb). Cf. P sarbaz Sor serbaz
= 'soldier' [EP-7/K/A/JB3/IFb/GF]
serbest Aj j A** / adj. 1) free; 2) clear (of a road. path,
etc.) (Bw); 3) independent (IFb/GF/OK); 4) brave,
courageous (HH/GF). {also: <serbest> (HH)}
Cf. P sarbaste = 'closed'—> T serbest = 'free'
(serbest!) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bw]
serbest! f. (-ya;-ye). freedom,
independence: «Bi w§ derece serbestiya
axiwtine gak niye (SK 60:720) Freedom of
speech to that degree is not good «W! hest dikir
ev j!ngehe ya dibite h£zeka regir
beramber viyanet w! y§t huneri u viyana
w! bo serbestiyS (Peyv 3[1996], 38) He felt that
this environment was getting in the way of [lit.
'becoming a preventive force'] his artistic desires
and his desire for freedom. ( also: [ser-besiiet]
(J})1 {syn: azadi; rizgari) Cf. P sarbastl
= 'freedom'; Sor serbesti
[Peyv/K/A/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF//JJ]
serbij§r adv. down, downward, {svn: berbijer;
jer; xwar) < ser = ’head' + bi + jer = 'under' [BX]
serbijor adv. up, upward. (syn; bala; berbijor;
jor) < ser = 'head' + bi + jor = 'over' [BX]
serbilind adj. 1) {syn: serfiraz) proud (K/A);
dignified, self-respecting (TF); 2) [syn: serfiraz}
haughty, arrogant, {also: [ser-belenda (G)/ser-belmd
(PS)] CJJ)} < ser = 'head' + bilind = ’high’ ; Sor
v
serbilind A-cbj^/serberz = 'eminent,
excellent, proud (in good sense)' {serbilindahi;
serbilind!} [K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
serbilindahi (GF) = pride. See serbilind!.
##
serbilind! f. (-ya; ). 1) [syn: §anazi) pride,
va
dignity; self-respect, self-esteem: •Sedem§ w£ j!,
gima ku em li canemergSn xwe xwed!
derketin u me xwest em wan bi §anaz! u
bi serbilind! bi gor bikin (Wit 2:59, p.13) The
reason for it [=the reprisal] was that we took care of
our dead young ones, and that we wanted to bury
them with dignity and pride; 2) {syn: serfiraz!}
haughtiness, arrogance, {also: serbilindahi (GF-2)}
[Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <serbilind>
ser-bi-xo jp. v (SK) = independent. See serbixwe.
serbixwe adj. independent; on one’s own:
•Cudaxwaz, di ferhenga dijminen azadiye
de, her Kurdek! ku dixwaze H dixebite ji
bo Kurdistaneke serbixwe il azad (Wit 2:73,
p.7) Separatist, in the lexicon of the enemies of
freedom, [is} every Kurd who wants and works for
a free and independent Kurdistan, {also: ser-bi-xo
(SK)} (syn: serxwe) <ser = 'head' + bi = 'on, in, by'
+ xwe = 'self. Sor serbexo= 'independent'
(serbixweyi) [Wlt/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK//SK]
serbixwey! f. (). independence, {syn:
• •
serxwebun; xwexweti} [GF/OK] <serbixwe>
serg’av m. (). 1) {also: ser-o-gaw (SK);
serug’av (JB3/JB1-S)} (syn; dev u g’av; dindar I; ru
[1]; sifet [3]; suret [1]} face; 2) gladly, OK! [indicates
willingness to carry out a request] [cf. Ar ‘ala 'aynl
C5 ^ Lir U; P casm pip.; T ba§ iistiine & goz iistiine]
< ser = ’head; on' + g’av = 'eye(s)’
[Ba2/K/IF//JB3/JB1-S]
sergavk f. (-a; ). any easily kindled material
for lighting stoves and the like, for getting the flame
going. [Qzl] <dadan; vexistin>
serda adv. l) above, to the top; [=ji serda] from
above: *dar serda k’et birindar kir (Dz) The
tree fell down (from above) [and] wounded [him]
•Xhna sor serda hat (EP-7) Red blood came up
[or, out]; 2) in addition, moreover, into the
bargain; 3) used in verbal compliments: -bi serda
birin (Bw) to explain, elucidate, clarify; -[di]
serda birin (Dh/Bw/AId) to mislead, fool,
deceive, cheat, lead astray. [Dz/EP-7/K]
serdab *3 j A-w f. (). 1) {syn: padval) cellar, basement;
2) {syn: k’afez; tun} subterranean canal; tunnel.
537
[also: serdeb (K); [sardab] v l (JJ)} < P sardab
[A/IFb/JJ//K] <leqem>
serdan jljjdw (K/IFb/HH/FJ/GF) = [to] visit. See
seradan.
serdeb (K) = cellar; tunnel. See serdab.
serdem £ (-a;-£). period, era, epoch: *Ew ji
serdema Mirni§ina Baban e (AW73A3) That
is the period of the Baban Principality • W£
serdemg §ovenizm li Tirkiyeyg ewqas!
xurt nebubft (AW72C1) In that period,
chauvinism in Turkey had not become so strong
[yet]. Sor serdem = 'moment, epoch'
[IFb/GF/OK/SS] <dem; ‘esir; nir U>
serder J Am £ (-a; ). lintel, part above the door or
entrance, [also: serderi (K[s]/IFb); serderk (K[s]-2)}
Sor serderga = 'wooden beam in wall
above door' [Qzl/Frq//K(s)/IFbl <deri I; rexderi;
sivande>
serderi (K[s]/IFb) = lintel of door. See serder.
serderk [K[s]) = lintel of door. See serder.
serdest Caa/O Jj Am adj. 1) victorious; dominant: «Ji
aliye meren xwe u civake ve, ji aliye
serdestan ve dihatin pergiqandin d keda
wan dihat xwarin (Wit 1:35, p.16) [women]
were crushed and exploited by their husbands and
society, by those in power [=the dominant ones];
2) \syn: alt’dar) [m. ().] victor, winner; one who
defeats, beats, wins, is victorious.
[Wlt/K/A/IFb/GF/TF]
serecem £ (-a;-£). 1) (syn: naverok)
contents; 2) {syn: naverok; neta k’itebe (F);
p’erist) table of contents: -serecema k’it£b£ (F)
do.; 3) sum, total. [F/K/B]
seredan jlj(SS) = [to] visit. See seradan.
serederi £ ( ;-y£). comprehension,
understanding: -1£ serederi kirin (K) to
comprehend, interpret, give a meaning to:
•K’utasi, t’u Kekima w£ cim'eta dorg
serederi li nexwe§iya Mem§ nekirin (Z-l) In
short, no doctors or those around them could
comprehend Mem’s illness; -serederi ji f-k§/f-tl
derxistin (B) to understand, comprehend: «Ez
serederiyg ji wi dernaxim (B) I can’t under¬
stand him. [Z-l/K/B] <fehm kirin; seh kirin [2]>
serefraz jt J Am (K/IFb) = proud; excellent; conqueror.
See serfiraz.
serefraz! (K/IFb) = victory; success; pride. See
••
serfirazi.
serejgr adj. down (in crosswords), (syn; stun!}
<ser- = 'head, top' + jer = 'down' [Wlt/TF]
<geperast; xagepirs>
serek m . (-£; ). 1) {syn: serk’ar [1]; serok;
serwer] leader, head, chief: •serekg pensed
xulami (Z-3) head of 500 servant boys; 2) eldest,
oldest, senior: *S£ kurg mir hene /serekvang
kura jera dibejen [sic] kft Gftrgine (Z-3) The
emir has three sons / The eldest of them is called
Gurgin. { also: serekvan (Z-3-2); [serek] (JJ)} Cf.
Sor serak = 'leader, president'
[Z-3/K/B/JJ/IFb/SK/GF] <mezin [4]; revebir>
serekvan q (Z-3) = leader, chief; eldest. See
serek.
serekwezir m. (-£; ). prime minister:
•Rojekg rojnamevaneki biyani ji
serekwezire Mecaristane pirsi (Rnh) One day
a foreign journalist asked the prime-minister of
Hungary... [Rnh/K/JB3/IFb/GF]
serenav m. (). proper noun, proper name
(gram.). [(neol)K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF] <nav I[3]>
sere sibehe (JB3) = dawn, early morning.
See sere sibe.
sere sib£ m. (). 1) (syn: berbang} dawn
(K/JJ); morning (JB3/JJ); 2) [adv.] early in the
morning, at dawn: •Sere sibe eme t’emam
dergne cerdg (Z-3) At dawn we will all go out
raiding, {also: sere sibehe (JB3); sersibe (GF); [ser-i
sebeh] ^(JJ)} [Z-2/K/lFb//JB3//JJ//GF]
ser£§ £ (-a;-£). headache (lit. & fig.): *Ew li
mala bav£ xwe ye, ne hay ji evina
mamoste Kevanot u ne ji hay ji serg§a
bavg xwe heye (Lab, 8) She is in her father's
house, and is aware neither of Professor Kevanot's
love [for her] nor of her father’s headache, [also:
[ser-eichi] ^ (JJ)} [F/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/Msr//JJ]
<e§>
serf cjj^/serf £ (). expense: -serf kirin
(IFb/OK)/serf kirin (HH/SK) to spend, expend
(money, effort): *Eger emr fermti, ba§ e,
hingi roKa xo de bo wg §ul£ serf kem (SK
54:591) If he permits, very well, then I shall put
my soul into the affair, {syn: mezaxtin}. [also:
[serf/saraf (G)] (JJ); cserf kirin qJ’ o j*> (serf
538
dike) («*5 j «J>*?)> (HH)} <Ar Vs-r-f <J= ’to spend’
[IFb/OK//JJ/HH/SK]
serferaz j) (SK) = honorable, eminent. See
serfiraz.
serferazi (SK) = honor, eminence. See
serfirazi.
serfermandar j) jjLjasja-. m. (-§; ). commander-in¬
chief: •serfermandar§ stola emerikani (RN)
the commander-in-chief of the American navy.
I(neol)RN/K/GF]
serfiraz j) adj. 1) {syn: serbilind) proud;
haughty: -serfiraz bdm = pleased to meet you; 2)
outstanding, honorable; prominent, eminent; 3)
[m./f.j vanquisher, conqueror, victor: -serfiraz
bfin = to triumph, {also: serefraz (K/IFb-2); serferaz
(SK); serfirz) {serfirazi; serefrazi)
[K//JB3/IFb/GF/TF//SK]
serfirazi f. ( ;-y&). 1) pride; haughtiness,
arrogance; 2) eminence, honor; 3) {syn: alt’indari)
triumph, victory; success, {also: serefrazi (K/IFb);
serferazi (SK)) [Ber/JB3/GF/TF//SK//K/IFb]
<serfiraz>
serfirz = proud; excellent; conqueror. See
serfiraz.
sergedan j) (EH) = poor, miserable. See
sergerdan.
serger (A/IF) = hilltop. See sergir I.
sergerdan adj . 1) disordered, deranged,
disheveled, in chaos; 2) poor; unhappy, unlucky;
miserable, wretched; 3) vagrant, wandering, stray.
{also: sergedan (EH); [ser-gherdan(e)] (JJ)1
[Z-1/K/XF/GF//JJ//EH]
sergerm ^aT,^ adj . frisky, unbridled (animals), {also:
[ser-gherm] (JJ)1 Cf. P sargarm - 'busy,
occupied’; Sor sergerm = ’keen, intent'
[Qzl/K/JJ/GF/TF] <^sernerm>
sergir I m. (). hilltop (BK/JJ); flat area at the
top of a hill (A/IF), {also: serger (A/IF); [ser-ghir]
(JJ)) [BK/JJ//A/IF] <semt>
sergin A-* f(B)/m.(Dz)/pL ( ;-e/ ). pressed dung
(used as fuel) ; dung, manure (K/IF); dung in the
form of bricks used for heating (JJ); dung dried and
ready for use as kindling fuel, as opposed to fix =
dung in its natural (moist) state (Msr); dung of small
domestic animals, such as goats and sheep
[=pi§kul] as opposed to k’erme = dung of large
domestic animals (Ag): •B'Qka mal§ rabil mal
_ S
gezikir, av anin, sergin anin (J) The bride of
the house got up, swept the house, brought water
and fuel (=dung); -t’ert§ sergin (Dz) pressed dung
cake/loaf: »Le p§ t’erte sergin be 5 r te
§ewitandin? (Dz) but does the sea get ignited
(=can the sea be set on fire) by pressed dung? {also:
[serghin] (JJ); <sergin> (HH)} {syn:
tepik; t’ert[ik]} [Pok sker-(d-) 974.] 'to defecate;
dung, excrement': Av sairya- = ’manure, dung' +
gu = 'feces’; Mid P sargon = do.; P saxgln -->
At sarqln - 'dung, esp. dried & kept for
firing’; Sor sewrfga] [Ifj _^a-* [Sinneh]; Hau sewro m.
= ’cow dung' (M4) [Dz/J/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF
/Ag/Msr] <axpin; azale; bi§kul/pi§kul ; g’ert; deve
II; guhur; k’erme; ke§kur; peyin; qelax; rix; sergo;
seklot; t’epik II; t’ertjik]; zibil; zirig>
sergo m. (-ye; ). dung heap: *Dik gti. ser
sergo (AB) The rooster went on top of the dung
heap •Gufi gu ji xwefa kevir anin, ji xwefa
xSnikeki li ber sergoy@ rex§ g§ kir (Z-4)
The mangie one went and took some stones, [and]
made himself a house in front of a heap of cow
manure, {also: sergu (IFb-2); sergu (TF); [ser-
gouwek] (JJ); <sergo>(HH)} {syn: axpin)
[Pok sker-(d-) 974.] ’to defecate; dung, excrement':
Av sairya- = ’manure, dung’ + gu = 'feces’; Mid P
sargon = do.; P sargin “> Ar sarqln
Sor sewr[ga] [Ifj ^ [Sinneh]; Hau sewroga m. =
’dunghill, midden' (M4) [AB/A/IFb/HH/GF/Msr
//TF//JJ] <gu; k’erme; pesari; sergin; t’epik II>
sergotar f (-a; ). lead article, headline (in a
newspaper , etc.): *Di sergotara v§ hejmar§ de
te diyarkirin ku ... (Wit 2:59, p.12) In the lead
article of this issue, it is made clear that...
[(neol)Wlt] <gotar>
sergovend j^a m. (). dance leader, {also:
sergovendi (B)} [K/A/IFb/GF//B] <govend>
sergovendi ^jJaSjT,a^ (B) = dance leader. See
••
sergovend.
sergu (IFb) = dung heap. See sergo.
sergu (TF) = dung heap. See sergo.
serhati f (-ya;-y§). 1) biography, life story,
memoir; 2) story, narrative: «Eve serhatya
Gsiv§ [N]evya (Ba3-3, #41) This is the story [or,
life story; or, adventure] of Joseph the prophet
•£axe wana pez ji qirbilne xilaz dikir
yan§ ji ji dest§ cerd§ derdixist H sax f i
539
s_
silamet vedigerande gund, serhatiyed
ba§qe-ba§qe ser wana ge dikirin (Ba2:l,
p.204) When they rescued the sheep from
destruction or snatched them from the clutches of
brigands and returned them safe and sound to the
village, they made up a variety of stories about
them; 3) adventure; 4) event, occurrence; accident.
( also: serpehati (TF); [ser-hati] (JJ)} Cf. Sor
serhat oIaj*-. [Ba3/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/OK//TF]
<g’ifok; dirok; jinenigari>
serhevda adv. all in all, in toto: # Zine ji
horiya bedewtir bH, ewqas bedew, ewqas
k’emal, serhevda husulcemal bu (Z-l) Zin
was more beautiful than the houris, so beautiful, so
perfect, all in all a ravishing beauty. [Z-l/K]
serhildan f. (-a;-e). rebellion, revolt,
insurrection: *Beri serhildana 91’an hemu
dezgehen gandi di bin dest§ rejima Baas
de bun (Wit 2:101, p.16) Before the 1991 revolt,
all cultural institutions were controlled by the
Baathist regime, [also: serihildan) { syn: sewr; §ore§}
<ser = ’head' + hildan = 'to raise, lift’, cf. T
ba§kaldirma [K] <berxwedan>
serhi§k JLUj-u, (A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK/RZ) =
stubborn. See serKi§k.
serhi§ki (GF/TF/OK) = stubbornness. See
serKi§ki.
serfii§k adj . stubborn, obstinate; headstrong,
defiant; thick-skulled, {also: serhi§k
(A/IFb/GF/TF/OK/RZ); <serhi§k> (HH))
(syn; serk’e§ I) (serhi§ki; serhi§kayi; serbi§ki|
[Hk/K/B//A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK/RZ]
serhi§ki J <\*u £ .( ;-yS)- stubbornness, obstinacy;
defiance; being thick-skulled, {also: serhi§ki
(GF/TF/OK); serhi§kayi (B-2)) [syn: rik’; serk’e§!}
[K/B//GF/TF/OK] <serhi§k>
serhi§kayi (B) = stubbornness. See serhi§ki.
• •
seridin vi. (-serid-). to set (bot.), to
develop, to grow ears (corn) : •Genim serid!
(AB) The wheat has set/grown, {also: seridan
(A/IF)} [AB/K/GF/TF//A/IFb]
serik m.(Rnh)/f.(K/B) (-§/ ; /-e). 1) tip, end,
point; 2) bowl (of a pipe): *Dema Xaneyg bi
teqina tifing ft vizina berik§ ra firina
serikg qelftna xwe dit, b§ ko bitertile an
di xwe bi derxe, herweki tu ti§t ne bft be,
rabft ser xwe ft gft serikeke din an! (Rnh
2:17, p.309) When Khaneh [a woman] saw the
bowl of her pipe fly off with the explosion of a rifle
and the buzzing of a bullet, without faltering or
losing composure, as if nothing had happened, she
got up and went to bring another bowl, {also:
[serik] (JJ)} ser + -ik = dim. suffix
[Rnh/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <qelun>
ser! m. ( ; seri). 1) head: -hatin/gftn ser! (K)
V •
to be completed or finished; to be carried out, to
come to pass: »Neta wan ne hate seri (K) Their
desire didn’t come to pass; 2) ear (of grain) (IFb).
{also: ser I; <seri> (HH)} [Z-l/BK/K/A/IFb/
B/HH/GF] See also ser I.
seridan (A/IFb) = to set (bot.), grow ears (corn).
See seridin.
serihildan = revolt. See serhildan.
serje* kirin jj^ vt. (serj§-k-). 1) to behead, to
chop s.o.'s head off, decapitate: •Hakim w§ ser§
min j§bik§! (L) The king will cut off my head!;
2) to slaughter (cattle) (B). {also: §erjekirin; [ser ji-
kirin] ^ (JJ)} < ser = ’head’ + je = ’from it' +
kirin = 'to do, to make’ [L/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ]
<ku§tin>
serjinik adj. effeminate (of a man) (Bw/A);
henpecked (A/IFb): »Ew merik ye serjink e
(Bw) That man is effeminate. [Bw/A/IFb]
serk’ar m. Q. 1) {syn: mezin [4]; revebir;
serek; serok; serwer) director, manager, person in
charge; leader, head, chief (B); chairman, chief (of
an office)—{but not a government leader); 2)
supervisor, overseer, j also: <serkar> jl5^ (HH)} Cf.
P serkar = 'chief, superintendent, supervisor,
overseer’; Sor serkar jiSb^ = ’superintendent’
(serk’ar[t]i) [F/K/IFb/B/HH/Zebj
serk’ari £ (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: serweri}
• •
leadership, guidance, direction: *M!r Zeynedin
donzde hezar esker bi serkariya
Qeretajd!n di§ine §er (K-d§) Prince Zeynedin
sends 12,000 soldiers to war under the leadership
of Qeretajdin; 2) supervision, overseeing, {also:
serk’arti (K-2/B-2)} [K-d§/K/B] <serk’ar>
serk’arti (K/B) = leadership; supervision. See
serk’ari.
serk’eftin (Bw/Dh/Zeb/OK/RZ) = to succeed;
to win. See ser«k’etin.
ser*k’etin vi. (ser-k’ev-). l)[syn: hilk’i§in}
to mount, ascend, climb (SK/K); 2) to succeed; 3)
540
s
to win, be victorious, beat; 4) [/ ().] success; 5)
victory, {also: bi ser k’etin (OK); serk’eftin
(Bw/Dh/Zeb/OK-2/RZ); serk’evtin (OK-2);
serkewtin (SK)) Sor serkewtin ^aS^a-,
[Bw/Dh/Zeb/RZ//K/IFb/GF/TF/OK//SK]
serk’evtin ^'aSO*- (OK) = to succeed; to win. See
ser*k’etin.
serkewtin ^aS^a^ (SK) = to succeed; to win. See
ser*k’etin.
serk’e§ I a-, adj. obstinate, stubborn, headstrong;
restive, disobedient, refractory, unruiy: • [tj
xwecihi ji dibSjin ku her gi zarok£d ku ji
jined Ekradan biwelidin be edeb u diz u
serke§ dibin] (BN, p. 100) And the locals say
that whatever children are born of Kurdish women
are rude and thieving and obstinate, j also: [ser-
kich] (JJ)) { syn: serhi§k) Cf. P sarkas
= 'restive, refractory, mutinous, arrogant';
Sor serke§ = 'obstinate, headstrong’
(serk’e§i) [BN/K(s)/A/IFb/GF/TF//JJ]
serk’@§i f. (). obstinacy, stubbornness;
» ■
disobedience, unruliness, {also: [ser-kechi] ^
(JJ)) {syn: rik’; sertii§ki) Cf. P sarkas! =
• •
'restiveness, mutinousness, arrogance'; Sor serke§!
= 'obstinacy, rebellion' [K(s)/GF/TF//JJ]
<serk’e§>
serkil JT,a« (A/IFb/GF/FJ) = donkey dung. See serkul.
serkul J^Oa-, m. (). donkey dung. {a7so:kersil (Bw);
serkil (A/IFb/GF-2/FJ-2); [kersil] 0 L^T(JJ)| {syn:
*kospil (Elk); seklot (Msr)) =Sor qersequl
Jy^jAi/tersequl JjSa^jAj |Qrj/GF/FJ//A/IFb//Bw/J)l
serledan (A) = [to] visit. See seradan.
serma Lja~ f. (-ya;-ye/serma£ [B]/serme [B]).
cold (n.), the cold weather: «Runi§t li germa,
rabti. li serma (Dz-#1377) He sat around when it
was warm, he got up when it got cold [prv.]\
-•serma kirin (Ag) to be cold (of persons):
•Serma dikim (Ag) Pm cold; -sur h serma (EP-
7) do. {also: [serma] (JJ)) {syn: sari I; sur I) Cf. P
sarma [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/TF/Ag] <qefilin;
qerimin; qir I; sar; simirin; sur I; zivistan>
sermayedar jIjajLja-, m. Q. capitalist, bourgeois.
( also: sermiyandar; sermiyandar (DZK))
[DZK//K/IFb/GF]
sermest adj. drunk, inebriated, intoxicated.
{ also: sermeste) {syn: serxwe§) Cf. P sarmast o—
(sermest!) [Z-l/K/IF]
sermeste a^a^ja-, = drunk, inebriated. See sermest.
sermesti L5 ^a^ j a^ f. Q. drunkenness, inebriation,
intoxication, {syn: serxwe§i) [K] <sermest>
sermijane a(GF/H ej/Zeb) = pole connecting
plow beam to yoke. See sermijank.
sermijank Jb £ (). pole or shaft connecting
plow beam to the yoke, {also: sermijane (GF/Zeb);
<sermijane> aP (Hej))
[Bw/AA/OK//GF/Hej/Zeb] <mijane; nir I>
sermiyan jL^A~ m. (-e; ). lord, master, head (of a
household): -sermiyand mal£ (IFb) head of
household: *Le anuha dewsa sermiyan§
male girtiye u bi kevnepira diya xwe ve
di bine maxen xaniyeki de dijin (Ardu,
p.114) But he is the master of the house now, and
lives under one roof with his old mother
•semyane mala babe min (Zeb/Dh) the master
of my father’s house, {also: semyan I (Zeb/Dh);
sermiyan (K)) {syn: malxwe; xwedi).
[Zeb/Dh//Ardu/A/IFb/GF//K]
sermiyandar = capitalist. See sermayedar.
sermiyan jL^jA~ (K) = master. See sermiyan.
sermiyandar (DZK) = capitalist. See
sermayedar.
sernerm pjAjA~ adj. docile, quiet (animals), [also:
[ser-nerm] (JJ)) Sor sernerm ^ a3j<u = 'quiet
(esp. horse)' [Qzl/K/A/JJ/GF/TF] <kedi; ^sergerm>
sernivis f (). headline (in newspaper); title.
{also: sernivisar I [2]) [(neol)K/IFb/B/(GF)/OK]
<sergotar>
sernivisar I j«u f. (). 1) lead article (in
newspaper)-, 2) headline. See sernivis.
[(neol)K/IFb/B/OK] <sergotar>
sernivisar II jL-Ju(Hej) = editor-in-chief. See
sernivisk’ar.
serniviser ja~Jd(OK) = editor-in-chief. See
sernivisk’ar.
sernivisk’ar m.&f. Q. editor-in-chief, chief
editor; chief writer, {also: sernivisar II (Hej);
serniviser (OK); sernivisyar (GF)) Sor sereknuser
ja^Joja-. (Hej) [(neol)IFb//Hej//OK//GF]
<nivisk’ar>
sernivisyar (GF) = editor-in-chief. See
sernivisk’ar.
ser-o-gaw jL. J J (SK) = face. See serg’av [l].
serok JjjA-, m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: serek; serk’ar; serwer)
leader, head, chief: •Div@ serok@n ku ji alt
541
s
gel ve t§ne hilbijartin, bi hemu
pirsgir§k§n gel ve tekildar bibin (Wit 1:49,
p.16) Leaders who are elected by the people
should be involved in all of the problems of the
people; 2) { syn: sedir) president. Sor serok =
'chieftain, headman, leader, chief (EM)
[Wlt/K(s)/IFb/GF] crnezin [4]; revebir>
serp’e (K/B) = sheep trotters. See ser fi p’£.
99
serpehati (TF) = adventure; story. See
serhati.
serpi§ik adj. favored, first: *Pirsa a§tiye
armanca serpi§k e (Zeb) The issue of peace is
the first priority [lit. 'first goal'], {also: serpi§k (OK);
<serpi§k> J(Hej)) [Zeb/OK/Hej]
serpi§k (OK) = favored, first. See serpi§ik.
serqot o]3j<u adj. bareheaded, with head uncovered,
not wearing a hat [cf. Ar fas‘an clq
w
Palestinian Ar mfarri‘ {also: [ser-qot]
(JJ)} [K/A/IF/B/JJ/GF/TF/BK/Mzg]
serrast j J A*v adj. honest, trustworthy: -serrast
btin (Bw) to be over (of a pregnancy, either by the
mother’s successfully giving birth or by her
miscarrying or aborting the foetus), to no longer be
pregnant (of a woman); -serrast kirin
(K/IFb/B/RZ) to correct {syn: c edilandin [3]). {also:
serast (IFb-2)) Sor serrast
[Bw/K/IFb/B/GF/OK/RZ/AId]
sersal f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: salveger)
anniversary: *Sersala te piroz be (AB) happy
anniversary / happy birthday [lit. 'may your
anniversary be blessed']; 2) {syn: cejna zayine (IF)]
birthday; 3) New Year's day (IFb/TF/GF); 4) food
donation given as alms on the first anniversary of
s.o.'s death (HH). {also: sersali (K); [ser-sal]
(JJ); <sersal> JUo~ (HH)) [AB/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/
TF//HH//K]
sersali (K) = anniversary; birthday. See sersal.
**
sersar adj . insensitive; empty-headed, dull,
obtuse; slow-witted: # Tu zilameki p’ir sersar i
(Msr) You are a very insensitive [thick-skulled]
person, {also: sersax (B)) (sersari; sersaxi)
[Msr/K/GF//B] <p’arsu-qalim>
sersar! ^jLj^ f. ( ;-y£). insensitivity; empty-
headedness, dullness, obtuseness; slow-wittedness.
{also: sersaxi (B)} [Msr/GF//B] <sersar>
sersax^L,*-* (B) = insensitive; slow-witted. See sersar.
sersaxi (B) = insensitivity; slow-wittedness. See
sersari.
sersibe J A** (GF) = dawn. See ser£ sib§.
ser§o f. (-a;-e). 1) [also: [ser-chou] (JJ))
female bath attendant (JJ/JBl-A): *Ser§oa min ji
cariya mine (EH) My bath attendant is also my
maidservant; 2) [also: ser§ok (A/IFb/K-2); <ser§u>
(HH)} bath, bathing room (HH/K/A/IF);
bathroom, toilet (IFb); 3) washing of the head
(K/B). < ser = 'head' + §o- = 'wash' See JBl, note
#20, p. 198. [EH/K/B/JBl-A//A/IFb//JJ/HH]
<delak>
ser§ok (A/IFb/K) = bath. See ser§o [2].
serta§ jibjuu, m. (). barber; hairdresser, [also:
sert’era§ (K); sertira§ (GF); [ser-trasc]
{syn: berber I; delak) < ser = 'head' + P/T tra§ =
’shave’; Cf. P sartaras - ’barber’
[K(s)/IFb//K//JJ-G/GF] <kur IV>
sert’era§ j AJ j A-4^ (K) = barber. See serta§.
sertira§ (GF/JJ-G) = barber. See serta§.
serug’av (JB3/JB1-S) = face. See serg’av [1].
ser u p’e [GF]/serup’e [A/IFb/TF]
•• ••
pl./f.(B) sheep trotters [lit. 'head and feet'] prepared
as a dish, {also: serp’e (K/B)) {syn; k’elle page)
[Bw/GF//A/IFb/TF//K/B]
servan (GF) = camelherd. See serwan.
serwan ni. ()• camelherd; animal herder:
•Serwaneki §exe Ereba e deva ji heye (L)
The Arab sheikh also has a camelherd. {also:
salwan (GF-2); servan (GF)) {syn: hestirvan)
[L/K(s)//GF] crevogi; §ivan>
serwer jojj*-* m. (). 1) {syn; mezin [4]; revebir; serek;
serok; serk’ar [1]) leader, head, chief, commander,
person in charge, authority figure; tribal chief[tain]
(HH): *Serweren kovara kurdi “Roja Nu”
(Cxn-5 [Kurdoev’s intro]) The heads of the Kurdish
journal Roja Nu [=new day]; 2) owner, master,
lord: -serwere mal@ (B) master of the house;
landlord, {also: serwer (B); [servir] (JJ);
<serwer> (HH)) P sarvar u Sor serwer
= 'lord, master’ (serweri; serwer[t]i)
[F/K/IFb/HH/GF/TF//B//JJ]
serweri f. (). 1) {syn; serk’ari [1]) leadership,
command, direction, guidance: -serweri kirin
(K) to govern, lead: *...Ew serweri li §eher§
Cizira botan bi temi fi. wesyet§d giregir@d
xwe dike (K-d§) He governs of the city of Jezira
542
bohtan by the orders of his nobles; 2) hegemony,
sovereignty, dominance; 3) thrift, economy, good
housekeeping (B). {also: serweri (B); serwerti (B)}
[K-d§/K/IFb/GF/TF//B] <serwer>
serwext adj. 1) {syn: aqil I; jir) intelligent,
bright; clever, sharp, quick[-witted], smart: «Kuro,
serwexte min k’ane?/ (Ba3-3, #20) Boys,
where is my genius?; 2) aware (of a situation),
updated, informed, having noticed or realized stg .:
•Careke gundiyek dige li maleke dibe
m§van, Kebaniya mal§ je re §orbe tine
datine ber, le kevgi ji bir ve dike. Mevan
dinihere ku kebani serwext nabe (LM, p.7)
Once a villager is a guest at a house. The lady of
the house brings him soup and sets it down before
him, but she forgets [to bring] a spoon. The guest
sees that the lady of the house doesn't notice {or
realize], {also: [ser-veqt] (JJ)) (serwexti)
[Ba3/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ]
serwexti J Am f. ( ;-ye). intelligence, brightness;
• •
cleverness, sharpness. [B] <serwext>
serwer (B) = leader; master. See serwer.
serweri (B) = leadership. See serweri.
»•
serwerti (B) = leadership. See serweri.
••
serxo§ (jiys-ja-s, (IFb/]J/SK) = drunk, inebriated. See
serxwe§.
serxwe adj. independent: -serxwe bftn = to
be or become independent; -serxwe rabftn
(IFb/GF) to revolt, (syn: serxwebuyi; xweser)
[K/IFb/GF/TF]
serxwebftn q&jo f. (-a; ). independence: # Li
diji t§ko§er6n serxwebftna Kurdistan§
§ereki gemari dime§ine (Wit 1:36, p.l) It is
carrying out a dirty war against those fighting for
the independence of Kurdistan. { also: serxwebuni
(IFb-2)l j syn: serbixweyi; xwexweti) [K/IFb/GF/TF]
serxwebuni (IFb) = independence. See
♦ »
serxwebftn.
serxwebftyi adj. independent: *Me
Kurdistanek yekbftyi, serxwebuyi ft
demokratik div@ (Ber) We need a united,
independent, and democratic Kurdistan, {syn:
serxwe) [Ber]
serxweda ) j Am l -serxweda hatin: = a) to come
to one's senses, regain consciousness; b) to get well,
recover, recuperate. [EP-7/K]
_S
serxwe§ (Jioy^j^ adj. 1) [syn: sermest} drunk, tipsy,
inebriated, intoxicated: -serxwe§ bftn (B) to get
drunk; -serxwe§ kirin (B) to make drunk,
inebriate; 2) merry, free of restraint, unrestrained.
{also: serxo§ (IFb-2/SK); [servos] (JJ);
<serxuwe§> (HH)) Cf. P sarxOs --> T
sarho§ - 'drunk'; Hau serwe§ (M4) [serxo§i;
serxwegi; serx[w]e§ti) [Z-i/K/A/jB3/lFb/B/GF/TF//
JJ/SK//HH)
serxwe§i ^oy^j^ f. (). 1) drunkenness, inebriation,
■ m
intoxication; 2) (syn: behi; taziye [1]) condolence,
comforting (upon s.o.’s death) (Cf. T bagsagligi)
(Wlt/JFb). {also: serxo§i (SK); serx[w]e§ti (A)} {syn:
sermesti) [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//A//SK] <serxwe§>
serx[w]e§ti (A) = drunkenness, inebriation.
• •
See serxwe§i.
sese - three. See se & sise.
setrenc y«u* m. (). chess, {also: satranc (IFb-2);
satrang (A); satrinc; §etrenc (GF); [setrendj] gJo*
(JJ); <sitrinc> g (HH)) {syn: k’i§ik [1]; §axmat, f.
(F)) <Skt catur anga = 'comprising four parts [of the
army], viz. elephants, chariots, cavalry & infantry’:
Ar/P satranj/sitranj ^hi; Sor setrinc y <w/§etrinc
^y<a [K/IFb/JJ//A//HH//GF]
seva ls*u, (Z-l) = for. See seba.
sevev (B) = reason. See sebeb.
sevi Jia* (A/GF/Zeb)/sevi ^ (HH) = basket. See
■■ ••
sewi.
sewa I -sewa ... sewa conj. whether ... or:
•Sewa xatire Osib sewa bedewya wt (Ba)
Whether because of Joseph or his beauty. Cf. Ar
sawa [Ba]
sewa II Am = for. See seba.
sewal I m. (-§; ). domestic animals such as
sheep and goats; livestock: ‘Erne kehniya
mezin, bexge ft bistang gund Eemft, av
dide; heft a[§]a digefene, ft sewale gund u
xeriba Kemft j§ divexun (HR-I, 2:51) But the
big spring provides water for the gardens and plots
of the entire village; it turns seven mills, and all the
livestock, both of the village and of strangers,
drink from it. [Frq/Msr/GF/TF/HR-I] <dewar;
Fieywan; pez>
sewal II Jb*-* (EP-8) = question. See sual.
sewali f. (K) = question. See sual.
• •
sewar (SK) = cracked wheat germ. See savar.
543
s
sewax f. ( ;-e). plaster: -sewax
kirin(Wlt/JJ)/sewax kirin (B)/siwax kirin (K)
[+bi] to coat, daub, plaster (with): *Li
Kurdistane, qelaxan ji kerme, sergin u
pesariyan gedikin h bi rgxg sewax dikin
ku bi wg rgxg ji berf ft barang bete
parastin (Wit 1:37, p.13) In Kurdistan, they make
piles of pressed dung patties from [various types of
dried manure], then coat them with moist dung so
that they will be protected from rain and snow.
[also: sewax (B); siwax (OK/B- 2 ); siwax (F/K);
suwax (IFb); [savakh/suwakh (Rh)] (]J)1 [syn:
gee) <T siva —> clq Ar suwah^-U^ = 'plaster'. For
another example of a Turkish word in -a which
becomes -ax/-ax in Kurdish, See boyax.
[Wlt//JJ//B//OK//F/K//IFb]
sewax (B) = plaster. See sewax.
sewda I m. (). 1 ) passion, passionate love;
melancholy (JJ) [seuda}; 2 ) {syzuaqil; hi§} sense,
(capacity for) reason: *Zelixe bftbft ma§oqa
Osib, sewda le nemabft, hi§ le gftbft (Bz)
Zalikha fell in love with Joseph, her sense left her
[lit. 'sense did not remain for her, reason went from
her'] •Malxirav, aqil, sewda serida t’unine
(Z-l) You wretch, there's no sense or reason in
your head, (also: [seouda/seuda] (JJ)) < Ar
sawda’ = 'black (f.); black bile, melancholy'
—> T sevda = 'passion, melancholy'
[Ba/K/IFb/GF//JJ]
sewik /sewik 5 f.(Bw)/m.(Zeb/Dh) (-a/-g
;~g/). type of home-made bread (flat, round, thick,
often with sesame seeds) (Zeb/Dh); type of cake
called in Turkish ’kavut’ (=dish made of roasted
wheat ground with dried wild pears) (JJ):
-sewk’et heka (JBl-A) omelettes {syn: hekerun).
{also: [seviq] (JJ)} [IFb/JB 1 -A//JJ] <kilor;
kulog’>
sewir J3 <^ (K) = revolution. See sewr.
sewi f. (). 1 ) basket for grapes ; 2 ) large water
jug (IFb). See sewil. {also: sevi (A/GF/Zeb); [sevi]
(S^ (JJ); <sevi> L5 *u> (HH)) Cf. Sor sewi =
• •
'pannier, large wicker basket'
[IFb/JJ/SK//A/GF/Zeb//HH] <’edil; mekev; sebet;
tiri; zembil>
sewil m. (-g; ). earthenware water jug: *Sofik
hebft: sewile xwe bir ft gft serg kaniyg, da
ko destmgj bigirg (Rnh 3:22, p.426) There was
a sufi: He took his clay jug to the spring, to wash
his hands [=to do his ritual ablutions], {also: sewi
[ 2 ] (IFb- 2 ); sewilk (GF- 2 ); [sevil J^/saoul
JW (JJ); <sewil> (HH)}
[Rnh/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <cer; hincan; lin>
sewilk (GF) = earthenware jug. See sewil.
sewr f (-a; ). uprising, insurrection; revolution:
-Sewra Azadi (Cxn- 2 ) Freedom revolution (title
of Cigerxwin’s second collection of poems
[diwan]). {also: sewir (K); sewre] {syn: serhildan;
§ore§] <Ar tawrah ^ = 'revolt, riot' [Cxn-2/IFb//K]
sewre o J3 < u* = revolution. See sewr.
sewt fJm.(B) (-a/e;-e/). 1) {syn: deng} voice:
•qirina sewta a§iq (Z-l) the shouting of the
singer's voice; 2) sound (B): -sewt dayin (B) to
sound, make a sound; 3) cry, shout (B): -sewtg
qulinga (B) cries of the cranes. < Ar sawt 03 -y? =
Voice' [Ad/Z-l/K/B]
sexber m.&f. (). caretaker; monitor: -sexbera
fk-f kirin (JBl-A) to take care of: *Gelek ji
xelki ji ber tengiya hizr ft biret xo wesa
hizir diken ku jine gi role xo nine di
avakirina civake da ft ev role biting y§
zelami ye gunk! rolg jing girgdiden bi
garguve sexber kirina male ft
perwerdekirina zaroka (R 15 [4/12/96] p.5)
Because of narrowmindedness, many people think
that women have no role in building society, and
that that role belongs solely to men, because they
tie the women's role to taking care of the house and
raising the children *Min gu jin neven ... bes,
lazim bo te eke bin! da sexbgra me ji
biket (JBl-A, #136) I don't want a wife ... but you
should find one for you, so that she can care for us
as well, {also: sexbir (OK); <sexbir> (Hej)}
<NENA [m]sakhbir = ’to visit, go and see' &
sakhbur = 'careful (adj.)\ care, attention (n.J, cf.
khabir = ’to find out, discover' (Maclean) < Arc s +
Vh-b-r [sexber!) [Zeb/Dh/JBl-A/OK//Hej]
sexberi f. ( ;-yg). care; supervision, {also:
sexbiri (OK- 2 /RZ); sexbir! (GF)}
[Dh/Zeb/Elk/OK//RZ//GF} <miqati; sexber; t 5 imar>
sexbir (OK/Hej) = caretaker; monitor. See
sexbgr.
sexbir! (OK/RZ) = care; supervision. See
sexbgri.
sexti (Erg) = checking, examination. See saxti.
544
sexbiri (GF) = care; supervision. See sexberi.
seyandin vt. (-seyin-). l) [syn: dutin) to
coat, daub, plaster, smear (with plaster , clay, mud,
etc.) : •Kegelok emri ser xulama kir, deve
gel gewal§ qir vekirin, li kaniya ave
xistin ft p§ seyandin (L) Kechelok [=Bald boy]
gave the servants the order, [and] they opened the
forty sacks of tar, poured them into the springs of
water, and coated them with it (=the tar); 2) to
close up, block, cork up. [also: cseyandin
) (HH)} <Ar sayya‘ II ^ = ’to
plaster (wall) with mud and straw'
[L/K(s)/A/IFb/GF//HH] <sewax>
seyaseti (-ya; ) (B) = politics. See siyaset.
• *
seyd A_» f./m.(K) (-a/ ; ). hunting: -seyda teyra
(L) bird hunting, [also: [sed] .w> (JJ) = 'hunting dog’l
[syn: neg’ir; rav I; §ikar) < Ar sayd .w> [L/K/IFb]
seyda u* m. (-ye; ). teacher, professor; religious
teacher: •fidi seydaye min ji bave min re
got: "Gerek ev gede here cihe din li
medresa bixwine” (Wit 2:66, p.2) finally my
teacher said to my father, “This child should go
somewhere else and study in the [big] schools."
[also: [seid j^~/seida ) j^] (JJ); <seyda> (HH))
w
<Ar sayyid = 'master, lord, mister, title for
descendants of the Prophet Muhammad'
[Wlt/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK] <dersdar; feqi;
mamosta>
seydevan jUo (K) = hunter. See seydvan.
seydvan in. (). hunter, [also: seiyed (F);
seydevan (K); seyyid (K-2); [se’id-var] (JJ)}
w
[syn: neg’irvan; §ikargi) Cf. Ar sayyad
[IFb//F//K//JJ] <seyd>
seyis (GF) = horse groomer. See seyis I.
seyis I in. (-§; ). (horse) groom, stableman.
[also: seyis (GF); seys (EP-7); [seis] (JJ)) [syn:
revogi) < Ar sa’is cf. also Heb sus DIO & NA
suse (Garbell); sisyo (TurOyo: Ritter) = 'horse'
[EP-7/JJ//GF//K] <revo; stewl; t’ewle>
seyis II (Zeb) = three-year-old male goat. See
s a y is.
seyran £ (-a;-@). 1 ) [syn: seyrange) walk,
stroll, promenade: *Ew derk’etne seyrane (B)
They went for a walk; 2 ) picnic, outing; »ji
seyrana TojS westiyayi (Z-l) tired from the
day's outing, [also: "sahrane”; [serian/s6iran]
(JJ); <seyran> (HH)) Cf. T seyran & clq Syrian
_S
Ar ser an = 'picnic, outing’ < Ar sar jL (l) =
'to set out (on a trip)' [Z-l/K/A/lFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
seyrang*e aCI^a- / ( ;•£). 1) place for taking a
walk; 2 ) [syn: seyran) walk, stroll, promenade:
-seyrange kirin = to take a walk, stroll, [also:
seyrangeh (IFb); [seiran-gah] (JJ)}
[EP-7/K/B//IFb/GF//JJ] <seyran>
seyrangeh (IFb) = place for strolling; stroll,
walk. See seyrange.
seys ^ a-, (EP-7) = horse groomer. See seyis I.
seyyid (K) = hunter. See seydvan.
se I ^ num. three, 3: ,"sise" is used independently
(free form), while "se" is immediately followed by a
dependent noun (bound form), Cf. didu vs. du I [in
Bw, se alone is used both as free form and as
bound form). I also: sese; sise (BX-2/K-2); ses§ (A);
[si] ^ (JJ); <se C 5 -^/sis[s]e (jr ~> (HH)) [Pok trei-
1090.] ’three': Skt trayah m./trifni] n./tisrah t; O Ir
*9rayah; Av 0rayo/9rayas m./ 0 ri n./tisro f.\ Mid P
se (M3); P se Sor se Za hire (Todd); Gurani
••
yare (M4); cf. also Lat tres (m. & £)/tria (m); Gr treis
tpeig [m. & /.)/tria tpicx (n.); Rus tri TpH; Germ drei
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF/TF//A//JJ] <didu; du
I; seki; sezdeh; sise; si II>
se II = shade, shadow. See si I.
se III (JBl-A) = third. See sisiya.
seani (K) = third. See sisiya.
• • _
sebahi (Wn) = swimming. See sobahi.
• •
sebani (Qzl) = swimming. See sobahi.
• • _
seber f. (-a;-e). shade, shadow: •Ez dareka
mazinim: havine wexte germe mirovek de
hetin li reke, de hete bin sSbera min, d§
rft net (M-Ak, #548) I am a big tree: in summer
when it is hot a man will come along the road, he
will come under my shade and sit down •XelkS
we dirk§ hemi dijin di kepra ve. [Di]gine
giyay, ti§teki tinin—dibene guli—dihavgne
ser kepra, dibite siber ft gelek xo§ dibin
(M-Am #721, p.332) The people there all live in
bough shelters. They go to the mountains and
hring something called 'chuli' [young, leafy
branches of oak] and put them on top of the
shelters and it makes a shade and they are very
pleasant, [also: siber (K/GF/JBl-A/M-Am); [sib^ri]
(JJ)) [syn: si I) Cf. Sor seber ja^I~
[M-Ak/SK/OK//K/GF/JBl-A/M-Am//JJ]
545
s_
s6dar«e oj IaX /. ( ;•§). gallows: «Min il s§peke
jivan e/Min ft s§dar6 jivan e (from poem by
Muayyid Tayyib of Dihok) I have a rendezvous
with the gallows, /1 have a rendezvous with the
gibbet, {syn: daraxag; sep’i) Sor sedare oJ aX
[Bw/A/GF/OK]
see £X (M-Am&Bar&Shn) = third. See sisiya.
••
s6fll JxX adj. 1) [syn: belengaz; bikul; malxerab;
reben I; §erpeze) miserable, wretched: -sefil ft
sergedan [sic] (EH) do.; 2) (syn: feqir; xizan]
poor, [also: sefil (JB3/IFb); [sefil] Jx~ (JJ)) < Ar safll
Jx* (sefili; sefil!) [K/B/GF//JB3/IFb/JJ]
sefil! iX f. (). 1) misery: •£! ji bona wan
hilqeysS teb 11 sefili min dit (L) [After] I
experienced [lit. 'saw'] so much torment and
misery for their sake; 2) {syn: feqiri; xizani)
poverty; 3) powerlessness, [also: sefili (JB3)) < Ar
saftl Jx~ [L/K/A/JB3] <sefil>
segeh aa£X (A/IFb) = pitchfork. See s§guh I.
sego§ ^jjX (OK) = triangle. See s£guh II.
sego§e XjjX (F/K/B/GF) = triangle. See seguh II.
seguh I m. ()■ three-tonged pitchfork, {also:
segeh (A/IFb); seguli (TF); <seguh> aC-* (HH)[
[B w/HH/GF/OK//A/IFb//TF]
seguh II aJx f. (). 1) triangle; 2) [adj.] triangular.
[also: sego§ (OK-2); sego§e (F/K/B/GF-2); segu§e
(OK-2)) <se = three + guh = ear' or go§e = 'corner'.
For another example of ears being equated with
triangles, compare the triangular pastry made by
Jews on Purim, called in Heb ozne haman
1DH ‘’DTK =’the ears of Haman (the villain)'
[IFb/GF/OK//F/K/B]
seguli ^J^ X (TF) = pitchfork. See seguh I.
* * ^
segu§e XjJX (OK) = triangle. See s§guh II.
sehem p.A$x (IFb) = third. See sisiya.
sehemin ^oa^x (IFb) = third. See sisiya.
sehil J^X (Bw) = metal disk for baking bread. See sel.
sek dx (IFb) = vinegar. See sihik I.
s8ki C5 £x f. (-ya; ). a third, 1/3: •Sekiya gunde
xo min firot (AR, 287) I sold a third of my
village, {also: seyek (K/IFb/GF/BK/CT); siseyek
(BX); cf. [ji siian iek] «sL jL-J (JJ)) Sor se-yek
/ J-uX [Zeb/AR//K/IFb/GF/BK/CT//BX]
s@klot ojJ£X m. (-§; ). donkey dung: -s£klot§
k’era (Msr) do. {syn: serkul) [Msr] <peyin; rix;
sergin; t’epik II>
sel Jx f. (-a;-e). large convex (bowl-shaped) metal
disk upon which bread is baked, and in which
meat (K) or kernels of grain (B) are roasted {=Jewish
NENA of Zx: doqa): •Jinik radibe kug’ke xwe
dadide, ser s§l§ qeynok§ xwe diqeline
(Dz-anec # 12 ) The woman lights her stove, roasts
her qeynok on the convex disk [sel]. [also: sehil
(Bw- 2 ); [seil] (JJ); <sel> (HH)) JJ's etymology
"formed from Ar saj with the help of the suffix
- 1 , before which the -j has been suppressed" is
unlikely. Cf. Sor sele aIx = 'flat stone used as
griddle’ [Bw/Zx/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<nan; tirok; xanik>
s&lav JtyX f. ( 1 ) {syn: §ip) torrent, stream; 2 )
(syn: lemi§t; t[’]ofan) flood, inundation, [also: [seil-
aw] JV (JJ)) <Ar sayl J~* = ’flood' + av = 'water';
cf. P seylab [F/K/B/JJ/GF] <avrabun; lehi;
§irav; §ip>
selim Jx, f. (Erh/IFb/HH/TF) = ladder. See silim.
semir ^X m. Q. 1 ) simurgh, fabulous bird in Persian
and Kurdish (i.e., Iranian) folklore: -teyr§ s6mir
(L-2) do. {also: teyre simir (K/B)); 2 ) large bird
whose flesh is not eaten (IFb/HH) [simir]; eagle (B);
red vulture, zool. Gypus vulvus [T kizil akbaba]
(IFb) [simerx]. {also: simerx (IFb-2); simir
(IFb/GF/TF); simir (K/B); [simer] (JJ); <simir>
(HH)) Cf. P slmory Sor simurx
^^/simirx [L//K/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
<miri§k>
s£ni ^yX f. (-ya;-y@). 1 ) [syn: lengeri) tray, platter
9 9
(K/A); large tray (IF); tray on which to put plates
(JJ); round copper pan in which food is served (B):
9
•Qaweke ji mire xwera bik’elino / Tu
texe du heb fincane ferfftri ft dayne ser
seniya zerino (Z- 2 ) Boil coffee for your emir /
pour it into two china cups and put them on a
golden tray; 2) dish, plate (K/GF). [also: sini (B);
sini (IFb- 2 ); [sini] (JJ)) Cf. Ar slnlyah Xc =
'tray with high lip in which food is cooked’ < Ar
sini = 'Chinese porcelain'; Sor sini =
'tray'; Hau sini m. (M4) [Z-2/K(s)/A/IFb/jj/SK/
GF/TF//B] <berke§; lengeri; tiryan>
senik dXX /. (). plate, dish; small platter: # Her ek
kire d[i] senik’ek§ [sic] ferfftrida dane d[i]
mecma c £da, bir dane ser m§zey mabeyna
her duk’a (JBl-A #78) He put each one on a
porcelain plate which he put on a tray, and he put
546
s
them on the table between the two of them, {also:
sihnik (Bw); [sehni l j ^>!sini ur ^] (JJ)} <Ar sahn
= 'plate'; cf. Sor sini = 'tray' [Bw//jbi-a/
OK/RZ//JJ] <aman; firaq>
senzdeh (B) = thirteen. See sezdeh.
sepe (IFb/HH/TF/OK) = tripod; gallows. See
sep’i.
s£p 5 i f- (-ya;-y§). 1 ) {syn: dustan; kug’ik II[ 2 ]}
trivet, tripod (on a which a pot is placed while
cooking [<sepe> (HH)]; on which a yoghurt
churn is placed [<sepik> (HH)]); 2 ) {syn:
daraxag; sedare} gallows: *Disa §£x, avetibhn
kindire sepe da (Ah) Once again they hanged
[lit. 'threw'] the sheikh on the gallows rope, {also:
sepe (IFb- 2 /TF/OK); [si-pei] (JJ); <sepe
^j^/sepik (HH)) P seh'pa byu, = 'three-
legged' & seh'paye <Xj b — 'tripod, trivot’—> T
sehpa = 'tripod; coffee table; easel; gallows'; Sor
sepa Ll~/sepe = 'tripod'
[Ah/HH/TF/OK//K/ A/IFb/B//JJ]
s£r I f. { ;-e). magic, sorcery; magic trick (B):
• Ewi isme sere li xwe xwend (L) He recited
words of magic to himself, [also: siliir I (IFb); sihr
(IFb-2/GF); [sihir] (JJ); <sihri> (S ^ (HH)) {syn:
efsuni) < Ar sihr --> T sihir
[L/K/B//IFb//GF//JJ//HH] <ism; remil; t’ilism>
S£rek Jo f. [ ;-£). Siverek, a town in the
northeast corner of the province of Urfa (Riha).
where both Kurmanci and Zaza (Dimili) are
spoken, [also: Swerek (A)} Za Soyreg (Todd)
[Ber//A]
s£sed j«wUs§sed [SK] num. three hundred,
•• '—■ ••
300. [also: sesid (B)) Skt trisata-; Av Srisata- & tisro
sata; P sesad Sor sesed j [K//SK//B]
• • ••
sese (A) = three. See s& & sis§.
sesid (B) = three hundred. See sesed.
Se§em f. ( ;-e). Tuesday, {also: Se§emb
(JB3/IFb/TF); Se§embe (GF- 2 ); Segemi (K/GF/Erg);
[sichem] (JJ)) Cf. P seh Sanbe Sor
Se§em[mje <x[J^<u^/Se§emu^<uil^; Za Segeme
(Todd) [F/B/Rh//JJ//K/GF//JB3/IFb/TF]
Se§emb (JB3/IFb/TF) = Tuesday. See Se§em.
Se§embe (GF) = Tuesday. See Se§em.
Se§emi (K/GF/Erg) = Tuesday. See S£§em.
■ i
*seti (EP-7) = checking, examination. See saxti.
sev oil* f. (-a;-§). apple: *Sevna bine (BK) Bring
some apples; -s§va bin 'erdS/bin’erd (B)
Jerusalem artichoke, {also: siv (Rh); [siw] (JJ);
<siv> (HH)} Mid P seb (M3); Southern Tati
dialects (all f .): Takestani & Ebrahim-abadi asifa;
Eshtehardi siva; Sagz-abadi asua (Yar-Shater); P sib
Sor sew Za sa f. (Todd); Hau sawi f. (M4)
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK/BK//JJ/HH/Rh]
Sevang»e f. ( ;*e) (B) = umbrella. See siwan.
sevil Jil*, (GF) = field mouse. See s§vle.
sevle aL» ()• field mouse, zool. Microtus arvalis &
Microtus agrestis. [also: sevil (GF); sevole (GF- 2 );
sivle (A); sivlore (Bw); <s[e]vle> Jjs-* (HH)} [syn:
mi§ke terezine} [Bw//A//IFb/HH/Hej//GF] <cird;
mi§k>
sevole (GF) = field mouse. See sevle.
sevsevok Jjj f. (-a; ). kneecap, anat. Patella:
-sevsevoka goki (Bw) do. [Bw] <gok>
sewemin (K) = third. See sisiya.
sewi m.&f. ( ; /-ye), orphan; child whose
mother is dead, but whose father is still alive
(Bw/JBl-A/GF); child whose mother is dead, or
whose both parents are dead (TF): *Derew s£w!
ye (BX) Lies are orphans [lit. 'the lie is [an]
orphan’] [prv.] *We zar d z§gen me s@wi
bihelin (Ber) They will leave our women and
children [widows and] orphans; -et’im u s£wi
(Bw) child orphaned of both parents, {also: [sivi]
LS ^. (JJ); <sewl> ^^^(HH)} {syn: et’im} (sewiti}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <bi I>
sewiti /. 0- orphanhood, particularly loss of
the mother, (syn: et’im[t]i} [K/A/IFb/GF/TF] <sewi>
seyek J* 4 ~ (K/IFb/GF/BK/CT) = a third. See s£ki.
seyem (A) = third. See sisiya.
seye £-1* (M-Sur&Ak) = third. See sisiya.
sezde (K/IFb/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/M/Rh) = thirteen.
See sezdeh.
sezdeh Aojy num. thirteen, 13. {also: senzdeh (B);
sezde (K/IFb/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/M/Rh); [sezdeh
ojy^/douhousi (JJ)} Skt trayodasa; Av
Bridasa = thirteenth; Mid P sezdah (M3); P sizdah
Sor sezde oy>l~/siyanze L-v, Za
hires/desuhire (Todd); Hau senze (M4)
[F/SC/JJ//K/IFb/SK/JB 1 -A&S/GF/M/Rh//B] <se I;
sise; si II>
siba L- (B) = tomorrow. See sibe [2],
Sibat oL f. ( ;-£). February: *[Sibat e, gi §er e
gi §ewat e, xwezi niv mehada nehata] (BG)
February, what struggling and what devastation, I
547
wish there were no such month [lit. ’that it did not
come among the months’] [proverbial saying],
{also: Sivat; §ibat (GF-2/OK-2); §ivat (F); [choubat]
tLi (JJ); <sibat> (HH); [gabatt] (BG)} Syr
§vot/svat [NA Iswat/Ishwat
(Maclean)/slTvutt (Oraham); Heb sevat -->
Ar subat —> T §ubat; corresponds to last part
of Nawzistan jL^b/Rebendan qIjj(P
bahman ^y*#) [Aquarius] & 1st part of
Re§eme ( y^oj/Polan (P esfand AAaJ) [Pisces]
[K/JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK//HH//F//JJ//BG]
sib»e f (•a;»e). 1 ) [also: sibeh; sive) morning:
•siba te bi xer! (K) good morning! (greeting]
•Sibe Ton bil (EP-7/K) Morning has broken; It
has become light; -dusibe = the day after
tomorrow; -sibe-sibe (B) in the mornings;
-sibetir = the day after tomorrow; -sibetira
di/dine = a) three days from now; b) on the next
or following day; -sibezu (JB3) a) early in the
morning; b) early morning; -sibe = a) in the
morning; b) tomorrow [also: sibehe; subahe (Zx));
-sibe §ebeqe (Dz) = a) tomorrow morning; b)
early the next morning [also: sibehe §ibaqe (L)}; 2 )
[also: siba (B); sibehe; sibe (A); subahe (Zx)) ] adv.]
tomorrow, [also: [sabahh/sabah‘ ^-LWsube^*^]
(JJ); <sibhi> Ls e r ^ (HH)} < Ar sabah & subh
= 'morning'; Sor siba = 'early morning’ &
sib[K]ey[ne] = tomorrow; Hau se‘b in. -
■ ■
’morning' & seway = 'tomorrow' (M4)
[BX/A/JB3/IF/B//JJ//HH] <spede>
sibeh a<^ = morning. See sibe [ 1 ].
sibehe = tomorrow. See sibe [ 2 ].
sibe (A) = tomorrow. See sibe [2].
sibit (Dh) = dill. See §iwit.
siboq (Zx) = paint. See sibxe.
sibore (Hk) = squirrel. See siwdri.
sibx»e f. («a; ). paint: -siboq kirin (Zx) to
shine, polish (shoes); -sibxa diwara (Bw) wall
paint; -sibxa ninoka (Bw) nail polish, [also:
siboq (Zx)) [syn: boyax kirin} <Ar Vs-b-y = 'to
paint, dye’ [Bw//Zx] <boyax>
sid a-*, = hundred. See sed.
sifar jU-, (DZK) = copper. See sifir.
sifet oajL* m. (-§; ). 1 ) quality, attribute, trait,
characteristic; personality (HH); 2) outward
appearance, aspect; 3) (syn: ru [1]; serg’av; suret
[1]} face: •Sifetfi w§ bedew e (B) She has a
pretty face; 4) (syn: suret [4]; wene) picture, image:
-sifet k’i§andin (B) to take a picture, {also: [sifet]
(JJ); <sifet> (HH)) < Ar sifah <L&yC> —
'description' (Vw-s-f P sifat --> T sifat
[K/IFb/B/HH/JJ]
sifir f./m.(B) ( /-e; ). 1 ) (syn; mis} copper;
-sifire sor (B) do.; -sifire zer (B) brass; 2 )
copper vessel, [also: sifar (DZK); sifr (SK); [sifyr]
(JJ); <sifir> jlu& (HH)} < Ar sufr = 'brass', cf.
asfar = 'yellow' [Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//SK//HH]
<birinc II>
sifori (IF/HH) = squirrel. See siwtiri.
sifr (SK) = copper. See sifir.
sifr*e o^u, f.(K/B/SK)/m.(EP-7) ( /•§;•§/). 1 )
dinner table, table wbich has a meal laid out on it
]pan-Mid Eastern concept: laid table , place where
food is laid out , rather than physical table ]:
According to E. W. lane: "The thing [whatever it
be] upon which one eats ..."; leather tablecloth,
serving as table for meals (B); 2 ) tablecloth, {also:
sivir (Ba3); [sufra] o(JJ)} Cf. Ar sufrah aP
sofre o>~, T sofra [EP-7/K/IFb/B/SK/GF//Ba3]
sift adj. first, [also: sifteh (IFb)} {syn: 'ewil; pe§in;
yekem[in]} Cf. T siftah = ’first sale of the day’; Za
sifte = first (adv.) (Todd) ?< clq. [Palestinian] Ar
istiftah = 'first sale of the day’ [Ad//IFb]
<sifte>
sifte ojJu, adv. at first. Cf. T siftah = 'first sale of the
day'; Za sifte = first (adv.) (Todd) ?< clq.
[Palestinian] Ar istiftah = ’first sale of the
day' [K/B] <sift>
sifteh (IFb) = first. See sift,
sih I (JB3/GF) = shade, shadow. See si I.
sih II i (BX/JB3/JB1-S) = thirty. See si II.
sih III Am (IFb) = angry. See sil.
sihbet (IFb) = conversation, talk. See suKbet.
sihet II (IFb) = health. See sehet II.
sihik I f (). vinegar, {also: sek (IFb- 2 ); sihink
(TF); sihir II (A); silk’e (; silk’e) (B/K-2); sirk’e;
[sirke *T^,/sike *Sl^/sik J^m] (JJ); <sihik *±l^/sirke
(HH)} Cf. P sirke a 5S-*—> T sirke
[K/JB3/IFb/HH/GF//A//B//JJ//TF]
sihik II f. (). shade, shadow [dim. of si I/sih I]
Cf. P saye L; < si/sih = ’shade' + -ik [dim.
ending] [K]
sihink (TF) = vinegar. See sihik I.
sihir I ^ (IFb) = magic. See s§r I.
548
sihir II ^ (A) = vinegar. See sihik I.
sihx Ls ^ (SK) = thirty. See si II.
mm
sihnik (Bw) = plate. See s§nik.
sihr (IFb/GF) = magic. See ser I.
sihud (IFb) = good luck. See silld.
sihet I (Z-l) = hour; clock. See saet.
siKud (Z- 2 ) = good luck. See siud.
sik JL (BK/HB) = stomach; inside. See zik.
sikir f. Q. 1) {syn: bend I[l]} dam, weir: •Em li
ser§ sukur ava dikin, je derdixin elektrika
rohni, a wek z£r (AB) We build a dam at the
top, from which [lit. ’from it'] we get electricity,
[which is valuable] like gold; 2 ) barrier, [also:
sukur I (AB); <sikir> (HH)j < Ar sikr =
’dam'; Cf. Arc soxara K1D1D & Syr s 0 xoro IbnSb
= ’dam, lock, barrier' [AB//K/JB3/IF/HH]
sil J-~ ad] . 1 ) (syn: ziz II) angry, mad, annoyed: -ji fk-
8 sil btln (K/IFb) to get angry or mad at: •[Icari
mela Bazid sil buye, gote jina xwe] (JR-3)
Then mullah Bazid got angry [and] said to his
wife...; -xwe sil kirin (JR) to get angry or mad:
•[Melayi weku ev xebera ji jine seh kiri,
xwe sil kir) (JR-3) When the mullah heard these
words from the woman, he got angry; 2) touchy,
sensitive, easily offended (B); fearing the
consequences of an offence one has committed
(IFb/HH). [also: sih III (IFb-2); [sil) 0 L (JJ); <sil> ^
(HH)) [JR/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF]
silafi^Y* (SK/JBl-S) = weapon(s). See sileh I.
silal jY*, /silal JY*? [JBl-A] adv. above, upstairs,
up: • [Qume silal] (JJ-G) I went upstairs *[Were
silal] (JJ-G) Come on up! [also: [salal] JY~ (JJ-G);
[salal] (RJ)| |syn:hevraz; jor; ^xwar) [Bw//JB1-A//
JJ-G/RJ] <fez; hevraz; jela; jor>
silam p.Y* = greetings, regards. See silav.
silamet o^Y« (B) = safe; healthy. See selamet.
silameti ^^Y* (B) = safety; health. See selameti.
silav <JY* f '■ (-a;~£). greeting(s), regards: -li fk-§
silava kirin/dan = to greet, send greetings to:
• Bire te ... silava li te dike (L) Your brother
... sends you his regards; -silav dayin/l§kirin/
vedan (B) to greet s.o.; -silav ft k’ilav (B)
greeting and gift; -silav [u] k’ilav §andin (B) to
send one's best wishes; -silav vegirtin (K) to
return s.o.'s greeting, {also: selam (EP-7/K-2); selav;
silam; silaw (SK); slav (FK-eb-2); [silaw JY*/selam
l*Y*l (JJ); <silav «jY*/silam ^Y*> (HH)] < Ar salam
y
pY* = ’peace' (used in greetings); Sor silaw^Y* =
'peace, greeting’ [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/TF//SK]
silaw jY* (SK) = greetings, regards. See silav.
sileh (JB3) = weapon(s). See sileh I.
silim m. (-§; ). ladder, [also: selim, f.
(Erh/IFb/TF); <selim> (HH)) {syn: nerdewan;
p’elegan; p’epeling [3]; p’estirk) < Ar sullam jJL =
’ladder'-> T siiliim (Mara§, Gaziantep)
[Haz//Erh/IFb/HH/TF] <derenc>
silk eilw (A/HH/TF/Rh) = beet. See silq.
silk’e L ( ; silk’e) (B/K) = vinegar. See sihik I.
silq (jiw /. (-a;-§). beet, bot. Beta, [also: silk
(A/TF/Rh); silx (Erg); [selq/selk (G)/silk (Lx/Rb)]
& [silqok] (JJ); <silk> ^LL (HH)) Cf. Ar
Y
salq/silq jL, = 'type of chard'; Sor silq jL =
'spinach-beet' [Qzl/K/IFb/B/GF//JJ//A/HH/TF/Rh//Erg]
<§elim>
silt’an qLlL m. (-§; silt’Sn, vi silt’ani). sultan,
monarch, (absolute) ruler: *R§yek§ bibine ft
me bigihine Silten (SF 2) Find a way to get us
to the Sultan, [also: sult’an (B)/sultan (SK/GF/IFb-
2); [sultan] jlkL (JJ)) < Ar sultan jlkL = 'power,
reign, authority; sultan, absolute ruler'
[SF/K/IFb//B/SK/GF//JJ] <p’ad§a>
silx (Erg) = beet. See silq.
sim ^ f. ( ;-e). 1 ) hoof: IFb distinguishes between
sim = lioof of solid-hoofed animals, such as that of
the horse , and gim = hoof of even-toed (split-
hoofed) ruminants, such as that of sheep and cows :
• Sim - sime k’ere ne, f§l - fele P’erd ne
(Dz-#32, p.401) The hooves are donkey hooves,
but the deeds are [the thief) Para’s deeds [prv:]; 2 )
horseshoe, [also: [sim) (JJ); <sim> ^ (HH)) Cf. P
som p-w/sonb Sor sim ^; Hau sum; Za sim m.
(Mai) [S&E/K/A/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<gim; hesp; neynuk>
simaq jL-* f ( ;-e). sumac[h], bot. Rhus ; a tree
which grows in hot climates, whose bark is used
for medicinal purposes, and whose lentil-like seeds
are pounded to yield a sour-flavored spice (TF):
-Y& simaq£ difro§it (Bw) He is angry, but is
holding it inside [lit. 'He is selling sumac':
expression which implies that one looks angry,
because when one eats something sour-tasting (like
sumac), one knits one’s brow), {also: <simaq> jL-*
(HH)} <Arc samoq pIDO = 'red': Ar summaq L-,;
549
s_
T sumak; P somaq jL*; Sor simaq jL-
[Bw/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK]
simbSl f./m.(B)/pl.(JJ) (). moustache, whiskers:
-simel badan (B/JJ) to twirl one's moustache;
-simb§l§ fk-S melftl b to (Z-2) to get angry:
• M!r Z&ydfri simb@18 wi melftl bfin (Z-2)
M.Z. got angry [lit. 'his whiskers became gloomy'].
( also: simel (K/GF-2); sinbel (JB3/IFb-2); [sinbil]
(JJ); <simbel> (HH)) Cf. P sebil &
Y
Ar sabalah (pi. sibal JL-d; Sor smel Jl—; Za
zimeli (Lx)/zimel[-i] (Mai); Hau simele pi (M4)
[A/IFb/HH/GF//K/B//JB3//JJ] <rih; ru>
simbil I f./m.(B) (). 1) (syn: liqat} ear, spike (of
wheat or corn) ; 2) Virgo (astr.) by analogy with T
ba§ak, which has both meanings 1) & 2) shown
here; this is because in ancient Babylonia this sign
of the zodiac featured a cornmaiden, a goddess
associated with the harvest season, often depicted
holding a spike of wheat, {also: simbul II (K[s]);
simil (K/B); sinbil I (JB3/IFb-2); [sounbul] (JJ);
<simbil> (HH)) < Ar sunbul
[HB/F/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF//B/K//JJ//K(s)] <genim;
liqat>
simbil II (IFb) = hyacinth. See sunbul.
simbul I f. (B) = hyacinth. See sunbul.
simbul II (K[s]) = ear of corn. See simbil I.
simel (K/GF) = moustache. See simbel.
simelre§ adj. 1) with black whiskers, with
black moustache(s); 2) angry, annoyed, mad.
< sim[b]el = 'moustache' + re§ = 'black' [B]
simil (K/B) = ear of corn. See simbil I.
simirin vi. (-simir-). to be numb; to freeze:
•Dit marek ye di nav befrSda, ye simiri li
serma (M-Ak, #544) He saw a snake in the snow,
frozen [or, numb] with cold. [M-Ak/OK] ccemidin;
qerimin>
simolek J (IF) = squirrel. See siwuri.
simore = squirrel. See siwtiri.
simsiyark = vulture. See sisalk.
simt (IFb/Zeb/Dh) = hilltop. See semt [4].
simtin ^y^^/simtin (/u+o [Bw] vt. (-sim-/-sim-
[Bw]). to bore, pierce (pipes, tunnels, round
things): -Ber§ tivingS singa Baram simtiye
(GF) The rifle bullet pierced Baram’s chest, {also:
*simtin (GF); <simtin (disime) (<wj)> (HH);
JJ has erroneous *[sontin] { syn: qul kirin) P
softan qza* (-sonb-) Sor simin (-sim-)
= 'to bore, pierce' [Bw//HH/OK/M//(GF)]
"'simtin (GF) = to pierce. See simtin.
sinbel (JB3/IFb) = moustache. See simb§l.
sinbil I (JB3/IFb) = ear of corn. See simbil I.
sinbil II (IFb) = hyacinth. See sunbul.
sine f. ( ;-§). tree bearing sour, edible fruit (HH);
oleaster, wild olive tree, Russian olive, bot.
Elaeagnus angustifolia [T igde agaci] (IFb);
buckthorn, jujube tree, Chinese date, bot. genus
Zizyphus [P senjed a^~] (JJ). [also: *sincu; [sinjov]
(JJ); <sinci> (HH)) (syn: gusinc (IF)} Cf. P
senjed ^ = 'buckthorn or jujube tree'; Sor sincu
^ = 'oleaster' [HB/K/A/IFb/B/TF//JJ//HH]
sinc§rl (). round, sweet grapes, yellow with a
slight blue tinge (Msr); type of grape from which
dims, aqit or mot [T pekmez] is made (IFb/HH).
(aiso: <sinceri> (HH)) ?< Sincar [§ingal3
(mountain in Kurdistan of Iraq)
[Msr/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF] <tiri>
sincirandin vt. (-sincirin-). to heat up an
oven, as for baking bread ; to fire a kiln, as for
baking clay pots, {also: <sincirandin jjo)
(disincirine) j)> (HH)} [A/IFb/HH/GF]
<sincirin>
sinciri adj. piping hot, red hot: •ze’f sinciri
ye (Erh) It’s very hot. [Erh/A/TF] <germ>
sincirin vi. (-sincir-). to be heated up, heat
up (vi.); to melt (HR-I): *Ew j! dib@ kevg’iy§
hesini, di nav girara germ da disincir§; ji
we yeke kevg’iye dari qimetlitir e (HR-I,
1:40) They also say that iron spoons [lit. 'the iron
spoon'] melt [or, heat up] in hot porridge; for this
reason wooden spoons are [lit. ’the wooden spoon
is'] more valuable, [also: <sincirin
(disincire) (HH)} [A/HH/TF/HR-I]
sincoq m. (-e; ). 1 ) large intestine of animals;
2 ) food, such as sausage, made from animal
intestines, {also: <sincoq> (HH)) cf. T sucuk
= ’sausage’ [Frq/(A)/IFb/HH] crovi II; c ur>
*sincu^^u, = oleaster. See sine,
sing! (). morals, ethics, (syn: exlaq) cf. Ar
sajlyah ’natural disposition, temper’
[(neol)RN/IFb]
sindirik Jjjj-u f (-a; ). coffin, (also; sindiruk (GF);
sindurek (GF-2); [sandruk] (JJ-G)} [Bw//GF//JJ]
<darbest; gor I>
550
sindiruk X^aa-, (GF) = coffin. See sindirik.
sindoq ^A-Xsindoq [JBl-A/SK] f./in.(JBl-A)
(-a/;-§/). box, chest, coffer: -sindoqa pi§te (Bw)
trunk, boot (of a car), rear compartment, (also:
sandiq (EH/IF-2); sandux (B); sanduq; senduq
(F/K/IF-2); [syndouq/sandruk (G)/sandux
(Lx)/sanduk (Rh)] ^aa*? (JJ)) (syn;qab I[2]; qut’i)
Cf. P/Ar sanduq ^aa^; T sandik; Sor sinduq
q^aa*; Hau sin[n]oq m. (M4); c/. also Rus sunduk
cyH47K [EH//K(s)/A/IF/JBl-A/SK//B//F/K//JJ]
sindurek Xj^ajl* (GF) = coffin. See sindirik.
sinet (IFb) = art, skill; profession; industry. See
sen'et.
sinetkar jlSSX (IFb)/sin’etkar (GF) = artisan;
artist. See sen'etk’ar.
sing I XXsing Xa<? [Bw/JBl-A] m. (-e; ). (tent)
stake, spike, pile, post: *Bira sing§ gadira hil
kin (Z-3) They should pull up the tent stakes (i.e.,
break camp, pack up to leave); -sing k’utan (K)
to hammer stakes, [also: [sink] X~ (JJ); <sink> X*>
(JJ)) 1 syn: gixin (Bw)) Sor sind au/ sing X-~ = peg,
short stake’ [Z-3/F/K/A/IFb/B/SK/GF/TF/OK//Bw/
JB1-A//JJ//HH] <gadir; kon>
sing II XL (JB3/HH/Rnh/TF) = chest; mountain slope.
See sing.
singdan ^XL (Z-2) = prison, dungeon. See zindan.
singiw 3 fL = bayonet. See singo.
sing! = bayonet. See singo.
singo f. (). bayonet, [also: singiw; sing!; singu
(K)l < T siingu [HB/A/IFb/GF//K]
singu(K) = bayonet. See singo.
sinhet O j f.(K)/m.(JB3) = art, skill; profession;
industry. See sen'et.
sinhetk’ar (K) = artisan; artist. See sen'etk’ar.
sin! (B) = tray. See seni.
sior (TF) = squirrel. See siwUri.
sipartin (L/IFb/BK/JJ) = to entrust, commit. See
spartin.
sipas ^L~ (K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK) = thanks. See spas,
sipasdar j] a-*L~ (TF) = grateful. See spasdar.
sipehi (IFb/TF) = pretty, beautiful. See spehi.
sipehiti (IFb/JJ/TF) = beauty. See spehiti.
sipeyi (IFb/JJ) = pretty, beautiful. See spehi.
sipede oaX (IFb/GF) = dawn. See sp§de.
sipdne <uX £(Zeb)/m.(OK) (). wedge; wooden splint
put around bottom of pillar or column to ensure
that it sticks straight up (Zeb). {also: sipin (GF);
sipne (OK- 2 ); spene (Zeb/IFb- 2 )} Cf. Ar isftn q***)
= ’wedge' [Zeb/IFb//OK//GF]
sipih (IFb/TF) = louse (pi. lice). See spi II.
sipindar jIj™. £ ( ;-e). poplar tree, bot. Populus ;
•' white poplar tree, tall tree with white bark (HH):
-dara sipindar (F) do. {also: sipidar (GF);
sipindar (IFb/TF); spehidar (A); spidar (A); spindar
(GF- 2 ); spindar (A/IFb- 2 /SK); [spidar jlA^Xspindar
jii^] (JJ); <spindar> jIaa^, (HH)) [syn: *evran;
qewax) Cf. P saftdar j)a^./ sapidar = 'aspen,
white poplar tree’; Sor sipi[n]dar j)aU]^ = 'white
poplar' [F/K/B//A/JJ/HH/SK//IFb/TF//GF] <pelk>
siping X-~, £/m.(Mzg) ( /-§;-§/). yellow goatsbeard,
meadow salsify, bot. Tragopogon pratensis or
Tragopogon porrifolius (T yemlik), a springtime
plant which is eaten raw. {also: sipink (Mzg); sping
(A/IFb- 2 /OK); spink (E§); spink (GF); <sip[i]nk>
X~« (HH); <siping> X~* (Hej)) = Sor §ing XL =
’salsify, purple goat's-beard' [E§//Mzg/HH//K/IFb/
B/Hej//A/OK//GF] <gezbelok>
sipink X^~ (Mzg/HH) = meadow salsify. See siping.
sip! I ^ (AB/A/B/F/JJ/HH/GF/TF) = white. See spi I.
sip! II L5 -w (A/B) = louse (pi. lice). See spi II.
••
sipig’al JX™ f. ( ;-e). sheet, bedsheet. [syn:
gar§ev [3]) [F/K/B]
sipigik X™ (IFb) = egg white. See spilik I.
sipigolk (A/GF) = pale. See spig’olki.
sipig’olki (B/F) = pale. See spig’olki.
sipidar J a™. (GF) = poplar. See sipindar.
sipik X~- (OK/GF/JJ) = egg white. See spilik I.
sipilik X-~~ (GF) = egg white. See spilik I.
sipilk X-~~ (GF) = egg white. See spilik I.
sipin q. (GF) = wedge. See sipene.
sipindar j) aa™ (IFb/TF) = poplar tree. See sipindar.
sipiti (TF) = whiteness. See spitayi.
• •
sipne (OK) = wedge. See sip£ne.
siqavel £ (). large broom used for sweeping
out stables (Kp/Ag): -seqaw£l kirin (Ag) to sweep
out (a stable), {also: seqawel (Ag); seqevel (F)) {syn:
avlek; cerivk (Bw); gezi; k’ino§e; melk’es; serge
(Ad); sivnik; §irt I) Cf. Arm awel uii_fcL= ’broom’;
T sahavel [Agm~Elazig]/sahavul [Bahgeba§i-Tokat;
Agm~Elazig]/sahayluk [Bayburt]/sahbil [Hozat-
Tunceli]/sahovu [Arapkir-Malatya]/sakavel
(Bayburt; Yusufeli-Artvin]/sakavil [Yusufeli-Artvin;
Narman-Erzurum; Tercan-Erzincan, etc.]/sakavul
[Erzurum; Erzincan]/sakgavul [Qildir, Sarikami§,
551
Selim-Kars]/sakkavul [Kars; Erzurum; Erzincan;
Kayseri]/sakkol [Ergan-Erzincan] {DS, v. 10, p.
3515) [K/Kp//F//Ag] <gezi; mali§tin>
sir I ^,/siF [IFb-2] £ (-a; ). 1) dry cold, nip in the
air; 2) cool breeze or draft: *Li her du aliyen
riya kaniye sipindar, dar£n seva, ertlga u
incasa hebun. Gi§t rez bubxin. pelen wan
bi sira baye, yekser dixu§iyan, b li vi all,
li wi ali dihejiyan (MB-Meyro) On both sides of
the road to the well there were poplars, apple trees,
and plum trees, all in a row. Their leaves rustled
in the cool evening breeze [lit. 'in the breeze of the
wind’], tilting this way and that, {also: sur I[2]
(GF-2); [ser] ^ (JJ); <sir>^ (HH)) [MB/IFb/HH
/GF/TF//JJ] <sar; serma>
sir II ^ £ (-a;-e). secret: # Sufa we dihar bu (Z-
V
1) Her secret was revealed, {also: sur II (K/B); [syr]
(JJ)} { syn: nepeni] < Ar sirr [Z-l/IFb/JJ//K/B]
sir*a f. ( ;•§) (B) = (one’s) turn. See sire,
sire (IFb) = (one’s) turn. See sire.
sir*@ £ (*iya [EP-8];*e). (one's) turn (in a
mm
game, in line, etc.) : -bi sire (EP-7) by turns:
•Ewana bi sire k’ilam avitne ser M. (EP-7)
They took turns singing to M. {also: sir*a { ; # e) (B);
sire (IFb)! {syn: dor; ger II[3] ; nobet) Cf. T sira &
Mod Gr seira aeipoc [EP-7/EP-8/K//IFb//B]
sirge (). broom, {syn: avlek; cerivk (Bw); gezi;
k’ino§e; melk’es; siqavel; sivnik; sizik; §icing; §irt I|
?< T siipiirge = ’broom' [Ad] <gezi; mali§tin>
sirgbn £ ( ;-e). exile, banishment: -sirgtln
kirin (K/B/GF)/surgun kirin (SK) to exile,
banish: *Wext£ mezinet wan diku§tin,
surgtin dikirin, nedigotin [sic], "Da millete
di ye feqir bi-xudan bikeyn u rebme bi
Kale wan bikeyn." Weto dihelan (SK 56:643)
When they were killing and exiling their leaders
they did not say, ’’Let us take care of this poor
nation and have mercy on them.” They simply left
them. { also: surgun (SK); [sourgoun] (JJ)) {syn:
kogberi; xurbet) < T surgun [K/IFb/B/GF//SK//JJ]
siri§k £ (). tears (of sorrow, joy, etc.), {syn:
hestir I; roni II) Cf. P a§k JLil [S&E/K/IFb]
sirk’e
sirsdm ,
’e (JJ/HH) = vinegar. See sihik I.
dm £ (-a;-£). wooden butter churn, as
opposed to me$k = (butter) churner made of
animal skin, {also: sursum (Wn))
[Wn//K/A/IFb/B/GF] <Kiz; k’il III; me§k; p’ost [4];
xinusi>
siru§t £/m. (/-§; ). nature: •Hozanvand
jehati u §ehreza di vehandina hozan d
helbestan da, desthei ft pisporS lekinana
peyivan, evindar§ ciwaniya siru$t@
Kurdistane bi giya u geli u dol u rdbaren
xo ve (Nisret Hack "Feqe Teyran ft £iroken
Binavkirina Wi," Peyam 5-6 [1996], 2) The poet
skilled and expert at composing poems and verses,
handy and clever at putting words together,
enamored of the Kurdistan’s natural beauty with its
mountains, valleys, ravines, and rivers, {also: siru§t
(IFb/SS); suri§t (GF); suru§t (K[s]/TF)) {syn: t’ebi’et;
xweza) Sor siri§t [Nisret Haci//IFb/SS//K(s)/
TF//GF]
siru§t (IFb/SS) = nature. See siru§t.
siseyan (BX) = third. See sisiya.
siseyek (BX) = a third. See seki.
sise num. three, 3: ,"sise" is used independently
(free form), while "se” is immediately followed by a
dependent noun (bound form), Cf. didu vs. du.
{aiso:sese; sise (BX-2/K-2); sese (A); [si] ^ (JJ); <se
^/sisfsje LS ^> (HH)) Cf. P se Sor se Za hire
(Todd) [BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF//A//JJ] <didu; du;
se I; seki; sezdeh; si II>
sisiye (JB 1 -S) = third. See sisiya.
sisiya adj. third, {also: se III (JBl-A); seani (K);
see (M-Am&Bar&Shn); sehem (IFb); sehemin (IFb-
2); sewemin (K-2); seyem (A); seye (M-sur&Ak);
siseyan (BX); sisiye (JBl-S); sisya (B); sisiya[n] (K-
2 ); [sii] ^^(JJ)) Cf. P sewom Sor sehem[in]
birin/hireyin (Todd) [F//JB 1 -A//K//
M-Am&Bar&Shn//IFb//A//M-Snr&Ak//BX//JBl-S//B//JJ[
<se I; sise>
sist o^-v/sist [Bw] adj. 1 ) {syn: lawaz [ 2 ]; qels
I[l]; zeyf [ 2 ]) weak, powerless, limp: *[Xftne ser
ft gaved Behrami pegavt ft ew ji idi weku
bere nemayi sist bftyi ft qeme ji destan
ket] (JR) blood covered Behram’s face [lit. ’head
and eyes’], and he was no longer as before, he
became weak and the dagger fell from [his] hands;
2) loose, slipshod, slack: -sist kirin (Bw) to
loosen, unscrew {syn: vekirin [3]). [also: [sist]
(JJ); <sist> (HH)) (sistayi; sisti)
[JR/Ba 2 /F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF//Bw]
sistayi (K/B) = weakness; laziness. See sisti.
552
sist! ( jl^ £ ( ;-ye). 1) ( syn: qelsi [1]) weakness;
impotence; powerlessness, limpness; 2 ) laziness,
indolence, slackness, [also: sistayi (K- 2 /B- 2 ); [sisti]
(JJ)) [K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <sist>
sisya (B) = third. See sisiya.
sit’ar jtx^ £ ( ;-§). 1 ) [syn: ban II; serban) roof: *ser
sit’are (EP-7) on the roof; 2) [syn: nivan) refuge,
shelter (IFb/B); 3) belongings, goods and chattels,
particularly those of the poor (B); clothes (HH).
[also: <sitar> jUl* (HH)) < Ar sitar
[EP- 7/K/IFb/B /HH]
sitewil (IFb) = horse stable. See stewl.
sitel (L) = worthy, deserving. See stel.
siterik J(TF) = star. See ster.
sitirandin jjjlyu* (TF) = to sing. See stiran I.
sitirih a y* (IFb/TF) = animal horn. See stru.
sitirihan qIa yc~ (TF) = to knead. See stiran II.
sitirihandin jjjbfc (TF) = to knead. See stiran II.
sitiri ^y^ (IFb) = thorn. See stiri I.
situn (F) = column; pole. See stftn.
situr J3 y M (TF) = thick. See stftr.
siud j^ »i4*/ f (-a, ). 1) [syn: bext; Iqbal) good luck,
good fortune; chance; success: *Heke i§e wi gu
serf, dibejin ko sitida wi a ba§ bti (BX) If his
affair goes over well, they say that he had good
luck; 'Sihiid tl Iqbal (Z-2) do.; 2) (syn: menfa'etj
advantage, benefit, [also: sihud (IFb); silrud (Z- 2 ))
<Ar su‘ud pi. of sa‘d ajw = good luck’; Za
sihud in. (Todd) [Z- 2 //IFb//K(s)/TF]
sivande (IFb) = eaves. See sivande.
Sivat = February. See Sibat.
sivde ojJLv (GF/HH) = eaves. See sivande.
sivder jOjjLu. £ ( ;-e). entrance hall, vestibule;
corridor. [Ag/Ptn/K/B]
sive jJl* = morning. See sibe [ 1 ].
sivernek yju (Frq) = eaves. See sivande.
sivik Jj L adj. 1 ) {syn: beten [ 2 ]; ^giran) light (weight),
not heavy; 2 ) {syn: asan; ^dijwar) easy: *Eze
§erdeki sivik ji tere b§jim (L) I’ll give [lit.
'tell'] you an easy task; -sivik-sivik = ever so
slightly: *Sivik-sivik rabft ji berda (EP-7) [The
prince] rose ever so slightly [as a sign of respect]; 3)
[syn: vebuyi; zer I) light (of tea) (Bw). [also: siwik
(SK); [siwik] (JJ); <sivik> (HH)) Cf. P sabuk
Sor suk {sivikayi; sivikahi; siviki; sivikti)
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/Bw//SK]
sivikahi ^ISjL, (BX/K/JB3/IFb/GF/OK) = easiness;
lightness. See sivikayi.
sivikayi £ ( ;-y£). 1 ) lightness (of weight) ; 2 )
ease, easiness: -bi sivikayi = with ease, easily.
[also: sivikahi (BX/K-2/JB3/IFb/GF-2/OK-2); siviki
(K- 2 /A- 2 /TF/OK); sivikti (K- 2 ); [siwikai] ^ISuLr (JJ))
[K/A/B/JJ/GF//BX/JB3/IFb//TF/OK] <sivik>
siviki (K/A/TF/OK) = easiness; lightness. See
••
sivikayi.
sivikti L 5 x SA (K) = easiness; lightness. See sivikayi.
sivir Ju, (Ba3) = tablecloth. See sifre.
sivi ^ £ (-ya;-ye). bran: -gerka siviye (Zeb)
• •
bran dust, [also: [sevf] L X. (JJ); <sivi> J* (Hej)) =
Y
Sor serheiek & kepek
[Zeb/OK/Hej/AA//JJ]
siving XyA (IFb) = eaves. See sivande.
sivirnek (Haz) = eaves. See sivande.
sivnik JLjL, £ (-a;-e). broom; broom used for
wiping the backs of oxen (HH); broom made from
the broom plant (Frq). [also: [sywnik] JyA (JJ);
<sivnik> AA (HH)) [syn: avlek; cerivk (Bw); gezi;
k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel; sizik; §icing
(Krs); §irt I) [IFb/JB3/JJ/HH/OK/Mtk/Frq/MB] <gezi;
mali§tin>
sivore o yA (Slv) = squirrel. See siwuri.
siwande oajIj-* (SK) = eaves. See sivande.
siwar jU-v m. (). rider, horseman; knight: *Lawik
siwareki ba§ e (AB) The boy is a good rider;
-li ft-T siwar biin = a) to mount, ride (an
animal) : *Li hesp6 swar bfim (K) I got on (or,
mounted) the horse; b) to get on/in (a vehicle) :
• Ez li treble siwar bflm (JB3) I boarded the
train; -siwar kirin = to cause to ride, mount (vt.):
• Hakim qiza xwe suwar kir (L) The king
had his daughter mount [a steed]; -li hev siwar
kirin = [monter, assembler]: *Ve tifingS ji
min re li hev siwar bike = [Monte-inoi ce
fusil] *Ev du gotin li hev siwar na bin (JB3)
These two words contradict each other [lit. 'cannot
ride together’], [also: siyar (F/K/Z-l/Bw); soyar
(Ba 2 ); suyar (B); suwar (L/IFb-2/GF); suwar (Z-
3/SK); swar (A/K- 2 ); syar (Ad); [souvar] (JJ);
<suwar> v (HH)) <0 P asa-bara-: asa- = 'horse' +
bara- = ’to ride; to be carried': P savar — > Ar
sawarl --> T stivari; Sor suwar J\^\ Za espar
• •
m. (Mai); Hau suar = 'mounted, horseman 1 (M4)
553
s_
[AB/JB3/IFb/TF// Ba2//L/HH/GF//Ad//F/K/Bw//A//B//JJ//Z-
3/SK] <hesp>
siwax ^ 3 - (OK/B) = plaster. See sewax.
Siweg (K) = Sweden. See Swed.
siwftri f.(K)/m.(JB3) Q. squirrel, zool. Sciurus
♦ ♦
vulgaris: •Siwftri ji dar§ diket, go:
"Qentarek go§t ji min gu!" (L[1937]) The
squirrel fell from the tree and said, "I have lost a
kantar [in Syria 1 kantar = 256.4 kg] of flesh!”
[prv.]. {also: sibore (Hk); simore; sior (TF); sivore
(Slv); <sifori> (HH)} \syn: sencab) Cf. Sor
simore 0J ^ [K/JB3/IFb/L(1937)//HH//TF]
siyaset f. ( ;-e). politics, [also: seyaseti (-ya; )
(B); siaseti (B-2); siyaset (K); siyaseti (K/B-2)) (syn:
rezani} < Ar siyasah a~L~--> T siyaset
[K//JB3/IFb//B]
siyasetmedar j1ja*Ja*L«, (AW/CTV) = politician. See
siyasetvan.
siyasetvan q[a»<x^L^ m. Q. politician: «!car heqe
siyasetvanan tuneye ku ber li
hunermendan bigire, hunermendan tdxe
nava tariqata xwe (Nudem 30 [1999], 27) So
politicians have no right to obstruct artists, to force
artists into their camp *Ji berdela ku
siyasetvanen me re li ber hunermendan
vekin, wan bi pe§ de bibin, ew ji bo
propogandaya xwe dikirin alet (Nudem 30
[1999], 27) Instead of our politicians encouraging
artists and promoting them, they made use of them
for their own propaganda, {also: siyasetmedar
(AW/CTV)} Cf. P siyasatmadar Sor
siyasetmedar j1ja*jaJ^ [VoA/Nudem]
siyasi adj. political, {also: siyasi (K)} ( syn:
rezani; famyari} < Ar siyasi [BX/K]
• •
sizik f. (-a; ). broom, {syn: avlek; cerivk (Bw);
gezi; k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel; sivnik;
§icing (Krs); §irt I) [Krg/Mlt/RZ]
si I ^ f. (-ya;-ye). shade; shadow: *Dar si dide
••
ser me (AB) Trees give us shade [lit. The tree
gives shade on us'] •Feqi li siya dard razaye
(AB) The theologian lay down in the shade of the
tree; -siya dard (B) shade of a tree, {also: saye
(SK); se II; sih I (JB3/GF-2); [se A~/si ^ (JJ); <sih>
a-* (HH)) {syn: seber (SK)) [Pok. skai-, skai-:skl-
917.] 'to gleam; reflection’ & [Pok. skiia- 917.]
'shadow 1 : Skt chhaya f. ; O Ir *skhaya- f.\ Av
*saiia- in a-saiia = 'shadowless'; P sayeh ajL; Sor
sa L/se[ber] [jaJI*; Za sersey f. (Todd); Hau seye
f (M4); cf. also Gr skia ctkkx - ’shadow'
[F/K/A/lFb/B/JJ/GF//HH/JB3/Hk/Rh] <sihik [2];
siwan>
si II ^ num. thirty, 30. {also: sih II (BX-2/JB3/JB1-S);
sihi (SK- 2 ); sih II (A/IFb- 2 /SK); su (Rh); [sii] ^ (JJ);
<sih> a~ (HH)} Skt trimsat-; Av Brisatam [acc.]; Mid
P sih (M3); P si Sor si Za hiris (Todd); Hau
S1 (M4) [BX/K/IFb/B/GF//A/SK//JB3/HH//JJ//SK//Rh]
si III ^ (OK) = lung. See sih I.
■ a
siaseti ^ aJi~* (B) = politics. See siyaset.
siber (K/GF/JBl-A/M-Am) = shade, shadow. See
seber.
sig ^ (Bw) = fault; offense. See she.
sigaret cJjlSL*,, f. (F) = cigarette. See cigare.
sih I /. (-a; ). lung, {syn: cegera spi; kezeba sipi;
melak[a sor]; pi§a spi} {also: si III (OK)} = Sor
sepelak [Hk//OK] <dil; fatere§k; hinav;
zirav II>
sih II (A/IFb/SK) = thirty. See si II.
sil*e f (*a;*e). slap, smack, cuff, box (with the
hand) : -sile li fk-e dan/xistin (K)/sile kirin
(IF/B) to slap, smack s.o.: *Ew mild Osiv digire
sileke usa Id dixe, weki ji g’ave wi pirisk
dipekin (Ba3-3, #25) He grabs Joseph’s arm and
slaps him so hard that sparks fly out his eyes, {also:
sileh II (B- 2 ); [sile] aL^ (JJ)} (syn: §imaq} P sill
~> T sille [Msr/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/OK]
sileh I a!~* f. (). weapon(s), arms, {also: islah; isleh;
islah; isleh; isleh (L); silah (SK/JBl-S); sileh (JB3);
silhe (B); siliR (F/SC); [silah] (JJ); <sileh>
(HH)) (syn: g’ek [3]) < Ar silaR^-N-* [L//K/IFb/7
JB3//HH//JJ//B//F/SC//SK/JB1-S] <cebirxane>
sileh II aa!^ (B) = slap. See sile.
silhe a^L«, (B) = weapon(s). See sileh I.
siliti (F/SC) = weapon(s). See sileh I.
sim»e a^ m. (*e; ). 1) (iron) fence; 2) silver wire
(IFb/OK). [Bw/IFb/OK] <percan; tan>
simerx^-jAo^w (IFb) = red vulture, zool. Gypus vulvus.
See semir.
simir ^ (K/B)/simir ^ (IFb/HH/GF/TF) = simurgh.
T
See sdmir.
sinahi f (). glimmer (of light), weak light, dim
• •
light, as that which shines through an opening in a
door : «Di §kefteka tari da sinahiyeka pigftk
bes e (Zeb) In a dark cave, a little glimmer of light
is enough »Yd Jiutm e—xo sinahiyekd
554
nabinit (Zeb) He is blind--he can't even see a dim
light, {also: sinayi (OK)) [Zeb//OK] <pejin; qeret’u;
ronahi I>
sinak Jtu-* (Elk) = clubs (in card games). See sinek.
sinayi (OK) = dim light. See sinahi.
*»
sind (Bw) = oath. See sond.
sinek f. ( ;-e). clubs (suit of playing cards).
{also: sinak (Elk); <sinek> (Hej)} (syn: ispati)
cf. T sinek = ’fly (insect); clubs (playing cards)’
[B w/Qzl/Hej//Elk]
sing ciC™- m.(Ba2/JB3)/f.(W) (-6/-a; ). 1 ) chest,
bosom: -depa sing (Wn)/depe singi
(Bw/Elk)/defa sing (K)/defa singe
(Qzl/Qrj)/derfa sing (IS) thorax, chest, area
between the neck and the diaphragm; 2 ) {svn: p’al
[ 2 ]; p’e§ I[ 2 ]; qundax) slope (of mountain) : -singe
g’iy@ (B) do.: »Ser sing£ Dtimanlile cicina
xulexula cewik§d av§ bh (Ba 2 :l, p. 202 ) On
the slope of [Mount] Dumanlu here and there was
the babbling of brooks (of water); 3) front, forward
part (e.g., the front seat of a car) (Bw). {also: sing II
(JB3/Rnh/TF); [sing] (JJ); <sing> X~ (HH)) Cf.
P sine T sine; Hau sine m. (M4)
[Ba2/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/OK//JB3/HH/TF] <memik>
sini (IFb/JJ) = tray. See seni,
••
sinor m./f.(JR) (-£/-a; ). border, limit, frontier:
•[Hfin digel elated xwe bar bikin d bigine
sinora Rome] (fR #39,120) Pack up and go with
your people to the frontier of Turkey
• Sefewiyan ji ji bo parastina sinore
dewleta xwe li hemberi imparatoriya
berfireh a Osmaniyan §ieti weki
mezhebeki dini ft fermi ... dan [sic]
xuyakirin (Zend 2:3[1997], p.56) And the
Safavids, in order to protect the border of their
state against the expansive Ottoman Empire,
declared Shiism their official religious sect, {also:
sinftr (JB3); [sinor] (JJ); <sinor> (HH))
{ syn: t’ixub) < Gr synoro(n) cruvopo(v) [cruv- syn-=
’with, co-‘ + op 05 horos = 'boundary'] —> T sinir;
Za sinor m. (Todd) [F/K/A/iFb/B/jj/HH/GF/OK//jB3]
sinot 03 - 4 -* f (-a; ). the members of a ruler's
entourage or court: # Usa ji sinota diwana
bav£ wi (Z-l) So also the members of his father’s
court •Sinota p’ad§§ SvarS beladibe dige (Z-
921) The king's court adjourns (or, disperses,
dissolves) in the evening. ?< Gr synodos ouvoSog
_S
[Z-l] <giregir>
sinur (JB3) = border, limit. See sinor.
sir f. ( ;-e). garlic, bot. Allium sativum : »Te li
ber sire deste xo bi deve xove na, da ben
nehete min? (M-Ak #609, p.276) Was it on
account of the garlic then that you put your hand
over your mouth, so that the smell should not
reach me? {also: [sir] (JJ); <sir>_^ (HH)) Cf. OP
0 aigarci-/ 0 aigraci- = 'third month, May-June,
possibly orig. ‘Garlic-collecting month ’ 1 (Kent/Justi,
ZDMG 51:243); P s!r_^; Sor sir_^_~
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/RZ] <pivaz>
siravik (IFb) = saltwater. See suravk.
sirdim (A/GF) = wild garlic. See sirim.
sirik (IFb/B/GF/TF/Hk) = wild garlic. See sirim.
sirim /. (). wild garlic used as a spice in home
made cheese ; a) chives, bot. Allium
schoenoprasum (IFb); b) bot. Allium rotuntum [T
komuren], {also: sirdim (A/GF- 2 ); sirik (IFb-2/B-
2 /GF/TF/Hk); sirme (B); sirmi (K); sirmok (GF-2);
sirmftk (K- 2 ); <sirik> (HH)) Cf. P muslr
^^j^/sirmuj-^^- = 'shallot, ashkelonian garlic';
Sor sirmoke = ’wild garlic'
[Frq/IFb//A//HH/GF/TF/Hk//B//K] <sir>
sirkut o). wooden garlic press, {also:
sirkutik (IFb/TF); sirkutk (A); <sirkut> oX (HH)}
[Qrj/HH/GF//IFb/TF//A]
sirkutik (IFb/TF) = wooden garlic press. See
sirkut.
sirkutk (A) = wooden garlic press. See sirkut.
sirme (B) = wild garlic. See sirim.
sirmi (K) - wild garlic. See sirim.
••
sirmok (GF) = wild garlic. See sirim.
sirmuk (K) == wild garlic. See sirim.
sis I adj. pure white: -miya sis (Rwn) white
sheep, {also: [sis] (JJ)) {syn: s[i]pi I) cf. ’dark
purple color (A); ’black’ (JJ) [Kg/Rwn/K/IFb/GF]
sis II fj.^ adj. l) {syn: beqem) faded, withered: -sis
bftn (Bw) to fade; to wither [syn: beyin); 2) weak,
faint (IFb/OK). [Bw/K(s)/IFb/OK] <[l] beyin;
[ 2 ]sist>
sisalek (FJ) = vulture. See sisalk.
sisalk JJL™ f. (-a;-e). vulture, {also: simsiyark;
sisalek (FJ); sisarik (TF); sisark (IFb/GF-2/FJ-2); sisik
II (GF- 2 ); sisyarik (GF-2); sisyarok (Btm); sisolek
(IFb- 2 ); [sisalik (Lx)/sursiarik
/simsiyar (PS)] «jl J (JJ); <simsiyarik> JjX
555
(HH)} (syn: kurt II} Sor sisarg ^jL ~~
/sisargekegele [Qrj/GF//JJ-Lx//FJ//
IFb//TF//Btm//HH] <ba§ok; elih; xertel>
sisarik (TF) = vulture. See sisalk.
sisark (IFb/GF/FJ) = vulture. See sisalk.
sisik I L (-a; ). pip, stone, pit (of raisins,
terebinth, dates, apples, peaches, apricots), [also:
sisk (GF)} 1 . 9721 ; dendik} [Krb/IFb/TF//GF]
<dendik>
sisik II J-™, (GF) = vulture. See sisalk.
sisirk f. (). 1 ) (syn: kiristik; kuli} cricket, zool.
Grvllus ; 2) cockroach, zool. Blattidae (Bw). [also:
susirk (IFb-2)) Sor sisirk [Bw/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
sisiya[n] (K) = third. See sisiya.
sisk (GF) = pip, pit (of fruit). See sisik I.
sisolek (IFb) = vulture. See sisalk.
sisyarik (GF) = vulture. See sisalk.
sisyarok (Btm) = vulture. See sisalk.
sitavk f. ( ;-e). umbrella; parasol, [also:
site’vk (B)) [syn: siwan; §emse) [F/K//B]
sit»e f. (-a; ). trap for catching partridges,
consisting of a hole dug in the ground covered
with a wooden trapdoor : -sita kewan (Zeb) do.:
• Dar ft dft ben / existine teda / bftne reben
[sita kewa] (AZ #18, p.34) Wood and two strings
/ were put in it / they became pitiful (or, a
monk/nun) [rdl.: ans.: partridge trap] (also; sut
(AA-2); sute, m. (OK/AA); <sut> (HH); <site
/sut 03 - > (Hej)} Cf. GF sutal/sutar = 'trap’
[Zeb/Hej/AZ//OK/AA//HH] <dav I; telhe; tepik I;
xefik>
site’vk Jl (B) = umbrella. See sitavk.
sitil Jjcw. f. (-a;-§). l) [syn: dewl I; ’elb; helgin (Kr§)}
bucket, pail: large bucket, as opposed to satil =
small bucket (Wn); copper bucket; 2 ) (syn:
mencel) large cauldron; copper kettle (HH); copper
cauldron (JJ). [also: [sitil] (JJ); <sitil> (HH))
Cf. Ar satl Jk* [J/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Wn] <den
I; mencelok; satil; zerik [ 2 ]>
siv (Rh) = apple. See sev.
sivan (Haz/GF/OK) = umbrella. See siwan.
sivand»e f (*a; ). eaves of roof
(Bw/IFb/GF/SK); awning (GF/HH); gutter on roof
(OK), [also: sivande (IFb); sivde (GF- 2 ); sivernek
(Frq); siving (IFb- 2 ); sivirnek (Haz); siwande (SK);
sonder (Erh); <sivde o*xi~/selende ojj±*?/su wander
(HH)) Sor [gwe-/go-]suwane <0 1^44/
(W&E) & suwan[d]e (Hej) = ’eaves’
[B w/GF/OK//IFb//SK//HH//Haz//Frq//Erh]
sivle olL-* (A) = field mouse. See s@vle.
sivlore - (Bw) = field mouse. See sevle.
siwan f. (). umbrella, parasol, [also: Sevang »e f.
(;»e) (B); sivan (Haz/GF-2/OK-2); [seivan] (JJ);
<siwan> (HH)} [syn: sitavk; §emse} cf. P
sayeban yL^jL = shade formed by an arbor, etc.;
canopy; parasol'; Sor seywan = 'large tent;
hut, arbor' [Haz//A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ//B]
<baran; si I>
siwax (F/K) = plaster. See sewax,
sixur m. ( ). 1) porcupine; 2 ) [syn: * casus;
destkis) spy, mole; traitor, [also: [sikor (G)/six'"r
(Lx)] (JJ); <sixur> (HH)} Cf. P sixul
Jsixur= 'porcupine, hedgehog’; Sor
sixuf [Qrj/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/FJ] <juji>
siyar jl™, (F/K/Z-l/Bw) = rider. See siwar.
siyaset oa-L- (K) = politics. See siyaset.
siyaseti ^*^1™ (K/B) = politics. See siyaset.
siyasi (K) = political. See siyasi.
• •
slav JGL (FK-eb- 2 ) = greetings, regards. See silav.
sobahi f. (-ya;-ye). swimming: -sobahi
kirin = to swim, [also: sebahi (Wn); sebani (Qzl-2);
sobai (JB3); sobani (Qzl); sobayi (K/GF/TF/Bt-2);
sobehi (A); sobek’ari (K-2/B); sobelan[i] (Qm§);
sober! (Xrz); some[kari] (QtrE); sovek’ari (F/Rwn);
[sobai ^L-v/sobaiti (JJ); <subahi>
(HH)} [syn: ajne; melevani) Cf. Ar sabaha^-** = ’to
swim'; = Sor mele [IFb/Bt//HH//K/GF?TF//A//
JB3/JJ//B//Wn//Qzl//Qm§//Xrz//QtrE//F/Rwn]
sobahiker (A) = swimmer. See sobek’ar.
sobai (J by* (JB3) = swimming. See sobahi.
• •
sobanek J<objy (A) = swimmer. See sobek’ar.
sobani bjP* (Qzl) = swimming. See sobahi.
• •
sobarber (Msr) = swimmer. See sobek’ar.
^bjy (K/GF/TF/Bt) = swimming. See sobahi.
sobehi (A) = swimming. See sobahi.
sobek’ar m.&f. (). swimmer, [also: sobahiker
(A); sobanek (A-2); sobarber (Msr); sovekar (F);
[soba] L^-wQJ); <suba> b^QHH)} (syn: melevan) < Ar
w
sabaha = 'to swim' & sabbah = 'swimmer'
[Msr//K/B//A//F//JJ//HH] <sobahi>
sobek’ari (K/B) = swimming. See sobahi.
• •
sobelan[i] (Qm§) = swimming. See sobahi.
soberi (Xrz) = swimming. See sobahi.
556
sode f. (). type of small pastry, round, glazed.
[Am] <k’ade>
sofi I m. (-y§; ). 1) sufi, member of one of
several mystical dervish orders: *Ya sofiye
delal (L) My dear old man [lit. 'O dear sufi’] [cher
vieillard]; 2) someone who obeys closely all laws
and rules, a ’stickler' (JJ). {also: [sofi] (JJ);
<sofi> (HH)] < Ar sufi —> T sofu
[L/K/IF/B/JJ/HH]
sofi II Q. side of knucklebone (k’ap II) that
••
sticks out (hildayi) [T yiiz iistii - a§ik kemiginin
gukur tarafinm yere gelmesi hali]. { syn: pik
(Qzl/A/GF/TF)) l^gik) [Wn] <k’ap II>
sohbet (K/B) = conversation, talk. See suKbet.
sohr (HR-I) = red. See sor.
sohrik (TF) = measles. See sorik.
sohtin (A) = to burn (vt.) . See sotin.
sofibet (JBl-A) = conversation, talk. See
suKbet.
sol /sol [SK-2/HH] /. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn:
meras (K§/Plt); p’elav; qondere) shoe(s); plastic
shoe |as opposed to qondere = leather shoe ) (Rh);
boot(s): *Bo min du zengilan binin. De bi
sere sola xo we dirtim da deng bihet,
meru biRelen, piye min nekewite ser wan
(SK 38:337) Bring me two bells and I shall sew
them onto my shoes so that they ring, the ants run
away and my foot may not fall on them •Pa§i
Derw6§ c Ali ji hat. Wextd hate jor, solet
xo helgirtin, inane naw meclise, li ber xo
danan. Xelke fiazir bun gotine [sic] Derwe§
‘Ali, "‘Ali, ewe gi ye? Te bo gi ewe kir? Li
Kuzora cenabd muctahid sol danan li ber
xo §oleki munasib niye." Derwe§ c Ali got,
"BelS, ez ji dizanim kiret e, be edebi ye,
muxalifi ‘adete cS ye, emma gi bikem?
Qare niye, dibit bikem, gunku zemane
MuKemmed xelki sol@t xo dibirine
mizgewte, li ber xo didanan, ji tirsa §i c an
da nedizin" (SK 60:717) Then Dervish Ali came.
When he entered, he picked up his shoes and
brought them into the assembly, and put them
down. The assembled group said to Dervish Ali,
"Ali, what is this? Why did you do that? To put
one’s shoes down in the presence of the
Jurisprudent is not proper." Dervish Ali said, "Yes,
I too know it is ugly, disrespectful, and contrary to
local custom, but what can I do? I have no choice,
I must do it, because in the time of Muhammad,
people brought their shoes into the mosque and
put them down, lest the Shiites steal them"; 2 )
horseshoe (B/JJ/GF). {also: [sol] (JJ); <sol>
(HH)] Cf. NA sawilta = 'shoe'; sole = 'pair of
shoes' (Christian Urmi: my informant) & Heb
sulyah jT ?*10 = 'sole (of shoe)'
[Ks/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK/Rh//HH]
<garox = k’alik II; kelej I; sapok; §ekal; §irox>
solbend m. Q. 1 ) {syn: nalbend) blacksmith,
one who shoes horses; 2 ) bootmaker, cobbler,
shoemaker. { also: [sol-bend] jllJ^ (JJ)) {solbendi}
[Bw/K/B/JJ/GF/OK/RZ]
solbendi f ( ;-ye). 1 ) profession of a •
• •
blacksmith, shoeing horses; 2 ) profession of a
cobbler, {syn: nalbendi) [B/GF] <solbend>
solin I /. (-a; ). subterranean clay water pipe
or conduit (Bw/JJ). {also: [solina] (JJ)] <Arc
silon “p^O & Syr silona hoSjSd = 'gutter, duct,
pipe, tube, channel' <Gr solen aa)/\.r|V = 'channel,
gutter, pipe’ [Bw/JJ] <k’arez>
solin II ^Jy^/solin tyJjp* [Bw] /. (). 1 ) flower bud
on the verge of blooming { phase of development
between bi$koj [bud] and gul [flower]; cf balete
for a similar concept regarding fruit ] (Bw); 2) field
of flowers (IFh/OK). {also: soline (IFb/OK)) Perhaps
so named due to resemblance hetween flower buds
and water conduits? [Bw/IFb/TF/OK] <bi§koj [2];
gul>
soline (IFb/OK) = flower bud. See solin II.
some (QtrE) = swimming. See sobahi.
somekari (QtrE) = swimming. See sobahi.
ft*
somer f. (). unit of measure (B); Turkish
measure for grain (JJ); 16 kods = 1 somer (JJ); unit
of weight equal to 10-12 Russian poods (1 pood =
16.38 kg. or appr. 36 lb. avoirdupois), equal to the
load of a beast of burden (K). {also: [somar]
(JJ)) Cf. T somar [Amasva; trabzon; Rize; artvin;
Kars; Erzincan; Erzurum] = 'grain measure equal to
16 kilograms' (DS, v. 10 ) [K/B//JJ] <kod>
sond f (-a;-e). oath, vow: # Ez te bi xud§
didem e sbnde ko ji §olet min bi te kiri
gerdena min aza ke (SK 9:89) I conjure you by
God to pardon me for everything I have done to
you *Te bi sere mire §eqlawe sunde, we
car§ b@-edebiya me bibex§e (SK 13:127) We
557
s_
conjure you by the head of the Mir of Shaqlawa,
forgive our rudeness this time; -sond xwarin = to
swear, take an oath [cf. P sogand khordan
; T and igmek]: # Bira sond xar, ku
tigtek ser§ Osib nae (Ba) The brothers swore
that nothing would happen to Joseph •Digin e-
naw besta beran, gawet xo dimiginin, peg
pag digin, paniya piye wan gehegt e kigk
beri de inin, bi teraziyS kegin, gend der-
kewt de sundeki [sic] mezin u kiret xot ko,
"fletta bi-qeder giraniya wi berey pare-y
zfir yan ziw neinim nah§mewe" (SK 12:117)
They go to the vale of stones, shut their eyes, go
back and forth and, whichever stone the heel of
their foot touches, they will bring it and weigh it in
a balance and, however much it turns out, they
will swear a mighty and ugly oath that, "I shall not
return until I bring the weight of this stone in gold
or silver.” {also: sind (Bw); sund (JB3); sund
(A/SK); [sond] (JJ); <sond> (HH)} 1 syn:
qesem) [Pok. kau-/k6u-/ku~ 535.] 'to howl; to cry
(of birds)'--words beginning with palatal, p. 535-36,
as supplemented by M. Schwartz: Indo-Iranian and
Baltic *Reuk- = 'to call out, proclaim': Proto Ir
*saukauta-; Av *saokanta- = 'oath' (<Vsauk); Sgd
swk’nt [sokand]; Khwarezmian sknt; Mid P sogand
(M3); Baluchi sauYan/sogind; P sogand Sor
swend [sond] Za suand (Lx)/suwend m.
(Mai). See: M. Schwartz. “Pers. saugand Xurdan,
etc. c to take an Oath’ (Not * c to drink sulphur’),” in:
Etudes Irano-Aryennes offertes a Gilbert lazard
(Paris: Association pour l’avancement des etudes
iraniennes, 1989), pp. 293-95.
[F/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH//Bw//A/SK//JB3]
sond«e f. (• a; ). water hose: -sonda ave (Dh)
do. (syn: marpig) Sor sonde (HG)
[Dh/OK/AA]
sonder jo^J-*(Erh) = eaves. See sivande.
sondxwari m. (). 1) (syn: hevalbend) ally;
2) /pi./the Allies (during World War II): «Mela
hikfimeta we ji k§ re g&tir heye, ji
elemanan re an ji sondxwariyan re? (Rnh)
Who is your government in favor of, the Germans
or the Allies? {also: sondxweri (K); sundxwari
(JB3)) [Rnh//K//JB3]
sondxweri (K) = ally. See sondxwari.
sone /sone [SK] m.&f. (). drake (m.), duck
(f.): •Qllln Ketta gegtine gomekd. Ditin [sic]
soneyek di gome da melewani diket (SK
4:39) They went until they came to a pond. They
saw a drake swimming in the pond, [also: [sona]
<0$-* (JJ)) {syn: miravi (K[s]); werdek) Cf. T siine =
'drake'; Sor sone 'duck, drake'
[K/A/lFb/GF//SK//JJ]
sor jj^ adj. 1) red: -sor kirin = a) to heat up, make
red hot: # giged sorkiri (Dz) red-hot skewers; b)
to roast: •Berxek gerjekirin ... avStin
hindur£ firne, qenc sor kirin H anin ji B.
re (L) They slaughtered a lamb ... threw it in the
oven, roasted it well, and brought it to B; 2) hot,
spicy (regardless of color) (Dy): -back§ sor (Dy)
hot pepper, [also: sohr (HR-I); [sor] (JJ); <sor>
(HH)) Cf. Southern Tati dialects: Chali sur; P
sorx^-*; Sor sur = ’red, burnt (bricks) 1 ; Hau
sur (M4) (sorahi; sorani III; sorayi; sort; <sorahi>
(HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/Dy//
HH//HR-I] <gevez>
sorahi ^Gi-* (K) = redness. See sorayi.
••
Sorani I (). central dialect of Kurdish, spoken
in Iraq and Iran. This dialect is referred to as the
‘southern dialect’ by some, and as the central
dialect by MacKenzie, who calls the dialect of
Kermanshah and environs the southern dialect of
Kurdish. Mukri is a sub-dialect of Sorani, spoken
in Iran. The main cities in which Sorani is spoken
include Sulaimaniyah, Kirkuk, Arbil (Hewler) in
Iraq, and Mehabad, Hamadan, and Sanandaj
(Sineh) in Iran. Soran is a small region near Arbil,
famous for its swords. [K/A/IFb]
sorani II ^ Gj-* £ (-ya;-ye). 1) (syn: gur) sword: »L§
ewi bin qap’flte xweda soraniya xwe
vegartibll (Z-l) But he had hidden his sword
underneath his overcoat; 2) type of dagger.
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B]
sorani III (K) = redness. See sorayi.
• •
sorayi jj- f. (). redness, {also: sorahi (K); sorani III
(K-2); sori (K-2/GF); <sorahi> (HH))
[K/B//HH] <sor>
soret oo(SK) = face. See suret.
sorgul I m. (). type of wheat, very good for
making bulgur (cracked wheat germ) [ji savar re
y
gelek bag e]. {also: <surgul> J(Hej))
[Qzl/A/IFb//Hej] <genim>
\
558
1
sorik f. ( ;-e). measles: -sorik derxistin (B)
to come down with the measles; -sorika k’etin
(B) do. {also: sohrik (TF); sorik (Ak); surik (IFb-2);
[sorik] (JJ); <sorik> (HH)) {syn; birov)
[K/ A/JB 3 /IFb/B / JJ/GF//HH/ /Ak//TF]
soring Jj> f ( ;-e). plant and dye on the back of
sheep and goats after they have been shorn,
madder, bot. Rubia tinctorum: *berane
soringkiri (Qzl) ram dyed with madder «Gelek
xun ji lege wi gubu u berfa ku ew li ser
direj bftbft, mina soringe xweya dikir
(Cankurd: RN 2 56 [1998)12) He had lost a lot of
blood, and the snow he was lying on resembled
red madder, {also: sorink (GF-2); [sorink]
(JJ); <soring> (Hej)l = Sor ronyas ^Lojj
[RN2/Qzl/A/IFb/GF/Hej//JJ] <batov>
sorink j (GF/JJ) = madder. See soring.
sorigk J(AA/OK) = esophagus. See sorigk.
sori (K/GF) = redness. See sorayi.
♦ ♦
sorigik (A)/sorigik (HH) = esophagus.
See sorigk.
sorigk f (-a; ). esophagus, gullet, {also:
sorigk (AA/OK); sorigik (A); sorsorik (GF/OK-
2/Kmc-7); sorsork (AA-2/A-2); surigk (K);
<sorigik> (HH)1 {syn: zengeluk [3]} Sor
surengik /surene
[Zeb/IFb//AA/OK//RF]
sorik ciLj>~ (Ak) = measles. See sorik.
sorsorik (GF/OK/Kmc-7) = esophagus. See
sorigk.
sorsork (AA/A) = esophagus. See sorigk.
soryas f (). type of plant : asphodel [T girig]
(Prw), has head like an onion, is sticky [gif], glue is
made from it (Zeb); wild garlic (CB/Hej); mountain
garlic (GF); haem an thus hybridus [Ar basal al-hans
J^] (AA); edible plant put in rice or bulgur
[savar] (Dh/Hej). {also: soryaz
(IFb/GF/OK/CB/AA); suryaz (CB- 2 ); <soryaz>
(HH); <sorpaz jb^/soryas soryaz
(Hej)l {syn; gulik) [Bw/Dh/Zeb/Hej//Prw/
IFb/GF/OK/CB/AA//HH] <sir; girez>
soryaz (IFb/GF/OK/CB/AA) = asphodel. See
soryas.
sosin f. ( ;-§). 1 ) lily, bot. Lilium ; blue fragrant
flower (HH); 2 ) woman's name, {also: [sosin]
(JJ); <susin> (HH)) < Ar sawsan = 'lily of
the valley'; Sor sosen = 'autumn crocus’
_S
[Z-l/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//HH] <gul; kulilk>
sosiret (Z-2) = marvel, wonder; shame,
disgrace. See sosret.
sosret f* (" a; ). 1 ) {syn: 'eceb) marvel,
wonder, strange and wondrous thing (IF/JJ); a
person or thing whose appearance is ridiculous or
peculiar (IFb): # Ve 'eceba giran, sosireta
mezin bi g’e’ve xwe dibine (Z- 2 ) He sees that
marvel, great wonder with his own eyes--(in
context, what he saw could also have been a great
disgrace, see [2]) ; 2 ) {also: sosreti (B)) {syn: 'et’ib;
fedi; fehet; germ) shame, disgrace (K); 3) [adj.]
shameful, disgraceful (B). {also: sosiret (Z-2);
[sosret] (JJ); [ 2 ] sosreti (B)}
[Z-2//K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF]
sosreti (B) = shame, disgrace. See sosret [2].
sotin /sotin (_y^ [M/SK- 2 ] vt. (-soj-/-so-[B]).
1 ) {syn: gewitandin) to burn (vt.) (lit. & fig.) :
•Agir-alave dil-Kinave Q. birava disotin
(Z-l) The fire and flames burnt (fig.) the hearts of
Q. [and] his brothers •Rojek[e] kotir gelek
xemgir bo ji-ber kejiket xo. ... fa-bu, gtt
nik qele, ...kotire got, "Tu nizani cawa
gerge min bo bicuket xo disojit" (SK 3:20)
One day the pigeon was very sad about her chicks.
...She got up and went to see the crow, ...The
pigeon said, "You don’t know how my heart burns
for my chicks’’; 2 ) in past tense, in southern
dialects, often has intransitive meaning 'to be
burnt', also fig. 'to undergo an unpleasant
experience (and to have been burnt as a
consequence)': »Agir ber-da menzila me§an,
xaniye wi niwek sot, meget wi, ko zirk§te
bun, sotin (SK 35:321) He set fire to the room
with the bees. Half of his house was burnt and his
bees (which were wasps) were burnt; 3) {syn:
biragtin) to roast, broil; 4) {syn; dax kirin) to brand
(with a branding iron) (IFb). {also: sohtin (A); sutin
[3] (A- 2 ); [sotin] (JJ); csohtin (disoje)
(HH)) [Pok. keu-; Rau-; ku- 595.] 'to
ignite, kindle, burn down' (cf. Gr kaio kcxico = 'to
burn’) & [Pok. Reuk- 597.] 'to shine; to glow; to be
bright or white' (cf. Skt VSuc [socati] = 'to shine,
flame, gleam, glow, burn' & soka- m. = 'sorrow,
anguish, pain'): O Ir *sauk- (Tsb 40): Av saok-
(pres. saoca-); Sgd pres, stem soc-; P suxtan
(-suz-) (j*-) = ’to burn’ (vi.) but (vt) in
559
s
Afghanistan.; Sor sutan = ’to burn (vi.J &
sutandin (jAib^ = 'to burn, eliminate (Vt./; Hau
sotey (sog-) vi. (M4); cf. also Mid P sog (M3) =
'burning, combustion' & P sug = 'sorrow, grief
[BX/Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/BK//A//M//HH]
<kuzirandin; sutin; §ewitin>
sovekar j15a^ (F) = swimmer. See sobek’ar.
sovek’ari (F/Rwn) = swimming. See sobahi.
sovet (EP-7) = (soviet) advice, counsel. See
sovet.
sov@t /. (-a;-e). (soviet) advice, counsel:
-T 5 i aqa Sovete (B) Soviet Union, {also: sovet
(EP-7); sovit; soviyet; sovyat; sowyet (IFb)l < Rus
sovet coBeT [EP-7/K/B//IFb] <§iret>
Sov§tistan f. (). USSR, the Soviet Union.
{also: Soviyetistan; Sovyetistan; Sowyetistan (IFb))
( syn: T’ifaqa Sovete) [K/JB3//IFb]
sovit = (soviet) advice, counsel. See sovet.
soviyet 04 J 5 - = (soviet) advice, counsel. See sovet.
Soviyetistan = Soviet Union. See
SovStistan.
sovyat oLS- = (soviet) advice, counsel. See sovet.
Sovyetistan = Soviet Union. See
SovStistan.
sowyet 0 ^ (IFb) = (soviet) advice, counsel. See
sovet.
Sowyetistan (IFb) = Soviet Union. See
Sovetistan.
soxte (IFb) = religious student. See suxte.
soyar jbj^* (Ba 2 ) = rider. See siwar.
soz m./f.(Zeb/Hk) (-e/-a; ). promise, one's word:
-soz dan = to give one's word, to promise: *Le
Memei t’u soz nedida heval§d xwe (Z-l) But
Mem didn’t promise bis friends anything *Mir S.
soze Zine ji da C’ekan (Z-l) prince S.
promised Zin to Chekan [in marriage]; -soz§ xwe
kirin yek (K) to agree, be of one mind I syn: qima
xwe anin). {also: [souz] (JJ); <soz> ^ (HH)[ < T
soz = 'word, utterance; promise'
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
spartin vt. (-sper-/-sip£r-[B]). 1) to entrust,
commit, hand over, deliver (s.o./stg. to s.o.) :
•Min tu siparti xwede (L) I have entrusted you
to god [parting formula] [cf. T alla[ha]ismarladik];
2 ) to lean, support (vt) (stg. against a wall, etc.)
(BK): -xwe spartin diwer (K) to lean (vi.) against
the wall. { also: sipartin (L/IFb/GF/BK); [sipartin]
OUL*, (JJ); <spartin (y (dispire) (HH))
Cf. P sepordan (-separ-) Sor sipardin
(-siper-) [K/A/JB3//L/IFb/B/JJ/GF/BK]
spas f (). 1) thanks: -spas kirin (K/IFb/GF) to
thank, {also: sipas (K-2/A/IFb-2/GF/TF/OK-2)) <P
sepas = ’thanks(giving); praise'; Sor sipas
^L^/supas ^b^; cf. also Rus spasibo cnacHbo
[(neol)K/IFb/ok//A/GF/TF]
spasdar j)a~L*, adj. grateful, thankful: *Xisilsi ji we
re geleki spasdar im, ku hun bi Welat riya
me ya azadi d serxwebdne ronahi dikin
(Wit 2:59, p.2) I am especially grateful to you for
lighting our way to freedom and independence
through Welat [the newspaper], {also: sipasdar (TF))
<P sepasdar j)a~L*,; Sor sipaskar jljCL*, (spasdari)
[(neol)Wlt/OK//TF] <be nan u xwe; spas>
spasdari f. (). gratefulness, gratitude,
6 S
thankfulness. [IFb/OK] <spasdar>
spehi adj. pretty, beautiful, [also: espehi (L);
sipehi (IFb-2/TF); sipeyi (IFb-2); [sipehi] (JJ);
* s
<spelii> (HH)] (syn: bedew; cindi; gurci;
k’ele§ III; xwe§ik) ?<Ar sablh^-yp = 'handsome’,
pi. sibah^L^; Cf. NENA spaj [spay] (Urmia -
Polotsky) = 'well, good' & spahin (Zakho -
Polotsky) = 'beautiful, handsome' {spebiti; [sipehiti]
(JJ)) [L//BX/K/A/JB3/IFb/GF//JJ/TF//HH]
<delal>
spehiti /. (). beauty, [also: sipehiti (IFb/TF);
€ *
[sipehiti] Cj As& r , (JJ)) {syn: bedewti)
[K/JB3//IFb/JJ/TF] <spehi>
sped*e f. ( ;•§). (early) morning; sunrise,
dawn: *spede ba§! (Bw) good morning! »spede
(JBl-A) the following morning •Subahi sipede
wexte em bigine ser §oli, ew k’ese ewwili
bet, di w£r£ ra biborit, erne girin (M-Zx
#774) Tomorrow at dawn, when we go to work,
we shall seize the first person who comes along
and passes by there, {also: sipede (IFb-2/GF-2);
[speda] )a^ (JJ)) (sj/n: berbang; elind; ferec; sere
sibe; §ebeq) Cf. P seflde-dem ^ oj^v/seplde-dem
= 'dawn'; Sor sipide oa^«, - 'first glow of
dawn’ [Bw/K/IFb/(JBl-A)/SK/GF/OK//JJ] <sibeh;
spi I>
spehidar (A) = poplar tree. See sipindar.
spene (Zeb/IFb-2) = wedge. See sip£ne.
spetirk J> 4 ^ (Snd) = ladder; stairs. See p’estirk.
spih (JB3/IFb) = louse (pi. lice). See spi II.
560
s
spindar (GF) = poplar. See sipindar.
sping cjSL-w (A/IFb/OK) = meadow salsify. See siping.
spink JL™ (E§) = meadow salsify. See siping.
spi I adj. white: -spi kirin (Bw) to peel (e.g., a
banana) {syn; ji qelp kirin}. {also: sipi 1
(AB/A/B/F/GF/TF); [sipi ^/ispi ^1] (JJ); <sipi>
(HH)} {syn.' sis [ 1 ]} [Pok. 3. kuei- 628.] 'white;
to shine': Skt sveta- ; Proto Ir *suaita-: Av spaeta-;
Sgd sp’yt [spet]; Pahl spet; P sefld AJuVsepld a^;
Sor sipi Za sipe/sipe (Todd/Mal); cf. also Arm
spitak (W: sbidag) uujftimuli (<Pahl/Mid P); Old
Eng hwlt --> Eng white {spitayi; spiti; [spiyati
(JJ); <sipitahi> c yfcL™ (HH)}
[K/JB3/IFh/SK//AB/F/A/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <gil-sipT;
qerqa§>
spi II f. (-a;-y§). louse (pi. lice), zool.
Pediculus. | also: sipih (IFb- 2 /TF); sipi II (A/B); spih
(JB3/IFb); [sipi C5r ./ispi (JJ); <siph> ^ (HH)}
Cf. Southern Tati dialects (all f. ): Chali, Takestani.
Eshtehardi, & Xiaraji espeja; Sagz-ahadi esbeja
(Yar-shater); P sepes jLa; Sor espe Za i§pij
f. (Todd)/espici & espiji & ispide f. (Mal);Hau
he§pi§i f. (M4) [K/Msr//A/B/JJ//JB3/IFb//HH//TF]
<gene; keg’; nutik; ri§k>
spigik (IFb) = egg white. See spilik I.
spigok (IFb) = egg white. See spilik I.
spig’oleki (K2-Ferik) = pale. See spig’olki.
spig’olki ^0^™ adj. pale, faded: *Li rue Nure
spig’oleki diniherim (K2-Ferik) I look at Nur’s
pale face; -spig’olki bfin (K/F/B) to pale, fade
(vi.) . {also: sipigolk (A/GF); sipig’olki (B/F);
spig’oleki (K2-Ferik)} {K2-Ferik//K//A/GF//F/B]
spidar (A/JJ) = poplar tree. See sipindar.
spik (K) = egg white. See spilik I.
spilik I f. (-a; ). albumen, egg white, white (of
egg): -spilka heke (Dh) do. {also: s[i]pigik (IFb);
sipik (OK/GF-2); sipil[i]k (GF); spigok (lFb-2); spik
(K); [sipik] (JJ); <spilik> (Hej)} Sor
sipene {Bw/Dh/Hej//GF//IFb//OK/JJ//K] <hek;
zerik II>
spilik II f. (-a; ). white meat (of poultry),
{also: <spilik> (Hej)} [Bw/Hej] <go§t;
miri§k>
spindar jIaa-* (A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK) = poplar tree. See
sipindar.
spink d-A-v (GF) = meadow salsify. See siping.
spitayi f. Q. whiteness, {also: sipiti (TF); spiti
(K) ; spiyati (GF); [spiyati ^L^/sipitai (JJ);
<sipitahi>^lA~ (HH)} [K//JJ/GF//HH//TF] <spil>
spiti (K) = whiteness. See spitayi.
spiyati ^ (GF/JJ) = whiteness. See spitayi.
m *
stambuli (Qzl->Nsb) = tomato. See
stemboli.
standin ^aLa vt. (-stin- / -st&n-). l) { syn: girtin)
to take by force , seize, grab: •MamS Rezgo
gend ti§tet ji lawe namerd standibun,
hemi dane wi (SK 37:333) Mam Razgo gave the
cowardly youth all the things which had been
taken from him »We qiza te ija ji te bistine
(L) He will take your daughter from you this time
•Xelke wi gundi qewi ‘ezman-direj ft
cablos u be-§erm in, digine hemi ciyan,
digeryen, dixazin u eger mumkin bit
didizin d distinin (SK 12:114) The people of
that village are very impudent and cunning and
shameless, they go everywhere and wander about
begging and, if possible, stealing and taking things;
-jin standin = to marry a woman (said of a man)
{syn: jin anin); -tol standin (K/JJ/GF/OK) [+ji]: a)
to take revenge (on), avenge o.s. (on), pay (s.o.)
back for: »[£j belku ez de ve tole bi izna
Xwede ji Zeman Xane AyrUmi bistinim]
(JR #39,120) And perhaps with God's permission
I will take revenge on Zeman Khan the Ayrumi;
2) {syn: wergirtin) to obtain, get, receive; 3) (syn:
k’ifin) to buy. {also: stendin (A/B); [istandin
^ jjUJ/sitandin ^ jjIa] (JJ); <standin jjolk*
(distine) (HH)} Cf. P setadan
(-setan-) Sor sandin (-sen-)/estandin
jaIjaaj (-esten-); Hau esay (esan-) vt. = 'to take,
buy’ (M4). The basic meaning is 'to take by force’,
but the other meanings are under influence ofT
aimak = 'to take, obtain , buy' [K/jB3/lFb/SK/jBi-s/
GF//HII//A/B//JJ]
stang JjIa (GF/Hej) = hornet. See st§ng.
steirk *±l - star. See ster.
stekan jlT^A (B/GF) = tea glass. See istekan.
stemboli f. (). tomato, {also: stambuli (Qzl
•
->Nsb)} {syn: bacane sor; firing!; §amik) < Istanbul
[Nsb//Xurs (between Qzl & Mardin)]
stendin (A/B) = to take; to receive; to buy. See
standin.
stewil f. (JB3) = horse stable. See stewl.
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s_
stewir adj. sterile, infertile, barren (of animals) :
•g’Qleka stewr (B) sterile cow. [also: stewr
(JB3/IFb/B/RZ); stuwir (Zeb); [isteour] (JJ)}
(syn;beber) {stewrayi; stewri; [isteouri] (JJ))
[K/A//JB3/IFb/B/RZ//JJ] cbeweg; bezuret; xir§>
stewl m.(K)/f.(JB3) (-§/ ; ). stable (for horses).
( also: sitewil (IFb); stewil, f. (JB3)1 {syn: pange [ 1 ];
t’ewlexane) Cf. Ar istabl JJaJ [K/GF//JB3//IFb]
<extexane; naxir>
stewr (JB3/IFb/B/RZ) = sterile. See stewir.
stewrayi (B) = sterility. See stewri.
stewri (SJ3 <^ f. (). sterility, barrenness, infertility (of
animals), [also: stewrayi (B); [isteouri] (JJ))
[K/IFb//B//JJ] <stewir>
steyr (K) = star. See st§r.
steyrk -J^ax- (B) = star. See ster.
st§ng m. (). hornet: •Tiji §kefteki / hesp£t
eni gal in [Steng] (AZ p.61:20) A cave full of /
horses with dented foreheads [rdl.; anshornets],
[also: stang (GF); [stenk] (JJ); <stang
JjLw/steng JoA^/sting (Hej)} [syn: moz I)
[AZ/IFb/OK//JJ//GF/Hej] <zilketk>
st§r f. (-a;-§). star: •Ezman bi stdran
dixemile (AB) The sky is adorned with stars
• ftesabe tav u teyrS gole u steyrkd
‘ezmana hene, fiesabe minara t’une (EP-
7:7:186) One could count the beasts and birds of
the wilderness and the stars in the heavens, but one
could not count the minarets *steirkeke ge§ (EP-
7) a bright star, [also: estere; ester (A-2); estir(e);
hesterik (MK); siterik (TF); steirk; steyr (K); steyrk
(B); sterk I; stewerk (FK-kk-13); [istirk] J (JJ);
<ster> (HH)} [Pok 2 . st§r- 1027.] ’star’: Skt
tri/strl; Av acc. sg. stlram, gen. staro; Mid P starag
(M3); Southern Tati dialects (all f. ): Chali sari;
Takestani astaria; Eshtehardi esdara; Ebrahim-abadi
& Sagz-abadi estaria (Yar-shater); P setareh 0 j Lw;
Sor estere oZa istare m. (Todd); Hau hesare
m. (M4); cf. also Lat Stella; Gr aster cxcnrjp; Arm astl
imnnq [AB/A/JB3/IFb/HH/SK/GF//K//B//JJ//
FK-kk-13] <hiv; kadiz; Qurix; roj; §ev I>
sterik J(Haz) = tears. See h§stir I.
sterk I J = star. See st§r.
sterk II (Msr) = tears. See h§stir I.
stewerk J(FK-kk-13) = star. See st§r.
stiran I ^ vt. (-stir§- / -stir- [JB3/B]/-ster-
[IF]). 1) [syn: kilam gotin; lelandin) to sing: »Ew
zef ba§ distire (F) He sings very well ®Ji xwe
re li tembtir§ dixe h distir§ (L) He plays to
himself on the tambour and sings; 2) {syn: kilam)
[f] song (Bw): -stranan gotin (Bw) to sing, {also:
sitirandin (TF); stirandin; stirin (-stir-[JB3]/-ster-
[IFb]) (JB3/IFb); stran I (-stre-) (K/GF/Bw); [istiran
q\ _>xJ/istirin (JJ); <sitran> j)^ (HH)) [Pok.
1. kleu- 605.] ’to hear’: Av pres, stem srawaiia- =
’to proclaim, recite’; P sorudan Sor sitran
q \= ’lay, ballad, song’. For other examples of
str- from original *sr- See stir! I & strfl.
[L/F/A/B//JB3/IFb//JJ//K/GF/Bw//HH//TF]
<kilam; muzik>
stiran II q)^ vt. (-stire-). to knead (dough):
•Hev!r giqas! bistireyi, nan§ w§ te’m dibe
(Dz-#664) The more you knead the dough, the
tastier the bread will be [prvj eva heye
Cizira Botane, / hev!rtir§k§ xwe ji xhn§
strane (EP-7) Mem, this is Jizirah of Bohtan, / [Its
inhabitants] knead their dough with blood, {also:
histiran (BK); sitirihan[din] (TF); stirhandin (GF-2);
stran II (K/EP-7); strandin (IFb/GF)) {syn: hevir
kirin; §elan [1]) [B//EP-7/K//IFb/GF//TF//BK]
<hevir; hevirtir§>
stiranbej jfL j!^ m. (). singer, {syn: §air [2]) {also:
stiran van (A); stranbej (K/IF)) [K/IF//A]
stirandin jjjl = to sing. See stiran I.
stiranvan jlfcl(A) = singer. See stiranbej.
stirhandin (GF) = to knead. See stiran II.
stirih a jxw (GF) = animal horn. See strfl.
stir! I f.(K)/m.(B/JB3) (). l) [syn: diri; k[’]elem
♦ ♦
II) thorn; thornbush: •[hwina bako awan de-bu da
qabre mamu u zlne darki istri] (HM) Bako Awan’s
blood became a thornbush on the grave of Mamu
and Zine; -sturi dayin (B) to take ill (of cattle) ; 2)
[syn: dirik; dirimok (Haz); ture§k) bramble,
blackberry, bot. Rubus fruticosus [T bogurtlen]
(IF/JJ) [sturi/stri]; 3) [syn: das! [1]) fishbone (Bw).
[also: istri (HM); sitiri (IF-2); stri I (K/JB3/IF-2);
stroh; sturi I (B/IF-2); sturu I; [istiri ^x-J/stiri <^^1
(JJ); <sitri> (HH)) [Pok. 1. ker- 574.] ’horn,
head; with derivatives referring to horned animals,
horn-shaped objects, and projecting parts’: Sor
estiri ^^u-aj/hestiri = name applied to
•i ■«
varies of thistles and thorny shrubs, for another
example of str- from original *sr- See stiran I.
See: Alan J. Nussbaum. Head and Horn in Indo-
562
s
European (Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1986), 305 p.
[A/IFb/Bw//HM//K/JB 3//B//HH] See also strfl.
stiri II (K) = animal horn. See str£L
stirin (-stir-[JB3]/-ster-[IFb}) (JB3/IFb) = to sing.
See stiran I.
stiru j 3 ^«(GF) = animal horn. See strti.
sti f. (-ya;-ye). 1 ) lady, madam: -Stiya Zin (Z-
2) Lady Zin, in the folk romance Mem u Zin; 2)
wife of a priest or imam (K); wife or daughter of a
nobleman (beg) or religious personage (B); 3) a
woman's name (K); Zin's sister in some versions of
the folk romance Mem u Zin (IFb). {also: [siti] . ju,
Ui ^
(JJ)) < clq Ar sittl { j^ = 'my lady'
[Z-2 /K/JB 3 /IFb//B/JJ]
stojpu. (JB3/IFb/QK)/sto jW (M-Zx/JBl-A) = nape,
neck. See stu.
stol f. (-a; ). navy, fleet (of ships) :
•serfermandare stola emerikani (RN) the
commander-in-chief of the American navy. < Ar
ustul = ‘fleet’ < Gr stolos ot6,\og = 'navy, fleet'
[RN/K/GF] <cengke§ti; gemi; Ke§t[i]>
stow= nape, neck. See stu.
stran I jl^ (-stre-) (K/GF/Bw) = to sing; song. See
stiran I.
stran II (K/EP-7) = to knead (dough) . See stiran
II.
stranbej jlj)(K/IF) = singer. See stiranbej.
strandin (IFb/GF) = to knead. See stiran II.
stri I (K/JB3/IFb) = thorn. See stir! I.
• •
stri II ^y^ (K) = animal horn. See strii.
stroh = thorn. See stiri I.
stru = animal horn. See stift.
str£L^^_~ m. (-[y]§; ). horn (of an animal) : «Eze ji
strue xwe tujkim (J) As for me, I will sharpen
my horns »[Zani ku mar ktiviyek dabeland
1§ strfiy£n [sterene] wi negftne xware ft
mane li gewriya wi da u je aciz bu] (BG,
p.25) He understood that the snake had swallowed
a wild animal, but its horns bad not gone down
and had stayed in his throat and he was suffering
from this; -Keywanet§ sturi (B) horned animals.
{also: sitirih (IFb-2/TF); stirih (GF-2); stiri II; stiru
(GF); stri II (K); stru; sture (F); sturi II (B); sturu II;
usturi; [oustouri] (JJ); <stroh> (HH);
[stero] (BG)) [syn: qog’) [Pok. 1. ker- 574.] ’horn,
head; with derivatives referring to horned animals,
horn-shaped objects, and projecting parts': Skt
Srnga- rz.; Av sru-/sruua- f - 'fingernail; horn’; Mid
P sru = 'horn, nail, prong’; P sa/uru j^/sariin
Za istre m . (Todd)/istere & istri & i§tirfm. (Mai); cf.
also Lat cornu n.; Gr keras Kepotg [gen. keratos
KcpotTog); Germ Horn, for another example of str-
from original *sr- See stiran I. See: Alan J.
Nussbaum. Head and Horn in Indo-European
(Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1986), 305 p.
[J/JB3/IFb/OK//GF//K//F//B//JJ//HH//TF] See also
stir! I, <k’ol IV>
strd-§kesti ^y^ adj. with a broken horn (of
m m
animals) . [EP-4] <stru>
stu (K/L/B) = nape, neck. See stu.
stukir (K/SK/OK) = nape of neck. See stukur.
stukur f (-a;-e). nape of neck: «Des[t] di
sukire werand ku de magi ket (M-Ak #534,
p.242) He put his arm around 'her’ neck, intending
to kiss ’her’ *Mari ji xo li stukira riwi aland
(SK 2 : 11 ) And the snake wound itself round the
fox’s neck, {also: histukur (IFb- 2 ); stukir (K-
2/SK/OK); stukurk (IFb-2/Kmc-6); sukir (M-Ak);
sukur II (Ak); [oustoukour] (JJ)) {syn: pa§stu;
p’ate I) [Ak//M-Ak//K/IFb/B// Kmc- 6 //SK/OK//JJ]
<stu>
sture O(F) = animal horn. See stru.
sturi I (B/IF) = thorn. See stiri I.
••
sturi II (B) = animal horn. See strti.
••
sturu = thorn. See stiri I.
sturu II- animal horn. See stru.
stuwir (Zeb) = sterile. See stewir.
stuxar - miserable, unhappy. See stuxwar.
stnxwar (K) = miserable, unhappy. See
sttixwar.
stuxwari (K) = misery, unhappiness, distress.
• •
See sthxwari.
stfi ja> x-v m . (-[y]e; ). neck, nape of the neck:
•Kegelok pi§ta stue xwe xorand u hat (L)
Kechelok scratched the back of his head [lit. ’neck’]
[in bewilderment] and came; -sthy§ xwe dir§j
kirin = to crane one's neck to see stg. [lit. 'to
stretch out one’s neck']: *[The villain Bek'o is
about to get what he deserves. He is brought to
Mem and Zin’s open grave, and sees the smile of
love on their faces] Bek’o sty§ xwe dir§j kir,
go: "Mir ... qey t§ b@ji razane" (Z-l) Beko
craned his neck [to look], said, "Prince ... it’s as if
[lit. 'maybe you would say'] they're asleep." { also:
563
s_
#
sto (JB3/IFb-2/OK-2)/sto (M-Zx/JBl-A); stow; stu
(K/L/B); stuh (JB1-S-2/OK-2); usti (Kg); usti; ustu;
[oustouJ^^J (JJ); <stu>(HH)) Sor esto
[IFb/JBl-S/OK//L/K/B//JB3//M-Zx/JBl-A//HH//Kg//JJI
stuh (JBl-S/OK) = nape, neck. See stfi.
stukurk -J u (IFb/Kmc- 6 ) = nape of neck. See
stukur.
stftn f (-a;-e). column, pillar; pole, post:
• Stftneke pe§yeye / sthna pe§in ziviye (EP-
5, # 2 , #3) There is a pole in front / The front pole
is silver, {also: situn (F); [istoun c j^J/stun (G)
(JJ)) [Pok. st(h)au-:st(h)u- 1008.] 'to stand, place':
Skt sthuna- = 'column, pillar'; O Ir stfina- (Ras,
p.131): Av stuna- /stuna-; OP stuna-; Mid P stun; P
sotun --> T siitun; Sor situn (j^^/estun
hesun [EP-5/K/IFb/B/SK/GF/OK//F//JJ]
sttlni adj. 1 ) vertical; 2 ) { syn: serejer) down (in
crossword puzzles). [Bw/GF/AD] <=f berwar =
geperast; xagepirs = xagerez>
sttir adj. 1 ) thick, stout; thick of round things
only (MK): • ...Lixaweki asin dh gez direj,
gezek pan, bi qeder zenda dest! stur bide
g§kirin (SK 33:297) Go and get an iron bridle
made, two yards long, a yard wide, and as thick as
a man’s wrist •Zincireki [sic] asin, gelek stur,
weki taze ji khre inaye der sor bu (SK
11:108) A very thick iron chain, red and sparking
as if it had just been brought out of the furnace; 2 )
thick (fig.), coarse, rough; rude, common, vulgar
(JJ): v..Wext€> xiret h Kemiyete demara me
kurdan gelek stur e ... em Kurd mirina xo
ixtiyar dikeyn, nawe kir§t h b§-xireti
qebhl nakeyn (SK 54:624) When we Kurds are
full of zeal and indignation our rancor is very
strong ... We Kurds choose our own death rather
than accepting a bad name and dishonor; 3) heavy
(rain, snow): •barina befreka stur (Zeb) heavy
snowfall, {also: situr (TF); [oustour ^-J/stour
07); <stur>^ (HH)) [Pok. st-euVst-eua- 1009.]
'massive, firm, thick, broad' <[Pok. sta-:sta-
1004.ff.] 'to stand, to put’: Skt sthura-/sthula- =
’thick 1 ; Av stura- = 'massive, strong, solid’; P setorg
jf = ’huge'; Sor estur {esturi; esturayi;
stur[t]i; [oustouri] (JJ))
[K/A/JB3/IFb/HH/JJ/SK/GF/OK/Zeb//TF]
sturi f. Q. 1 ) thickness; 2) rudeness,
coarseness, {also: esturayi (A); esturi (A); sturti (A);
[oustouri] ^3^.1 (JJ)) [K/IFb//A//JJ] <stur>
sturti (A) = thickness; coarseness. See sturi.
stuxar (Z-l/IFb) = miserable, unhappy. See
stOxwar.
stuxwar j 1 adj. 1) miserable, unhappy,
distressed: *Tu gima wa sere me diki, me
stfixar diheli? (Z-l) Why do you do this to us
[lit. ’to our heads'], make [lit. 'leave'] us miserable?;
2) suffering from torticollis or wryneck (JJ). {also:
stuxar; stuxwar (K); stuxar (Z-l); [oustou-khar]
(JJ)) < stu = neck' + xwar = ’bent' {stuxwari;
stuxwari) [Z-l/IFb//GF//K//JJ]
stOxwari f Q. misery, unhappiness,
• •
distress, {also: stuxwari (K)} (K//GF] <stuxwar>
su_^ (Rh) = thirty. See si II.
sual f./m.(K) (). question: •Em§ sualek§ le
bikin (L) We will ask him [lit. 'We will put a
question to him'], {also: sewal II (EP-8); sewali, f.
(K-2); suwal, m. (K/SK-2)) {syn: pirs; f bersiv; cab)
Cf. [souvala kirin] V* (JJ) = 'to buy (books)',
'to ask for information'; < Ar su’al T sual
[L/SK//K//EP-8]
subahe (Zx) = tomorrow. See sibe [2].
••
subKet (MC-l) = conversation, talk. See
suKbet.
suhbet (K) = conversation, talk. See suKbet.
suKbet f. (~a;- e). conversation, chat, talk:
• ...Rhni§[t]ne xar§, §iva xo xar, dest
havete soKbete, gote: ’Hey, mehvane ba§,
tu ji k’ive tey? Tu xelk£ k’irey? Tu gi k’es
i?' (JBl-A #17,102) They sat down, ate their
supper, and started talking: [the old woman] said to
him, 'O good guest, where are you coming from?
Where do you hail from? Who are you?' # Tu ve
soKbete tbeji, ewey foja Xode kirime
rizq§ te ll beta nuhu te gu cara ev ti§tet
hosa nekirine li negotine (JBl-A #14,102)
These things [lit. 'this talk'] you are saying, ever
since the day God gave me to you, you have never
acted or spoken like this; -suKbet kirin (SK) to
converse, chat, keep company: *Wexte gune
mala wi, Xace { Ali ji k’@fa wi gelek hat
gelek qedre wa girt. RKni§tine xar§,
qehwa xo vexar, soKbeta xo kir (JBl-A
#3,98) When they went to his house, Hadji Ali
564
was delighted and treated them very well. They
sat down, drank their coffee, and had a nice
chat, {also: sihbet (IFb); sohbet (K/B); sohbet
(JBl-A); subhet (MC-1); suhbet (K-2); <siftbet>
(HH)} Qf. T sohbet & P sohbat =
'conversation, chat' <Ar suhbah =
'friendship, accompaniment' [SK//JB1-A//K/B//
HH//IFb//MC-l]
sukir j&r* (M-Ak) = nape of neck. See stukur.
sukur I ji (AB) = dam, weir. See sikir.
sukur II ^5^ (Ak) - nape of neck. See stukur.
sult’an (B}/sultan (SK/GF/IFb) = sultan. See
silt’an.
sumbul (IFh) = hyacinth. See sunbul.
sunbul ni.(F)/f.(B) ( ; /-e). hyacinth, hot.
Hyacinthus orientalis ; blue, fragrant flower (HH).
[also: simbil II (IFb-2); simbul I, f. (B); sinbil II (IFb-
2 ); sumbul (IFb); [sunbul] (JJ); <sunbul>
(HH)} Cf. T sunbul/sumbiil; Sor simil
[F/JJ/HH//IFb/B]
sund (JB3) = oath, vow. See sond.
sundxwari (JB3) - ally. See sondxwari.
suf I f. (-a;-e). 1 ) {syn: sari I; serma) cold, cold
weather: -sur d serma (EP-7) do.: •Hetani
evare wana ber tave, sure u serme, bin
barane d teyroke... pez dig’erand (Ba2:l.
p.204) They would graze the sheep until evening
in sunlight and cold, under rain and hail; 2) cool
breeze. See sir I. [also: [ser] ^ (JJ); <sir>^- (HH))
[Ba2/EP-7/K/B//HH] <qir I; sar; serma; zivistan>
sur II (K/B) = secret. See sir II.
suravk (TF) = saltwater. See sdravk.
sufdar a; ). confidante. [EH]
surgun (SK) = exile. See sirgun.
surik (IFb) = measles. See sorik.
suri§t (GF) = nature. See siru§t.
sursum u ^ (Wn) = wooden butter churner. See
sirsdm.
surugt (K[s]/TF) = nature. See siru§t.
suryaz (CB) = asphodel. See soryas.
suwal JI*-., m. (K/SK) = question. See sual.
suwar jlj-w (L/IFb/HH/GF) = rider. See siwar.
suwax ^-1 ^ (IFb) = plaster. See sewax.
suxte m. (). Muslim religious student in a
traditional medreseh: *Mele ji suxteyan pirsi
(LM, p.15) The mullah asked the students, {also:
soxte (IFb-2); [soukhte] (JJ); <suxte>
(HH)} < P suxte = 'burnt'; Sor soxte =
'theological student (more advanced than feqe)’
[LM/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <feqi; mirid>
suyar (B) = rider. See siwar.
sdc £ 53 - m./[(SK/M-Ak) (-e/-a; ). 1 ) {syn: binas}
fault; guilt, culpability: *Sdce min nine (B) It's
not my fault; -besuc = innocent; 2 ) offense, crime:
•Ka sdca kuTe min giye? (M-Ak #675, p.304)
What is my son's crime?; -sdc kirin (B/IFb) to
commit an offense, to transgress, {also: sig (Bw);
sug (A/JB3/SK/GF/OK); [soutch] ^ (JJ); <sug> ^
(HH)} Sor sug = 'fault, transgression'; Za §uj m.
(Todd) < T sug [Z-l/K/IFb/B//A/JB3/JJ/HH/SK/
GF/OK//Bw]
sdcdar adj. guilty, {also: suck’ar (B); sugdar
(JB3/GF)} [K/IFb//JB3//B] <suc>
suck’ar (B) = guilty. See sdcdar.
sue.
(A/JB3/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK) - fault; offense. See
sugdar (JB3/GF) = guilty. See sdcdar.
suk f. ( ;-e). market, marketplace: «Kur£ pir§
daket suke (L) The old woman's son went (down)
to the market »Sdk tije quma§ e, le mela
be§a§ e (BX) The marketplace is full of cloth, but
the mullah is turbanless [prv.]. {also: suke (B);
[souq] (JJ); <suk> (HH)} {syn: bazar} < Ar
suq Cf. Za suk f. = 'large town'
[L/K/JB3/IFb/HH/TF//B//JJ] <bajar; §eher>
suke *5^ (B) = market(place). See sdk.
sun (IF) = to rub together; to whet, hone; to light,
kindle. See hesun & sutin.
sund (A/SK) = oath, vow. See sond.
sur I f. (-a;-e). 1 ) (sjm: beden I; §ure) city wall,
rampart: *Dengek ji sere surehe seh kir,
got, bigire (Rnh 2:17, p.307) He heard a voice
from the top of the city wall, it said, ‘catch!’; 2 )
fence (B). {also: sureh (Rnh); [sour] ^ (JJ); <sur>
(HH)} < Ar sur |Z-i/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//Rnh]
sur II (Bw/Krs/SK/OK) = salty. See §of III.
sdravk f. (-a;-e). saltwater, (pickling) brine.
{also: siravik (IFb- 2 ); suravk (TF); swiravk (Qrj-2);
§orav (IFb/GF/FJ); §ofav (K/B); [chour-aw]
(JJ); <§orav> <Jl(HH)} Cf. P §urab /§urabe
aj )Sor §orawk ^
[Qrj/A//TF//IFb/HH/GF/FJ//K/B//JJ]
sureh (Rnh 2:17, p.307) = city wall. See sdr I.
565
stiret m. (-§; ). 1) { syn: ru [1]; serg’av; sifet
[3]) face, countenance: •Hestirek ji g’a’ve
Xec§ k’ete ser stirete Siabend (IS-#342) A
tear from Khej’s eye fell on Siyabend’s face; 2 )
{syn:gup; hinarik; lame} cheek; 3) outward
appearance; 4) {syn: sifet [4]; wene} image, picture,
portrait; photograph, {also: soret (SK); [souret]
tJJ); <suret> o(HH)} < Ar surah =
'image, picture' P surat --> T suret/surat
[EP-7/K/IFb/B/GF//JJ/HH//SK] <dem II>
stixikin vi. (-stixik-). to creep, crawl on
one’s belly (JJ); to steal away, slink away, sneak
away (A): • [Dumo §e§xaneye digrite deste
xo il bi garlepi devarHyi wekH kelban
disilrike] (JR #27, p.80) Dumo takes his revolver
into his hand and crawls on all fours like a dog [lit.
'like dogs'], j also: [sourikin] (JJ)} [syn:
§ulikin} [JR/A/JJ/(GF)1 See also §fllikin.
sdri ^ j ^ m. (-ye; ). (large) flock or herd of sheep:
•[suraja doste mamu alan tunino/] (HM- 1 ) Mamu
Alan does not have a herd of lovers {* If my
understanding of this passage is correct }; -keri-
stiri (F) flock, herd: «Awqa mal, zer, zive te
heye, keri silriye te heye (FK-kk- 1 ) You have
so much wealth-gold and silver, so many herds.
{also: [sura-] (HM)| [syn: col; keri II; xar II} <T sum
= 'herd, flock' [HM//FK-kk-l/F//K/B] <bir I[4]; mi
I; pez>
surigk (K) = esophagus. See sorigk.
susirk d (IFb) = cricket. See sisirk.
sut o 33 -^ (AA/HH) = trap. See site,
sute , m. (OK/AA) = trap. See site,
siitin ^>' 33 — vt. (-sti- / -so-). 1 ) to rub together (to
cause friction in order to light a fire and the like) ;
2) to whet, hone, sharpen (knife) ; 3) to light,
kindle, set fire to. See sotin. {also: hesfin; sun
(IF- 2 ); suyin (IF- 2 ); [hesoun] (JJ); <sutin
(disu) (^j)> (HH)} [Pok. ke(i)-: ko(i)-: ka(i)- 541-
2 .] 'to sharpen, whet'-probaWy extension of ak- =
’sharp’: Skt Si-£a-ti/£y-4ti = ’sharpens, whets’; O Ir
*su-/*sav-: Av saeni- = 'tip, point'; P sudan
(-say-) & sohan j- 'file (tool)’; Sor
s[u]wan = ’file; to be rubbed’ & sun = 'to
rub'; Za sawena [sawiti§] = ’to rub, sharpen'
(Mal/Srk) [K/A/IFb/HH//JJ] <ege; k’artik; sotin>
See also hestin.
suwar j\^ (Z-3/SK) = rider. See siwar.
suyin (IF) = to rub together; to whet, hone; to
light, kindle. See stitin.
Svegistan f. (JB3) = Sweden. See Swed.
s w a r j 01 (A/K) = rider. See siwar.
Swed J 03 -V /. ( ;-e). Sweden. | also: siweg (K);
Svegistan, f. (JB3); §vesia (Ba2)} < Fr Suede — > Ar
swed [Ber/IFb//Ba2//K//JB3]
Swerek ^Jo(A) = Siverek, a town near Urfa. See
Serek.
swiravk Jj) (Qrj) = saltwater. See sfixavk.
syar jL» (Ad) = rider. See siwar.
566
§a U adj. happy, glad: •Em ze’f §ane, ku tu hati
(B) We are very happy that you came •Ew!
xeber§ §a bihistine (B) He heard some good
news; -§a btin (K/A/JB3) to be happy, rejoice
(Used particularly in concluding formulas in
folktales, cf. "They lived happily ever after,” T
"Onlar ermi$ muradina"} : «Ev bi mirade xwe
§a bfin, em bi mirade xwe §a bibin (L) They
were happy with their desire, may we be happy
with ours [concluding formula] ®Ew gun miraze
xwe §abtin, hfin j! herin miraze xwe §abin
(J) They went [and] rejoiced with their desire, you
too go rejoice with yours [concluding formula]
• X6r ti silamet ew gil miraze xwe §abfi, em
ji miraze xwe §abin (J) Safe and sound [lit.
'goodness and health'], he went [and] rejoiced in
his desire, may we also rejoice in ours [concluding
formula]; -§a kirin (K/A/JB3) to make s.o. happy,
to cause s.o. to rejoice, {also: §ad I (IFb-2/OK-2);
[cha] U (JJ)} (§adi; §ahi; §ayi I) Av sata- passive pp.
o/§a-/sya- = 'to rejoice' (Tsb2, p.61): P sad jU; Sor
§ad jU = ’glad, happy, cheerful'; Za §a/§ad (Mai)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK]
§aba§ jibU f. (). 1) showering bride and groom with
money (at their wedding) (K); during the folk
dancing at a wedding celebration, a musician goes
from person to person collecting money for the
bride and groom (Msr); 2) tip, monetary gift (A);
-§ava§ dan (K): a) to give money to the musicians
(at a wedding) ; b) to waste in vain (money) ; c)
exclamation used to congratulate the bride and
groom at their wedding (K); exclamation of the
hired musicians at a wedding, urging people to
give them gifts (B); *Bengzade §aba§ kir, go:
"§aba§ ser ser§ Siabende Silivf— Xeca
zerinra, mail ava, z§rek daye!" (EP-4) The
gypsy musician exclaimed, "Hurray for Siyabende
Silivi and Kheja Zerin, may they prosper, they've
given a gold piece!"; 3) praise, extolling (A), {also:
§ava§ (K); §eba§; [chabach] jibb (JJ); <§aba§> bb
(HH)} [Msr/EP-4/A/IFb/JB3/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//K]
§abdn U f (-a;-§). rejoicing; joy. {also: §abuni
(JB3/IFb); <§abun> (HH)] {syn: §ayi)
[EP-7/K/B/HH//JB3/IFb]
§abiini (JB3/IF) = joy. See §abtin.
§ad I jbi (IFb/OK) = happy. See §a.
§ad II jU (IFb) = witness. See §ade.
§ade ojU m. Q. witness: -§ahad-§iEtid (B)/§ad
H §ih<id (IFb) all possible witnesses, every
imaginable witness; -tiltya §ade (Msr) index
finger, pointer, {syn: t[’]iliya ni§ane). {also:
§ad II (IFb-2); §ahad (B); §ahid (IFb/SK); §e’de
(FK-eb-1); §ehde (K-2); [chahid] aj&U (JJ); <§ehde>
(HH)( < Ar sahid aaU {§ahad[t]i; §e’deti;
[chehdei] ^ o a*; (JJ)} [Z-/K//B//IFb/JJ/SK//
HH//FK-eb-l]
§adirvan (IFb) = fountain. See §adirewan.
§adi (K[s]/A/IFb/GF/OK) = happiness. See §ayi I.
• ■
§adirewan f. ( ;-e). fountain; fountain
situated at center of mosque courtyard used for
ritual ablutions (RTI); fountain adorned with water-
jets (JJ). {also: §adirvan (IFb); §adrewan (K);
§ehderewan (TF); {chadirevan jljj jL/chazirevan
qIjj ili] (JJ)} Cf. P sadrevan --> Ar sadirwan
3U; -> T §adirvan [EP-7/JJ//IFb//K//TF]
§adrewan (K) = fountain. See §adirewan.
§a'er (JBl-S) = poet; singer. See §ayir.
§afir I m. ( ;-!). ditch reed, bot. Phragmites
communis , green plant eaten by animals [nav
bistane, cihet avi §in dibit-cihet dem ne-giyaye wi
ye direj e, beige wi direj e u pigeki zivir-destet
mirovi dibifit eger mirov dest bavejte; bine wi zor
ye qahim e = it grows in gardens and irrigated
places-not ones watered by rainfall alone--its grass
is long, its leaf is long and a little rough-it cuts
one's hand if one touches it; its underside (root?) is
very strong]: *Zeviya me ya teji §afir buy
(Bw) Our field was full of ditch reed; -gomink§
§afiri (Bw) clump of §afir. cf. §aver (AA) = ’sweet
vernal grass' [Bw/Qrj/GF/FJ]
§ahad jbbb (B) = witness. See §ade.
§ahadi f (;-ye). witnessing, testimony,
• t
hearing witness, {also: §ahadti (B-2); §ahidi (SK);
§e’deti (B-2); [chehdei] ^A^i (JJ)} [B//JJ//SK]
<§ade>
§ahadti ^ j UU (B) = testimony. See §ahadi.
• •
§aheser Li (). masterpiece, cf. P Sahasar ^
[IFb/GF]
§ahid AjfcU (IFb/SK) = witness. See §ade.
§ahidi ^aaIs (SK) = testimony. See §ahadi.
§ahir (JB 3/IFb/GF) = poet; singer. See §aylr.
§ahi ^yfcbi (IFb/JBl-S/OK)= happiness. See $ayi L
567
§ahnazf ^LaU (TF/OK) pride. See §anazi.
§ahr jjtlz (Tof) = head band. See §ar I.
§[a]hreza >&U (A) = expert. See §areza.
§ahrezayi ^j&U (A) = expertise. See §arezayi.
§a c ir U (SK) = poet; singer. See §ayir.
§a!r _^JU (B) = poet; singer. See §aylr.
§ai§ <j^JU (EH) = worry. See §ayf§.
§ai§i (B) = worry. See §ayi§.
§ak JU (GF) = two-year-old ram. See §ek.
§al I JU m. ( ; §el). 1 ) {syn: §alvar) pants, trousers;
wide-bottomed trousers characteristic of the Kurds
(A); baggy trousers made of woven wool (HH); -§al
d §apik (AB/M) Kurdish man’s suit of clothes
(syn: pe§me w berguz (M-Ak); fani-berguz (SK)): "in
Badinan the material is normally coloured, striped or
pure white, and may have a colourful woven pattern in
addition. Finally, the tailor embroiders the finished suit
lavishly (nowadays with a sewing-machine) in a
contrasting colour. The trousers have wide bottoms,
and are always named first, the suit being known as
[rani w berbuz] in [Rewanduz], [pe§me w berguz]
in Akre, and [§al 6 §ap'ik'] in Zakho” [M, v. 2, p.
376, note 720]: -§al u §apike bave min
diriyan (AB) My father’s pants and breeches
(=suit) tore; 2) type of cloth (IF); type of thin
woolen cloth and sash (A), {also: §eT III (B); [chal]
JU (JJ); <§al> JU (HH)} [AB/M/K/A/IFb/JJ/
HH/TF/Dy//B] <berguz; §apik; §utik>
§al II JU (GF) = large saddlebag. See §el II.
§alojJU, m. (OK) = scythe-like implement. See §alok.
§alok JjJU f (-a; ). scythe-like implement for
cutting down grass (Bw) or for picking fruit (OK).
( also : §alo, m. (OK); §aluk (IFb-2)) [syn: diryas)
[Bw/Elk/IFb//OK] <das>
§aluk .J^JU (IFb) = scythe-like implement. See §alok.
§aldl J 53 JU 772. (). type of small bird: a) bee eater,
zool. Merops apiaster [T ari ku§u] (IFb/RF); b)
blackbird, thrush, zool. Turdus [Ar sahrur
(GF/AA): -denge §aldl d bilbilan (Alkan, 71)
the sound of bee eaters and nightingales, {also:
§ehlul (AA/OK); [sciaiula] JjJU (JJ)) Cf. Ar §ahrur
= ’blackbird, thrush’
[Alkan/K/A/IFb/GF/RF// JJ//OK/AA]
§alvar jUJU m./pl.(SK) ()• baggy trousers, {also:
§alwar (IFb); §elwal (JBl-A/SK/OK/Bw); §elwar
(A/IFb-2/GF); §erval (Qnr/OK-2); §erwal (OK- 2 );
[chelvar] Cf. Ar sirwal JV^/sirwal JljuU =
’trousers'; P salvar jtjli--> T §alvar; Sor §elwar
y
Za §ilwali = '*long underwear’ pi. (Todd); cf.
also Heb §arvul 'sleeve' [K/Kp/Dy//IFb//
A/JJ/GF//JBl-A/SK/OK/Bw] <deling; doxin;
navfan; §al I>
§alwar jl*JU (IFb) = baggy trousers. See §alvar.
§alyar jUU 772 . (-e; ). government minister, {syn:
wezir) Cf. P sahriyar jb^i; = 'monarch, king 1 ; Sor
§aryar/§alyar = 'monarch' (§alyari)
[(neol)VoA/A/IFb/TF]
§alyari ^LJU f. (). government ministry, (syn:
weziri) [(neol)A/IFb/TF] <§alyar>
§amik J-*U f. (). 1) {syn: bacane sor; firingi; stemboli)
tomato; 2) vine leaf disease (Haz). < Ar al-sam pUJt
= 'Damascus, Syria'; cf. Sor bayincani §am
pU = 'tomato' & Za §amik f. = 'tomato'
(Todd) [Ad/Srk/Haz/Klk/IFb/RZ/Kmc-2]
§ami ^U in.&f. (). turkey (fowl), zool. Meleagris
gallopavo. (syn: buqelemun (F); coqcoq; culux;
’elok; kurkur) [AB/IFb/OK]
§an ^U f. (-a; ). honeycomb: -§e’na hingiv
(Msr)/§aneyeki hinguni (SK) do. {also: §ane
(Bw/SK/GF/OK); §ehn (GF-2); §e’n (Msr); §e’nik
(Msr-2); [scian-a enghivin] ^U (JJ); <§an> (jU (HH))
Cf. P san(-e asal) C J-~*0 jU; Sor §ane hengwin
djU; Za §a’n (Mai) [Msr//K(s)/A/IFb/JJ/HH//
Bw/SK/GF/OK] <movane; §eh; §ema [3]>
§anazi ^bU f. (). pride, dignity; self-esteem, self-
respect: •Sedeme we ji, gima ku em li
canemerg£n xwe xwedi derketin d me
xwest em wan bl §anazi u bi serbilindi bi
gor bikin (Wit 2:59, p.13) The reason for it [=the
reprisal] was that we took care of our dead young
ones, and that we wanted to bury them with
dignity and pride, {also: §ahnazi (TF/OK-2)) [syn:
serbilindi) Sor §anazi ^bU = ’proper pride’
[Wlt/IFb/OK//TF]
§andin ^jjU vt, (-§in-/-§en- [Msr]). to send,
dispatch: *Xwed£ ez §andime bal te (Dz) God
has sent me to you; -du fk-e §andin = to send
for/after s.o.: -Hakim §and dd kur§ p!r@ (L-2
p.22) The king sent for the "old woman's boy."
{also: §iyandin (IFb-2/TF); §iyandin; [chandin
^ jjU/chehandin ^jjI^s] (JJ); <§andin
(jjjU/^iiyandin (di§ine) (HH))
(sy77; hinartin; rekirin; verekirin)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Msr//TF] <gun>
§ane <oU (Bw/SK/GF/OK) = honeycomb. See §an.
§ane§in ^^ajU f.(K)/m.(Z-l) ( /-e; ). 1) royal
court, royal residence; 2) [adj.] beautiful, splendid
568
(B). {also: §ehni§in; [cha-nichin] (JJ)} < P
gahnesln [Z-1/K/B//JJ] <diwan>
§aneyeki hinguni ( _ 5 > 33 Cjs *jb (SK) = honeycomb.
•+ 4 •
See §an.
§ani dan jb ^b (L/E§) = to show; to teach. See n!§an
••
dan under: ni§an.
§ano jib f. (-ya; ). stage, theater.
[Deng(journal)/IFb/GF/TF]
§anzde oj>;b (K/B/JBl-A&S/GF/M-Ak & Am & Bar &
Shn) = sixteen. See §anzdeh.
§anzdeh Aoj>;b num. sixteen, 16. [also: §anzde (K/B-
2/JBl-A&S/GF/M-Ak & Am & Bar & Shn); §azde
(A/M-sur); §azde (M-Zx & gul); [chanzdeh
©jj^b/dehouchech (JJ)} Skt sodasa
(<*sazdasa); Av xsvas-dasa; Mid P sazdah (M3); P
§anzdah 0 j>;b; Sor §azde ojjb/§anze o>3b; Za
§iyes/desu§e§ (Todd); Hau §anze (M4) [F/IFb/B/
JJ/ SC//K/JBl-A&S/GF/M-Ak & Am & Bar &
Shn//A/M-Sur//M-Zx & Gul] <§e§; §est>
§ap I ^b (TF/OK/GF) = avalanche. See §ape I.
§ap II v b (GF/TF) = flood. See §ape II.
§ap # e I *jb f. (•a;«@). 1) ( syn: a§it; reni) avalanche:
•Weki §ape ji jorve teme xware/... (from
poem hy Syrian poet Kele§) Like an avalanche I
come down from on high; -§apa befr£
(Zeb)/§apa berf@ (GF) do.; 2) snow-drift (K/B).
{also: §ap I (TF/OK-2/GF-2); §epa; §epe
(K/RZ)/$ep'e (B); [chape ajb/chepe (JJ);
<§ape> <g>b (HH); <§ape ^U/§ap <^b> (Hej)l
[Zeb/Kele§//A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK// K/B/RZ//TF]
cberf; xi§ilok>
§ape II djii f. ( ). flood, inundation, {also: §ap II
(GF/TF)) | syn: lehi; lemi§t) [Mdt//GF/TF]
§apik JLb m. (-£; ). jacket of Kurdish traditional
men's garb; short embroidered jacket with full
sleeves [gepken] unique to the Kurds (A/IF);
garment made of woven wool which doesn't go
beyond the navel (HH); overcoat without lining,
with goat hairs in the fabric (JJ): -§al u §apik
(AB/M) Kurdish man’s suit of clothes: "in Badinan
the material is normally coloured, striped or pure
white, and may have a colourful woven pattern in
addition, finally, the tailor embroiders the finished
suit lavishly (nowadays with a sewing-machine) in
a contrasting colour. The trousers have wide
bottoms, and are always named first, the suit being
known as [rani w berbuz] in Rdz. [=Rewanduz],
[pe§me w berguz] in Akre, and [§al 6 §ap’ik'] in
Zakho" [M, v. 2, p. 376, note 720]: Ǥal
§apik§ bav§ min diriyan (AB) My father's
pants and breeches (=suit) tore, [also: [sciapek] bbb
(JJ); <§abik> Jjb (HH)) Cf. Pahl sablg [spyk 1 ] =
’(Mazdean's ritual) under-shirt’ (M3); P *sapik ; W
Arm sabig/E Arm sapik
[AB/M/K/A/IF/JJ/Dy//HH] <§al I; §alvar>
*§aqis >b adj. amazed? frightened? in awe?: -§aqis
man (Z-2)/§aqiz man (GF) to be amazed: # Tirs
saw h h§beteke giran k’ete dile wane,/
Herdu ji xwera li hev d din§ §aqis mane
(Z-2) Fear and terror and awe entered their hearts,/
The two of them were amazed with (scared of?)
each other, {also: §aqiz (GF)) [Z-2//GF]
§aqiz ^sb (GF) = amazed. See §aqis.
§ar I jb f. (-a;-e). headband, turban (K); black-silver
headdress worn by women (A/HH); black cloth
wrapped around a woman's headdress (IFb/Haz);
large black silken kerchief (B): «R§§iyen li dora
§ahra sere wi di ser hev de pel didin (Tof,
p.7) The tassels around his head band hit against
one another; -§ar-§emaq (EP-7) silk neck kerchief.
{also: §ahr (Tof); §ehr I (GF-2); §e’r III (B); <§e’r>
(HH)} [EP-7/K/A/IFb/GF/Haz//B/HH//Tof] <k’ofi>
§ar II jU (IFh/GF/SK) = city. See §eher.
§aran j)jb m. (-e; ). string of dried fruit (raisins,
figs, walnuts), for winter use: -§arane guzan (Xrz)
string of walnuts; -§arane mewijan (Xrz) string of
raisins. { syn : gelwaz; xaruz) <Arm sar ^uip =
'string, file’ [Xrz/Wn/GF/FJ] <beni II[l]; nie§lur>
§arandin jjjljb vt. (-§arin-). to heat stg. up (to the
point of turning red), to smelt; to brand (IFb); to
cauterize (IFb). [Zeb/IFb/OK] <azirandin; germ>
§araza )jijb (B) = expert. See §areza.
§arazati ^'Ijljb (B) = expertise. See §arezayl.
§areza Ijojb adj. 1) knowing the way, knowing one's
way around, familiar with the area: •'EskerS
Fazil Pa§a li naw dole §a§ bhn, nezantn
kewe bihelen. Le§kire 'e§iretan ku digel
'eskerS Fazil Pa§a hatibhn hindek §areza
bfin, ser kewtine giyan, xo xilas kirin (SK
48:488) Fazil Pasha’s troops went astray in the
middle of the canyon, not knowing whither to
flee. Some of the tribal force which had come
with Fazil Pasha's troops knew the country and
climbed up into the hills and so saved themselves;
2) acquainted or familiar with or expert in a
subject : *Her §keftek@ gend dergehek hene.
569
Ko miroveki §areza wan dergehan dibine,
di cihe xwe de §a§ dimine (SB, p.50) Each
cave has several doors. When an expert person
sees those doors, he becomes baffled •Subeya da
digel xo bete dikane da mi'amile ni§e det
... §arezay mi'amila bajeri bd (M-Ak #651,
p.294) In the mornings he would take him to the
shop and show him the business ... he became
acquainted with the business of the market; 3) {syn;
pispor} m.&f. (). expert; specialist, [also: § [a] hreza
(A); §araza (B-2); §ehreza (K-2/IFb-2/GF-2/TF);
§e’reza (B); [sciaraza (G)/sharaza (Rh)] ojljb (JJ);
<§ehreza> 1 (HH)) Sor §areza )>jb ='well-
informed, proficient, expert' (§ahrezayi; §arazati;
§arezahi; §arezayi; gehrezayi; ge’rezati)
[SB/K/IFb/SK/GF/OK//HH/TF//A//B//JJ]
§arezahi CJ &\jo _,b (OK) = expertise. See §arezayi.
■ ■
§arezayi ^.Ijojb f. Q. 1) familiarity with a subject or
#■
area; 2) expertise, expert knowledge;
specialization; 3) experience. ( also: §ahrezayi (A);
§arazati (B-2); §arezahi (OK-2); §ehrezayi (K/GF/
TF); §e’rezati (B); [sciarazaia (G)] jb (JJ) j Sor
§arezayi j 0j b = 'proficiency, expert knowledge'
[IFb/SK/GF/OK//HH/TF//A//B//JJ] <§areza>
§arge «£b (K[s]) = sky. See §argeh.
§argeh (). sky, air: • Bombeavejen me en
sivik ... li §argeh ... li rdhesindn erdd
Kaparanikaye xistine (RN) Our lightweight
bombers have struck the railways of the land of
Kaparanika from the air. [also: §arge (K[s])j [syn:
'ezman I) [RN/IF//K(s)l
§aristan jb (IF) = civilization; city center. See
§arsaniyet.
§aristaneti ^ajb^jb (K) = civilization. See §arsaniyet.
• •
§aristani ^L^jb (A/IFb) = civilization. See
§arsaniyet.
§arsaniyet LjU f. (). civilization, [also:
§aristaneti (K); §aristani (A); garsaniyeti (JB3)} ( syn:
medeniyet; temedon (F)) Sor §aristaniyeti
j^L^b [(neol)Haz //K//A/IFb//JB3]
§arsaniyeti ^Ljb (JB3) - civilization. See
§arsaniyet.
§a§ I jib adj. 1) crooked, bent; 2) [syn: gewt; xelet
[2]) wrong, mistaken; doing the opposite of what
one wants or intends (HH): -§a§ bdn = to be
mistaken, wrong; -§a§ man = to be puzzled,
confused: •Osib ha hevraz niheri ha berjer
nih§ri d §a§mayi gote bav§ (Ba) Joseph
looked now up, now down, and puzzled, said to
his father ...; -§a§ d Keyri (EP-7) confused,
puzzled, bewildered; -xwe §a§ kirin = to be
wrong, to make a mistake: *Careke din@ xwe
§a§ nekin (J) Next time don't make [such] a
mistake; 3) [syn: qigl squint-eyed, cross-eyed, [also:
[chach] j;Li (JJ); <§a§> jib (HH)) <T §a§mak = 'to
be amazed; to deviate; to make a mistake; to lose
one’s way' [K / (A) / J B 3 /IFb / B / J J / HH/GF/TF]
§a§ II jib f. (). turban: *Sdk tije quma§ e, le
mela be§a§ e (BX) The marketplace is full of
cloth, but the mullah is turbanless fprv.]. [also:
§a§ik, f. (JB3/lFb/SK/TF); [chach] jib (JJ); <§a§>
jib (HH)) [BX/A/JJ/HH/GF//JB3/IFb/SK/TF]
<k’ofi>
§a§ik bbb, f. (JB3/IFb/SK/TF) = turban. See §a§ II.
§a§i ^b /. ( ;-ye). error, mistake: *Ev b§je d
hevokSn §a§ en ku min yek bi yek li jor
r&z kirine, ne §a§iy§n daktilo d y§n gape
ne (AW73C2) These incorrect words and
sentences which I have laid out above are not
typographical errors •Imperyalizm di vir de
di §a§iy£ de ye, xwe dixapine (AW77C2)
Imperialism is in error here, it is fooling itself.
{syn.* gewti; xelet) [K/IFb/B/TF/AD]
§ava§ jili'b (K) = gift of money to musicians at a
wedding. See §aba§.
§ax £b f./m.(SK) (-a/;-d/). 1 ) [syn: g’iq[il]; gull II; ta
VI) branch; 2) [syn: qog’; stru) horn (of animal) ;
antler (of deer) ; 3) cliff, precipice, mountain slope;
4) part, section, chapter, division; 5) line, track;
furrow; 6) [syn: guharto [l]; §ov [6]) version, [also:
§ax; [chakh] ^>b (JJ)) Cf. P sax^-b = 'branch; horn,
antler'; Sor §ax p-b = 'mountain; horn'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/SK/GF]
§axmat oLib f ( ;-e). chess: -§axmat llstin (B) to
play chess, [syn: k’i§ik [1]; setrenc) [F/B]
§ax £b = branch; horn. See §ax.
§ayi§ jiob (GF) = worry. See §ayi§.
§ayi I ^b f ( ; §ay§). 1) happiness, joy; 2) banquet,
■ •
feast, celebration; 3) woman's name . [also: §adi
(K[s]/A/IFb/GF/OK-2); §ahi (IFb-2/JBl-S/OK); [chai]
^b (JJ)} Av Sati-; O P siyati- = 'joy' (Tsb2, p.61);
Sor §adi ^jb = 'pleasure' & §ayi ^b =
■» •»
'merrymaking, festivity (esp. wedding)'; Hau §adi
(M4) [B/JJ//K(s)/A/IFb/GF//JBl-S/OK] <§a>
§ayir ^.b m. (-§; ). 1) [syn: helbestvan; hozanvan)
poet; 2) [syn: stiranbej) singer, [also: §a’er (JBl-S);
§ahir (JB3/IFb/GF); §a‘ir (SK); §air (B-2); [scar] _>*b
570
9
OJ)} < Ar Ma'ir = ’poet' [K/B//JB3/IFb/GF//JJ//
SK//JB1-S] <helbest; kilam; stiran I; §er II>
§ayi§ f./pl. ( ;-§/). worry, concern, anxiety:
-§ayi§ kirin (K/B)/§ayi§[a(n)] k’i§andin
(K/B/XF) to worry: *Tu qe §ayi§a nek’isfne,
ez hatime, weki te iro xilazkim (XF) do not
be at all worried, I have come to rescue you today.
{also: §ai§ (EH); §ai§i (B); §ayi§ (GF)| {syn: k’eder;
k’erb; k’eser; kovan; kul I; tatel; xem; xiyal [2])
[EH//B//K/XF//GF] <§ik>
§azde ojjU (A/M-Sur)/§azde ojcbb (M-Zx & Gul) =
sixteen. See §anzdeh.
§e (-ye; §e) (K/B/IFb/GF/BK/JBl-A/JJ/Ks/Bw) =
comb. See §eh.
§eb f. (-a;-e). alum, vitriol: »Ewe, ko li §ekir
hat li §ebe Kesili (Z-3) She who came for sugar
got alum; -§eva [h§]§in (K/B) blue alum/vitriol;
-§eva sipi (K/B) white alum/vitriol, {also: §ev II
(K/B); [chab] ^Li (JJ); <§eb> ^ (HH)} <Ar sabb ^
—> P sab v b —> T §ap; W Arm sip‘ ^mi/sab
*.iuui ; Sor §af jU [Z-3/HH/TF//K/B//JJ]
§ebak (A) = dawn. See §ebeq.
§eba§ = gift of money to musicians at a wedding.
See §aba§.
§ebek = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ebeq joocU; /. (-a;-e). dawn, daybreak: -§eveqa
sibera (B) at daybreak; -sibehe §ibaqe (L)/sibe
§ebeq6 (Dz) tomorrow at daybreak, (also: §ebak
(A); §ebek; §efeq (IFb/GF-2); §eveq (B); §ewaq;
§eweq (GF); §ibaq I (L); §ivaq (GF-2)j { syn: berbang;
elind; ferec; sere sibe; spede) Cf. Ar safaq T
§afak [L//A//K/Dz//GF//B//Ba/F//IFb]
§ebe§ (Btm/Czr/Grc) = watermelon. See zebe§.
§ebeyxfin f. ( ;-§). surprise night attack,
camisado: »[Ekrad§d simte Hekariyan ekseri
§eri u de c wayi bi §ev dikin u zaf
§ebeyxdn§ didine dijminan] (BN 136) The
Kurds of the Hekkari region mostly fight and do
battle at night and carry out many surprise night
attacks on their enemies, {also: §ebxun (K); §evxun
(GF); [cheb-khoun] (JJ); <§ebeyxun>
(Hej)} Cf. P Sabixun Sor
§ebeyxun *»£ [BN/IFb/Hej//K/JJ//GF] <§ri§>
§ebh jtjdji f. (). doubt; suspicion, {also: §ibhe (K-
2/IFb); §ubhe (SK); [chubhe] (JJ)} {syn: guman;
KeseKes; §ik) < Ar §ubhah — > T §iiphe
[Ur/K/ /IFb/ /JR/JJ/SK] <Hesefies>
§ebxun (K) = surprise night attack. See
§ebeyxftn.
§e’de oj (FK-eb-l) = witness. See §ade.
§e’deti (B) = testimony. See §ahadi.
§e‘etin (Gz) = to decline, deteriorate. See
§ihitin.
§efeq (IFb/GF) = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ef*ir f. ( ;*re). a large knife: »Ka §efr§ bine
(Bw) Bring [me] a large knife. < Ar safra &-
large knife; blade' [Bw] chisan; k’er III; sat’or I>
§eh m. (-e; §e [BK/B]). 1 ) comb: -§eh kirin =
to comb; -§ehe dik = cock's comb; -§eye mar
(Msr) centipede; 2) the five digits of the hand or
foot (Bw/Zx): -§eye dest (Bw) five fingers of the
hand ['comb of the hand’]; -§eye pe (Bw)/§ehe pi
(Zx) five toes of the foot ['comb of the foot'], {also:
§e (-ye; §§) (K/B/IFb-2/GF-2/BK/JBl-A-2/Ks); [che]
(JJ); <§eh> (HH)} Cf. P sane Sor §ane
*jb/§e [A/JB3/IFb/JBl-
A/HH/GF/TF/Zx//K/B/JJ/BK/Ks/Bw] <p’or III; §an>
§ehde (K/HH) = witness. See §ade.
§ehderewan (TF) = fountain. See
§adirewan.
§eher m. (-e; ). city, town: •Zemane Sultan
'Ebdulhemid Xan ... Rizwan Pa§a hebil,
wali<ye> §ehre Istembole bH (SK 52:559) In
the time of Sultan AbdulHamid Khan ...there was
(a certain) Rizvan Pasha, governor of the city of
Istanbul, {also: §ar II (IFb/GF-2/SK); §ehr II
(IFb-2/GF/SK-2); [lnerept/shahr] ^ (JJ)} {syn:
bajar} [Pok. kbe(i)-/kba(i)- 626.] ’to obtain, acquire,
take control of (Kent: proto IE *q£>ei-) [cf. §iyan]:
Av xsaQra- = ’dominion, empire'; Mid P sahr [§tr'] =
’land, country; city' (M3); P sahr _^£~> T §ehir;
Sor §ar jb [Z-l/K/B//JJ//GF//IFb/SK]
§ehin (K[s]/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF/Kmc-9) = scales.
See §ihin.
§ehlul jsaJj (AA/OK) = blackbird. See §alhl.
§ehn (GF) = honeycomb. See §an.
§ehni§in = royal court. See §ane§in.
§ehr I fccu: (GF) = head band. See §ar I.
§ehr II (IFb/GF/SK) = city. See §eher.
§ehreza Ijo(K/IFb/GF/TF/HH) = expert. See
§areza.
§ehrezayi (K/GF/TF) = expertise. See
• a
garezayi.
§eht adj. paralyzed, crippled, lame fe.g., hand):
• Ev reben kega §eht, gi delal e, gi §@rin e
571
... Hema xwez! ev kegik tuneba ma ne
gunehe Xwede ew hewqas spehi gekir u
pi§tre ew §eht kir (AI, 63) This poor crippled
girl, how lovely, how sweet she is ... I wish this girl
didn’t exist—isn't it a pity that God made her so
pretty, and then made her crippled! 1 also: <§efit>
(HH)) {syn: goc; qop; §il II) (*§ehti)
[AI/IFb/GF/TF//HH]
§ek Joji m. (-e; ). two-year-old ram, male sheep
(Zeb/GF/Hej); three-year-old ram (IFb/SK): * c Eli
Beg qiyase neh deh ser Keywanet qelew ji
beranan ft §ekan inan, dane ku§tinewe (SK
39:346) Ali Beg brought about nine or ten head of
fat young rams and had them slaughtered, {also:
§ak (GF); <§ek> (Hej)) \syn: berdir [berindir])
cf. P sak JU = 'he-goat'; Sor §ek = 'yearling
lamb' [Zeb/K(s)/IFb/SK/OK/Hej//GF] cberan;
berdir; mi I; xirt>
§ekal Jl5 aj5 m. (-e; ). 1) old, worn-out shoe: *[A man
sees a pretty young girl and says to himself] Ez
xort bftma, mine quz li we bikira §ikal
(Msr) If I were young, I'd make her cunt an old
shoe (i.e., from much use); 2) {syn: qondere;
p’elav; sol) shoe (Haz/TF/OK). [also: leka§ (IFb-2);
§ikal (Haz/Msr); [chekal] JLSCi (JJ); <§ekal> JlCi
(HH)) Cf. Sor kela§ 'shoe with rag sole’. For
another exxample of special words for old things
see kalOme. [IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK/
Srk/Klk// Haz/Msr] <kelej I; p’elav; sol>
§ek 5 er jAfki = sugar. See §ekir.
§ekil Jliuj = form; picture. See §ikil.
§ekir m./f.(SK) (-e/ ; §ekir, vi §ekir!/ ).
sugar: -§ekiri §kandin (Zeb) to break the ice,
start a friendly conversation. 1 also: §ek’er; [chekir]
JJ: (}J); <§ekir> Jfd, (HH)) <Prakrit & Pali sakkhara
< Skt sarkara = 'gravel, grit; later sugar' (Laufer,
p.584); Sor §ekir Za §eker ni. (Todd); Hau
§ekir = qen
[Z-3/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/Zeb]
§ekirdan q)j> (K/B/GF) = sugar bowl. See
§ekirdank.
§ekirdang Jjl j(F/K/B/TF) = sugar bowl. See
§ekirdank.
§ekirdank J'oJ: f. [ ;-§). sugar bowl, {also:
§ekirdan (K/B/GF); gekirdang (F/K-2/B-2/TF)) Sor
§ekirdan [Bw/Zx/IFb/OK//K/B/GF//F/TF]
§ekiri adj. pattern ofberguz material : off-
••
white. [Bw] <berguz>
§ekiyat oLXa^ = complaint. See §ikyat.
§ekok Ag+j, f. (). wild pear, bot. Pyrus pyraster [T
ahlat]. {also: §ekuke (Ad); §elqoq (A); §ikoke (GF);
<§kok> (HH)) [syn: kirosik)
[IFb/RF/CB//HH// GF//Ad//A] <herme; incas [1];
kargin>
§ekrok f (). type of globe thistle, bot.
Echinops sphaerocephalus. [also: §ekirok (A/GF);
<§ekirok> (HH)) (syn: *serte§i (Bw/Wn))
[Qrj/FJ//A/HH/GF]
§ekuke aS^5a£ (Ad) = wild pear. See §ekok.
§el I Jaj: (IFb/GF/HH) = paralyzed. See §il II.
§el II J aj: f. [ ;-e). 1) very large saddlebag loaded on
the back of a camel, filled with stocks of grain
[gidi§] to transport to threshing floor [bender]; 2)
action of transporting stocks of grain [gidi§] to the
threshing floor [bender]: -§el ki§andin (Qzl) to
transport grain to the threshing floor: •Em §ela
diki§inin (Qzl) We are dragging saddlebags, i.e.,
We are transporting grain to the threshing floor.
[also: §al II (GF-2); §ele (GF)) Cf. Sor §elte a =
'kind of saddle-bag' [Qzl//GF] <§ixre; Per III>
§ed III 0 L&a^: (B) = trousers. See §al I.
§elandin vt. (-§elin-). 1) [syn: §iqitandin) to
undress, strip, take off (s.o.’s clothes) , strip (vt) :
-xwe §elandin (K/IFb): = to undress (o.s.) , take
one's clothes off, strip (vi.) : »[Ew her se mirof
hatine deve gemeki ft xwe §elandin ku ji
av§ derbaz bibin] (JR) Those three men came to
the edge of a river and undressed, so that they
could cross the water; 2) to plunder, rob:
• Karwanek! §exe Barzane digft Akre.
Nijda Surgiyan hat, karwan §eland ft deh
muro ku§tin (SK 50:533) A caravan of the
Shaikh of Barzan was going to Akre. A Surchi
raiding party came, plundered the caravan, and
killed ten men. [also: gelandin (K/IFb/B);
[chelandin] (JJ); <§elandin (digelfne)
(HH)} [JR/]J/HH/SK/GF/TF//K/IFb/Bl
§ele <J*J: (GF) = large saddlebag. See §el II.
§elmaq (K/B) = smack, slap. See §imaq.
§elqoq (jjjdAi; (A) = wild pear. See §ekok.
§elftf m. (). cockerel, young rooster, [also:
§eluvk (Kmc-9); <§eluf> (HH); <§eluf>
(Hej)) [syn: g’et) [Kmc-9//A/IFb/HH/GF/Hej]
<dik>
§eluvk (Kmc-9) = young rooster. See §elftf.
§elwal J)jJa ^ (JBl-A/SK/OK/Bw) = baggy trousers. See
§alvar.
§elwar jIjJa^ (A/IFb/GF) = baggy trousers. See §alvar.
572
§em (K) = wax. See §ema.
§ema L<*J if. ( §im& [B]). 1) f syn: mum [l]} wax;
2 ) [syn: find; mum [2]; §emal[k]} wax candle:
• Wextd jin gtin, §emala §emae birine*
hindav gay, ditin [sic] ko ga mirar blly (SK
30:273) When the women went and held a wax
candle over the ox they saw that it had died; 3)
new, light honeycomb wax (Zeb) as opposed to
movane, qv. {also: §em (K-2); §ima (K/A/IFb-
2/B/TF/OK-2); [chima] ^ (JJ); <§ima> Lj: (HH)}
< Ar sanT = 'wax, wax candle'; Sor §em ^
[Zeb/IFb/SK/OK//K/A/B/JJ/HH/TF] <[3] movane;
§an>
§emal f. (-a;-e). 1 ) brightness, brilliance, shine
(B): -§emala tirejna te’ve (B) the brilliance of
rays of sunshine; 2) [? < Ar mis‘al Jbu-* = 'torch’;
Cf. P samalah = 'candle'] {syn: ronahi) light,
lighting (IFb/B); 3) (a7so: §emalk (Bw); [chemal]
jLi (JJ)} {syn: gdra I; find) lamp; candle (Jj/Bw):
•Wexte jin gftn, §emala §emae birin [sic] e-
hindaw gay, ditin [sic] ko ga mirar buy.
Pigek §emal wewetir birin [sic], ditin [sic]
ker ku§tiyewe (SK 30:273) When the women
went and took a wax candle to [view] the ox they
saw that it had died of itself. They took the candle
a little to one side and saw that the donkey was
slaughtered; -§emal dayin (B) to light up,
illuminate; 4) [< Ar samal JL^| {also: §imal (F);
[chimal] JL^ (JJ)} {svn: bakur; mifriq) north; 5)
north wind. [EP-7/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF//F]
§emalk (Bw) = candle. See §emal[3].
§emam (K/B) = type of fragrant melon. See
§imamok.
§emamik (IFb) = type of fragrant melon. See
§imamok.
§emaq I f. (). woman’s head kerchief; woman's
kerchief with white dots on it (B): -§ar-§emaq (EP-
7) silk neck kerchief, {also: §emaqi, f. (K/B)} (syn:
§ar 1} [EP-7//K/B] <k 5 ofi>
§emaq II = smack, slap. See §imaq.
§emaqi f. (K/B) = woman's head kerchief. See
§emaq I.
§ematok J(A/GF/FJ) = slippery. See §ematoki.
§ematoki adj . slippery: - c erd@ §ematoki
(Qzl) slippery ground, {also: §ematok (A/GF/FJ);
§emitok (IFb); §emitoki (Qrj); §imitoki (K/B);
[chemitoukj (JJ)} [syn: *teIiesok}
[Qzl//A/GF/FJ//IFb/JJ//K/B]
§embelilk I f (-a; ). icicle, [also: bizmilug
(IFb-2); zembelik (TF); zembelilk (GF-2);
<§embelilk> (HH)} For another example
of initial §-/z- alternation see zebe§.
[Frq/Haz/Erh/IFb/GF//TF]
§embelilk II JLLJ^cu: (GF) = fenugreek. See
§embelule.
§embeHll*e ( ;•£). fenugreek, bot.
Trigonella foenumgraecum. {also: §embelilk II (GF);
§embelulk (IFb/OK/AD); <§embelil[i]k>
(HH)} Cf. P sanbalrle aIXjj; ; Sor §imli
[Zeb/Dh//IFb/OK/AD//HH/GF] <re§ik III>
§embelulk (IFb/OK/AD) = fenugreek. See
§embelule.
§embi (K/JB3/JJ/SK) = Saturday. See §eml.
• •
§eme (A) = Saturday. See §emi.
§ememok Qy**-*^ (Ur) = type of fragrant melon. See
§imamok.
§emetin (A) = to slip. See §emittn.
§emil f (-a; ). Kurdish man's headdress, [syn:
cemedani; dersok; keving; p’o§i} <Ar samlah =
'turban' [Wn] <egal>
§emitandin vt. (-§emitin-). to cause to
slip, cause to slide, {also: §imitandin (K/B);
<§emitandin (di§emitme) (HH)}
(syn: tefiisandin} [A/IFb/GF//K/B//HH] <§emitin>
§emit!n vi. (-§emit-h to slip, slide:
•Beyrim li ser deve gale §emit! (L) Beyrim
slipped over the mouth of the pit. {also: §emetin
(A); §imitm (K/B); [chemitin] (JJ); <§emitm
(di§emiti) (HH)} (syn: §iqitm;
tehisin) < Arc semat C0DtI7/semet = 'to loosen,
detach, break loose, take away; to slip off, glide; to
be released, rest, lie fallow’ & Syr VS-m-t \dy =
’to draw, unsheath; to pluck, tear out (hair,
feathers); to pull off (shoes)’
[L/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//HH//K/B//A] <§emitandin>
§emitok (IFb) = slippery. See §ematoki.
§emitoki (Qrj) = slippery. See §ematoki.
§eml f. ( ;-ye). Saturday, {also: §embi
(K/JB3/SK); §eme (A); [chembi] (JJ); <§emi>
C5 oj: (HH)j (syn: Pa§ini (Ur); Sebt) Cf. P Sanbe
Sor §emu^ 5 -*Aj:; Za §eme m. (Todd)
[F/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//K/JB3/JJ/SK//A]
§emoy*^m. (). clown, laughingstock, buffoon,
jester; ugly and ridiculous, apelike (TF). (syn:
qe§mer) [Hk/Zeb/TF]
573
§ems*e f (• a; ). umbrella, parasol, [also:
§emsiye (K/IFb-2); §em§e (IFb); [chemsiie]
(JJ)} [syn: sitavk; siwan) < Ar samslyah [<
Sams = 'sun'] --> T §emsiye [Krg//K/JJ//IFb]
§emsiye (K/IFb/JJ) = umbrella. See §emse.
§em§e (IFb) = umbrella. See §emse.
§e’n (Msr) = honeycomb. See §an.
§engal (IFb) = terebinth. See §eng§l.
§eng§l f (-a; ). (wild) terebinth, bot. Pistacia
terebinthus. {also: §engal (IFb); §inok (A)) {syn:
kezan) (Frq//IFb//A] <bemk>
§e’nik (Msr) = honeycomb. See §an.
§epa = avalanche. See §ape I.
§epe (K/RZ)/§ep’e (B) = avalanche. See §ape I.
§epirze oj^j<u (Zeb/GF/TF) = miserable; hurried. See
§erpeze.
§epirzeti (TF) = misery. See §erpezeyi.
§eq m./f.(B) (-e/ ;-a/-§). 1) side, direction: «bi
§eqg gep§ (IF) on the left (side) ; 2) piece, slice:
•Sgv kire du §eqane (Z-2) He split the apple
into two pieces; 3) inner side of thigh, from the hip
bone to the foot (B/IFb); 4) {syn: *duguli) crotch
(Qzl). {also: §eqe [K[s]); <§eq> y (HH)) < Ar siqq
M Ml
y = 'side, portion' & saqq y = 'crack'
[Z-2/IFb/A/B/HH/TF/Qzl//K(s)]
§eqam (IFb/GF/TF) = smack, slap. See §imaq.
§eqe (K[s)) = side; piece; leg. See §eq.
§eqitandin (IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK) = to strip; to
split. See §iqitandin.
§eqitin (IFb/HH/GF) = to slip; to climb down; to
be split. See §iqitin.
§er I m. (-e; §gr, vi §eri). 1) {syn: ceng) war,
battle; fight: *Eze dakevim §erg te (L) I will
take you on (in a battle) •§ere min tera §ere (J)
This means war! [lit. 'My war with you is a war']; 2)
argument, quarrel, fight: -§er biin = to quarrel,
argue: •Xizema poz, qa§, qerefil, guharg
zer xala suretra §erbun (Ba) [Her] noserings ...
[and] golden earrings quarreled with the birthmark
[on her neck]; -§er kirin = a) to battle, fight; b) to
beat, vanquish, subdue, defeat: «Tu kes nikare
§er§ wi bike (L) Nobody can vanquish him; 3)
type of song in which a fight is portrayed (e.g., a
fight between two tribes) (Msr). {also: [cher] y (JJ)}
Cf. Ar sarr y = 'bad, evil'
[F/K/A/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/Msr]
§er II m. (). 1) evil, wickedness; 2) (syn; altaxi;
'ewani; gevezti; qumsiti) slander: *Mir& min,
§ixul bi §era nabe (Ba3-3, #30) My emir, this
matter should not be accomplished through
slander [lit. 'the work does not happen by slander 1 ];
-§er avitin (ser) fk-§ (K/B/XF) to slander,
calumniate, denounce: *Ew dige cem mir, §era
dave Osiv (Ba3-3, #29) He goes to the emir [and]
denounces Joseph. < Ar sarr y = 'bad, evil'
[Ba3/K/B/SK/XF] c’ewan; nemam>
§e’r III (B) = scarf; turban. See §ar I.
§erab f (-a;-e). wine: *Mesti §eraba ’alema
lahfit H serxo§i cemala bezma melekflt e
(SK 4:36) He is drunk with the wine of the divine
world and intoxicated by the beauty of the
assembly of angels; -§erava tiriya (B) grape wine.
{also: §erav (F/B); [liiepanB/Serab] y (JJ);
<§erab> y (HH)) < Ar sarab y (Vs-r-b = ’to
drink') --> T §arap; Cf. Sor §erab j
[K/IFb/HH/JJ/SK/GF//B/F]
§erav <J)(F/B) = wine. See §erab.
§erbet J f. ( ;-e). sherbet, a sweet beverage
made of sugar and water or fruit syrup; lemonade
(JJ): -§erbet be! (B) formula said when a glass of
wine, water, or the like is brought in, and also in
answer to a toast . {also: [cherbet] co>: (JJ);
<§erbet> (HH)) < Ar sariba = 'to drink'
[EP-7/K/IFb/B/JJ/ HH/GF/TF] <§irani>
§erbik m.(SK/Wlt)/f(K) (-e/ ; ). water-pot,
water pitcher, tankard: •Min di v§ §ik§ra hang
de §erbikek zer hilandiye (ve§artiye) (Wit
2:59, p.15) I have hidden a pot of gold in this pile
of stones, {also: [cherbik] *Ly (JJ); <§erbik> Jpy
(HH)} [Wlt/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
§erd (L) - condition; bet; task. See §ert.
§erdar (B) = warrior. See §ervan.
V
§eredev Jiojo f. (). war of words, verbal sparring.
[Dh/Zeb]
§eref f. (-a; ). honor: *Ev, go zilameki diz
btina [sic] ... we §erefa me bi§kenandana (L)
If this man were a thief, he would have ruined our
honor (=disgraced us), {syn: namus; riimet) < Ar
saraf y-> T §eref [K/IFb/SK/GF] <'erz; namus;
fez II>
§erenix ^ooj<u; (Zeb) = battle, fight. See cerenix.
§erevan ^U'o(K/TF) = warrior. See §ervan.
§e’reza )jo(B) = expert. See §areza.
§eTezati y) jo(B) = expertise. See §arezayi.
■ •
§erite f. (K) = line. See §erit [2].
§eriet f. (). the Sharhah, the Islamic code of
law. {also: §iri'et (EP-7); [cheriiet] (JJ)} < Ar
al-§arTah [EP-7//K/JJ] <ne§eri>
574
§er!t o f. ( 1) { also: §irit (IFb/B); [chirid] jo ^
m ( syn: kap I; k’indir [2]; qirnap; weris) rope
(L/B); thick string or twine (B): •fidika §er!t bi
newqa wi ve gir§da (L) Slowly (or, gently) he
tied the rope around his waist; -§irit d k’indir
(Z-2) rope and twine; 2) ribbon (JJ); 3) {also: §erite,
f. (K); §ilit (GF); §irit (IFb/B); [cherite] *k^/[cliirid]
(JJ)} line, row, file (K). < Ar saritk.^ =
ribbon’; ~> T §erit [L/A/JB3//K//IFb/B//JJ//GF]
§erjekirin ^ - to behead. See serjekirin.
§erkar jl (IFb) = warrior. See §efvan.
§erker (GF) = warrior. See §etvan.
§erm f./m.(JBl-A) (-a/ ;-§/ ). shame, disgrace:
•Ewi §erma rdye xwe unda kiriye (B) He
overcame his disgrace • [Ji] minra §erme (B) I am
ashamed •§erm tera! (B) shame on you!; -§erm
kirin = a) to feel ashamed: *Tu §erm naki =
Aren't you ashamed?, also: You are brave!; b) to be
shy, be bashful: *Sdsik hineki dftri m&ra
rdni§tibft, ewe ji me §erm dikir (Ba2:2,
p.206) Susik sat a ways from the men, she was shy.
{also: [cherm] ^ (JJ); <§erm> ^ (HH)) {syn: 'et’ib;
fed!; fehet; sosret [2]) [Pok. kormo- 615.] 'pain,
shame': O Ir *fsarma- (Tsb2, p.50, 62; Ras, 212):
Av fsarama-; P sarm Sor §erm pj«u;; Za §ermi
m. (Todd) [Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-
A/SK/GF/ TF/OK]
§ermesar jL^j^ (K) = ashamed; bashful. See
§ermezar.
§ermezar J J adj. l) {syn: fedikar; fehetkar)
ashamed: -§ermezar bftn (IFb) to be ashamed:
•Tu li mala min, gu li te nehatiye, ez da
§ermizar bim (JBl-A #81,122) You are at my
house, nothing has happened to you, [if it had] I
would be ashamed; 2) bashful, {also: §ermesar (K-
2); §ermizar (JBl-A); §ermsar (K/GF)) Cf. P sarmsar
jl—- 'ashamed, disgraced, abashed, confused';
Sor §ermezar /§ermesar =
'ashamed' [Zeb/K(s)/IFb/TF]
§ermezari f. Q. shame, disgrace: •Madem
te dizani eto d§ gi, te bo gi ez mare kirim,
te ev §ermuzariye ina reka babe min? (M-
Ak #645, p.292) Since you knew that you would
go, why did you marry me and so bring this shame
on my father? {also: §ermsar! (K/GF); §ermuzari (M-
Ak)} {syn: fehet) Sor §ermesari ^jL^j^/^ermezari
[Zeb//M-Ak//K/GF]
§ermizar (JBl-A) = ashamed; bashful. See
§ermezar.
§ermsar (K/GF) = ashamed; bashful. See
§ermezar.
§ermsari (K/GF) = disgrace. See §ermezarf.
»•
§ermuzar! (M-Ak) = disgrace. See
• »
§ermezari.
§erpeze Oj j adj . 1) {syn: belengaz; reben}
miserable, wretched; in a bad way (IFb); *Tu gire
wilo §erpeze bftyi (SW) Why are you so
miserable?; 2) broken off, interrupted, suspended,
halted (K); broken, disturbed (silence, peace , sleep)
(K); 3) hurried, in a rush (Zeb); 4) [/. ( ; §erpez£)]
interference, hindrance (B). {also: §epirze (Zeb/GF-
2/TF)} [§erpezeyi] [SW/K/IFb/B/GF//Zeb/TF]
§erpezey! f Q. 1) misery; 2) being broken
off or interrupted, {also: §epirzeti (TF)} [IFb//TF]
<§erpeze>
§erq /. ( ;-e). 1) east; 2) the East, the "Orient”
(JJ). {also: [cherq] ^ (JJ)} {syn: mi§riq, f. (F);
fojhilat) < Ar sarq ^ [F/K/B/JJ]
§erq!n /. (). noise, shrill sound; knock,
thump, crash (B): *Min di §irqin ji tat£ hat (L)
I heard [lit. saw’] a noise coming [lit. 'came'] from
the boulder, {also: gerqin (L-2); §irqin (L-2/B);
§irqini (B-2)] {syn: galegurt; hose; k’im-k’imi;
qajeqaj; qalmeqal; qareqar; qerebalix) Cf.
[tcherkin] (JJ) = ’ugly’; P cerkln =
'filthy'; T girkin = ugly' [L/K//B]
§erragirtin JSf. (). cease-fire, truce, armistice.
{syn: §errawestin) [(neol)OK]
§efrawestin 1 f. ( ;-e). cease-fire, truce,
armistice: *Ji destpeka §errawestine ta roja
24'§ gulane, pevajoya 40 rojan, tevi hemfr
er!§en hez£n dewlet§ gerilayen ARGK'§ ji
bo ku §errawestin ji aliye wan ve neye
ihlalkirin b£deng diman (Wit 2:67, p.l) From
the start of the cease-fire until the 24th of May, a
period of 40 days, in spite of all the attacks of the
government forces, the ARGK guerrillas remained
silent, lest the cease-fire be broken from their side,
(syn: §erragirtin) [(neol)Wlt]
§ert oj^ m./f.(JB3) (-£/ ; ). 1) (syn: mere I)
condition, stipulation, terms (of an agreement) :
-§ert gire dan (B) to make an agreement; 2) {syn;
mere I; migilge) bet, wager (IFb/B): -§ert girtin
(B) to bet, wager; 3) task, test, ordeal [£preuve] (L):
•Hakim qiza xwe na de bi pera, dide bi
575
§erda (L) The king doesn't give his daughter [in
exchange] for money, he gives her [in exchange]
for tasks *Eze §erdeki sivik ji te re bejim (L)
I'll give you an easy task; -§ert anin = to
complete, carry out, accomplish a task: Ǥerde
go min je re gotiye ni kare bine (L) He can’t
complete the task I gave [lit. ‘told’] him «Min
§erde te ani (L) I completed your task; -§ert
avdtin = to assign, propose a task: «Eze §erdeki
bavejim te (L) I will impose a task on you
• §erda daveje ser wan (L) He assigns them
tasks, [also: §erd (L); §ird (L-2); §irt II (Z-3); [chert]
k(JJ); <§ert> k ^ (HH)) < Ar sart k
[L//K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF//HH]
§erud (GF)/§erud (K) = hostile. See §erilt.
§erude oj (K) = hostile. See §erut.
§erut adj. hostile, evil: •\J gur bi gaven
xwe yen tuj ft §ertit li min diner! u xwe
kar dikir bete min (E§, p.16) And tbe wolf
looked at me with its sharp and hostile eyes, and
got ready to pounce on me. [also: §erud (GF-2);
§erud (K); §erude (K-2)} Cf. §er = 'war’ [E§/GF//K]
§erval (Qnr/OK) = baggy trousers. See §alvar.
§ervan jUjdjj m. (-e; ). warrior, fighter; combatant,
militant: »Ji ber ku piraniya gele Ke§mire
misilman e, dewleta Pakistani pi§tevaniya
§ervanen Ke§mir£ dike (AW77A5) Because
the majority of the Kashmiri people are Muslims,
the Pakistani government supports the Kashmiri
fighters; -§ervane 'edilaye (B) peace advocate;
-§erdare azaye (B) freedom fighter, [also: §erdar
(B-2); §erevan (K/TF); §erkar (IFb-2); §erker (GF-2);
§erwan (A); [cher-ker] ^5^ (JJ); <§erker> ^ (HH))
[EP-8/B/IFb/GF//K/TF//A//JJ/HH]
§erwal J(OK) = baggy trousers. See §alvar.
§erwan (A) = warrior. See §ervan.
§esid (EH/B/F) = six hundred. See §e§sed.
§e§ JlaJ; num. six, 6. [also: [chech] (J]); <§e§>
(HH)1 [Pok sueks/seks/kseks/ksueks/ueks(:uks)
1044.] 'six’: Skr sat (<sats); Av xsvas-; Mid P sas
(M3); P ses (colloquial sis) Sor §e§ Za §e§
(Todd); Hau §i§ (M4); cf. also Lat sex; Gr hex c|;
Rus sest’ lliecTB; Germ sechs; cf. also Heb ses tZ7t£7
[F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S] <nivdest; §anzdeh; §est;
§e§ek>
§e§a U*-: adj. sixth, [also: §e§an (K-2/BX/IFb); §e§em
(A/IFb-2); §e§emin (IFb-2); §e§e (JBl-A/SK); §e§ye
(JB1-S); [chechi] (JJ)} Cf. P sesom p-i-i; Sor
§e§em[in] Za §e§in (Todd)
[F/K/B//BX/IFb//A//JBl-A/SK//JBl-S//JJ] <§e§>
§e§agir (A/IFb/HH) = pistol. See §e§ar.
§e§an (K/BX/IFb) = sixth. See §e§a.
§e§ar f (). sixshooter pistol, revolver, [also:
§e§agir (A/IFb-2); <§e§ agir> (HH)) [syn:
debange; §e§derb) [K/IFb//A/HH]
§e§derb _) O iX w f. ( ;-e). 1 ) [syn: debange; §e§ar;
§e§xane) sixshooter pistol, revolver; 2) six-chamber
rifle (B). [A/IFb/B]
§e§em (A/IFb) = sixth. See §e§a.
§e§emin (IFb) = sixth. See §e§a.
§e§e (JBl-A/SK) = sixth. See §e§a.
§e§ek f. (-a; ). a sixth, 1/6. [also: §e§yek (K);
§e§yek (A); <§e§ek JLi^/§e§yek JL^> (HH)} Sor
§e§yek (Sulaimania & Kerkuk) /§e§-yek
(Arbil) [Zeb/AR/HH//A//K]
§e§sed j<widJ:/§e§ sed (SK) num. six
hundred, 600. [also: §esid (EH/B/F)} Av x§vas
satais [obi.]; Sor §e§sed ; Za §e§ sey
[EH/B/F//K/SK] <§e§>
§e§xan»e /. ( ;•§). 1) (syn: §e§derb; t’ifing)
six-chamber rifle; 2) [syn: §e§derb) sixshooter
pistol, revolver (B). [also: [chech-khane] (JJ);
<§e§xane> (HH11 [K/A/B/JJ/HH1
§e§yek (K/HH) = a sixth. See §e§ek.
§e§ye (JBl-S) = sixth. See §e§a.
■ ■
§e§}^ek (A) = a sixth. See §e§ek.
§et m. (-e; ). river, particularly the Tigris, [also:
[sciahht] ki (JJ); <§et> ki (HH)) [syn: av [2]; g’em;
ro II; rubar) < Ar satt ki [MC-1/K//JJ//HH]
§etrenc (GF) = chess. See setrenc.
§ev I J uiji f (-a;-e). night: -i§ev = tonight; -niv§
§eve = midnight; -§eva baran§ = rainy night [lit.
'night of rain’]; -§eva di (Bw) night before last, two
nights ago (as opposed to §ivedl = 'last night'};
-§eve (B) at night; -§evedi (qv.)/§iv§di = last
night; -§evtir = night before last [l’autre nuit];
-§evtira di = three nights ago. [also: §ew (SK);
[chew] Jlz, (JJ); <§ev .J^/§ev (HH)) [Pok.
kysep-(?) 649.] and similar words for 'dark': Skt
ksap/ksapd- = 'night 1 ; Av xsap- = ’darkness; night’
(M, v.l, p.220); P sab <^:; Sor §ewj^; Za §ew /.
(Todd); Hau §ewe f. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/TF//SK] <evar; hiv; roj; §evedi; §iv>
§ev II Jcu; (K/B) = alum. See §eb.
§eva din (IFb) = last night. See §evedi.
§evadi (K) = last night. See §ev@di.
§eva du^jU'Ai: (OK) = last night. See §ev£di.
576
§evar§ (Btm) = country road, rough path. See
••
§iver§.
§evberi L ^ r J^ (K) = evening entertainment. See
**
§evbuh&rk.
§evberk J (Frq) = evening entertainment See
§evbuherk.
§evbiheri (B) = evening entertainment. See
»•
§evbuherk.
§evbori (IFb) = evening entertainment. See
■ ■
§evbuherk.
§evbuherk f (-a;-e). evening or nightly
entertainments ( conversations, games, storytelling,
etc.) [Cf. Ar musamarah s^L^]: -§evberi kirin
(K)/§evbiheri ~(B)/§evbuh§rk derbaz
~(IFb/Haz) to pass [or, spend] the night (partaking
of such entertainments): *§evbuherka xwe li
vir derbaz kirin (IFb) They passed the night
here, {also: $evberi (K); §evberk (Frq); §evbiheri
(B); §evbori (IFb-2); §evbuburi (B-2); §evbuwar
(TF); §evbuwerk (Haz-2); §everk (Frq-2)) Sor
§ewb[u]wer kirdin jj _jK- 'to pass tbe night
with entertainments' [Haz/IFb/GF//K//Frq//B//TF]
§evbuhuri (B) = evening entertainment. See
■ •
§evbuherk.
§evbuwar (TF) = evening entertainment. See
§evbuherk.
§evbuwerk J(Haz) = evening entertainment.
See §evbuherk.
§evder (A/HH/GF) = spending the night out. See
§eveder.
§eveder jO J adj. spending the night outside;
camping out; staying out all night (of young men)
(Hk): •Cihu mecidiyek nezr kir ku kure wi
§eveder nebit. Pi§ti ku kure wi §eveder bd
ji, du mecidi nezr kirin da ku venegerite
mal (Hk) The Jew pledged 1 cent if his son would
not stay out late at night. After his son started
staying out late, he pledged 2 cents so that he
would not return home, {also: §evder (A/GF);
[chewe der main] qjC jj (JJ); <§evder> jjJJ:
(HH)) Cf. NENA savadar in: hal Tmma, ula soqit
yala Savadar (YSZx #56) = 'Give a hundred (coins),
and do not let (your) child spend the night in the
streets’ [Hk/K/JJ/TF///A/HH/GF]
§eveq (B) = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ev£di adv. last night, yesterday night:
#*
•Gavan got-§, ey bira tu gira be k§f i?
§ivan got, min §evedi xewnek diye lewre
ez b£ kSf im (Rnh 2:17, p.306) The cowherd
said to him, "Brother, why are you so unhappy?”
The shepherd answered, "Last night I had a dream,
that’s why Pm unhappy.” {also: §eva din (IFb);
§evadi (K); §eva du (OK); §evedu (OK-2); §ivedi
(Bw); [chew-a douhouni] Ui (JJ)) Note that for
Bw, §eva di = 'night before last, two nights ago'
{as opposed to §ivedl = 'last night)
[Rnh//IFb//K//OK//Bw//JJ] <$ev I>
§evedu^Al9^ (OK) = last night. See §evedx.
§everk (Frq) = evening entertainment. See
§evbuherk.
§evin f ( ;-e). night feeding (of animals) ; night
grazing (of animals) (A/HH): *Caxa §evine ji pif
dikim bilbre (AB) At the time of the night
feeding (or, pasturing) I blow on my flute, {also:
§evini (IF-2); [chewin] (JJ); <§evini>
(HH)) {syn: palin) For a description of the entire
milking cycle among Kurdish nomads, See: B.
Nikitine. Les Kurdes : etude sociologique et
historique (Paris: Imprimerie nationale : Librairie
C. Klincksieck, 1956), p. 50, note 1.
[AB/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF//HH] <g’erin; dotin; hevez =
hev§i; palin; §ev I>
§evini (IF/HH) = night feeding or grazing of
• •
animals. See §evin.
§evkor adj. 1) suffering from night-blindness,
night-blind, nyctalopic [cf. Ar a‘sa LS ^\)
(K/A/IF/HH/Bw); 2) near-sighted, weak-sighted,
myopic (K/JJ); 3) short-sighted (K). {also: [chew-kor]
(JJ); <§evkor> (HH)) |§evkori)
[JR/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/Bw]
§evkori f. (). 1) night-blindness; 2) myopia,
near-sightedness. [K/IFb/GF/TF] <§evkor>
§evrevink JLJo. u; m. (). bat, zool. Chiroptera.
( also: <§evrevink> (HH)) {syn: barg’imok;
gekgekile; gil II; pirgemek; §ev§evok)
[Bw/IFb/HH/GF/OK/RZ]
§ev§evik (IFb) = bat (zool.). See §ev§evok.
§ev§evok m. Q. bat, zool. Chiroptera.
{also: §ev§evik (IFb)) ( syn: barg’imok; gekgekile; gil
II; pirgemek; §evrevink) [Haz/GF/RZ//IFb]
§evxiin (GF) = surprise night attack. See
§ebeyxdn.
§ew 3 <u; (SK) = night. See §ev.
§ewaq = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ewat f. (-a;-§). 1 ) {also: §ewate (IFb)} {syn:
♦
agir; ar 1} flame, fire; 2) {also: §ewate (IFb)} fuel
577
for heating an oven or furnace (B); 3) passion,
ardor, heat: -[bi] k’el u §ewat (Z-l)
passion(ately); 4) burn, scald(ing), wound from
being burnt; pain: •Birina ser destd wi ji
§ewateye (B) The wound on his hand is from
a burn; -§ewata dil (B) heartache, emotional
pain; 5) damage, devastation (OK): •[Sibat e,
gi §er e u gi §ewat e, xwezi niv mehada
nehata] (BG) February, what struggling and
what devastation, I wish there were no such
month [lit., that it did not come among the
months] [proverbial saying], [also: [chevat
o1>£/chevate Ai'l^/chevati (JJ); <§ewat>
(HH); [chouat] (BG)} Cf. Ar sawa = ’to
broil, grill, roast' [Z-l/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/OK//
HH//BG] <§ewitandin; §ewitin>
§ewate <0*1^ (IFb) = flame; fuel. See §ewat.
§eweq = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ewitandin vt. (-§ewit!n-). 1) to set on fire,
light, kindle, ignite: «Eze herim be’re
bi§ewtinim (Dz) I will go set the sea on fire
p§ t’erte sergin be’r t§ §ewitandin? (Dz) but
does the sea get ignited (=can the sea be set on fire)
by pressed dung?; 2) ( syn: sotin) to burn (vt.) :
•Isote dev§ min §ewitand (AB) The pepper
burnt my mouth, [also: §ewtandin; [chevitandin]
gjjjb^ (JJ); <§ewitandin (di§ewitine)
(HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/BK]
<sotin; sutin; §ewat; §ewitin>
§ewitin vi. (-§ewit-). 1) to burn (vi.) , be on
fire: «Dil§ wi bi gavan §ewiti (L) He felt sorry
for the cowherd [lit. 'His heart burned for the
cowherd’] •Dil& wi ser xebata wi di§ewite (B)
He’s worried sick about his work; -[ji] serma
§ewitin (B) to be numb with cold; 2) to decline,
deteriorate. See §ihitin. [also: [chevitin] (JJ);
<§ewitin (di§ewiti) (HH))
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH] <sotin; sutin; §ewat;
§ewitandin>
§ewq shine, brilliance, luster; light:
•Bi bedewtiya Osib, bi §ewqa dindara wi
g 5 ev§ wi sax dibe (Ba) From Joseph's beauty,
from the lustre of his countenance, his (=Jacob’s)
eyes become whole (or, well) # Li ber §ewqa
roj§ dibiriqin (Alkan, 70) They were shining
from the brilliance of the sun. [also: [cheouq]
01 ); <§ewq> ^ 3 ^ (HH)} According to Redhouse , T
§avk [j^] = 'light' < §afak < Ar safaq =
’twilight, dusk' rather than Ar §awq = ’desire’
[Ba/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Msr] cfonahi I>
§ewtandin ^jjjbj^ = to ignite, light; to burn (vt.) . See
§ewitandin.
§exsiyet (IFb) = personality; identity. See
§exsiyet.
§exsiyet 3 .^ f. (-a; ). 1 ) [syn: kesaneti}
personality: *Ev helwest nahele ku HEP bibe
xwedi §exsiyet (Wit 1:43) This attitude does not
allow HEP to have a personality of its own; 2 )
identity, [also: §exsiyet (IFb)} < Ar Saxslyah ^ 36 ^
[Ber//IFb]
§exre o(GF) = transporting grain. See §ixre.
§eyi m. (). shayi, a petty coin [USSR]; five-
• •
kopeck coin (B); Persian coin, 1/200 of a tuman
(Lopat, p. 11 , note # 1 ). Cf. NA sai [Urmia]
(Garbell) [Z-922/K/B] <kapek; manat; p’ere I>
§eylojL*U (K[s]) = turbid, cloudy. See §@lo.
§eytan/§eyt’an [B] ^jbq^ m. ( ; §eyt§n). 1 ) devil,
satan (lit. & fig.) [a taboo word among the Yezidis]:
•Daimi xiyala §eytani ew e, weliyan
sofiyan tobekaran ji r§ka beKe§t§ ti.
necate derexit u bibete ser reka
cehennem§ helaki (SK 4:42) The devil’s
thoughts are always directed toward leading holy
and pious and repentant men astray from the road
to paradise and salvation and setting them on the
road to hell and destruction «§eytan p§l
kir/§eytan pe k’eni (Msr) He had a wet dream
or nocturnal emission *§eytan p§ li min kir
(Msr) I had a wet dream; 2 ) [adj.] cunning, wily,
clever, shrewd, crafty: «Lawik geliki §eytan
bti. (L) The boy was quite a little devil «§§x ti.
beg tl axa zor bo Kal§ xo menfe { et§
zatiye xo zana u §eytan in, emma re c iyet
zor begare ft nezan ft weK§i ne (SK 56:655)
The shaikhs and begs and aghas are very wise and
cunning in looking after their own case and their
personal profit, but the peasantry are quite hapless
and rude and ignorant, [also: [cheitan] (JJ);
<§eytan> (HH)} < Ar gaytan (jlk^ {§eytani;
§eytanti I [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <cin;
dew; ferKit; ji me getir>
§eytani ^Lq^ f. (). devilishness, devilry, [also:
§eytanti (K-2)} [K/IFb/TF] <§eytan>
§eytanok .Jjjlq^ m. (). snail, [syn: guhgeytan;
hiseynok) [L/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF]
§eytanti ^Lq ^ (K) = devilishness. See §eytani.
/
578
§§ ££ adj. word denoting the coloring of horses:
••
1) light brown, reddish; chestnut (of horse) [Fr
alezan] (K/JJ); yellowish (of horse or mule) (IF);
isabel, dun (coloring of a horse) (B); roan, sorrel
(of a horse) [Ar a§qar ^*H] (HH): # Hespe me
herseka §ene (Z-l) All three of our horses are
chestnut colored (or-white on the forehead and
on three legs); 2) with a white forehead and three
white legs (of horse) (A); 3) { syn: gur II; kej)
blond(e), fair-haired (B). I also: [chi] ^ (JJ);
<§e> ^ (HH)) <proto Ir *(a-)xsaita-; cf. Arm
a&xet tu^Hui = 'sorrel or chestnut (color)’
[Z-l/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ] <qule>
§ef sJUJl (M2) = furrow. See §ov.
§elan vt (-§§1-). 1) {syn: hevir kirin; stiran II) to
knead (K[s]/OK/M); 2) to stir (for solid things made
liquid by stirring) (Zeb). [Zeb/K(s)/OK/M]
§elandin (K/IFb/B) = to strip; to plunder, rob.
See §elandin.
§elavk (Bw) = pancreas; rennet bag. See §ilav.
§elig (IFb) = volJey. See §elik.
§§lik f.(Zeb)/m.(SK) (-a/;-e/). volley, fusillade;
•Selim Beg se-sed meret bijare digel xo
Takirin, niw-sa c et beri spede hawete ser
Binawoke: §eliket tifengan li dil yek
kirine gundi (SK 41:400) Selim Beg took 300
chosen men with him and half an hour before
dawn flung them against Binawok: they fired
volleys one after tbe other on the village •Wexte
li Sofi c Ebdullah rast hatin, §elikeki
tifengan kirine muroet §exi, se ku§tin, yek
birindar kirin [sic] (SK 48:508) When they
came up to Sofi Abdullah, they fired a rifle volley
at the Shaikh's men, killing three and wounding
one; -dane ber §elige tifinga (IFb) to fire on (a
place) in volleys, {also: §elig (IFb)) Cf. P sallk/selllk
dLh, = ’volley, discharge, report (of gun)’; Sor §elig
[Zeb/SK//IFb] <derb; gulebaran>
§§lim -Jli f ( ;-e). turnip, bot. Brassica rapa. {also:
[chilim] Ai: (JJ); <§elim> (HH)} (syn: bin'erdk
[1]) Cf. P §alyam -ils --> T §algam;~> Ar saljam
^L; Sor §elim [F/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ//HH]
<silq>
§§lo ylZJ: adj. turbid, muddy, cloudy, roiled (of water)
: -ava §£lti (B) turbid water, {also: §eylo (K[s]);
§elu (F/K/B/GF); §ilo (Msr); §weli (SK); [chilou]
(JJ); <§ilo> (HH)) f^befaq; ^zelal) Cf. Sor §iluq
ja^U/^iloq jyU = ’disturbed, confused'
[Msr/HH//A/JB3/IFb//F/K/B/GF//JJ//K(s]//SKj <tir II>
§elu (F/K/B/GF) = turbid, cloudy. See §elo.
§emik JLli (GF) = threshold. See §emik.
§emik «iJL f. (-a;-e). threshold: •P’iye hesp6
§emika deri k’et, Werdeka de pe Eesiya
(FK-kk-13:125) The horse's foot caught on the
threshold of the door, [and] Mother Werdek heard
it [lit. ’became aware of it’], {also: §emik (GF);
§emug (IFb); [chimik] (JJ)} (syn: derg’ik;
§ipane) [JR/JJ//K/B/Ba2/F/XF//GF//IFb] <fexderi>
§emug (IFb) = threshold. See §emik.
§en adj. l) {syn: ava) flourishing, blossoming,
blooming, thriving (K); cultivated (land) (K);
inhabited, well-populated; prosperous: »Xwed§
bedena te §§n bike (Qzl) May God give you
children »Xwede ware te §en bike (Frq) May
your house prosper [or, continue]; -§en b"dn (B) to
prosper: »Gund§d me §en dibin (B) Our
villages are prospering; 2) abundant, rich (K); well-
equipped: -mala §en (B) a house with all the
modern conveniences; 3) happy, lively (A/IFb):
•Civat ker bd, le Ali§§r hat, civat §§n kir
(Qzl) The assembly was quiet, but Alisher came
and livened it up. Cf. Arm sinel z.h'^L = 'to
build' & senk‘ z.t'ug = 'building’ ; Geo a-sen-eb =
'to build'; T §en = ’merry, well-populated and
prosperous, flourishing, thriving'; some link this
with [hefein = 'green' {§enahi; §enayi; §inahi;
§inayi; §inkayi} [Ba3/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/Qzl/Frq]
§enahi f (). l) prosperity (JB3); 2)
• •
cheerfulness, gaiety, merriment (IF), {also: §enayi
(K/A); §inabi (K); §inayi (K); §inkayi (K))
[K/A/JB3/IFb] <be§inati; §en; §eni>
§enayi (K/A) = prosperity; merriment. See
§enahi.
§eni L yZp / f. (). 1) populated area; settled area; 2) [pi.]
• •
population, inhabitants, townspeople, people of (a
place): *Ew gazen jahre, gazen firmisk
rijandine, li ser §eniyen Nisebin§ diav§jin
(Wit 2:59, p.13) They cast poisonous gases, tear
gas, over the population (or, populated areas) of
Nusaybin »Ji gar sed ft bist §§niy§n gund§
me bi kemani he§t kes£n wan har, deh6
wan din, biste wan cini ... (Lab, 68) Of the
420 inhabitants of our village, at least 8 of them
are rabid, 10 of them crazy, 20 of them possessed
579
by the jinn, {also: [chini] LJ y T z (JJ)}
[Wlt/K/IFb/GF//JJ] <hey§et; §en; §enahi>
§6r I yy m. (-e; ). 1) lion: *§er §er e, gi m§ ye
gi ner e (AB) A lion is a lion, whether it is female
or male [prv.]; 2) Leo (astr.) ; 3) personal name.
{also: [chir] (JJ); <§er> (HH)) Cf. Skt simha-
2 i 2 .; Khwarezmian sry; Sgd sryw [sary-u-]; Pahl &
Mid P sagr (M3); Southern Tati dialects:
Eshtehardi sir m. (Yar-shater); P sir (originally ser)
Sor §er Jy\ Za §er m./f. (Todd), for a theory
about alternating n/r before X [e.g., **sery/*seny],
See W. B. Henning, “A Grain of Mustard,” Annali
dellTstituto universitario Orientale di napoli.
sezione linguistica, 6 (1965), 29-47. [F/K/A/IFb/
B/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <piling; p’isik; we§eq>
§@r II yy f. ( ;-e). poetry; poem. 1 also : §iir (IFb); §Tr
(SK/OK); [chear] (JJ)} { syn : helbest; hozan I)
<Ar si‘r_^ [F/K/B//IFb//SK/(GF)/OK//JJ]
§erin (y_yy (L/A/IFb/HH/OK) = sweet. See §irin.
§erini ^yyy (A/IFb/OK) = sweetness. See §irini.
§§rkoh Jt^yy in. Q. man's name [lit. 'lion of the
mountains’]. < §er = 'lion' + koh = ’mountain,’ cf. P
koh c>y - 'mountain' [Haz]
§Sst nuni. sixty, 60. {also: §e§t (IF-2); [chest]
(JJ); <§est> o-—: (HH)] Skt sastay-; Av
xsvastlm [acc.]; Mid P sast (M3); P sast Sor
§est Za §esti (Todd); Hau §es (M4) [BX/
Z-l/EP-7/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ] <§e§>
§e§t ovili (IF) = sixty. See §est.
§@t o y adj . crazy, mad, insane, (syn: din II; nehi§]
< Arc seda KT’ti7 = 'devil'-The insane were
thought to be possessed by a devil, or a jinn, cf.
Arab majnun = ’possessed by jinn also
P seyda - 'passionate, frenzied'; Sor §et =
'crazy; Hau §et (M4) (§eti| [K(s)/A/IFb/SK/GF/OK]
§@ti ^jiy f. (). madness, insanity, (syn: dinayi; nehi§i)
[IFb/GF/OK] <§et>
§§w*ir f. (»ra;*re). 1) {syn: §iret [1]| advice:
•bi §§wra wana (EP-7) on their advice »§ewra
qenciye (B) good advice; -§ewr dayin (B) to
give advise; 2) deliberation, parley, {also: §e wr
(IF/B); [chivir]_^i (JJ); <§ewir> j$y (HH)( < Ar
§awara III = 'to consult’ [EP-7/IFb/B/GF/TF/
/K/HH//JJ]
§§wirin (-§@wir-). to ask or seek s.o.'s
advice, to consult (with) s.o.: *Ew min na§Swire
(B) He doesn't consult with me; -lev (=li hev)
§§wirin (K/EP-7) to take counsel, deliberate,
consult with one another. { also: §ewirtin (IF-2);
§ewrin (EP-7); [chivirin] (y^y (JJ)) < Ar §awaraIII
jjU = 'to consult' [L/K/IFb/B//EP-7//JJ]
§ewirtin yyy (IF) = to consult with s.o. See §§wirin.
§ewr yy (IF/B) = advice; deliberation. See §Swir.
§ewrin (y^yy (EP-7) = to consult with s.o. See
§ewirin.
§ex m. (-e; ). shaikh, spiritual leader: "There are
several ways in which a person may derive
political and economic leverage from association
with the Divine. This is done most successfully in
Kurdistan by the shaikhs ... these popular saints
and religious leaders ... their primary roles ... are
that of holy man, object of popular devotion, and
that of leader-instructor in mystical brotherhoods
(dervish or sufi orders) ... Because of the respect
they enjoy they are ideal mediators in conflicts,
which in turn gives them political leverage ... in
Kurdistan only two [dervish orders] are present: the
Qadiri and Naqshbandi orders. All shaikhs belong
to either of these." [from: Martin van Bruinessen.
Agha, Shaikh and State : The Social and Political
Structures of Kurdistan (London: Zed Books,
1992), pp. 205 & 210; see entire chapter for full
discussion of the shaikh ]: »Her §exek ft her
axayek ft her begek nabit pad§ahek bit, ft
gawa Kez biket weto digel re c iyeta begare
biket (SK 56:654) Every shaikh and agha and beg
cannot be a king and do as he pleases with the
hapless peasantry Ȥex ft beg ft axa zor bo
Kale xo ft menfe c et§ zatiye xo zana ft
§eytan in, emma re £ iyet zor begare ft
nezan ft weK§i ne (SK 56:655) The shaikhs and
begs and aghas are very wise and cunning in
looking after their own case and their personal
profit, but the peasantry are quite hapless and rude
and ignorant, {also: [chekh] ^y (JJ); <§ex> ^y
(HH)) < Ar sayx £y\ Sor §ex ~y = 'sheikh, title of
spiritual guide in mystical dervish order’ (§exeti;
§exini; §exiti) [K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <axa;
beg; mela>
§exeti f ( ;-ye). title, rank, position, or
calling of shaikh; shaikhhood: *Bab ft bapirSt
§@x c Ebdulqadir postni§in bftne, re’is@t
roKani bftne, Wezifa wan ir§ad e ft §exeti
ye, dibit ew c elaqey §ola siyasi neken (SK
53:571) The ancestors of Shaikh Abdulqadir have
been Sufis and spiritual leaders. Their duty is
teaching and following the calling of Shaikh. They
should not concern themselves with political
580
matters xelife ji teref §§x ‘Usman
izna §£xtnty§ wergirt. Bfl §§x, hatewe bo
naw £ e§ireta Balikan (SK 45:434) He became a
Khalifa and received the licence to teach as a
shaikh from Shaikh Usman. He became a shaikh
and came back among the Balik tribe # Her ti§te
xud& biket kes ne§et men c biket. Xud£
melati fi. seydati xeltfett daye min. Li
nik wi senai ye §exeti ji bidete min (SK
46:448) No man can prevent what God does. God
gave me my position as Mullah and Teacher and
Khalifa. It is easy for him to give me the position
of Shaikh also, {also: §exini (SK-2); §exiti (TF)|
note: in SK, MacKenzie glosses §dxetl as rank of
shaikh' and §exTni as 'shaikhhood'; Sor §exeti
= ’status of sheikh' [IFb/SK//TF] <§ex>
§exini (SK) = shaikhhood. See §@xeti.
§exiti (TF) = shaikhhood. See §exeti.
§ib m.(OK)/f.(Zeb/Dli) (). bronze, fake gold. { syn:
birinc II; mefreq) [Zeb/Dh/OK] <mis; sifir I>
§ibak ^JLj: /. ( ;-e). window, {also: §ibaq II (IF-2);
[chebak] JLi (JJ); <§ebak> JLi (HH)) [syn:
p’encere) < Ar subbak JLi [L/K/IFb//JJ/HH]
§ibandin vt. (-§ibm-). to liken stg. to, cause
to resemble; to mistake stg. [direct oh].] for stg.
else [dat. constr.] : *Min tu §ibandi keseki din
(Msr) I likened you to s.o. else, [i.e., I thought you
were s.o. else, I mistook you for s.o. else), [also:
§ibihandin [K[s]); [chebihandin qj . jjl^i/shibandin
(Rh)] (JJ)) <Ar sabiha = ’to resemble’;
Sor §ibhandin (-$ibhen-) = ’to liken (pe =
to)’ [Msr/IFb//K(s)/JJ] <§ibin>
§ibaq I (L) = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ibaq II jLi (IF) = window. See §ibak.
§ibat oLi (GF/OK) = February. See Sibat.
§ibeF (JBl-A) = like, similar to. See §it! II.
§ibet’i (JBl-A/M-Am) = like, similar to. See §iti
II. ‘
§ibhe (K/IFb) = doubt; suspicion. See §ebh.
§ibihin Ji [K[s]) = to resemble. See §ibin.
§ibihandin (K[s]) = to liken to. See §ibandin.
§ibit (Bw) = dill. See §iwit.
§ibin Vi. (-§ib-). [+ dat. constr.] to resemble,
look like: •Herdu ji di§ib£n [sic] hev (IFb)
They look alike • Tu di§ibi bave xwe (Msr)
You look like your father, {also: §ibihin (K[sj);
[chibehin ^y^Jo/chibSin (JJ)} {syn: man [4])
<Ar V§-b-h: Sabiha ^ = 'to resemble'; Sor §ibhan
(-§ibhe-) pe = ’to resemble’ [Msr/IFb//K(s)/JJ]
<§ibandin; §iti II>
§icing f. (-a; ). broom, {syn: avlek; cerivk
(Bw); gezi; k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel;
sivnik; sizik; §irt I) [Krs]
§idandin vt. (-§idin-). 1) to bind tightly,
tighten (K); to saddle up (vt.) : # Ez£ rabim,
hesp& xwe bi§idinim D suwar bibim (L) I
will get up, saddle up my horse and mount it
•Stiya 'Ereb, de rabe dergH§a kuri li ber
p’estra xwe bi§idine, / Ji ber min bireve ti
bilezine (Z-2, p,85) Lady Ereb, get up and fasten
the infant[’s cradle] to your garment [like a
papoose], / Then quickly flee before me; -teng
§idandin (B) to tighten the saddle-girth; 2) to
strengthen, reinforce: -xwe §idandin (IFb) to get
ready to strike or attack: *Ev gur giha ser§
merge u xwe §idand u bere xwe da mihe
(SW) This wolf reached the meadow, got himself
all geared up and headed for the sheep; 3) to stress,
emphasize, accentuate; 4) [syn: badan [4]) to screw
in (Bw); 5) [f. ().] stress, emphasis, accent (Bw).
[also: [chidandin] (JJ); <§idandin
(di§idine) (HH)) < Ar sadda = ’to puli’
[L/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Bw] <[3): dernefis>
§ifte f. Q. grilled ground beef or lamb with
onion, parsley, and spices, {also: <§ifte> (Hej)}
Sor $ifte AjJlZ [Zeb/Hej/OK]
§iftik JsJl: (HH) = grape vine branches. See §irtik.
§ifti m. (). watermelon, bot. Citrullus vulgaris,
[also: §iti I (Bw); §imti (Zeb); $ivti (K[s]/OK-2/AA);
[chiwti/chouwti] (JJ)) {syn: k’al III; zebe§) Cf.
Sor §uti (Arb. §ifti
[IFb/GF/OK/M//JJ//K(s)/AA//Bw//Zeb]
§ihitin vi. (-§ihit-). to weaken (vi.), (go into)
decline; to decay, deteriorate, degenerate, collapse;
to be spoiled, be ruined, to fail: •Hil§andina
sistema sovyet£, gel& me di nava wan
welaten mezin de belav kir. gelek j§, ji
war§ xwe y£ bere §ihitin, hal§ wan §
abort jt xerab bh (Wit 2:59, p.16) The collapse
of the soviet system dispersed our people among
those large countries. Many of them have not
done well in their previous place, their economic
situation was also bad. [also: ^e'etin (Gz); §ewitin
[2] (M); §ihitin (-§iFiit-) (B)} (syn: hi 1 we§in) Cf. Arc
§ehat orUi? = 'to be spoilt' & Syr §ehat = ’to
581
3
harm, abuse, violate’ [Wlt/K//B//Gz//M] cbelengaz;
§erpeze>
§ihin f ( scales, balance, {also: §ehin
(K[s]/A/IFb-2/GF/TF/Kmc-9-2); [chin ^^i/chihin
(stir] (IJh <§ehin> (HH)j {syn: mezin; t’erazi]
Cf. P sahln = ’beam of a balance, pointer of a
scale' [§nx/Kmc-9/IFb/JJ/0K//K(s)/A/HH/GF/TF]
§ifiitin (-§ihit-) (B) = to decline, deteriorate. See
§ihitin.
§iir (IFb) = poetry. See §er II.
§ijun (B) = large needle. See §ujin.
§ik ciLi f (-a;-6). doubt; suspicion: -b6 §ik (B)
doubtless, undoubtedly; -k’etin §ika (Ba2) to be
in doubt, have one’s doubts: •Bir§ min, gimki
tu dik’evi §ika, were em keriyg p6z vira
bih61in, herne qiraxe xilxile (Ba2:2, p.205)
My brother, because you are having doubts, come
let's leave the flock of sheep here and go to the
edge of the mountain-ridge; -ser fk-e k’etin
§ike (B) to suspect s.o. (of stg.); -§ik birin = a) to
doubt: •Aqti. p’frxember dibine, ku jin §ike
dibe ser wi (Ba) Jacob the prophet sees that [his]
wife doubts him; b) to suspect: # Aqub, tu §ike
neve ser gura, zeda Osiv deste birane (Ba3-
3, #22) Jacob, do not suspect the wolves, whatever
happened to Joseph was at the hands of his
brothers; -§ik kirin (JB3) to suspect; -§ik pe§da
anin (B) to arouse or excite suspicion; -§ik H
§a[y]i§ (B) doubts, suspicions; worries: *Ez
k’etme §ik ft §ayi§a, 16 ap6 Kot6 ber xwe
nedik’et (Ba2-#2, p. 205) I began to get worried,
but uncle Kotey was not perturbed, {also: [chek]
cXi (JJ) ; <§ik> (HH)1 {syn: §ebh| < Ar sakk lii
[Ba/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ] chesehes;
§ayi§>
§ikaet oJobX (SK) = complaint. See §ikyat.
§ikal JlsX (Haz/Msr) = (old) shoe. See §ekal.
§ikandin (JJ/GF/TF/OK) = to break. See
§k6nandin.
§ikar jlSCi f. ( ;-§). 1) \syn: neg’ir; rav I; seyd)
hunting, the chase: -gun §ikare (K) to go hunting;
2) game, quarry, {also: [sekar] JSJ: (JJ-Khurasan)}
[Pok. 3. (s)ker- (933. &) 935.] 'to turn, bend; to
move, return': O Ir *skar- (Ras, p.132): Av skar- =
’to chase' in skarayat-raGa = ’chariot-chasing’; P
§ikar = 'hunt, chase’ [K/IFb/OK//JJ]
§ikargi ^j ls3 m. (). hunter, huntsman. ( syn:
neg’irvan; seydvan) <§ikar>
§ikayet (IFb) = complaint. See §ikyat.
§ikeft o(K/IFb/TF/BK) = cave. See §keft,
§ikestin (K/JJ/GF/TF/OK) = to break (vi.), See
§kestin.
§iket (BK) = cave. See §keft.
§ikev J f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: bot [l]} (wooden)
trough; 2) tub, wash basin; basin (for dough) (B);
3) barrel, {also: §kef (A-2); §kev (K-2/B/GF-2);
[chikew] vjCi (JJ); <§kev> (HH)}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//B/HH] <afir>
gikeva b«dX (TF/RF/FJ) = unleavened. See §keva.
§ikenandin (TF) = to break. See §k6nandin.
§iker jSl (TF/Wlt 2:59, p.15) = pile of stones. See
§k§r.
§ik*il Js2 in. (• le; ). 1) {syn: te§e (neol); teva 1}
form, shape; aspect, appearance: *Ez §ekl§ wi
didem (Bw) I look like him [=Ez §iti [or weki)
wi me] •Heywanek heye di bine behre de,
di §ikl6 hespan e (L) There is an animal at the
bottom of the sea, in the shape of a horse; 2) {syn:
wene] picture, drawing, painting, image (K/B):
-§ikil kirin/k’i§andin (K/B) = a) to draw, depict,
paint; b) to take a picture of, photograph; 3)
photograph (K/B). {also: §e kil; §ikl (SK/GF); [chekil]
JS2 (JJ); <§ikl> JsX (HH)] < Ar sakl JSX —> T §ekil;
Sor §iki jsX = 'form'; Za §ikil in. = 'picture'
[L/HH/SK/GF//F/K/B/IFb/JBl-A//JJ]
§ikir (K/IFb/B/HH/GF) = gratitude. See §ikirin [l].
§ikirin f (-a;-e). 1) gratitude, thankfulness,
thanks: -§ikirina xwe anin (K) to express one’s
gratitude: *§ikri[n]6 ji Tebb§ xwera tine (Z-2)
He expressed his thanks to God; 2) Thank God:
•§ikir [xwedera] tu sax u silameti (B) Thank
god you're safe and sound; -§ikir xwedSra (B)
do. {also: §ikir (K-2/IFb/B/GF); [choukr] (JJ);
<§ikir> (HH)) < Ar sukr [EP-
7/K//IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ]
§ikl (SK/HH/GF) = form; picture. See §ikil.
§ikoke (GF) = wild pear. See §ekok.
§ikyat obXi m. (). 1) {syn: gazin; gill I[2]} complaint:
-§ikyat kirin (B) to complain; 2) (syn: gazin)
legal suit, law suit, [also: §ekiyat; §ikaet (SK);
§ikayet (IFb); §ikyet; §kat; §kiyat; §kyat; [cheka lS2/
chikaiet (JJ) ) < Ar Sikayah £j\ SX—> P Sekayat
v
oolSX—> T §ikayet; Sor §kat obX & sikale SX
[K/B//IFb//SK//JJ]
§ikyatgi m. (). complainer; litigant, plaintiff.
■■
{also : §ikyatker (K); §katker; [chkat-ker]
CJJ)[Sor]} [Z-1/EP-7//K//JJ]
582
§ikyatker _,aSjL& (K) = complainer; litigant. See
§ikyatg!.
§ikyet = complaint. See §ikyat.
§il I J-i adj. wet (of living things , e.g., earth , hair, iips;
whereas ter [qv.] is wet of inanimate things) ;
damp; moist ziwa): -§il bun (K/A/JB3) to
become wet; -§il kirin (K/A/JB3) to wet, moisten,
dampen (vt) : *Dikeve ave, §il nabe [sih] (L)
It falls into the water, [but] it doesn't get wet [rdl.;
ans.: a shadow], {also: [ch.il] Jj; (JJ); <§il> <_b (HH)}
(syn: nem; tef; ^fii§k; ^ziwa) (§ilati; §iliti; §il!)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/Ag]
§il II J J: adj. paralyzed, lame, limp (of hand): *Ez ne
j[i] t’opalim, ji p’iya / ne kerrim, ji guha /
ne §ilim, ji desta (FK-kk-13:124) I am neither
lame in the feet / nor deaf in the ears / nor limp in
the hands, {also: §el I (IFb/GF); [chill] Jj; (JJ); <§el>
J-i (HH)) {syn: goc; qop; §eht) < Ar asall Jud (Vs-1-
1) = 'paralyzed, lame'; Sor §el [FK-kk-13/K IBIJJI
SK//IFb/HH/GF] <leilg>
§ilati (K) = wetness, moisture. See §ili [1].
»•
§ilavik (IFb) = pancreas; rennet bag. See §!lav.
§il61 Jib ni. Q. rye, bot. Secale cereale. {also: §ilil
(K); [child/shilel/shilll (Rh)] Jjb (JJ); <§il§l> JJi
(HH); <§ilel> Jib (Hej)) (syn; ag’ar II)
[Kmc-6/IFb/HH/GF/Hej//K/JJ]
§iler ^ib f. (-a; ). small waterfall, cascade, {also:
[chiler] (JJ-Chodzko [Sulaimania])) {syn: §irav)
[Bw//JJ] <selav; §ip [2]>
§ilf oiii f. (-a;-e). blade, (sharp) edge: *Tu §ilfa §ur
derxe (Z-922) Take off the sword’s blade, {also:
[chilw] Jih (JJ); <§ilf> oLb (HH)) (syn: dev [4]; ti I)
Cf. Ar silfah leb = '(rasor) blade'; W Arm selp
2_fcrip [Z-92 2/K/ A/IFb/HH/GF /TF / /JJ]
§ilfi tazi C £jb C5 ib (Qzl) = stark naked. See §ilf tazl.
♦ • • •
§ilf tazl adj. stark naked: *Ji ciye xwe
radibe, w! xeftanl ji nav mil§n we dide all
ti. kegik §ilf tazi li pe§ wi ye (Epl, p.42) He
gets up from his place, throws aside that caftan on
her shoulders and the girl is standing stark naked
before him. {also: §ilfl tazi (Qzl); §ilf u tazi (IFb)}
(syn; rut} Cf. NENA sulxaya = 'naked' & shalikh =
'to strip, vi.’ (Maclean) [Qzl//Epl//IFb]
§ilf u tazi 3 Uih (IFb) = stark naked. See §ilf tazi.
§ilh jali (GF/TF) = swarm of bees. See §ilxe.
§iliti (A) = wetness, moisture. See §ili [1].
§ili ( jLi f. ( ;-y§). 1) {also: §ilati (K-2); §iliti (A); [chilli]
,>aj)} wetness, moisture: • §ili §ayi ye (Haz)
Wetness is rejoicing, said when water is spilt
accidentally, 2) (syn; baran] rain (Kg/Mzg/M$):
•§ili dibare (M§) It’s raining; 3) rainy weather
(K/A); precipitation (TF): *Dinya §ili ye (Haz)
; It’s rainy outside. [Kg/Haz/Ag/K/A/lFb/B/TF//jj] <§il I>
§ilil JJl (K) = rye. See §ilel.
§ilit c~b (GF) = rope; ribbon. See §erit.
§ilop’*e osp b £(;•§). 1) (syn; xilolik I[2]} snow
mixed with rain (Ag/Wn); 2) (syn; lelav) slush
(K/B); wet snow (B); melting snow (IFb): •Legleg
ji zil tet, wexte hatina we he§ta befr fi.
§ilowe ye, serma ye, bihar niye (SK 29:263)
The stork also comes early. When it comes there is
still snow and slush and it is cold, it is not spring.
{also: §ilove (IFb-2/GF-2); §ilowe (SK)} Cf. Sor
v
§iiewe = ’snow mixed with rain’ [Ag/Wn/K/
IFb/B/GF//SK] cbaran; berf; §ili; zivistan>
§ilopil Jjjli adj. soaking wet, drenched (Wn). [syn:
§il) (Wn]
§ilor £lz f. ( ;-e). type of sour plum, black plum [T
kara erik]: -dara §ilor§ (B) plum tree, [also:
[chilour] (JJ); <§ilor> J3 b (HH)) Cf. Arm salor
uuiLnp [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] <aluge; dembul;
herug [1]; hulire§k; incas>
§ilove oijh, (IFb/GF) = melting snow. See §ilop’e [3].
§ilowe oj&h, (SK) = melting snow. See §ilop’e.
§iloxe *syb (IFb/OK/Zeb) = shoelace. See §!rox.
§iltaqi ^'Lb (GF) = slander. See §ilt’ax.
••
§ilt’ax f. (). slander, libel, calumny: •fEger
xwecihi le bidin u miroveki Ekradan
bikujin, edi Ketta qiyamete §er h §iltax§d
Ekradan xilas nabin] (BN, p.101) If the local
inhabitants beat them or kill one of the Kurds’
men, the battles and squabbles [lit., ’slanders’] of
the Kurds won’t end until Judgement Day: -§iltax
kirin (GF) to slander, accuse, [also: §iltaqi (GF-2);
§iltaxi (TF); <§iltax> ^Uii(BN)} (symaltaxi;
l ewani} Cf. Clq Iraqi Ar saltag = ’to deceive,
cheat, lie’; P seltaq jLU = ’dishonest dealing,
dispute, tumult’; T §iltak [§iltik] = ’slander,
blaming’ [sug atma, karalama] (DS, v. 10, p. 3768)
[BN//K/GF//TF]
§iltaxi ^Lxb (TF) = slander. See §ilt 5 ax.
• •
§ilx (GF) = swarm of bees. See §ilxe.
§ilx*e ^b f. (• a; ). swarm of bees (after splitting off
from main hive, in search of new nest): *Ma tu
nizani li-naw hem! Kurdistan§ ew mesele
me§hiir e, "Hingi m§§§t hingfin! z§de
583
dibin, §ilxan diden ft hingHne gak diken
ko xudane me§an me§eki bikirit u yeki
bixazit yeki bidizit"? (SK 35:315) Don't
you know that all over Kurdistan this saying is
famous: "Bees increase and swarm and make a
good honey when their owner buys a bee, begs
one and steals one”?; -§ulxa me§e (Zeb) do. [also:
§ilh (GF-2/TF); §ilx (GF-2); §ulhe (GF); §ulxe (Zeb)}
I syn: bars) [Zeb//IFb/SK/OK//GF//TF]
§ima LoJ: (K/A/IFb/B/TF/OK) = wax. See §ema.
§imal JLi (F) = north. See §emal [5].
§imam = type of fragrant melon. See §imamok.
§imamok f. (-a;-e). small, yellow fragrant
melon (Kp/B). [also: §emam (K/B); §emamik (IFb-
2); §ememok (Ur); §imam; [chemamouk/simamok]
(}}); <§imamok> j: (HH)} Cf. Ar
Ul
s am mam pLi = 'muskmelon, cantaloupe’ < samma
pi = 'to smell, to sniff [Kp/A/IFb/HH//JJ//K/B//Ur]
<zebe§>
§imaq jLi f. ( ;-e). smack, slap, blow, cuff, [also:
§elmaq (K/B); §emaq II; §eqam (IFb/GF/TF); §iqam
(IFb-2/GF-2); [sciakkam] plSd (JJ); <§iqam
pUu/§imaq c jL-i> (HH)} (syn: sile)
[K/B//A/HH//IFb/GF/TF]
§imik ciLjj f. (-a;-e), slipper(s); slippers in the shape
of wooden-soled sandals for the bath and the home
(B); type of footwear worn by women and sheikhs
(HH). [also: [chimik] JuJ: (JJ); <§imik> du-i (HH)}
[J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <sol>
§imitandin (K/B) = to cause to slip. See
§emitandin.
§imitin (K/B) = to slip. See §emitin.
§imitokT (K/B) = slippery. See §ematoki.
§imti (Zeb) = watermelon. See §ifti.
§ingen (TF) = rattling, clanking. See §ingin.
§ingeni = rattling, clanking. See §ingin.
§ingin f. (-a;-3). rattling, clanking, sound,
noise: *bi §ing!na suwara (MC-1) the sound of
horsemen; -§ingina zengil (B) tinkling of a bell.
[also: §ingen (TF); §ingeni; §ingini; zingin (F)}
[MC-1/K/B/GF//TF//F]
§ingini = rattling, clanking. See §ingin.
§iqam (IFb/HH/GF) = smack, slap. See §imaq.
§iqitandin j jJL iu vt. (-§iqitin-). 1) (syn: §elandin|
to remove, strip, take off (clothing) : »Wana
libas§ kewotka ji Zine §iqitandin [sic] (Z-l)
They took the dove garb off Zin [a girl]; 2) to split,
cleave in two (vt) (IFb/HH/GF/TF); 3) to cause to
climb down (B). [also: §e qitandin (IFb-2/GF/TF/
OK-2); <§eqitandin jjjLii (di§eqitine)
(HH)} [Z-l/K/IFb/B/OK//HH/GF/TF] <§iqitin>
§iqitin jLi vi. (-§iqit-). 1) [syn: ra§iqitin; teKisin)
to slide, slip; 2) to climb down (B); 3) to fall off
(e.g., a button off a shirt): *H§ratiya ser§ we
§iqiti bti (Zerin Tek:RN2 56[1998] 6) Her
headscarf had fallen off; 4) to split (vi.), be split or
cleft in half (HH/GF). [also: §eqitin (IFb); <§eqitin
(di§eqiti) (HH)}
[Ks/K/B//IFb/HH/GF] <alin; §iqitandin>
§i c r (SK/OK) = poetry. See §er II.
§irav <J)>5 f. (-a; ). small waterfall, cascade, [syn:
§iler} [Haz] <selav; §ip [2]>
§ird (L) = condition; bet; task. See §ert.
§ire-§ir kirin (yjf^ (K/B) = to babble, murmur (of
water) . See §ir§irandin.
§irezj>j^ (IFb/JBl-S) = resin; concentrated juice; resin;
must. See §irez.
fringe (IFb) = syringe. See §irinqe.
§irinqe ^ (GF/RZ) = syringe. See §irinqe.
§iri’et (EP-7) = shariah. See §eriet.
§irin I (JBl-A&S/SK/OK) = sweet. See §irin.
§irin II vi. (-§ir-). 1) to murmur, purl (of
running water) ; 2) [£ (-a; )] murmuring, purling
(of running water) : »Denge §irina av6 dibihist
edi (MB-Meyro) She could already hear the
splashing of the water, {also: [chourin] (JJ)}
Cf. P sarldan jjujU = 'to flow with noise'; Sor §ire
o^/§ife§ir ^ = ’murmur (especially of running
water)' [MB/K//JJ] <xulin> See also §ir§irandin.
cgujeguj>
§irini I (SK) = sweetmeat, candy. See §irani.
§irini II (OK) = sweetness. See §irini.
§irinqe f. (). syringe, hypodermic needle, shot,
i also: fringe (IFb); §irinqe (GF/RZ)} <Gr syrinx
crupry^ = 'musical pipe’ —> Eng syringe: T §mnga;
Sor §irinqe [Bw/OK//GF/RZ//IFb] <derzi>
§irit (IFb/B) = rope; string. See §erit [1].
§iro -§iro vekirin (GF)/§iro kirin (B) to
explain, clarify, interpret: •GerekS tu gazi wi
xorti biki, ewe xewna te ji tera §irovebike
(Ba3) You should call that youth: he will explain
your dream to you [also: §irove kirin (IFb/RF)}
[syn: hel kirin; rave kirin; tegihandin) ? < Ar sarh
= ’explanation’ [Ba3/K/B/GF//IFb/RF]
§irqin ^ (L/B) = noise. See §erqin.
§irqini i(B) = noise. See §erqin.
§ir§irandin jjj )^ vi. (). to babble, murmur, purl
(of water) . [also: §ire-§ir kirin (K/B); cf. <§ir§ir>
584
(HH)} [Haz/(A)//K//HH] <xulexul; xulin> See
also §irin II.
§irt Ia>if (-a;-e).l) { syn: avlek; cerivk (Bw); gezi;
k’ino§e; melk’es; sirge (Ad); siqavel; sivnik; sizik;
§icing) broom (Erg/Qrj): -§irt kirin (Qrj) to sweep;
2) young (oak) tree that does not bear fruit (IFb).
[Erg/Qrj/IFb/GF] <gezi; mali§tin>
§irt II o(Z-3) = condition; bet. See §ert.
§irtik Jjjji f. ( ;-e). branch, bough (B); branches
used in making baskets (A/IFb); branches of grape
vines and the like (HH/GF). {also: <§irtik
Jj. ^i/§iftik (HH)) [A/IFb/B/HH/GF]
§i§tin (PB) = to wash. See §h§tin.
§itil f.(Z-3)/m.(B) (-a or §itla/ ; ) sapling,
young tree; young plant: -§itile k’elema (B)
cabbage seedling; -§itla biye (Z-3) young willow
tree [used figuratively to describe a tall person],
{also: §et’el (K[sj); §etil; [scetel] (JJ); <§itil>
(HH)) < Arc setal ‘pfW /setel & Heb satal
= 'to plant (trees)’; Syr setlo & NENA sitla =
’plant’ & satalta/§tilta = ’grove of planted trees'
(Oraham); cf. also Ar satlah = ’nursery plant’
[Z-3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//K(s)/JJ] <dar I; xilp>
§iti I (Bw) = watermelon. See §ifti.
§iti ii (jJ: [Bw]/§it’i [JBl-A] prep. & conj. like,
<r «
similar to, resembling, as: *Conev baj£reki
§ibet 5 i Musile (M-Ani #737) They went ... to a
city like Mosul *£u car£t di k’es §ihet’ min
neket (JBl-A #18) No one should ever again act
like me [=as I did] *Em §iti bivire melay ne
(Bw) We are strong, robust; We are untouched (not
subject to wear and tear) [lit. 'We are like the
mullah’s hatchet’] «Ez §ti wi me (Bw) I look like
him [=Ez weki wi me/Ez §ekl£ wi didem]
• Ma beyna heyvek£ wi qesrek li we dana,
yani §ibet’i we qesr£ gi gi 'erda nebo (M-
Am #738) Within a month he had built a palace
there, such a palace as had no like anywhere at all
• §ibet’i se mrova hatine ber gave wi (JBl-A
#43) As if three men had come into view [lit. 'had
come before his eyes'] *Til£t desta ne §iti £k
in (Bw) The fingers of the hand are not all alike
[prv.f [also: §ibet’ (JBl-A-2); §ibet’i (JB1-A-2/M-
Am); §ti (Bw-2); [sibi] Cjr Ji (JJ)) {syn: mina; nola;
wek) <Ar V§-b-h: §abiha ^ = ’to resemble'
9
[Bw/JBl-A//M-Am//JJ] <§ibin>
§it(l ipJ: f. (). small, tart pear (§nx) which ripens in
the winter (HH/GF). [also: <§itu>^ (HH); <§itu>
yJ: (Hej)) [§nx/IFb/HH/GF/Hej] cherme; kargin>
§iv f. (-a;-e). 1) {syn: go; gogan; gopal; kevezan;
metreq; §ivdar) stick, club, cudgel: *T 3 as£d xwe
digirtne dested xwe, p£ §iva li wan
dixistin, weki bi wi dengi gura bitirsinin
(Ba2:l, p.203) They would take their bowls and
bang on them with their staffs, so as to scare away
the wolves with this noise; -§ivik (Ad/A/IFb) =
dim. of §iv; 2) strike or blow with a stick, club, or
cudgel: *De ka ez binerim be te gend go
xwarine, tu mereki gawa ye! ... Le na— ez
bawer nakim ku te tew §ivek ji bi xwe
kiri be (Ardu, p.117) Let me see how many times
you’ve been hit with their stick, let me see what
kind of man you are! ... But no- I don’t think they
struck you even once; 3) branch, bough (B/GF); 4)
stripe (cloth pattern) ; 5) pipe (JJ/GF-§ikak). {also:
[chiw] Jx (JJ) ) [Ad/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK]
§ivan jlte m. (-e; §iven/§ivin [B-2], vi §ivani).
shepherd, herdsman: •JJuxule §ivana zaf getin
bfi, 1£ heq£ xebata wana geleki kem bfi
(Ba2:l, p.204) The shepherds' job was very hard,
but their earnings were very small [lit. ’few']; -dar§
§iv£n = the shepherd's rod or staff, {also: §wan
(SK); [chiwan] jl&j (JJ); <§ivan> jlLi (HH)) {syn:
serwan) < O Ir *fsu- ( zero grade o/*pasu-) = 'sheep’
+ pana- = ’guard, protector': f§u-/pasu-: [Pok. 2.
pek- 797.] 'wealth, movable property': cf. pez; &
pana: [Pok. pa- 787.] 'to feed; to protect'. Mid P
suban; P cupan —> T goban; Southern Tati
dialects (all f. ): Chali cupun; Ebrahim-abadi cupen;
Esfarvini copon; Sagz-abadi cappun = 'shepherd'
(Yar-shater); Sor §uwan/§iwan Za §wane m./f.
(Todd); Hau §uane m. (M4) {§ivan[t]i; §ivaniti)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK//SK]
<bizin; mi I; pez>
§ivani (K/IFb/GF/OK) = sheep herding. See
• •
§ivanti.
§ivaniti (OK) = sheep herding. See §ivant£.
tt _
§ivanti f. ( ;-ye). sheep herding, shepherding,
• •
profession of being a shepherd: *K’£ ku p’aki
haj ji §ivantiy£ t’unebfi, hew zanibfi, ku
ew ti§teki getin nine (Ba2:l, p.203) Those who
were not well acquainted with shepherding thought
that it was something not very difficult, {also:
585
§ivan! (K-2/IFb/GF-2/OK); §ivaniti (OK-2); §wani
(SK)| [K/B/GF/TF//IFb/OK//SK] <§ivan>
§ivaq qL (GF) = dawn. See §ebeq.
§ivat oL & (F) = February. See Sibat.
§ivdar f. (-a;-e). wooden stick, club, cudgel,
staff: # Min §ivdara xwe bilind kir u ser wi
da fiejand (Ba2:2, p.206) I raised my staff and
waved it at him; -dan ber §ivdara (Dz) to club,
beat with a stick: *£ax§ ew nezikaya male
dibe ji k’er§ peya dibe h k’era xwe dide
ber §ivdara (Dz-anec #15) when he gets near the
house, he gets down off his donkey and gives it a
beating, [also: §ivder (GF); §ivedar (B-2)} (sjm: go;
gogan; gomax; gopal; kevezan; metreq; §iv)
[Dz/F/K/B//GF]
§ivder (GF) = cudgel. See §ivdar.
§ivedar j) jajU (B) = cudgel. See §ivdar.
§iver§ fej*. f. (). rural road, country road; rough
• a
path; narrow path, trail: # Rok§ bazirganek!
giran te §iveriya ber birera derbaz dibe
(Ba) One day a large caravan passes by the well on
a path (or, country road) . {also: §evare (Btm);
§ivele, f. (JB3); §ivile (K-2/A); [chiw-a ri] (JJ);
<§ivare> (HH)} Cf. Arc sevlla =
'road, path' & NENA shwila = ’highway’
[literary/classical: Maclean). If the form §ivere is
indeed of Aramaic provenance, the final syllable -
la was identified by Kurds as Te (f), the Kurdish
word for 'road' (cf Persian rah). This would also
account for the feminine gender in Kurdish,
whereas the posited original Aramaic word is
masculine. Cf. do§av for another example of the
identification of the final part of a foreign word (in
this case -av) with a native word.
[Ba/K/IFb/B//JJ//HH//Btm//JB3//A] <fe>
§ivedi (Bw) = last night. See §ev&di.
««
§ivele f. (JB3) = country road, rough path. See
§iver§.
§ivik dJU; (Ad/A/IF) = dim. of §iv.
§ivir m. & f. (-§/-a; ). type of deer : 1) red deer
(OK); 2) stag (GF): -§ivira me (IFb/OK) female
deer, doe; -§ivira mos (IFb/OK) type of large
deer, zool. Alcus americane ; -§ivir§ kedi
(IFb/OK) reindeer, zool. Rangifer. [also: §ivr (GF-2))
Cf. Sor §ur j ^/%ul J= 'roe-deer, fallow deer,
wild goat’ (K2) [IFb/GF/OK] <ask; gak’uvi;
mambiz; pezk’uvi; xezal I>
§ivile (K/A) = country road, rough path. See
§ivef§.
§ivr (GF) = deer. See §ivir.
§ivti (K[s]/OK/AA) = watermelon. See §ifti.
••
§iwit a; ). dill, bot. Anethum graveolens.
[also: sibit (Dh); §ibit (Bw); §wit (CB)} Ar Sibitt
P savld ju^; Sor §iwit [Bw//IFb/GF/OK/RF/
Kmc-3//CB//Dh]
§ixre o (A/IFb/HH/TF/AD) - transporting grain. See
§ixre.
§ixrevan (A/IFb) = one who transports grain.
See §ixrevan,
§ixul (K/IFb/PS/B) = work. See §uxul,
§ixulin vi. (-§ixul-). to work (lit & fig.): •Li
me bd bd nive §eve il cihetnima ji nema
di§ixul! (Rnh 1:11, p. 196) It was already past
midnight and the compass stopped working [=no
longer worked], [also: §ixulin (Rnh); §uxulin (IFb-
2); §uxulin (Ad); §ulin (OK-2); §uxilin (-§uxil-) (JBl-
S); [choukhoulin ^yJ^Ai/chougoulin (JJ);
cf. also <§ixil kirin> Jii (HH)) (syn: k’ar [II]
kirin; xebitin) <Ar suyl Jii = 'work'
[Ad//Rnh//K/IFb/OK//JJ//JBl-S] <§uxul>
§ixr*e o ^ f ( ;*e). 1) transporting grain from the
field to the threshing floor loaded on the back of a
beast of burden (donkey, horse, or camel) [bi
keran (yan hi beygiran, he§tiran) veguhastina zad ji
zeviye heta bendere]; 2) utensil or tool (such as net
[GF/AD] or wood [HH]) for transporting grain from
the field to the threshing floor (HH/GF/TF/AD).
(aiso;§exre (GF); §ixre (A/IFb/TF/AD); <§ixre>
o(HH)) Cf. Syr §uxra \ojjox. = 'forced labor'
[Qzl//GF//A/IFb/HH/TF/AD] <*dar§ixre; §el II>
§ixrevan m. Q. one who transports grain
from the field to the threshing floor loaded on the
back of a beast of burden: -bi §opa §ixrevana
ketin (Qzl) to get a free ride, get a free lunch, eat
on someone else's dime, to try to profit from s.o.
else’s labor, [also: §ixrevan (A/IFb)) [Qzl//A/IFb]
<§ixre>
§ixul Jj^ = work. See §uxul.
§ixulm (Rnh) = to work. See §ixulin.
§iyan jLi vt.(M/SK)/vi.(K[s]/Bw) (-§e-; neg. ne-). 1)
I syn: karin; pegebun) to be able to, can (in
southern Kurmanji [Behdini] dialects, this verb
replaces karin): •Ez ne§em (Bw) I cannot
• Dib§jin di nihalekida riwiek hebti. ...
bazeberek hebti, riwi l£ derbaz dibti. her
wext@ Kez kiriba. ... Marek ji di
nihal§da hebti. Nedi§ya li bazeberi derbaz
bibit (SK 2:9) They say that there was a fox
586
(living) in a ravine. ... There were stepping-stones
and the fox crossed over whenever he liked. ...
There was also a snake in that ravine. He could not
cross over the stepping-stones; 2) [+ dat. constr.] to
be stronger than s.o., prevail over s.o., be able to
defeat s.o., [+ neg.] be no match for s.o.: •Hung
negdne h§timeki? (M-Ak #537) Are you (pi.)
unable to defeat an orphan?; 3) {also: giyan (TF)] If.
().] power, strength, ability: «li duv giyan u
p@g@bfina xo (R 15 [4/12/96] p.2) to the best of
one's ability, {also: giyin, vi. (-ge) (K[s]); gyan, vt.
(-ge-) (M/SK); [chiin] ^ (JJ); shian (RJ)} [Pok.
kj>e(i)-/k£>a(i)- 626.] ’to obtain, acquire, take
control of (Kent: proto IE *qf)ei-): Skt ksayati =
'possesses, controls’; O Ir *xsa(y)- (Tsb 43): Av
xsa(y)- = ’to prevail, have dominion over'; OP
x§ay- = ’to rule’ (Kent); Mid P sayistan (say-) = ’to
rule, have power, be able' (Boyce); 'to be
appropriate' (M. Schwartz); 'to be worthy’ (M3); P
sayad jlfU = ’perhaps, it can be' & sayeste a " . . . i Li —
'appropriate, fitting'; Sor giyan (-ge-/-giye-/-gi-)
= ’to be suitable, be appropriate, be permissible’;
Za gena [gyavig; past: §a] = 'to be able’ (Todd/Srk);
Hau egiay = 'must, ought’ (M4) [IFb/JBl-A/OK/
RZ/RJ//M/SK//TF//K(s)//JJ]
giyandin qjjIa; (IFb/HH/TF) = to send. See gandin.
giyar jLi = awake; aware. See Kigyar.
gihr (M-Am) = wall. See gfire.
gilaf (GF) = pancreas; rennet bag. See gilav.
gilan I f. ( ;-e). l) dogrose, bot. Rosa canina ,
wild rose with simple, ratber than double, flowers
[Rus sipovnik HfHnoBHHK]; type of thornbush
planted around vineyards (HH): «tter dera
k’ol£d gilane hegin dibin (Ba2) Everywhere
dogrose bushes blossom; -dara gilane/k’ola
gilane (B) dogrose bush; 2) hawthorn, whitethorn
[Fr aubepine] (JJ). {also: [chilan] (JJ); <gilan>
(HH)} [Ba 2 /K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/TF] <gijok>
gilan II 0%^ f (-a; ). (royal) banquet, feast; 'The
meal offered by a prince. Koranic tradition
imposes zakat, legal alms. In the Ottoman Empire,
the Sultan offered meals to the poor on the
occasion of public holidays, the most important of
which was the one marking the end of [the fast of]
Ramadan. Well-to-do believers made donations
for this purpose" (JB1-A, p.200): «Kure §erife
Mek6h§ ew p’are nivek hediye kirin bo
gilana Soltani ft niva di l[i] pigt’a Kemala
kirin (JB1-A #100) The son of the Sherif of Mecca
donated half of the money for the Sultan’s feast [for
the poor], and the other half for the backs of the
porters, {also: [chilan] (JJ)} <P sllan jY^i =
’royal entertainment or feast’; T golen.
[JB1-A/JJ/OK]
gilav f ( ;-e). 1 ) pancreas; 2 ) rennet bag,
abomasum particularly one used for curdling milk,
{also: gelavk (Bw); gilavik (IFb); gilaf (GF); gilavk
(Elk); [chilaw] oY^a (JJ)} Sor gilawuk aJ^Y^ =
'sweetbread, pancreas'
[ Qzl/K/IFb/B /JJ //Elk//B w//GF]
gilavk Ji'Y^-i (Elk) = pancreas; rennet bag. See gilav.
gilo 3 -Li (Msr/HH) = turbid, cloudy. See gelo.
gin I f ( ;-e). mourning (for someone deceased)
: »§ehere Cizir§ we roj§ t'emam nava
gineda bft (Z-l) On that day the whole city of
Jezir was in mourning [lit. 'on that day the city of
Jezir was totally in mourning']; -gin kirin (B) to
mourn; to dress in black; -k’inc6 gin£ xwe
kirin/wergirtin (B) to dress in black, for
mourning, {also: [chin] (JJ); <gin> (HH)}
<0 Ir *xsaiwan-: Sgd ‘ys’ywn; Mid P sewan =
'lament' (M3); Sor gin = 'mourning,
lamentation'; Hau giwen m. (M4); cf. also Arm
sivank*
[Z-1/BX/K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/HH] cbehi; lubandin;
serxwegi; zemar>
gin II = green; blue. See hegin.
ginahi (K) = prosperity; merriment. See genahi.
t •
ginayi (K) = prosperity; merriment. See g§nahi.
• •
ginkati ^'IS j*J: (Bw) = verdure; vegetation. See
heginati.
ginkayi (K) = prosperity; merriment. See
g§nahi.
ginok Jp-i (A) = terebinth. See gengel.
gip f./m.(B) (-a/; ). l) fast-moving stream or
current; jet, stream, current, torrent: • Liber gipa
ave de gu (GF) He was swept away by the
current *Min dit ko sal mina §ipa av§
diherikin (RN) I saw that the years moved by like
a [fast- moving] water current; 2 ) waterfall, cascade;
3) gutter, trough, chute, small ditch (on a mill
through which water flows to the millstone) (B/JJ).
{also: [chip ^/sip (JJ); <gip> ^ (HH)}
[RN/K(s)/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <av; selav;
giler; girav>
gipande (K) = threshhold. See gipane.
587
§ipane /. (). threshold, door frame, [also:
§ipande (K); [chipane] UOJ); <§ipane>
(HH)) { syn: derg’ik; §emik) Sor gipan
[A/IFb/JJ/HH/TF//K] <fexderi>
§lr I m. (-e; ). milk: -ji §ir birin (B) to wean (a
child) ; -§ire de (B) mothers milk; -§ire min li
te Kelal be! (B) May my milk be to your health,
expression said by a mother when praising a good
child . [also: [chir] (JJ); <§ir>^ (HH)) [Pok.
sueid- 1043.] = ’milk’: Skt Vksvid [ksvidyati] = 'be
wet'; Av xsvld- m. = 'milk'; < *xslra-: P slr_^; Sor
< *xsvipta-: Za §id/§it m. (Todd); Hau §ot
m. (M4) {See: T. C. AcaTpHH. "0 paHHHX
apMeHH3Max b Kyp^cKOM" [= 0 n early
Armenianisms in Kurdish], Patma-banasirakan
handes = HcTopHKo-$HAOAorHvecKH& )KypHaA,
113, (1986), p. 172, note 15) [J/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/
JJ/HH/JBl-S/SK/GF/ TF/OK] <mast; to I>
§ir II ^ (JR/JJ/HH/SK/OK) = sword. See §ur I.
§irani f. (-ya;-y§). 1 ) candy, sweetmeat,
sweets; 2) dessert; 3) refreshment drunk on the
occasion of a wedding engagement, in the home of
the bride’s father: -§irani xwarin (B) to betroth,
engage one’s daughter in marriage: •Roke
ni§k§va bave min gazi min kire bal xwe,
got, weki siba ew u diya min we herne
mala Miloe bave Susike, ku §iranya min u
we bixun (Ba 2 : 2 , p.207) One day suddenly my
father called me to him and said that the following
day he and my mother would go to the house of
Milo, Susik's father, to drink shirani [= to engage
me to her], [also: §irini I (SK)} [K/IFb/B/TF/OK]
<§erbet>
§ire (B) = resin; concentrated juice; resin; must.
See §irez.
§iret /. (-a;-§). 1 ) {syn: §ewir) (piece of) advice,
counsel, recommendation: «Eva weFa §iret (J)
This is [my] advice to you «Her roj pi§ti
nimeja evare, §ex §treten dini li miriden
xwe dikirin (Rnh 2:17, p.340) Every day after
the evening prayer, the sheikh would give religious
advice to his disciples [or, would advise his
disciples on religion]; -dan pey §iret§n yeki
(JB3) to follow s.o.'s advice; -§iret kirin = a) to
advise; b) to exhort, admonish, warn: «Maka
wan §iret dike (J) Their mother warns them;
-§ireta fk-e hildan (IS) to heed or follow s.o.’s
advice: *Siabend §!reta p!r§ hilda (IS-#295)
Siyabend heeded the old woman’s advice; 2 )
warning, exhortation, [also: [chiret] (JJ);
<§iret> (HH)) < Ar V§-w-r: sara jU (u) = 'to
advise' [J/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<§iretk’ar>
§iretgi ^ (B) = adviser. See §iretk 5 ar.
#»
§iretdar (B) = adviser. See §iretk 5 ar.
§iretger (IFb) = adviser. See §iretk’ar.
§iretk’ar m. (). adviser, counsellor (K/IF);
instructor (K); consultant., {also: §iretgi (B- 2 );
§iretdar (B); giretger (IFb); §iretker (K-2/JB3/IFb-
2 /GF/OK); [chiret-ker] (JJ)} [Z-2/F/K//IFb//
JB3/JJ/GF/0K//B] <§iret>
§iretker jaSjo^ (K/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/OK) = adviser. See
§iretk’ar.
§irej f(Bw)/m.(OK) (-a/ ; ). curds; what is left
after the whey is drained off. {also: [chir-i rizi]
(s^ (JJ) ) Sor §irej = 'a dish prepared
from [boiled] do' glossed as 'whey' by JJ [petit-lait]
and OK [Molke] [Bw/K(s)/OK//JJ] <dew I; ke§k>
§!rez f- ( ;-e). 1) juice (K); concentrated juice
(of grapes or other fruits) (B); 2 ) {syn: benigt;
debu§) resin (BX): »Helva ji §irez§ g§nabe (BX)
Halvah is not made of resin [prv.]; 3) must,
unfermented wine (JJ); grape juice prior to
becoming wine (HH); 4) (shoemaker's) paste, glue
(A), {also: §irez (IFb-2/JBl-S); §ire (B-2); [chire o^Jd
sIv^- 2 ] (JJ); <§ile> (HH)] Cf. P sire = 'grape
molasses' {=T pekmez) [BX/K/A/IFb/B/TF//
JB 1 -S//JJ//HH] <dims; gulik; mot; soryas>
§irin adj. 1 ) sweet: -ber dile fk-1 §!rln kirin
(Zeb) to make stg. seem desirable to s.o., promote
stg.; -xwe §!rin kirin (Zeb) to flatter s.o.,
ingratiate o.s. with s.o., butter s.o. up; 2 ) soft,
gentle: «Bi denge sazi §irin ... M. ji xew§
g’e’ve xwe vekir (Z-l) From the soft sound of
the saz ... M. awoke and opened his eyes, [also:
§erin (L/A- 2 /IFb- 2 /OK- 2 ); §irin I (JB 1 -A&S/SK/OK);
§irin (A/JB3/IFb/GF/Zeb); [chirin] (JJ);
<§erin> (HH)) Cf. P slrin Sor girin
^ y^ = 'sweet, amiable'; Za §irm (Mai) [§erini;
girinayi; §irini; §irini; §irnayi; [chirini
-i/chirinai ^Ip^i] (JJ); <§erani> ^1 (HH))
[Z-l/K/B//A/JB 3/IFb/JJ/Zeb//L/HH]
girinayi (B) = sweetness. See §irini.
§irin (A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/Zeb) = sweet. See §!rin.
§irini f (-ya;-y§). 1 ) sweetness; 2 ) softness,
gentleness, {also: §eri ni (A/IFb-2/OK-2); §irinill
(OK); §irinayi (B); §irnayi (K-2); [chirini
588
^^i/chirinai (JJ); <§erani> (HH))
[K/IFb/JJ/TF//OK//B//A//HH] <§iranl; §irin>
§irker jtS'j-Ji (BN) = swordsmith. See §urger.
§irmej m./£ Q. suckling infant, babe in arms:
• Di pa§ xwe re jin ft kure xwe e §!rm£j
Hevind, ye ko hej di landike de bft hi§ti
biin (Rnh 3:23, p.5) He left behind his wife and
suckling infant Hevind, who was still in the cradle.
{also: §irmij (K/GF- 2 /OK- 2 ); [chir-myj] (JJ))
[syn: sawa) <§ir = ’milk’ + mej- = ’to suck'
[Rnh/IFb/GF/OK//K/JJ] <dergfi§; landik>
§irmij (K/GF/OK) = infant. See §irmej.
§irnayi (K) = sweetness. See §irfni.
•«
§irove kirin (IFb/RF) = to explain. See §iro.
§irox f. (). shoe string, shoelace; strings for
tying sandals to ankle, {also: §iloxe (IFb/OK/Zeb);
<§iluxe> a^L; (Hej)) {syn: ben [3]) < NENA
siryoxa (Sabar: Dict)/shiryukha (Maclean) = 'shoe¬
string, sandal-cord by which shoes and sandals are
tied to the ankle’, cf. Arc serakh “pO = 'to
interweave, twist; to clutch, hold fast' & Syr Vs-r-k
to adhere, stick'; cf. also Heb serokh YHtt?
& Ar sirak J)^ = ’shoelace’
[Bw//IFb/OK/Zeb//Hej] <garox; p’elav; sol>
§i§ f. (-a;-e). (iron) rod, skewer, spit: •§ivan[a]
... bi §i§ed sorkiri k’ere xwe dax dikin (Dz)
The shepherds are branding their donkeys with
red- hot skewers •§i§ek li wi mile wi da, ye
rastd da, y§ gepe derexist, hilawist bi xani
ve (M-Zx #750) He stuck a spit through his right
shoulder, bringing it out at the left, and hung him
up in the house; -§i§a birftske (Z-4) thunderbolt,
bolt of lightning, laiso: [chich] (JJ); <§i§>
(HH)) {syn: bist I; cax) [Dz/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
§itik JLui (Bw) = cummerbund. See §fttik.
§iv dL^ f. (-a;-e). dinner, supper, evening meal:
• BU wexta §ive (L) It was dinnertime •Siva me
go§t ft savar e (AB) Our dinner is meat and
bulghur. {also: §iw I (SK); [chiw] JiJ: (JJ); <§iv>
(HH)) Av *xsafnya- = 'evening meal, dinner’
(Ras, p.142); Mid P & P sam Sor §ewZa
§ami f. (Todd); Hau §am (M4)
[L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/
GF/TF/OK/Msr//SK] <firavin; §ev; ta§te>
§iw I_^ (SK) = evening meal. See §iv.
§iyan (TF)] = strength. See §iyan[3].
§iyandin = to send. See §andin.
§iyar jL~j (L) = awake; aware. See Ki§yar.
§iyin vi. (-§e) (K[s]) = to be able to, can. See
§iyan.
§k’andin (-§k’en-) (JBl-A)/§kandin (-§kin-)
(SK/OK/Qrj/Ad/Wn) = to break. See §k£nandin.
§kat 2 = complaint. See §ikyat.
§katker jaSjISj: = complainer; litigant. See §ikyatgi.
§kef cJaSj: (A) = trough; tub; basin; barrel. See §ikev.
§keft f. (-a;-e). cave, cavern; naturally formed
cave, as opposed to mixare (qv.) f a man-made
cave (Haz). {also: e§[kev]t (A-2); §ikeft (K-
2 /IFb/TF/BK); §iket (BK-2); §kevd; §kevt
(Ba2/K/B); [chikewt] (JJ); <§keft> (HH)(
{syn: mixare; Pun [2]) [Pok. (s)k§p-/(s)k6p-/(s)klp-
& (s)k§b(h)-/(s)k6b(h)-/(s)kab(h)- 930-1.] 'to cut with
sharp tool, split, cleave' & [skab(h)-ro-] ’sharp’ &
[skapa] 'gegrabenes' & [skopelo-] ’rock, cliff + [C.
forms in -p]: P sekaftan = 'to split, cleave' &
sekaft = 'cave'; Sor e§kewt o^a&aj
[B a2/K/B/HH//A/JB3/GF//IFb/TF/BK//JJ]
$kenandin jjuUaSG; (Qzl) = to break. See §kenandin.
§kenc ^cxSJ: (GF) = torture. See i§kence.
§kence (K[s]/GF) = torture. See !§kence.
§kestin ^^ACi/gk’est’in [JB 1 -A] vi. (-§[i]k§-/
*-§kest- [IF]). 1 ) to break (vi.) , be broken: «Ez6
bigerim heyani ... gopale min bi§ke (L) I
shall wander until... my stick breaks; 2 ) to be
ruined, sullied (s.o.'s honor or reputation) : «Ez
islehe wan ji wan bidizim, we namftsa
wan bi§ke, guneh e (L) If I steal (or, stole) their
weapons from them, it will (or, would) ruin their
honor, it would be a shame, {also: §ikestin
(K/GF/TF/OK- 2 ); $kin (Qrj); §kyan (Qrj-2);
[chikestin] (JJ); <§kestin (di§ke)
C(HH)) [Pok. (s)k(h)ed- 918.] 'to split,
scatter’ extended form of [Pok. 2 . sSk- 895. &
sken-(d)- 929.] ’to cut': O Ir *skad-na- (Tsb 44): Av
skand-, scandayeiti = breaks, ruins'; OP *ska[d]-n&-
tiy = ’breaks'; Mid P skastan (sken[n]-); P sekastan
(-sekan-) Sor §ikan (-§ike-); Za
§ikyena [§ikyayi§] (Todd)
[K/JJ/GF/TF//A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/
SK/OK/Ad/Qzl/Xrz//JBl-A//Qrj] <§kenandin>
§kev JiaSI: (K/B/HH/GF) = trough; tub; basin; barrel.
See §ikev.
§keva U'aSj: adj. unleavened (bread): -cejna §keva
(Frq) Passover, feast of unleavened bread; -nan§
§keva (RF) unleavened bread, matzoh. {also:
§ikeva (TF/RF/FJ)) [Frq/A/IFb/GF//TF/RF/FJ]*
589
§kevd jj* 4& = cave. See §keft.
§kevik JjoSjI: -§kevik kirin (Zeb/Dh) to sort out the
stones and dirt from grain or rice ; to separate
(wheat from chaff). [Zeb/Dh]
§kevt (Ba2/K/B) = cave. See §keft.
§kSnandin ^jjLlS2/§k 5 §nandin [JB1-S] vt. (-§k§n-
/-§kSn!n-/“§k , Snin- [JBl-S]). 1) to break (vt.) ; -
g’av §k§nandin (GF) to embarrass; to insult; -dil
§k£nandin (JB3) to hurt s.o.'s feelings, to break
s.o.'s heart: *Te gire dile wi §kenand? (JB3)
Why did you hurt his feelings?; -ta§te §kenandin
(JB3) to break bread, have a bite to eat, snack; 2) to
ruin, sully (s.o.'s honor) : *Ev, go zilameki diz
buna ... w§ §erefa me bi§kenandana (L) If
this man were a thief, he would have ruined our
honor (^disgraced us); 3) to cut (cards in a card
game) (Qzl). {also: §ikandin (GF/TF/OK-2);
§ikenandin (TF-2); §k’andin (-gk’en-) (JBl-
A)/§kandin (-§kin-) (SK/OK-2/Qrj/Ad/Wn);
§kenandin (Qzl); [chikandin ^>jjls2/chikinandin
(VJuLCi] (JJ); <§kenandin jjjl zSiz (di§kene)
(HH)1 See etymology under §kestin. Sor
§ikandin jjulsi (-§iken-); Za §iknena [§ikti§]
(Todd/Srk) [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/OK/Qm§/Rwn/Slm//
JBl-S//Qzl//JJ/GF/TF//]Bl-A/SK/Qrj/Ad/Wn] <§kestin>
§k£r jSdi f./m.(OK) (-a/; ). pile of stones: *Min di
v£ §ik§ra han§ de §erbikek zer hilandiye
(ve§artiye) (Wit 2:59, p.15) I have hidden a pot
of gold in this pile of stones, {also: §iker (TF/Wlt
2:59, p.15); [sker]_ > ^£: (JJ); <§ker>(HH)) { syn:
qug’ [2]) [Wlt/TF//A/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK] <ber
III; kevir>
§kin (Qrj) = to break (vi.). See §kestin.
§kiyat olJJ = complaint. See §ikyat.
§kti ^iz . how? {syn: gawa) < ji = 'from' + ku = 'where'
[Msr]
§kyan qLSjz (Qrj) = to break (vi.). See §kestin.
§kyat oLSJ = complaint. See §ikyat.
§ol Jj-£ (M/JR/IFb/JBl-A/PS/HH) = work. See §uxul.
§olik eUp m.(Qzl)/f.(B)/pl.(K) (-e/ ; /-§). wild bean
or pea, type of vetch, similar to lentil, eaten by
cattle: -§olik§ ga/~ ge (Qzl) do. {also: <§ulik>
JLkj (HH)) [Ah/Qzl/Rwn/K/A/B/GF/TF/FJ//HH]
<kizin; ma§>
§onik (IFb/GF) = washing paddle. See §Hnik.
§op f. (-a; ). track, trace; step, footstep: •Gelek
§ayir§n me y§n heja ji, li dxi §opa wi gune
digin (Rw§ #2, p.15) Many of our finest poets
also have followed in his footsteps and continue to
[lit. ’they went after his tracks and they go*], {syn:
dews [2]; Feg’ II) [Rw§/K/A/IFb/GF/TF] <gav;
kevne§op>
§or I (-a; ). word: -§or kirin (IFb) to speak,
talk [syn: axaftin; peyivin; mijul dan; qise kirin;
§taxilin; xeber dan): *Di sal§n min §n zaroti
... di nav mala me de bi Zazaki ft
Kurmanci dihat §orkirin (Ber) In my
childhood years ... Zaza and Kurmanji were
spoken at home (=We grew up hearing both
languages), {syn: gili; peyiv; pirs [ 2 ]; xeber)
[Ber/K/JB3/IFb] <gili>
§or II yyz adj. hanging down or out, loose, dangling,
droopy: *Keziyet w§ kigike §or bibin di
kel§a p’ir§ ra (M-Zx #776) The girl's braids were
hanging down through a crack in the bridge; -§or
kirin (SK) to hang low, dangle (vt.): •§eweki
[sic] we qewimi riwiyek hat e serban§ oda
ximi, ser§ xo di kulekeda §or kir, b@na
miri§kan li difna wi da (SK 4:28) One night it
so happened that a fox came onto the roof of the
dye-house and hung his head down through the
skylight, when the smell of chickens assailed his
nose, {also: §ur III (IFb- 2 ); [sciora] j^z (JJ-G)} Sor §or
jyz = 'hanging down, drooping’
[Bw/K(s)/A/IFb/SK/GF//JJ-G) <darda>
§or III jyz adj. salty, briny, brackish, {also: sur II
(Bw/Krs/SK/OK- 2 ); [chour] ^ (JJ); <§or> j^z (HH))
Cf. P §ur j±z\ Sor swer [sor) or jyz [Mzg/Srk/
F/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ//Bw/Krs/SK)
<keli II; xwe>
§orav J) j±z (IFb/GF/FJ)/ §orav J ]jyz (K/B) = saltwater.
See stiravk.
§orbawe o 3 L jyz (SK) = soup. See §orbe.
§orb*e 4.>j}-z f. (•a;*e). soup: *Kebaniya mal§ je
re §orbe tine datine ber (LM, p.7) The lady of
the house brings him soup and sets it down before
him. {also: §orbawe (SK); [chorbe] ^j^z (JJ);
<§orbe> ^j^z (HH)) P sorba clq Ar §or[a]ba
^j^z\ T gorba; Sor §orba L>_^; Za §orba f. (Mai)
[F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//SK]
§or*e o jyz [K/B]/§ore o yyz f. ( ;•§). saltpeter, niter,
potassium nitrate, {also: [choure] o(JJ); <§ure>
o jyz (HH)) Cf. P sure o j^z\ Sor §ore o
[K/B//A/IFb//JJ/HH]
§oreci m. ()• saltpeter manufacturer: •[Ilia ji
Ekradan bardtp§j il §oreci H beytar heyn]
(BN 134) [Of professions] there are only
gunpowder and saltpeter manufacturers and
590
veterinarians from the Kurds. Cf. P Sureger
[BN] <§ore>
§ore§ fji oj^J: f. (-a;-e). revolt, rebellion; revolution
(IF/TF): »Pi§ti §ikestina §ore§a Berzani, min
ft Kak Iqbal Haci, me grflbeke muzika
Kurdi ava kir (Wit 1:37=38, p.16) After the
defeat of Barzani’s revolt, brother Iqbal Haji and I
[=Nasir Rezazi] formed a Kurdish music group.
{also: §ori§ (A/GF-2); §uri§ (JB3)| [syn: serhildan;
sewr) Sor §ori§[t] [
[Ber/Wlt/IFb/GF/TF//A//JB3] <teko§in>
§ore§ger m. (). a revolutionary; rebel: *Ji
her ku wan h£zen xwefiro§, plane
imperyalizm£ bi cih anin i! bi alikariya
art§§a tirk eri§ anine ser hezen §ore§geren
gel£n me (Wit 1:37=38, p.6) Because those
mercenary forces have brought the imperialistic
plan into place and have mounted attacks against
the revolutionary forces of our people [lit. 'the
forces of the revolutionaries of our peoples ’). {also:
§ore§ger (IFb)) <Sor §ori§[t]ger = rebel;
revolutionary’ (K2) [(neol)Wlt/TF//IFb]
§ore§geri I adj. revolutionary: »Min li
• •
radyoye du mar§en §ore§geri tomar (qeyd)
kirin (Wit 1:37=38, p.16) I recorded two
revolutionary marches for the radio. [(neol)Wlt]
§ore§ger (IFb) = revolutionary. See §ore§gel\
§ori§ Ji (A/GF) = revolt. See §ore§.
§o§ban (IFb/GF) = best man. See §o§man.
§o§bin (IFb) = best man. See §o§man.
§o§man m. (-5; ). ’best man’ at a wedding
(Mzg/Srk); (at traditional Kurdish weddings)
friend of the bridegroom's, during the wedding
together with the groom throws an apple at the
bride (IFb): -§o§mine de’at§ (QtrE) do. [also:
§o§ban (IFb-2/GF); §o§bin (IFb); §o§min (QtrE);
§o§pan (IFb-2); [chouch-bin] (JJ)} Cf.
Assyrian susabinu (Delitzsch, p. 506); Heb sosvin
m ] m) 2\0 "HI? & Arc sosvina/susvina = ’best
man; king's friend, counsellor' (M. Jastrow); Syr
Sosvena 1 jjJ3.x.o.x. = 'bridegroom’s friend,
groomsman; bridesmaid; godparent, sponsor';
NENA shushe-bey-na (Oraham); Ar iSbin <y-~.il =
'godfather; best man’ [Mzg/Srk//GF//IFb//JJ//QtrE]
<buk; cejin; de’wat; zava>
§o§min (QtrE) = best man. See §o§man.
§o§pan (IFb) = best man. See §o§man.
§ov f. (-a;-§). 1 ) {syn: xet [ 2 ]) furrow: -§ov
kirin (B) to leave a furrow or wake behind one,
to plow; 2 ) (garden) bed; 3) plowed field (JJ/HH); 4)
fallow land (IFb): *§fi.va me isal tune (AB) This
year we have no fallow land; 5) plowing, tillage;
first plowing (M); 6 ) (syn: guharto [l]; §ax [ 6 ]}
version; variant: •Derheqa §ov£d “Mem fl
Zina” zargoti §ova “Mem ft Zina”
Eftmede Xani (K-d§) About the folkloristic
versions of Mem u Zin and the version of Mem ft
Zin of Ahmed-i Khani [name of article by
Kurdoev]. [also: §ef (M 2 ); §uw [§ow]; §uv (IFb);
[chow] (JJ); <§ov> (HH)1 Cf. P soxm
Sor §ef o£Q/§ow^/§om ^ = 'land after first
plowing' [ AB/K/A/B/JJ/HH//IFb//M2] <beyar; qarix>
§qelp kirin (Bw) = to peel. See -ji qelp
kirin under qelp II.
§taxilin <yJ sAjJ: vi. (-§taxil-). to speak, say:
•Nerin go qundir §taxili (L) Suddenly the
gourd spoke [lit. 'They saw that the gourd spoke’].
( also: §texilin (-§texil-) (K/IFb/GF)} [syn: axaftin;
deng gun; gotin; k’elimin; mijul dan (Haz);
peyivin; qise kirin; §or kirin) < Ar istayala Vm
= 'to work’ [L//K/IFb/GF] <mijul>
§texilin <y-J(-§texil-) (K/IFb/GF) = to speak. See
§taxilin.
§ti (Bw) = like, similar to. See §iti II.
• •
§ubhe (JJ/SK) = doubt. See §ebh.
§ulhe (GF) = swarm of bees. See §ilxe.
§ulxe (Zeb) = swarm of bees. See §ilxe.
§und Aip (IFb) = place. See §ftn.
§unda (IFb) = after[ward). See §ftnda.
§u§tin (IFb/BK/JB3/JBl-S/M/GF/OK) = to wash.
See §ft§tin.
§uw^i [§ow] = furrow. See §ov.
§uxul m./f [-el ; ). 1 ) [syn: i§; k’ar II; xebat}
work, labor; job: # Ve car£ §ol£ wl we 'emel@
wi bi negir (M-Zx #756,p.350) Then his work
and livelihood became hunting # §uxule §ivana
zaf getin bft, le heq£ xebata wana geleki
k£m bft (Ba2:l, p.204) The shepherds' job was
very hard, but their earnings were very small [lit.
'few']; 2 ) affair, deal, matter, concern, issue:
•§ixule min bal te heye (B) I have a matter to
discuss with you. [also: §ixul (K/IFb/B/GF/PS);
§ixul; §ol (M/JR/IFb-2/JBl-A/TF/PS-2); §uxul (PS);
§ftl, f. (IFb-2/JBl-S/OK-2); §uxil, f. (JB1-S);
[choukhoul J>^i/choul J^i] (JJ); <§uxil J*i/§ol
591
(HH)} < Ar suyl = ’work’ [F/Ba2/JJ/OK//K/
IFb/B/GF/PS//M/JBl-A/TF//JBl-S//HH]
§uxulin (IFb) = to work. See §ixulin.
§uxul (PS) = work. See §uxul.
§uxulin (Ad) = to work. See §ixulin.
m. (). husband: -§ti dan (GF) to marry
off (a daughter)\ -§ti kirin (JBl-A/A/IFb) to get
married (said of a woman): *Ew Zin hej §u
nekiriye / kesek bi gave xwe neditiye
(PS-II, # 1 , p.74, 11.8-9) That Zin has not yet been
married off / no one has laid eyes on her [or, she
has ot laid eyes on anyone], {also: [chou] iT j j i . am
[syn: mer) Cf. P sohar = 'husband'; Sor §u ^
= 'husband’ & §u [pel kirdin = 'to
• •
take a husband, get married (of a woman)’
[PS-II/JB 1 -A/A/IFb/JJ/ GF/OK] <malxwe>
§uhr (M-Am) = wall. See §ure.
§ftjin f (-a;-e). large needle, pack(ing)-needle,
bodkin, {also: §ijun (B); [choujin] (JJ); <§ujin
jjjjj/bijujin qjs>> (HH)) (syn: derzi) <0 Ir
*s(a)ucina- (A&L p. 89 [XI, 2 ]): P suzan =
’needle’; Sor sujin = ’packing needle, bodkin'
[F/K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/[TF]/Mzg//B] <derzi>
§ul f. (IFb/JBl-S/OK) = work. See §uxul.
§tilikin vi. (-§tllik-). to crawl, creep:
•Gelek gu, hindik, Meme nizane, le Bor
nola be di§dlike (Z-l) Mem could not tell if he
covered much ground or little, it seemed that Bor
was crawling *Ser singe Dumanlue cicina
xulexula cewiked ave bti, ed ku minani
mara jorda di§dlikin (Ba 2 :l, p. 202 ) On the
slope of [Mount] Dumanlu here and there was the
babbling of brooks (of water), those which crept
from above like snakes, {syn: surikin) [Z-l/K/B]
See also surikin.
§ulin (OK) = to work. See §ixulin.
§frm ^ 3 ^ adj. naughty, restless (of children), {also:
[choum/sciuma] (JJ); <§om> ^ (HH)) {syn:
nesekini) <Ar su’m ^ = ’bad luck, misfortune,
evil omen’ [Bw/K/JJ//HH]
§dn f. (-a;-e). place, spot, stead: •§una
xweda rdni (B) Sit in your place *§wina ninge
wan (L) the place of their feet (=the place where
their feet are); -li §una fk-e/ft-i (BX) instead of,
in place of: *li §dna wi = instead of him, in his
place; -li §dna ko [+ subj.] = instead of ...-ing;
-§dna fk-i girtin = to replace, substitute for.
{also: §und (IFb- 2 ); §und (IFb- 2 ); §win (L); [choun]
(JJ); <§un> (HH)| {syn: ci [ 1 ]; der I; dever I;
dews I; erdim; yer} Sor §wen [§on] Hau §oni
f = ‘track, trail, trace 1 (M4) [L//K/A/]B3/IFb/B/
JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
§und (IFb) = place. See §fln.
§unda adv. after (time), afterward, then
Ireferring to the future /; -ji ft-1 §finda (K) after
(prep.) : *Ji wan gilya §tinda mir tlsiv
daveje Kevse (Ba3-3, #31) After those words, the
emir throws Joseph into prison *Ji w§ §tinda
min ew ne dit (K) After that I never saw him.
{also: §unda (IFb); §unde (GF)) {syn: dura; hinge,
etc.\ pa§e; (di) pi§t re; ^pe§da) Cf. T sonra = ’after'
[K/A/JB3/B//GF//IFb]
§unde (GF) = after[ward]. See §unda.
§dnik m. (-e; ). l) wooden paddle for
beating clothes clean: -§dnke cilka (Zeb) do.;
-§unke serbani (Czr) harrow, roller {syn: Pap an);
2 ) tadpole (Bw). {also: §onik (IFb- 2 /GF- 2 ); <§unik>
(HH)) [Bw/Zeb//A/IFb/HH/GF/TF]
§ur I J33 j: m. (-e; ). 1 ) sword: •kalumeki §uran =
old, rusty sword *§ireki gelek kewn hebd,
kalwane wi ziw bd, destikS wi zer bd,
qa§§t elmas u piroze hatibune tegirtin,
tiyg wi kerman bd (SK 26:234) There was a
very ancient sword with a silver scabbard, its hilt
of gold inlaid with gems of diamond and turquoise,
and its blade of Kermani steel *§dr6 vi zemani
qelem e (AB) The sword of this language (or,
time) is the pen; -§ur k’i§andin = to draw or
unsheath a sword: *B. §wire xwe ki§and (L) B.
drew his sword; 2 ) blow with a sword: »Eger
xebera te derew be, eze §ureki li stuye te
dim, / Sere te ji gewd§ te biqetinim (Z- 2 ,
p. 68 ) If what you say is a lie, I will take a sword to
your neck [lit. ’I will give a blow with a sword to
your neck’], / I will sever your head from your
body, {also: §ir II (JR/SK/OK-2); §wir (L/HM);
[chour j^/chir^] (JJ); <§ur (HH))
[Pok. kes- 585.] 'to scratch, to comb’: Skt ksura- ni.
- 'blade'; P samsir^J^j:; Sor §ir Za §em§er m.
(Todd); cf. also Gr xyron |up6v n. = Tasor’
[K/A/)B3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF/0K/BK//
JR/SK//L/HM] <kalan; kalume; qebd; §ilf>
§ur II (M-Ak) = wall. See §hre.
§ur III (IFb) = dangling, hanging down. See §or II.
§dr* 6 O /. (*a; ). 1 ) {syn: beden I; sur I) wall,
fortification wall, curtain wall of a town: •Amedie
ya li ser§ gireki, ya fiisar-kiriye.
Domendoret we §ihrin, hemi §ihrin, di
592
bilindin, bejna do kilomStra di bilindin
(M-Am, 718) Amadiye is on the top of a hill and is
walled round. All round it there are walls, all
walls, high, to a height of two kilometers *Xulase
ker o xudan@ keri her do ji §ftra rezi waji
kirin (SK, 80) In short he tipped both the donkey
and its owner over the wall of the (terraced)
orchard; 2) wooden fence surrounding a field or a
garden (IFb). [also: §ihr (M-Am); §uhr (M-Am-2);
§urll (M-Ak); §urhe (M-Zx); [chour J3 ^/sour
CJJ)} <Arc §ur(a) £<)TR£7 & Syr sura laojt = 'city
wall, fortification’; Sor §ure [Rewandiz: See M,
v. 2, p. 376, note 718]; cf. Ar sur [M-
Am//IFb/SK// M-Ak/JJ//M-Zx]
§urger m. (). swordsmith: *[§irker u
hesinger ft solger xi xeyyat xi zerger ft
neccar evene ji ji Filan heyn ji Ekradan
tunenin] (BN 134-135) Swordsmiths and
ironmongers and cobblers and tailors and
goldsmiths and carpenters—there are all of these
among the Christians (Armenians), but not among
the Kurds, [also: [chir-gher] (JJ); <§irker>
(BN)) [BN//JJ//GF] <§nr I>
§urhe (M-Zx) = wall. See §ftre.
§ftrik m. (-e; ). plow-beam, wooden front part
of plow. [Btm/IFb/GF/TF] <gisin; halet; hincar;
k’otan>
§uri§ (JB3) = revolt. See §ore§.
§ftrk’§§ m. (-§; ). sword-bearer, sword
wielder: •§ftrke§e ruhistin (LC, p.5) sword-
wielding soul snatcher. <§ur = 'sword' + k’e§- = 'to
pull, unsheathe'; [LC/K/IFb/B/GF]
§ft§«e f. (•a;»e). 1) glass (material) : -feraqa
§ft§e (B) glass plates or dishes; -§ft§a dil§ min
§kestiye (K) My heart is broken; -§ft§a p’encer§
(K/B) window pane; -§u§e kirin (B) to glaze, fit
with glass; 2) (syn; *botir, f. (F)) bottle, flask: -§ft§a
av§ (K) water bottle, canteen; -§ft§a §erav@ (K)
wine bottle, decanter; 3) [syn: istekan; peyale)
small vase-shaped glass in which tea is served
(Msr/Bw). [also: [chouche] (JJ);
(HH)) Cf. Mid P §I§ag = 'bottle, flask' (M3); P §I§e
= 'glass, bottle’ —> T §i§e; Az T siisa; Sor §u§e
Za §u§a f. (Todd)
[F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/Msr/Bw]
§ft§tin c ^4 55 ^/§h§t , in [JBl-A/M-Gul] vt. to
wash: •Celagi kefen ft sabftn anin ji bona
go B. bikujin ft la§§ wi bi§on ft kefen
bikin (L) The executioners brought a shroud and
soap, in order to kill B. and wash his corpse and
enshroud it. [also: §i§tin (PB); §u§tin (IFb/BK/
JB3/JB1-S/M/GF/OK); [chouchtin] (JJ);
<§u§tin (di§o) (HH)) Cf. Mid P
sustan (soy-) [HLLWN-tn] (M3); P sostan
(-sur-) C^s-0; Sor §itin i§tin (-§o-); Za
§iwena [§iti§/§uti§] (Mal/Srk); Hau §itey (§or-) vt.
(M4) [F/K/B/HH//M-Gul/JBl-A//JB3/IFb/JBl-S/
M/BK/JJ/GF/OK//PB]
§fttik f. (-a;-e). cummerbund which
Kurdish men wrap around their waists (part of
traditional folk costume): •"Guile §tnik§ ji
birina min bine der, pa§i loma min bike."
Wexte EKmed §fttika wi kirewe birina
bira& xo dit (SK 18:173) "Come and take the
musket ball out of my wound and chide me
afterward." When Ahmad undid his cummerbund
he saw his brother’s wound, [also: §itik (Bw);
[shutik] (JJ-Rh); <§utik> (HH))
[Bw//IFb/JJ-Rh/HH/SK/GF/OK] cberguz; §al I>
§uv (IFb) = furrow. See §ov.
§uxil f. (JBl-S) = work. See §uxul.
§uxilin (-§ftxil-) (JBl-S) = to work. See §ixulin.
§vesia l■>«(Ba2) = Sweden. See Sw@d.
§wan (SK) = shepherd. See §ivan.
§wani (SK) = shepherding. See §ivanti.
§weli (SK) = turbid, cloudy. See §§lo.
§wit (CB) = dill. See §iwit.
§win (L) = place. See §ftn.
§wir (L/HM) = sword. See §ftr I.
§yan jLi, vt./vi. (-§§) (M/SK) = to be able to, can.
See §iyan.
593
ta I b / ta lb [Hk/SK] m. (-6; te, vi tayi). 1) thread,
string: *Ew tae bi teneye (K)/Ew taki t’eneye
(B) He is one of a kind; -ta derzik (Am) needle
and thread; 2) strand (of hair): *Bi navg "tayek
pore sipi" kurtegirokeke Qedri Can heye
(LC, p.5) Qedri Jan has a short story called "a single
white hair." {also: tayik (Msr); [ta] b (JJ); <ta> lb (HH)1
\syn: dezi; Pel [2]} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/TF/OK//HH/
SK/Hk//Msr] <derzi; gulok>
t’a II b m. (-§; ). scale, dish, pan (of weighing scales) :
•K’ulme xweli baveje t’ae zera (Ba) Throw a
handful of dirt onto the scale [containing] the gold
•T’ae Osib ser li 'erde dimine (Ba) The scale
with Joseph [in it] remains on the ground •Usib
radive ser t’aki mezin£, z£ra ji dikine, t’a§
din@ (Ba) Joseph gets onto one pan of the scales, and
they put gold on the other pan; -tae mezine = do.
{syn : *kasa terezuya} [Ba/GF] cmezin; §ihin; t’erazi>
t’a III b f. (-ya;-e). 1) fever: •Rojeke ta hate
Small, me’da wi pigek nexo§ bu (SK 34:307)
One day Ismail was unwell [lit. ’fever came to Ismail']
and his stomach was a little upset; 2) malaria: -ta ft
lerz (GF) malaria, {also: [ta] b (JJ); <ta> b (HH)} Cf. P
tab v b; Sor ta b [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
t’a IV b prep. 1) until, till, up to: *li vir ta gund (IFb)
from here to the village *ta bi §eve (BX) until
nighttime; 2) [ conj .] until: •Bisekin ta ko ez
hatim (IFb) Wait until I come •T’a ew nee, em
nagin (B) Until he comes, we won’t go; 3) so that, in
order that, {also: heta[ni]; heya[ni]; hetani (B-2); Heya
(B-2); Keyani (B-2); [ta] b (]])} Cf. P ta b
[BX/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF/OK] See also Keta.
ta V b m. (-ye; ). animal tracks, animal footprints:
•W& §axe Sip’ane-Xelate taye kare kar-
xezala digerine (EP-4, #30) He is on the peak of
Mount Suphan following the tracks of young
gazelles, {also: [ta] b (JJ)} [EP-4/JJ] <reg’>
ta VI lb [M-Ak/SK-2/Bw]/ta b m. (-[y]§; ). branch,
bough: *Ev ta§ bane y§ ba§e bo hincar (M-Ak,
#548) This bough here is a good one for a plough-
beam; -tay§ dar£ (Bw) tree branch, (syn: g’iq[il];
gull II; §ax [1]} [M-Ak/Bw/SK/GF/OK]
t’ab v b f. (-a;-£). 1) patience, endurance; by extension,
joy, fun [cf. sebr]: *Tu ft M.va Keta evar£
rftdin§n, gewa t’aba we t§? (Z-l) You and M. sit
together [every day] until the evening; how do you
594
amuse yourselves? [lit. 'how does your patience
come?']; 2) torment, suffering, pains: *Taba min
ber telef nege (L) [So that] my pains won't go to
waste *0 ji bona wan hilqeyse tab ft sefili
min dit (L) [After] I experienced [lit. 'saw'] so much
torment and misfortune for their sake, {also: t’eb) Cf.
< Ar ta‘b ^ [L/Z-1/K/A/JB3/B]
tab # e ^b f.lm.(B) (). beast (ofprey), wild animal: «Eva
xilxile kevira ciye gura, rftviya ft tab§d
dine bu (Ba2:l, p.203) That heap of rocks was the
place of wolves, foxes, and other wild beasts; -bax§
teva (F) zoo, zoological gardens; -tav 11 teyr (EP-7)
beasts and birds, wildlife, fauna, 'the birds and the
bees’, {also: dehbe (IFb/GF-2/TF/OK-2); tav II (EP-7);
teba (JB3/GF/OK); tebe (GF-2); te’be (B); teva II
(F/K-2)} {syn: canewar; dirende; terawil} Cf. Ar
dabbah &b = ’beast, animal' [Ba2/K//EP-7//JB3/
GF/OK//B// F//IFb/TF] <Keywan; k’uvi>
tabiyet o<w b (IFb) = nature; characteristic. See t’ebi’et.
tabdr j^jb f (). squadron, batallion: •tabdrek esker
(L) a squadron of soldiers, {also: [tabour] j*>lb (JJ)} Cf.
Ar tabur^lb [L/K/IFb/GF]
t’acgl > m.(K/B/SK)/f(JB3/IFb) (-§/ ; t’ec/ ). 1) crown:
•Ew gi tanc e te danaye ser@ xo? (SK 4:51)
What crown is that you have put on your head?;
-t’ac§ Te§ (B) I swear! [lit. 'black crown']; 2) hat
worn by sheikhs and dervishes (B/HH). {also: tag (A);
tanc (SK/GF-2); [tadj] ^b (JJ); <tac> ^Jb (HH)} < Ar/P
taj ^b, Arc taga HUB [Z-92l/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//
A//SK] <text [2]; zerazeng>
tag ^b (A) = crown. See t’ac.
t’ada bb (K/IF) = violence; injustice. See t’ade.
t’ada bb (K)/tada bb (IFb/GF) = oppression. See
te’dari.
t’adari ^bb (K) = oppression. See te’dari.
tadayi ^bb (IFb/OK) = oppression. See te’dari.
Fade <ob (L) = oppression. See te’dari.
tafile ^lib (Frq) } = immediately, at once. See t’avild.
tahlik cilbab (A) = unripe melon. See talik.
taht ojab = boulder; cliff. See tat I.
taji f.(K)/m.(B/JB3) (-ya/ ; ). greyhound, hunting
dog: •NSg’irvaneki te’ji berda k’§wrft§k§ (Dz)
A hunter set [a] hound after [a] rabbit *Neg’ira min
t§, gfty§ te’jiya min t§ (Ag) proverb used when
one is about to do something , but something
suddenly comes up to prevent it [lit.: '[Just when] my
hunt/game/quarry comes, my greyhound has to take
a shit’], {also: te’ji II (F/B/Dz/Ag); tehji (IFb-2); [taji]
^b (JJ); <taji> (HH)) Cf. Mid P tazlg = 'swift,
fast' (M3); P tazi ^b --> T tazi; Sor tanci ^b =
• •
'gazelle-hound'; Hau tanci; Za tanzi m./t&nzi f. (Mai)
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//HH//Dz/F/B/Ag]
<kug’ik>
tal I Jb adj. bitter (lit & fig.): *bexte teT (B) bitter
fate • dermane te’l (B) bitter medicine •Eviniya
her du a§iqan a tehil (SW) The bitter romance
of the two lovers, {also: tehil (SW/TF); tehl (JB3-
2/IFb-2/RZ); te’l (B/JBl-S); [tal] Jb (JJ); <te’l> J*
(HH)) Cf. Mid P taxi (M3); P talx Sor tal ji- =
'bitter, acid, tannin'; Hau tal (M4); Za ta'l (Mai) (tali I;
tehli; te’layi) [SW/TF//RZ//K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//B/
HH/JBl-S] <tir§>
tal II Jb (IFb) = spleen. See tefidl.
t’alan ^b m.(K)/f.(OK) ( ; t 5 alen/t’el§n/ ). 1) [syn:
cerd [2]) robbery, burglary, pillage, looting,
plundering: *S§ gar salan weto dujminati
ke§a, daimi mer ji yek-u-do diku§tin u talan
dibirin (SK 41:390) For three or four years enmity
dragged on in this way and they were constantly
killing and plundering men from each other's sides;
-t’alan kirin = a) to rob, pillage, loot, plunder:
•D6 hucftm keyne welat§ Zerzan ... ft ji
xeyri gundet Felan, hemiyan de talan keyn
ft sojin (SK 40:377) We shall attack the Zarzan
country ... and except for the Christian villages, we
shall plunder and burn them all; h) to confiscate; to
capture: •Diqewimi usa ji, weki cerd§ pez
t’alan dikir (Ba2:l, p.203) It would happen also
that bandits would capture some sheep *Le xwede
make, ko tu seb talankirina gencineya marl
marl bikuji (KH, p.34) God forbid that you kill the
%
snake in order to pillage its treasure; 2) {syn: cerd I
[4]) booty, spoils, loot, plunder; 3) (war) indemnity;
4) confiscation, seizure; capture, {also: talani (A);
[talan] j^b (JJ); <talan> c j v Vb (HH)) < T talan; Sor talan
<jVb = 'loot(ing), booty [Ba2/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
GF/TF/OK//A] cnijde; §elandin>
talani ^^b (A) = pillage; booty. See t’alan.
talde ojJb (K/IFb/JJ/GF) = shelter; cover, concealment.
See te’lde.
tale Jlb/tale Jb [OK] f. (). sorghum; millet, {also:
tefile, m. (Bw); [taala (G)/tala (Rh)] Jit (JJ))
[SK/JJ/OK/AA//Bw] <garis; gilgil>
talik JJb m. (-6; ). unripe melon: •Cara dawtn min
talik ft zebe§ ji bistan didan hev ta ku wan
di xurcike xinim (HYma, p.12) The last time, I
gathered unripe melons and watermelons from the
. garden to put in the saddlebag, [also: tahlik (A);
tehlik (TF); te’lik II (GF)) < tal I = 'bitter'
[HYma/Qzl/Qm§//A//TF//GF] <k’al II & III>
%
tali I ^Jb f. (). bitterness, {also: tehli (K/JB3); teTayi (B);
[tali] J\s (]])} [K/IFb/JJ//JB3//B] <tal I>
tali II ^Jb f. (-ya; ). 1) {syn: dawi; dumahi) end; result;
2) [adv.] {also: taxli (Z-922)) finally (K/JB3): •P’er^
xwe distine, taxli nava hazard dive (Z-922)
He takes his money, [?then] he takes [it] to the
marketplace. ? < Ar tali b (talin) (Jb) = 'next'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF]
tali§k «JUJb f. (). 1) chicory (IFb/GF/OK); 2) milkweed
(?), type of tall weed (Bw). {also: tehli§k (Bw)}
[Bw//K(s)/IFb/GF/OK]
taloq I jjgJb f. (). postponement, delay: *Givat ne
wek mahkem§ ye. Heq§ xweparastinS nade
te, ... Be taloq u be ku lebikole, di celsa
p§§i de te mahkum dike (LC, p.15) Society is
not like a court. It doesn’t give you the right to
defend yourself ... Without delay and without doing
any research, it condemns you at the first session;
-taloq kirin (Wlt/RN2) to postpone, delay, put off:
• Diyar e ku hemft kes guhertin§ dixwaze.
Ba§ e, guhertin we king£ g@ bibe? Div§
guhertin ji bo dema p§§ ney§ taloqkirin ft
dive heqe guhertine ji bo enstituye hebe
(RN2 14:80 [#37], p.8) It is obvious that everyone
wants change. Fine! When will change occur?
Change must not be put off for the future, and the
institute must have the right [to effect] change
•Mehkemeya doza Welat ji ber tunebftna
werger§ Kurd! hate taloq kirin (Wit 2:103, p.8)
The trial for the case against Welat [the Kurdish
newspaper] was postponed due to the lack of a
Kurdish translator. [Wlt/RN2]
taloq II jjgJb m. (). relative by marriage: •Em taloq§
hevdu ne (Qzl) We're related by marriage «zava ft
taloq (Drk) son-in-law and relative by marriage.
(syn: xinami; xizm) (taloqti) [Qzl]
taloqti ^jjb f. (-ya; ). being related by marriage,
affinity, having in-laws: # Ger ez jina xwe
berdim, taloqtiya min diqede, [yan] ez ji
taloqtiya wan derdikevim (Qzl) If I divorce my
595
wife, I will no longer have in-laws, [or] I will be re¬
lieved of my in-laws, {syn: xinamiti} [Qzl] <taloq II>
taluke *£Jb (JB3) = danger. See talftke.
talftk*e/t 3 alftke [K(s)] *£& JL» /. ( ;•§). danger, hazard,
peril: • EmS li hember vd talftk& gi bikin?!
(RN) What are we going to do about this hazard?
•We ji bona te ft wi tehlftkeke mezin hebe
(BX *5286) There will be great danger for you and
him. {also: taluke (JB3); tehluke (BX); <tehluke>
Y
(HH)} {syn: xeter} Sor taluke *^Jb = 'urgency;
urgent' cf. T tehlike = 'danger' < P tahleke oSl# =
'perdition' < Ar tahlikah *$1# [RN/K(s)/IFb//JB3//
BX//HH] <tengavi>
ta’m ^b/tam ^ [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF] m.(K)/f.(B/JB3)
(-§/ ; /-§). 1) taste, sense of taste: # Te wi gaxi
te’me min bibini (J) Then you'll see my taste
(=how tasty I am): -ta’m kirin = to taste; 2) tasty
food, delicacy: *Doste wi ji gelek qedre wi
digirt: her tuxme te c am§ xo§ ba, bi-lezet ba,
ew bo wi dirust dikir: xarina bajeriya, ku
§irini, pilaw, go§t, eprax, §orbawa bi
dermanet ben-xo§ ft ti§t§t weki wan e, bo
wi didanane ser sifre (SK 31:274) His friend
would treat him with great respect. He would
prepare for him every kind of good and tasty food:
He would set on the tablecloth townsmen's food,
which is sweetmeats, pilaf, meat, stuffed grape leaves,
soup with fragrant spices and other such things
•[Eger mirofek ji tayfa xwendiyan...tiam ft
zadeki bidine feqireki] (JR) If a learned person
should give food to a poor man... *Baxgaki wi
hakimi heye, giqeyse dare tiame go li
dinyae hene, timam di nav baxge wi de ye
(L-5) this prince has a garden, in which every kind of
fruit tree in the world can be found [lit. ’every food
tree there is in the world, all are in his garden']; 3)
tasting, sampling (of food or drink), {also: tern (F);
te c am (SK); te’m (B/J/Ba2); tiam, f (L); [tarn] ^i (JJ);
<tam> plb (HH)) < Ar ta‘m pji = 'taste' & ta‘am =
'food' [L/JR//SK//K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//B/J/Ba2//F]
tamandin ^jjLb vt. (-tamin-). 1) to coat, plate, gild (a
base metal with gold or silver): •Dawi emir da
xulaman ft koger birin [sic] sftke; ji wi ft
zarok§n wi ra gelek cil ft kinc kirin ft §ftr ft
tifingeke bi ziv tamandi ji dane ft koger bi
re kirin [sic] (JB2-Osman Sebri/Rnh 14 [1943], 8-9)
In the end he ordered his servants to take the nomad
to the marketplace, where they bought many clothes
596
for him and his children, and gave him a silver-
plated sword and rifle, then sent him on his way; 2)
to vaccinate; 3) {syn: patrome kirin} to graft (branch
9
of one tree onto the trunk of another), {also: tamdan
(GF-2); <tamdan> q) (HH)} <Ar ta“am II jji = 'to
vaccinate; to engrave’ [Rhn/jB2/A/lFb/GF/TF/OK//HH]
<deqandin [2]>
tamar jLb (B/K/GF) = vein. See temar.
tamdan (GF/HH) = to engrave; to vaccinate. See
tamandin.
tami§ jy~*\s adj. firm, stable, steady (B): -tami§ bftn (K)
r kirin (K/B) = a) to bear, endure, suffer,
[withstand; b) to be patient, wait patiently, {also:
teyami§ (K/B)} ? < T dayannu§ = 'having withstood'
[Ks/Krg//K/B]
tan ^Ub/tan q\j m. (-e; ). wooden fence; reed fence,
hedge (OK), {also: <tan> (HH)} {syn: percan}
[Bw/HH//A/IFb/OK] <geper I; sime>
tanc g\j (SK/GF) = crown. See t’ac.
tani (TF) = soot. See teni.
• •
tap v b (GF) = epilepsy. See tep.
t’apan jbb f. (-a;-e). harrow, roller, {also: topan
(Wn/Xrz)/topan (Twn); [tapan] jbb (JJ)} {syn:§ftnke
serbani (Czr)} Cf. T taban = 'roller'; W Arm dap’an
muLuJiuitj [Ag/Ml/K/B/JJ//Wn/Xrz] <bagirdan; lox>
taq jjb adj. with white or speckled (spotted) ears (of
goats): # Ka bizina taq? (Ardu, p.115) Where is the
white-eared [or, speckle-eared] goat? [Ardft/IFb]
<bel; k’ol IV; xez>
tar jb (TF) = wet; fresh. See ter.
t’ari§/tari§ [K] jcb m. (-§; t’§ri§). cattle, large
domestic animals, grazing livestock: *Garde t 5 ari§
hatine xware (Ba3-3, #33) Fourteen [heads of]
cattle came down •Isal pftte ter§e me bese (Haz)
This year we have enough winter fodder for our
cattle [lit. 'this year the fodder of our cattle is
enough'], {also: ter§ II (Haz/K-2/A/GF/OK); [tarich]
(JJ); <ter§> Jiys (HH)} {syn: gavri; gare§} Cf. clq.
Syrian Ar tars Ji = 'herd (of cattle), flock (of
sheep)' [Ba3/B/K/JJ//Haz/A/HH/GF/OK] <dewar; ga;
gar an; naxir>
tari ^jb/tart [Bw/SK/HH] adj. 1) dark, obscure:
•Evar hat, bft tari (AB) Evening came, it became
dark •C’e’veki min ma p’encerd, yek bft
te’ri (Z-l) One of my eyes stayed [glued] to the
window, one got dark; 2) {syn: giran I; re§} dark (of
tea, color, etc.) (Bw); 3) [f. (-ya;-y§).] {syn: tariban}
darkness: *Wexta ko tari dikeve erdg (JB3)
When it becomes dark [lit. ’when darkness falls on
the land’], {also: tarik; te’ri II (Z-l/B); [tari/tan] ^b
CJJ); <tari> (HH)) Cf. P tarik Jjjh; Sor tank JLjb
= 'dark'; Hau tarik (M4) (tarik[ay]i; tariftij)
[AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/OK//HH/SK/GF/Bw//Z-l/B]
tariban jLjjb /. (-a;-e). darkness: •taribara sere
sib§ (Z-3) the darkness of daybreak, {also: laribar
(Z-3); te’riban (B); te’ribar (B)) {syn: tari [2]; tariti)
[Z-3//K//B]
taribar jlojb (Z-3) = darkness. See tariban.
tarik JLjb = dark. See tari.
tarikayi Cjb (K[s]) = darkness. See tariti.
tariki ^jb (K) = darkness. See tariti.
tariti ^jb f (). darkness, {also: tan [3]; tarikayi (K[s]);
tariki (K); [tariti] b (JJ)} {syn: tariban)
[K/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF//K(s)]
t’as ^b f. (-a;-§). 1) basin, bowl; round, shallow
drinking cup with handle: *Du tas dewe henik
diani datani her me (Alkan, 71) She would bring
two glasses of cool buttermilk and place them before
us *Min ew tasa geqilm§st a ku hin qe§a we
neheliyabft ji dest§ we girtibft, gend gulp je
vexwaribft (KS, p.49) I took that cup of geqilmast--
in which the ice had not vet melted-from her hands
and drank a few gulps of it «Tas tiji ava zelal e
(AB) The bowl is full of clear water •T’ased xwe
digirtne dested xwe, pe §iva li wan dixistin,
weki bi wi dengi gura bitirsinin (Bs2:l, p.203)
They would take their bowls and bang on them with
their staffs, so as to scare away the wolves with this
noise; 2) unit of weight, about 6 liters (JBl-A). {also:
[tas] (JJ); <tas> (HH)) Cf. Ar tas ^IL/tasah
> T tas; Sor tas ^b = ’metal bowl 1
[AB/K/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/GF/OK//HH] <fincan; k’asik>
tasyan jL^b (SK) = to slip. See teKisin.
ta§t*e c yj;b /. (•iya;«iye). 1) breakfast: # Kegike ji
99
bav§ xwe ra ta§t@ bir (AB) The girl brought her
father breakfast # Ta§tiya min nan <1 mast e (AB)
My breakfast is bread and yoghurt; -ta§te kirin (B)
a) to feed or give s.o. breakfast; b) to have breakfast;
-ta§t£ xwarin (B) to have or eat breakfast; -ta§tiya
mirani (IFb) late breakfast; -ta§tiya pale (IFb)
early breakfast; 2) mid-morning coffee break (Ad);
second breakfast, taken between 8 and 9 o'clock
(JBl-A&S/OK); 3) lunch (Hk/TF). {also: te’§te (B); te§t
(OK-2/SK/Bw); t’e§t’ (JBl-A); [tacht o^b/tachti
(JJ); <ta§te> L (HH)) Cf. P £a§t = ’morning;
dawn; breakfast'; Sor ge§t = ’meal’; Za ta§ti f. =
'meal eaten before noon’ (Mai); Hau ga§ti f. = ’meal,
(any boiled) food’ (M4) [Ad/AB/K/A/IFb/TF/OK/
Msr//B//HH//JJ//JB1-A/SK/Bw]
tat I ob/ta’t o^b f. (-a;-e). 1) boulder, large rock (L);
cliff, crag, precipice (K); mountain ridge made of
massive boulders (IFb): •Carna bi strandin an bi
fikandin, be tirs ft tela§, wek pez kuviya, ji
tehteke me xwe dav§te tehteke din (SW:
Erebe §emo. §ivane Kurd, p.43-44) Sometimes with
singing or whistling, without fear or worry, they
would leap from one rock to another like mountain
goats *Li hindav ft nezi Wane ft Gola Wane
keleh§n mezin ft diroki hene, du keleh ji
van kelehan li raseri l£va gol§ ne, herdu ji
li ser taten pan ft mezin hatine nijandin (SB,
p. 50) Above and beside Van and Lake Van there are
large and historic fortresses, [and] two of those
fortresses overlook the shore of the lake, both of
them have been built on flat and large cliffs; 2) jaiso:
tet II (B)) stone slab (K[s]/B/GF): *Me savar§ xwe
liser tehte kutaye (GF) We beat our bulgur
[barley groats] against the stone slab, {also: taht; teht
(IFb-2/K-2/GF-2/TF/RN/SW); <teht> (HH))
[L/K/IFb/GF//RN/SW/TF//HH//B] <Helan; neKtt;
sel>
tatel Jlj’b /. (-a; ). worry, care, concern, anxiety: «Di
dile Meyro da germayi ft kefxwe§i ya ku
qaseki bere hebft, edi nemabft. §ftna we
tirs, e§ ft tatSl girtibft (MB, p.65) Gone were the
feelings of warmth and happiness which Meyro had
been relishing a short while before. In their stead
came fear, pain, and worry, [syn: k’eder; kul I;
§ayi§; xem) [MB/Ag/Erzurum]
tati /tati ^b [IFb] m. (-ye; ). felt rug: •fturmet,
rabe, tatiye bi bisk, gul-gul, hazir bike bo
niwina mewani ft tatiyeki ji lftl de, bike
balge (SK 31:277) Wife, go and bring an
embroidered and fringed felt rug for our guest's
bedding, and roll up another rug and make it into a
cushion, {also: <tati> (HH)[ {syn;kulav [3]| Sor
tati ^b [SK//HH//IFb]"<kulav>
• •
tav I Jb /. (-a;-e). 1) { s\m: hur; roj [2]) sun, sunlight {as
source of warmth, not the physical star itself}: •Hela
tave nedabft fieg’ed g’iya (Ba2:l, p.204) The
sunlight had not yet touched the mountain peaks
•Iro tav germ e (AB) Today the sun is warm; -her
te’v§ germ bftn (B) to sunbathe, warm o.s. in the
sun; -her te’ve- velezyan (B) to lie in the sun; 2)
597
T
light, daylight, sunlight: -tava heyv# (IFb)/~ hiv# <tavi> (HH); [tavi] (BG)} Cf. Sor tafaw^lib =
(Ag) moonlight; full moon; -tava roj§ (IFb) sunlight. ’torrent' & tafetaf jbjb = '(sound of) rushing water’ &
{also: hetaw (SK); taw (SK-2); te’v II (B); [taw] Jb/ jb taw-u-tof jp^b = 'storm' [Bw/HH//IFb/JJ/GF/
(JJ); <tav> Jli? (HH)} [Pok. tep- 1069] 'to be warm': OK//K//B//TF/Hej//Zeb] <baran>
Skt tapas- n. = 'heat'; Av tapaiti = 'is warm’; cf. Mid P taw jit (SK) = sun. See tav I.
taftan (tab-) = 'to grow hot, shine' & taftan (tab-) = 'to Pawan I jl 3 b (K) = frying pan. See t’awe.
heat, burn, shine’ (M3); P aftab = ’sun' & tawa§ jiljb (Haz) = oil products used in cooking. See
tabestan ( j^>b = ‘summer’; Sor hetaw jx+A = ’sun’; tewa§.
cf. also Lat tepidus = ‘warm’; Rus teplyi TenAHft = t’aw*e ojb /. (*a;*§). pan, saucepan, frying pan. {also:
'warm 1 [Kg/Ag/K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/ Pa wan I (K-2); tewe (IFb-2); tewik (AD); [tave] o 3 b (JJ);
TF/OK//B//HH//SK] <tavehiv; tirej> <tawe> 03 b (HH)} ( syn: miqilk) Cf. P tabe <ub
tav II Jb (EP-7) = wild animal, beast. See tabe. [Frq/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ//AD]
tav III oil? (Zeb)/tav Jib (TF/OK/Hej) = cloudburst. See Pax ^b f. (-a;-e). l) [syn: mihel} district,
tavi. neighborhood, quarter (of city) : •Paxa jorin (Dyd)
tavaheyv Jfcou&Ub (TF) = moonlight. See tavehiv. the upper quarter (of a city) ; 2 ) district, region (K/B).
tavehiv oLj&J b /. ( ;-e). moonlight: •Li ber {also: taxe I (IFb- 2 ); Pax (K/Dyd); [tag] £b (JJ); <tax>
tavehiv# gav#n w# y#n gir re§ dibiriqin ^b (HH)} [A/IFb/B/HH//K/JJ/Dyd]
(MB-Meyro) Her large, black eyes twinkled in the taxe I «^b (IFb) = district. See Pax.
moonlight *§evek ji §even havine bu. taxe II *ib, m. (IFb/HH/GF/OK) = stack; bundle. See
Tavehiv bft (MB-Meyro) It was a summer night. texe.
The moon was shining [lit. ’moonlight was’], {also: taxli L Jsb (Z-922) = finally. See tali II [ 2 ].
tavaheyv (TF); tava heyve (JB3); tavheyiv (K); Pax ^-b (K/JJ/Dyd) = district. See Pax.
tavheyv (GF); [taw-a hiwi] ( jLJb Ub (JJ); <taveheyv> Paybeti ^'^b adj. special, particular: • Derheqa kar
(HH)} (syn: hiveron [l]} de zanina xwe ya taybeti heye (IFb) He has his
[MB//TF//JB3//K//GF//JJ//HH] <tav I> own special knowledge about work •Rojnameya
tavheyiv Jo,^‘b (K) = moonlight. See tavehiv. taybeti ya Enstituya Kurdi ya Paris# (Kmc)
tavheyv Jb^'b (GF) = moonlight. See tavehiv. the special newspaper of the Kurdish Institute of
t’avile ^iib adv. immediately, at once: «Bawer dikim Paris; -[bi] taybeti (K/IF) specifically, especially
ku roja ez vi cam#ri bibinim ez# tafil# wi {syn: ilahi; nemaze}: *bi taybeti Celadet
bikujim (Frq) I think that the day I see that fine Bedirxan ft gelek ronakbir#n Kurd (Ber)
fellow, I will kill him at once •Le beyi ku ez ve especially Djeladet Bedirkhan and many Kurdish
sar ft §erm# li xwe bidime der tavile intellectuals. <Ar tabT ah = 'nature' {also: teybeti
dib#jim:~Pirtfik#n gi? Min pirtUk ne (A)} [Ber/K/JB3/IFb/OK/RZ//A]
nivisandine ku... Ez nanivisinim, keko (Epl, taybetmendi /. ( ). trait, characteristic:
p.18) But without manifesting this coldness, I say at *§erefxan Ciziri di nivisa xwe ya bi
once, "What books? I haven’t written any books ... I sernav# "Edebiyat an ji kultur" de digel
don't write, my friend” »Van hevalan tavile, taybetmendiyen wejeya devki, tekili fi.
dotira roj# dest bi xebat# kir ft xebata xwe cudatiya w# ya ji w#jeya niviski ji li ber
bfiwestan ft rawestan bir seri (AW73A3) These gavan radixe (AW72B5) Sheref Khan Jiziri
comrades immediately on the following day began presents the characteristics of oral literature, its
working and carried out their work without relationship to and difference from written literature
stopping, {also: tafile (Frq)} [Epl/AW//Frq] in his article entitled "Literature or culture", {syn:
tavi ^yb/tavi [Bw/HH]/ta £ vi ^S&b [K/OK-2] f xeyset) [AW]
(-ya;-y#). cloudburst, sudden downpour: Payf*e **jb f. (•a;*#). 1) tribe, small tribe: ’’a) Ashire,
•[Taviya Nisan#, h#jaya male Xuristane] (BG) large tribe, b) Qabile, medium-sized tribe, c) Taife,
An April cloudburst is worth all the riches of the small tribe....however the word taife is often taken
universe [proverbial saying], {also: tav III (Zeb)/tav in the general sense, signifying any tribe, whether
(TF/OK-2/Hej); tehvi (GF); te’vi II (B); [tawi] ^yb (JJ); ashire, qabile, or taife. The large tribes, ashires, are
598
composed of qabiles and of taifes or simply of taifes.
There are a large number of qabiles and taifes which
do not depend on an ashire; such a tribe is normally
called <* 3 ^ [tayfeye mutafarriqa], isolated
taife." (JR, p. 1, note 2); 2) group; caste (B):
•[mirofek ji tayfa xwendiyan] (JR) a learned
person [lit., ’a man from the group/caste of learned
ones’]; 3) splinter groups within a tribe (B). {also: teife
(F); t’eyfe (B/Ba2-2); [taife] (JJ)) < Ar ta’ifah *i5d
[Ba2/K/A/JB3//IFb//F//B//JJ] <'e§iret; qebile>
tayfi ^ybb (). purple, tart type of grape, [also: tayifi
(TF)} [Msr/GF//TF] <tiri>
tayifi ^b (TF) = type of grape. See tayfi.
tayik dob (Msr) = thread. See ta I.
t’aze ojb adj . 1) { syn: ter [2]} fresh, green: *Te gima
dewsa kevezane deste xwe ew giqe t’eze
§inbfiyi biri? (Abbasian #6:144) Why have you
cut that green branch in place of [—to replace] the
stick [you carry in] your hand?; 2) {syn: nu) new,
recent: -Riya T’eze = The New Way, name of a
Kurdish newspaper published in Erevan in Cyrillic
script; 3) fine, excellent (HH/JBl-A); 4) [adv.] {syn:
nihaj now, just now (Ad/Dz/K): •Divinin we
xortek gae xwe t’eze girtye ku qo§ke (Dz)
They see that the young man has just barely taken
his bull(s) to tie them to the plough {describes him as
lazy [taze = ?just barely]! # Eva buka ji jina wi
xorte t’embele, ku gae xwe t’eze qo§dikir
(Dz) This young woman is the wife of that lazy
young man who was just barely ploughing with his
oxen, {also: tazi Il/ta’zi II (JBl-S); t’eze (Dz/K/B/A-
2/IF-2); [taz6] ojb (JJ); <taze> ojb (HH)} Cf. P taze ojb
—> T taze; Sor taze ojb = 'recent, new, fresh, recently’
[tazeti; tezeti) [Ad/A/JB3/IFb/HH/JBl-A//Dz/K/B]
tazin Qjtk (-taz-) (JBl-A) = to go numb. See tevizin.
taziye <yjb (IFb/SK) = condolence. See taziye.
tazi I ^gjb/ta’zi I ^^b [JBl-S] adj. 1) (syn: rut) naked,
nude, bare: -riftte-tazi (Ba2) do.: *kevired rdte-
tazi (Ba2) bare rocks; 2) drawn (sword ): *Q., §ure
winak§ tazi, bi pey dik’eve (Z-3) Q., his sword
drawn, pursues her. [also: tezi I; te’zi (B); [tazi] ^jb
(JJ); <tazi> (HH)) [taziti; te’ziti)
[AB/AJ/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/JBl-S/JJ/GF/TF//HH//B]
tazi II ^b/ta’zi II (JBl-S) = fresh; new. See t’aze.
tazi III ^jb (Bw/JJ-Rh) = condolence. See taziye.
taziti ^jb f. ( ;-y§). nakedness, nudity, [also: te’ziti
(B)} {syn: rutayi) [K/IFb/TF//B] <tazil>
taziy«e «^ojb f. ( ;•§). 1) (symbehi; serxwe§i [2]}
condolence, comforting (upon s.o.’s death) ; 2)
(Shiite) passion play (SK): «Hung sunni gelek b§-
insafin. Qelbe hingo gelek reqe. Hung qet
taziye bo Imam Huseyni mezlom, §ehide
Kerbelae, naken, xo nakutin, nagirin (SK
60:709) You Sunnis are very unjust. Your hearts are
very hard. You never perform a passion-play for the
oppressed Imam Hussein, the martyr of Kerbela, you
do not beat yourselves, you do not weep, {also:
taziye (IFb/SK); tazi III (Bw); t’ezi’yi (K);
[teaziie/tahhzf (G)/tazi (Rh)] (JJ)) <Ar ta'ziyah
W
, verbal noun of V‘-z-y II L ^ - 'to condole, give
comfort, express one’s sympathy’--> P ta'ziyeh
= ’passion play, condolence' & ta'ziyat =
'condolence'; T taziye [Bw/j]-Rh//OK//iFb/SK//jj//K]
te pm. {oblique case of tu I) 1) you (sing.) , thou,
thee: *Ez te dibinim = I see you «Te ez ditim =
You saw me; 2) your, thy: •hevala te = your
(girl)friend, {also: [te] oj (JJ); <te> < 0 ' (HH))
[BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
te c am pUd (SK) = tasty food. See ta 3 m.
t’eb = patience; suffering. See t’ab.
teba Leo - (JB3/GF/OK) = wild animal, beast. See tabe.
tebaq ^b*^ (IFb) = hoof and mouth disease. See tebeq I.
T’ebax I^-b^o f ( ;-e). August (month) : •[T’emflz
T’ebaxe, agir digirite axe, du dirabite ji
§axe] (BG) In July and August, fire takes hold of the
soil [i.e., the soil catches fire], smoke rises from the
horns (of animals) [proverbial expression]; -meha
Tebaxe = do. {also: T’ebax III (B-2); [tebakh
^Ld/tebag >ld] (JJ); <tebax> (HH)) according to
HH < Ar tabbax ^>ld (tabaxa £%d = 'to cook’—> 'to
ripen'], because during this month fruits ripen;
corresponds to last part of Xermanan (P
murdad jIv) [Leo] & 1st part of Gelawej
jj 3 Y^/Berewpayiz yob 3 o Jt y (P sahrlvar [Virgo]
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
t’ebax II £b m.(B)/f.(K/JJ/JBl-S) (/-a; ). 1) (syn: belg;
p’el I) sheet, leaf (of paper) : «Me t’ebaxe k’axez
kirye bin xalig§ (Ba3-1) we put a sheet of paper
under the carpet; 2) layer, stratum, [also: t’ebax II (B-
2); tebeq II (JB1-A/SK/GF); t’ebeq (JBl-S); t’evax
(Ba3-1); [tabaq] jd (JJ)) <Ar tabaq ^yd = 'layer'; Sor
tebeq j-u-j [Ba3-l/K/B//JJ//SK/GF]
tebax I £b<aj (B) = hoof and mouth disease. See tebeq L
t’ebax II £L«v (B) = sheet (of paper) ; layer. See t’ebax
II.
599
T
T’ebax III ^IaJ (B) = August. See T’ebax I.
tebe (GF)/te’be (B) = wild animal, beast. See
tabe.
tebek .JajaJ (GF/Elk) = hoof and mouth disease. See
tebeq I.
tebel JajaJ /. (-a; ). marble, small glass balls that boys
like to play with, {syn: mat I (Bw)] [Bw]
tebeq I qajaj /. ( ;-6). foot and mouth disease, hoof
and mouth disease (of cattle): *Tebek le ketiye
(GF) [The animal] has come down with hoof and
mouth disease, {also: debax (K/B); tebaq (IFb); tebax
I (B); tebek (GF/Elk); tebexe (K-2); teweg (IFb-2);
<tebeq> (HH)) {syn: mazber;*§ebek) Cf. T tabak;
Sor tebeq [A//HH//GF/Elk//K/B//IFb] <kam II>
tebeq II jaja; (JBl-A/SK/GF)/t’ebeq (JBl-S) = sheet (of
paper) ; layer. See t’ebax II.
teberuk aJ (SK) = talisman. See t’iberk.
tebesi adj. turquoise, light blue, {syn: piroze)
[Elk/FJ] <he§m>
tebexe A^i. Aj aJ (K) = hoof and mouth disease. See tebeq
I.
t’ebi'et f.(K)/m.(SK/Z-2) (-a/-e;-e/). 1) {syn:
siru§t; xweza) nature (lit. & fig.) ; essence; 2)
characteristic, property, quality, trait; character,
disposition, temper, {also: tabiyet (IFb); t’eb[i]yet (B);
t’ibifiet, m. (Z-2); [tabiat] (JJ); ctebi'et
oou^b/teb'et (HH)) <Ar tabTah a= 'nature’
M • • ' ' * • •• •
[Z-2//K/SK//B//IFb//JJ//HH] <t’aybeti>
t’ebiyet o*a^^ (B) = nature; characteristic. See t’ebi'et.
tebftr j^ja 3 - (). pitchfork (IFb); wooden pitchfork for
winnowing grain (A/HH). {also: <tebur> (HH))
{syn: k’arec; mileb) [A/IFb/HH] <kunore; seguh I>
t’ebyet O A_o Aj" (B) = nature; characteristic. See t’ebi'et.
teda Ijaj (K)/te’da 1 a*a 3‘ (GF) = oppression. See te’dari.
t’edarek .AjIjaj (K) = preparations; repair. See t’edarik.
t’edarik JJ jaj m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: k’ar II) preparations,
gathering together the necessary articles (for a
journey) : -t’edarik kirin (K) to make preparations,
get ready (for a journey) ; 2) correction, repair (K).
{also: t’edarek (K); tedaruk (SK); t’ivdarek (B/F/K-2);
[tedarik] JJjj (JJ); <tedarik> JJjj (HH)) < Ar
tadaruk JIJ jj--> T tedarik = ’preparations’
[JR/IFb/JJ/HH//SK//K//F/B]
te’dari f. (-ya;-ye). oppression, injustice,
persecution; disturbance, bothering, torment[ing],
torture; violence, robbery, assault: •Qu zemanan
deh sal li-dft-y§k negftne ku li ciyeki
mezineki Kurdan ji zulm ft te'eddiya
’Usmaniyan negar nebftbit bi e§qiyatiy§ yan
Kelatin§ bo-naw dewletki di yan bi §er
kirine Ketta meKw bfty (SK 56:639) At no time
have ten years on end gone by without some
Kurdish leader in some place having been obliged,
by the oppression and tyranny of the Ottomans, to
take either to rebellion or flight to another state or
fighting to the death •Sti.to ft kuret wi ft birayet
wi ft hem! mezinSt ocaxa w! gelek zulm ft
te’eddiye li Rekaniyan kirin [sic] (SK
61:730/ST, p.15) Suto, with his sons, his brothers,
and the elders of his clan visited many persecutions
and impositions upon the Rekani; -te’dari le kirin
(Bw)/taday! ~ (IFb) to bother, torment, disturb,
harass; torture, cause discomfort: *(^el kele§ ...
geliki tadeye li xelke dikin (L) Forty brigands
... greatly harass the people •Kesek! fade li te ne
kiriye (L) Nobody has done you any harm
•Te’dari li min neke (Bw) Don't torment me!
{also: t’ada (K-2)/tada (IFb-2/GF); t’adari (K); tadayi
(IFb/OK); Fade (L); teda (K-2); te’da (GF-2); te'eddi
(SK); [tadoil] ^jj (JJ-Rh); <te’edda l^/te’edahi
(HH); <te'eda> ) ja*aj (Hej)l <Ar ta'adda V
.. w w
& verbal noun ta'addl (v c -d-we.g.,
••
‘aduwjAp = 'enemy’): forms in -dari [with -r-j perhaps
by identification with such words as zordarl
[L//Bw/Hk//K//IFb/OK//HH//SK//Hej//GF]
<destdireji>
tedaruk J 3 Jjaj (SK) = preparations. See t’edarik.
tedbir^-oJAi' (SK/IFb/OK/JJ/HH) = plan, plot. See
t’evdir.
te'eddi ^jja&a 3' (SK) = oppression. See te’dari.
t’efandin vt. (-t’efin-). 1) {syn: temirandin;
veku§tin; vemirandin; vesandin) to extinguish, put
out (fire, lights) ; 2) {syn: qir kirin) to destroy, ruin:
•Em gewa bikin, ev! zalim! m§rg ft giman,
bax ft baxge me t’efand ft xirab kir (IS-#53)
What should we do? this tyrant has ruined our
meadows and gardens! {also: [tefandin] ^ jjlit (JJ);
<tefandin (ditefine) (A^ibj)> (HH)) <Ar tafi’a
= 'to be extinguished' [IS/K/IFb/OK//JJ/HH]
<Fefin>
t’efekftri ^j^asaj /. (-ya; ). 1) worry, concern, care:
• Ser ve xebere Qeret’ajdin gelek t’efekftri
k’i§and (FK-eb-1, p. 282) After hearing this,
Qeretajdin became mournful *T’ene t’efekftriya
kur§ xweyi BSnamsda bft (Ba-1, #34) His only
concern was for his son Benams; 2) [adj.] sad,
600
T
gloomy, mournful (B): -t’efekftri bftn (B) to be sad;
-t’efekftri kirin (B) to sadden, make mournful.
Ui
<Ar tafakkur _jSJa - ’contemplation, reflection,
meditation' [Ba-l/FK-eb-l/K/B]
t’efin q-Jou vi. (-tef-). to be extinguished, go out (fire,
lights). {also: [tefiian] jLib (JJ); ctefan ^Ub (ditefe)
(«\ibj)> (HH)} {syn: temirin; vemirin; vesin) <Ar
tafi’a £ab = ’to be extinguished’ [IFb/OK//JJ//HH]
<t’efandin>
tef§i ( (OK) = adze. See tev§o.
vv
tehel (OK) - spleen. See tefidl.
t’eher m. (-§;-!). 1) (syn: awa; celeb I; cure) way,
manner, method: •Min k’esek nedit teher§ vi
xani (Z-l) I haven't seen anyone who fits the
description of this khan; -bi vi t’eheri (Ba) in this
way; 2) (syn; fa we) mood, mode (of verb, e.g.,
indicative, subjunctive , etc.) : -t’eher§ fermaniye
(B/F) imperative mood; -t’ehere §erti (B)
conditional mood. [Ba/F/K/IFb/B/GF]
tehil (SW/TF) = bitter. See tal I.
tehisandin (IFb) = to cause to slip. See
teKisandin.
tehisin (RZ) = to slip. See tefiisin.
tehji s (IFb) = greyhound. See taji.
tehl Ja-g* (JB3/IFb/RZ) = bitter. See tal I.
tehlik (TF) = unripe melon. See talik.
tehli (K/JB3) = bitterness. See tali I.
tehluice oS&L (BX) = danger. See talftke.
tehn qaaj (GF) = energy, power. See t§n.
teht (RN/IFb/GF/TF/K/SW) = boulder; cliff. See tat
I.
tehvi (GF) = cloudburst. See tavi.
teKSl f (-a; ). spleen, {also: tal II (IFb); tehel
(OK); tihe’l [sic] (GF); tihel (TF); [tahhel J^b (JJ-G)}
(syn: dedik; fatere§k; xalxalk) < Ar tihal JUb (pi.
Y
tuhul J^b) = ’spleen, milt'; = Sor sipif
[Bw//IFb//OK//GF//TF//JJ-G]
teKisandin vt (-teKisin-). to cause to slip or
trip, {also: tehisandin (IFb)) (syn; §eniitandin)
[Bw//IFb] <tehisin>
teKisin q~*>ajvL (-teKis-). to slip, slide; to trip and
fall, stumble, {also: tasyan (SK); tehisin (RZ);
<teKisin> (HH)) (syn: alin; lik’umin)
[Zx/M/HH//RZ//SK] <[ra]§iqitin>
teKle m. (Bw) = sorghum. See tale.
teKli§k (Bw) = type of weed. See tali§k.
teife (F) = tribe. See t’ayfe.
teir ^*3 (F/J) = bird. See teyr.
teirok (F) = hail[stones]. See teyrok.
tej I f (). unit of measure equal to one-fourth (1/4)
of a doniim, or 250 square meters (IF) [cf. T evlek]
(syn: lat [2]) [IFb]
tej II jaj m. ( ; t6j). 1) type of thin, napless carpet (K);
long thin napless carpet or kilim (A); 2) tent strip
made of black goathair (A/B). [K/A/lFb/B/GFJ ctejik I>
tejik I m. (). 1) kilim, flat-weave pileless carpet; 2)
garment made of flax (HH). {also: <tejik> (HH)}
(syn: ber IV; cacim; cil II; gelt; Kilim; mer§)
[K/A//HH] <tej II>
tejik II (Dz) = young of animal, cub. See t@jik.
teji I (JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK) = full. See Fiji,
te’ji ll ^ (F/B/Dz/Ag) = greyhound. See taji.
t’ek f. (). 1) (syn: fer I; kit) one of a pair; unit; item:
•t’eke garix (B) one slipper *t’eke gore (B) one
sock; 2) coin equivalent to 2 1/2 kurushes (HH); 3)
[adj.] (syn: t’ene) sole, alone, single; 4) [adv.] only,
just: *Ew ji dihate meydane, wek! t’ek
dindara tJsib bibine (Ba) He came to the square
just to see Joseph's countenance, {also: [teke] aSj (JJ);
<tek> Jj (HH)) Cf. P tak Jj~> T tek; Sor tek =
’one of a pair, single thing’ (t’ekti)
[Ba/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ] <cot; Keb; kit>
t’ekti C5 ^J f. ( ;-ye). solitude, loneliness. [K/B] <t’ek>
tekuz (TF) = complete. See t’ekflz.
t’ekuz adj. complete, perfect, of high quality,
fine: *Ev goharto ji gi§an tekhztir e (DM) This
version is the most complete of all. {also: tekuz (TF))
[DM/K(s)/GF//TF]
teT Jpaj (B/HH/JB1-S) = bitter. See tal I.
telandin vt. (-telin-). to hide (vt.) , conceal:
-xwe telandin = to hide [vi.) (syn: telin; xwe
ve§artin; xwe xef kirin). (syn: ve§artin) Cf. Turoyo
t-l-y = 'to be removed' [Z-l/K/B] <telin>
telarj^^’ f. (). balcony, {syn: behwe; palkon; rewaq [4];
yazlix) Cf. P talar yfc = 'hall, parlor’ [IFb/OK]
tela§ (; tele§) (A/IFb/B/JJ/HH) = wood chips, filings,
sawdust. See teli§.
te’layi (B) = bitterness. See tali I.
te’ld*e oaIpcO' m.(K/B)/f.(JB3) (•£/; ). 1) cover,
concealment, camouflage: •Melle ... ber te’ld§
landik§ rhni§t (Dz) The mollah ... sat down under
the concealment of the cradle [=hid behind the
cradle]; 3) [adj.] secluded: •ciy& te’lde (B)
secluded place *Heryek dige ciki te’lde (Ba)
Each one goes to a secluded place; 2) shelter, {also:
601
T
talde (K/IFb/GF); [talde] 0 jJL“ (JJ)} [Ba/A/JB3/B//
K/IFb/JJ/GF]
t’elef o*/. (). loss, perdition, destruction: -ber telef
gfln (L) to go to waste, be wasted: # Taba min ber
telef nege (L) [So that] my pains won't go to waste;
-t’elef kirin (IFb/SK/OK) to destroy: •§ukr bo
xude ku min dujmine xo telef kir tj tola xo
kireve, ez mam selamet (SK 61:774 = ST, p.30
[2nd group]) Thank God, I have finished my enemy
and taken my revenge in safety [lit. ’I remained safe’].
{also: [telef] «jLb* (JJ)) < Ar talaf Uib [L/K/lFb/jj/SK/OK]
telep (BK) = group. See t’elp.
teletel Jdj<J«o/tele-tel Jaj [K/F] adv. sneakily,
secretly, surreptitiously; unnoticed; silently, without
a sound: •Em teletel gflne hundure male (B)
We secretly went inside the house •Vira Aqtib
teletel dige ber hewz (Ba3-3, #5) Here Jacob
sneaks over to the pool. [Ba3/F/K/B/GF] <ber
xweda; telin>
telh*e ^<o‘[Bw/IFb/Hej]/telh«e [Bw] /. («a; ).
trap or snare for catching big animals (bear, wolf,
deer, fox, sheep): -telha rave/- nergira (Bw) do.
{also: telik I (Hk); tell II (Zeb); <telhe> (Hej)} P
tale <1;; Sor tele [Bw/IFb/Hej//Hk//Zeb] <dav I;
site; tepik I; xefik>
telik I JJoA? (Hk) = trap. See telhe.
te’lik II JI&aj (GF) = unripe melon. See talik.
t’eliqfn vi. (-t’eliq-). to give birth to pups (of
dogs), {also: deliqin (IFb-2/OK-2); terikin II (Bt/B))
Sor terekin q-SojoC = ’to whelp, produce pups'
[Qzl/K/IFb/OK/FJ//Bt/B] <avis; welidin; zayin>
telism (M-Zx) = talisman, charm. See t’ilism.
tell I (HR-I) = finger. See tilt I.
tell II (Zeb) = trap. See telhe.
telln <xj vi. (-tel-). to hide (vi.) , conceal o.s.: •ZinS
k’etibfl bin qap’tit§ Mem§, teliya bH (Z-l) Zin
got under Mem’s coat, she hid. {syn;xwe telandin;
xwe ve§artin; xwe xef kirin) Cf. Turoyo t-l-y = ’to be
removed’ [Z-l/K/A/B] <telandin>
Pells ^ J«0’ m. (). sack made of hemp: •T’elisek
arvan li ser pi§ta wiye (Z-2, 74) A sack of flour
on his back... {also: <telis> (HH)) (syn: gewal;
ferde; gunik; me§ok (Z); Per III) lZ- 2 /A/iFb/HH/GF/Bw]
teli§ I m. Q. 1) {syn: qir§) (wood) splinter, chip
(S&E/K); filings, sawdust; 2) slice, piece (A), {also:
tela§ ( ; tele§) (A/IFb/B); Pera§ I; tili§ (S&E-2/K);
[telach] J?i> (JJ); <tela§> (HH)) Cf. T t[i]ra§ =
'shave, shaving’ & tala§ = ’wood shavings, sawdust’;
602
Sor tela§ = ’shavings’ [S&E//K//A/IFb/B/JJ//HH]
<Pera§tin>
teli§ II (GF) = bandage. See terl§.
Pelp m. (-e; ). 1) a thick group of clouds (IFb);
thick fog or smoke (K); storm cloud (K): •telpek
ewri re§ (IFb) a mass of black clouds •telpek av§
(IFb) a mass of water; 2) herd or flock (of birds or
animals): *telpek tSr (IFb) a flock of birds; 3)
group (of soldiers) (IF); group (of men or horsemen)
(BK): *telpe esker (IFb) group of soldiers, {also:
telep (BK)) [K/IFb//BK] <[1] ewr; p’elte; [2] keri II;
revo; [3] cerge; lek>
telqe (Elk) = pulling, yanking. See teqil.
tern (F)/te’m
See ta’m.
(B/J/Ba2) = taste; tasty food; tasting.
temah (IFb) = greedy; greed. See tima.
Pemam adj . 1) (syn: gi§k; her; Hemu) all [generally
follows the word it modifies ]: *Ez§ v§ qesr§
male tede timam teslime te bikim (L) I will
hand over to you this palace and all the property in
it »Teyr Pemam bin deste Sil£man-
p’exemberda bun (Z-828) The birds were all
under the control [lit. ’hand’] of Solomon the
prophet; 2) whole, entire, complete [generally
precedes the word it modifies]: • timam libse wan
sor (L) their whole garb—red [=they (are) entirely
clad in red], {also: timam (L); [temam] (JJ);
<temam> (HH)) < Ar tamam ^Lj; Sor tewaw
(Pemami) [L//K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
Pemami f (-ya;-y£). 1) entirety; sum total,
• •
aggregate: -bi temaml (SK) entirely; 2) the whole,
the entire: •T’emamfa cim’et§ bi Kewask’ari
MeyanS dinih§re (Ba3-3, #9) The entire group
[lit. ’the entirety of the group’] looked at Meyaneh
with interest •Pemamfya dunlya§ (B) the whole
world •temamiya gund (IF) the whole village
•Pemamiya welet (B) the whole country.
[Ba3/K/IF/B/SK] <Pemam>
temar jLco/te’mar [B] /. (-a;-@). 1) vein; 2)
nerve(s). {also: damar (K/IFb-2/JB3); tamar (B-2/K-
2/GF-2); [tamar] (JJ); <temar> (HH)) < T
damar = ’vein; Sor demar jLoj = ’vein, nerve’; Za
damari/tamar f (Mai) [F/IFb/GF//B//HH//K/JB3//JJ]
cbetan [1]; xwin>
tema§a (A/JB3/JJ/HH/GF) = spectacle, show. See
fema§e.
Pema§*e /. (• a;• 6). sight, spectacle, show: -li
ft-t tema§e kirin / tema§a ft-t kirin = to
T
observe, watch, look at: *Ev e niv saeta min temirendin jju I^Aj/temirandin [M-Zx] vt
qediya, ez ji xwe re li te tema§e bikim (L) (-temirin-/-temirin-[M-Zxl). to extinguish, put
I've been watching you for half an hour • Wele, out (a fire); to turn off (lights, radio, etc.): *Min
weki ez bimirim ji, ez6 xwera rabim, li g’ira temirand (B) I extinguished the lamp, [also:
Mem§ t’ema§eki m. Xulam gft diwaneda dtemirandin] (JJ]| (syir damirandin;
sekin! h Fema§a Meme kir (EP-7) B\' God, even Pefandin; vekustin; vemirandin: vesandin; gtdadan}
if I were dying, I’d get up to have a look at Mem.
They boy went and stood in the divan and looked
at Mem. { also: tema§a (A/JB3/GF); [temasca] ULj (JJ);
<tema§a> LLj (HH)) < P temasa ULj (of Arabic
origin) [L/K/B/IFb//A/JB3/JJ/HH/GF]
t’embe ^aj = instructions; warning; order. See t’emi.
t’embel J adj. lazy, [also: Pemel (GF-2); Penbel;
[tenbel] (JJ)) ( syn: Piral) Cf. P tanbal T
tembel; Hau temel (M4) (Pembel[t]i; t’enbel[t]i}
[Dz/F/K/B/GF//JJ] t’embeli ^a^aj f. ( ;-y6).
#♦
laziness: *Tedbir bi-senai ye, emma Eetta
noke me ji tembeli nekiriye (SK 19:177) The
remedy is easy, but up till now we have not applied
it out of laziness, [also: Pembelti (K/B); Penbeli (K);
Penbelti (K)) (syn: t’ifali) [K/B/SK/GF] <Pembel>
Pembelti ^yd A*_« Aj (K/B) = laziness. See t’embeli.
♦ ♦
tembih a^a; = instructions; warning; order. See t’emi.
Pembi c ^-*A; (B) = instructions; warning; order. See
t’emi.
t’embftr f. (-a;-§). tambur, Kurdish musical
string instrument, identical with Turkish
saz/baglama: »Li tembftra xwe dixe (L) He plays
his tambur •Tembhra xwe dani ser goga xwe
(L) He put his tambur on his knee *U ji xwe re li
tembftr§ dixe (L) And he plays to himself on the
tambur. [also: Pembure (B-2); [tambur] (JJ))
[L/K/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ/ GF ]
Pembure o j^^aj (B) = musical string instrument.
See t’embfir.
teme I a^a 3‘ (F/JJ) = checkers. See dame.
Peme II a*a; (Z-l) = instructions; warning; order.
See t’emi.
temeh aa^a 3' (IFb) = instructions; warning; order.
See t’emi.
Pemel Ja*a; (GF) = lazy. See t’embel.
temesi ^ a^aj (GF/HH) = woman's silk head scarf. See
t’emezi.
t’emezi <0 f- ( ;-yS) . woman’s silk head scarf;
transparent head kerchief (Haz). [also: temesi (GF-2);
[temezi] (JJ); ctemezi ^>J/ temesi L ^> (HH))
{syzrk’itan} [Haz/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] cherati;
Kibri; k’ofi; lag’ik; p’o§i>
[F/K/A/IFb/B/OK//JJ/M-Zx] <temirin>
temirin a;/ temirin [Bw] vi. (-temir-/
-temir-[Bw]). l) [syn: Pefin; vemirin; vesin) to be
extinguished, go out (a fire, the lights): «Newroz
buye ni§ana §ore§a KawaySn hemdemi, p£t
u §uleya agire we daye hemu cihan§ u nate-
mire (Wit 2:61, p.13) Newroz has become the sym¬
bol of the struggle of the modern Kawas, it has lit the
entire world with its flames and will not be extin¬
guished; 2) to stall (automobile) (Bw); 3) to die (JJ); to
croak, die (of animals; contemptuously of people)
(IFh/HH). [also: [temirin] (JJ); ctemirin
(ditemiri) ( l9 ^j)> (HH)} [Bw/JJ/HH//Wlt/F/
K/A/IFb/B/OK] <hilkirin [2]; temirandin>
t’emiz >*a; adj. 1) [syn: p’ak [1]; p’aqij) clean, pure:
• §ivan xwera nava kulilkada digerin,
bina hewa g’iyaye t’emiz dik’i§inin (Ba2;l,
p.203) Shepherds roam among tbe flowers,
breathing in pure mountain air; 2) [ adv .] thoroughly,
properly: -Eve vecare kurke mefibftb ..
t’emiz peg’a (EP-7) Then she thoroughly
swaddled the dear child, [also: terms (SK);
temiz (IFb/SK-2); [temiz] (JJ); <temiz>
(HH)) Cf. P tamlz > T temiz; Sor
temiz >^.a 3' = ’clean' (Pemizayi; Pemiz[t]i)
[EP-7/K/B/GF//IFb/JJ/HH/0K//SK]
Pemizayi ^P^a; (B) = cleanliness. See t’emizi.
• %
t’emizi ^>a3 - f. (). cleanliness, [also: Pemizayi
(B); Pemizti (K); temizi (OK)) [K//B//OK]
<Pemiz>
Pemizti (K) = cleanliness. See t’emizi.
• t
t’emi f. (-ya;-y§). 1) instruction(s), directive(s);
2) admonition, warning: *Eva t’emiya min
wera (Ba) This is my warning to you •Tenbiha
min li te be (L) Let me warn you [lit. 'May my
warning be on you’]; -t’emi dan fk-i (K) to advise,
admonish: *Dibe ku te t’emi dane Osib (Ba)
Perhaps you warned Joseph (=tipped Joseph off);
3) order; commandment, [also: t’embe; tembih;
t’embi (B); Peme II (Z-l); temeh (IFb); tenbih (IFb-2);
t’enbi; Penbih (-a;) (L); [tenbih] a~j (JJ); <tenbe[h]>
603
T
<ujjt (HH)) < Ar tanbih [Ba/K//B//Z-
l//L//IFb//JJ//HH]
temis (SK) = clean. See Pemiz.
temiz>*-*« 0 ' (IFb/JJ/HH/OK) = clean. See Pemiz.
temizi (OK) = cleanliness. See PemizS.
T’emfiz j^oa f ( ;-e). July: •[T’emtiz il T 5 ebax6,
agir digirite axe, du dirabite ji §axe] (BG)
In July and August, fire takes hold of the soil [i.e.,
the soil catches fire], smoke rises from the horns
(of animals) [proverbial expression], {also:
[temouz] _^j (JJ); <temuz> (HH); [tamouze]
(BG)) | syn: Tirmeh) Syr Tamuz yo^ts—> Ar
tammuz -->T Temmuz; corresponds to last
part of Germaciman ,j*S7Pu§per
(P tlr ^p) [Cancer] & 1st part of Xermanan
(P murdad jIj[L eo] [BG//K/IFb/B/
JJ/HH/GF/OK]
te 5 n 0**2 t(Msr/B)/m.(K)/pl.(Msr) ( ;-e/). 1) scolding,
criticism; reproach, reproof; blame, censure;
mockery, ridicule; 2) threat, threatening action (B):
-te 5 n dayin (B) to threaten (with words or gestures)]
3) sharp pain (B): «te 5 na birine (B) sharp pain from
a wound, {also: tene (F); [tan dain] (JJ) = 'to
censure' [Fr censurer]) < Ar ta‘n = piercing;
slandering 1 --> P ta‘n qAd = 'taunting; wounding with
words; reproaching' & ta‘neh = ’sarcasm; bitter
taunt; jeer’ [Msr/K/B//JJ//F]
tena I adj. calm, tranquil, quiet, peaceful; safe,
secure: • £di bi hev re bo yekgirtine u jineka
tena (BH, p.60) Let’s all together [go] for unity and a
tranquil life, (a/so: [tana] la (JJ); <tena> b(Hej)] Cf.
Jewish NENA tana = 'quiet, at ease' (YS) (tenahi [l])
[BH/Bw/JJ/Hej]
Pena II b« 0 ' (A/JB3/IFb) = alone; only. See Pen§.
tenahi ^b^j f. (-ya;-y§). 1) safety; security;
• •
tranquility, calm, stability, repose (VoA/Bw/Hej):
•Emerika pewiste herema tenahiye ji
Kurdan re wek xwe bihele (VoA) America
must leave tbe safe haven [lit. 'area of security'] for
Kurds as it is *Her gende welaten mezin pute u
bihayeke fer didene w6 devere ji demeke
m§je, bele ta noke ne§iyayne tenahiyeka
berdewam li devere peyda biken (Metin
62[ 1997]:25) Although the major powers have
long given attention and critical importance to that
region, up till now thay have not been able to bring
permanent stability to it; -Civata tenahiyS (VoA)
security council; 2) solitude; loneliness (JB3/IFb).
604
See Peneti. {also: [tanayi] (JJ); <tenahi>
(Hej)) [VoA/Bw/Hej/JB3/IFb/RZ//JJ-Rh] <di§liq;
ewlekari; tena I>
Penbel = lazy. See Pembel.
Penbeli ^<^*2 (K) = laziness. See Pembeli.
♦ ♦
Penbelti ^*^ 3*2 (K) = laziness. See Pembeli.
tenbih jt. (IFb) = instructions; warning; order.
See t’emi.
Penbi ^*2 - instructions; warning; order. See Pemi.
t’enbihi (-a;) (L) = instructions; warning; order.
See t’emi.
t’endhr/tendtir [B] J33 ± 2*2 f. (-a;-e). oven (for
baking bread) : *Jinike Tabu tendur dada
(Dz) The woman got up and lit the oven; -nane
tentire = oven-baked bread, {also: Penur
(A/JB3/IFb-2/GF-2); [tenour ^o’/tendour
(JJ); ctenur _^o/tendur (HH)) (syn: firne [2])
m
< Ar tannur _^o = 'oven'; Heb tanur HIDD
[Dz/K//IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//A/JB3] <fifne; kug’ik II;
tifik>
tene < 2*2 (F) = reproach. See te’n.
Pene *2 adj. 1) alone: -bi tene = alone, by oneself:
• Qiza hakim bi tene ma li mixare (L) The
king's daughter remained alone in the cave; 2) [adv.]
only: «Ewe Pene Usib Kiz dikir (Ba) She only
loved Joseph, {also: Pena II (A-2/JB3/IFb-2); tenya
(IF-2); [tenha] l &2 (JJ); ctene ^/tenha (HH)) Cf.
P tanha 1&2—> T tenha; Sor tenya lp«oVtene £^< 0 * =
’lone, alone’ (tenahi [2]; Peneti; Penhayi)
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/TF//JJ] <Pek>
Peneti ( jZ. 2 o 2 f. ( ;-ye). 1) solitude; 2) loneliness, {also:
tenahi [2] (JB3/IFb); Penhayi (K[s]))
[K/B/TF//JB3/IFb//K(s)] <Pene>
teng \ J 202 adj. narrow; tight: -bena fk-e teng bun
(L) to be sad, upset, distressed: •Bena min teng e
(L) I am sad, upset, distressed [lit. ’My breath is
narrow’], {also: [tenk] Jj 2 (JJ); <teng> (HH))
[Pok. tengh- 1067] ’to pull, stretch': cf. Av Bang- =
’to pull, tighten a bow'; Mid P tang = ’narrow, tight’
(M3); P tang Jjj; Sor teng = ’tight, narrow,
defile, gorge’; Hau teng (M4) (tengasi; tengavi;
tengayi; tengil [Z-l/L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/
OK//HH] <berteng>
teng II J5*j/teng <db [Bw] m.ff.(Bw) (-§/-a; t§ng/ ).
saddle-girth, belly-band, band or strap that encircles
animal's body to fasten pack-saddle on its back:
-teng 1@ helginin (Zeb) to put constraints on s.o.
{also: navteng; tenge (IFb); [tenk] Jjj (JJ); <teng> JlL
1
T
(HH)) { syn: keji; kolan I; navteng; qo§ [1]) Sor tenge
= ’strait, leather girth (saddlery)’; Hau teng m.
(M4) [K/A/B/JJ/GF//IFb//HH/Bw/Zeb] <hesp;
k’urtan; zin>
tengani (GF) = narrowness; trouble. See
♦ ♦
tengavi.
tengasi -o* (K) = narrowness; trouble. See tengavi.
tengav ad/. 1) hard-pressed, desperate, in dire
straits; 2) urgently needing to relieve o.s., badly in
need of going to the bathroom, {also: tengaw (SK);
[tan'ghav] (JJ); <tengav> jElt (HH)) Sor tengaw
jldcu' = worried’ {tengavi; tengawi) [Zx/K/A/IFb/
JJ/GF/OK//HH//SK] <aciz; ase; begav; qehirin>
tengavi 43 f. ( ;-y§). 1) narrowness; 2) straits,
trouble, bad situation, crisis, distress: •Refiqe
dirust ewe ye li xo§i ti tengawiye fefiq
bit, ne li xo§iy6 bi-tine (SK 29:269) A true
companion is one who is a companion in pleasant
times and in difficulty, not just in pleasant times
•Roja go tue keti tengiyeke ... (L) [If]
someday you are in trouble [lit. 'fall into straits')
•VS mehe tu di tengasiye de yi (LC, p. 8)
This month you are in dire straits, {also: tengani
(GF-2); tengasi (K-2/IFb-2/B-2/GF-2/OK-2);
tengawi/tengawi (SK); tengayi (K-2/A/IFb-2/B);
tengi (K-2/A-2/IFb-2/B-2/OK-2); [tenghawi
J&l tenghi JLs] (JJ)) [L//K/lFb/GF/OK//SK//A/B]
•« ••
<teng I; tengav>
tengaw(SK) = desperate. See tengav.
tengawi ^/tengawi (SK) - narrowness;
• ♦ • •
trouble. See tengavi.
tengayi (K/A/IFb/B) = narrowness; trouble. See
tengavi.
tenge a5j«u (IFb) = saddle-girth, bellyband. See teng II.
tengi (jd^u (K/A/IFb/B/JJ/OK) = narrowness; trouble. See
tengavi.
t’enhayi (K[s]) = solitude; loneliness. See t’eneti.
tenik adj. 1) {^k’ur III) shallow; 2) delicate, gentle,
light; fine: *Baki tenik t’e§ie dixe (J) A light
wind drops the spindle, {also: [tenik Jsj (JJ);
<tenik> J(HH)) Mid P tanuk = ’thin, shallow'
(M3); P tonok Jjc = 'sparse, shallow’; Sor tenik
= ’thin, shallow’ (tenikahi; tenikayi; teniki)
[Ad/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/OK//HH]
tenikahi ^Id *3 (IFb) = shallowness. See tenikayi.
tenikayi f. (). shallowness, {also: tenikahi (IFb);
teniki (K-2)} [K/B//IFb] <tenik>
teniki (K) = shallowness. See tenikayi.
teni§t o^^J/teni§t [SK] £■(-a;-§). side, flank.
{also: [tenicht] (JJ); <teni§t> o-Uh (HH))
{syn: ali; hel II; k’elek) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/
JJ/OK//HH/SK]
teni§ta/t’eni§ta [JBl-A] prep, near, beside,
alongside, next to: *Were teni§ta min rune (L)
Come sit beside me *Lawik ani, li teni§ta xwe
dani (L) She brought the child [and] set him down
beside her; -[di] teni§ta yeki de (JB3) beside, next to
s.o. < ezafeh of teni§t [L/K/JB3/IFb/JBl-A]
ten! f. (-ya; ). soot, thick layer of soot [T kurum]:
• *
•Negirvanet me ruyre§in / fuy tenuyne (Bw)
Our hunters are black-faced [=disgraced] / soot-faced.
{also: tani (TF) = teni; tenu (Bw); [teni] (JJ); <teni>
(HH)) {syn: du IV[2]) Za teney f. (Mai); ?<Arc
tenan[a] [XlDDD/tanna KDDfl & Syr tenono Luts =
’smoke’; NENA tin-na/tina/tinana = ’smoke'
(Maclean) [Bw//K/A/IFb/JJ/HH//TF] <du IV; duk’el;
p’el II; reji>
tenu (Bw) = soot. See teni.
t’enur (A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF) = oven. See t’endur.
tenya (IF) = alone; only. See t’ene.
tep [Dh]/tep f. (). epilepsy [Ar sar‘*M^, T sara]:
•Tep a hatiye/girtiye (Dh) He or she had an
epileptic fit. {also: tap (GF-2); <tep> (Hej)) {syn:
edro) < Ar tab'^h = 'natural disposition, temper,
character'?; = Sor fe ^ [Dh//IFb/GF/OK/AA/Hej]
• •
tepelik (IFb) = drum. See t’epliq.
tepeser ja-vaj cO': -tepeser kirin (Aid) to oppress,
suppress, repress, {syn: berteng kirin; pergiqandin)
[VoA/GF/AId]
tepik I [Bw/Zeb/Hk/HH/SK]/tepik
[A/IFb/JJ/GF/OK/Hej/AA] /. (). type of trap for
catching birds (Bw) or mice (SK) consisting of a ditch
or hole: *Pa§i mi§k hate pe§, got ... bo girtin
u ku§tina min kitikan bi xudan diken u
tepikan dikirin (SK 1:7) The the mouse came
forward and said, ... to catch and kill me they keep
cats and buy traps; -tepike li ber fk-t danan
(Zeb) to set or lay a trap, {also: tapik (IFb-2); [tapk]
JLi* (JJ-Rh); <tepik> (HH); <tepik> «&L«u(Hej)} Sor
tepke aSS-ct [Bw/Zeb/Hk/HH/SK//A/IFb/JJ/GF/OK/
Hej/AA] <dav I; site; telhe; xefik>
t’epik II plJm.(B) pressed dung (used as fuel) (K);
dung which has been pressed against a wall or other
solid place to dry (IF): -t’epik 1§ dan (K)/l&xistin
(B) to press dung into ’cakes', {also: [tepik] <JLj (JJ)}
(syn: k’erme; sergin; Pert[ik]) Cf. P tape = ’cow-
605
T
y
dung’ ; Sor tepale = ’cow-dung (made into
cakes and dried for fuel)’ [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <deve
II; qelax; rix; t’ert[ik]; zibil>
tepilk «JLL(GF) = drum. See t’epliq.
t’episandin vt. (-t’episin-). to crush,
crumple, mash, trample, {syn: p’elaxtin; p’epes kirin}
[F/K/B/GF]
tepink cJjlu-o* f (). mine (hidden explosive). ( syn:
leqem [2]} (IFh/OK]
teplik ciiL/C' (IFb) = drum. See t’epliq.
t’epliq f (-a; ). hand drum, small drum: *bi
merziqa ve u tepliqa ve (L) with music and
drums, [also: tepelik (IFb); tepilk (GF); teplik (IFb-2);
<tepelik> (HH)) Cf. Ar tabl & tablah
Sor tepf jj«o* = 'kettle drum' (L/K//IFb/HH//GF] <def;
dehol>
t’eqandin jjjlsaj vt. (-t’eqin-). l) to split, crack (vt.),
cause to split or crack; 2) to fire or shoot (a gun) :
•Devange diteqinin (HM) They shoot off the
pistol; -tifing teqandin (IF) to shoot off a rifle.
[HM/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF] <p’eqin; Feqin>
teqes ^ aSa? (GF) = for sure. See teqez.
teqez j as adv. absolutely, without fail, for sure:
•Teqez eze bem (IF) I’ll certainly come *Teqez
tu jera bibeji (Srk) Be sure to tell him. {also: teqes
(GF-2)) {syn: ’ese; helbet [2]; miqim (F); mitleq (F)}
[Srk/K/IFb/GF/TF/Kmc-6936]
teqil Ji<o:-teqil ledan (Z-2/Elk) to [cause to] move,
pull, yank (at a rope): •Stiya Zin d qerwa§a
bi §erite girt d t’eqil leda (Z-2:89) Lady Zin
and her servants took hold of the rope and pulled
it ®Tu ti§tek§ giredidi d di ni§ke da telqekg
anji teqleke l£didi d ji cih dilivini (Elk)
You tie something up and then suddenly you give
it a yank and make it move. {also: telqe (Elk-2))
[Z-2/Elk]
teqin qsaj f Q. mud; clay: -teqn u fieri (Zx) mud.
{also: <teqn> jAi (HH)) (syn: fieri; qur) [Zx//HH]
<ax>
teqiyan (JB3) - to split, burst; to explode. See
t’eqin.
t’eqin q-J+j vi. (-t’eq-). 1) to split, burst, crack open
(vi.) : # Bor dina xwe dae, Mem§ we ji k’erba
bit’eqe (EP-7) Bor saw that Mem was about to burst
with grief •Neri go qundir teqiqa [?=teqiya],
xortek je derket (L) Suddenly the gourd split
open, [and] a young man came out of it; 2) {syn:
terikin I) to explode; to go off (gun), {also: teqiyan
(JB3); teqiyan (F); [teqiian jLffif/teqin (JJk
<teqan> Jjs (HH)} [L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/))/GF/TF//HH]
<Feqandin>
teqiyan (F) = to split, burst; to explode. See
t’eqin.
teql Jsaj (TF/HH) = weight. See t’eqil .
ter joS adj. 1) (syn: nem; §il I) wet, moist, damp (of
inanimate things, e.g., trees , plants; whereas §il I [qv.]
is wet of living things ) )^hi§k): # Li ba y§n hi§k,
ter ji di§ewitin (IFb) Beside the dry, the wet also
burn [prv.]; -ter d telis (Zeb) soaking wet; 2) (syn:
Faze) fresh; young, new: *Dest§ te ter be (Haz)
greeting said to anyone who does stg. for you, e.g.,
serves you tea [lit. 'May your hand be fresh’] (cf. T
eline saglik, Ar sallim ’idek, P dast-e te dard
nakonad); 3) flexible, pliant, lithe, {also: tar (TF); [ter]
(JJ); <ter> Jd (HH)) [Pok. 3. ter- ... teru-: treu-
1071 ff.] 'to rub, turn, pierce': Skt taruna- = 'young,
tender’; Av tauruna- = young’; Mid P tarr = 'moist,
fresh’ (M3); P tar ji = 'wet, moist, fresh, green'; Sor
ter jdo = 'wet, moist, damp, fresh'; Za tern = 'wet,
fresh' (Mai); Hau tef (M4) [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/SK/
GF/OK//HH//TF]
tera 1 j«o: -tera bdn (Msr/HH/A/GF) to fall, drop (from
on high) ; -tera kirin (Msr/HH) to throw, drop or
knock onto the ground (by accident or on purpose)
{syn: li 'erde dan): *Min fiebek repande, ew
tera kir ’erde (Msr) I slugged him one, and
knocked him to the ground, {also: cterabun Jd
(teradibe) (^j)^L)> & cterakirin jj) Jb (teradike)
(aTj 1. »> (HH)) [Msr/A//HH]
teraki (A) = type of peach. See teraqi.
teral Ji j *j (LM/AD) = lazy. See t’iral.
terali (LM/AD) = laziness. See t’irali.
terane j&s (A/IFb/HH/SK) = joke. See tirane.
teraqi f. (-ya; ). nectarine; type of peach without
fuzz, which grows in the area of Nusaybin. {also:
teraki (A); tereqi (Bw/Kmc-2)) Cf. Syr Ar durraq J
= ’peach’ [A//Bw/Kmc-2] <xox>
t’era§ I Ji)joJ = wood chips, filings, sawdust. See teli§.
t’era§ Il^lj^j/terag jl] j< o* [OK] m.(K/SK?)/f(Bw/OK)
( /-a; /-§). 1) {syn: devi; kem; k’ol III; t’um) bush,
shrub (Bw/OK/SK): *Ne §iv li tera§e ye, ne ga
li garand ye (Zeb) It has nothing to do with me [lit.
'Neither the stick is in the bush, nor is the bull in the
herd']; 2) thicket (K/SK/OK). {< 2 iso;tira§ (Bw)J <Syr
tarasa be/tarlsa b= 'bush, shrub; barren
oak’ [Bw/AA//K/SK/OK]
606
T
t’era§ kirin Jl )jaj (K/A/IFb) = to sharpen; to shave.
See t’era§tin.
t’era§tin vt. (-t’ere§-)- 1 ) to hew, whittle,
sharpen, carve; 2) to shave, {also: t’era§ kirin
(K/A/IFb); [terachin] j (JJ); <tera§tin Jb
(diteri§e) j)> (HH)| Sor ta§in (ta§-) = ’to
cut, shave, work (wood, stone, etc.)’; Hau ta§ay
(ta§-) vt = 'to shave’ (M4) [S&E/TF//HH//JJ//K/
A/IFb] <teli§>
terawil Jj )joj m. (). wild animal, beast: •'Emir kir ku
fiemfi terawilg welate wi berevbin cem wi
(Ba3-1) he ordered all the wild animals in his
kingdom to assemble before him. {also: terewil (K)j
{syn: canewar; dirende; tabe) [Ba3-l/B/IFb//K]
<heywan; rawir>
Feraz = scale. See t’erazi.
terazin qj) j< 0 ‘ f. ( ;-§). slope, hillside (pointing
northward) : -mi§ke terezine (K) fieldmouse.
{also: terezin (Z-828); [terazin] q>j\\ y> (JJ))
[Z-828//K/IFb/B/JJ] cberoj; berwar; hevraz; zinar
[ 2 ]>
t’erazi jcu f. (-ya;-ye). 1 ) {syn: mezin; §ihin) pair of
••
scales (for weighing): »Wext@ digin e sefere ji
rewe digin e-naw besta beran, gawet xo
dimiginin, p§§ pa§ digin, pania pi@ wan
gehe§t e ki§k beri de Inin, bi terazi£ ke§in
(SK 12:117) When they go on a journey they go first
of all to the vale of stones, shut their eyes, go back
and forth and, whichever stone the lieel of their foot
touches, they will bring it and weigh it in a balance
•Tirazi 'eyn e (Bw) The scales are balanced or
equal; 2) equilibrium, balance (K); 3) Libra
(astrology), {also: t’eraz; Perazu (K-2/SK/GF-
2/OK/RZ); Perez! (B); t’erezu (F); tirazi (Bw);
[terazou/tarazu] jj )ys (JJ)) < P terazu y,)y --> T terazi;
Sor terazu jsJIjaJ lK/IFb/GF//])/SK/OK/RZ//B//F//B\v]
<’eyn; Pa II>
Perazu^jljAi- (K/SK/GF/OK/RZ/JJ) = scale. See t’erazi.
terciman qL (IFb) = translator. See t’ercimegi.
t’ercim«e f. ( ;•§). translation; interpretation:
-t’ercime kirin (F/K/B/JJ/SC) to translate {syn:
wergerandin [3]}; to interpret, {also: Percme (B-2/SC);
tercume (SK); [terdjume] (JJ)} < Ar tarjamah
A.O- .y> = 'translation' --> P tarjume - id.--> T
tercume = id.; Cf. Heb tirgem <Qjnfi = 'to translate'
& tirgum main = 'translation', & Arc targum DlJfin
= ‘translation of the Bible‘; E Arm t £ argmanel/W Arm
t c arkmanel p*uipq.J‘iul J tL= 'to translate'. Possibly
ofHittite origin [F/K/B//JJ/SK//SC] <wergerandin [3]>
t’ercimegi m. (). translator; interpreter, {also:
terciman (IFb); Percimedar (B-2); t’ercmegi (B-2);
t’ercmedar (B-2); <terceman> (HH)} {syn:
werger) Cf. Sor tercuman
[F/K/B//SC//IFb//HH] <t’ercime>
Percimedar (B) = translator. See t’ercimegi.
Percme (B/SC) = translation. See Percime.
t’ercmegi (B) = translator. See t’ercimegi.
••
Percmedar (B) = translator. See t’ercimegi.
tercume (SK/JJ) = translation. See t’ercime.
teref/t’eref [K/B] oojaj m . (-e; ). side, direction: -ji
teref£ (SK) by (agent) {syn: ji aliye ... -ve; bi deste
...): *U ji terefe liukomete ji emreki xusosi
bo muhafeza te de dem e tefisil kirin (SK 61:
743) And I will have a special order promulgated by
the government for your protection, {also: [teref] <j
(JJ); <teref> o(HH)) {syn: ali; hel II; rex I) < Ar
taraf = 'side, direction’ [IFb/GF/SK//K/B//JJ/HH]
terembel JJL-ojaj (HYma) = automobile. See trimbel.
tereqi^ojAj (Bw/Kmc-2) = nectarine. See teraqi.
t’eres/teres [JBl-A] jaJ adj. 1) unfaithful, disloyal;
untrustworthy, unreliable, flaky: # Herseta wan
teres8 bir@ min (L) Sorrow over (or, longing for)
those good-for-nothing brothers of mine •[K’eftaT]
fern dike ku §er bi hileyen wi hesiyaye ...
§er bang dike, dibSje: "... Qe§mere teres,
dive ku ez careke din te li hizhra xwe
nebinim” (Wit 2:100, p.13) [The hyena]
understands that the lion has caught onto his ruses ...
The lion shouts "... Worthless bum, I don't want to
see you in my presence ever again!"; 2) [m.]
scoundrel, bastard, son of a bitch (S.O.B.); 3)
cuckold (SK/GF). {also: <ter[e]s> (HH)}
T’eres is a grave insult
[L/K/A/IFb/JBl-A/SK/GF/TF/OK//HH]
terewil J 3 o jaj (K) = beast. See terawil.
terezin (Z-828) = hillside. See terazin.
Perez! (B) = scale. See t’erazi.
t’erezu(F) = scale. See t’erazi.
tergijok (Zeb) = hail[stones]. See teyrok.
terhi ^j (A/IFb) = Kurdish woman’s headdress. See
terfii.
terhi j f. (). type of fine muslin or gauze, which
Kurdish women tie around their heads to make a
headdress, {also: terhi (A/IFb); <terfii> ^y (HH)1
mm
{syn: garik (Haz-valley); lag’ik; meles (Srk); t’emezi)
607
T
<Ar tarhah = ’(embroidered) veil worn by Arab
women as headcloth' [Haz/HH/GF//A/IFb] <k’itan;
k’ofi>
terKil -terKil kirin (Bw) to deport, forcibly
relocate. <Ar tarhll y ='emigration, exodus'
[Bw]
t’eribandin vt. (-t’eribin-). to interrupt (s.o.’s
work); to hinder, prevent; to disturb, break (silence,
sleep, etc.): *Beri gi§ka ew Zelixe ji mal
derdixe, ku ew §ixule wi net’eribine (Ba-1,
#23) First of all he drove Zulaikha out of the house,
lest she hinder his work. <Ar tarraba II <_y = 'to soil
%
or cover with dust, to kick or sprinkle dust on stg.'
[Ba-l/K/B/GF]
terik I (B) = crack; cracked. See terk.
terik II m. (). 1) wet firewood; 2) {syn: g’ug’ik I[3]
(Msr) = baby boy’s; helik [2]; kir; xir I) penis (slang)
(Msr/A/IFb/HH/GF). {also: <tefik> K<r” (HH)) < ter -
’wet’ [Msr/A/IFb/GF/OK/RF//HH] <ezing>
t’erikandin II ^a^I(K/]B 3/IFb/JJ/HH) = to leave,
abandon; to cease. See t’erkandin.
teriki I ^< 0 * aclj. cracked, split, {also: terk (A-2) }
[K/A/(JB3)/TF]
teriki II aclj. huge, vast, enormous: • Hema wi
gaxi me dit gewa gureki teriki, ti§teki
devda nava kevirada g’ivana dide, Kevraz
direve (Ba2:2, p.205) At that very moment we saw
a huge wolf with something in its mouth winding its
way [lit. ’it gives twists’] through the rocks, running
upward *kevire teriki (B) huge rock *Wexta
meriv li wan zinared teriki diniheri, ’eceb
dima (Ba2:l, p.203) When one looked at those huge
crags, one was astounded. [Ba2/K/B/QtrE]
terikin I vi. (-terik-). to split, crack, burst (vi.).
{also: [terekin] (jS (JJ); cterikin ^yiy (diteriki)
Q/>j)> (HH)} {syn: t’eqln) [K/A/JB3/B/HH//JJ]
terikin II (jSjas (Bt/B) = to give birth (of dogs). See
t’eliqin.
teri I f. (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: bog’[ik] ; del II; k’ilk;
••
kuri I (Bw); qemg[ik]) tail of an animal (goat, sheep,
donkey, or horse) : *Teriya hespe wi di bin
giy§ de ma; kSr dad, teriya hespe xwe
jekir (L) His horse’s tail remained [=was caught]
under the mountain; he took a knife to it, and cut off
his horse’s tail; 2) {syn; duv I] fattail. {also: [teri]
(JJ); <teri cS >> (HH)) [L/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH]
<t’erku>
te’ri II (Z-l/B) = dark. See tari.
te’riban (B) = darkness. See tariban.
te’ribar (B) = darkness. See tariban.
teri§ m. (). bandage, long cut piece of muslin,
piece of cloth: *Ji xwe re teri§ ani, li serd xwe
gerand, xwe kir wek heciki (RN 30/7/45) He
took a bandage, wrapped it around his head, and
made himself into a hadj [=Muslim pilgrim], {also:
teli§ II (GF-2); tiro§ (Qzl-2); ti§ II (GF-2)]
[RN/A/IFb/GF/Qzl]
terk I f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: derz; kel§; qeli§tek; ti§ I)
cleft, crack, fissure (in a stone, rock, etc.)', 2) [adj.]
cracked, split, {also: terik I (B); <terk> Jy (HH))
[haz/K/A/IFb/HH//B] <terikin>
t’erk II f. (-a; ). abandonment: -t’erk dan
(K/HH)/~ dayin (B )/~ kirin (K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/RZ)
to leave, abandon, quit: *Ew deqeke t’erka min
nake/nade (B) He won't leave me alone for a
minute *Ew nikare t’erka cixard bike/bide (B)
He can’t quit smoking *Ld hergi eskeren Vi§iye,
terka §ame didan [sic] ti bajar vala dikirin
[sic] (H2 9:31, p.775) But as for the soldiers of
Vichy, they were abandoning Damascus and leaving
the city empty •Madem to ho bo min muxlis
bi, digel min were: ez ji terka te nakem (SK
2:10) Since you have become so devoted to me,
come with me: I won’t leave you either; -t’erka
duniyae dan (K) to depart from this world, die,
expire; -t’erka edet dan (K)/~ kirin (SK) to break
a habit, abandon a custom: •Wextd Nadir §ah
ew fiukme kir, li her cieki ew c adet hate
terk kirin (SK 11:104) When Nadir Shah made this
command, the custom was abandoned everywhere.
{also: [terk kirin] (JJ); cterk kirin qJ' Jly (terkdike
<\TaS> 0 & terkdan iy> (terkdide oJAfy}> (HH)) {syn:
berdan; dev je berdan; higtin; t’erkandin) < Ar Vt-r-k
Jy = ’to abandon, leave’ [H2/K/IFh/B/JJ/HH/SK/RZ]
t’erkandin jAjlT;< 0 ' vt. (-t’erkin-). 1 ) to leave,
abandon: *Min mal d Hale xwe, bav§ xwe
t’erkandye (EP-7) I have left my home and my
folks [lit. 'father']; 2) [syn: dest je k’igandin; dev je
berdan; higtin; ji ... rabun; qeran] to cease, stop, quit:
•Ewi cixare t’erikandiye (B) He quit smoking.
{also: t’erikandin II (K-2/JB3/IFb); [terikandin]
qj ijjtfy (JJ); <terikandin (jAilfy (diterikine) (d-ASyj)>
(HH)) < Ar taraka J ly [EP-7/K//JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH]
<berdan>
t’erki L fj*3 (B/IFb/GF) = rump; rear part of saddle. See
t’erkti.
608
t’erkti f. (-ya;-y6). 1) {syn: qerp’uz [l]; saxiri (Z-
1)} croup, crupper, rump of a quadruped; 2) rear
part of saddle. Cf. T terki = 'croup; back part of
saddle' {also: t’erk! (B/IFb/GF)) [EP-7/K//B/IFb/GF]
<bog’[ik]; ter! I>
term pj«d?/term ^*3 m. (-§; ). dead body, corpse,
cadaver (human or animal): »Ewcar riwi terme
mar! dir§j kir (SK 2:16] Then the fox stretched
out the snake's corpse; -terme adem (GF)/terme
nih& (OK] the Little Bear, Ursa Minor (star
constellation). The Great Bear according to Zeh & M
(KDS-I, J[267 (B), p.164] . {also: [tarm] ^ (JJ-PS);
<term> (HH]) (syn: berat’e [2]; cendek; cinyaz;
kele§ I; le§; meyt’} Sor term p Jt o' = ‘human corpse'
[Wn/K(s]/A/IFb/JJ-PS/GF/TF/OK//HH/SK/Zeb]
ters (F/IFb/JJ/GF/OK)/t’ers (B] = dung. See ter§ I.
ter§ I m. (). cattle or horse dung, {also: ters
(F/IFb/GF/OK]; t’ers (B]; [ters] (JJ)) {syn: k’erme
(Ag); peyin; fix) Sor ters o* = 'dung of horse, mule’
[K/ A/HH//F/IFb/GF/OK//B]
ter§ II (Haz/K/A/GF/HH/OK) = cattle. See t’ari§.
t’ert/tert [B] m. (-e; ). lump of dried manure used
as fuel (A): *Careke pirek t’erte sergin nift
dike (Dz] Once an old woman poured kerosene on a
pressed dung cake »Pire, le pe t’erte sergin
be’r t§ §ewitandin? (Dz] Old woman, but can the
sea be set on fire with a pressed dung cake? {also: tert
(B); tertik (A); <tert> (HH]) [syn: k’erme (K);
sergin; t’epik II) [Dz//B/IFb/HH/GF//A] <deve II; ter§
[ 2 )>
tertik <Jj j*j (A) = dried manure used as fuel. See t’ert.
tertilin qJoj+ 3 vi. (-tertil-). to start, jump with fright;
to waiver, falter, be unsteady: *Dema Xaneye bi
teqina tifing ft viztna berike ra firina serike
qelfina xwe dit, b@ ko bitertile an di xwe bi
derxe, herweki tu ti§t ne bu be, rabu ser
xwe ft gfl serikeke din an! (Rnh 2:17, p.309]
When Khaneh [a woman] saw the bowl of her pipe
fly off with the explosion of a rifle and the buzzing of
a bullet, without faltering or losing composure, as if
nothing had happened, she got up and went to bring
another bowl, {also: [tertilin] yi (JJ)) [Rnh/JJ/GF]
t’esbih = prayer beads. See t’izb!.
t’esbih (K) = prayer beads. See t’izb!.
t’esele aJ •Dengek li min t’esele bu (EP-7) I
heard (or, noticed, perceived) a voice. [EP-7]
t’esel! f. (-ya;-y§). 1) [according to JJ < clq Ar
tasaili ctasa’al VI J$Lj < Vs-’-l jL = 'to ask'] look,
check, control, revision: -t’eseli kirin (B) to
supervise, look in on, check up on; to test: »Here
oda Memo, ko ji bona em t’eseliya biratiya
w! bikin (Z-3) Go to Memo's room, so that we can
test his brotherhood; 2) consolation, comfort, solace.
{also: [teseli] (JJ)) ? < Ar tasaili JLj (tasallin) (J-~j) =
'diversion, entertainment' [EP-7//K/B/IFb/JJ]
t’esir _^<o7te's!r [SK] f. ( ;-£). 1) {syn: bandur;
eger II) influence, effect; -k’etin bin t’esire (K) to
come or fall under s.o.’s influence; -tes!r[§] kirin
(IFb/SK) to influence, have an effect, leave an
impression: »Gava ku min xwend tesireke pir
mezin li min kir (LC, p.5) When I read it, it had
quite an effect on me [or, made quite an impression
on me] »Wexte §exe Bicile ho axiwt te'sir kir
di qelbe §ex MuKemmed Siddiq (SK 50:541)
When the Shaikh of Bijil spoke in this way, it had its
effect on Shaikh Muhammad Siddiq; 2] impression.
< Ar ta'tir = 'influence' [LC/K/IFb//SK]
t’eslim p^Laj m. (-§; ). handing over, delivering,
entrusting, committing; surrender, submission: -
t’eslim bhn (B) to surrender {syn: hatin rae): *Ew
t’eslim! du§min nebti (B) He did not surrender to
the enemy; -t’eslim kirin (B) to hand over, deliver,
entrust | syn: spartin): »Ez§ ve qesre ft male tede
timam teslime te bikim (L) I will completely
hand over to you this palace and the property in it.
{also: [teslim/teslim] p_J-~j (JJ); <teslim> p*Lj (HH))
< Ar taslim [L/K/B/IFb/JJ/HH/SK]
te§e f.(Ber)/m. (). shape, form, {syn: §ikil [1]; teva
I) [(neol)Ber/IFb/TF/RF]
te§ene f. (). 1) infection; contagion, spreading (of
a disease) (IFb/OK); inflammation (K): -te§ene kirin
(OK) to spread (of a disease); 2) [adj.] sore, inflamed,
irritated (lit. & fig.), {also: t’e§enek (K); [techenek]
(JJ) = inflammation, gangrene) according to JJ
<P tes < ates = 'fire' [Zeb/Bar/IFb/OK//K/JJ] <kul I>
t’e§enek (K/JJ) = infection; inflamed. See te§ene.
t’e§! f.hn.(OK) (-ya/;-ye/). spindle, distaff: *Ewa
te ktiz dibe, t’e§!§ hiltine (J) She comes [and]
stoops over, [and] picks up the distaff •Keg’ik
radibe ser ziner, te§iya xwe direse (J) The girl
climbs up on the cliff, [and] spins [wool with] her
distaff »Keg’ik t’e§!y§ ft hr!§ hildide (J) The girl
picks up the spindle and wool # N!ka te§!ya min
derket (AB) The point [or hook] of my distaff
came out. {also: te§u (OK-2); te§i[k’] (JBl-A); [techd]
(JJ); <te§!> (JX (HH)) -> T te§i (Erzurum); Sor te§!
609
T
[J/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK//JBl-A] chiri;
liva; festin>
te§irok f (). dragonfly. [Msr]
t 5 e§k Jbdj f. ( ;-e). shin (K/B); part of the foot between
the heel and the hip (HH). {also: [tech(i)k] JUj (JJ);
<te§k> (HH)} {syn: gip}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/J}/HH/GF/0K] <het; ran>
t’e§kele aJ aSjjaj (B) = cheating; problem. See t’e§qele.
t’e§qel*e aJ f ( ;•£). cheating, fraud; problem,
obstacle, misfortune: •Muroek hebu ji ’e§ireta
Sdrgian ... nawd wi 'Eli bd. Gelek
dewletmend bd ... her ti§t hebd, emma
daimi tund u tebi’et-nexo§ bd. Eger fiisab
digel keseki heba dikir e te§qele, §er d
'edawet dikir. Nawe wi me§hur bo, digotin
§ 'Eli Te§qelan (SK 14:135) There was once a
man of the Surchi tribe... whose name was Ali. He
was very rich, ...having everything, but be was
always fierce and bad-tempered. If ever he had an
account to settle with anyone he would cheat and
cause quarrelling and enmity. His name became
notorious—they called him Ali ’Cheat', [also: t’e§kele
(B); te§xele (GF-2); [techqale/teskala (GF)] aJUuj (JJ);
<te§qele> aLlss (HH)} Sor te§qele aJa^a; = ’false
claim’ [K/A/IFb/HH/SK/GF//JJ//B]
te’§te a; (B) = breakfast; mid-morning coffee break.
#«
See ta§te.
te§u^A3- (OK) = spindle. See t’e§i.
te§xele aJ Aj (GF) = cheating; problem. See t’e§qele.
tet I oaj (IFb) = hand of a child. See t’etik.
tet II oaJ (B) = stone slab. See tat I[2].
t’etik «jb*Aji m. Q. 1) {syn: pepik} little hand (K/B);
child's hand (IFb); 2) {syn: lepik) [f. ( ;-e).] glove
(A/B/HH). {also: tet I (IFb-2); <tetik> Jsj (HH)}
[K/A/IFb/B/HH] <dest>
t 5 ev I o aY adv. 1) together (with): •T’ev hevala gd
gef§ (B) He went for a walk with bis friends; -tevde
(A/JB3) do. {syn: bihevra; pekve); 2) all, everyone;
everything; «Berx hatin nava pez, dile tevan
dibiji §ir, pir dibiji (AB) The lambs came in
among the sheep, the hearts of all yearn for milk,
very much yearn for it •Cinare me teva e mi
§erjekiriye (J) Our neighbors all slaughtered a
sheep; 3) [prep.] with, together with; -tev bi = do.
[also: t’ek; [3] tevi I; [tew] (JJ) = ’ingerance,
melange'; <tev dfr/tevda b Js> (HH)} < di + hev
[BX/K/(A)/(JB3)/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
te’v II *Jpaj (B) = sun; sunbeam; sunlight. See tav I.
teva I U'a3‘ m. Q. shape, form: •... Ev gitevaye? (J/K)
What is this thing? What in the world is this? (syn:
§ikil[l]; te§e} [K/A/JB3/lFb]
teva II U'aj (F/K) = wild animal, beast. See tabe.
t’evahi f (-ya; ). entirety, totality; the whole,
the entire; sum total: »Ji 165 ndn§ran, ku
tevahiya nuneran di meclis§ de ne, 60-70
bi destnivisen (imzey§n) xwe aligiriya me
dikin (Wit 1:37, p.16) Out of 165 representatives,
which is the total number of representatives in the
assembly, 60-70 support us with their signatures
•tevahiya ve ferhengS (IFb) this entire
dictionary; the whole of this dictionary; this
dictionary in its entirety, {also: t’evayi (K/IFb-2)}
{syn: t’omeri} [Wlt/IFb//K]
t’evax ^Uaj (Ba3-1) = sheet (of paper) ; layer. See t’ebax
II.
t’evayi ^ Ua (K/IFb) = entirety. See t’evahi.
• •
t’evdan jlji'Aj f (-a; ). l) confusion, disorder, disarray
(K); 2) ado, ruckus, commotion, rumpus (K); 3)
movement (JB3): •Duhi tevdana kewte d
sedmeran dom kiriye (RN) Yesterday the
movements [or: confusion?] of troops and companies
continued. [RN/K/JB3/IFb/GF]
tevder (IFb) = plan, plot. See t’evdir.
t’evdir ^jj'Ai 1 f. (-a;«£). l) plan, plot, scheme: •MemS
wa bi t’ivdira xwe rdwitiya xwe bd (Z-l) This
is how Mem's trip should be according to his plan
• Rasti, ewe tedbireki gak e. Hindi mulaheze
dikem ji w6 gdtir nahdte xiyala min
(SK33:294) Truly this is a good idea. However much
I consider it I can think of nothing better; 2) {syn;
t’ivdarek) preparations (B). {also: tedbir (SK/IFb/OK);
tevder (IFb-2); t’ivdir (Z-l); [tedbir _^ojj/tebdir^ t jj‘
(G)] (JJ); <tedbir>^oAj (HH)} < Ar tadblr^oAj (Vd-b-
r II) = 'planning, organization, management'
[Z-l//K/B/GF/TF//IFb/JJ/HH/SK/OK]
t’evger jaZjoj f. (-a;-e). movement (pol.) : *Ew di w§
baweriye de bdn ku tevgera kurdi pargekiri
ye (AW 1:36, p.8) They believed that the Kurdish
movement was divided [(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
tevin qsoJ (OK/IFb) = loom; web. See t’evn.
tevinpirk (OK) = spider. See t’evnpirk[l].
tevir m.(K/OK)/f.(B) (-§/ ; /-§). 1) (syn: balt’e;
bivir) hatchet, axe (K/JJ); 2) {syn: k’uling} pick,
pickaxe (K/B/A/IFb/JJ); 3) {syn: mer II; metirke [2]}
spade (K/JJ); 4) hoe (K/B/A/JJ). [also: tevr (IFb-2/GF-
2); [tewir J&I tefer >tt]] (JJ); <tevr ^iWtever ^>
610
T
(HH)) Cf. P tabar^j; Sor tewr ~ 'axe 1 ; Han tewer
[Z-2/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF/OK//HH] <ber; k’uling; mer II;
metirke; tevirzin; tev§o>
tevirzin m. (-6; ). doubled-headed hatchet or
axe. ( also: tevirzir (K)) Cf. P tabar Sor tewrzin
= ’ battle-axe 1 [BX/lFb/OK//K] <bivir; tevir>
tevirzir (K) = doubled-headed hatchet. See
tevirzin.
teviz f. ( ;-e). 1) chill, shudder, tremor,
trembling: *Tevz can§ minra gti. (K) A shudder
went through me •AqU ku denge tJsib dibihe
teviz bedena wifa digin (Ba3) When Jacob hears
Joseph's voice, shudders run through his body; 2)
spasm; 3) stretching: -teviz dayin xwe (B) to
stretch'o.s. [also: tevz (K)) [Ba3/B//K] <firk I;
girizok>
tevizin ^j^/tevizin [Haz/HH] vi. (-teviz-/
-teviz- [Haz]). 1) to be or go numb, prickle, tingle,
“go to sleep” (of hand or foot) : •DestSn min
tevizin (IFb) My hands have gone to sleep;
-tevizina zivistane (IFb) hibernation: *Hinek
heywan zivistan§ ditevizin (IFb) Some animals
hibernate in winter; 2) to freeze up, become stiff,
stiffen, [also: tazin (-taz-) (JBl-A); tevzm (GF); tezin
(OK); tezin (M-Am & Zx); [tewzin ^yiVtezin
(JJ); <tevizin (ditevizi) ( c9 >alo)/tezin
(ditezi) ( c9 >j)> (HH)) [Haz/HH//F/K/IFb/B//GF/JJ//
OK//M-Am&Zx//JBl-A] <cemidin; qefilin [l]>
tevi I J>o3 = together with. See t’ev I[3].
te’vi II (B) = cloudburst. See tavi.
t’evlihev all mixed up, confused: -t’evlihev
kirin (IFb) to mix up, confuse, [also: tevluhev (TF)j
[IFb/GF//TF]
tevluhev (TF) = confused. See t’evlihev.
t’evn qS* m.(B w/SK/OK)/f.(K/B) (-e/ ; /-e).
1) loom, carpet loom; 2) tissue, fabric (SK/GF);
3) j also: t’evnik (A/IFb/TF)) { syn: t’evnpirk [2])
cobweb, spider’s web: -tevne pirke (Bw)/tevnka
pire (A)/tevnepirk (GF)/tewne dapiro§ke (SK)
do. [also: tevin (OK/IFb-2); tewn (SK); <tevn> qJz
(HH)) Sor tewn ^< 0 * = loom'
[Bw/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//OK//SK] <bef§; dezgeh;
hepik; pijik I; ragandin; xanut>
tevnepir (IFb) = spider. See t’evnpirk[l].
tevne pire (GF) = spider. See t’evnpirk[l].
tevnepirk (GF) = cobweb. See t’evnpirk[2].
t’evnik JLSdj (A/IFb/TF) = cobweb. See t’evn[3].
t’evnpirk f. (-a; ). 1) {also: tevinpirk (OK);
tevnepir (IFb); tevne pire (GF)) {syn: dapiro§k;
pertevink; p’indepir; pir [4]; pirhevok; pirik [4])
spider; 2) [also: pertevink; tevnepirk (GF); tevne
pirke (Bw); tevnka pire (A)) {syn: t’evn[ik] [3])
spider’s web, cobweb. [Bw//OK//IFb//GF//A]
tevr (IFb/GF) = hatchet; pickaxe. See tevir.
tevri f. (-ya;-y£). type of tree: l) short tree found
in summer pastures (Bw); 2) tree similar to morello,
small bitter cherry [morello = Sor belalok] (Hej); 3)
Daphne acuminata. [Bw/Hej/Elk]
tev§i (K/Kmc-13) = adze. See tev§o.
■ «
tev§o^'^ m. ( ; tev§o, vi tev§oyi). adze: •Mam
Tal bi keyfxo§i tew§i ina, sindoq §kand (Sk
28:257) Mam Tal, very pleased, brought an adze and
broke open the chest, [also: tef§i (OK); tev§i (K-
2/Kmc-13-2); tev§u (Kmc-13-2); tew§i (SK); [tewchou
3 ^- /tevchi (JJ); <tef$u> (HH)) Cf. P tas
jij/tlse = 'adze'; Sor te§we Hau
tire§te/tere§te (M4) [SK/JJ//K/A/IFb/B/Kmc-13//
HH//OK] <bivir; tevir>
tev§u^j'^’ (Kmc-13) = adze. See tev§o.
tevzyi'aj (K) = shudder, tremor; spasm. See teviz I.
tevzin qjJsaj (GF) = to go numb. See tevizin.
tew^ f. (-a; ). fold, pleat (in a garment) : -tew girtin
(Msr) to fall into place, be appropriate or suitable:
•Tewa xwe girt (Msr) It fell into place, it was
fitting or appropriate, it fit or matched perfectly.
[also: <tew>^h (HH)) < Ar tawa = 'to fold’
[Msr/GF//HH]
t’ewakel (B) = reckless; frivolous. See t’ewekel.
tewandin vt. (-tewin-). 1) to bend (vt.), incline,
bow (vt.): *Em sere xwe natewinin (Wit 2:66,
p.2) We won’t bow our head[s] (as sign of
submission); -xwe tewandin = to bow down (vi.):
•Min xwe ji qrel re tewand (K-ga) I bowed
down before the king; 2) to decline (nouns in
grammar), [also: <tewandin (ditewine)
(<uj*1>j)> (HH)) < Ar tawa = 'to fold'
[Wlt/F/K/IFb/B/GF/OK//HH] <tewin>
t’ewaqet o^'b^u ( ;-e) (B/F) = request. See t’eweqe.
t’ewaqeti (B) = request. See t’eweqe.
tewa§ m. (). oil products used in cooking:
cooking oil, olive oil, shortening, grease, fat, butter,
margarine, tallow, [also: tawa§ (Haz); <tewa§> ^b^ 5
(HH)) [K(s)/A/IFb/GF//HH//Haz] <azuxe [2]; bez I;
givir; run>
tewbe (SK) = repentance. See t’obe.
611
T
tewbeker (SK) = penitent. See t’obekar.
tewe (IFb) = frying pan. See t’awe.
teweg (IFb) = hoof and mouth disease. See tebeq
I.
t’ewekel/t’ewek’el [EH] J dSo 3 dj adj. all-purpose
negative adjective : reckless, loose, wild, dissolute,
debauched; disorganized, disorderly; careless,
unconcerned, carefree; frivolous, light-witted; risky,
dangerous; useless: *lskender lao, tu t’eze buyi
p’ad§a, ser t’exte min runi§tiy, gerek glie
aqil biki, ne ku t’ewek’elbi (EH) Iskender my
boy, you have recently become king and sat on my
throne, you must make wise pronouncements, [and]
not be frivolous *Mevane Gulp’eriye mevaneki
usa t’ewekeli nine weki bide pey xulameki
u be mala wan (FK-eb-2) Gulperi's guest is not so
frivolous as to follow a servant boy to their bouse.
[also: t’ewakel (B)) [FK-2/EFI/K//B]
t’eweq*e dS^dj f (*a; ). request, prayer: -je
t’ewaqeft] kirin (Ba)/t’ewaqa fk-e kirin (Z-l/
GF)/t’eweqe kirin (K) to beg, entreat s.o.; to
request, ask for: *Evana digine cem bave,
t’ewaqet je dikin (Ba) They go to their father,
[and] entreat him *Ew ji ji have t’ewaqet dike
(Ba) he also begs his father *Herd xu§ke guk
t’eweqa xfi§ka mezin kirin, go ... (Z-l) Both
younger sisters asked their older sister to ... [also:
tewaqe (GF); t’ewaqet ( ;-e) (B/F); t’ewaqeti (B-2);
t’eweqeti; [tika] ISj (JJ)) [syn: hevi [3]; lavahi; limej)
Ml
<Ar tawaqqu* = 'expectation’-->P tavaqqo’ =
'expectation; request, wish'; Az T tavagga etmak = 'to
request’; Sor tika l5S = ’request' [Ba/K//F/B]
t’eweqeti = request. See t’eweqe.
tewik J 3 co(AD) = frying pan. See t’awe.
tewiz (GF) = joke. See tewz.
tewi (BK) = very much; most. See t’ewri.
tewin ^ 3 dj vi. (-tew-), to bend (vi.), bow down, stoop:
•Di sala 1988’an de ez disa hatim girtin u
min gelek ledan ti. i§kenceyen dijmin ditin
u ez gar meh li Girtigeha Batmane mam ...
1§ ez netewiyam (Wit 2:66, p.2) I 11 1988 I was
arrested again, and I was beaten and tortured a great
deal by the enemy, and I spent four months in
Batman prison ... but I did not bow down [=give in].
[also: tewiyan (F); ctewan (ditewe) (o 5 ij)> (HH))
< Ar tawa (S ^ = 'to fold’ [Wlt/K/A/lFb/B/OK//F//HH]
<tewandin>
tewiyan (F) = to bow down. See tewin.
tewl ^< 0 ' (GF) = horse stable. See t’ewle.
t’ewhe f. ( ;•§). horse stable: *Wana miri§k
birin, yeki li tewle §erj§ kir, yeki li gom§
§erje kir (Ba3-1) They took the chickens, one
slaughtered [his] in the stable, one slaughtered [his] in
the sheepfold, {also: tewl (GF-2); t’ewlexane; [taoule]
(JJ)) [syn: borxane; pange [1]; stewl) Sor tewile
[JR//Wn /K/IFb/JJ/GF] <extexane; naxir>
t’ewlexane = horse or cow stable. See t’ewle.
tewn 03 ^ 0 ' (SK) = loom; web. See t’evn.
t’ewri adv. very, very much (K); most, -est, used
in forming superlative adjectives (K/BK): «gunde
t’ewri dur (B) the furthest/farthest village •hevale
t’ewri ba§ (B) the best friend *t’ewri mezin (K)
the biggest *ye tew[r]i biguk (BK) the smallest
one. {also: tewi (BK-2)) [BK/K/JB3/B] <here I; ji
hemu -tir; -tirin>
tew§ adj. worthless, good for nothing, useless:
unprofitable; in vain: *Le gubun ku? Ji xwede
pe ve kesi ne dizani. Me dest pe kir em li
gunden hawirdor geriyan. Gund bi gund
me pirsi. Le tew§bu. Me tu salox ji wan
negirtin (MB-Zava ye dehsali) But where had they
gone? Only God knew for sure. We began to look in
the surrounding villages. We asked in every last
village. But it was no use. We could find no trace of
them anywhere. [MB/K/GF/TF/OK] cbadihewa;
beker; t’ewt’ewe>
tew§i (SK) = adze. See tev§o.
• •
t’ewt’ewe o 3 a5 3 a 5 adj . good for nothing, worthless (HR-
1); busybody, nosy, gossip (IFb): *Dih ji vi wexti
dido weke te hatin, go: ’eqle mi ji wa her
duwa negirt. Ne ti earner bun, t’ewt’ewe
bun (HR-I, 3:31) Yesterday at about this time two
[fellows] like you came, but I didn’t like them. They
were not well-mannered <camer>, they were good-
for-nothings. [syn: emekKeram; qe§mer)
[HR-I/A/IFb/GF/RF] e’ewan; qumsi; sakol; tew§>
tewz ^dj f. (). joke; derision, scorn, mockery, {also:
tewiz (GF); <tevz> (HH)) (syn: henek; qerf; tinaz;
tirane; yari II] Cf. P tanz = ridicule’; Sor tewze
= 'mockery' [Ad/JB3/IFb/TF/0K//GF//HH]
<pek’enok>
texe f (). l) (orderly) stack (e.g., of grape leaves
neatly piled one on top of the next; cf. kom = pile,
heap-haphazard , no particular order); 2) small
bundle, as of tobacco leaves (HH). {also: taxe II, m.
(IFb/GF-2/OK); <taxe> (HH)) [Bw/GF//lFb/HH/OK]
612
t’exmin £ (-a;-d). 1 ) supposition, guess,
assumption; -bi t’exmina min (B) in my opinion;
-t’exmin kirin = a) to suppose, guess, presume,
assume: •M. fl Z.va t’exmin kirin [sic], weki
siyar idi ji §eher dflr k’etine (Z-l) M. and Z.
supposed that the horsemen were by now far away
from the city »Mir got, "Her kesd mizginiya
teyri bo min binit ez dd xelateki bi keyfa
wi dem e." Xelki ji weto texmin kirin [sic]
mir befisd mizginiya teyrd bihare ye (SK
29:261) The Mir said. "Whoever brings me the good
news of the bird I shall give him a present which will
please him." People imagined that the Mir was
talking of the good news of the coming of the bird of
spring; b) to think; c) to estimate; 2) estimate, [also:
[takhmin] (JJ); <texmin> (HH)] < Ar
taxmln --> T tahmin [Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK|
t’exsir^^^ £ (). negligence, being remiss: -t’exsir
kirin (B/Z-l) to be negligent or remiss: •Zine ca-
hil bti, usa ji Memd, evini usa ew biribfin,
weki giliye Bek’oye qomsi t’exsir nekirin
(Z-l) Zin was naive, so was Mem; love hrought them
to the point where ?they didn't neglect the words of
troublemaker the Beko. [also: texstir (B-2); [taksir]
(JJ) = management) < Ar taqsir ~> P
taqsir -> T taksir [Z-l/IFb/B/TF/OK//JJ]
texstir (B) = negligence. See t’exsir.
text/t 5 ext [B] co.^' 111 . (-e; ). 1) [svn: ci [2]; nivin) bed
(outside on the roof, in summer: c£ ct. indoor bed):
2 ) throne: -text u t’ac/text-t’ac, m. = throne and
crown (=sovereign power): # [A childless king
complains as follows] Gelo xwede, weki ez
bimirim, t'ext u Face mine bexayi bimine
(Z-921) Oh God, when I die, my throne and crown
will have no owner; -t’exte p’ad§§ (B) the royal
throne, [also: [tekht] (JJ); <text> (HH)]
< Ar/P taxt [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF]
t’exte m. Q. board, plank, [also: [takhta/tekhte]
(JJ); <texte> (HH)) [svn: dep) Cf. P taxte
-> T tahta [EP-7/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
teyami§ (K/B) = firm, steady. See tami§.
teyar»e O ijL /. ( ; # e). airplane. ( syn: balafir; firoke)
< Ar tayyarah = 'airplane' [EP-7/K/IFb/B]
teyax adj. strong, firm, solid, stable, steady, hardy:
-teyax da[yi]n/kirin (B) to bear (a burden): to
endure, stand, withstand, bear: *Hineka ji wana
nikarbti bar qeweta avd teyax bida, avd ew
berjdr dibirin (Ba2-3, p.216) Some of them could
613
not withstand the force of the water, the water pulled
them under *T’alana, diziyd, Tu§eta, girtine,
merku§tine, bezakoniye gundiyed belengaz
gihiyandibtine xezebe, wana ida nikaribfi
teyax bida (Ba2-3, p.214) Depredations, stealing,
brivery, arrests, murder, lawlessness had made the
miserable villagers [so] angry that they could no
longer endure it # Vira me ida teyax neda, dest
pe kir hevra kire qirin u gazi (Ba2-4, p.222)
We could no longer hold it in, [and] all together
began to scream and yell. <T dayak & Az T dayag =
'prop, support' [Ba2/K/B/GF] cmefikem; zexm>
teybeti ^<^*3 (A) = specific characteristic. See t’aybeti.
Fevfe (B/Ba2) = tribe. See t’ayfe.
teyfik /. ( ;-§). dish, plate, [syn: dewri; firaq)
[Frq/Kmc-7004/IFb] <aman>
teyisandin vt. (-teyisin-). to shine (vt.),
polish, cause to shine or glisten, [syn: biriqandin;
g’irusandin) [Dh/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <teyisin>
teyisin vi. (-teyis-). to shine (vi.), glisten,
glimmer, gleam, glitter, sparkle, [also: teysin (K/GF);
teysin (M-Zx); [teisin] q (JJ)] {syn: biriqin;
birus[k]in; g’irusin; teys dan) [K/GF/JJ//M-Zx//IFb/
TF/OK] <teyisandin>
teyirin vi. (-teyir-). to fly: *RuK Id teyirin
(Z-l) Their hearts sunk [lit. 'Souls flew from it'], {syn:
firm] < Ar tara jlh (yatlru) [Z-l]
teyk JjyJ (). low-quality raisins that have fallen onto
the ground from the vine, [syn: bistaq (Msr/HH))
[Klk] <mewij>
teyr m,(-e;-i). 1) bird; large bird (B): *Wana
teyrek ku§t (Ba) They killed a bird *Tud wi
teyri bibi ji hakim re (L) You will take that bird
to the prince *Teyrd te ftlo na be! (L) Your bird
can't stay that way •Xhna teyr (Ba) The bird's
blood; -tav u teyr (EP-7) beast and birds, wildlife,
fauna, 'the birds and the bees'; -teyre bazi (K)
eagle; -teyre et’mege (B) falcon; -teyrd simir (B)
simurgh; -teyr u tu/teyrtu (K) = birds, fowl,
winged creatures: *Ne teyre, ne tiye, ne cote,
ne cotk’ari (Z-l) It is neither bird, nor fowl, nor
plow, nor farmer; 2) {syn: elih) eagle (J). [also: teir
(F/J); ter II (IF-2); [teir] ^ (JJ); <teyr> (HH)) [syn:
g’uk I; teyare [2]) < Ar ta’ir = ’bird'; Sor teyr
[Ba/L/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/HH//J]
teyred*e pi. ( ;• a). birds, particularly large,
wild birds, [syn: teyr u tu) [Z-828/K/B]
teyrik ^*3 (GF) = hail [stones]. See teyrok.
T
teyrok f ( 1) ( syn : gijlok; zipik 1}
hail [stones] (precipitation) : *Hetani evare wana
ber tav£, sure ft sermS, bin baranS ft
teyroke, carna t’i ft birgi pez dig’erand
(Ba2:l, p.204) They would graze the sheep until
evening in sunlight and cold, under rain and hail,
sometimes [even] hungry and thirsty • Teyrok
t§/dibare = It’s hailing; 2) {syn: girmin)
thunder(storm). {also: teirok (F); tergijok (Zeb); teyrik
(GF-2); tiri (IFb-2); [teirik J^j/teirouk (JJ);
<teyrok> (HH)} Cf. Southern Tati dialects (all
f. ): Chali & Sagz-abadi tiarsa; Takestani terezga;
Eshtehardi tiarga (Yar-shater); P tegarg £'j£\ Sor
terze Za torg f. (Todd). Note the form
tergijok (Zeb) [cf. gijlok = teyrok]
[K/A/IFb/B/GF/RZ//JJ//HH//Zeb] cbaran; berf;
§ili; types of hail: savarok & xilolik [1] = ’tiny
hailstones’>
teyrtu ^ (K) = birds. See under teyr.
teys -teys dan (EP-7) to sparkle, twinkle, glitter,
shine {syn: teyisin}: *Kur mina §emalek6 teys
da (EP-7) The boy sparkled like a light. [EP-7]
teysin (K/GF/JJ)/teysin (M-Zx) = to
sparkle. See teyisin.
tezbeh (OK) = prayer beads. See t’izbi.
t’eze oj*u' (Dz/K/B/A/IFb) = fresh; new. See t’aze.
tezi I ^jcu/te’zi (B) = naked. See tazi I.
«•
tezi II ^j^Wtezi y,oj [GF/RZ] adj. cold (of water): -ava
tezi (Bw) cold water, {syn: sar) [Bw//GF/RZ]
ccemidin; qefilin [1]>
tezin yj<£ (OK)/tezin yj£^ (M-Am & Zx/HH) = to go
numb. See tevizin.
te’ziti (B) = nudity. See taziti.
t’ezFyi ( yu (K) = condolence. See taziye.
teztezink f. ( ;-§). numbness, "falling
asleep" of hand or foot: -teztezink girtin (Bw) to
be numb, go to sleep of hand or foot {syn: tevizin):
•Dest£ min teztezink£ girt (Bw) My hand has
fallen asleep, cf. tezin (M-Am & Zx) = to go numb.
[Bw] <tevizin>
tSbini f. (). 1) comment, remark; 2) note,
footnote (IFb/TF). Sor tebini = ’careful
consideration, deliberation, caution’
[(neol)voA/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
t§da 1j2j adv. in it, therein, there; inside: -teda hatin
(BK) to be stricken suddenly with a fatal disease; to
suffer a stroke; to have a heart attack: «teda hato
(BK) said to a person you wish would be stricken
suddenly with a fatal disease or would suffer a stroke
[curse]; -t@ de man (IFb) to be stuck, not to know
what to do; to fail: •Mamosta ji min pirsi, ez
tede mam (IF)b The professor asked me, [and] I was
stuck, {also: tede/te de (IFb); [tida] (JJ)) < di +
wi/we + da = ’in it’ [BK//IF//JJ]
te*dan jljJo vt. (te-d-/-de- [Bw]). to spread (e.g .,
butter on bread), smear: *Min div§t hinde(k)
teKine di nane xo bidem (Bw) I want to spread
some tahina [=sesame sauce] on my bread »Min
keri nan hilda rftn teda ft xwar (B) I took a
piece of bread, spread butter [on it] and ate [it]
•Qesir p’aqij kirin u hinik Keri t§dan, dutin
... (JBl-S, #197) They tidied up the castle and spread
some mud and coated [the floor with it], {also: [ti-dan
^t^/ti-dain ^Ij^j] (JJ)) [Bw/K/B/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/
OK//JJ] <dutin; seyandin>
tede ojJo/te de oj y (IFb) = in it; inside. See t§da.
tederxistinok f. (). riddle, {syn: apik;
mamik; ti§tanok (Z); ti§tik) [IFb] <xagerez>
tegehandin (SK) = to clarify. See tSgihandin.
tegehe§tin yJ:Ajb£zj (Bw) = to comprehend. See
tegihan.
tegehi§tin yj^££ = to comprehend. See tegihan.
tegeyan (A) = to comprehend. See tegihan.
tegeyi§tin yJu^j££ (A) = to comprehend. See tegihan.
te»gihan vi. (t£-gih&-). 1) to realize,
comprehend: *Ez tegiham ku ez kurdeki
asimilekiri me (Ber) I realized that I was an
assimilated Kurd; 2) {syn: fehm kirin) to understand
(Bw): »Di ek ft dft digihen (Bw) They understand
each other *Eger xelet ez t§ negehe§tim (Bw) If
I understood correctly »Mir got, "Her kes@
mizginiya teyri bo min binit ez de xelateki
bi keyfa wi dem Xelki ji weto texmin
kirin [sic] mir beKse mizginiya teyrS bihare
ye. Meqseda mir te-nege§tin gi ye (SK 29:261)
The Mir said, "Whoever brings me the good news of
the bird I shall give him a present which will please
him.” People imagined that the Mir was talking of the
good news of the coming of the bird of spring. They
did not understand the Mir’s meaning, {also:
tegehe§tin (Bw); tegehi§tin; tegeyan (A); tegeyi§tin
(A); tegiha§tin (IFb-2); tegihin (IFb-2); tegihi§tin (te-
gihij-J (K/IFb)} Cf. Sor tegey§tin yj^o^j = ’to
understand' [Ber//K/IFb//A//Bw]
t§gihandin vt. (t§-gihin-). to clarify, explain,
give to understand: neferat§t qu§oni ket-ket
614
T
t§-bigehinin ko ser-bi-xo Te'iyetS 'aciz
neken we millet! dil-xo§ biken (SK 56:658)
And they should give the personnel of the army to
understand, one by one, that they should not
independently annoy the populace, and they should
placate the people *Wexte ko §ex ew xebere
digot xulaman dizani gi ye dibejit, gonko
di p6§da t§-gehandibdn (SK 50:529) When the
Shaikh said this the henchmen knew what he was
implying because he had previously given them to
understand [=had explained it to them], \also:
tegehandin (SK)) Sor tegeyandin jjjL
[Bw/IFb/GF/OK//SK] <§iro vekirin; tegihan>
tegiha§tin (IFb) = to comprehend. See tegihan.
tegihin (IFb) = to comprehend. See tegihan.
tegihi§tin (te-gihij-) (K/IFb) = to comprehend.
See t§gihan.
tehelandin (te-helin-) (OK) = to dip (bread into
food). See t§hilandin.
t§*hilandin vt. (te-hilin-). to dip one's
folded piece of bread into food, using the bread in
place of a fork or spoon. { also: tehelandin (te-helin-)
(OK)) [Bw/GF//OK]
tehn (Zeb) = energy, power. See ten.
tehni (Bw/JBl-A) = thirsty. See t’i III.
teje oj£j, m. (K) = young of animal, cub. See tejik.
tej»ik f. (*ka;*ike). cub, whelp, young of
animal: *Tejike mara ji mara p’istirin (Dz
#1493) The snakes’ young are worse [lit. ’dirtier’]
than the snakes; -tejka [te§ka] bizne (Bw) kid;
-tejka kitke (Bw) kitten; -tejka miri§k§ (Bw)
chick ( syn: *gigelok); -tejka §er! (Bw) lion cub:
•Tejka §eri her §er e (Bw) A lion cub is still a
lion [prv.]. {also: g’ejik; tejik II (Dz); teje, m. (K);
<tejik> (HH); <tejik> -JjCo (Hej))
[Dz//IFb/B/HH/Hej/Bw//K] <g’elik>
t’§k JlJ adv. together, {also: t’ev I; [tikda] IaSj’ (JJ)) < di +
ek [BX/K (s)/IFb//JJ)
t 3 ek«gun vi. (t’ek-g-). 1) to be spoiled, ruined;
2) to shrink (of clothes) (Dh); 3) [/. ()•] failure, foiled
attempt; argument, quarrel: *Dewleta tirk, tevi
hemu tekgunen politikayen xwe yen
pi§aftin§ (asimilasyon§) dev ji van kirinen
xwe bernade (Wit 1:35, p.5) The Turkish state, in
spite of all its political failures at assimilation, will
not give up those activities. [K(s)/(A)/(JB3)/IFb/Dh]
t 5 §k»dan vt. (t’§k-d[e]-). 1) to upset, ruin,
mess up, spoil; 2) {syn: azirandin) to provoke, stir up
(IFb/OK/RF). [Zeb/K/A/IFb/OK/RF/Hej]
tekel <J*£j (MUs/K[s]/IFb) = mixed up. See t 5 §kil.
tekeli (IFb/SK) = mixture; interference. See
t’ekili.
te«k 5 etin vi. (te-k 5 ev-). to enter, go into:
•Daristaneke weha ye ku piling tekev§
nema dikare ji nav derkeve (SF 19) It is such a
[dense] forest that if a tiger enters it, he can’t get back
out •Eme derbas bibin, eme tekevin nava
bajer (L) We will pass [through the gates], we will
enter the city *Eze le suwar bibim, tekevim ve
tate (L) I will mount it [=the magic flying cauldron]
and enter the boulder • [Ji] tirsa gura keseki dil
nedikir tek’eve nava wan kevira (Ba2:2,
p.205) For fear of wolves no one dared go between
those boulders, [symk’etin [2]] [L/K/GF/TF/Ba2]
t’ekil 0 l52o‘ adj. mixed up: *Le, ti§t, cih d wexten
t§kel bi ser wi re ten (MUs, p.8) But mixed up
things, places, and times pass by him; -tekil kirin
(GF/OK)/tekel kirin (IFb) to mix, mix up, stir up;
-xwe tekil fk-f/ft-1 kirin (Hk) to get involved
with: *Xwe tekil sa neke (Hk) Don’t get involved
with dogs = Stay away from dogs, {also: tekel
(MUs/K[s]/IFb)l Cf. [tikil] (JJ) = trouble, melange &
[teklave kirin] = ’to mix' & <teklihevkirin>
(HH) = 'to mix two things together';
according to BX < di + ek + li [BX/Hk/K/GF/OK//
MUs/K[s]/IFb] See also t’ekili.
tekildar adj. [+bi ... ve] involved (in/with):
• Dive seroken ku ji ali gel ve tene
hilbijartin, bi hemu pirsgireken gel ve
tekildar bibin (Wit 1:49, p.16) Leaders who are
elected by the people should be involved in all of
the problems of the people. [(neol)Wlt] <t’ekili>
t’^kili C5 JLs5Lj /. (-ya;-ye). l) mixture, mixing, blending:
• • _
• tekiliya zaravayan (Ber) mixing of dialects;
2) interference, intervention; involvement: -t’ekili
bdn (K/JB3) a) to be mixed (K[s]/JB3); b) to interfere
(K[s]); -xwe tekil! kirin = a) to interfere (K[s]); b) to
participate, take part in (JB3); 3) {syn: peywendi)
connection, relation(ship): -k’etin t 5 §kiliy§ (RN2)
to get in touch with, contact: •Beriya ku civin b@
organizekirin, berpirsiyaren enstituya
Kurd! bi berpirsiyar§n kovar, rojname,
we§anxaneyan d bi niviskar§n Kurd re
ketin t§kiliye (RN2 14:80 [#37], p.3) Before the
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meeting was organized, those in charge of [lit.
'responsible for'] the Kurdish institute got in touch
with the heads of Kurdish journals, newspapers,
publishing houses, and with Kurdish writers
•Tekilya min p§ nine (GF) I have nothing to do
with it. {also: tekeli (IFb/SK); tekili; tekli (K[s]); [tikil]
J5j (JJ)) Sor tekeli ^^'/tekelawi ^Jl^J =
•i
'intermixture, complexity, intimacy, close friendship’
[Ber/[GF]/TF/OK//IFb/SK//K(s)//JJ] <hatin ft gun>
te»kirin qJZs vt. (te-k-). 1) to put, place, set (K); 2) to
insert, put in, stick in; to load; to fill up; 3) to pour
into (e.g., tea into a glass, sugar into a glass full of
tea): •"Qawet min sor bune?" Riwi got,
"Helbet. Dibeji dermane qirmizi hatiye te-
kirin" (SK 6:68) "Have my eyes become red?'"The
fox said, ’’Certainly, you'd think red dye had been
poured into them” •Qlayeke bo min te ke (Bw)
Pour me a glass of tea. {also: tera kirin (B); [ti kirin]
(j.Jf ij (JJ)) Sor te»kirdin ^- 'to pour out (into)’
[Z-l/K/JB3/GF/Bw//JJ//B]
tekili = mixture; interference. See t’ekili.
tekli (K[s]) = mixture; interference. See t’Skilf.
••
t6ko§er j<u;y£j m. (). fighter (for a cause or an ideal),
s.o. willing to struggle (for stg.), defender; combatant,
warrior; struggler: •Li diji teko§eren
serxwebftna Kurdistan£ §ereki gemari
dime§ine (Wit 1:36, p.l) It is carrying out a dirty
war against those fighting for the independence of
Kurdistan. Sor tekoger - one who strives;
warrior’ [(neol)Wlt/IFb/GF/TF] <teko§in>
t£»ko§in vi. (te-ko§-). 1) to try, attempt; to
exert o.s., strive; 2) to struggle, fight; 3) [f. (-a; ).]
striving (for), aspiration (to); struggle, fight:
•Teko§ina rizgariye hez dive (Ber) Striving for
freedom requires force, {also: teku§an; teku§m (JB3)1
Cf. Sor teko§an /t§ko§in = ’to strive’
[B er/K/IFb/GF/TF/ / JB 3 ]
teku§an = to strive; to struggle; striving; activity.
See teko§in.
teku§in (JB3) = to strive; to struggle; striving;
activity. See t£ko§in.
t 5 6l Jlj' f.lm.(B) (-a/£;-£/ ). 1) wire; string of musical
instrument (guitar, fiddle, etc.) ; 2) (syn; dezi; ta 11
thread: ris (B) yarn; 3) string (K); 4) telegram;
telegraph, {also: [tel] Jj (JJ)) Bailey's etymology: [Pok.
3. ter- 1071.] ’to rub, turn; to bore': O Ir *taryrya-:
Khotanese ttlla- = 'string, wire of musical instrument';
Oss tel = 'wire'; Sor tel Jaj = '(metal) wire’; both T tel
and Arm t c el p»tL are loans. For detailed etymology
see: H. W. Bailey. ”A Range of Iranica" in: W. B.
Henning Memorial Volume (London : Lund
Humphries, 1970), pp. 30-33 [under 7. tel].
[F/K/(A)/IFb/B/JBl-S/GF/SC//JJ] <[2] derzi; gulok>
t 5 elk 5 e§ ji. (). quiver; sheath: «Ji ber xwe
hilk 5 i§and t 5 elk’e§ Zilfeqare (EP-7) He
unsheathed his Zulfikar (name of Ali ibn Abi Talib’s
sword, used metaphorically to denote any fine
sword), {also: [tirkech] (JJ)) [EP-7//JJ] <tuj>
ten qZj f.(Zeb/IFb)/m.(OK) (-a/ ; ). energy; power;
effect of heat or warmth (of fire or other source of
energy): »Le her ku roj bilind dibu ...
zelaliya w§ ttna xwe bi ser siy@ ve
hildiwe§and (Alkan, 70) But as the sun rose higher
... the purity of its warmth overcame the shade; -hez
ft t§hn (Zeb) energy, power; -ttna agirt (IFb) heat
of the flame; -tina tave (IFb) heat of the sun, solar
energy, {also: tehn (GF-2); tehn (Zeb-2); tihn II (IFb-
2); tin I (K[s]/IFb-2/GF); <tin> ^ (Hej))
[Zeb/A/IFb/OK//K(s)/GF/Hej]
teni (Bw/SK/OK) = thirsty. See t 5 i III.
teniti (OK) = thirst. See t’in II.
t’Sr I Jj ad), full, sated, satisfied, having had one's fill:
• B. gend roja li we dere ma, xwe rihet kir,
ter li nav bajare wan geriya (L) B. stayed there
a few days, relaxed , had his fill of walking around
their town 'Em tera xwe ne (L) We can take care
of ourselves *Eme vira biminin, t 5 £r hevra
xeverdin (Z-l) We will stay here, and have our fill
of speaking together # Gi§k ten li Osib
diniherin, ji bedewtiya wi t’er nabin (Ba)
Everyone comes [and] looks at Joseph; they can't
have enough of his beauty # Herek§ me gepeke,
16 weki tu me bigdrini, her yek§ me t 5 6ra
rojekeye (J) Each one of us is [only] a bite, but if
you take us to pasture, each one of us will [provide]
a day's satiety (=will provide enough meat for a
whole day’s worth of eating) *Xulam§t EKmed
Axaye esli dest dane metreqan, rabftne
mutirban, ter kutan, kirine der (SK 2 7:251)
The real Ahmad Agha’s henchmen laid hold of their
sticks and went for the Gypsy musicians, gave them a
thorough beating, and drove them out «Zik§ t 5 6r
haj zik6 birgi t’une (K) A full stomach doesn’t
comprehend a hungry one [lit. 'hungry stomach']
[prv.]; -t’6ra ft-f kirin (B) to be enough, suffice:
•Ewi heqi t’era xerc ft xeraced mal§d wana
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nedikir (Ba2:l, p.204) Those wages were not
enough to cover the expenses of their households
•Va ava t’era du roja nake (B) This water won’t
last for two days [or, won't be enough for two days];
-t’8r xwarin = to eat one's fill, be satiated: «Min
t’£r xwar = I’ve had enough to eat, I'm full; -t’era
xwe = enough: »Ez t’£ra xwe naxwim - I don't
eat enough, {also: [tir] (JJ); <ter> (HH)) Cf.
P slr^~*; Sor ter {t’erayi; tereti; t’er[t]i)
[F/K/ A / JB 3 / IFb /B /HH/ S K/JB1 - A& S / GF/TF//JJ]
ter II jx (IF) = bird. See teyr.
t’£r III Jgi /. ( ;-e). (large) saddle bag; large sack:
•Herin t’£r£ m£vana bi genim§ rind dagirin
(Ba-1, #32) Come fill the guests’ sacks with fine
wheat, {aiso: tefe (IFh-2); <ter> (HH)) [syn: t’elis;
xa§i (IF); xerar (IF)) Sor ter Jj [Z/K/IFb/B/GI 7 /TF//HH]
<§el II>
tera kirin qjY\_Z3 (B) = to put; to insert; to pour. See
tSkirin.
tere o JLs (IFh) = large bag or sack. See t’er III.
Termeh (IFb) = July. See Tirmeh.
te§i[k’] (JBl-A) = spindle. See t’e§t.
te§t (OK/SK/Bw)/t’e§t’ (JBl-A) ouxly = breakfast; mid¬
morning coffee break. See ta§te.
t£§texewj^<u^ly /. (-a; ). sleeping late, sleeping in,
waking up late in the morning: *Dawud her ro
te§texewa diket (Bw) Every day Dawud sleeps
until late *Min t£§texeweka xwe§ kir (Bw) I had
a good, long sleep; I slept in. [Bwl
teti /. (). lark, zool. Alaudidae : *Rabu teti helina
xwe li teni§ta gevizka fil g£kir (RN) The teti
built her nest next to the elephant’s scratching
ground, j also: titi I) [RN]
te*werandin jAil jo 3 ^ = to envelop, enfold, surround.
See werandin I.
te«xistin vt. (te-x-). 1) to insert, put into, add
to: »Ciqeyse £zing§ we ... texin filan gal£ (L)
Everyone put your firewood in a certain ditch/pit
•Deve xwe text quia tate (L) Put your mouth up
to the hole in the rock *Qawek£ ji mir£ xwera
bik’elino / Tu t£xe du Keb fincan£ ferftiri
dayne ser seniya zerino (Z-2) Boil coffee for
your emir / pour it into two china cups and put them
on a golden tray »Ya d£, §iva min t£xe bin
text§ min (L) O mother, put my dinner under my
bed; 2) to introduce, present (BX).
[BX/K/A/JB 3 /IFb/GF/TF]
tSzylJ f. ()■ gunpowder, {also: <tez> (HH)} {syn:
barut) [Bw/A/IFb/HH/OK]
t’i I o (Z-3) = no, none. See t’u II.
tiam pUj, f. (L) = taste; tasty food; tasting. See ta’m.
t’ibarek J oj Lj (K) = talisman. See t’iberk.
t’ibark A jL; (K) = talisman. See t’iberk.
t’iberk -i)J f* Q. 1) [syn: nivi§t; t’ilism) talisman, amulet
(JB2/K/OK): •fteve xweliya bin k’oka dar£
hilda nav desmalekeda gireda, kire ber
pi§ta xwe gawa t’iberk (JB2-§amilov) She took a
piece of dirt from under the tree [lit. under the root
of the tree’] and wrapped it in a handkerchief, putting
it in her belt as a talisman; 2) good omen, blessing
(SK) [teberuk]; 3) [m. ().] flat cake given to the
faithful on religious festivals (among the Yezidis)
(B/HH). {also: teberuk (SK); t’ibarek (K-2); t’ibark (K);
tv
<teberik> (HH)) <Ar tabarraka V = ’to bode
well’ (o/b-r-k = ’blessing’) [Bw/JB2/B/0K//K//HH//SK]
cberbejn; ser I>
t’ib• il J-p (*la) (Bw) = finger. See till I.
t’ibihet 222 . (Z-2) = nature; characteristic. See
t’ebi'et.
t’if U6' f. Q. saliva, spittle, sputum: -t’if kirin
(K/A/IFb/HH/SK/GF) to spit, expectorate, {also: t’uf
(K-2); [tiw/touw] Jz (JJ); <tif> (HH)( |sy 22 :ava
dev; girez; t’uk II) Cf. Ar taffa = 'to spit’; P tof Uz;
Sor tif us [K/A/IFb/HH/JBl-A/SK//JJ] See t’il II &
t’hk II.
t’ifal/tifal JUy fJm.(B) ( ;-e/tifel). 1) {syn: kur II;
law; mindal; zaro) child; 2) greenhorn,
inexperienced person (IFb). {also: [tufjli] (JJ))
< Ar tifl Jit [EP-7/K/A/IFb/B//JJ]
t’ifaq I f. (). occurrence, event; accident, disaster:
•Xwede dere tifaqa bigre (Haz) greeting used
when wishing someone who has been in an accident
or the like ‘a speedy [Cf. Ar al-hamdu lillah ‘ala al-
salamah <UJ T gegmi§ olsun; lit.
'may God close the door of accidents']. {also: <tifaq>
& (HH)) (syn: bet’ar) < Ar ittifaq = ’accident,
chance occurrence, coincidence', verbal noun of
ittafaqa VIII jj&l (Vw-f-q) [Haz/HH/GF] <buyer;
t’ifiqin>
tifek (GF/HH) = rifle. See t’ifing.
tifeng (SK) = rifle. See t’ifing.
tiffik Jjjj (GF) = oven. See tifik.
tifik Jjtf /. (-a; ). oven, furnace; fireplace; any place
where a fire has been lit for cooking, etc. {also:
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T
tiffik (GF); <tifik> Jja (HH)} { 5722 : kug’ik II}
[Haz/Frq/A/IFb/HH/TF//GF] <firne; t’endur>
t’ifing JL& f. (-a;-6). rifle, gun: *Ji kHr te, ji dflr
te, vedire§e, xwin te [tifing] (L) It comes from
something deep, it comes from afar, it vomits, and
blood flows [rdl.; ans.: a rifle]; -t’ifing teqandin
(IF) to shoot off a rifle, {also: tifek (GF- 2 ); tifeng (SK);
t’ivek (M-Zx); tiving (GF- 2 ); t’iving (F/B);
[toufek/tifek Jjtf/tifenk Jjju] (JJ); <tifek> Jju (HH)}
{syn: §e§derb; §e§xane} Cf. P tofang T tiifek; Sor
tifeng <£><&; Za tifang m. (Mai) [K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//
F/B//SK//JJ//HH//M-Zx] <berik II; debange; gule;
sileh; §e§ar>
t’ifiqin ^Jiti vi. (-t’ifiq-). 1 ) to appear, show up,
come to light: •Weki cara duda tu li vira
t’ivqii, erne p’irtke tey! mezin guhe te
b§h£Iin [sic] (EP-7) If you show up here again,
we will fix it so that the largest piece of you is
your ear!; 2 ) to be horn (of animals) : •Meme
t’iviqye ji damn§ de (EP-7) Mem appeared
from (=was born out of) [his] mother's lap. {also:
t’iviqin (EP-7); [tifeqin] (JJ); ctifiqin
(ditifiqe) (<ui£>-j)> (HH)] < Ar ittafaqa VIII
(Vw-f-q) = ’to agree; to occur’ [EP-7//K/JJ/HH]
<t’ifaq I>
tihe’l [sic] (GF) = spleen. See teKel.
tihel Ji* (TF) = spleen. See teKel.
tihn I q# (JB3/HH/GF) = thirsty. See t’i III.
tihn II q# (IFb) = energy, power. See ten.
tihnayi (A) = thirst. See t’in II.
t’ije ojp (GF) = full. See t’ijl.
t’iji ^JJ adj. full (of) : *Afir tiji ka ye (AB) The
trough is full of straw *Firaq tiji savar e (AB)
The bowl is full of bulghur •Qeluna bave min
tiji titfln e (AB) My father's pipe is full of
tobacco •SKk tije quma§ e, le mela be§a§
e (BX) The marketplace is full of cloth, but the
mullah is turbanless [prv.] *Tas tiji ava zelal
e (AB) The bowl is full of clear water *Tije av
bfi (L) It became full of water, filled itself with
water [s’emplit d'eau] •T’iji ye ji mirova
(Zeb/Dh) It is full of people (i.e., crowded); -t’iji
kirin = to fill {syn: dagirtin}: *Sitila xwe tiji
av dike (J) She fills up her bucket with water, {also:
teji I (JB3/IFb-2); tije (GF); [teji] ^ (JJ); <teji ^/teji
^> (HH)} fcvala} {*tijeti; *t’ijiti} [K/A/IFb/B/
JB1-S/TF/OK//JB3/JJ/HH/SK//GF] <mi§t II>
til I Jj f. (). abdomen, {also: <til> Jj (Hej)}
[Kmc-5/IFb/OK/Hej] <zik>
til II Jj (-a; ) (B§k/Zx) = finger. See tili I.
tilih &ls (PB) = finger, toe. See tili I.
t’ilism p-Jj f.lm.(M-Zx) (-a/-£; ). talisman, charm,
amulet: *Nebi tu p’in£ me bilind g’iql§
dareva giredi, Keta ji te t§, tu nimz girede,
neziki k’oke girede gimko t’ilizma dar§ ji
k’okSye (JB2-§amilov) Don’t tie our rag high up on
a tree branch: do your best [lit. ’as far as it comes
from you'] to tie it low, tie it near the root, because
the tree’s charm is from the root; -t’ulusma zfrTin
(FK-eb-2) golden amulet: *Xezalek hat berahiye,
telism£ z&ri stoy da (M-Zx #753) A gazelle came
before him with a gold talisman round its neck, {also:
telism (M-Zx); t’ilismat (K-2); tilizim (OK); t’ilism (Z-
1); tilsim (GF); t’ulusm; t’ulusme} {syn: nivi§t; t’iberk)
< Ar tilasm —> T tilsim; Sor telism J< 0 '; Za
tilsim m. (Mai) [Z-l//K/IFb//GF//OK] cberbejn; ism;
ser I>
t’ilismat oL-Jj (K) = talisman, charm. See t’ilism.
tilizim pjJj (OK) = talisman, charm. See t’ilism.
till I/t’ili [Z-2/B] ^Jj f. (-ya;-ye). 1) {syn: beg’i}
finger; toe: -sere tipla (Ak) fingertips;
-tilTya berani (K/F/B)/t’iliya mezin (F/K/B) thumb
{syn: beranek, f.};
-t’iliya g’ftk (B)/tiliya qiligane (Msr)/~qilig’k§
(K)/~qilinceke (IF)/~ba§ikan (IF)/[tellye pecuk] (JJ-
PS) pinky, little finger;
-t’iliya gustile (B/Msr)/~gustilke
(B/IF)/~gustilkirine (K)/~hingliske (IF)/~b§nav
(K) ring finger;
-t’iliya ni§ane (F/B)/~ni§andek§ (IF)/~ni§ankirin§
(K)/~§ade (Msr) index finger, forefinger, pointer;
-t’iliya ort’§ (F/K/B)/tiliya navS (K)/~navin
(IF)/~n§vi (Msr) middle finger; 2) fingertip(s) (Klk).
{also: tell I (HR-I); t’ih*il (»la) (Bw); til II (-a;)
(B§k/Zx); tilih (PB); till! (GF); tipil (Ak); tuli (Klk); tuli
(Hk); [tiloul-Jj (JJ); <tili> Js (HH)} =Sor emust
o-v 5 -oou/[h]engust *[■*]; kilik JI Si pence
pilk JLLj; qemikeL<\3‘; = Za engi§t f (Mai)
[Z-l/F/K/JB3/IF/£nr/Czr/Kp/Msr/Rh/Tkm/Wn//B//
jj//PB//GF//Bw//Ak//B§k/Zx//KIk//Hk//HR-l] <beranek;
neynuk; p’e II; qilig’k>
tili II f. (-ya; ). a single grape: -tiliya tiri (Bw)
do.: *Cana min e tiliya tiri / gi zK xasti K gi
zK biri (song of Tehsin Taha) My soul [=beloved] is
a single grape / how quickly is she desired, how
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J
quickly is she taken [=no sooner is she desired than
she is taken away]. [Bw/Zx] <tiri>
tilik JLJj (). boiled raisin: *Eze tilika dixom (Bw) I
am eating boiled raisins *Me tilik yet gekirin
(Bw) We have made [=prepared] boiled raisins. [Bw]
cmewij; till II>
tilili ^Lb f (-ya; ). shrill, trilling cries of joy uttered
• B
by women at weddings; ululation {Ar zayrudah
-tilili vedan (Bw) to ululate, utter shrill and
trilling cries of joy (of women at weddings): •Tilili
vedana te ya xo§ bfl! (Bw) Your ululations were
really something! {also: <tilili> L5 1 Jj (HH/Hej)} Sor
tililili = helhele = 'shrill and sustained
cries of joy (women)’ [Bw/A/IFb/HH/GF/Hej]
till pindk f. (). children’s game in which
••
players stick their fingers up the anus of one player.
{also: tiliping (Qzl); tillipink (GF)} [Msr//Qzl//GF]
tiliping Xy-X (Qzl) = children's game. See till pindk.
t’ilism -Xj (Z-l) = talisman, charm. See t’ilism.
tili§ Jyb (S&E/K) = wood chips, filings, sawdust. See
teli§.
tilli (GF) = finger. See till I.
tillipink (GF) = children's game. See tili pindk.
tilor I (-e; ). thigh, haunch, {also: tilor (Mzg-2)]
( syn: het; kulimek; fan) [Mzg/IFb]
tilor II yb (Bw) = type of bird. See tilth,
tilsim (GF) = talisman, charm. See t’ilism.
tilflr^^ m. (). type of bird: 1) {syn: qumri] turtledove
[Ar turyul y] (GF): 'Em dibezin ser ave, ku
wan tiluren hin birindar mane serjebikin
(Cankurd: RN2 56[1998] 10) We used to run down
to the water, to slaughter the wounded birds; 2) {svn:
qijik) rook [Rus grac rpai] (K); 3) |syn:qijik; qirik
II) crow (Rus vorona BopoHa ] (K). {also: tilor II (Bw);
tiluri (TF); turli (GF-2); <tilur>^b (Hej))
[Cankurd/K/IFb/GF/Hej//TF//Bw] <teyr>
t’im ^ adv. 1) {syn: her [2]; hergav; hert’im) always; -
tim fl daim (JB3) continuously, eternally; -tim fl
tim (IF) endlessly, ceaselessly; 2) often, frequently
(B): »Ew t’imfl wan giliya diwek’iline (B) He
often repeats those words, {also: t’ime (K/Z-l); [tim
-j/temi l$0 3 ] (JJ)1 ?< t’emam = all'
’K/B//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF] <misewa>
tima Lj adj. 1) ( syn: gikus; giruk [2]; rijd) greedy,
miserly, stingy; 2) {syn: rijdi} [/.] avarice, greed,
miserliness, stinginess, {also: temah (IFb); [tama]
(JJ); <tima> Lb (HH)) < Ar tama* = 'greed'
[JR/K/F/B/Ba2/TG2//IFb]
timam (L) = all; whole. See t’emam.
time (K/Z-l) = always; often. See t 5 im.
tinaz jtj m. (-e; tinez). 1) {syn: fienek; qerf; tewz;
tirane; yari II) joke, joking; 2) ridicule, mockery,
scoffing, {also: <tinaz> jLb (HH)} Cf. Ar/P tznzyb
[Msr/K/ A/IFb/B/GF/TF //HH] <pek’enok>
tipil Jy (Ak) = finger. See tili I.
-tir y suffix designating the comparative degree of
adjectives : cf. English '-er' (happier, bigger) and
'more' (more spacious, more capable): *Ew trade fl
pi§girtin, dema gend sal bi ser ve gfln an
sist dibe, an ji mezintir dibe (AW72D3) This
desire and support, when a couple of years have
passed, will either weaken or become greater *Ji
penci cari bebtir gotina "mist " di §flna
gotina "mizdane "de, bi gewti hatiye
bikaranin (AW73C2) More than 50 times the word
"mist" was incorrectly used instead of the word
"mizdan" »Me gotibu hilbijartinen her§mi ji
ya parlamentoye giringtir in (AW72D2) We
had said that regional elections are more important
than the parliamentary one *Pa§i mar hat e p6§,
got, "Zerera min mezintir e. Dibit xelatfl
min getir bit” (SK 1:6) Then the snake came
forward and said, "The damage I do is greater. My
reward ought to be better" »Peren ku didane me
ne pir bin ji, disa ji ji mea§en hemu
karmend fl karkeren wan zedetir bfln
(AW72B3) Even if the money they gave us was not a
lot, it was still more than the wages of all their
workers »Zine ji horiya bedewtir bfl, ewqas
bedew, ewqas k’emal, serhevda husulcemal
bu (Z-l, p.45) Zin was more beautiful than the
houris--so beautiful, so perfect, all in all a ravishing
beauty; -ji hemfl (K)/ji gi§ka (K)/ji hemiyan -tir
= the most, -est {syn: here I; t’ewri; -tirin): *Pa§i
mi§k hat e pe§, got, "Xizmeta min ji
hemiyan zedetir e, bes lazim e xelat@ min ji
ye hemiyan getir bit" (SK 1:7) Then the mouse
came forward and said, "My service is greater than
all, so my reward must needs be better than
everybody’s [=the best]" •Selam li-ser te, ey
cwantir ji hem! teyran fl maqflltir ji wan (Sk
4:40) Peace be upon you, O most handsome and
most honoured of birds. | also: [ter] y (JJ)} Cf. P -tar
Sor -tir y [K/IFb/B/OK//JJ]
tir _p* / tir Jb [SK/HH] f. (). flatulence, (intestinal) gas,
* ▼
fart; audible fart, as opposed to fis = silent fart or
619
T
"silent but deadly" {SBDI : •[Ker ji tir rabi] (YSZx)
The donkey stopped farting [prv.] {,said when an
inferior (=incompetent person) is removed from a
high position /; -tir kirin (K) to fart, break wind.
{also: [tyr] y (JJ); <tir> (HH)) Cf. Sor tir y; W Arm
der rnta [YSZx/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK//HH/SK]
<fis>
tiraf y f. (). embers, ashes with glowing coals, {also:
traf (IFb-2)) (syn.'bizot; helemor; k’ozir) [A/IFb]
t’iral J)y adj.&m. lazy, idle: *Hers§ mehen payize
/ Ma be kar d ma tiral (Cxn-KE: Rencbere Bi
rumet) All three months of the fall / he remained
without work and idle *Teralek pi§ta wi dixure,
1§ ji terali d tembeliye nikare pi§ta xwe
bixurine, hema hundure deste xwe dixurine
d diaveje pa§ xwe! (LM, 15) The back of a
lazybones itches, but out of laziness he can't scratch
his back, so be scratches the palm of bis band and
throws it behind bimself. {also: teral (LM/AD); [tyral]
JI y (JJ); <teral JI _Jd1 tilar jJj> (HH)| { syn : t’embel]
[Cxn-KE/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//HH/OK//LM/AD]
t’iraleti JIy (B) = laziness. See t’ifali.
••
t’irali LJ i)y> f. ( ;-y§). laziness: -Teralek pi§ta wi
• •
dixure, le ji terali d tembeliye nikare pi§ta
xwe bixurine, hema hundure deste xwe
dixurine u diaveje pa§ xwe! (LM, 15) The
back of a lazybones itcbes, but out of laziness he
can't scratch bis back, so he scratches the palm of
his hand and throws it behind himself, {also: terali
(LM/AD); t’iraleti (B-2)} {syn: t’embeli)
[LM/AD//K/IFb/B] <t’iral>
tirambel ^ (IFb) = automobile. See trimbel.
tirancek y (Haz) = steps, staircase. See derenc.
tiran*e/t’irane [K] aj) y f. (*a; ). 1) [syn: b'enek; qerf;
tewz; tinaz; yari II| joke: • c Eli Beg ji, gunkd xo§-
me§reb bd, Rej tirane d sufibetan dikir (SK
39:345) Now Ali Beg, being merry-natured, liked
jokes # Ez tiranan bi te dikem (Db) I'm kidding
you *Tu micit i yan bi tirane we dibeji? (SK
2:13) Are you serious, or do you say this as a joke?;
2) {syn: listik; yari II) game: # Qel gd gundeki, du
se ditin li naw Kew§eki tirane dikirin (SK
4:53) The crow went to a village and saw two dogs
romping in a courtyard, {also: terane (A/IFb/SK-2);
[tirane] )y (JJ) = clown, jokester’; <terane> y
(HH)) Cf. P tarane «oly = 'song, melody'; Sor terane
-olj-o* = 'melody’ [Dh/K/JJ/SK//A/IFb/HH]
tirar j) y m. (-e;-i). copper water cup or bowl: # Vi
tirari bi§o (Dh) Wash this cup; -tirar§ av§ (Dh)
do. {also: trar (GF-2); [trar (G)/trar (Rh)] J y (JJ);
<tirar> y (Hej)} [Dh/IFb/JJ/GF/OK/RZ/Hej]
tira§ ^ 1 ji (Bw) = shrub. See t’era§ II.
tixazi Jb (Bw) = scale. See t’erazi.
• •
t’irb f. (-a;-e). 1) (syn; gor I; mexber; mezel [3])
tomb, grave: »Weke t§ zanin tirba EhmedS
Xani li Bazide ye u weke ziyaretgeha xelke
hereme ye (Wit 1:37, p.3) As is known, the tomb
of Ahmed-i Kbani is in [DoguJBayazit, and is like a
shrine for the people of tbe region; -kevire ser
t’irbe (K)/kevire t’irbe (B) tombstone;
2) cemetery, graveyard (JJ) [tyrb]. {also: [tyrb/tirb
v.y/tourbe <uy] (JJ); <tirb> v y (HH)) < Ar turbah
JJ --> T tiirbe; —> P torbat coy [EP-7/F/K/A/IFb/
B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
t’ire fej v. [+ ji / + obi.] It seems to (me, you, bim,
99
etc.), (I, you, he) thinks or is under the impression
that ...: *C’iya usa bedew dibd, meriv t’ire
xaliga Xufustane ser wi Taxistine (Ba2:l,
p.202) The mountain was so beautiful, people
thought that Khurasani rugs had been spread out
over it »Ewi t’ire, Zina delal p’a§16dane (Z-l)
He thought (or, was under tbe impression) that
darling Zin was in his embrace # Ji me t’ir§ ne se
roje, me t’ire ev gave d ev sehete (EP-7) It
doesn't seem like three days to us, it seems to us like
a moment or an hour »Ji wan tir£ ew roje (EP-7)
It seemed to them it was a day [that had passed,
when in fact it was 3 days] •Min (te, ewi, me)
t’ire (K) It seems to (me, you, him, us), (I, you, he,
we) thinkfs] / (I am, you are, he is, we are) under the
impression that .... [EP-7/Z-1/K/B]
tirih a y (TF/HH) = grapes. See tiri.
tirimbel JJL-oy (TF) = automobile. See trimbel.
tiri ^y m.(K/JBl-A)/f.(B) (-ye/ ; /-ye), grapes, bot.
Vitis: »Wan stiri gandin, xiyala wan ew bd
de tiri ginin. Nezanin [sic] here stiri stiri ye,
tiri niye (SK 48:511) They planted thorns, thinking
to reap grapes. They did not know that a thornbusb
bears thorns, not grapes, {also: tirih (TF); [tiri]
(JJ); ctirih oy/tiri c5 y> (HH)) {syn: mewij [2]) Sor
tire fej. For a list of types of grapes, see: Salih
Omeri. "Naven Tiriyan bi Kurdi," RN2 52 & 53
(1998) [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/OK//TF]
<harsim; k’i§mi§; mewij; mew; fez; sewi. [1]; tili II;
620
T
types of grapes : binete’ti; gozane; i§qir; mezrona;
misebq; sinceri; tayfi; torane; xanoq>
tirij (IFb) = sunbeam, ray. See tirej.
-tirin Qjy pr. mod. suffix designating the superlative
degree of adjectives: cf. English ’the -est’ (the
happiest, the biggest) and ’the most’ (the most
spacious, the most capable): •Belediyeya
Hudingen§, ku yek ji giringtirin bajaren
derdora Stokholme ye (AW72A2) The
municipality of Hudingen, which is one of the most
important cities around Stockholm •Iro Partiya
(^ep, yek ji mezintirin partiyen Ewrupaye
ye (AW72A2) Today the Leftist Party is one of
Europe’s largest parties •Kiarostami weki yek ji
ba§tirin derh§neren ethane te binavkirin
(AW70B4) Kiarostami is being called [or, is known
as] one of the world's best producers. { syn: here I; ji
hemu -tir; t’ewri) recent borrowing from Sorani and
Persian ; Cf. P -tarln Q^y, Sor -tirin ^y [IFb/OK]
tiri§ke *£yy (IFb) = lightning. See trdsk.
T’irk Jy m. (). Turk: -jina T’irk (K)/k’ulfeta T’irk
(B) Turkish woman; -zimane T 5 irka[n] (K) Turkish
language. ( also: [turk] Jy (JJ)) {syn: fom)
[Ad/K/A/IFb/B//JJ/GF]
T’irkiye y f. ( ;-ye). [Republic of] Turkey: »der
heqe tekiliyen Tirkiye 11 welaten ethane de
(AW69A1) about relations [between] Turkey and the
[other] countries of the world, {also : Tirkye (AD);
T’urki (K)} {syn : Rom) [AW/IFb//AD//K]
t’irki y adj. Turkish, {also: [tyrki] C5 T 'y (JJ)) (t’irkiti)
[K/A/IFb/B/JJ]
t’irktti y f. (). turkishness, being a Turk. [A]
<t’irk[i[>
Tirkye jy^y (AD) = Turkey. See T’irkiye.
tirs ^y f. (-a;-e). fear, fright: •Tirsa min dawiye
sere min bie§e (L) I'm afraid that later I'll have
troubles [lit. 'my head will ache']; -ji tirsa [re] /
tirsa (B)/ tirsara = out of fear, for fear: •Hema ji
tirsa re, xew wt naye (L) Due to fear (or. Out of
fear) he couldn't fall asleep *Miz kir ji tirsa re (L)
He pissed out of fear, {also: [tyrs] ^y (JJ); <tirs>
(HH)) {syn: saw) Cf. P tars ^y, Sor tirs ^y - 'fear.
danger(ous)’; Hau tersi f (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/
GF/TF//HH] <tirsandin; tirsin>
tirsan jL y (K/A/SK/OK) = to fear. See tirsin.
tirsandin y vt. (-tirsin-). 1) to frighten, scare,
terrify: *£ri§a gur, pez ditirsine (AB) The wolfs
attack scares the sheep •T’ased xwe digirtne
destdd xwe, p§ §iva li wan dixistin, wekt bi
wi dengi gura bitirsinin (Bs2:l, p.203) They
would take their bowls and bang on them with their
staffs, so as to scare away the wolves with this noise;
2) to spur or goad on (a horse) : *Bi zengilya
raste min bitirsine (EP-7) spur me on with the
right spur [as opposed to the left spur] «Bi zengfiya
Bor tirsand (EP-7) he spurred on Bor with [his]
spurs, {also: [tyrsandin] y (JJ); <tirsandin
(ditirsine) (^^J=o)> (HH)) Cf. P tarsandan
y; Sor tirsandin <j jjL y\ Za tersanena
[tersanayi§] (Todd) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//HH]
<tirsin>
tirsek y (B) = coward. See tirsonek.
tirsi ^y (JBl-A/OK) = stale (of bread). See t’isi [l] .
t •
tirsin y vi. (-tirs-). [+ ji] to fear, be afraid or
frightened of: •Ditirsyam, ku pey gfiyina min
ra ni§keva gur xwe bavejne ser keriy§ pez
(Ba2:2, p.205) I was afraid that after I left [lit. ’my
going'] the wolves would suddenly pounce on the
flock of sheep »Ew gavan geliki tirsiya (L) That
cowherd was very much afraid »Tu ji xwed&
natirsi (L) You don't fear God. {also: tirsan
(K/A/SK/OK-2); tirsyan (M/SK-2); [tyrsin
jj’/tyrsiian jL~ y] (JJ); ctirsan (ditirse)
(<u^Lj)> (HH)) [Pok. tres-/ters- (*teres) 1095.] 'to
tremble': Skt trasati = ’he trembles’; O Ir *trs- (Tsb
45) < Proto IE *trs-ske- (Kent): Av tarasaiti; OP Srah-
(pres. tarsatiy) [+ haca + ablative]; P tarsldan y;
Sor tirsan jLp' (-tirse-); Za tersena [tersayi§] (Todd);
Hau tersay (ters-) vi. (M4); cf. also Gr treo xpeco = ’I
tremble'; Lat terreo, -ere = 'to frighten’; Rus triasti
TpHCTH - 'to shake' (W.) [F/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A&S/
GF/TF/OK//K/A/SK//HH]
tirsok Jy»y (K/A/IFb/GF) = coward. See tirsonek.
tirsonek y m. (). coward, 'scaredy-cat':
• Tirsonek tim li pa§ in (AB) The coward are
always at the rear (or, always in back), {also: tirsek
(B); tirsok (K-2/A/IFb-2/GF-2); [tersounek
>>/ters6k y] (JJ); <tirsonek> (HH))
{syn: bizdonek) Sor tirsnok y = 'coward';
Za tersnok (Todd) {tirsoki; tirsonek[t]i)
[AB/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//JJ//HH//A//B]
tirsonek! y f ( ;-y§). cowardliness, cowardice,
{also: tirsonekti (K)) [K/JB3/B/TF] <tirsonek>
tirsonekti yS^yy (K) = cowardice. See tirsonek!.
tirsyan jL -y (M/SJK) = to fear. See tirsin.
621
T
tir§ Jl ^>*/tir §<jl^ [HH/SK] adj. sour: -made xwe
tir§ kirin (XF) to frown, make a face, be
dissatisfied, {also: [tyrch] ji yi (JJ); <tir§> Jb
(HH)) Cf.[Pok. (s)ter-/(s)tera:(s)tre- 1022 ff.]
'stiff: 3. (s)terp-: *trfsa-: Mid P tru(f)s (M3);
P tors Ji ,>>•; Sor tir§ jiy; = 'sour, acid, [n.]
sumac’ (tir§ayi; tir§!| [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
GF/TF//HH/SK] <miz II; tal>
tir§ay! /. (). sourness, {also: tir§i (K-2/A/IFb/TF);
tir§it! (GF)| [K/B//A/IFb/TF//GF] <tir§>
tir§ik Jj: y; f. (-a; ). type of vegetable stew: *tir§ika
kutilka (CB) type of food made with danherk
(type of wheat flour) consisting of patties stuffed
with ground meat and minced onions, in a sour
sauce [in the region between Cizira Bohtan and
Dihok]. {also: <tir§ik> Jj: jSd (HH))
[Bw/CB/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK//HH] <kutilk>
tir§i ^;>>' (K/A/IFb/TF) = sourness. See tir$ayi.
••
tir§iti \y> (GF) = sourness. See tir§ayi.
mm
tir §0 yz y m. (-e/tir§e [B-2]; ). sorrel, bot. Rumex,
any of various plants with sour (tir§) juice; sour
plant with wide leaves (HH). {also: tir§ok (IFb);
[terchouk] y> (JJ); <tir§ok> Jy: (HH)) Cf.
tir§ = ’sour' [Ba2/K/A/B//IFb//JJ//HH]
tir§ok Jp y (IFb) = sorrel. See tir§o.
tiryan ^y m.Zf.(Zeb) ( /-a;-i/). wicker tray (on
which dry, folded bread is laid and sprinkled with
water before being eaten) (SK): «Du nanet
kuloregenim ji dane ser tiryani, bo §iwa
mdwani bine (SK 31:277) Put two wheaten loaves
on the tray and bring them for our guest’s supper.
{also: tiryank, f (Zeb); ctiryan jLy/tiryane <juL>»>
(Hej) = 'small fruit basket’) [SK/Hej//Zeb] <herke§;
lengeri; mecme’; seni>
tiryank GL Ly , f. (Zeb) = wicker tray. See tiryan.
t’isi adj. 1) {also: tirsi (JBl-A/OK)) stale (of
bread) : *Were, em nane xwe Fisi bi §ire
xamberdira bixun (EP-7) Come, let’s eat our
stale bread with the milk of three-year-old barren
sheep; 2) {also: tissi (GF)) plain, without condiment
(of bread, food) ; 3) poor, indigent (JJ). {also: tirsi
(JBl-A/OK); tissi (GF); [tisi] ^ (JJ); <tisi> ^ (HH))
(t’isiti) [EP-7/K/IFb/JJ/HH/TF//GF//JB 1-A/OK]
t’isiti f (). staleness (of bread), {also: [tisitil^yyj
(JJ)1 [K/JJ] <Fisi>
tissi (GF) = plain (of food). See Fisi [2].
ti§t ^ m . (K/B)/f.(W/MC-1 /Hk) (-§/-a;-i/-§). 1) thing:
•Tu§ here ji mi re li van pera ti§ta bikire!
622
(L) Go buy me some things with this money; -ti§ti =
once, as soon as: •Jinik, tera yek nine, ti§ti ez
tu hev nabinin, yan yan ber dara
dergu§e? (Dz) Woman, does it matter to you, once
we are out of each other's sight, whether I'm in mush
or under an infant’s cradle? [folk saying]; 2) [+ neg.]
nothing: *Meriyed ku qe ti§tek ji je
nelazimbdya (Ba) People who didn’t need
anything at all # Nikare ti§teki bike (Ba) He can't
do anything *Ti§tek sere wi nanye (Ba) They
didn’t do anything to him [lit. 'They didn't bring
anything to his head'], {also: [tycht] (JJ): <ti§t>
(HH)) Cf. Mid P cis/tis (M3); P clz^; Sor §it
oJ:/gi§t Za gi (Todd/Mal)/giy (Mai) m.\ Hau
gew m. (M4) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/])/I-IH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF]
ti§tanok f. (). riddle, {also: ti§tonek (Wit)) j syn:
apik (Kg); mamik; tederxistinok; ti§tik (IF); xacerez
(IF)) [Z/Qzl//Wlt]
ti§tir (K/IFb/CG/B/GF) = young female goat. See
tu§tir.
ti§tonek (Wit) = riddle. See ti§tanok.
titin (JB3/HH) = tobacco. See t’itun.
t’itdn c j a p> f (-a;-e). tobacco: *Li kevir dixim,
na§k§, li ave dixim, di§ke [Pel§ titin§] (L) I
throw it onto a rock, it doesn't break, I throw it onto
the water, it breaks [rdl.; ans.: cigarette paper] *Li
p§§ mezineki xwe nabe ku em titdnd
bike§in (Epl, p.23) In front of an elder it is not all
right for us to smoke tobacco •Qeltina bavd min
tiji titfln e (AB) My father's pipe is full of tobacco.
{also: titin (JB3); tutin (TF); t’ut’in (M-Zx); [toutoun
(jy^/toutin <jjy] (JJ); <titin> qjj (HH)) Cf. Ar tutun
QZi, T tutun [ AB/K/IFb/B/GF//JJ//TF//M-Zx//JB3/HH]
<kama§>
t’ivdarek (B/F/K) = preparations; repair. See
t’edarik.
t’ivdir y jii' (Z-l) = plan; preparations. See Fevdir.
t’ivek (M-Zx) = rifle. See Fifing,
tiving (GF)/t’iving (F/B) jSjfr = rifle. See Fifing,
t’iviqin (EP-7) = to appear; to be born (of animals).
See t’ifiqfn.
tixaris f (-a; ). piece of material used in sewing
garments: one starts with a rectangular piece of
material which is cut diagonally into two pieces, then
the straight, long outside edges are sewn together in
such a way that the diagonal sides form a trapezoid,
one end of which is narrow, the opposite end of
which is wide. [Qzl/GF]
T
t’ixftb mJf.(Dz) (-§/-a; ). 1) \syn: sinor} border,
limit, boundary: •Esker-le§ker§ gran, ji t’xfibd
beni adem derk’etin, ghigtin ciki usa, weki
re§k-tari bti, ndziki p’er§ 'ezman bfln (EH)
The great army passed beyond the boundary of
human beings, and reached a place which was dark,
near the edge (or, “wings”) of the sky •T’ixfiba
xorta t’uneye (Dz) There is no limit for young
men (=the young think they can do everything)
/ prv.] ; 2) the Tikhub district, {also: t’xub (EH);
[tokobi] (JJ-G); [t’khob] (JJ-Rh); <tuxub>
(HH)} <Arc [& Heb] tehum DlJin = 'dominion, area,
district, border, limits', (originally a surrounded,
marked place, cf. Heb homah HDin = 'city wall'); Syr
tehumo Luo^ts = 'border, limit; precept, regulation,
penalty'; NENA tikhub ^o^ts (Maclean), from the K
form; Sor tixiib = 'boundary, frontier'
[EH//K/IFb/ S K/GF//HH//JJ-G//JJ-Rh]
t’izbih a jjp - = prayer beads. See t’izbi.
t’izbi mJf.(Rh) ( /-ya; ). rosary, prayer beads,
chaplet; worry beads: *Her kese pe§keke ji awa
tizbiydt min wexotewe, cendekS wi agir§
cehenneme nabinit (SK 12:119) Whoever drinks
a drop of the water from my rosary, his body will
not see the fire of Hell. { also: t’esbih; t’esbih (K-2);
tezbeh (OK-2); t’izbih; tizbih (F); tizbik (OK); [tizbi
^^•/tezbikh^jp] (JJ); ctizbe <\j>/tizbi ^yi/tizbifi
j = 'glorification of God'
fdone while passing prayer beads [misbahah
through one’s fingers); —> P tasblh^^^J - 'prayer
beads' —> T tespih; Sor tezbeh = rosary, gen. of
99 round beads (denik), two flattened beads (imame)
dividing them into 3 parts of 33 (but sometimes of
33 beads only), and larger elongated bead (§awnl)
where the two ends are brought together' (W&E, p.
146); JJ distinguishes between rosaries for Muslims
[tizbi ^
[msbahh ^]. [K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/Srk/K§/
Rh//F//OK]
tizbih (F) = prayer beads. See t’izbi.
tizbik JLj y (OK) ~ prayer beads. See t’izbi.
tizurig .if^y (IFb) = leech. See zuri.
til m. (-y§; ). 1) {syn: kevi I| sharp edge (e.g., of
table, shovel, etc.) (Bw); 2) {syn: dev [4]; §ilf) blade
(SK/JJ-G): •§ireki gelek kewn hebu, kalwane
wi ziw bii, destik§ wi z§r bfl, qa§et elmas ft
piroze hatibfine t§-girtin, ti[y]§ wi kerman
bti (SK 26:234) There was a very ancient sword with
£oy> (HH)} <Ar tasbih
^y/tezbikh ^y] and those for Christians
623
a silver scabbard, its hilt of gold inlaid with gems of
diamond and turquoise, and its blade of Kermani
steel; 3) layer, crust: -tiye c erdi (Zeb) the earth's
crust, {also: [ti] (JJ-G)) [Pok. (s)teig- 1016] 'to stick;
pointed': Av taeya-; P tly = 'sword, razor'; Sor tix
gj = 'blade, razor, side-arms' [Bw/JJ-G/SK/Zeb]
t’i II m. (-ye; ). brother-in-law [pi. brothers-in-law],
44
(a married woman's) husband’s brother: •T’iye
min iro giiye bajer (Haz) My brother-in-law went
to town today, {also: t’iy (HB/A/IFb-2/Haz); [ti] js
(JJ); <ti> j (HH)) [HB/A/Haz//F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
GF/TF/OK/Bw] <birajin; buri; di§; jint’i II; t’iza>
t’i III adj. thirsty: ®Her Heft ji mane t’i (Dz) All
seven of them remained thirsty; -t’i-birgi (J) hungry
and thirsty, {also: tehni (Bw/JBl-A); teni (SK/OK/Bw-
2); tihn I (JB3/GF-2); tihn I (A); [ti] j; (JJ); <tihn q#
/tin yp/tl (HH)) [Pok. ters- 1078.] 'to dry, to feel
thirst': Skt trsna f. = 'thirst'; O Ir *trsna- (Ras, p.134):
Av tarsna-; Mid P tisn[aglh] = 'thirst' & tisnag =
'thirsty'; P tesne «*u£j = 'thirsty'; Sor tinu^qj; Za
tey§an (Todd); also Germ Durst; Eng thirst (teniti;
tihnayi; t’in II; t’ihn II; t’iti; [titi] (JJ))
[K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//Bvv/JBl-A//SK/OK//A//JB3] cbirgi; t’ln
II>
t’lbun (B) = thirst. See t’in II.
tihn I (A) = thirsty. See t’i HI.
t’ihn II (K) = thirst. See t’in II.
tij yj (HB/Bw/SK/GF) = sharp; hot, spicy. See tfij.
tijav <J)yy f ( ;-e). acid, {also: [tizaw] <J )yj (JJ)} {syn:
synonyms) Cf. P tlzab = 'acid'; Sor tezab
= 'aquafortis, nitric acid' [Zeb/K(s)//JJ]
tilor yiy (Mzg) = thigh. See tilor I.
t’imar jLy f. ( ;-§). 1) (syn: miqati; sexberi) nursing,
tending, looking after, caring for, treatment: -t’imar
kirin (B) = a) to nurse, tend, care for, treat; b) to
groom (horse)\ 2) grooming, combing (horse), {also:
[timar kirin] jLy (JJ); <timar> jLy (HH)} Cf. T
timar [EP-7/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
timsah (IFb) = crocodile, alligator. See timseh.
timseh A*wy m. (). crocodile; alligator: *Jina
miroveki zengin ji m§r§ xwe cotek sol§n ji
germe timsehan xwest (LM, p.26) The wife of a
rich man asked her husband for a pair of shoes of
alligator skin, {also: timsah (IFb)} < Ar timsah
-> T timsah [LM//IFb]
tin I yj (K[s]/IFb-2/GF/Hej) = energy, power. See t&n.
t’in II f. (). thirst: *L§v§n min ji tinan ziwa
biin (AB) My lips became dry from thirst, {also:
T
teniti (OK); tihnayi (A); t’ibun (B); t’ihn II (K); tini[ti]
(GF); t’iti (K); [titi] (JJ)) Za tey§ m. (Mai); Hau
tejne m. (M4) [K//A//B//GF//OK//JJ] <birgiti; t’i III>
tini ( jcp (GF) = thirst. See t’in II.
tiniti (jcpys (GF) = thirst. See t’in II.
•»
tip ^3 f. (-a; ). letter of the alphabet: *Te xuyakirin
ku, nemir du tip ji alfabeya xwe avetine,
ew herdu tip ev in: H - X (Wit 1:42, p.10) It
seems that the dearly departed [=Celadet Bedirxan]
removed two letters from his alphabet; those two
letters are H and X *Tipa (V) deng dide weke
tipa (W) ya Kurdi (Wit 1:42. p.10) The letter ‘V’
sounr s like the Kurdish letter C W\ \also: pit II (A)}
<Fr type; Sor tip ^^j/pit [Wlt/K/IFb/GF/OK//A]
<alfabe>
tir I ^p f. (-a;-e). arrow: -tir avetin (K/JB3) to sboot
an arrow, [also: [tir] (JJ); <tir> (HH)} [Pok
steig- 1016.] 'to stick; pointed': Av tiyra- = ’sharp,
pointed’ & tiyri- = ’arrow'; OP tigra- = ’sharp,
pointed’; Mid P tigr = ’arrow' (M3); Pashto tera =
'sharp, pointed’ (<*taigra-); P tir ^p; Sor tir^p; Za
tin f. = ’arrow; rolling-pin' (Mai); Hau tire f. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <kevan; neg’ir; zerg>
tir II adj. dense, thick (of liquids): *Xwarina me
tir e (GF) Our food is^ thick; -dewe tir (IFb) thick
dew [=drink of yoghurt and water]; -qatixe tir (B)
thick yoghurt; -§ire tir (K) thick milk; -tir bun
(A/B/IFb) to thicken (W.), be or become dense or
thick; -tir kirin (B/IFb/JJ) to thicken (vt.), condense,
make dense or thick, {also: [tir] ^p (JJ); <tir> ^p (HH)}
[Bw/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK] <§elo>
tiravej jls'l ^p m. (). archer, bowman, one who shoots
arrows from a bow. [also: tirvan (A); [tir-awij] jJI ^p
(JJ)} Sor tir[b]awej = 'archer; bowshot 1
(tiraveji) [K/IFb/GF//JJ//A] <tir; kevan; neg’ir>
tiravSji ^p f ( ;-y£). archery, the art of shooting
an arrow from a bow: •Mem li pe§iye te’lim u
terbiyeta xwe li cem daye distand, pa§e li
cem lele cure-cure ’ulim hin bftye, ew hini
suwariye, tiravejiye dikirin (K-d§, p. 88) Mem
received his first education and training from his
mother, then he learned various sciences from his
pedagogue; he learned horseback riding [and]
archery. [K-d§] <tiravej>
tlrSj f. (-a;-e). 1) ray, beam (of light): sunbeam;
sunlight entering through an opening; ray of light;
gleam, lit. & fig.; light [tirej]: -tireja tave (Z-2)
sunbeam; -tir§jn§d tav§ (Ba2) sun’s rays; 2)
radiation, emanation; shining [tirejn]; 3) long, thin
object (e.g., field, carpet), shaft (Kzl). [also: tirij (IFb-
2); tirejn (Ba2/K-2/A/B); tirenc (K-2); tirenj (B-2);
[teirij] j^p (JJ); <tiroj> y^p (HH)} Sor ti§k Jjp>
[Z-2/K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK/Kzl//JJ//Ba2/A/B//HH] <roj; fonahi;
roni I; tav>
tirejn jjj^-p (Ba2/K/A/B) = sunbeam, ray. See tirej.
tirenc (K) = sunbeam, ray. See tirej.
tirenj yfj m ^p (B) = sunbeam, ray. See tirej.
tirik .J \^p (IFb/TF/CB) = rolling pin. See tirok.
tiri ^p (IFb) = hail[stones]. See teyrok.
Tirm»e ( ;»e) (K/B) = July. See Tirmeh.
Tirmeh Jt^^p f ( ;-e). July, [also: Termeh (IFb-2);
Tirm»e ( ;*e) (K/B-2); [tirme] ^^p (JJ); [tirmeh] (BG)}
[syn: T’emuz} Cf. P tir[mah] [oL]^p; corresponds to
last part of Germaciman j^Pugper (P tir
^p) [Cancer] & 1st part of Xermanan (P
murdad jIj^) [Leo] [K/JJ//JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK/BG]
tirok JjC-p f(Bw)/m.(OK) (-a/ ; ). long, tbin rolling pin
for making bread, {also: tirik (IFb/TF/CB)} <tir =
’arrow’ + -ik = diminutive suffix. Sor tirok Jj^p =
'tbin kind of rolling pin’ [BW/K(s)/OK//IFb/TF/CB]
<nan; sel; xanik>
tiro§ J^p (Qzl) = bandage. See teri§.
tirvan (A) = arcber. See tiravej.
ti§ I Jip f. (). crack, split, fissure: *Welle li we tax£
ti§ek bi ‘ewreki ketiye, gflye bi hev ve
bidiru, ewe nuka were! (LM, p.21) In that part of
town a cloud developed a fissure, he went to sew it
together, and he'll be back any minute, [also: ti§k
(Ag)} [syn: derz; kel§; terk} [LM/AD//Ag]
ti§ II Jip (GF) = bandage. See teri§.
ti§k J pp (Ag) = crack. See ti§ I.
titi I L y-p = lark. See teti.
t’iti li ( pp (K/JJ) = thirst. See t’in II.
tivil JJLp mJf.(JJ) ( /-a; ). skin (of fruit), peel, shell,
rind: -tivil kirin (IFb/OK) to peel, [also: tofil (TF);
tovil (IFb-2/OK-2); [towil] (JJ); <tovil> (HH);
<tivil> JjLp (Hej)} [syn: qalik; qa§il; qelp II} = Sor
twekil [tokil] Jiuy/tokil JSp'/tekul J \jfip\ Hau tokil m.
(M4) [Bw/IFb/OK/Hej/AA//JJ//HH//TF]
t’iy ijP (HB/A/IF/Haz) = brother-in-law. See t’i II.
• •
t’iza )pp m.tkf. (-y§/-ya; ). child of one’s husband’s
brother (from the woman’s perspective), nephew or
niece (of one’s husband). <t’i II = ’brother-in-law' +
-za = ’offspring’; = Sor hewerza [Bw] cbrazi;
xwarzi>
624
to Ip m. (-§; ). 1) thin layer, film, skin (on milk, etc.);
layer of cream on top of yoghurt; 2) \syn: toxavk)
cream; clotted cream; soured or cultured cream:
• Kevaniya mal§ §iv tine datine ber mdvane
xwe. Nan, pener, to, qat’ix, de gi xwed£
kiribu qismet tine datine ser t’exte (Z-842)
The lady of the house brings dinner and places it
before her guest. Bread, cheese, cream, yoghurt, in
short whatever happened to be there, she places on
the board •§ir£ min bira ge be—toe mine p’ak
be (Dz) Let my milk be good, [and] my cream will
be fine [prv.]. [also: tu III (A); [to]p (JJ); (HH))
Cf. Southern Tati dialects: Chali, Eshtehardi, &
Xiaraji tu m. ; Takestani tuya f. - ’cream’ (Yar-
shater); P top = 'skin formed on the surface of milk’;
Sor twej j3p = 'thin layer, film, skin on liquid' &
Y
twejal JljSp = ’cream 1 IMsr/F/K/B/lFb/OK//HH//A/j]]
<mast; qat’ix; §ir; toraq>
to IIp (SK/JBl-A) = you (sing.], thou. See tu I.
t’ob*e f. ( repentance. t’obe kirin
(IFb/B/JJ/SK/OK) to repent, [also: tewbe (SK-2);
t’obet (K-2); [tobe] <yp (JJ); <tobe> (HH]} <Ar
tawbah pp (<Syr Vt-w-b = ’to return, repent’]; Sor
tobe -up [RN/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK]
Pobedar _Jj<qp (RN) = penitent. See t’obekar.
t’obekar jlT-up adj. penitent, having mended one’s
ways: *Daimi xiyala §eytani ew e, weliyan u
sofiyan ft tobekaran ji r@ka behe§t6 ft
necatd der§xit (SK 4:42) The devil’s thoughts are
always directed toward leading holy and pious and
repentant men astray from the road to paradise and
salvation, [also: tewbeker (SK-2); t’obedar (RN);
[tobekar] jlfkp (JJ-G)} Sor tobekar jlfkp
[RN/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/OK] <t’obe>
t’obet (K) = repentance. See t’obe.
tofan/t’ofan [K/JBl-A] jUp f. ( ;-e). 1) [syn: lemi§t;
selav [2]) flood, inundation, deluge: *Belki
tofanek bazirgan§ te rabe, t’emama xerq
bike (Ba3-3, #25) Perhaps a flood will engulf your
caravan, [and] drown everyone; 2) [syn: bager;
bahoz; barove) storm, [also: [toufan] jlpL (JJ);
<tofan> (jlph (HH)) <Ar tufan jlpL (<Vt-w-f = 'to
overflow its banks'); T tufan; cf. Sor tof jp = ’storm 1
[Ba3/K/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/TF//JJ] <avrabun; lehi;
selav; §ip>
tofil Jsp (TF) = peel, shell. See tivil.
tohv di&p (TF) = seed, grain. See tov.
tok Jp (EP-7) = hoop; necklace. See t’oq.
tol I Jp m&f. (). 1) profligate, libertine (K); adulterer
(m.), adultress, whore [f.]; 2) [syn: xort) young man,
youth (HH); 3) [adj.] [syn: tolaz} idle, out of work,
unemployed (Haz). [also: [tol] Jp (JJ); <tol>
(HH)) (tolayi) [Haz/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH] <zinek’ar>
tol II Jp f. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: heyf [1]) revenge,
vengeance: • [0 dayim Herki li tola xllna
Terlan Axayi digeriyan] (JR #27,83) And the
Herkis [a tribe] are always seeking to avenge the
blood of Terlan Agha; -tol [bi]deranin
(JR)/—girtin (GF/OK)/~ hilanin (K)/~a xwe
hildan (K)/~a xwe rakirin (OK)/~ standin
(K/JJ/GF/OK)/~vekirin (K/SK/GF/OK/Bw) [+ji]: a)
to take revenge (on), avenge o.s. (on), pay (s.o.) back
for: *[Ewi daxm ... her guhdar bu da rojeke
derfete bine fi ewe told ji Zeman Xani
biderine] (JR #39,120) He was always listening ...
so that one day he would have the chance to take
revenge on Zeman Khan; b) to avenge s.o.’s death;
-tol vebdn (M-Zx) to be avenged: •Ez ji gdm,
min ew k’afir ku§t, tola birayet min vebi
(M-Zx #756) I too went and killed the monster and
my brothers were avenged; 2) fine, mulct (SK/Zeb):
•§ex MuKemmed S.iddiq got, "Fi-l-fieqiqe
’adete ’e§ireti weto ye, emma 'edaweta
hingo do cihet hene. Y§k ’e§ireti ye, bila
ew ’e§ireti bit. Yek §exsi ye, bila ew bi tole
bit” (SK 50:542) Shaikh Muhammad Siddiq said,
’’Certainly this is the tribal custom, but your enmity
has two causes. One is tribal, let that be settled
tribally. One is personal and that must be (settled) by
a fine.” [also: tole II (A/SK/OK-2); [tol] Jp (JJ))
According to JJ, <Arc & Syr Vt-b- c = ’to
require, claim, avenge’ & tva'ta [Maclean
twatha] & NENA tula 1\^oIs/Usots = 'revenge' (note
c ^) & tola l^o\, = 'penalty': in NENA, from the
original root Vt-b- 1 b—> w & 1 —> 0 ; the -1 of Kurdish
tol could come from the prep, li (= 'to'), or from the
-th- of twatha becoming -1- (*twald: a standard vowel
shift in Jewish ’qlman' dialects of Iranian Kurdistan,
e.g., -utha -> -ula)
[JR/K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK/Bw//A/SK]]
tolayi f- (). adultery, [syn: tolazi) [K/B] <tol I>
••
tolaz j'jp m. (). 1) womanizer, casanova, lady's man;
profligate, libertine; adulterer; 2) idler, loafer [used
only of men]; rascal; 3) youth, young man: •Rojek§
gend tolazek ji cdan gtin e-p§§ der§ qesra
Sadiq Beg, gazi kirin [sic] (SK 26:237) One day
625
T
some Jewish youths went to the door of Sadiq Beg's
palace and called, [also: tolaze (K); [tolaz] Jlp (JJ);
<tolaz> (HH)} ( syn: tol I| Cf. Turoyo
taulaz/tolaz = 'frivolous, vagabond, adulterer'
(Ritter) (tolazi) [Haz/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/TF//HH//K]
<zinek’ar>
tolaze ojfp (K) = womanizer, profligate, adulterer. See
tolaz.
tolazi ^yp' f. (). adultery, [syn: tolayi} [K/A/Haz]
••
<tolaz>
tole I *Jp (IFb) = hunting dog. See t’tlle.
tole II «Jjp' (A/SK/OK) = revenge. See tol II.
tolek J <dp (OK) = mallow. See tolik.
tolg j5jp (AA) = mallow. See tolik.
tol*ik [Zeb/Dh/Hk/HH]/tolik JJp f.
(•ka;*ike). mallow, bot. Malva sylvestris , an edible
plant [T ebegiimeci, Ar xubbaz jL^/xubbayz y^o., P
panirak jl>]. [also: tolek (OK); tolg (AA); [tolk]
JJp (JJ-G); <tolik> (HH)) Sor toleke of'dp
[Dh/Zeb/Qzl/HH//K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF/CB//OK//JJ-G//AA]
t’omeri ^^p f (-ya;-ye). 1) entirety, all; totality: *bi
t’omeriya cindiye Cizireva (Z-l) with all (=the
totality of) the nobles of Jezirah; - [hi] t’omeri (K)
wholly, entirely, completely; 2) sum, total; result; 3)
Ui
generality, universality. ? < Ar tumm p = ’whole'
[Z-l/K/B] <lap; t’evahi>
t’op I f. (). mob, crowd, gathering: -t’op bUn = to
gather, assemble (vi.) (syn: berhev bun; civin; k’om
bun; xir ve bun); -t’op kirin (B) to gather, assemble
(vt.) , round up [syn: berhev kirin; civandin; k’om
kirin; xir ve kirin): •G’eleka we dewer t’opi
ser hev dike (J) Her cow gathers the cattle together.
Cf. T toplamak = 'to gather, to collect’ [syn: k’om)
[F/J/K/JB3/IFb/B/GF]
t’op II v jp/top [SK] /. (-a;-e). 1) [syn: gog [l]; hoi
1} ball; 2) cannon, [also: [top] v y>‘(JJ); <t[o]p>
(HH)) Cf. T top = ’ball’; Sor top <jp = ’ball, roll, bale,
total, gun’; Hau tope f. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH/SK]
t’opal Jbjj adj. lame, cripple: ®Ez ne j[i] t’opalim,
ji p’iya / ne kerrim, ji guha / ne §ilim, ji
desta (FK-kk-13:124) I am neither lame in the feet /
nor deaf in the ears / nor limp in the hands •Min
boxeki strfi-§kesti, g’e’veki kor, lingeki
t’opal dit (EP-4) I have seen a buck with one
broken horn, blind in one eye, lame in one foot.
[also: [topal] (JJ)} [syn: leng) < T topal = ’lame’
{t’opali} [K/B/JJ]
t’opali /. ( ;-ye). lameness. [K/B] <t’opal>
topan jbp’ (Wn/Xrz)/topan jLjt (Twn) = harrow. See
t’apan.
t’opavej P^^P m . Q. artillerist, artillery gunner,
cannoneer, (syn: t’opgi) [K/IFb/GF]
t’opgi (_y*>P /topgi [SK] m. Q. artillerist, artillery
♦ * ••
gunner, cannoneer, [also: [toptchi] (JJ)) [syn:
t’opavej) < T topgu = cannoneer' [K/B//JJ/SK]
t’oq ipp m. (). 1) hoop, circle; 2) necklace, chain: -tok
u bent (EP-7) neckchain, woman’s adornment made
of silver coins, [also: tok (EP-7); [tok] (JJ)} < Ar
tawq = 'circle, hoop' [EP-7//K/JJ/GF]
t’of I Jp f.(B/JJ/JB3)/m.(K) ( /-a; /-§). fishnet,
fisherman's net: # [roeke targl bahra tjr davitin targia
badar xfstin go’anikl bahre] (LC-1) One day
fishermen threw their nets into the sea, and brought
out a sea colt # Iro, torvanan tora xwe av§tine
behr§ bi gend ciyan e, / Ketiye nava tor&
ti§teki girane (LT) Today the firshermen cast their
nets into the sea in a few places, / There fell into the
net something heavy *Bi k’otek t’ora xwe
k’i§andin, ko vaye ce’nueki hespa di
t’or§daye (Z-2) They pulled in the net with great
force, and lo and behold there was a horse's foal in
it. [also: [tor] jp (JJ); [tar] Jj (LC)} [syn: merat) Cf.
Pashto & Wakhi tor = 'net'; P tor jp = ’net’; T tor =
'fine-meshed net(ting)'; Sor tor Jp = 'net'. According
to G. Doerfer, this is a loanword from Chagatay. See
his “Ein altosmanisches Lautgesetz im Kurdischen,”
Wien er Zeitsclirift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes ,
62 (1969), 258-59 & 261. [DM/K/JB3/IFb/B/J]/GF//LC]
cmasi; t’orvan>
t’of II jp adj. wild, savage: # Tu tor bllyi? (Msr)
Have you gone mad? [also: t’ori II (K)( [syn: goli I;
k’uvi; weh§ [3]) < Ar turl (SJ3 lb = 'wild' (< tur j^o =
'mountain', cf. P kuhl = 'wild' [cf. K k’uvi] < kuh
Q p= 'mountain'); Sor tor Jp = 'unbroken (horse),
untrained, undisciplined’ [Msr//K] <hov>
torak JI jp (Kg/TF) = curds, creamy cheese, strained
yoghurt. See toraq.
torane <o1 Jp (). type of small, white grape which
ripens at the end of the season, in November. [Msr]
<tiri>
toraq ji Jp f. (-a;-<l). type of creamy cheese, strained
yoghurt [T gokelek, Rus tvorog TBopor] made
of yoghurt or dew [qv.] [Rus paxtan’e naxTaHte]
(B); low-quality cheese as opposed to high-quality
cheese (HH) [cf. Ar labane £~J/ laban musafM
626
T
^J, T siizme yogurt]; toraq is moist ,
whereas gortan is dry: •XurekS want Kert’im!
nane t’is! ri hine toraq bu (Ba2-3, p.213)
Their daily food was stale bread and some toraq.
{also: torak (Kg/TF); Borax (K[s]); [toraq] j^=> (JJ);
<turaq> p (HH)) Cf. Rus TBopor tvorog -
'curds, cottage cheese’ [Kg/TF//K/IFb/B/JJ/
GF/Krg//HH] <golik II; gortan; lorik; to I>
Borax yp (K[s]) = curds, creamy cheese, strained
yoghurt. See toraq.
t’orgi (K/B/Z-2) - fisherman. See t’orvan.
#<
torevan I pisojp m. (). man of letters, litterateur; writer;
scholar: •Hemft wejedostSn Kurd li ba§iire
Kurdistane vt navi dinasin, torevaneki
(wejevaneki) rezdar, birumet u
nt§timanperwer (Wit 2:73, p.13) All Kurdish
literature lovers in northern Kurdistan know this
name, a respected, renowned, and patriotic
litterateur, [syn: wejevan) [(neol)Wlt/IFh/GF/OK)
<nivisk 5 ar>
torevan II (ftojp (IFb) = fisherman. See t’orvan.
torim ^yp m.&f (). young camel, {also: torin I (GF);
torm (IFb)} {syn: k’ogek [4]; kudik [3]] cf. T
torum/tiiriin [Urfa +] = ’young camel' (DS, v. 10, p.
3970) [Qzl//IFb//GF] <deve; Ke§tir; lok’ II>
torin I pyp (GF) = young camel. See torim.
Borin II Qjp m. (). 1) man of noble descent, nohleman,
gentleman, member of the gentry: *Seva xatire
min—t’orin, nazik Ziney! (Z-l) For my sake,
noble, delicate Zin; 2) (syn: b[i]razi) nephew, son
of one’s brother; 3) [ adj .] noble; 4) picky, fussy.
{also: Porind; [torin] (JJ)) Cf. T torim =
'grandchild' & Arm Born [frnnA. = 'grandchild'
[Z-1/K/JB3/IF/B/JJ]
Porind jj yp = noble; fussy; nephew. See Borin II.
tor! I ^jpYt’ori ^yp [K] m.(OK)/f.(K) (). jackal, zool.
Canis aureus: *Qlu kes ne ma li gunda, tl be
xudan bftbiin, ft toriya ft bftma ji xwe ra
mesken kiribftn (BG, p.13) There was no one left
in the villages, and the jackals and owls had
inhabited them, {also: torik (IFb/GF-2); tftrik (Zeb);
tftri (Dh); [turf] ^p (JJ-G); <tori> (HH)} Cf. P
ture o p; Sor torik d yp (Hej)/turg ^fjsP (Arbil)
[BG/K/A/GF/OK//JJ-G//HH//IFb//Zeb//Dh]<kug , ik;
gur I; rovi I>
Pori II ^yp (K) = wild. See Bor II.
torik <£jp (IFb/GF) = jackal. See tori I.
torm ^.yp (IFb) = young camel. See torim.
t’orvan p\Sjp m. (). fisherman, angler: »D!t ku tevi
torvanan pir meriyan dest§n xwe av£tine
bene torane (LT) He saw that together with the
fishermen many men had grabbed the ropes of the
nets, {also: t’orgi (K-2/B/Z-2); torevan II (IFb); [targl]
(LC)] {syn: masigir) [DM/K//IF//B//LC-1] <masi;
Bor I>
tot o p: -tot bftn (K/B) to roll (vi.) , to come rolling
down; to fall down, collapse: *Weki ew [zinared
teriki] ni§keva ji cied xwe bileqyana, ew§
rast tot bibftyana ser gunde me (Ba2) If they
[the huge rocks] were suddenly to budge from their
place, they would come rolling straight at our
village; -tot kirin (B) to throw down, bring down.
{also: toto bun (K)} [Ba2/B//K]
totik I Jjp f. ( ;-e). cookie, biscuit: # Wexta k’ulfeta
sibe em-zar berevi ser hev dikirin, Her yeki
me totikek didane [sic] (Ba2-4, p.219) When the
women of the family gathered us children in the
morning, they gave each one of us a cookie, [also:
biskuwit] [Rwn/QtrE/Slm/Ba2/K/B/GF]
totik II Jjp (A/IFb) = type of bird. See tfttik.
toto bun ( j 33 j pp (K) = to roll. See tot: -tot bftn.
tov Jp m. (). 1) seed; grain; 2) \syn: dol I) sperm, {also:
tohv (TF); [tow] pp (JJ); <tov> (HH)) [Pok. teuk-
1085.] 'seed, progeny': Skt tuc & toka- n. =
'offspring, children’ & tokman- m. = 'young blade of
corn, harley, etc.'; Av taoxman- n. = 'seed; pi.
relatives’; Old P tauma- f. = ’clan, family, race'; Mid P
tom = ’seed, family' & tohmag = 'seed; stock, family'
(M3); P toxm > T tohum = ’seed' & P toxme
= 'seed; stock, family' & -dom in mardom ^=
'mankind, people’; Sor tow p & tuxm ^p\ Hau tom
m. (M4). Perhaps the -x- in P toxm(e) is a borrowing
from some non-Persic dialect. [AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/
B/JJ/GF//HH//TF] See also Poxim. <dan II; dendik;
tovik>
tovik iJjpo m. (). seed(s), as sunflower seeds, pumpkin
seeds, and other edible seeds: -tovket §iti (Bw)
watermelon seeds. [Bw] <dendik; tov>
tovil Jj p (IFb/OK/JJ)/tovil (HH) = peel, shell. See tivil.
toxavk d3U.jp f. ( ; -e). cream; clotted cream; soured
or cultured cream, {also: toxavk (F/B); [tou-khaw
jUy/tou khaf Jiiy] (JJ)) (syn: to I) [K//F/B//JJ] <to>
t’oxim p£p m. (-e; ). 1) seed; grain: -Dae, xelq
Poxim dir£§ine (J) Mom, people are sowing grain;
2) {syn: dol I) sperm; 3) {also: tuxm (IFb); <tuxm> ^
(HH)) lineage, genealogical descent (HH). < P toxm
627
T
psJ — > T tohum--for etymology see tov.
[J/K/B/GF//IFb/HH] <dol I> See also tov.
toxavk JU'lpp* (F/B) = cream. See toxavk.
t’oz jp f. ( ;-e). dust; powder; dirt: -t’oz u xubar, f.
(Z-l/B) dust, {also: [toz] j (]J); <tuz> jp (HH)) < T
toz; Sor toz jp = 'dust' [Z-l/L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/
JJ/GF/TF//HH]
traf ol p (IFb) = embers. See tiraf.
trambel p (IFb) = automobile. See trimbel.
trar J\p (GF/JJ) = copper water cup. See tirar.
trimb£l QC-c p f. (). automobile, can •'O' ben §ar et
Bexdaye ne wek nuha d fireh bun, trimbel
nebun, t’eyara nebun (JBl-S #215) And before,
the streets of Baghdad were not wide like they are
now, there were no cars, no planes, {also: terembel
(HYma); t[i]rambel (IFb); tirimbel (TF); trumpel
(Zeb/JBl-S-2); trumbel (K)} < automobile < Gr auto
= '(by) itself + Lat mobilis = 'moving, mobile 1
[JBl-S//IFb//TF//Zeb//K//HYma] <piqab>
trumpel jLy^p (Zeb/JBl-S) = automobile. See trimbel.
trumbel JPy&p (K) = automobile. See trimbel.
trusk eL^p f. (). lightning bolt; flash of lightning, {also:
tiri§ke (IFb)) Sor tiri§qe ojvpp = 'stroke of lightning 1
[Wn/GF//IFb] <birusk>
tu I p prn. (te). you (sing.), thou; thee: •Pismam, ez a
tbinim eto pite p min nakey, eto ye gdye
bajera, biladet mazin, ete jin£t cwan yet
ditin, noke te ez nevem (M-Ak #633) Cousin, I
see that you are not interested in me, you have been
to towns and great countries and seen beautiful
women, now you do not want me. {also: eto (M-
Ak/SK-2); to II (SK/JBl-A-2); [tou]p (JJ); <tu>p
(HH)) [Pok tu-, gen. t(e)ue, dat. toi/tebh(e)i, acc. te
1097.] 'second person singular pronoun' [Kent:
*tuuom and not *tu]: Skt tuvam; O Ir *tuvam (gen.
*tava) (Tsb 19): Av tvem (Old Av)/tum (Young
Av)/*tuv 0 m; OP tuvam (acc. Quvam, gen. [-]taiy)
(Kent); Mid P to (M3); P to p; Sor to p/etopoo] Za ti
(obi.: to) (Todd) [BX/K/JB3/IFb/B/J)/JBl-A&S/GF/
TF/OK//HH//SK//M-Ak] <cenab>
t’u II p . 1) [+ neg.] none, not any, no: *Dibejin di
nihalekida riwiek hebd. ... bazeberek hebd,
riwi le derbaz dibu her wexte Kez kiriba. ...
Marek ji di w§ nihal^da hebd. Nedi§ya li
bazeberi derbaz bibit. Zor Kez dikir ew ji
weki riwi hat-u-gone biket, gu gare nedit
(SK 2:9) They say that there was a fox (living) in a
ravine. ... There were stepping-stones and the fox
crossed over whenever he liked. ... There was also a
snake in that ravine. He could not cross over the
stepping-stones. He very much wanted to come and
go like the fox, but could see no solution; -t’u car =
never; -t’u gax = never; -t’u kes (K/JB3) no one,
nobody; -t’une [pi. t’unene] = there is (are) not [^
heye, pi. hene]; -t’uti§t (K) nothing; -t’u wext =
never; 2) any: *b6i tu di§wariy£ (BX) without any
difficulty *T’u lawe te hene? = Do you have any
children? {also: gu (Zx/JBl-A&S/SK/OK-2); t’i I (Z-3);
[tou p/ciu *=w] (JJ)) [K/(A)/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/OK//Zx/
i
JB1-A&S/SK]
tuP p (Qzl) = lump. See tulK.
tulK ^Jp f. (). lump, swelling node, rounded
protuberance, {also: tul c (Qzl)) [Qrj//Qzl] <gene; gire>
tuli Jp (Klk) = fingertip. See till I[2).
tuli ^Jp (Hk) = finger. See till I.
#•
t’ulusm[e] [o.\^jJp - talisman, charm. See t’ilism.
tuncik «kpp (Rw§) = lock of hair. See t’uncik.
tund ^op adj. sharp, violent, fierce, vehement:
•Muroek [ =mirovek ] hebd ji c e§ireta
Surgiyan, daxili qeza Akre, nawe wi £ Eli
bd: gelek dewletmend bd ... emma daimi
tund iu tebi c et-nexo§ bd (SK 14:135) ... Dayka
EKmed ji, "Esmer" digotine [sic], gunku digel
c Eli Te§qelan ra-baribd, ew ji weki wi tund
d tij bd (SK 14:143) There was once a man of the
Surchi tribe, in the district of Akre, whose name was
Ali: he was very rich ... but he was always fierce and
bad-tempered (135) ... Ahmad's mother, who was
called "Asmar," because she had lived with Ali the
Cheat, was also fierce and sharp like him (143)
•Tahir Axa zor tund e, emma em weto
texmin dikeyn ku bo zate hingo gu gotinan
naket, belku de memndn bit (SK 42:406) Tahir
Agha is very fierce, but we consider that he will not
say anything about you, rather he will be grateful.
{also: [tound] jjj (jj)i i syn: dir; xurt) Cf. Mid P tund =
'sharp, violent 1 (M3); P tund = ’swift; pungent,
acrid, sharp, hot'; Sor tund = 'tight, firm, strong,
violent, harsh, peppery, severe, angry, swiff; Za tun
= 'hot, spicy (of peppers)' (Mai) [K(s)/IFb/JJ/SK/TF]
tundi f. (). sharpness, violence, fierceness,
vehemence: *Ew §ole bi tundi g£ nabit: bi
tedbir d Kekimane d£ mumkin bit (SK 61:737)
This job cannot be done with violence [or, force], it
would only be possible with stratagem and cunning.
628
T
\syn: xurti} Cf. P tundi Sor tundi
[K(s)/IFb/SK/TF]
t’une yy [pi. t’unene). there is (are) not [past tense:
t’unebft, p/. t’unebfin]. {also: gunine (Ba§kale &
Belidini); [toune yy/tounine «uyy] (JJ); <tine
«uy/tinne «u?> (HH)) {^heye [pi. hene])
[K/A/IF/B/JJ//HH] <t’u II>
tu§tir^yyy f. ( one-year-old female goat
(IFb/CG/Ag/HH/JJ) [tychtour]; two-year-old
female goat (K/Haz/JJ) [tishtflr]; three-year-old
female goat (K); young female goat (up to the
first time it bears young) (B). [also: ti§tir (K/IFb-
2/CG/B/GF-2); [tychtour/tishtilr] {]]);
<te§tir> (HH)) Sor ti§tir^yuSJ = one-year-old
female goat' & gi§tir = 'young she-goat that
has been covered' [A/GF/Haz/Bsk/Ag//CG/
K/IFb/B//JJ//HH] <hizin>
tutin yy (TF) = tobacco. See t’itun.
t’uti§t c~yy/t’u ti§t y[B/GF] nothing, {also:
[tu-tustl] (jJXy (JJ)) < t’u = 'not' + ti§t = 'thing'
[K/IFb/B/GF//JJ] <t’u II>
tuxm ^yy (IF/HH) = lineage. See t’oxim.
t’£l I jy f. ( ;-y§). mulberry, bot. Moms: •Tuna
bine (BK) Bring some (mul)berries; 2) mulberry
tree (IFb): -dartti. (IFb)/dara ttite (K) mulberry
tree, laiso: Put ( ;-§) (K/B); [tou]y (JJ); <tu>y (HH))
Skt tuda & tula (Laufer, p.582) --> Ar tut oy--> T
dut; Sor tu_«y = 'mulberry'
[BK/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/TF/OK/AA//K/B]
t’u II ^y: -t’u kirin (K) to spit, expectorate: *Hevraz
t’ftkim - simele, berjdr t’ftkim - rdye (Dz -
#665) If I spit upward, there's my moustache, if
I spit downward, there’s my beard [prv.] (i.e.,
damned if I do, damned if I don't: cf. T A§agi
tiikursem sakal, yukan tiiktirsem biyik). {also:
tif kirin (A/IF); Puf kirin (K-2); [tiw/touw kirin]
fc (JJ); <tifkirin (tifdike) (HH))
[Dz/K/B//IFb/A/HH/GF//JJ] See also t’if & t’uk II.
tu Illy (A) = skin (on milk ); cream. See to.
ttidya L jy (). plant which ripens in the fall, containing
yellow powder used as cure for eye disorders. Cf. T
tutya [Nizip -Gaziantep] = 'a remedy for eyeaches,
spread on the eye like collyrium [surme]' (DS, v.10,
p. 4002). [B§k]
Puf oy (K) = saliva. See t’if & t’u II.
tftj _y adj . 1) sharp (knife): -ttij kirin = to sharpen,
whet, hone: *Guro, tu dirand xwe tftjke (J)
Wolf, sharpen your teeth!; 2) j syn: dijwar [3]) hot,
spicy (onions, jaji on its way to going bad, etc.: cf.
dijwar, of peppers, tobacco, kari II [qv.]) (Bw); 3)
severe: *§ovenizm li Kurdistane her guye
thjtir bftye (Ber) Chauvinism in Kurdistan has
become increasingly more severe, {also: tij
(HB/Bw/SK/GF-2); [touj] jy (JJ); <tuj> Jy (HH)) Cf.
Mid P tez = 'quick; sharp' (M3); P tlzyj; Sor tund-u-
tij y j jjy = 'hot, spicy, peppery'; =Za tun; Hau tej
(M4) (tujahi; tujayi; tuji) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF//
HB/Bw/SK]
tujahi (K) = sharpness; spiciness. See ttiji.
tujayi ^Ijy (K/B) = sharpness; spiciness. See tuji.
ttiji ^j y f Q. 1) sharpness; 2) spiciness, {also: tujahi
(K); tujayi (K/B)) [K/IF/GF//B] <tuj>
t’uk I Jy f (-a;-e). 1) {syn: pirg’) hair (of animals),
fur; hair of the body las opposed to hair of the headI
(B§k): *Dina xwe dad, Bord wi disa mina
here anede doxme buye, t’uka sipi dewsa
brina §in buye (EP-7) He looked and saw that Bor
(=his horse) was as good as new [T anadan dogma],
that white hair was growing over the wound; 2)
down, fluff; feather(s) (HB/K); 3) soft, fluffy hair
(K/A). {also: [touk] Jy (JJ); <tuk> Jy (HH)) Cf. T tuy
= 'hair, feather'. According to G. Doerfer, T tuy is
from older T tiik < tu + the diminutive suffix -k:
hence Kurdish preserves the older form. See his “Ein
altosmanisches Lautgesetz im Kurdischen,” Wiener
Zeitschrift fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 62
(1969), 259 8c 261. [HB/EP-7/MC-l/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/B§k] <p’or III>
t’ftk II .Jy f. ( ;-e). saliva, spit, spittle, sputum: -t’ftk
kirin: a) to spit, expectorate (K/B/JJ); b) to poo-poo
stg., treat with contempt (B). {also: tu II; [touy/touk
.Jy] (JJ); <tuk> Jy (HH)) (syirava dev; girez; t’if) Cf.
T tiikiiruk = 'saliva, spit(tle)' [F/K/IF/B/JJ/HH/GF] See
also t’if & t’u II.
fill• e <Jy m. (•§;•£). puppy, young dog (Wn/K);
small hunting dog; hairless dog (IF), {also: tole I (IFb);
[toule] Jy (JJ); <tule> Jy (HH))
[Wn/F/K/A/B/JJ/HH//IFb] <kug’ik; se>
t’dm p^y m. (). bush, shrub; a thorny bush which
grows on mountainsides, whose thick branches are
cut and burnt as firewood (Ig): *Xwe da ber
tftmeki (L) He hid behind a bush, {syn: devi; kem;
k’ol III; t’era§ II) [L/F/K/A/B]
t’hncik JLyy f. ( ;-d). lock of hair, tuft of hair
(hanging down over forehead), forelock: • Anku
bes e ku bibdjin Kurd daba§a (bahsa)
629
T
biskan, gavan ft xiyala guliyan xi tunciken
xwe§ik bikin (Rw§ #2, p. 15) In other words,
enough of saying that Kurds investigate [only] curls
of hair, eyes, and imaginings of beautiful bangs and
locks, {also: tuncik (Rw§); [toumdjik] (JJ);
<tuncik> (HH)) [Rw§//F/K/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
<bisk; gull I; kezi; mu; ne’tik; p’or I>
ttir I m. (-£; ). bag, sack; small sack (HH): •TtirS
virekan tim qul e (AB) The liars’ bag always has a
hole in it; -tur §andin (IFb) to send gifts [in a sack]
at the occasion of a wedding, engagement,
circumcision, etc. {also: [tour j^'/tourik J u y ] (JJ);
<tur> jy (HH)) {syn: cendik (M-Ak/OK))
[AB/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/K§]
ttire§k /. (). blackberry, bramble, bot. Rubus
fruticosus. {syn: dirik; stir! I) [IFb/OK]
turik jAj&I J(Zeb) = jackal. See tori I.
turi C 5 ^»'/ C ^jy (Dh) = jackal. See tori I.
T’urki (K) = Turkey. See T’irkiye.
« ■
tUs j* m. (-e; ). in a game , anything with which the
gog [ball, puck, etc.] is hit, such as Ping-Pong
paddle, baseball or cricket bat, tennis racket. [Bw]
<gog>
t’ti§ I f. Q. 1) glade, clearing; 2) hollow,
depression (geog.) . [EP-7/K]
tti§k d-ioy / m. (-§; ). rice husk: -td§k@ birinci
(Zeb) do. [Zeb] cbirinc I; geltuk; pu§k>
Put ( ;-§) (K/B) = mulberry. See t’u I.
tHt®ik f. (*ka; ). word designating different types
of bird: 1) {syn: miri§k) chicken (Msr/Frq); 2) {syn:
qumri) turtledove (HH). {also: totik II (A/IFb);
<tutak> (HH)) [Msr//A/IF//HH]
PuPin (M-Zx) = tobacco. See Pittin.
ttizik J f. ( ;-e). plant with pungent leaves used in
salads that grows on banks of river: watercress, bot.
Nasturtium officinale, {also: <tuzik> (HH)) (syn:
kizmas; piz) [Btm(ttatftatke)/IFb/HH/GF/Qzl]
<re§ad>
Pxub (EH) = border. See t’ixtib.
■
630
ulm pJjS/pJj m. (-e; ). 1) ( syn: zanin [3]; zanyari}
knowledge; 2) {syn: zanisti) science; -ology; 3)
subject (of study), (scholarly) discipline, {also:
’ilm (SK); [ilm] (JJ); <’ilm> ^ (HH)) < Ar ‘ilm
jJp -> T ilim [F/K/B//HH/SK//JJ]
ulmdar J\ m. (-§; ). scholar; scientist:
• Lomonosov ulmdare tirisayi mezine
(B) Lomonosov is a great Russian scholar.
{ulmdar[t]i} [K2-Ferik/F/K/B] <ulm>
ulmdari /. ( ;-y§). learning,
M M
erudition, scholarship, {also: ulmdarti (B-2))
[F/B/K] <ulmdar>
ulmdarti jIaJj (B) = erudition. See
M ••
ulmdari.
ummet (SK/HH) = community of Islam.
See omet.
uncuz (EP-7) = wild plant. See
inctlz.
unda (B) - lost. See winda.
urz (IFb/AA/OK) = cedar. See wurz.
usa Ly/Lj (B) = thus, so. See wisa.
ussa (B/IS) = thus, so. See wisa.
ussan (IS) = thus, so. See wisa.
uti (OK) = [flat] iron. See fit 5 !
••
9
631
u
ft conj. and. Cf. P o / va 3 [K/JB3]
ulojJjy (L/K) = so, thus. See wilo.
umud f. (K) = hope. See omid.
un (Z-2/F) = you. See hun.
universite (GF) = university. See
dniv£rsite.
universite /. (). university, {also:
universite (GF); universitet (B)) ( syn: zaningeh)
[F/K//GF//B]
universitet (B) = university. See
dniv£rsite.
dr _^*j/ c dr [GF/Msr] m. (). bowels, entrails,
intestines, guts: - c ur u pizur (Msr)/hur u p’izdr
(B)/dr d Tovi (Dz) entrails, tripe, organs situated
in the abdominal cavity: • ... u dr u Tovi ji
Tovira danin (Dz) ... and he left the entrails for
the fox *‘£lr d pizdr, para xezdr, ser d
pepik, para metik (Msr) Intestines and undesirable
parts [are] the father-in-law’s portion,
the head and trotters are the maternal aunt’s portion
(this is part of a folk poem which indicates how the
parts of a slaughtered goat or sheep are divided
among family members), {also: hur II (A);
£
Hur (B); [hour] (JJ); [uhhr] (JJ-G); <’ur> u (HH)}
{syn; p’izur; rodi; rovi II) [Dz//A/JJ//B//HH/GF/Msr]
<rovi II>
Uris (F/K/JB3) = Russian. See Rus I.
u§i (JB3/IFb/GF/Bw) = bunch of grapes. See gd§i.
••
d§t o . cause, reason: • Gotina “b£par kirin”
yan ji “maf ji dest girtin” bi gelek u§tan ve
gir£dayi ye (Ber 5/86, p. 15) The [use of] the term
“to deprive” or “to remove one’s rights” may depend
on several things [lit. 'causes'], {also: u§te (OK)) {syn:
eger II; sebeb; sedem) (neol)Ber/IFb//OKJ
u§te (OK) = reason. See d§t.
utel f. (). hotel: *Eze uteleke te de gekim
(L) I’ll make a hotel out of it (lit. 'in it'), {also: otel
(K-2/JB3)) [L/K//JB3]
ut’i j&5 f. ( ;-ye). iron, flatiron: -ut’o kirin
(K)/dt’u/dt’d kirin (B) to iron, press, {also: oti
(IFb-2/OK); uti (OK-2); ut’o (K); ut’u (B-2); ut’u (B)}
< T iitii, cf. Rus utiug yTior [K/IFb/GF//OK//K//B]
ut’o (K) = [flat]iron. See dt’i.
ut’u(B) = [flat]iron. See dt’i.
ut’uj^^j (B) = [flat]iron. See dt’i.
-va U (Z-l) = prepositional suffix. See -ve.
va I U. here! (presentative) [voici; voila]: •Vame ez
digim ber g@m (AB) Here I am going to the river;
-vaye (K) here he/she/it is!: •Vaye, xorteki
geliki espehi hatiye (L) Here a very handsome
youth has come •Vaye min ji te re go§t ani
(L) Here I've brought you some meat, {also: vae
(IF); vaye (B/GF); [vaya/we] (JJ); <va> U (HH))
[K/HH//IFb//B/GF//JJ]
va II U (Ad) = this, these. See ev.
vae (IF) = here! See va I.
vaje (B) = hackward. See vaji.
vaji adj. backward, inverted, reversed; upside
• »
down; inside out. {also: vaje (B); waji (SK); [waji
^li/vaji (}}); <vaji> (HH)) P vazun
^Vvazgun - 'upside down, inverted, upset';
Sor aweju^>*15 = 'reversed, back to front'
[Frq/F/K/(A)/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF//B//SK]
vala adj. empty, vacant, {also: [wala ‘Vb/vala *Vy
(JJ); <vale> JlS (HH)) { 53 m; betal; bo§ I; ^t’iji)
(valahi; valayi; [walati] (JJ); <valehi>
(HH)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF//HH]
valahi (Ber/JB3/IFb/GF) = emptiness; idleness.
••
See valayi.
vala*yi ^^b f. («ya;«ye). 1) emptiness; vacancy; 2)
idleness (JJ). {also: valahi (Ber/JB3/IFb/GF-2);
[walati] ^b (JJ); <valehi> ^b (HH))
[K/A/B/GF/TF//Ber/JB3/IFb//JJ//HH] <vala>
valiti ^jxJb (BK) = province; governorship. See
waliti.
varik Jjb f. ( ;-e). 1) i syn: cucik; g’elik) chick,
young of chicken; 2) female chicken, hen
(IFb/HH/SK). {also: <varik> Jjb (HH))
[K/A/IFb/B/HH/SK/GF ]
varqilin vi. (-varqil-). to come to one’s
senses, become aware of, realize: «Bi pe§vegftna
zanyariya xwe ya siyasi ve, ez li realita
xwe varqilim (Ber #7, p.9) As my political
knowledge progressed, I became aware of my
reality *Meyro bi denge mere xwe ra li xwe
v’arqili ft dest§ xwe di ber xwe ra ber da
(MB-Meyro) Her husband’s voice brought Meyro to
her senses, and she put her hand down.
[(neol)Ber/MB]
vatini ^b f. (-ya; ). duty, obligation; service
(military) : •Ciye vatiniya min a le§keri
bil (Ber #7, p.9) The place of my military service
was mush. f(neol)Ber/IFb/TF] <peywir; wezife>
vaye 4 J 3 (B/GF) = here! See va I.
-ve *3 psp. postpositional suffix indicating association
(together with), used in conjunction with
prepositions , or alone in certain dialects : 1) with,
accompanied by (an animate being) [e.g., bi...
-ve]: •Bi jina xwe ve hat (GF) He came
together with [accompanied by] his wife •Rojeke
Zina delal bi k’oma cariyava Xas-baxg@
bave xweda gelek! geriyan (Z-l, p. 46) One
day Lovely Zin with a group of her maidservants
took a long stroll in her father’s private gardens;
-bi gund ve (Bw) out and about, visiting around
the village: •Ez nemame bi gund ve = Ez
negUme derve (li nav gund) = I didn't stay out
late, I came home early; -pSkve [=bi ek
ve](Bw/Dh/Zeb/GF) together; 2) and [u ...-ve]:
• Al-p’a§a diwane giregire diwaneva
§ewirin bona zewaca Meme (Z-l, p.48) Al-
pasha and the noblemen of his diwan deliberated
about the marriage of Mem 'Em Al-p’a§a,
pirejina wi Mem§ delalva bih£lin §eher§
Muxurzemineda (Z-l. p.45) Let us leave Al-
pasha, his old wife and Meme delal in the city of
Mukhurzemin; 3) with (showing the manner in
which stg. is done): bi van xebered
eviniyeva herda hevdu Kemez kirin
xewra grin (Z-l, p.47) And with these words of
love they embraced and went to sleep; 4) from [=
ji...-ve]: -dUrva (K/B)/ji dflrve (BX/GF) from
afar, in the distance: «Mem§ geleki ji cotk’ari
dur k’etibu, dina xwe da, durva siyareki
we daye pey kareke xezala (Z-l, p.52) When
Mem had gotten very far from the farmer, he
looked and saw in the distance someone mounted
on a horse pursuing a fawn, {also: -va (Z-l)) Sor
-ewe 05 *- [BX/GF/OK//Z-1]
ve«behin vi. (ve-beh-). to lose control of
o.s., and to fall (bedesti); to be startled, {also: [we-
bihin] (JJ)) {syn: *helbehin (Zeb)) [Dh//JJ]
ve«bftn vi. (ve-b-). l) to open (vi.) , be
opened: •Deri vebti (B) The door opened;
-beta vebtin (K) to vanish, disappear {syn: ji ber
633
V
winda bun; red bun; roda gun): *Kale li ber
p’ad§§ beta vedibe (Z-921) The old man
vanishes from the king's midst; 2) to bloom,
blossom, open up (flowers) : *Bahar hat, gul
vebftn (B) Spring has come, the flowers have
bloomed, [also: [we-boun] q±> (JJ); cvebun
(vedibe) C < v^0 > (HH)}
[Z-921/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF] <vekirin>
vebfiy! 4 adj./pp. 1) open(ed) (JJ/GF); 2) open
(of flowers), in bloom; 3) [syn: sivik; zer I) light (of
tea) (Bw); light (of color), [also: [we-boui] ^ ^ (JJ))
cf. T agik = 'open; light (of tea)' [Bw/JJ/GF]
<vebun>
ve*ciniqin vi. (ve-ciniq-). 1) to start with
surprise, be startled; to shudder (B); to be alarmed,
frightened; to be disturbed or upset (animals) (JJ):
• [Weku hestir nSztiki min bflyin hej §ev ft
tari btl ji min veciniqin ticard ku li ser
bareki suwar bti. ji hestiri kete 'erde] (JR)
When the mules approached me it was already
dark [lit. 'night and dark'], they were startled by
me, and the merchant who was seated atop a load
fell off his mule onto the ground; 2) to rouse o.s.,
wake up suddenly (vi.) , wake with a start: • [in a
version of the epic of Dimdim, a fly exits through a
sleeping shepherd's nostril, flies about, then re¬
enters his nostril] §ivan veciniqi, sere xwe
bilind kir u Ki§yar bu (EP-8) The shepherd
started, raised his head and woke up. [also: [we-
djenekin] (JJ); cvecineqin
(vediceniqi) (HH)) [EP-
8/JR/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF//HH//JJ]
ve*ginin vt. (ve-gin-). to darn (socks), [also:
<veginin (vedigini) ( C5 ^.jj)> (HH}1 Sor
ginin*ewe [Zeb/K/IFb/HH/GF/TF]
ve*dan vt. (ve-d-). 1) [+ bi] to bite, sting,
attack: *Bire min razai ne, tavile ev mar t§
bi wan vebide (L) My brothers are asleep, this
snake could come bite them *£av£ te li min
be, tu mar bi min venedin (L) Keep your eyes
on me, [so that] no snakes bite me *Mari p§ ve
da (IF) The snake struck; 2) [syn: k’olan III) to dig;
to scratch (the soil): *Mexbere Meme vedan (Z-
1) They dug up Mem’s grave; 3) [syn: vegirtin [3];
wergirtin) to return (a greeting) : *Gava Mem§ gfi
derda / selam da mir bi serda / Mir selam
'elSk 5 veda (EP-7) When Mem entered / he
greeted the prince first / the prince returned his
greeting; 4) to carry, resonate, sound (of sound,
voices) : -deng vedan (Bw/Wlt) to echo,
resound, make waves: •Me§a YRWK’e
[=Yekitiya Rew§enbirdn WelatparGz§n
KurdistanS] li Ewrflpaye deng veda (Wit)
The parade of the union of patriotic intellectuals of
Kurdistan made waves in Europe; 5) to set, lay
(trap); [syn: vegirtin [2]) to pitch, set up (tent)
(IF/JJ/HH): *[Li de§ta Gevere koned xwe
vedabfln] (JR #27, p.79) They had pitched their
tents in the plain of Gewer [=T Yliksekova]; 6) to
cease, stop, let up (rain, snow) : *Barane veda
em herin (IFb) It has stopped raining, let's go; 7)
[syn: hilk’i§andin; hilmi§tin; hildan; vemali§tin [2])
to roll up one's sleeves, [also: [we-dan] <£ QJ);
<vedan ^IaS (vedide) (ojaO > (HH))
[K/A/]B3/IFb/B/]]/HH/GF/TF]
veder jojai adj. 1) abroad, outside: -ji bajare
veder (GF) outside the city; 2) [syn: xewle)
isolated: *Ma me ev xebat ji bo gi p£k ant?
Ji bo ku em hesta leqewimin (magdur) ft
vederbftnS [=T di§lanma] a kurdan ji hol§
rakin (AW75A2) Why did we do this? In order to
get rid of the Kurds' feeling of misery and isolation;
-veder kirin (Zeb) to isolate. Sor derewe
[AW/Zeb(VoA)/GF]
ve*ditin vt. (ve-bin-). to find, discover:
• Nizanim tedbir giye. Hung rekek[£] bo
we §ol§ webinin (SK 42:406) I do not know
what to do. You discover some way for this affair.
[also: weditin (SK); weditinewe (SK-2)) (syn: ditin
[2]; p’eyda kirin) Sor (Arbil) ditinewe = 'to
find’ [Dh/Bar//SK]
veger f. (-a;-§). return, coming back: *Ez§ ji
te re roja vegera xwe bidim zanin (BX) 1 will
let you know the date of my return *L§ eger
vegera r§witiya min tunebftya? (MUm, 12)
What if there was no return from my trip? *Roja
vegera fieciyan hati bH (Dz-anec #22) The day
of the hadjis’ [=pilgrims 5 ] return had arrived, [also:
[va ghar] (JJ-G)) [BX/Dz/K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ-G]
<vegerin>
ve*gerandin vt. (ve-gerin-). 1) [syn:
zivirandin) to return (vt.) , give back; to cause to
return; 2) [+ li] [syn: bersivdan; cab dan) to reply,
answer: *Rojek§ wezirSn wi j@ re qala
634
V
ziwac@ kirin. Mir li wan venegerand fi
xwe ker kir (SW) One day his viziers broached
the subject of marriage. The emir didn't answer
them, and kept quiet *Serekwezir 1§ vegerand
ti. got (Rnh) The prime minister replied to him [as
follows...]; 3) to annul: -xwazgini vegerandin
(IFb) to annul a wedding engagement, {also: [we-
gherandin] J* (JJ)1 Isw/K/A/jB3/iFb/B/ij/GF/TF]
<vegerin>
vegeriyan j(JB3/lFb/JJ) = to return, come back.
See vegerin.
ve*gerin vi. (ve-ger-). 1) [syn: fetilin [1];
zivirin) to return (vi.), come or go back:
• Vedigere cem bav§ xwe (Ba) [He] goes back
to his father (=to where his father is) •VegeTyane
mal (Ba) They returned home; 2) often in the neg.\
to turn back (from), i.e., to stop, cease doing stg.
[+ ji]: »Heta ku qilSn (diran) guran ney§n
hilkirin u pencen wan neye[n] qutkirin,
ji ku§tin d qirkirine venagerin (Wit 2:71,
p.13) Until the wolves’ fangs are pulled out and
their claws are cut back, they will not stop killing
and destroying, {also: vegeriyan (JB3/IFb-2); [we-
gheriian] (JJ)} Sor gefan*ewe (-gere-
ewe); Za a*geyrena [ageyrayi§] (Srk)
[K/A/IFb/B/GF/TF//JB3/JJ] <vegerandin>
ve*gevizandin vt. (ve-gevizin-). 1) to
tear to pieces, to tear limb from limb, to devour:
• Wana [=se@d §ivana] gurek yan§ dudu
digirtin, vedigevizandin (Ba2:l,p.203) They
[=the shepherds' dogs] seized a wolf or two [and]
tore it to pieces; 2) to gnaw; to nibble (B).
[Ba2/K/B/GF]
ve*girtin vt. (ve-gir-). 1) to seize, capture,
take, occupy; to win back, reconquer: *Mir ew
welat bi qeweta §dre xwe vegirti bti (Rnh
3:23, p.5) The emir had taken that kingdom by
the force of his sword; 2) (syn: vedan [5]} to pitch,
set up (a tent) : *Kone xwe vegirt (L) He pitched
his tent; 3) (syn; vedan [3]) to return (a greeting) :
-silav vegirtin (K) to return s.o.'s greeting; 4) (syn:
vekirin) to open the mouth of (lit. & fig.) (IFb/TF):
•Cali vegire em tiji kin (IF) Open the sack,
let’s fill it up *Dev§ xwe vegire §ekir t@xim
(IF) Open your mouth, I'll put sugar in it *DS ko
hat g§lik dev@ xwe vedigirin (IFb) When
their mother comes the chicks open their mouths;
5) { syn : derxistin [5]} to be spread by contagion
(disease) (A); to catch (disease) (Bw); 6) to include,
comprise (Bw/Zeb); 7) to preserve in various
senses : a) to pickle (syn; kesidandinl; b) to record,
tape (voice), [also: [we-ghirtin] ^(JJ)} Sor
girtin*ewe £ - 'take back, catch (ball in air),
hold open (hands, receptacle), mix, compound
(medicines), set (bone), cast (horoscope), reach,
include, comprise, cover, engulf
[L/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK] <[5] sari II>
ve*guhastin vt (ve-guh6z-). 1) to
convey, transport, transfer; to exchange (JJ);
2) [f. ( ;-e).] transportation. ( also: veguherandin
(K/B-2); [we-gouhastin ^y^^f^'/we-gouhourandin
(JJ)) ( syn: neqil kirin) Sor guwastm*ewe
o 3 A-u-.U5^/gwezan»ewe [gozan*ewe] 'to
transport, transfer (vt.); to move, change position
(vi.)' [Dh/IFb/OK/RF] <guhastin>
veguherandin qjc>\ (K/B) = to transport. See
veguhastin.
ve*jandin vt. (ve-jin- / -vejin- [JB3] / ve-
jen- / ve-jin [B]). 1) (syn: sax kirinve (Bw)) to
revive, resuscitate, bring back to life; 2) to scutch,
swingle, separate the woody fibers by beating (flax,
hemp, etc.) (B). [K/JB3/IFb/B/GF] <vejin>
ve*jin vi. (ve-ji-). to come back to life, be
revived: *Ax bi ave vediji (AB) Soil is revived
by water, {syn: hatin ser renge xwe) [AB/GF]
<vejandin>
ve*k’etin vi. (ve-k’ev-). 1) to lie down,
stretch out: • Susik hineki duri m§ra
rtlni§tibd, ewe ji me §erm dikir, Gurzo ji
bal w§ vek’etibfi (Ba2-#2, p.206) Susik [a girl]
sat apart from the men, she was shy (of us), [but]
Gurzo [a dog] lay down beside her; 2) to loaf
around, idle (B); 3) to lie in wait (TF).
[Ba2/K/B/GF/TF/0K]
ve* kirin vt. (ve-k-). 1) (^girtin [2]) to open
(vt.) : •Herin, deve xizna min vekin (L) Go
open the gate of my treasury; 2) to undo, unfasten,
unbutton, unhook (B/HH); 3) (syn: sist kirin (sist
[2])) to unscrew, loosen (Bw). {also: [we-kirin]
(JJ); cvekirin (vedike) (HH)) Cf.
Sor kirdn*ewe 03*0 j_^( kirdin + -ewe); Za a*kena
(a- + kena) (Todd) [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
cvebun; vekiri>
vekiri ad/. 1) (^girti) open (adj.) , opened;
635
V
2) undone, unfastened, unbuttoned (B/HH). {also:
[we-kiri] (JJ); <vekiri> (HH)} Cf. Sor
kira # we *,1^[K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
<vekirin>
ve«ku§tin vt. (ve-kuj-). 1 ) to slaughter
(sheep, cow, chicken) (Zeb/K/SK): •Soft §ex,
zft rabe. Gae me we di bi rofie da. Eger
zft nagihey§ d§ mirar bit. Mixabin e.
Wekuje, her nebit germe wi xesar nabit
(SK 30:271) Sofi Shaikh! Our ox is at the point
of death. If you do not reach it soon it will (die
of itself and) become carrion. It is a pity. Slaughter
it, at least do not let the bide be wasted; 2 ) { syn:
t’efandin; temirandin; vemirandin; vesandin} to
extinguish, put out (light, flame)
(K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK). [also: weku§tin[ewe] (SK);
[we-kouchtin] (JJ); <v[e]ku§tin
(vedikuje) (HH)} cf. Sor kujandinewe
jj) js ?= ’to extinguish, obliterate’
[Zeb/K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/OK//SKl
ve*lezin vi. (ve-lez-). to lounge, sprawl
out, lie down, stretch out: »Ew vira ser pi§te
vedilezya nava kulilka, li 'ezmane sayiyi
b§ ’ewr diniheri ft dest xweda dik’ete
xewa §irin (Ba 2 :l, p.202) He would sprawl on
his back among the flowers, look up at the clear,
cloudless sky, and immediately fall fast asleep;
-ber te’ve velezyan (B) to lie in the sun. {also:
velezyan (B)} [Ba 2 /K//B]
velezyan jUjoJai (B) = to lie down. See velezin.
ve»mali§tin vt. (ve-mal-). 1 ) to clean,
wipe, dust off: *Ser surety sorda hesra
vedmale (EP-7) She wipes the tears from
[lit. 'on'] her red face; 2) {syn: vedan [7]} to
roll up (one's sleeves), {also: vemi§tin (K[s]- 2 );
[we-michtin] (JJ)} [EP-7/K[s]/JBl-S//JJ]
<mali§tin>
ve»mirandin vt. (ve-mirin-). to put out,
extinguish (fire) . {also: wemirandin (SK); [we-
mirandin] qjjj] ^ (JJ); cvemirandin jjj]
(vedimirine) (HH)} {syn: damirandin;
t’efandin; temirandin; veku§tin; vesandin}
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/
OK//SK] <vemirin>
ve»mirin W. (ve-mir-). to be extinguished,
go out (fire, also fig.): »Agire ku li erde
vSketibft, wi ji xwe li nava agiri diav£t
erde. Agir vemiri bft, ew ji xedar birin
bftbft (AW69B1) He jumped through the fire
which had broken out on the ground. [When] the
fire had gone out, he had been severely burned
• Serjimara (niffts) bajaren kurdan z@de
bft, bi ve yek§ tekiliy&n feodali vemirin
(AW79A5) The population of Kurdish cities
increased, and with this, feudal relations were
extinguished, {also: [we-mirin] (JJ); <vemirin
(vedimri) (HH)} {syn: t’efin;
temirin; vesin} [AW/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
<vemirandin>
vemi§tin (K[s]/JJ) = to clean; to roll up (sleeves)
. See vemali§tin.
venan (JBl-S) = to perch, land. See veni§tin.
ve»ni§tin vi. (ve-ni§-). to perch, alight, land,
settle (birds, aircraft, etc.): *Jana ku li ser
serpehatiyen me, xatiren me ft biranin@n
me veni§tiye, pir, pir, pir kevn e (MUm,
p.60) The pain that has settled on our experiences,
our memories, is very, very, very old. [also: venan
(JBl-S); veniyan (JBl-S-2)} I syn: dadan; danin) Sor
ni§tin*ewe ojojJL j = 'to fall, abate, subside (flood,
anger, tumult, battle, etc.), perch, alight, land
(birds, aircraft)' [MUm/K(s)/IFb/GF]
veniyan (JBl-S) = to perch, land. See veni§tin.
ve*qetandin j jj b *3 *3 vt. (ve-qetin-). 1 ) to
separate, divide; to sort out (e.g., cattle upon
returning from pasture) (vt.) : •Dema tu evare
vedigeri, wek mafe qamgftr£, w@ gax@ tu e
gar bizinan ji me re veqetini (Ardu, p.114-5)
When you return in the evening, as [fulfillment of]
the duty of the animal tax, you can pick out four
goats for us then; -peze xwe ji hev veqetandin
(IFb) to sort out the sheep: *Her yeke dewar§n
xwe veqetandin (AB) Each one (f.) separated
(^claimed) her cattle; 2 ) to distinguish, tell apart;
3) to reserve (a place): -cih veqetandin (§nx) do.
{also: [we-qatandin] jjLLs (JJ); cveqetandin
jjjb* (vediqetine) (HH)}
[AB/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <veqetin>
ve»qetin vi. (ve-qet-). 1 ) to break away
from, to be separated from: *Bizinek ji nava
p§z vediqete (J) A goat breaks away from the
flock; 2 ) [+ ji] to part company, take one's leave:
•Herdu bra jihev veqetin (IFb) The two
brothers separated or parted company «M§rik bi
636
awaki behevi ft dil§ikesti ji risipi
vediqete, ber§ xwe dide mala xwe ft dige
(Ardu, p.19) Disappointed and brokenhearted,
the fellow takes his leave of the old man and
heads for home; 3) to disperse, return to one's
home (e.g., cattle returning from pasture) (B).
{also’ veqetyan (B-2); [we-qatiian] ^jEJas <*£ (JJ)I
[J/K/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//JJ] <veqetandin>
veqetyan ^Ijasas (B) = to be separated from. See
veqetin.
verenik «Jj 0 >jaj (OK) = rice at bottom of pot. See
verenk.
verenk Jjojas f. ( ). (burnt) rice at bottom of the
pot (considered a delicacy) [P tahdlg {also:
verenik (OK); veresk (Bw-2)) | syn: bine bero§e
(Qm§)) =Sor binkir Jfyy. [Am/Bw//OK] <verinin>
veresk ciL(Bw) = rice at bottom of pot. See
verenk.
vere§an <jU ojas (IF/HH) = to vomit. See ve?e§in.
ve»re§andin jjjlioj*s vt. (ve-fe§in-). to cause
to vomit; to make nauseous. [K/IFb] <vere§in>
ve*re§!n q^jZojaS vi. (ve-Te§/ve-re§ye- [M]/ve-
re§- [L]). 1) to vomit, throw up: »Ji kftr te,
ji dftr te, vedire§e, xwin t§ [tifing] (L) It
comes from something deep, it comes from afar,
it vomits, and blood flows [rdf; ans.: a rifle]: 2) to
feel nauseous or dizzy (K). {also: vere§an (IF-2);
vefe§iyan (F); vere§yan (ve-re§ye-) (M); [we-rechiian
jLj j^'/we-rechin jas] (JJ); <Yerevan
;^s/vere§andin Ji (vedire§e) (HH))
Cf. Sor ri§an # ewe [L//K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//HH//
▼
F//M] <re§andin; vere§andin>
vere§iyan qL^ojas (F) = to vomit. See veTe§in.
vere§yan jLiojA* (ve-re§ye-) (M) = to vomit. See
vefe§!n.
vet§ kirin vt. (vere -k-). 1) { syn: hinartin:
§andin) to send, dispatch: # [Min ji durve
mirofek ver§ kir ft Memed gazi nik xwe
kiri] (JR) I sent a man from afar and called [=had
him call] Memed to me; 2) to accompany, escort,
see off (B). ( also: rekirin; [we-ri-kirin] as (JJ);
<verekirin qj&J (veredike) (a£ju^O> (HH)}
[JR/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//B] See also rekirin.
ve*rotin ^Jjas vt. (ve-roj-). 1) to scrape; {syn:
darotin) to plane; 2) to gouge, hollow out. {also:
[we-routin] as (JJ)} [S&E/K/B/GF//JJ] <reg
kirin [feq I]>
ve§arin qjjUas (IFb) = to hide. See ve§artin.
ve*§artin ^jUa$ vt. (ve-§§r-/ve-§£rin- [IFb-2]).
1) 1 syn: telandin) to hide, conceal (vt) : -pereye
xwe ve§artin (IFb) to hide (or bury) one's
money; -sftce xwe ve§artin (IFb) to hide one's
guilt or crime; -xwe ve§artin = to hide (vi.) {syn:
telin; xwe xef kirin): # Lawik kete bin texteki
ft xwe ve§art (L) The boy slid beneath a bed and
hid •Heryeki ji me xwe ciki ve§art (Ba) Each
one of us hid (himself) somewhere; 2) {syn: binax
kirin) to bury: -cenaze ve§artin (IFb) to bury a
corpse, {also: ve§arin (IFb-2); ve§erin (IFb-2);
we§arin (SK); [we-chartin as / we-chirin
as] (JJ) I*note: [we-chirin as] = ‘se
cached, i.e., 'to hide (oneself) (vi.)'l ; <ve§artin
(vedi§ere) (o_^£as)> (HH)) Cf. Sor
§ardn*ewe jjLi (§ardin + -ewe); Hau ewe*§aray
(§ar- ewe) vt. (M4) [L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
JB1-A/GF/TF/OK//SK] <ve§artok>
ve§artok Jjp'jUas f. ( ;-e). hide-and-seek (game):
•Zarftk bi hev ra ve§artoke dilizin (AB) The
children are playing hide-and-seek (with each
other), {syn: *pitros (IFb)) [AB/A/IFb] <ve§artin>
ve§erin (IFb) = to hide. See ve§artin.
vexwandin jjjl^As (ve-xwin-) (OK) = to invite. See
vexwendin.
ve»xwarin jjl^A's vt. (ve-xw- / ve-xu- [K/B]). 1 )
{svn: xwarin (Ag)( to drink: -[§irani vexwarin]
(JR) to betroth, make an engagement or marriage
agreement [between the father of the bride and the
groom's contingent; lit. 'to drink sorbet']:
"Engagement ceremonies consist of a reception in
which refreshments are served. When one says: 'to
drink sorbet', one means ’to betroth'" (JR, p. 35,
note 2 ): •[Kurekl xweyi mal Kal hebftye
nav§ §emas, ew kur mirofan ver£dike ft
Barnike ji boy xwe dixwaze ft babe
Barnike ji keg§ dide §emas£ ft §irani
vedixwin] (JR) There was a wealthy boy named
Shemas, who sent men to ask for [the hand of]
Barnik [in marriage], and Barnik’s father gives the
girl to him and they drink sorbet; -t 5 £r vexwarin
(K) to have enough to drink; 2 ) (syn: k’i§andin [3])
to smoke (cigarettes) . {also: vexwerin (K); [we-
kharin/we-khourin] as (JJ); <vexwarin
(vedixwe) (o^as)> (HH)} Cf. Sor xwardn»ewe
[K//A/JB 3 /IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
V
ve®xwendin vt. (ve-xwin [K(s)/OK]/ve-
xfin [K(s)]/ve-xin [IFb]). to invite; to summon.
{also: vexwandin (ve-xwin-) (OK)}
[K(s)/IFb/GF/TF//OK] <mevan>
vexwendi adj. invited: •Daweta kega
min il Rasto ye. Gele me hemti vexwendi
ne (Wit 2:59, p.15) My daughter is marrying
Rasto. All of our people are invited.
[Wlt/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF] <mevan>
vexwerin (K) = to drink. See vexwarin.
veytun ( j a ^o«wi (GF) = limekiln. See hettin.
v§k JZj adv. together Iaccording to BX . an eastern
form }: -vek re (IFb) do. | also: p’ek; [we-kira] 1 jf<u
(JJ); <vek> JU (HH)} | syn: p’ev (W)} < bi + ek
[BX/(K)/(IFb)/(HH)//JJ] See also p’ek.
vekeftin (Bw) = to find one’s way. See
v&k’etin.
v@ # k’etin qjoSZj/qja. v *- (v£-k’ev-). 1) to catch
fire, flare up: ®Qira ve ket (AB) The lamp flared
up; 2) to find one’s way (Bw). | also: vekeftin (Bw);
[we-ketin] 4 (}J); <veketin (vedikeve)
> (HH)} [AB/K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ//Bw]
<vexistin>
v§l JlJ adj. oblique, slanted, at an angle: -xeza vel
(Qzl) slanted line, oblique line. [Qzl/IFb] <leg>
ven (BX/GF) = must; to need; to want; to love. See
viyan.
vene = picture. See wene.
v§«sandin vt. (v§-sin-). 1) [syn:
damirandin; t’efandin; temirandin; veku§tin;
vemirandin} to put out, extinguish {fire) ; 2) to
cause to rest, make s.o. take a break (IFb/OK).
[Z-1/K/IFb/B/OK] <vesin>
ve»sin W. (ve-s-). 1) {syn: t’efin;
temirin; vemirin} to be extinguished, go out (fire) ;
2) to rest (IFb). [Z-1/K/IFb/B] <vesandin>
vetin (BX) = must; to need; to want; to love. See
viyan.
v@»xistin vt. (v§-x-). to light, ignite,
■ «
kindle: -cixara xwe vexistin (IFb) to light one’s
cigarette, {also: pdxistin; [we-khystin] (JJ);
<vexistin (vetexe) (HH)} (syn;
dadan; hilkirin [2]} [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-S/
GF//JJ] <sergavk; vek’etin> See also p§xistin.
vine-vin qs (K) = buzzing; sobbing; grumbling;
screaming. See vinge-ving.
vinge-ving Xi’ Xi /. (-a;-§). 1) buzzing:
-vingeving kirin (B) to buzz, hum; -vinge-
vinga moza (Ba2) the buzzing of bees; 2)
whimpering, sniveling; sobbing; 3) grumbling;
muffled speech; 4) screaming, squealing, {also:
vine-vin (K)} [Ba2/IFb/B/GF//K]
vir I j3 adv. here: -ji vir[a] (B) from here, hence; -ji
vir bi §un ve = from now on: «Ez de hewl
bidim, ku ji vir bi §tin ve alikariya w§
bikim (AW69A3) I will try to help her from now
on; -li vir re (L) = a) here.: »Te zilamek ft
jinek ne dine li vir re gftn? (L) Did you [lit.
’didn’t you’] see a man and a woman pass this
way?; b) hence, henceforth; -li vir (IFb) here;
-vir[a] hada/vir[a] w&da (B) thenceforth,
henceforth, from now on; -virda (K) hither, here
(motion toward), this way. {also: vira (B-2); [wir] J
(JJ); <vir> J (HH)} {^wir; we dere}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
vir II J f. ( ;-e). lie, fib, falsehood: »Vir ne ba§ e
V
(AB) Lies are not good [lit. ’The lie is not good’];
-vir kirin (K/B) to lie, tell lies, {also: [wyr] J (JJ);
<vir> J (HH)} {syn: derew} [AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/GF/TF] <virek>
vira ) J (B) = here. See vir I.
virgik f. (-a; ). vagina, vulva, 'cunt', 'pussy'.
{ a Iso: <virgik> J^J> (HH)} {syn: quz} [A/HH/GF]
virek doji m. (). liar: •TftrS virekan tim qul e
(AB) The liars' bag always has a hole in it. {also:
virker (JB3/IFb-2); [wyrek JJ/ wyre-ker J'J] (JJ)}
{syn: derew[g]in; derewker} {virek[t]i}
[K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//JB3] <vir II>
vireki ^foJ f. ( ;-y&). being a liar, lying, fibbing (as
an avocation) . { also: virekti (B-2)} [K/B] <virek>
virekti ( jJoJ (B) = lying, fibbing. See vireki.
vifker jlfJ (JB3/IFb/JJ) = liar. See virek.
Y
virni J /virni J [B] adj. 1) born late (of animals,
who are thin and puny as a result, cf. hill - born
early): *Berx§n virni—berx (yan kar)§n ku
dereng g§dibin, buhard gGdibin, ne wek
y§n Kill girs in (Qzl) "virni" [late-born] lambs—
lambs (or kids) which are born late, are born in the
springtime, are not plump like "hill" [early-born]
lambs; 2) harvested late (of crops) (fig.): # Gava
buhar bi §ili derbaz be, ft zevi dereng
b&ne ginin yan dirftn, zad virni dikeve
(Qzl) When the spring is wet, and the fields are
harvested or reaped late, the crop is less than ideal
638
V
• Min Kill gand, le virni ket (Qzl) I planted
early, but [the crop] came up late, i.e., I married
early, but my children didn’t come until (much)
later [Min zu jin ani, le zaroken min dereng gebun].
{also: <virni> ^^3 (HH))~<0 Ir *a-prna-ayu(ka-)
(A&L p. 82 [I]): [Qzl/QtrE/K/IFb/HH/GF/FJ//B]
<fiili I>
virvirin qjJJ vi. (-virvir-). to roll all over the
place (e.g., of round objects that fall out of a
receptacle that has accidently been dropped):
• Nan di destek [sic] wi dabd, xiyar ji
di deste din. Dema neziki li se kir,
linge wi li singeki dewara likumi. Xwe
ra negirt u bi ser dev ket erde. Bi ketine
ra f nan h xiyar ji [j]i dest&n wi virvirin
(MB, p.ll) He had bread in one hand, and a
cucumber in the other. When he got near the
dog, his foot tripped on a cattle post. He lost
his balance and fell down, flat on his face. As
he fell, the bread and cucumber rolled out of
his hands. [MB/GF] <gindirin>
viyan jU vt. (-ve-; neg. pres, nevet [Bw/M]). 1)
{ syn: gerek; lazim] [+ subj.] to be necessary,
obligatory; must [falloir] [impersonal verb): *Bele
diviya bu jin bikira da ko ware wi kor
neminit (SW) Yes. he should get married so that
his family line doesn't die out [lit. 'remain blind'];
2) [+ obi. prn.] to need, require: # Me
Kurdistanek [sic] yekbdyi, serxwebilyi H
demokratik div§ (Ber) We need a united,
independent, and democratic Kurdistan *Min
tifingek dive(t) (BX) = a) I need a rifle; b) I want
a rifle •Teko§ina rizgariye h§z dive (Ber)
Striving for freedom requires force *We pi§tm§r
diviya btin (BX) You needed (or, wanted) body
guards; 3) {syn: xwestin} [+ obi. pm.] to want Ithis
is a standard feature of Southern Kurmanji: in the
north, xwestin ~ 'to want' & 'to requestwhereas
it only means 'to request' in the South , 'to want'
being expressed by viyanI (Zx/Bw/JBl-A&S/HH);
4) {syn: je Kez kirin) to love: •Pismam, ... eto
y@ gtiye bajera, biladSt mazin, ete jin§t
cwan yet ditin, noke te ez nevem (M-Ak
#633, p.286) Cousin, ... you have been to towns
and great countries and seen beautiful women, now
you do not want me [or, do not love me]
•Xwesiya te tu diveyi (Bw) Your mother-in-law
loves you; 5) [f. (-a; ).] desire, wish, will: ®Ez bi
viyana xwe ve hatim (IFb) I came of my own
free will *Wi hest dikir ev jingehe ya dibite
h§zeka regir beramber viyan§t wi ySt
huneri u viyana wi bo serbesttye (Peyv
3[1996], 38) He felt that this environment was
getting in the way of [lit. ’becoming a preventive
force'] his artistic desires and his desire for
freedom, {also: ven (BX-2/GF-2); vetin (BX-2); vin
(BX/IFb-2); viyan (TF); vyan (M); wyan (-we-) (SK);
[wain] qj\3 (JJ); <van q\s (dive) C c y^)> (HH)} Cf.
Sor wistin ~ ’to want’ & [d]ebe[t] [c-]1jo[j] = ’it
is necessary’ (< bun = ’to be’) [BX
(#214)//IFb/JBl-A&S/GF/OK/Bw//TF//
JJ//HH//SK] <bive-neve>
vizik f Q. 1) {syn: zivifok) spinning top
(child's toy) (AB); 2) gnat, mosquito. [Kg/AB/
K/IFb]
vije oj-J (IFb) = literature. See w^je.
vin (BX/IFb) = must; to need; to want; to love. See
viyan.
viyan (TF) = must; to need; to want; to love. See
viyan.
vyan (M) = must; to need; to want; to love. See
viyan.
639
waaz jlslj (IFb) = sermon. See we’z.
wade (K/IFb/GF) = time. See we’de.
wah§ (jiofclj (AB) = wild animal; pig; wild. See weK§.
wah§i (K) = wildness. See weh§i.
A*
waji (SK) = backward. See vaji.
wale <d ) 3 (IF) = by God! See wellah.
wall m. (). provincial governor, {also: <wali>
(HH)) < Ar wall (walin) Jb, --> T vali
{valiti; walilik; waliti) [K/IFb/HH/GF]
walilik JLLJlj, f. (K) = province; governorship. See
waliti.
waliti Jlj f (-ya; ). 1) province, district (governed
by a wall) ; 2) governorship: -valitiya Ruhaye
(BK) governorship of Urfa. laiso: valiti (BK);
walilik, f. (K)} [K/JR//BK] <wali>
wan I prn. l) they; them; their {obi. of ew [pi.]):
•Ez wan nabinim = I don't see them •Wan ez
neditim = They didn't see me *Mala wan nezik
e = Their house is nearby # Herin wana ciki
wisa §erjekin, li k’u xwede t’unebe (Ba) Go
slaughter them in (such) a place where there is no
God *wana wisa ji kir (Ba) They did just that
(=that very thing); 2) those, {also: ewan I (B-2);
ewana (B); wana (Ba/IF-2); [van j^/evan ^1] (JJ);
<wan> q ) 3 (HH)) [Bx/K/A/IF/JJ/HH//Ba//B] <ew>
Wan II f. ( ;-e). Van (city and lake in Kurdistan
of Turkey): •Were em bigin bajare Wane
(AB) Come let's go to the city of van. [AB/K/IF]
wana tdj (Ba/IF) = they; them; their. See wan I.
war m. (-e; w§r, vi wari). 1) {syn: zome [l])
encampment, abode (of a nomadic tribe) ; stopping
place, halting place: •Boxeki jar dewsa wara
dimine (J) A lean bull stays in the place of the
encampment (^campsite); -gdn waran (IFb) to go
to mountain pastures (in summer, of nomadic
tribes) ; 2) progeny, posterity, descendants [cf.
ocax]: • Bele diviya bu jin bikira da ko
ware wi kor neminit (SW) Yes, he should get
married so that his family line doesn't die out [lit.
’remain blind’]; 3) homeland, native land; native
place (Bw): •Binavi ware min e (Bw) Binavi
[village near Dihok] is my home; 4) field or area of
study: •Xemsariye di vi wari de nakin (BH,
p.60) They are not neglectful in this field [of
pursuit], {also: [var] (JJ); <war> J\ 3 (HH)} Cf. Arm
vayr i|_mjp (var i^iup in compounds) = ’place 1
[J/Sw/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
<zozan>
waris = rope. See weris.
warkor adj. childless (of married couple), {syn:
fical (Bw)) [Bw/K/GF/TF]
waseti L5 xlJ J (TF) - will, testament. See wesyet.
wasiyet oa-Jj (IFb) = will, testament. See wesyet.
way ^ interj. alas! woe! (exclamation of grief) :
••
•way li min (B/IF)/way li mino bavo (AB)
woe is me. {also: waylo!; wey I (IFb-2); [vei] ^ (JJ);
<way> ^ (HH)} [AB/K/A/IFb/B/HH//JJ]
waylo pL\ 3 = alas! woe!. See way.
we 05 prn. you (pi.)', your {obi. of hun) : # Ez we
dibinim = I see you *We ez ditim = You saw
me •mala we = your house, {also: he we
(Botan/Bw/OK-2); hingo (SK); [ve] o 3 (JJ)) Sor ewe
oJJ = ’you (pi.)’ [K/A/JB3/IF/B/JJ/OK//Bw//SK]
<hun>
weba f ( ). plague, pestilence: *[Ekrad ji weku
Efrancan qewi zede ji nexwe§i d webayi ii
Kali d ‘illeted ku sari ne ditirsin ii bi dKr
dikevin] (BN 178) Kurds, like Westerners, are
greatly afraid of diseases and epidemics and
conditions that are contagious, and shun them.
{also: [veba] bj (JJ)) {syn: peji) < Ar waba’ Uj/waba’
pbj = ’infectious disease, epidemic’; Sor weba boj =
’plague’ [BN/IFb/JJ/OK]
we’d*e m. (• e; ). l) appointed time, term:
•Meme ... gil roji we'de kif§kir (EP-7)
Mem ... set a forty day term; -we’de fk-f bftn -
for s.o. or stg.’s time to come, s.o. or stg.’s time
to be ripe (for stg.) : # Wexta M. mezin bft,
idi we’d§ wi zewac§ bd (Z-l) When Mem
grew up, it was (now) time for him to marry # Z.
idi gihi§ti bd, we’d§ m@ra bd (Z-l) Z. had
now matured, it was time for her to [to take) a
husband [lit. ’her time for husbands was’]; 2) time
(B): •We’de min tune, ez nikarim bem (B)
I don’t have time, I can't come •Destebirak£
xwera wade xwe derbaz dike (Ba3-3, #4)
He spends his time with his destbira [-
bloodbrother]. {also: wade (K/IFb/GF); [vaade]
(JJ)} < Ar wa‘d apj, also maw‘id jjy [Z-l/B/
JJ//K/IFb/GF] <wext>
weditin (SK) = to find. See veditin.
640
w
weditinewe j>a 3 (SK) = to find. See veditin.
0
wefat olioj /. (). { syn: mirin) death: -wefat bun
(K/B)/“ kirin (IFb/SK) to die, pass away: •Derbaz
divin gend meh, Dawid wefat dive, dewsa
wi Aqtib dive p’@xember (Ba3-3, #4) A few
months pass, David dies, [and] Jacob becomes
prophet in his stead, j also: [vefat] oU 3 (JJ); <wefat->
0 U 3 (HH)) < Ar wafah 5 U 3 -> T vefat
[Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK]
weha bbaj (IFb/TF) = thus. See wiha.
wehe oj&oj, (Z-922/K) = thus. See wiha.
weh§ (JJboj (K/IFb) = wild animal; pig; wild. See weh§.
weh§i ^5-^03 /. (). wildness; savagery, j also: wah§i
(K-2); weh§iti (K- 2 )) [K]
weh§iti 03 (K) = wildness. See weh§i.
wefi§ Jio .03 /. (-a;-e). 1 ) |syn: goli I; hov; k’uvi; ^
kedi) wild animal: •Wah§ pivazan dievine
(AB] The wild animal loves onions; 2 ) (symberaz;
domiz (Mzg); xinzir (Haz: erudite)} pig (Haz); 3]
[adj.] [syn: goli; k’uvi; For II) wild, [also: wah§
(AB); weh§ (K/IFb); [was (j^/vehchi ^^^j] (JJ))
< Ar wahs = 'wild' (wahgi; weh§i; wehgiti)
[AB//K/IFb//Haz//JJ]
wek Ao 3 prep, as, like, similar to: *'Erd weke
k’axaza cigare bilind bflye (Ba) The ground
has risen like (=by the width of) a cigarette paper
•Le iro ji ni§ka ve weki pi§tevanen
demokratikbdn§ derdikevin hole (AW7 0D2)
But today they suddenly appear on the scene as
supporters of democratization *Mala xwe kir
wek a isana (L) He made his house like everyone
else’s [lit. ’like that of the people’] ; -wek hev =
alike, like each other; -wek /weki/ weke te =
like you. [also: weke (K/B/JB3-2); weki [4]; wey II;
[vek Jj/vekou^/veki C J^] (JJ); <wek J 3 / weki ^ 3 >
(HH)) [syn: mina; nola; §iti II) Sor wek = ’like,
as, when' [Bx/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF//K/B]
weke (K/B/JB3) = like, as. See wek.
wekehev (IFb/TF)/weke hev (K/B) = equal;
similar. See wekhev.
wekehevi 93 (K/TF) = equality. See wekhevi.
wekhev adj. 1) equal: *Li gori v§, ev
komar, yeke ku gele kurd h tirk bi hev re
wekhev t§ de dijin, bi temami
cumhuriyeteke demokratik e (AW75C1)
According to this, this republic, one in which the
Kurdish and Turkish people live together equally
[=in equality], is entirely a democratic republic «Ji
deri van herse gruben zimanan, mafen yen
din wekhev in (AW69A3) Outside of these three
groups of languages, all the rest have equal rights
[lit. 'the rights of the others are equal']; 2) similar,
alike, [also: wekehev QFb-2/TF)/weke hev (K/B))
Cf. Sor wek yek A*o A 03 = ‘alike’ jwek[e]hevi)
[AW/A/IFb/GF//K/B/TF]
wekhevi ^*$5^ /. (-ya;-ye). equality: *Komara
Tirkiye ne weke bere ye. Iro p6§ketin,
wekhevi heye, dadmendi (edalet) heye (Wit
2:59, p.13) The Turkish republic is not like before.
Nowadays there is progress [and] equality, there is
justice. | a Iso: wekehevi (K/TF)) <wek hev = ’alike’;
Cf. Sor wekyeki L f^fo 3 - ’similarity’
[(neol)Wlt/A/IFb/GF/OK//K/TFj
weki L fo 3 conj. 1) [+ indc.] [syn: ko) that (conj.) :
•Jine ji zanibu, weki Osibi ze 5 f aqile (Ba)
The woman also knew that Joseph was [lit. ’is'] very
smart •Diqewimi, weki gura mik-dudu
birindar dikirin yane ji diku§tin (Ba2) It
happened that the wolves wounded a sheep or two,
or even killed [them]; 2) [+ subj.] [syn:bila; bona
[2]; da II; deqene; beta ko [5]) so that, in order to:
•Dibe ku te t’emi dane Osib, weki ew
miri§ke §erj§ neke, pa§da bine? (Ba) Perhaps
you warned Joseph (=tipped Joseph off) not to
slaughter the chicken, [but rather] to bring it back?
• Eze usa bikim, weki ziane bidim me§e
(Dz) 1 will act in such a way as to bring harm to the
forest *Gelo nave, weki em ev§ qiza nazik
bigihinine ewi xorte tu be ji (Z-l) Shouldn't
we unite this fine girl with this youth you’re talking
about [lit. ’about [whom] you speak']?; 3) [syn: eger
I) if: *Weki hhn Osibe min xwera dibin,
gereke hun rind miqati wi bin (Ba) If you
take my Joseph with yon. you must take good care
of him *Weki ti§tek b6 serg wi, zanibin, ez@
we gi§ka qirkim (Ba) If anything happens to
him, know that I will kill you all «Weki em gaki
§erjekin (J) If we slaughter a (or, one) cow; 4)
prep, like, as. See wek. [also: [veki] ^ (JJ))
[K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <wek>
wekil/wek’il [K/B] i lS'o 3 m. (-§; ). agent, advocate:
•Wekile silava be (Zeb/Bw) Send my regards to
the folks at home [lit. ’be the agent of greetings']
•wekil§ xo y§ ’am (M-Ak 685) his own general
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agent, {also: [vekil/vakil (G)/vakil (Rh)] J S 3 (JJ);
<wekil> J (HH)) < Ar wakll = 'agent'
[Zeb/Bw/IFb/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/OK//K/B]
weku§tin[ewe] (SK) = to slaughter. See
veku§tin.
welat o'Voj m. (-e; welet, vi welati). homeland,
fatherland, country: •Welat§ min mezin e ft
xwe§ e (AB) My country is big and pleasant, {also:
[vilat oY* /vilaiet ooY*] (JJ)) < Ar wilayah =
'state, province' —> T vilayet; Sor wilat o^/wulat =
'country, native land' [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ]
<ni§timan>
welatp’arSz m. (). defender of the
motherland; patriot: *Welatparezen
Kurdistane yek bin! (Ber) Kurdish patriots
unite! [Ber/K/IFb/GF] <ni§timan; p’arastin; welat>
wele J 03 (K/B) = By God! See wellah.
weleh (B) = By God! See wellah.
welidandin jjjljJoj vt. (-welidin-). 1 ) to assist at a
birth; 2 ) [syn: fazan [ 2 ]; zayin) to give birth, {also:
[weledandin] qj ■ ajI(JJ)) < Ar walada aJj = 'to
give birth' [K/B//JJ] <welidin>
welidin ^ aJo* vi. (-welid-). 1) {syn: ji dayk bun;
hatin dine) to be born; 2 ) [vt] to bear offspring,
give birtb to (in Ag , this verb is used for women,
and zayin is used for animals }: *Pey wira
Meyane diwelide, Osive nevia tine (Ba3-3,
#15) After him Meyaneh gives birth [again], she
brings out Joseph the prophet, {also: [velidin] qjaJj
(JJ)) < Ar walada jJj = 'to give birth'
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/Ag/Rh] <avis; t’eliqin>
wellah inter j. By God! By Jove! {also: wale (IF-
2 ); wele (K- 2 /B- 2 ); weleh (B-2); wellahi (L/K/IFb- 2 );
welle (K- 2 /B- 2 ); welleh (B); [vallah] <di)j (JJ)) < Ar
wallahl *111* [IFb//L/K//B//JJ]
wellahi (L/K/IFb) = By God! See wellah.
welle dJjoj (K/B) = By God! See wellah.
welleh aaJJoj (B) = By God! See wellah.
wemirandin jjjJ(SK) = to extinguish. See
vemirandin.
wenda (GF) = lost, missing. See winda.
wer joj adv. thus, so. {also: were I (A/IFb-2); werge
(IFb-2)) [syn: wiha; wilo; wisa)
[L/Bx/K/JB3/IFb/Tkm//A]
werandin I jjjboj vt. (-werin-). 1) [te: di ...
werandin] to envelop, wrap [one’s arms] around,
enfold: *Des[t] di sukir§ werand ku d§ magi
ket (M-Ak #534, p.242) He put his arm around
'her' neck, intending to kiss ’her'; 2) [te: di...
werandin] to surround (JBl-A/IFb).
[M-Ak/M/K/IFb/JB 1-A]
werandin II jAsljoj vt. ( -werin-). to cause to fall
off, cause to drop off; to chop off: *Daran pele
xwe werandin (IFb) The trees lost their leaves
[lit. The trees causes their leaves to drop off]
•Destet wi je werandine we dirke ft nehi§
ft nehi§yar hft k’afir (M-Am #745, p.342) He
chopped off his [=monster‘s] hands there and the
monster became unconscious. [M-Am/IFb] <werin
n>
wer«anin /^yj \5 J0J vt. (wer[t]in-). l) {syn: le
or te wer hatin) to envelop, surround, encircle:
•Go, tu qap’ftt§ h§§in ser§ xwe werine (EP-
7) He said, wrap a green overcoat about your head;
2) {syn: anin) to bring; -xwe weranin (EP-7) to
betake o.s., to go: *Xwe li nerdwana jorda
wertine (EP-7) She descends the staircase, {also:
werandin [2]; [ver-anin] ^ (JJ))
[EP-7/K/IFb/JJ/GF]
werar /werar jljoj f. ( ;-§). development,
growth: -werar kirin (Zeb/SB2) to develop,
progress (vi.): *Filan bajeri gelek werar
kiriye (Zeb) Such-and-such a city has developed a
great deal •Isal reze me, fabriqa §ekir£ me
werar nekirin, be werar in (SB2, 71) This
year our vineyard, our sugar factory, have not
developed. [Zeb/SB2] <pe§vegun>
werdek Jojjoj f (-a;-S). duck (bird) , zool.
Anatidae: -werdeka ner (K) drake, male duck.
{also: ordek (A); [verdek] (JJ)) Cf. Southern
Tati dialects: Chali ordak m. & ordaka f. (Yar-
shater); P ordak T ordek
[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF//A] <bet; miravi; qaz; sone>
were I ojoj (A/IFb) = thus, so. See wer.
werge (IFb) = thus, so. See wer.
werger (K[s]/IFb) = translator. See wergSr.
wer*gerandin vt. (wer-gerin-). 1) to
turn; 2) to overturn, upset, turn upside down: -bar
wergerandin (IFb) to knock over a load (e.g.,
from on a camel's back) ; 3) {syn: t’ercime kirin) to
translate: *Wexta mirov bixwaze wan
wergerine zimaneki din gSnabe (Wit 1:37,
p.2) When one wants to translate them into another
language, it doesn’t work, {also: [ver-gherandin]
642
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(VjjlX 3 (JJ); <wergerandin (werdigerine)
C-*Aa)> (HH)) Cf. Sor wergeran - 'to
turn; to translate' [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
<t’ercime; werger>
wergftf m.&f. (-§/; ). translator, interpreter:
• Mehkemeya doza Welat ji ber tunebuna
werg6r@ Kurd! hate taloq kirin (Wit 2:103,
p.8) The trial for the case against Welat [the
Kurdish newspaper] was postponed due to the lack
of a Kurdish translator, [also: werger (K[s]/IFb-2);
wergir (OK)| (syn: Percimegi) Cf. Sor werger
[K(s)//Wlt/IFb//OK]
wer*girtin vt. (wer-gr-). 1) [syn: standin} to
receive, accept; to get, obtain; to take: •Bft xelife
ft ji teref §§x ‘Usman izna §exiniye
wergirt (SK 45:434) He became a Khalifa and
received the licence to teach as a shaikh from
Shaikh Usman •Xulase sed lire wergirt, hate
mala xo (SK 28:260) In short, he took 100 lire
and went home; 2) to acknowledge, return, accept
(a greeting): *Riwi ... silaw li kelekoki kir.
Kelekoki silaw je wergirt (SK 4:30) The fox ...
saluted the cock. The cock acknowledged his
salute; 3) to wear, put on (clothing): »Sol bi tene
zivistana dikarin wergirin (MB, p.61) As for
shoes, only in wintertime could they wear any
[because they were so poor]; -cilen xwe
wergirtin (IFb) to get dressed, put one's clothes
on. [also: [ver-ghirtin] q«s (JJ); <wergirtin ^
(werdigre) CoJ^j 3 ^)> (HH)} Sor wer^girtin
= ’to receive' [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-S/GF TF]
werihan (GF) = to fall out. See werin II.
werimandin vt (-werimin-). 1) [syn:
nep’ixandin) to cause to swell (vt.) , to puff up,
inflate; 2) to praise to excess (B); -xwe
werimandin (B) = a) to puff o.s. up (of roosters) ;
b) to put on airs, be conceited, [also: wermandin
(A); [verimandin] ^(JJ)) < Ar warima ^ = ’to
swell up’ [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/OK//A] <werimin>
werimin vi. (-werim-). to swell (up) (lit &
fig.) : *Serft w! werim! (J) His head swelled up.
[also: [verimin] (JJ)) [syn: nep’ixin; pergifin)
< Ar warima ^ = ’to swell up'
[J/F/K/ (A)/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/OK]
weris (K/IFb/B) = rope. See weris.
werin I q+joj vi. (-wer-). 1) [syn: hatin) to come:
-Were! = Come! Occurs only in subjunctive and
imperative. [BX] See also hatin.
werin II vi. (-wer-). to fall (of leaves) ; to fall
out (of hair): •Pirga min diwerit (B§k) My hair
is falling out. [also: werihan (GF-2); [veriian]
(JJ)) (syn: we§in) [B§k/K/A/GF//JJ] <werandinH>
weris m. (-e; weris [B]). rope; long, thick
woolen twine, used for pitching tents, securing
saddlebags to oxen, etc. (B); hemp rope (HH): *Ka
vi werisi li noqa xwe bip£ge. Ezft te
berdime bire, ave ji me re derine (Wit 2:59,
p.15) Tie this rope around your waste. I will let
you down into the well, bring up water for us.
[also: waris; weris (K/IFb/B); [veris] (JJ);
<wer is> (HH)) (syn: kap I; k’indir [2]; qimap;
§erit [1]) Mid P arwes = 'rope' (M3); Sor gures
guris Hau werese f. = 'woollen rope
(for tying load on mule, etc.)' (M4)
[AB/JB3/JJ/HH/GF//K/lFb/B] <ben; dav II>
wer• kirin vt (wer-k-). 1) (syn: nixamtin;
peg’avtin; weranin) to cover: «Kurk§ xwe li
ser§ xwe werkir (L) He covered himself with his
fur coat; 2) to put on, throw on (clothes) (B).
[L/K/B]
wermandin (A) = to inflate. See werimandin.
wer§aq jUjoj (GF) = lynx. See we§eq.
wer§ek (IFb/OK) = lynx. See we§eq.
wer§eq (Wit) = lynx. See we§eq.
werz Jjoj m. (-e; ). 1) (syn: p'arez I) field, patch, or
bed in which melons and the like are grown:
-werze gindora (Bw) melon patch: # Werzek§
gundura ye hey, gunduret xo hemi bi bera
ve dan, ev et hindey§t mezin pergiqandin,
ev et bigftk’oke y§ didanite ser (JB1-A #189)
He has a melon patch, he has thrown all his melons
against the rocks, those that were this big he
smashed, and those that were small he put on top;
2) (syn: demsal; nir II) season (of the year), [also:
<werz> (HH)) Cf. P varzldan <jju= 'to
cultivate, sow’ & kesavarz j_^UT= ’farmer’; Sor
werz jjoj = 'agricultural year, agriculture'
[Bw/K/A/IFb/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK]
wesiyet o*u~oj, (GF) = will, testament. See wesyet.
wesiyet (K/B) = will, testament. See wesyet.
westabun f. (K/JB3) = fatigue. See westan I.
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westan I {syn : qefili (Kg)) fatigue,
weariness, tiredness: •Dixebitin em her gav,
nizanin gi ye westan (AB) We work all the
time, we don’t know what fatigue is. {also:
westabun, f. (K-2/JB3); westiyan (B); <westan>
(jlk^ (HH)) [AB/K/(A)/IFb//B//HH] <westandin;
westin>
westan II q {^ o 3 (A/IFb/SK/OK)/west’an (JBl-A) = to
be tired; to stop. See westin.
westandin vt. (-westin-). to tire s.o. out,
exhaust, wear out: *Box k’uta, nav garan§
gerand, westand (}) He beat the bull, made it run
among the cattle, tired it out. [also: cwestandin
(diwestine) C(HH)) {syn: relit
kirin) For etymology see westin.
[J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/OK//HH] <westan; westin>
westiyan (JB3/OK)/wesPiyan (}B 1-A) = to be
tired. See westin.
westin vi. (-west- / -westa-). l) {syn:
betilin; qefilin [2]; re c t bun) to be tired, weary: «Ew
zu diweste (B) He gets tired easily •FSrik lawo,
miqati Stisike be, ewe hela big’uke, dibe
biweste, pa§da bimine, bixalife, tu je dUr
nek’eve, ali we bike (Ba2-#2, p.206) Ferik my
son, take care of Susik, she is still small, perhaps
she will get tired, fall behind, [or] get lost; you stay
close to her [lit. ’don't fall far from her’], help her
•Westime = I'm tired [lit. 'I have become tired']; 2)
to stop (SK/OK): *GuIle li fexe gepi nawike
westa, dernekewt (SK 18:170) The bullet
stopped on the left side of bis navel and did not
come out •Pi§t-ft-pi§t kewt, Ketta bin£
minare newesta (SK 15:150) He fell down
backward and did not stop until he reached the
bottom of tbe minaret, {also: wastan/wastin (TF) =
westan/west in ?\ westan II (A/IFb-2/SK/OK-
2)/wesPan (JBl-A-2); westiyan (JB3/OK)/west 5 iyan
(JBl-A); <westan> (HH)) [Pok. sta-:sta- 1004.]
'to stand’: Skt stha- [tisthati]; O Ir sta- (Ras, p.131):
Av sta- [histaiti] = 'to stand’; O P sta- [a-istata 3.sing.
imp£]\ Mid P Sstadan (S st-) = 'to stand, be, continue’
(M3); P ostadan Sor westan = ’to
stand’ [Ad/K/IFb/B/GF/OK//A//HH//JB3] <qefili;
westan; westandin>
westiyan (B) = fatigue. See westan I.
wesyet o<w>oj [SK]/wesyet [B/AD] £ (-a;
-£). last will and testament: *Wext§ ez bigftk
min ji bab§ xo bihist, got, "W6 berx§
gelek cun dan e min. Se u §wan Kazir bun,
ne§yam tola xo we-kem." Wesyet li me
ewlad§ xo kiriye, gotiye, ’Her ciy§ hung
wS berxg bibinin tola min we-ken.' Bo
wihe te cewab niye, elbette tola babe xo
nahelim, wesyeta babe xo bettal nakem"
(SK 5:57) When I was small I heard my father say,
"That lamb abused me greatly. The shepherd and
his dog were present so I could not take my
revenge.” His last words to us his children were,
c Avenge me on that lamb whenever you may see
him.’ You have no answer to that. Certainly I shall
not fail to avenge my father nor betray his last
words." {also: waseti (TF); wasiyet (IFb); wesiyet
(GF); wesiyet (K/B-2); [vesiiet] (JJ); <wesiyyet>
(HH)) < Ar waslyah ~ ’will, testament,
bequest, legacy’ --> T vasiyet; Sor wesyet O
[SK/B/AD//GF//HH//JJ//IFb//TF]
we§ £ (). 1) shaking, trembling; 2) swinging,
swaying, rocking (A), {also: [vech] (JJ))
[AB/K/A/JJ/GF]
we§an I jUoj (IFb) = to fall out. See we§in.
we§an II £ (). publication: -we§anen Roja Nu
= [lit. ’new day publications'] series published by
the Roja Nu publishing house in Stockholm,
Sweden. [(neol)IFb/TF] <gap II; ne§ir>
we§andin vt. (-we§in-). 1) to shake, shake
out (vt.) ; to throw about violently; 2) {syn:
peresandin) to publicize, spread, diffuse; to
publish, {also: [vechandin] qj .jjLj (JJ)) Sor
we§andin = 'to wave, shake, broadcast
(seed)' [K/A/IFb/B/JJ/BK/GF/TF] <daw[e]§andin>
we§anxane £ (-ya; ). publisher, publishing
house. [IFb/Pencinar] <gapxane>
we§arin qjUoj, (SK) = to hide. See ve§artin.
we§ek (IFb/OK) = lynx. See we§eq.
we§eq £ ( ;-e). lynx, zool. Lynx lynx : «§§r ji
keftaran qet hez nakin. Le ji wer§eqe
(wer§eq-we§eq ktiviyeke ku post§ w§ pirr
rind e) zehf hez dikin (Wit 2:100, p.13) Lions
don't like hyenas at all. But they very much like
the lynx (the lynx is a wild animal with a very nice
pelt), {also: wer§aq (GF); wer§ek (IFb-2/OK-2);
wer§eq (Wlt-2); we§ek (IFb/OK); [vachaq] (JJ))
*Pahl varsnagan (JJ); Ar waSaq ^ -> T va§ak; Sor
644
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we§ek [Wlt//JJ//IFb/OK//GF] <piling; p’isik;
we§eq>
we§iyan jLi;©* (JB3) = to fall out. See we§in.
we§in vi. (-we§-). to fall out (hair) ; to fall
(leaves) : •Payizan pel ji daran diwe§in (AB)
in the fall, leaves fall from the trees, {also: we§an I
(IFb- 2 ); wegiyan (JB3-2); [vechiian] (JJ);
<we§an (diwege) C«*4s*0> (HH)} [syn: werin [ 2 ]}
[K/JB3/IFb/B//HH//JJ] <k’etin>
weginek J a; ). broadcast(ing): -wegineka
k’urdi (GF) Kurdish broadcasting. [(neol)IFb/GF]
wext m.(K/SK)/f.(W) (-el- a; /-e). time: -t’u
wext = never (syn: t’ucar; t’u gax); -wexte
giroka (L) story time; -wextekS (L) once (upon a
time), {also: [vaqit] (JJ)) {syn: gax; gav; we’de)
< Ar waqt —> P vaqt —> T vakit
[Bx/K/JB3/IFb/B/SK//JJ] <wexta; xel>
wexta [ko] \}S] Lsoj conj. when ... : *Darbir wexta
gti. mege ... (Dz) When the woodcutter went to
the forest ... •Te bira te, wexta go em hatin
ber we ave? (L) Do you remember when we
went to that river? • wexta bft evar (L) when it
was evening, {also: wexte (K/B- 2 /SK); [vaqt-a kou]
(JJ)) {syn: gava [ko]) < ezafeh of wext
[L/Dz/IF/B//K//JJ]
wexte (K/B/SK) = when. See wexta [ko].
wexer j<v>o 3 (M-Ak) = luck. See oxir.
wey I ^03 (IFb) = alas! woe! See way.
wey II ^03 = like, as. See wek.
we’z f. ( ;-e). [Islamic] sermon: •[Mela Bazid
ekseri we’z ti giret didaye Ekradan fl li
mizgevtS nesihet dikirin di we’zd da
digot...] (JR-3) Most of the time Mullah Bazid gave
sermons and admonitions to the Kurds and advised
them in the mosque, and in his sermons he would
say.... {also: waaz (IFb); [<waaz>] (JR)) < Ar
wa'z k &3 = ’admonition, warning, sermon’
[JR/IFb//K] <gotar>
wezaret oojljoj f. (-a;-e). government ministry:
•Berdevke wezareta kare derve ya
Emerika James Rubin (CTV7) American State
Department [=foreign ministry] spokesman James
Rubin, (syn: galyari; weziri) < Ar wizarah 6j)j 3
[K/IFb/GF]
wezife **>>3 t (). duty, obligation: *Di encame de
ji bo hilgirtina van peywiran (wezifeyan)
ev endam hatin hilbijartin (Wit 1:36, p.5) In
the end, these members were elected to carry out
these duties, (syn: peywir; vat ini) <Ar wazlfah
Sor wezife = ’duty, official
appointment’ [Wlt/F/K/IFb/JJ/SK] <vatini>
wezir ^>3 m. (-e; ). vizier, government minister.
{also: [vezir] (JJ); <wezir> 3 JJ 3 (HH)} (syn: galyar)
< Ar wazir Sor wezir ^>jo 3 = 'minister, queen
(chess)’ (wezaret; wezir[t]i)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
weziri ^jo 3 f. (). office of vizier or minister;
■ •
government ministry, {also: weziri (K/A/TF);
w'ezirti (K-2)) (syn: galyari; wezaret)
[K/A/TF//IFb/GF/OK] <wezir>
wezirti ^Jo 3 (K) = ministry. See weziri.
wel^ prn. f. 1 ) she, it; her, it; her, its; 2 ) that (f.)
■ •
(obi. of ew [sing. £]} : -li w£ (der£) = there.
[Bx/K/A/IFb/B/TF]
we II ^ 3 . 1 ) [+ subj.] future tense marker (often
• •
shortened to e.g., ez w§-> ez§, em w§—>
emej : »Her yanzdeh kufe mine dine we
jera xulamtie bikin (Ba) All my other eleven
sons will serve him; 2 ) [+ (pres./past) indc.]
(present/past) continuous tense marking :
• Divinin bukek we xwera razaye (Dz) They
see that the young woman has fallen asleep
• Divinin we xortek gae xwe t’eze girtye
ku qogke (Dz) They see that the young man has
just barely taken his bull(s) to tie them to the
plough (describes him as lazy [taze = ?just barely])
• Dinhefin we bukeke cahil guxule xwe
xilas kirye ft nan§ m£r£ xwei cotk’ar
giredaye (Dz) They see that the young woman
has finished her work and has tied up her husband
the farmer’s food (into a bundle], {also: de II; -e)
[K/IFb/GF]
weda interj. 1 ) Get away! Scram! Scat! Get out!:
• Weda here! (B) Get out of here!; -weda bfin (K)
to be pushed aside; -weda dan/kirin (K) to push
aside: *Min boxeki stru-gkesti, g’e’veki
kor, lingeki t’opal dit, wg Keft box§ qizil
w£da kirye (EP-4, # 16 ) I saw a bull [or male
deer] with a broken horn, blind in one eye, lame in
one foot pushing aside [or keeping at bay] seven
red males; 2 ) [adv.] (syn: we dere) there: -virda
weda = here and there, {also: wede (TF)}
[EP-4/K/B//TF] <weve>
wede 0 JU 3 (TF) = there. See w§da.
645
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wedetir (KS) = on that side; rather. See w§vetir.
w£je ojjj f (-ya;-ye). literature. <Sor weje (K 2 )
{also: vije (IFb- 2 ); wije (IFb- 2 ))
[(neol)Wlt/K(s)/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
wdjevan 6 ^'ojis ni. (). litterateur, man of letters;
writer: •Hemd wejedosten Kurd li ba§ure
Kurdistan£ vi navi dinasin, torevaneki
(w§jevaneki) rezdar, birdmet d
ni§timanperwer (Wit 2:73, p.13) All Kurdish
literature lovers in northern Kurdistan know this
name, a respected, renowned, and patriotic
litterateur, {also: wejewan (K[s]); wijekar (IFb)) (syn;
torevan I) [(neol)Wlt/GF//K(s)//IFb] <nivisk’ar>
wejewan (K[s]) = writer. See wejevan.
w£jey! ^£3 adj. literary. [(neol)Wlt/GF/TF] <weje>
w§n*e f. ( ;*e). picture; portrait; photograph:
-w§ne girtin (GF) to take pictures, photograph.
{also: vene; wine (K[s])l ( syn: sifet [4]) <Sor wene
= 'example, reflection, picture'
[A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/OK//K(s)]
w^nekar jlT-uJ* m.&f. (). artist, painter: *Wenekar
Fevzi Bilge, di tabloyen xwe de bi gi§ti
jina Kurd bi awayeki folklorik bi kar tine
(Wit 2:71, p. 6 ) The artist Fevzi Bilge generally
presents [lit. ’uses'] the Kurdish woman in a
folkloric manner in his paintings, {also: weneker
(A); wenevan (IFb/GF)} [(neol)Wlt/OK//A//IFb/GF]
weneker (A) = artist. See wenekar.
w§nek 3 £§ m.&f. (). photographer, picture
taker. [(neol)IFb/OK]
wenevan (IFb/GF) = artist. See wenekar.
w@ran I q) adj. destroyed, annihilated, in ruins,
laid waste: -weran kirin (B) to destroy,
annihilate, lay waste, raze to the ground:
• Eskeran ji bo v£ yek§ gund£ qereqoyune
w£ran kir (ber) troups destroyed the villages of
the Karakoyun for that reason, {also: [virane]
01 ); <weran> j )^ (HH)) {syn: kavil; xirab [ 2 ];
^tava; ^§en) Cf. P veiran ^1 Sor weran j) =
’ruined, desolate’ |BeT/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ]
weran II q) (JB3/IFb/}J/SK/GF/TF/Bw) = to dare. See
w£rin.
w@rin vt. (-w§r-: neg. ne-). to dare: *Ez
new§rim (Bw) I don’t dare •Hema ne werin
rabin (L) But they didn't dare get up «Tu ne
w§ri li v§ der§ raz§ (L) you don’t dare sleep
here »Wi§i§ tiri li hindaw§ r£kan lietta
neziki zistanfc dima. Kes nediwdra dest
biket e (SK 51:554) Bunches of grapes would
remain (hanging) above the roads until nearly
winter. Nobody dared to touch them, {also: weran
II (JB3/IFb-2/GF-2/Bw); [veran] ^ (JJ); <werin>
(HH)) Cf. Sor weran q\
[L/K/A/IFb/GF/HH//}B 3/JJ/SK/TF/B w]
w£ve <ka > 3 adv. on or to that side, that direction,
thither, beyond: *Hirve ber d weve ber / ye
di niv£ da Mir c Umer [cuhni/cdni] (AZ #3,
p.73) Stone on this side and stone on that / what's
in the middle is Prince Omar [rdf: ans.: mortar 7; -ji
ft-1 weve (Bw) the other side of [T -den ote; clq
Armin ... u-la-yad jjJj ... «ji cisri w£ve
(Bw) the other side of the bridge *ji erwe wewe
(SK) from here to there, {also: wewe (SK))
[Bw/OK//SK] <herve; wevetir>
wevetir yoJZj adv. 1 ) on or to that side, that
direction, thither, beyond; 2 ) rather: •KincSn we
ji yen jineke wedetir weke yen mereki
bun (KS, p.39) Her clothes, rather than being like
those of a woman, were [more] like those of a man.
{also: wedetir (KS)) [Bw//KS] <weve>
wewe 03 J 3 (SK) = on that side. See weve.
wicdan f. ( ). conscience: •Tefiqiqa madde
de Kewale-y wicdan o insafa te keyn,
emma ez gelek te’eccube dikem, bo gi
ewan muroet hingo §ahidie diden li-ser
hingo (SK 54:611) We shall continue the inquiry
in the light of your conscience and sense of justice,
but I wonder very much why these your own men
bear witness against you. {also: wijdan (K/GF);
wijdan (OK- 2 )) < Ar wijdan Sor wicdan
^Ia^ [SK/IFb/OK//K/GF] <isaf>
wiha l jtj adv. thus, in this way, so: •P , ad§a d wezir
radibin dik’evine dilqe dewre§a, weheke
ji nava §eher digerin (Z-922) The king and
vizier go disguise themselves (or, dress up) as
dervishes, and in that way they wander about the
city, [also: weha (IFb-2/TF); wehe (Z-922/K);
[vouha] bfcj (JJ); <wiha> l(HH)) [syn; wer; wisa;
wilo) [Z-922/K//IFb/HH/GF//JJ//TF]
wijdan (K/GF) = conscience. See wicdan.
wila % = so, thus. See wilo.
wilo j^lj adv. so, such, in that way, thus: «Gava
qundir wilo ji bave xwe re got (L) When the
gourd said that [lit. ’thus’] to its father *Ne wilo
646
w
ye? (IFb) Isn't that so? {also: ulo; wila; [viilol^Jj (JJ)}
(syzr wer; wiha; wisa} [K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF]
winda 1 jJj adj. lost, missing: -[ji ber] winda bun (L)
to disappear, vanish {syn: beta vebun; red bun;
roda gun): *L§ zivistane, / wexta berf dik’et,
mal bi carekeva bin berfeda unda dibun
... gund bi carekeva ber g’ava unda dibd
(Ba2-3, p.213-214) But in winter, when it would
snow, the houses would completely disappear
under the snow ... the village would completely
vanish from sight; -winda bdn (B) to be or get
lost; -winda kirin (B) to lose, misplace (vt .).
{also: hinda II (Z-2/Msr/Snd); unda (B); wenda (GF-
2); wunda; [vynda] IjJj (JJ)} (syn: berza} Cf. Mid P
wany = 'lost, destroyed' (M3); Sor wun/win ^
(=biziryp) = 'mislaid, lost, absent'; Za vini = 'lost'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//B//Z-2/Msr]
wir ^ adv. there: -li wir (GF) do. {also: wira (B)} { syn:
li we (dere); ^ vir 1} [K/GF//B]
wira (B) - there. See wir.
wisa Lj adv. thus, so, in such a way: •Herin wana
ciki wisa §erj§kin, li k’u xw£de t’unebe
(Ba) Go slaughter them in (such) a place where
there is no God «Wana wisa ji kir (Ba) They did
just that (=that very thing) «Ez§ usa bikim,
weki zian§ bidim m6§6 (Dz) I will act in such a
way as to bring harm to the forest. 1 also: usa (B-2);
ussa (B-2/IS); ussan (IS); wisan (K); wisa (IFb-2);
[vousa Lj/vousan ^Lj] (JJ); <wisan> (HH))
Isyn.-wer; wiha; wilo} [Ba/A/JB3/IFb/JJ//K//B//HH]
wisan (K) = thus, so. See wisa.
wi ^ pm. m. 1) he, it; him, it; his, its; 2) that (m.) {obi
of ew {sing. m.]j. {also: wina (GF-2); [vi ^/evi ^1]
(JJ)} [Bx/K/JB3/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/TF]
wijdan (OK) = conscience. See wicdan. •
wije ojpj (IFb) = literature. See wSje.
wijekar (IFb) = writer. See wdjevan.
win ^ (Ad) = to be; to become. See btin.
wina Ljj (GF) = him, his. it[s]. See wi.
wine (K[s]) = picture. See w§ne.
wisa (IFb) = thus, so. See wisa.
wi§i (SK) = bunch of grapes. See gfl§i.
• •
wunda 1 = lost. See winda.
wurz Jjh f. (). cedar (tree), bot. Cedrus. {also: erz II
(F/GF); urz (IFb-2/AA/OK)} Cf. Ar arz jJ
[IFb/RF//OK/AA//F/GF]
wyan (-we-) (SK) = must; to need; to want; to love.
See viyan.
i
647
1
X
xag/xag 5 [K] p-U. m./f.(Zeb/OK) ( /-a; xeg/). cross:
-Xaga Sor (OK) Red Cross, {also: [khatchj^-G. (JJ);
<xag> (HH)) < Arm xad‘ hui£~> T hag
[F / A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/OK/Zeb//K]
xagepirs £ (-a;-£). crossword puzzle, {syn:
xagerez) [Wlt/RF/RN2] <geperast; serejer>
xagerez Jj £ (). crossword puzzle, {also:
xagerezk (TF)} {syn: xagepirs) [IFb//TF] <apik;
mamik>
xagerezk a^G. (TF) = crossword puzzle. See
xagerez.
xade (EP-7) = God. See xwede.
xadim ^jG. £ (). 1) {also: [khoudamk] (JJ);
<xadim pjG./xidam ^ (HH)) {syn: cari) female
servant, maidservant; 2) [m.] {also: [khadim]
(JJ)) eunuch, {also: xedem (Z-3); xidam; xiddam)
< Ar xadim pjG. = 'servant' —> T hadim = 'eunuch'
[Z-3//K/IF/JJ/HH] <xizmetk’ar>
xag -fU (IFb) = unripe; naive. See xam.
xain (F/B/SK) = traitor. See xayin.
xaini ^y-JG. (F/B/JJ) = treachery. See xayinti.
xainti (B) = treachery. See xayinti.
xal I JG» m. (-e;-e [B]). maternal uncle, mother's
brother |T dayi). [also: xwal (Bx); [khal] JG. (JJ);
<xal> JL>. (HH)) < Ar xal JU-; Sor xal JG»; Za xal
m. (Todd) {xalti II) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
Rh//Bx] <ap; jinxal; mam; pilik; xalojn; xalti;
xwarzi>
xal II JL. £ (-a;-e). 1) {syn: deq [1]; kekmek)
birthmark; freckle; beauty spot: -xala suret (Ba)
do.; 2) {syn: niqitk [2]) point (in several meanings),
dot: »Ez dikarim armanca me di gend xalan
de §irove bikim (Wit 1:37, p.16) I can explain
our goals in a couple of points, {also: xali I (IF-2);
[khal] JG. (JJ) ] < Ar xal JG.; Sor xal JG.
[Ba/F/K/A/B/IFb/JJ/JBl-A/GF/TF] <ni§an [5]>
xalet oaJG. (Bsk) = maternal aunt. See xalti I.
xalifin vi. (-xalif-). to err, get lost, go astray,
lose one’s way: «F£rik lawo, miqati SUsikS
be, ewe hela big’flke, dibe biweste, pa§da
bimine, bixalife, tu je dfir nek’eve, ali w§
bike (Ba2:2, p.206) Ferik my son, take care of
Susik, she is still small, perhaps she will get tired,
fall behind, [or] get lost; you stay close to her [lit.
'don’t fall far from her'], help her. {also: xelifin
(IFb); [khalifin] q^jJG. (JJ)) {syn: re winda kirin; §a§
648
♦
bun) < Ar Vx-l-f uds. - ’to be left behind’
[Ba2/K/B/JJ//IFb]
xali I C ^J Li. (IF) = freckle. See xal II.
xali II ^G. (IFb/B) = carpet. See xalige.
xali III ^G. = ash(es); soil, dirt. See xweli.
xalig«e <A*JU./xalig 5 e [B] £ (•a;»e). carpet, rug;
shaggy carpet (JJ) [khalitche]: «Ewana t’evaxek
k’axez danine bin xalige (Ba3-1) They put a
sheet of paper underneath the carpet •C’iya usa
bedew dibfi, meriv t’ire xaliga Xurustane
ser wi raxistine (Ba2:l, p.202) The mountain
was so beautiful, people thought that Khurasani
rugs had been spread out over it. {also: xali II (IFb-
2/B); [khalitche a>JGV qalitche a>JU] (JJ); <xalige>
a^JG. (HH)) {syn: mehfur; temne (F)) Cf. P qall[6e]
[a*]JU--> T hah; Sor qali Jb = 'carpet' & qalige
a>JU = 'rug'; Za xali £ (Todd)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK/Ag] <kulav [3];
raxistin; tati>
xalile dJli (Ah) = finger cymbal. See xelil.
xaloj jgJG. (IF) = aunt. See xalojn.
xalojn ^yJU. £ ( ;-§). wife of maternal uncle, aunt.
{also: xaloj (IF)) {syn: jinxal; pilik (A/IF)) Cf. Sor
Y
xalojin QjgJG.; < xal = 'maternal uncle' + jin 'wife'
[IF//K/B] <amojin; xal I>
xalti I ^^JG. £ (-ya;-ye). maternal aunt, mother's
sister, {also: xalet (Bsk); xaltik (A/K-2); xat; xati
(F/K/B/Wn/Bt/M§); [khalet] cJG. (JJ); <xalet> cJG.
(HH)) <Ar xalah aIG- = 'maternal aunt' --> P xale
aJG-—> T hala = paternal aunt’; Za xal £ (Todd);
=Sor pur [F/K/IF/Rh//Bsk/JJ/HH//A//F/K/
B/Wn/Bt/M§] <xal I; xalojn/jinxal/pilik>
xalti II ^G. £ ( ;-ye). relationship of kinship
• ■
between a child and his mother's brother,
unclehood. [K/B] <xal 1; xarzi II; xwarzi>
xaltik ciLgJG. (A/K) = maternal aunt. See xalti I.
xalxalk dJGJG. f.(Bw)/m.(OK) (-a/ ; ). spleen, {syn:
dedik; fatere§k; tefiel) = Sor sipil J-^ [Bw/IFb/OK]
xalxalok JyJUJG. £ (-a; ). ladybug, ladybird, lady
beetle, zool. Coccinella. {also: <xalxalok> -J^JGJG.
(HH)) Sor xalxaloke a 5^GJG. [Dh/IFb/HH/GF/OK]
xam pG. adj. 1) {syn: k’al II) unripe, immature (of
melons, tobacco, etc.) [xang II]; 2) (syn; cahil; na§i;
nestel; nezan; ^dinyaditi] naive, inexperienced,
'greenhorn' [xam/xav]: •Clsibi xame (Ba) Joseph
is inexperienced; 3) untouched, virgin (fig.) ; 4)
j
X
raw, uncooked (A/B/Haz); undercooked (B) [xav]:
•go§t§ xav (B) = a) raw meat; b) undercooked
meat •nand xav (B) underbaked bread; 5) crude,
coarse, rude; indelicate, unbreakable, sturdy [xam];
6) uncultivated, untilled (1 and) (B) [xam/xav];
untreated, unprocessed (B) [xav]: •p’oste xav/
g’erme xav (B) rawhide, untreated leather, {also:
xag (IFb-2); xang II (F-2/IFb-2); xav (K-2/A/JB3/
B-2/IFb-2/GF-2); xavi (K-2); xaw; [khaw jG/kham
^G] (JJ); <xav JU./ xang Jj G> (HH)) Cf. Ar/P xam
pG; Sor xam pG/xaw 3 G; Za xax (Todd) (xam[t]i)
[Ba/F/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF//A/JB3/HH/Haz]<firik>
xamberdir ^ jj*.*-*G f. ( ;-e). three-year-old barren
or dry sheep. < xam + berdir [EP-8/K/B] cberdir;
mi I>
xami ^G (K/A) = immaturity; naivete; sturdiness. See
xamti.
xamti ^^G f ( ;-ye). 1) immaturity; 2)
■ ■
inexperience, innocence, naivete (K/B); 3)
sturdiness (of metal) . [also: xami (K/A)) [B//K/AJ
<xam>
xan I qG. f. (-a;-e). inn, coaching inn, khan,
caravanserai, {also: [khan] jG (]J); <xan> jG (HH)(
( syn: kervansere, f. (F): qonax [2]) Cf, Ar/P xan
jG, T han = ’inn'; Sor xan jG
[Ba2/]R/K/IFb/B/]]/HH/GF[ <lltel>
xan II jG (JBl-A) = house. See xani.
xandin jjjG (M-Zx/Bw) = to read. See xwendin.
xan§ jjG adj. visible; apparent, evident, clear,
••
obvious: -hatin xane (XF) to be visible, apparent,
evident, to appear: •T’une ciki, weki xwede
ne£ xane (BA-1, #3) There is no place in which
God does not appear. The following expressions
are made with this construction : -'Erdeva nae
xan§ (XF) He is very short (of stature) [lit. 'he is
not to be seen on earth'); -Seri-bini nae xane
(XF) It goes on forever, is endless [lit. 'its head and
end are not to be seen'] {also: xwani (GF); xwuyane
(F)} i syn: a§kere; diyar; k’if§; xuya) [Ad/Z-l/K//
GF//F] <xuyan I>
xang I JjG (Bg) = sister. See xh§k.
xang II JjG (F/IFb/JJ) = unripe; naive. See xam.
xanik JbG mJf.(Dh) (-e/-a; ). small, low round
table used for rolling dough to make bread:
-xanka nani (Dh) do. (syn: xongei Sor xuwan
jl$i = 'table (esp. table, tray or mat spread for
meal)’ [=Kurm sifre]; = Sor pine & derxon
(Kerkuk) [Bw/GF/OK] <nan; set; tirok>
xanim ^jG f. (-a;-e). lady, madam; Mrs. (refers to a
married woman, whereas xatfin is used for an
unmarried woman) (Zeb); wife of an agha, beg,
etc.: • Gote jina xo, "xanim.” Xanime got,
"Bele, ez qurban" (SK 23:217) He said to his
wife, "My lady." The lady said, "Yes, at your
service." {also: xanum (F); [khanoum] pjG (JJ);
<xanim> ^jG (HH)) Cf. P xanum p_>G (of Tatar
origin); Sor xanim ^jG [FT/K/A/IFb/
B/HH/SK/GF/TF//F/JJ] <jin; xatun>
xani ^G m. (-ye; xeni). 1 ) house; dwelling;
building- this word is used for the physical
structure, whereas mal = home, the mental
concept : *Aqh p’exember rabti ser x§ni
(Ba) Jacob the prophet got up on the roof [lit.
'rose to the top of the house'] «Zava gh ser
xeni (AB) The groom went up to the roof;
2) roof (BK). {also: xan II (JBl-A); [khani] ^G
(JJ); <xani> ^G (HH)) Cf. P xane «*jG; Sor
xane <ijG & xanu^G; Hau yane m. (M4).
[BK/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <mal I;
qonax>
xan-man jLjG/xanman jLjG [K] m. (-§; x§n-
m£n [B]). 1 ) houses, buildings; residence: •Boxi
bimbareke k’uge-k’uge Meme digerine,
der xan-mane Qeret’ajdinva dertine (EP-7)
blessed Bor smoothly transports Mem, brings him
to the residence of Qeretajdin; 2) house and home;
family, household, {also: x anuman (IFb/GF)) Sor
xan-u-man jL 3 jG [EP-7/B//K//IFb/GF] <xani>
xanoq jpG (). type of black grape. [Msr] <tiri>
xanot c^JhG (M-Ak) = loom. See xanflt.
xanum ^G (F) = lady. See xanim.
xanuman jC 33 :G (IFb/GF) = residence; household.
See xan-man.
xanflt 0331 G f. (-a;-§). weaver's loom; weaver's shop
(Bw): *Cu u cot, Kurmanc u xanut, 'Ereb H
rivaz (Zeb) Jews and plows, Kurds and looms,
Arabs and rbubarb [adage regarding ethnic
identity] *Ew gu maleka cda, gote, 'Min
ve§§rin.' Ctia got@, 'Were, here di korka
xanot§ da' (M-Ak #673, p.304) He went to a
household of Jews and said to them, ’Hide me'. The
Jews said to him, ’Come and get into the pit of the
loom', [also: xanot (M-Ak)) {syn: t’evn) < NENA
khanuta ltsojjj = 'loom’ (Maclean) < Arc hanuta
xrmn = 'tent, esp. tradesman's shop' & Syr
649
X
hOnuto IIsoJjj = 'arched chamber, cell, stall, booth'
[Zeb/IFb/GF/OK//M-Ak]
xap yU. /. (-a; ). 1) deceit, cheating; 2) j syn: motik}
dummy egg in a chicken coop, to keep hens laying
eggs, decoy. [Qrj/K/IFb/GF/TF/AD]
xapandin vt. (-xapin-). to trick, fool, cheat,
deceive: •Melle, te ez xapandim (Dz) Mullah,
you have tricked me; -xwe ti§tekida xapandin
[XF) to pretend to be busy doing stg., to soldier:
•Hema wi wexti bek’o qesta xwe tenge
hespa xweda dixapand (Z-l) At the same time,
beko pretended to be busy with his horse's saddle
girth, [also: [khapandin] (JJ); <xapandin
jjjLU. (dixapine) C (HH)) { syn: lebandin)
Cf. W Arm xapel K»uipt|_ = to deceive 1
[Dz/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/ HH/GF/TF] <delk’;
xapin>
xapiyan jloU. (JB3) = to be fooled; to be wrong. See
xapin.
xapin vi. (-xap-). to be fooled, tricked,
deceived, cheated: *Gur gawa xapya (J) How the
wolf was tricked, (also: xapiyan (JB3); [khapiian]
(JJ)) {syn: lebyan (SK)) Cf. W Arm xapel
NuipfcL = 'to deceive' [F/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//JB3/JJ]
<xapandin>
xar I jU. (K/Z-l/SK/JJ) = down; low; crooked. See
xwar.
xar II jL> (DM) = flock, herd. See xai II.
xar III jls (IFb) = gallop. See xar I.
xarandin jU. (Z-2) = to bridle, restrain. See
xerandin.
xarayi jU. (B) = crookedness; slope. See xwarayi.
• •
xarin qj[± (Ba/J/Ag) = to eat; food. See xwarin.
xaringe[h] [a]aSjjU. (zx) = restaurant. See xwaringeh
[ 2 ].
xari (SK) = crookedness; slope. See xwarayi.
••
xarnup yyjli (Ah) = carob. See xernhf.
xaromar jLjjU. (K) = crooked. See xwaro-maro.
xaro maro JjLjjls (IFb) = crooked. See xwaro-maro.
xarovar (Zeb/Dh) = crooked. See xwaro-
maro.
xartiz m. (). string of dried nuts, for winter use.
{also: <xaruz> (HH)| {syn: gelwaz; §aran) <
Arc haraz Tlfl = 'to string beads' & Syr haraz =
'to string, perforate for stringing together, as pearls
for a necklace', also NENA x-r-z/y-r-z = 'to string
(beads) (Sabar:Dict) [Btm/Grc/HH/GF] cbeni II[2];
me§lur>
xarz jjU. (B) = nephew or niece. See xwarzi.
xarza ) jjU. (SK) = nephew or niece. See xwarzi.
Xarzan j)JjU.. region of Sason and Hazo (Kozluk) in
the northern part of the province of Batman,
Kurdistan of Turkey, {also: Xerzan (IF)) [Haz//IF]
<Xarzi III>
xarzi I (IF) = nephew or niece. See xwarzi.
• •
xarzi II (B) = relationship between a child and his
• •
or her mother's brother.See xwarziti.
Xarzi III (). name of a Kurdish tribe inhabiting
the region of Sason and Hazo (Kozluk) in the
northern part of the province of Batman (formerly
part of Sert [Siirt]), Kurdistan of Turkey. [Haz]
<Xarzan>
xarzti (B) = relationship between nephew or
• •
niece and maternal uncle. See xwarziti.
xasi (F/K) - mother-in-law. See xesu.
••
xastin (-xaz-) (SK) = to want; to request. See
xwestin.
xat oU. = maternal aunt. See xalti I.
xatir/xat’ir [JBl-S] m.(K/B)/f.(JBl-A&S/SK)
(-e/-a; xStir/ ). 1 ) good will, benevolence; favor:
-xatir xwestin = to take one’s leave: •Hakim
suwar bft ft xatir ji mala xwe ji mijlisa
xwe xwest (L) The ruler mounted [his horse] and
took his leave of his family and friends; -bi xatire
te (IFb)/bi xatira te (JBl-A)/xatira te (SK) good
bye ( said by a guest to signal his intention to leave,
to which the host responds by saying oxir be,
qv. [cf. T Allafh'a ijsmarladik, to which the reply
is Giile giile & Ar bi-xatirkum , to which the reply is
ma‘a al-salamah J); 2) respect, honor (B); 3)
remembrance; sake (SK): -bo xatira (SK) for the
sake of. [also: [khatir] (JJ); <xatir> >»U. (HH))
< Ar xatir = 'idea, desire, sake'; Sor xatir
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/SK/GF/TF]
xati (F/K/B/Wn/Bt/M§) = maternal aunt. See xalti
I.
xatfln c j s yU. f (-a;-£). (noble) woman, lady; Miss,
used largely for unmarried women, whereas
xanim refers to married women (Zeb): *Ya
xatflna delal (L) My dear lady [maitresse]. {also:
[khatun] ^yU. (JJ); <xatun> <jyU. (HH)) Cf. P xatun
(jyU.; T hatun; Sor xatu^y’U. (title)/xatun (jiyU-
650
X
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A&S/GF/TF] <jin;
xanim>
xav JU (K/A/JB3/B/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/Haz) = unripe;
naive. See xam.
xavi (K) = unripe; naive. See xam.
xavli (IFb) = towel. See xawli.
xavlu (IFb) = towel. See xawli.
xaw 3 li = unripe; naive. See xam.
xawli f- (). towel, [also: xavli (IFb-2);
xavlu (IFb)} ( syn: p’ejgir} < T havlu;
Sor xawli [Bw/K(s)/OK/SS//IFb]
<mezer>
xay (Z-l) = owner, master. See xwedi.
xayin qA*. (IFb/JJ/HH) = traitor. See xayin.
xayi = owner, master. See xwedi.
A#
xayin ^li in. (). traitor: «dewleta tirk ya
6ri§ker il xayin ii xwefiro§en Kurd
berpirsiyaren rijandina xwina gele me
ne! (Wit 1:37, p.2) The bellicose Turkish state
and Kurdish traitors and collaborators are
responsible for the spilling of our people’s
blood, [also: xain (F/B-2/SK); xayin (IFb);
[khain] qjU. (JJ); <xayin> (HH)} [syn:
mixenet) <Ar xa’in ^U.; Sor xayen =
’perfidious’; 'traitor' (K2) (xaini; xa[y]in[t]i;
xiyanet} [Wlt/K/B//F/SK//IFb/JJ/HH] <xwefiro§>
xayin! L5 ^o.U- (K/B) = treachery. See xayinti.
• A
xayinti ( j^\± f. ( ;-ye). treachery, deceit, perfidy.
[also: xaini (F/B-2); xainti (B-2); xayini (K-2/B-2);
[khaini] ^yjU. (JJ)} ( syn: mixeneti; xiyanet}
[K/B//F/JJ] <xayin>
xazgingi U. (Ag) = matchmaker; marriage
a a
broker, go-between. See xwazgin.
xazgin - matchmaker; marriage broker,
go-between. See xwazgin.
xazgini (Z-2) = asking for a girl’s hand in
••
marriage. See xwezgini I.
xazil JjU. (F) = if only! See xwezi.
xazok JjjU. (Bw) = beggar. See xwazok.
xebat ol> Ajz- f. (-a 1) ( syn: i§; §uxul} work,
labor: «Li sal§n 1957-58 min dest bi
xebata huneri kir (WM 1:4, p.16) In the
years 1957-58 I began my artistic work; 2) [syn:
k’eft u left; p’ek’ol} struggle; 3) effort, activity.
[also: xevat; [khebat] Llo. (JJ); <xebat> oLs (HH)}
For etymology see xebitin. Sor xebat =
’effort’ [F/K/A/JB 3 /lFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF] <pale;
xebatker; xebitandin; xebitin>
xebatgi (K) = worker. See xebatk’ar.
xebatin (A) = to work. See xebitin.
xebatk’ar m. (). 1 ) [syn: k’arker; p’ale}
worker, workman, laborer; 2) [adj.] diligent, hard
working, [also: xebatgi (K-2); xebatker ([l] K/A; [2]
JB3/JJ); xevatgi (B-2); xevatk’ar (B-2); [khebat-kar
jlTJbLi/ khebat-ker (JJ); <xebatker> ^j'Li
(HH)} (xebatk’ari (K)}
[Haz/K/A/IFb/B/GF//JB3/JJ/HH] <i§; §uxul;
xebat; xebitin; xebitandin>
xebatker (K/A) = worker; (JB3/JJ) ^diligent. See
xebatk’ar.
xeber f.(F/K/B)/m.(JBl-A) (-a/;-e/). 1) [syn:
cab; nuge (neol)} (piece of) news, information; 2)
(syn: gili I[l]; gotin; peyiv; soz; §or} spoken words:
•Eger xebera te derew be, eze §ureki li
stuye te dim, / Sere te ji gewde te
biqetinim (Z-2, p.68) If what you say is a lie, I
will take a sword to your neck, / I will sever your
head from your body; -ji xebera fk-§
derk’etin (XF) to disobey; -xeber dan = a) to
talk, speak (syn: axaftin; mijul dan; peyivin; qise
kirin (Ks); §texilin}; b) to scold, bawl out: •BavS
wi je re xeber dan (L) His father scolded him -
flit, 'said words to him']; -Xebera teye
(K)/Xeberi te ye (Bw/Bar) You are right or
correct: «Rast xebera teye (J) do.*WelIah,
xebera wi ye (L) By God, he’s right •Wellahi,
xebera mevane me ye (L) By God, our guest is
right; -Xeber were ve (Zeb) Let's pretend I never
said anything [lit. ’may the words return (to me)'];
3) IpL] [syn: g’er; dijun I; qise[3]} verbal abuse,
swearing, cuss words, insult (IFb/HH/GF); dirty
words (Bw). [also: [khaber] .^o- (JJ); <xeber>
(HH)} < Ar xabar^o. —> T haber = ’piece of news’;
Sor xeber = 'information, news, message'
[F/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/SK/GF/OK//JJ] cbeje;
lavz; pirs>
xebernam*e f. (•a;«e). dictionary, [also:
xeberneme) (syn: ferheng) [F/K/B/SC]
xeberneme = dictionary. See xebername.
xebitandin vf. (-xebitin-). 1) [syn: bi kar
anin; ’emilandin} to use, make use of, employ; 2) to
cause to work, [also: xevitandin; [khabitandin]
aj jjlko- (JJ); <xebitandin (dixebitine)
r^,)> (HH)} [K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//F]
<xebitin>
651
X
xebitin as. vi. (-xebit-). 1) to work: •"Da§, k’i
xebiti?" go: "lawo, ez xebitim, tu xebiti!"
(J) "Mom, who worked [today]?" she said: "My son,
I worked, [and] you worked!" •Dixebitin em
her gav (AB) We work all the time •Seheta min
naxebite (B) My clock doesn’t work; 2) to
struggle, (syn.'k’ar [II] kirin; gixulin) ( also: xebatin
(A); xevitin; [khabetin] (JJ); <xebitin
(dixebite) (a^o)> (HH)) <Syr Vh-p-t: hepet
*= 'diligent, assiduous, painstaking’ &
ethapat \ = 'to take pains, endeavor, be
diligent; to work in’; NENA khpaa-taa 1X^-9^ = 'to
urge on; to be diligent’ (Oraham); Za xeftyena
[xeftyayi§] = 'to work' (Todd)
lF/K/JB3/IFb/B/HH/*SK/GF/TF//A//JJ] <i§; p’ale; §uxul;
xebat; xebitandin>
xebis (CB/JJ/HH) = type of helva. See xebfis.
xebtis ^^a^. /. (-a;-e). type of helva, a
sweet pastry [T cevizli helva]. [also: xebis (CB);
[khabis] (JJ); <xebis> ^*^ 0 - (HH)) Cf. Ar
xablsah = 'jelly-like sweet’. For recipe, see
CB, p. 94 [Hk//JJ/HH/CB] <arxavk; helva>
xecxecok I Jjp.Aio.Ai. m. (). newt, small
salamander, zool. Triturns; with round yellow and
black spots (Zeb). [also: <xecxecok> Jj^>Aip.Ai.
(Hej)] [Zeb/IFb/OK/Hej]
xedar JjaS. adj. 1) cruel; ferocious; harsh: -xedar
kirin = a) to be cruel to, torture: *Heta hun
Meme birindar kin, / Eze sedi bikujim,
dusidi xedar kim (Z-l) If you harm Mem, I’ll
kill 100 [and] ?torture 200; ?b) to destroy, lay
waste to; 2) dangerous, incurable, deadly, mortal
(K) ; 3) treacherous, traitorous (K). [also: xeddar
(IFb); xeder (K); xidar (Z-2)) ? < Ar vaddar Jap =
’deceitful’ fxedari) [Z-1/JB3/B//K//Z-2//IFb]
xedari
^JjAi. f. ( ;-ye). 1) harshness; ferocity;
cruelty; 2) danger, [also: xeddari (IFb)) [B/GF//IFb]
<xedar>
xeddar J jjas (IFb) = cruel; dangerous. See xedar.
xeddari ^Ijjas. (IFb) = cruelty; danger. See xedari.
• •
xedem poJAi. (Z-3) = maidservant; eunuch. See xadim.
xeder J0 jAi. (K) = cruel; dangerous. See xedar.
xef <jAi. adj. secret, covert: - [bi] xef (K/JR) secretly,
covertly [syn: bi dizi; dizika); -xwe xef kirin
(Rnh) to hide o.s. (vi.) [syn: telin; xwe ve§artin):
•Li nav dara gula de xwe xef bike (Rnh
2:17, p.308) Hide behind the rosebush, [also:
[khef| (JJ); <xef> Ji (HH)) <Ar Vx-f-y = 'to
hide, conceal’ [JR/K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
xef»ik Jjos. f. (»ka; »[i]k§). trap, snare (for small
animals): -xefka mi§kan (Bw) mouse trap, [also:
xefk (TF/GF); xepik I (Zeb-2/AA); <xefik> Jii.
(HH)) Cf. Ar faxx^d = 'trap' [Bw/Zeb/K/A/IFb/
B/HH//GF/TF//AA] <dav I; site; telhe; tepik I>
xefk JiAi. (TF/GF) = trap. See xefik.
xeftan m. (-e;). caftan, kind of women’s dress
worn over shalvar (baggy pants) [Cf. T iigetek];
garment worn over the shirt and held in place with
a belt (JJ/PS); outer garment with full-length sleeves
(Ar qaba’ sLi] (HH). [also: [h'aftan] (JJ);
<xiftan> (HH)) [HM/K/A/IFb/JJ/GF/PS//HH]
xeidin (F) = to be furious. See xeyidin.
xeiset (F) = character[istic]; habit. See xeyset.
xeisetnav dLs-wSAi (F) = adjective. See xeysetnav.
xela f [ ;-ye). famine, hunger, starvation;
shortage (of food , etc.) : •KuFe wi ji bema’rifet
bUn, wana §ehere bave xwe gihyandine
xelaye (Ba3) His sons were rude, they brought a
famine upon tbeir father’s city »Vir bti xelayike
ussa, ku de welede xwe davit (Ba3) There
was such a [great] famine here, that mothers threw
their children (=?miscarried). [also: xelayi (K/B);
xela (JB1-S); [khelai] ^ (JJ); <xela> hU (HH)) Cf.
Ar yala’ ei* = 'high cost, bigh price'
[Ba3/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//K/B/JJ//HH/JBl-S]
cbirgiti; nez I>
xelamur _^JVAi., m. (GF) - glowing ashes. See
helemor.
xelan (IFb) = to be upset (stomach). See xelin.
xelas (jTVaS adj. 1) free, exempt: -ji fk-e/ft-1 xelas
bun = to get rid of, be done with: *Bela hakim
sere min jebike, ez ji vi hali xelas bibim!
(L) Let the prince chop off my head, [just so long
as] I'm done with this business!; -xelas kirin = a)
to finish •Biikeke cahil §uxul£ xwe xilas
kirye (Dz) A young woman finished [doing] her
work; b) to rescue, save [ syn: qurtar kirin); -yaxa
xwe [ji] keseki xilas kirin (K) to get rid of:
•Belki box l§xe bikuje, yaxa pire j£
xilasbe (J) Maybe the bull will strike him and kill
him, [so that] the old woman will be rid of him [lit.
'the collar of the old woman will be rid of him’]; 2)
finished, over, terminated (JBl-A&S). [also: xilas
(Dz/SK); xilaz (B/Z-l); [khelas] (JJ); <xelas->
652
j
X
(HH)) < Ar xalas = 'rescue, also clq
finishing, getting rid of; Sor xelas = 'finished;
freed’ [L/K/JB3/IFb/JBl-A&S/GF//JJ/HH//Dz/SK//B/Z-l)
xelasi ^^6. f. ()• 1) end; termination, conclusion,
ending; 2) rescue, deliverance, riddance, salvation:
• Xelasiya te ji deste min tune (L) You can't
get rid of me [lit. There is no salvation for you
from my hand'], {also: xelazi) [L/K]
xelat/xelat 5 [JBl-S] f./m.(SK/JBl-S) (-a/;-e/J.
1) ) syn: peru [1]) reward; *Her kese mizginiya
teyri bo min binit ez de xelateki bi keyfa
wi dem e (SK 29:261) Whoever brings me the
good news of the bird I shall give him a reward [or,
present] which will please him; 2) ( symdaym II;
diyari; peru [2]; p’e§k’e§) gift, present
(K/A/JB3/Kp): -xelate pinyani§i (Hk/Zeb) a gift
which the giver takes back (cf. 'Indian giver'); 3)
robe of honor (HH); coat (JJ/JBl-S). {also:
[khelat/khalat] (JJ); <xelat> (HH)1 < Ar
xil‘ah Ajtli = robe of honor' —> P xal‘at ojJs; Sor
xelat o= 'gift, reward (to inferior)’ [J/FK-
eb/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/ SK/GF/TF/Kp//JB1-S]
xelayi (K/B) = famine; shortage. See xela.
xelazi^'y^s. = end; rescue. See xelasi.
xelek /. (-a;-e). ring, hoop, loop; circle; curl;
arc: »Ji Stembole min guhark’eke kiriye
guhi ji batmaneke, xeleqa we du min e,
nala aseni (JBl-A, #139) In Istanbul I put in his
ear an earring that weighed a batman, the hoop of
which is two maunds, shaped like a horseshoe
•Wexte hingo negir ina, eger ti§teki mezin
bit, weki ga, min £ adetek heye hingi ez
di§kinim ko gawet min sor bibin ft
simbelet min bel bibin u muet min girj
bibin ft kilka min bibit e xeleke li-ser
pi§ta min (SK 6:64) When you bring some prey,
if it should be something big like an ox, I am
accustomed to rend it only when my eyes become
red and my whiskers bristle and my hair rises and
my tail becomes an arc above my back, {also:
xeleke (SK-2/K[s]); xeleq (K)) {syn: oik 1}
[SK/A/IFb/B/JBl-A/GF/TF/OK//K]
xeleke (SK/K[s]) = ring. See xelek.
xeleq (K) = ring. See xelek.
xelet f./m.(Dh) (). 1) [syn: gewti) mistake,
error: -bi xeleti ve (Dh) by mistake; -xelet
kirin (SK) to make a mistake: »Xiyala wi ew bft
ko imam xelet kir yan nezani (SK 17:164)
He thought that the imam had made a mistake, or
just did not know; 2) {syn: gewt; §a§ I[2j) [adj.]
w T rong, incorrect, mistaken: -xelet bftn (Bw) to be
wrong, [afso/qelet (F/K-2); xelet (K); [galet
kWxalat kU] (JJ)) <Ar yalat kU = ’mistake 1 ; cf. Sor
xeletan = 'to be deceived’ [IFb/JBl-
A/SK/GF/Bw//F//K//JJ]
xelifin (IFb) = to err, go astray. See xalifin.
xeli ^<6. = veil. See xeli I.
••
xelil f. (). finger cymbal, small cymbal used
like a castanet (e.g., by a belly dancer), [also: xalile
(Ah)) [Ah//K]
xelk JJ (IFb/JB 1-A&S/SK) — people, nation; others.
See xelq.
xelq jJcb. m. (-e;-e [B/IFb]). 1) [syn: gel; net’ew^e)
people, nation, folk; 2) inhabitants, population,
tribe (JBl-S): *Tu xelke k’irey? (JBl-A) Where
are you from? [lit. ’you are the people of where?’];
3) others, the other person; strangers, people who
are not relatives: *gae xelke (IFb) another’s or
someone else’s ox •mala xelke (IFb) another’s or
a stranger's house *Xelk nizani tu gi diki (IFb)
Others don't know what you are doing *Xelk
ketiye Kurdistane (IFb) Strangers have taken
Kurdistan, {also: xelk (IFb/JBl-A&S/SK-2); [khelqi]
(JJ); <xel 0 k/xelk J_k/xelq c ji^> (HH)) < Ar
xalq (Vx-l-q = ’to create‘)--> T halk; Sor xelk
JJa^= ’people’ [F/K/IB3/B/HH/SK//fFb/JBl-A&S//JJ]
xem /. (-a;-e). grief, sorrow^, distress; worry,
concern: •K’e ku p’aki haj ji §ivantiye
t’unebft, hew zanibu, ku ew ti§teki getin
nine, ku §ivan xwera nava kulilkada
digerin ... ft qet xema wana nine (Ba2:l,
p.203) Those who were not well acquainted with
shepherding thought that it was something not very
difficult, that shepherds roam among the flowers ...
and they have no cares at all; -k’etin xeman
(JB3) to worry; -xem kirin = a) to grieve, be sad;
b) to worry; -xem k’i§andin = a) to grieve, be
sad: •Meme mini delal, tu mek‘§ine t’u
xemane (Z-l) My dandy Mem, do not grieve at
all; b) to worry, be concerned, care: # Pey mirina
bire me Osibra ew kor biye, ji mal
dernak’eve ft xema me nak 5 i§ine (Ba3) After
the death of our brother Joseph he became blind
[and] he doesn't leave the house or care for us;
-xem ft xiyal = apprehension, anxiety; -xem
verevandin (Zeb) to allay one’s fears or concerns,
653
X
-xem xwarin = a) to grieve, be sad; b) to worry.
{aiso:xemm (SK-2); [ghem] ^ (JJ); <xem ^/xem
(HH)) ( syn: cefa; k’eder; k’erb; k’eser; kovan;
kul I; §ayi§; tatel; xiyal [2]) < Ar yamm Sor xem
[L/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF//JJ]
<xemgin>
xemgur (IF) = animal tax. See qamguf.
xemeguri f. (-ya; ). land lizard; chameleon
(OK), \also: <xemegifo>j^u,«\i (Hej)| Sor
xemeguri [Zeb/OK//Hej]
xemgir (K) = sad, troubled. See xemgin.
xemgin adj. sad, sorrowful; troubled, worried:
•Bazirgan te’eccub kir. got. "Subfianellah,
madam ewe kok bit bes noke yet nekok di
gawa ne?" Gelek xemgir bil, be-hiwi
gelyawe (SK 16:159) The merchant was amazed
and said, "Praise be to God, if this one is satisfied,
then what will the dissatisfied be like?" He was very
depressed and turned back in despair *Qelebi
xemgir hat mala xwe (Rnh 2:17, p.308)
Chelebi came home troubled, {also: xemgir (K-2);
xemgir (Rnh/IFb-2/SK-2/GF-2); xemgir (Rnh-2);
[ghemkin] (jJL* (JJ); <xemgir ^£>i/xemgin
^Cp/xemgir (HH)} \syn: bikul) <P yamgln
= 'sad, sorrowful'; Sor xemgin xemin
^Ai/xemnak JU-aS. = grieved' [xemgini;
xemgini; xemgiri) [Rnh/HH//K/A/IFb/SK/GF/
TF/OK//JJ] <xem>
xemgini f. ( ;-ye). sadness, sorrow: *Heta
derengi pi§ti nivro ji ve xemginiye ez
bernedam (Lab, 10) Even late in the afternoon
this sadness did not leave me. {also: xemgini (RF);
xemgiri (RF-2)} \syn: meluli; zeluli) Cf. P yamglni
[Lab/IFb/TF/RZ//RF] <derd; hesret;
mm
xemgin>
xemgir (Rnh/IFb/SK/GF/HH) = sad, troubled.
See xemgin.
xem*il 0 L<^ f. (•la;-6). adornment, ornament,
decoration: *Por xemla kegan e (AB) Hair is
the ornament of girls *Zarok xemla male ne
(IFb) Children make a house a home [lit. children
are the ornament of the house’], (aiso: xeml
(JB3/IFb-2); [khemil] (JJ); <xeml> (HH)}
Cf. Sor xeml = ’estimation’ [AB/K/A/lFb/B/jBi-
S//JB3/HH//JJ] <xemilandin; xemilin>
xemilandin vt. (-xemilin-). to adorn,
decorate, embellish, beautify, {also: [khemilandin]
(JJ); <xemilandin (dixemiline)
(HH)} Cf. Sor xemlandin
[Z-l/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/OK] <xemil;
xemilin>
xemili adj. ornate, fancy, elegant, adorned,
• •
decorated; well-dressed, faiso: [khemili] (JJ))
[Ba2/K/A/B/JJ] <xemil; xemilin>
xemilin vi. (-xemil-). [+■ bi] to be adorned,
decorated (with) : •Ezman bi st§ran dixemile
(AB) The sky is adorned with stars *Ser
D&manlilS t’u me§e t’unebdn, vira dar ji
h§§in nedibtln, le wexta bahar dihat, ew ji
xewa giran Ki§yar dibu d bi fiemu rengava
dixemili (Ba2:l, p.202) On [Mount] Dumanlu
there were no forests, trees did not even grow here,
but when springtime came, it awoke from a great
sleep and became colorfully adorned, {also:
[khemilin] (JJ); <xemilin (dixemili)
C cr Lo-j)> (HH)} Cf. Sor xemlan qU* Ai- (-xemle-)
/xemlin (-xeml-) [AB/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
(GF)/TF/OK]
xemiri (Dh) = dark purple. See xemri.
xeml (JB3/IFb/HH) = decoration. See xemil.
xemri adj. dark purple, burgundy (color).
{also: xemiri (Dh); xumri (K/GF); <xumri>
(HH)}
< Ar xamr = wine’ [Dh//§nx/IFb/TF/OK//
K/HH/GF] <binef§i; mor I>
xemsar jL^<\3»/xemsar [Bw] adj. negligent,
neglectful (of one's studies), shirking (of
responsibility), careless, lazy, apathetic; indifferent;
unenthusiastic; carefree, thoughtless, {syn: bexiret}
[xemsari/xemsari} [Bw//IFb/OK] <destgiran; pute>
xemsari ^l^A^/xemsari [Bw] f. (-ya;-ye).
•• •»
negligence, neglect[fulness], carelessness, laziness,
indifference: -Xemsariyd di vi wari de nakin
(BH, p.60) They are not neglectful in this field [of
pursuit]. [Bw//A/IFb/OK] <pute; xemsar>
xencel (B) = dagger. See xencer.
xencer f. (-a;-e). dagger; short, curved dagger
worn in front (JJ-G): *‘Eziz ji xencera deban
helk£§a, hate p£§iya ‘Ebdi (SK 18:170) Aziz,
for his part, drew a damask dagger and confronted
Abdi. {also: xencel (B-2); xencer (JB1-A); xengel
(B); xenger (B-2/TF); [khendjer] (JJ); <xencer>
(HH)} {syn: deban; kahur (IF); qeme] < Ar/P
xanjar T hanger; Sor xencer Za
654
j
X
xengeri t (Todd) [HM/K/A/jB3/iFb/jj/HH/SK/jBi-s/
GF//B//JB1-A//TF] <deban; k’er; sileH>
xencer (JBl-A) = dagger. See xencer.
xengel (B) = dagger. See xencer.
xenger ^<^*3^ (B/TF) = dagger. See xencer.
xendiqandin (SK) = to sink (vt.) ; to strangle;
to hang. See xeniqandin.
xendxendok -Jjaj <o.aj f. (). whooping cough,
pertussis. { also: xenequtk (B); <xendxenduk>
Ai Aj ^ (Hej)} [Zeb//Hej//B] <kuxin>
xene (OK) = henna. See Kene.
xeneqandin (-xeneqin-) (JBl-S) = to sink
(vt.) ; to strangle; to hang. See xeniqandin.
xeneqin (L) = to choke (vi.) ; to drown. See
xeniqin.
xenequtk ^ (B) = whooping cough. See
xendxendok.
xenha 1*3 (Bw) = henna. See Eene.
xeniqandin vt. (-xeniqin-). 1) {syn:
fetisandin} to choke, strangle, smother (vt) ;
2) to hang (a person) , execute by hanging; 3) to
cause to drown or sink, {also: xendiqandin (SK);
xeneqandin (-xeneqin-) (JBl-S); [khenyqandin]
(VJjUia. (JJ); <xeniqandin (dixeniqine)
(HH)} < Ar xanaqa = 'to choke,
strangle'; Sor xinkandin ^ajISa-S. = 'to execute by
hanging' [L/K/)B3/IFb/B/JJ/HI-I/GF/TF//SK//)Bl-S|
<xeniqin>
xeniqin ^ vi. (-xeniq-). 1) to choke, be
strangled (vi.) ; 2) {syn: roda gun; xeriqin} to
drown, sink (vi.) : # Gele me ... di dema
§ahft gorbigor da di nav nezanike
mezin da dixeniqi (Ber) Our people ...
during the time of the accursed shah was (or,
were) drowning in a great [deal of] ignorance.
I also: xeneqin (L); [khenyqin] (JJ);
<xeniqin ^ jla. (dixeniqe) (HH))
< Ar xanaqa L ^-; Sor xinkan (-xinke-
)/xenikin [L//K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF]
<xeniqandin; xeriqin>
xenike f. (). straps (Hej) or wooden sticks
(Zeb) which go on either side of the neck of an ox,
to fasten the yoke [nir] to the ox; hame (and trace).
{also: <xenike> (Hej)) <Arc hanaqa
KpOn /haneqa Kp*On = 'ropes or chains around the
neck’ (M. Jastrow) & Syr hanoqoLni-Ui = 'bands,
collar of a yoke, or strings with which it is tied to
the neck' <Vh-n-q = ’to strangle'; NENA khaniqa
lrujjj = 'the band of a yoke, the rope which goes
under the chin of an ox' (Maclean) [Zeb/Hej/Kmc-8]
<cot; halet; hincar; nir I>
xenzur = father-in-law. See xezftr.
xep f. (). on a traditional plow , the pins that
connect the beam [mijane] to the body of the
plow [cot], and are fastened in place with washers
[berxep]. {also: xepe (AA); xepik II (AA-2)} cf.
NENA khapa L9W khapta = 'wooden peg in a
plough, keeping the bosa [ring-like washer =
berxep] fixed to the beam' (Maclean), possibly
<Arc haf = '[rim, ridge], ward of a lock; bit of a
key (corresponding to ward); pivot of a door' (M.
Jastrow) [Zeb] cberxep; nir I>
xepar jLas. f. (-a; ). lightly digging beneath a plant in
order to soften up the soil and remove weeds : -ade
ft xepare (Bw) weeding and lightly digging
(beneath plants), {also: xepare (Bw); <xepar> jLi.
(HH); <xepar> (Hej)) <NA khapir = 'to
dig, esp. vineyards dug a spade’s depth' (Maclean)
<Arc Vh-f-r 13n = 'to dig' [Bw//A/IFb/HH/TF/Hej]
<ade I; a§ef>
xepare ojLad. (Bw) = digging beneath a plant. See
xepar.
xepe (AA) = plow pin connecting the beam to the
plow body. See xep.
xepik I JjaS. (Zeb/AA) = trap. See xefik.
xepik II (AA) = plow pin connecting the beam
to the plow body. See xep.
xerab (IFb) = bad; ruined. See xirab.
xerabi (K/A) = badness. See xirabi.
• •
xerac j«a ni . (-§; ). 1) {syn: bac; be§; olam [1];
xuk) tax (K/IF); poll-tax (JJ); tribute (paid by
tributary state) (IF): -xerc ft xerac (K/B) a) (all
different kinds of) expenses, costs; b) various types
of taxes and tributes: •Ewi heqi t’§ra xerc ft •
xeraced maled wana nedikir (Ba2:l, p.204)
Those wages were not enough to cover the
expenses of their households; 2) {syn: mesref)
expenses, expenditures (K/B). {also: fierac I (F);
xefec (Z-2); [kharadj] _>»(JJ); <xerac >■)^/xerc
p- (HH)} < Ar xaraj p\^ = 'tax, land tax'
[Z-2//K/IFb/B/HH/GF// JJ//FJ <qamguf> See also
xerc.
xefandin vt. (-xefin-). to bridle, restrain
(a horse) . { also: xarandin (Z-2); ?xufandin (Z-l/EP-
7)) [z-2//K/GF] <dizgin; gem; hesp; lixab>
655
X
xerar Jj*s. m. (-§; ). large sack (HH); woolen or
goat-hair sack fJJ-G). {also: xirar (Bw); [karar] J\
(JJ-G); <xirar> J (HH)) \syn: me§ok; t’elis; Per III)
[IFb//HH/Bw//JJ-G]
xerat ol j^/xerat o) [B] m. (). 1 ) carpenter,
joiner: *Ap§ te ji xerate / pir silaven min
leke / we tabtita min be heq / Ew ji kise
xwe g£ke (Cxn-KE: rencbere bi rumet) Your
paternal uncle is a carpenter / give him my
regards / My coffin for free / he will make out
of h s own pocket; 2 ) lather, turner (K/B). [also:
xemtgi (K/B- 2 ); [kherat] W(JJ); <xerat> ol
(HH)) <Ar xarrat W = 'turner, lather; Sor xerat
o)= 'itinerant turner’ [Cxn-
KE/ A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//K]
xeratgi (K/B) = carpenter; lather. See xerat.
xerc m./f.(SK) (). 1 ) {syn; mesref; xerac)
expenses, expenditure, outlay: -xerc xerac
(K/B): = a) (all different kinds of) expenses; b)
various types of taxes and tributes; 2 ) [syn: bac;
be§; olam [l]) tax, duty; tribute (K/B/CG); 3)
payment (K); 4) (legal) damages, compensation
for loss or damage (B). [also: [kherdj] (JJ);
<xarc> (CG); <xerci> ^^ (HH)) < Ar xarj
~> T harg; Sor xerc = 'expenditure'
[Z-2/K/A/lFb/B/jj/jBi-s/GF/CG/SKj See also xerac.
xerec (Z- 2 ) = tax; expense. See xerac.
xeriqin ^ 9 'jA^/xeriqin [IFb] vi. (-xeriq-J.
1 ) {syn: roda gun [l]; xeniqin; xerq bun) to sink,
drown; 2 ) to faint, swoon (B): »Ew cida
xeriqi 11 k’et (EP-7) He fainted on the spot;
-dile fk-§ xeriqi (XF) S.o. fainted, lost
consciousness, {also: [ghereqin] (JJ);
cxeriqin ^(dixeriqi) (HH)) < Ar
yaraqa = 'to sink’
[EP-7/K/B//IFb//JJ/HH] <xerq>
xerib m • 0* 1) stranger, foreigner; 2 ) [adj.]
strange, foreign: -ji fk-i xerib biin (Bw) to miss
s.o., long for s.o. {syn; beriya fk-i kirin): *Em ji te
xerib buyn (Bw) We miss you; -xeriba fk-i
kirin (B§k) to miss, long for stg. { also: xerib (JBl-
A&S); [gharib] (JJ); <xerib> (HH))
[F/K/IFb/B/JBl-A/Bw/B§k//JJ/HH] <xeribstan;
xurbet>
xeribistan ^ (B) = foreign country. See
xeribstan.
xeribstan j < 0 . f. ( ;-e). foreign land or
country, {also: xeribistan (B-2)) {syn; xurbet)
[F/K/B]
xerman m. Q. 1 ) harvest, reaping; threshing.
2) stack, rick (agricultural) (K); 3) threshing
floor (GF). {also: [] > (JJ)) Cf. T harman
[K/IFb/JJ/GF]
xerntif O 55 J f. (). carob (fruit and tree), St. John's
bread, bot. Ceratonia siliqua. {also: x arnup (Ah);
xirnuf (GF); xurnifk (Dh); xurnik (Zeb); [herob]
Ul
(JJ)) <Ar xarrub Vj ^/xurnub = 'carob 1
—> P xarnub T harnup [Ah//A/IFb//GF//JJ//
Dh//Zeb]
xerq (Ba3-3/IF) = sinking. See xerq.
xertel J m. (). large bird of prey: vulture, kite,
hawk, eagle: •Romi xertel in, xo§iya wan ew
e kele§ mi§e bin (SK 61:740) Turks are
vultures, their pleasure is in being full of carrion.
{also: qertel (K- 2 /IFb/B/GF/OK- 2 ); [qartal] Jb J (JJ))
<T kartal = 'eagle 1 [SK/K/OK//IFb/Q/GF//JJ]
<ba§ok; elih; kurt II; sisalk>
xerz m. (-e; ). fish eggs, fish roe, spawn:
-xerze masi (Bw/Zx)/xerz§ me’siya (B) do.
{also; xirz (GF/OK)) [Bw/Zx/K/IFb/B//GF/OK]
<masi>
Xerzan jj*s. (IF) = region in Batman province. See
Xarzan.
xesi (IFb) = mother-in-law. See xesu.
xesil (IFb) = mat. See qisil.
xesiyet = characteristic]; habit. See xeyset.
xest’in (-xaz-) (JBl-A) = to want; to request. See
xwestin.
xes«Hj^<\ 3 . f. (•iya;*iy£). mother-in-law [pi.
mothers-in-law]: •Xesiya te ji te p’ir Kez dike
(Dyd) = Xesiye te li te pir Hez dikiye (Ad) =
Xesiya te tu divey (Bw) Your mother-in-law
loves you [proverbial expression], {also: xasi (F/K);
xesi (IF- 2 ); xwesi (B); xwesu (Bx); [khosi
^j^/khesou^o.] (JJ); <xesu>^o. (HH)) [Pok.
suekrU- 1043.] 'mother-in-law': Skt sva£ru-; Av
*hwasru-; Pamir dialects: Ormuri syuy/xusui/
syoy/xwosie; Parachi xus; Yidgha x n so;
Sanglechi xos; Wakhi xusdoman/xas; Shughni xis
(Morg); Sor xesu ^<*^4 Za vistiru f (Mai); Hau
hesirue f (M4); cf. also Lat socrus, gen. -us f; Rus
svekrov’ CBexpoBL; Germ Schwiegermutter; Gr
hekyra eicupa; Arm skesur uljtuiup (W Arm gesur
656
l|burup ) [Ad/F/K//A/JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/TF//B//Bx]
<xezur>
xe§!m adj. naive, gullible, ignorant; simple,
unsophisticated. {al$o:xe§ im (K-2/OK-2); [khechim
‘ a (G) ^Jus] (]J); <xe§im> (HH)(
{syn: sawilke) < Ar ya§Im = 'naive'; Sor xe§im
pj£*»./xe§im ^ 4 * = 'inexpert, awkward' (xe§imi)
[K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK]
f. (). naivete, gullibility, ignorance.
xe§imf
[K/TF] <xe§im>
xet o4i f/m.(SK) (-a/-§;-£/). 1) [syn: rez I) line:
-bin@ xet (Kp) "below the line" : Syrian Kurds
refer to themselves as the Kurds "below the line,"
referring to the line drawn on the map, i.e., the
railway line, arbitrarily separating Syria and
Turkey ; 2) (syn; §ov [1]) furrow: »weka xeta
kotanS (L) like a plow furrow (track ); 3) [pi]
handwriting (B); script (SK): »Xet£ wt nerindin
(B) His handwriting is messy, [also: [khet/khat] Ls.
(]]); <xet> (HH)) < Ar xatt Li-; Sor xet
'line, handwriting’ [AB/F/K/B/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/
GF/TF]
xeter jaJa®. f ( ;-e). danger, peril: »Ev yek ji
xetereya li ser tenduristiya Ocalan
zedetir dike (AW70A1) This increases the
danger to Ocalan's health »Rew§a wi ya
tenduristf hine di xeter& de ye (CTV199)
The condition of his health is still in danger.
[also: xeder (K); xetere (AW)) [syn: taluke)
< Ar xatar = 'danger'; Sor xeter
[IFb/TF//AW//K]
xetimandin (GF/HH) to plug up. See
xitimandin.
xetir*e f. (»a; ). torch, flambeau: *Xet!ra
§ore§§ helkir (Tehsin Taha) He raised the torch
of revolution, [also: xitere (IFb); <xetire>
(HH); <xetire> (Hej)) cf. Arc hutra KltOlFl
= 'staff, rod, stick'; = Sor golegira 1 >>aJj^.
[Bw/Zeb/OK/Hej//IFb) <gurz I>
xevat o= work; struggle. See xebat.
xevatgi ^^Ua^. (B) = worker. See xebatk’ar.
xevatk’ar jISjUaS (B) = worker. See xebatk’ar.
xevitandin (jjjbi'Ai = to use. See xebitandin.
xevitin = to work. See xebitin.
xew f. (-a;-e). sleep: »Bi deng§ sazi §irin ...
M. ji xew§ g’e've xwe vekir (Z-l) From the
sweet sound of the saz ... M. awoke and opened his
eyes [lit. 'M. opened his eyes from sleep’] *M.
razaye bi xewa §irin (Z-l) M. was sound
asleep; -ji xew[§] rabtin (L) to wake up [lit. ’get
up from sleep']; -k’etin xew§ = to go to sleep, fall
asleep; -xewa fk-i hatin = to fall asleep; to be
sleepy: •Lawo, xewa min t§ (L) Son, I'm sleepy
•Xewa wi nay§ (L) He can't fall asleep [lit. 'His
sleep doesn't come’]; -xewra gun = to go to sleep,
fall asleep, [also: [kheou](JJ); <xew>(HH))
[Pok. suep-/sup- 1048.] 'to sleep' & [Pok. su^por,
gen. *supnes, thence suepno-s/suopno-s/supno-s
1048.] 'sleep': Skt svap- = 'to sleep' & svapna m. =
'sleep, dream'; Av x v ap- = 'to sleep'; Mid P
xwamr/xwamn = 'sleep, dream' (M4) & xwab =
'sleep' (M3); P x v ab = 'dream' & x v abldan
= 'to sleep'; Baluchi wab/whav; Sor xew
j^/xewn = 'sleep, dream’ & xewtin
(xew) = ’to sleep’ (Kerkuk); Za hewn m. = 'sleep,
dream' (Todd); Hau werm m. (M4); cf. also Lat
somnus; Rus son coh = 'sleep' & spat* cnaTB = 'to
sleep'; Gr hypnos uuvog; Arm k‘un
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF]
<nivistin; razan; xewn; xilma§>
xewar jI^as m. (). sleepyhead, s.o. who loves to
sleep, [also: <xewar> (HH))
[Wn/Qzl/Slm/Xrz/Elk/K/ A/IFb/B/HH/GF]
xewin (Rnh) = dream. See xewn.
xewinrok (Wit) = daydream. See xewnerojk.
xewle adj. 1) solitary, secluded; isolated; lonely:
-ciye xewle (B/F) secluded [or secret) place:
• Kur ji male derdik’evin, digin cfki
xewle, hevdu di§ewirin (Ba3-3, #19) The boys
leave the house, go to a secluded place, and
deliberate; 2) secret, hidden, concealed; 3)
underhanded, sneaky, [cf also: [khelveti] ^>1*. (JJ)
= 'isolated, set back'; <xilwe> ©^U. (HH) = 'deserted
place'; xelwe (SK) = 'private, secret gathering'} <Ar
xalwah = 'privacy, seclusion'; T halvet =
'withdrawing, seclusion; secluded retreat'; Sor
Y
xeiwet = 'privacy'; Za xelwe/xewle =
'deserted, isolated; secluded retreat’ (Mai)
[Ba3/F/K/A/IFb/B/GF] <dur; t’ene; veder>
xewn /. (-a;-6). dream; vision: *Ya Memo H
Zine xewna §evane (EP-7) That [thing] of Mem
and Zin is a nighttime dream; -xewn ditin = to
dream, have a dream; -xewna giran (B) deep
sleep; -xewna §eva (JBl-S) nighttime dream
(the deepest sleep), [also: xewin (Rnh); [khev(i)n]
0 ^ (JJ); <xewn> (HH)) [Pok. suep-/sup- 1048.]
657
X
’to sleep’ & [Pok. suop-niio-m 1048.] 'dream': Skt
svap- = ’to sleep’ & svdpna m. = ’sleep, dream’; Av
x v afna- m. = 'sleep, dream’; Mid P xwamn = ’sleep,
dream’ (M3); P x v ab = ’dream’ & x v abldan
= 'to sleep’; Sor xewj^/xewn 03 ^ =
’sleep, dream’; Za hewn m. = sleep, dream' (Todd)
[Z-l/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-S/GF/TF//Rnh] <xew>
xewneroj (GF) = daydream. See xewnerojk.
xewnerojk -il jjjj /. (). daydream, reverie:
• Bele dewleta Tirk xewinroka ji xwe re
bine (Wit 2:59, p.7) Let the Turkish state dream
on [lit. 'bring daydreams to itself]. { also: xewinrok
(Wit); xewneroj (GF)] [Wlt//IFb/TF//GF] <xewn>
xeyal JLad. (K/IFb/GF/TF) = thought; worry. See
xiyal.
xeyal§kesti ( j ^<&= disillusioned. See
xiyalgkestt.
xeyar jLa*. (TF) = cucumber. See xiyar.
xeydin (-xeyd-) (K/B) = to be furious. See
xeyidin.
xeyidin vi. (-xeyid-). 1 ) ( syn: hers bun;
xezibin) [+ ji] to be(come) furious or very angry
(at), to rage, fume: *Em ji qedera xwe xeyidin
(IFb) We cursed our fate *§er ji ve p’arkirin§
p’ir xeyidi (Dz) The lion was furious at this
division [of the spoils]; 2) to be offended, insulted.
[also: xeidin (F); xeydin (-xeyd-) (K/B); xeyidin
(Dz); [kheidin] (JJ)} Cf. Ar yayz = ’fury,
anger’ [Dz//F//K/B/JJ//A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF]
xeyidin (Dz) = to be furious. See xeyidin.
xeyli (JBl-S/OK) = veil. See xeli I.
••
xeyna Lj *».: -ji xeyna = except. See x@nci.
xeyni -ji xeyni (Bx/JB3) = except. See xenci.
♦ ♦
xeyr I ^ -xeyr ji (IFb) = except. See x§nci.
xeyr II (SK) = goodness. See x&r I.
xeyri -j xeyri (JBl-A) = except. See xenci.
xeyset m. (-§; ). 1) (syn: taybetmendi)
characteristic, trait: *Ew xeyset§ Mem§ d§
ft bave wi t’im§ nava nerefietiyeda
dihi§tin (Z-l, p.45) This trait of Mem’s kept his
mother and father in a state of constant anxiety;
2) character, temperament: *Xeyset§ wi xirabe
(B) His character is bad; 3) habit; tendency, [also:
xeiset (F); xesiyet; <xasiyet> (HH)] ? < Ar
M
xasslyah —> T hasiyet; Sor xasiyet o<w-*U. =
’special quality’ [Z-1/K/B/GF/TF//F]
xeysetnav JLj m. Q. adjective, [also:
xeisetnav (F)) [syn: rengder) [K/B//F]
xez jaS. adj. (of goats) having reddish-yellow coloring
around the mouth, nose, eyes, and tail [Bizina xez:
ji ew bizin e ku dora dev, poz, gav, u he§a ji
cenabe te, dora boga we bi rengeki sore zer, kej an
ji qehweyi be, em je re dibejin bizina xez (Hesene
Mete) = "Bizina xez" is a goat who has a reddish-
yellow, blonde, or brownish color around its
mouth, nose, eyes, and—no offense to you—around
its tail]: •Kurd min, di gav min de gend
bizind te ne xuyane. Ka... ka bizina taq?
Bizina xez ft ya bel ji ne xuyaye (Ardu,
p.115) My son, it looks to me like some of your
goats are not here. Where... where is the speckle¬
eared goat? I don’t see the one with red spots or the
one with the pointy ears either. [Ardu] <bel; k’ol
IV; taq>
xezal I J]j*a. /. (-a;-e). gazelle; deer, fallow deer:
•Xezal li giya digdrin (AB) Gazelles graze in
the mountains; -kard xezala (K) fawn, young of
deer, [also: [gazal] Jly* (JJ); <xezal> (HH))
[syn: ask; gak’uvi; mambiz; §ivir] < Ar yazal J
Y
Sor xezel Jaj<^ = ’goat with yellowish forelegs'; Za
xezal /. = 'deer, antelope, gazelle’ (Todd)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/TF//JJ] <xif§>
xezal II J) f. (). yellow leaves of autumn which
have fallen to the ground : *Ha §ivano, payiz
hat ft xezal weryan (Zeb) O shepherd, fall has
come and the leaves have fallen, [also: [gazel
Jj^/qazel Jys] (JJ)) Cf. P xazan = 'autumn';
Y
Sor xezel = 'yellow leaves of autumn' (Hej)
[Zeb/IFb//JJ] cbelg; payiz>
xezali adj. pattern of berguz material:
monochrome brown (ekreng). [syn: pi§tpez) [Bw]
xezan (A) = poor. See xizan.
xezani (A) = poverty. See xizani.
xezeb /. ( ;-d). anger, wrath, fury, ire: -hatin
xezebd = to fly into a rage: *P’ad§a gewa
mina ti§tekd me hatiye xezevd (Z-922) It
seems that the king is a little angry at us. [also:
xezev; xezeb (SK); [khazab] (JJ)) [syn: hers]
< Ar yadab Sor xezeb [Z-922/F/
K/IFb/B// SK//JJ] <xezib!n>
xezev ii'ojAi = anger. See xezeb.
xezibin (JB3/IF) = to be angry. See xezibin.
658
X
xezirin vi. (-xezir-). to be pigheaded, be
stubborn, to refuse to budge (of a pig): *Beraz
yd xeziri (Zeb) The pig won’t budge, {also:
<xezirin> (Hej) = 'to.be furious; to strike'!
cf. NENA khzura = 'pig, hog' [Zeb/Hej]
cberaz; erinin>
xezine (K/IF/JJ/HH) = treasure. See xizne.
xezne j<o. (F) = treasure. See xizne.
xeztir m. (-e; ). 1) father-in-law [pi. fathers-in-
law]; 2) { syn: bacinax; hevlingl husband of wife’s
sister, brother-in-law (Efr) [xeziir]. {also: xenzur;
xezur (Krg); [khozir ^j^/khezour J3 >s] (JJ);
<xezur>^>i (HH)| [Pok. suekuro- [dissimilated
from *suekruro-) 1043.] 'father-in-law': Skt svasura-
; Av *x v asura-; Pamir dialects: Yidgha xis(s)ur;
Shughni x w esor (Morg); Southern Tati dialects:
Chali xosura m. = 'husband’s father' (Yar-Shater);
P xosur^^^/xosor^-^ (rare) ; Sor xezur Za
vistewre m. (Todd/Mal); cf. also Lat socer; Rus
svekor CBexop; Germ Schwaher;
Gk hekyros cxupo^; Arm skesrayr uljtupuijp
(W Arm gesrayr l|tupuuLjp) (xezurtil
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK/Efr//Krg]
<xesu>
xezflrti £ ( ;-ye). being a father-in-law,
father-in-lawhood: *Min rhmetek [sic] mezin
didayd ku ew j! li hemberi min tekeve
rew§a xezurtiye (Lab, 7) I showed him a great
deal of respect, so that he would be willing to be
come my father-in-law [lit. 'so that he would enter
into the status of father-in-lawhood regarding me'].
[Lab] <xezur>
xd (SK/OK/Bw) = salt. See xwe.
xdbet (B) = tent. See xevet.
xdl Jls £ ( ;-e). short period of time, short while:
-wd xdld (B) then, at that time; -xdleke (K/B)
for a while, for a short time: *Eme xeleke vira
bijin (B) We’ll live here for a while •'Eynd
xdlekd ajotiye (EP-5, #7) Ayneh rode on
for a while; -xdlekd §unda (K/B) a while later.
[EP-5/K/B] <gav; heyam; wext>
xdli I f/m.(OK) (-ya/;-yd/). (bridal) veil, veil
covering a woman's head and face: *Xeliya bukd
sor zer e (AB) The bride's veil is red and
yellow, {also: xeli; xeyli (JBl-S/OK-2); [kheili]
C5 io» (JJ); <xeli> C5 Lp. (HH)| {syn: hezar [1]; pega
bukd) [AB/K/lFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/OK//JBl-S] <gadir
[1]; garik [2]; gar§ev [l]; doxe>
l II f (). wedding procession, those who go
to bring the bride to the groom’s house: *[Weku
xdli tdte wd de§td bi emrd xudd ba rtipekd
ji ruye Lali Xane direvine] (JR, #12) When the
wedding procession comes to that plain, by God’s
command the wind causes the veil to fly off Lali
Khan’s face. {also: [kheili] CJ Ls. (JJ); <xel>
(HH)} [JR/A/JJ/TF//HH] <buk; zava; mehir; zewac>
xenc (GF)= except. See xdnci.
xenci P re P■ besides, except (for) , apart from;
• i
other than: *Ewe nedixast rftye keseki
bibine, xenci fiizkiriyd xwe (Ba) She didn't
want to see the face of anyone but her beloved
•Hebtlye tunebiiye, xenci xwedd kes
tunebdye (Ks) Once upon a time [lit. ’there was,
there was not, other than God there was no one']
[traditional introductory formula for folktales, cf. P
& Azerbaijani] •Vira xdnci min du kurmancd
dineji dixtinin (B) There are two other Kurds
besides me studying here *Xeyr ji min kes
nehat (IF) Nobody came but me •xdnci wd
yeke (B) besides that; -ji xeyni wi (JB3) besides,
moreover. {also: (ji) xeyna; (ji) xeyni (Bx/JB3); xeyr
ji (IFb); (j) xeyri (JBl-A); xenc (GF); xen ji (K-2);
xeni (F); xeniji (F); [bi xeyr ji] (JR); xeyna; (j) xeyni
(JBl-S); ji xeyri (SK); [gair^/be-gair^u] (JJ);
<xeyn> (HH)| (syn: beziji (F); be I[2]; ji ... pe
ve; ji bili; meger [3]) < Ar yayr ^ = 'other (than)’
[Ks/K/B//GF//Bx/JB3//IFb//JBl-A//F//
JB1-S//SK// JJ//HH] <xeyri>
xeni (F) = except. See xenci.
xeniji (F) = except. See xdnci.
xen ji (K) = except. See xdnci.
xdr I jZa. f. (-a;-e). goodness: • Ferik ku dit em
xdra wana dixwazin ... ewi dild xwe ber
me vekir (Ba2:2, p.206) When Ferik saw that we
meant them no harm ... he opened his heart to us
•Te xer e? (IFb) What's up with you?; Is there
something wrong? *Tu bi xdr hati (IF) welcome;
-bi xera fk-i (Frq)/xera rtiyd fk-t (K) because
of, thanks to { syn: dewlet sere ...): *Xdra rfiyd wi
ew §ixul qewimi (K) Because of him that thing
happened; -xdr d ber (AB)/xdrbdr (K) profit,
gain: *Ax pir bi xdr ft bdr e (AB) The soil is
very productive (or, profitable), {also: xeyr II
(SK-2); [kheir] ^ (JJ); <xer> (HH)) (syn: qenci)
< Arxayr^.; Sor xer [F/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
JB1-A&S/ SK/GF/OK]
659
X
xerxaz jU*(SK) = well-meaning. See xerxwaz.
xerxazi (SK) = good will. See xerxwazi.
mm
xerxwaz yA m. (). 1) {syn; xudanxer) well-
wisher; benefactor; 2) [adj.] well-meaning: *Eger
sa’etekS pe§tir hung nexo§iya xo bi
Kakim^t Kaziq ti xerxaz derman neken,
mikrobe cehalete u sefraye sefahete ...
pigek maye hingo bikujit (SK 57:660) If
you do not have skilled and well-meaning
physicians treat your disease within the hour,
then the microbe of ignorance and the bile of
stupidity ... will kill you within a short while, [also:
xerxaz (SK); xerxwez (F/K)) (xerx[w]azi;
xerxwez[t]i) [B/IFb/GF/OK//F/K//SK]
xerxwazi f. (-[y]a;-ye). good will, well-
♦ ♦
wishing: »Sebeb§ muweffeqiyet§ her
wexteki ittifaq e ft xerxaziya hewale xo ye
(SK 53:578) At all times the cause of success
is harmony and consideration for one's
companions, {also: xerxazi (SK); xerxwez[t]i (K)i
[B/IFb/GF/OK//K//SK] <xerxwaz>
xerxwez jq^.,(F/K) = well wisher. See xerxwaz.
xerxwez[t]i Jy](K) = good will. See xerxwazi.
••
xevat oUls = tent. See xevet.
x§vet o <dzs. f. (-a;-e). tent; white canvas tent (JJ/JBl-
S): *Bavo, giqas steyrin li ’ezmana, / giqas
xize deve behra, / Ewqas xevet dor me
girtine (EP-7) Dad, as many stars as there are
in the sky / as much sand as there is on the
m
seashore / That's how many tents are surrounding
us. {also: xebet (B); xevat; xiv (JBl-S); xivet
(JB3/IFb-2); [khiwet] (JJ)) I syn: gadir
[2]; kon; re§mal) < Ar xaymah Sor xewet
[EP-7/K/A/IFb//JB3/JJ//B//JBl-S] <sing I>
xidam jJjo- = maidservant; eunuch. See xadim.
xidar jIjo. (Z-2) = cruel; dangerous. See xedar.
xiddam pljjo. = maidservant; eunuch. See xadim.
xidmet (SK) = service. See xizmet.
xidmetgi (SK) = servant. See xizmetk’ar.
xif§ Juas. f. (-a; ). the young of a gazelle: *Gav§ ko
Memo ji xewa §irin §iyar dibe, ber§ wi
dik’eve dev§ d§ri, dir£ne ya Kekmetek ji
nav§ xude xim§eke xizala, horiyeke
cinet§, li dev@ deri sekiniye ji p’@ye (Z-3,
p.92) When Memo awakes from a deep sleep, he
looks over at the door and sees by divine
providence a young gazelle, a houri from paradise,
standing in the doorway; -xif§a xezal§ (Zeb) do.
{also: xim§ (Z-3)) (syn: kara xezal) Cf. Ar xi§f
= 'newborn young of a gazelle' [Zeb/GF//Z-3]
<xezal I>
xilas (Dz/SK) = free; finished. See xelas.
xilaz jYi (B/Z-l) - free; finished. See xelas.
xilbilik (). evil spirits that are believed [by
r
the people of Urmiyah and environs] to appear at
sundown in the guise of real people, and who
wreak havoc on their victims: safety pins are
considered useful in warding them off (MK3, p.
181 [khilbileek]) [MK3]
xilef o£-G (SK/Hej) = man-made beehive. See xil§fe.
xilef *e oJtL U. f. (•a; # e). type of man-made beehive;
basket used as a bee-hive (SK): •Jine got, "Here,
hindek §oket biy§ bine, li p§§ gaw§t xelki
s§ car xilefan geke. Her kes§ ji te bipirsit,
'Ew xilefan [sic] bo gine?' b§je, 'Min s§ gar
me§ li naw leri ditine, de gim, girim,
keme xilefan'" (SK 35:314) His wife said, "Go
and bring some osiers and make three or four hive-
baskets in the sight of people. Tell anybody who
asks you what the baskets are for, 'I have seen three
or four bees in the forest. I shall go and catch them
and put them in the baskets'." {also: xilef (SK);
xilefk (OK/AA); <xilef> (Hej)J NA khilipa
L9 Ajj = 'beehive made of osier' (Maclean)
[Zeb//SK/Hej//OK/AA] <kewar[me§]; selme§k>
xilefk J-olk. (OK/AA) = man-made beehive. See
xilefe.
xilf oLU- f. (-a; ). easily undone knot, slipknot (a
knot made so that it can readily be untied by
pulling one free end), as in die drawstring [doxtn]
of a man's trousers fyalvar]; as opposed to gire , a
knot which is hard to untie, {also: xilfe (Zeb); xulfe
(Zeb-2)) [Bw/Kmc-17//Zeb] <doxin; gire>
xilfe ajlU (Zeb) = easily undone knot. See xilf.
xililok Jj-LU. (Msr) = hail. See xilolik I[ 1 ].
xilma§ jiLG. f. (). drowsiness, dozing off: -xilma§
bun (KS) to drop off to sleep: •Hema ku ez
xilma§ btim denge xi§xi§ek§ hate min (KS,
p.58) Just as I was about to drop off to sleep, I
heard a rustling sound [lit. 'the voice of a rustling
came to me'], {also: xirma§ (Frq); xurma§ (Rwn);
[khil-mach] JlUs. (JJ); <xilma§> jiL-U (Hej)) Cf.
NENA xilma = 'dream' < Arc helma KD'PIl/hllma
660
XD^Il [KS/K(s)/IFb/JJ/GF/Hej//Frq//Rwn]
<nivistin; xew; xewar>
xilmegi (JBl-A) = servant. See xizmetk’ar.
mm
xilmet (JBl-A&S) = service. See xizmet.
xilmetk’ar jISja+I*. (JBl-A) = servant. See xizmetk’ar.
xilolik I cd-Jj-U. f. (-a; ). 1) {also: xililok (Msr);
xilorig (IFb); [kheloulik] (JJ); <xilulik>
ciLJj-U. (HH)) { syn : savarok) small grains of hail,
tiny hailstones (IFb/JJ/HH): ®Xiloliken hesiren
gaven merik di ser riwe wi ye nekurkiri
de g@r dibfln ser gena wi ■& pa§e dinuqutin
erd§ (KS, p.10) The tiny hailstones of the man’s
tears rolled down his unshaven face onto his chin
and then dripped onto the ground; 2) {syn: §ilop’e
[l]) snow mixed with rain. Cf. Sor xilere ofLis. =
'round bullet' [Msr//A/IFb//JJ/HH] <gijlok; teyrok;
zipik I>
xilolik II JLJjJL. (CB) = dish of ground meat and bulgur
wheat. See kilorik.
xilorig (IFb) = hail. See xilolik I[l] .
xilorik (Qzl/Qrj) = dish of ground meat and
bulgur wheat. See kilorik.
xilp f. (-a; ). young tree, sapling, tree over one
year old, not yet full grown: -xilpa dare (Zeb) do.
Cf. NA khelapa \3\jj = 'willow' (Maclean) < Syr
halpo/helopo Ls2^jj - ' reed, willow' & Arc hilfa
XD^n = 'willow, young shoot'; Sor xelf uA*d>. =
'shoot, young branch' [Zeb] <dar 1; §itil>
xilxal (IFb/GF/JJ/TF/OK/Mtk/Qzl) = anklet. See
xirxal.
xilxil*e m. (•§;•§). l) heap, pile: •Me pez
hineki ji xilxile kevira dtlr xist (Ba2:2, p.
205) We chased the sheep a little bit away from the
pile of rocks; 2) obstruction, blockage (made by
pile of rocks) ; 3) mountain-ridge: •BirS min,
gimki tu dik’evi §ika, were em keriye pez
vira bihelin, heme qiraxe xilxile (Ba2:2,
p.205) My brother, because you are having
doubts, come let's leave the flock of sheep here
and go to the edge of the mountain ridge; 4)
mountain range, {also: [khylkhyle] aLUs (JJ))
[Ba2/K/B/JJ]
ximdar m.&f (). dyer, one whose profession is
to color cloth with dye: # Dib@jin ximdarek
hebft, §e§ Kevt miri§k§t qelew hebfin. §ev£
di oda ximi da lis dibun (SK) They say there
was one a dyer who had six or seven fat chickens.
At night they used to roost in the dye-house, {also:
ximder (IFb/OK)) Sor xumxanegi ^<0 =
'dyer' [SK//IFb/OK] <boyax>
ximder (IFb/OK) = dyer. See ximdar.
xim§ (Z-3) = young gazelle. See xif§.
ximxim (IFb/GF) = nostril. See ximximk.
ximximk f. (). nostril, {also: ximxim
(IFb/GF); xinxink (GF-2)) {syn: bevil [1]; difn [2];
firn[ik]; k’epi [2]; kulfik I (Wn))
[B§k/Bw/OK//IFb/GF] <difn; poz I>
xinami m.&f (). 1) relative by marriage; son-
in-law’s/daughter-in-law's father, "in-law" [cf.
Yiddish mekhutn *|fnnn]: -bfin xinamiy§ hev
(K) to become related through marriage; 2) [f
( j-yeJJson-in-law’s/daughter-in-law’s mother [cf.
Yiddish mekheteneste SOflDfllllD]. {also: xnami
(SC)} < Arm xnami Mjuiifb {xinamiti}
[K/A/IFb/B//SC]
xinamiti L*. f. ( ;-ye). affinity, relationship by
marriage. [B] <xinami>
xinilsi (). churn; round, earthenware vessel
• •
with an opening in the center of the top, used as a
(butter) churner. Cf. Arm xnoc‘i Mmgb = 'clay or
wooden churn’; also possibly the adjectival form of
Xinfis (T Huns), a town near Erzurum [IFb] <Kiz;
me§k; p’ost; sirsum>
xinxink (GF) = nostril. See ximximk.
xinzir f/m.(B) (-a/ ; ). pig; swine; hog (Haz:
erudite) : -go§te xinzir (B) pork; -Xuna
xinzirbe! (XF) There is no trace of him. {also:
xiznir (IFb); [khynzir] (JJ)) {syn: beraz; domiz
(Mzg); weh§ [2]) < Ar xinzir = 'pig'
[F/K/B/JJ/Haz//IFb]
xir I >-/xir [K] m. (). 1) {syn: g’ug’ik (l[3]) (Msr)
= baby boy's; lielik [2], m. (Msr); kir; terik [2])
penis; 2) rod, switch (K). {also: [khyr] (JJ))
|Msr/A/IFb//K]
xir II -xir u xali (K/Z-2)/xir u xali (B)/xire-
xali (FK-eb-2) deserted, depopulated, devoid of
people, empty, barren: *Ew dajo dige, de§teke
xire-xalira derbaz dibe (FK-eb-2) He rides off,
passing through a barren plain. [Z-2/K//B]
xira I I -xira btin (Msr) to ejaculate, ‘cum/come 5 .
[Msr] <avik>
xira II = bad; ruined. See xirab.
xirab >> adj. 1) {syn; neba§; nexwe§ [2]; #ba§;
^xwe§; =£find; ^tge) bad; 2) {syn; kavil; weran 1}
*
ruined, destroyed: -xirab kirin = to wreck, ruin,
destroy: # Ev qundir w§ mala min xerab
661
X
bike (L) This gourd will ruin my home! [Cf.
malxirab] *Kuro, darbir, gima ... vi me§ei
bedew xirav diki? (Dz) Boy, woodcutter, why
... are you ruining this beautiful forest? [also: xerab
(IFb-2); xira II; xirav (Dz); [kherab] (JJ);
<xirab> (HH)) < Ar xarab - 'ruins'; Sor
xirap/xirab/xiraw; Za xirav (Todd) (xerabi; xirabi;
xiravi) [K/(A)/JB3/IFh/B/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF//
JJ//Dz]
xirabi f. (-ya;-ye). badness, evil; wicked
deed; harm, injury: *Qiqas xirabye biki, agir
be 5 r§ nak’ewe (Dz) No matter how much evil
you do, the sea won’t catch on fire *Ez dixazim
xirabya xwe me§era bicerbinim (Dz) I want
to make the forest feel my evil (or, I want to test
out my evil on the forest) *Min gu xirabi digel
te nekiriye, min gaki kiriye (SK 2:13) I have
done you no harm. Rather have I acted well, [also:
xerabi (K-2/A); xiravi (B-2); [kherabi] ^^ (JJ)}
[Dz/F/K/IFb/B/SK//A/JJ] <xirab>
xirabtir ^ adj. worse: *Li gori ditina min,
tabloya iro ji tabloya bere ne xirabtir e
(AW72A3) In my opinion, today's scenario is no
worse than the former scenario, [also: [karabtera]
(JJ-GI Sor xiraptir ^ [AW/IFb//JJ-G]
xirar j)^ (Bw/HH) = large sack. See xerar.
xirav Jrt(Dz) = bad; ruined. See xirab.
xiravi (B) = badness. See xirabi.
• •
xire-xali ^G. (FK-eb-2) = desolate, barren. See xir
• •
II.
xir§f f (). banquet, feast: *Sibetire
Hemedoy§ Birho tevi peyaySn wi
vexwande mala xwe je ra xirSfeke
(ziyafet) bi semt gekir (Rnh 2:17, p.309) The
next day he invited Hemedoye Birho together with
his men to his house and made a sumptuous feast
for him. [Rnh/GF]
xirma§ ^ (Frq) = dozing off. See xilma§.
xirmin ^ (IF) = thunder; crash. See girmin.
xirnaq qU m.&f. (). rabbit cub, young hare,
leveret, [also: xirneq (A/IFb); xirnik (GF/AA/Qzl)}
Cf. Ar xirniq ^ = ’young hare, leveret'
[B tm / Grc/TF//A/IFb//GF / A A/Qzl] <k’erguh>
xirneq jab(A/IFb) = rabbit cub. See xirnaq.
xirnik cib(GF/AA/Qzl) = rabbit cub. See xirnaq.
ximuf (GF) = carob. See xernuf.
xirojcs (SK) = durra. See xirovi.
xirovi <yj f. (). durra, guinea corn, Indian millet.
[also: xiro (SK); xurobi, m. (Bw)j
[SK//OK/AA//Bw] <genim; herzin; lazut>
xir§ adj. barren, sterile, fruitless (of trees and
plants): -dara xir§ (Zeb) barren tree, [also: <xir§>
j.l^ (Hej)} ( syn: beber} [Bw/Zeb/IFb/OK/Hej]
cbeweg; bezuret; stewir>
xirt o ^ m. (). three-year-old ram, male sheep (Zeb);
four-year-old ram (IFb/OK). [also: <xirt> o(Hej)}
(sjn: hogig} Sor xirt = ’yearling; round,
yearly cycle, year in life of sheep, goats, and
domestic fowls' (Zeb/IFb/OK/Hej] cberan; mi I;
§ek>
xirtik I f.(Qzl)/m.(Elk) ( /-e; ). unripe
zucchini, cucumber, etc. [also: <xirtik Jj> i/xirge
a^>.> (Hej)} (syn: kutik; *tutik II (Bw)|
[Qzl/Qrj/A/GF/FJ/Hej] <kundir; qitik; xiyar>
xir ve as -xir ve bhn (Zeb/Dh) to gather (vi.),
assemble [vi.)[syn: berhev bun; civin; k’om bun;
t’op bun}: *Ewcar ji her layekiwe xulam§t
pa§a xir bflnewe, dest bi §eri kirin [sic] (SK
24:225) Then the pasha's men gathered from all
sides and began to fight; -xir ve kirin (IFb) to
gather (vt.), assemble (vt.) (IFb) (sj^n: berhev kirin;
civandin; k’om kirin; t’op kirin}. [also: xir bunewe
(SK)} Sor xir bunewe oja^ ='to gather, come
together’ [Zeb/Dh]
xirxal m.(K/EP-4/Qzl)/f.(B/Mtk) (-§/ ; /-e).
anklet, legband worn by women: *Xec§
xirxaleki linge xweyi z§rin girt, avit, go
“bira, xirxale linge min ser zere maye”
(EP-4, #34) Khej took one of her golden legbands,
threw it [over the precipice and] said, “Brothers,
my legband has remained behind in the canyon."
[also: xilxal (IFb-2/GF-2/TF/OK-2/Mtk/Qzl);
[khylkhal JGJ^-/khyrkhal JG.>i] (JJ)} <Ar xalxal
JGd^; —> T halhal; Sor xirxal jG.
[EP-4/K/IFb/B/JJ/GF] cbazin; xi§ir; xizem>
xirz (GF/OK) = fish eggs. See xerz.
xisil (Ba2) - mat. See qisil.
xistin/xist’in [JBl-A] vt. (-x- / -xin- / -xin-
[JBl-S]). 1) to drop, let fall (lit. & fig.) : *Qiza
min, gima te xwe xistiye vi half? (L) My
daughter, why have you put yourself in this state?
(=what happened to you?); -li ’erd@ xistin (K) to
drop stg. on the floor; -li hev xistin = a) to stir,
to mix: *XatCin P’eri w8 bi k’evgirS emek li
662
X
hev dixe (EP-7) Khatun Peri is stirring the food
with a ladle; b) to confuse, mix up; 2) to forcibly
insert, thrust, drive into, cause to enter: «Bizina
kftvi strfte xwe tftj li zike wi dixe (J) The
powerful (or, wild) goat drives her horns into his
belly •Dest£ xwe xist quia gwiki (L) He thrust
his hand into the sparrow's hole (=nest) «Heger
§erd§ wi nanin, wan digire, dixe hebsS (L)
If they don't complete his [assigned] tasks, he
arrests them and throws them in prison -Mele
kefen dike ft tine, dixe bin erde (L) The
mollah enshrouds [the corpse] and brings it, buries
it [lit. 'puts it underground'] *§wirek li qerika
wi xist (L) He struck him in the throat with his
sword [lit. 'he drove a sword into his throat'] «Tu£
van herdft mue la§e min bixi qotiyeke (L)
You will put both these hairs of mine [lit. ’of my
body'] in a box *Wana teyrek ku§t, xftna teyr
kiras§ Osib xist (Ba) They killed a bird, [and]
dipped Joseph's shirt in the bird’s blood; -bi dest
xistin (IFh/GF/RZ) to obtain, procure, get,
acquire; 3) to beat, strike [+ li] (B/JBl-S): -deri
xistin (B) to knock on the door, [also: existin (-ex-)
(SK); [khystin ^^^/elkhystin (JJ)) Cf. P
xastan = 'to wound’; Sor xistin (-xe-)
[K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/GF/TF//SK//JBl-S] <k’etin>
xi§«ir ^6. m./f(JB3 ) («re/ ;). (woman’s) valuables,
jewels; women’s gold, silver, or brass ornaments:
•ftey§t§ bar xi§r§ w§ bft (Ba) She had eighty
loads of valuables (or, her jewels amounted to
eighty loads), [also: xi§r, f. (JB3/IFb-2/SK/GF);
[khychir] (JJ); <xi§r> (HH)| Cf. Sor xi§l
[Ba/F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ//JB3/HH/SK/GF] <xizem>
xi§ilok f (). small avalanche. [Bw] <a§it; berf;
reni; §ape>
xi§in (IFb/JJ) = to rustle. See xu§in.
xi§r f. (JB3/IFb/SK/GF) = jewels. See xi§ir.
xi§t I owio- adj. even, on the same level, of the same
length. Sor xi§t o-io* [Zeb/Hej]
xi§t II o-io. m. (-e; ). sun-dried brick. [Pok. idh- 12.]
'to burn, fire’ + *-s + *-to --> *i(dh)-s-to-: Skt istaka;
O Ir *i§ti- (Ras, p.136): Av iStya-; O P isti- = ’sun-
dried brick’ (Kent); P xeSt o-io-; Sor xi§t
[Zeb/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <ezing; k’elpig>
xi§t III oJio. m.(OK)/f.(K) Q. l) sharp metal point or
tip of a lance (Bw/JJ/GF): ‘Sere bizmare kir
xi§t (Bw) He made the nail’s head into a sharp
point; -xi§t kirin (Bw) to sharpen into a point; 2)
skewer with sharp tip (A/IFb/HH/GF/TF). [also:
[khecht] (JJ); <xi§t> o-id* (HH)} P xeSt o-Zc i =
'javelin; mace, staff; Ar xust = 'javelin'
[Zeb/K(s)/IFb/GF/TF/OK] <nikil [2]>
xitere o(IFb) = torch. See xetire.
xitimandin jjj vt. (-xitimin-). to stop up, plug
up; to cork; to seal: *£ft gunde ku ava wan
xitimandi (Wit 2:59, p.15) He went to the village
whose water was sealed off *hers£ka bir bi
keviran xitimandin (Wit 2:59, p.15) The three
of them plugged up the well with rocks, [also:
xetimandin (GF); [khetemandin] qj jjL**. (JJ);
<xetimandin (dixetimine) C(HH)}
{ syn: pengandin] <Ar Vx-t-m = ’to seal’
[Wit /K/IFb/B/OK//HH/GF//JJ]
xiya Ls: -xiya bun (Qzl/Qrj/GF) to kneel down, sit
(of camels)] -xiya kirin (GF) to cause to kneel or
sit (of camels), [also: <xiya> Ls (Hej)) Cf. Ar
nayyax II [Qzl/Qrj/GF/Hej] <deve I; fie§tir;
mexel kirin>
xiyal JLs /. (-a;-6). 1) (syn: fikir; hizir; mitale;
raman I) thought, idea; imagination: •Daimi
xiyala §eytani ew e, weliyan ft sofiyan ft
tobekaran ji reka behe§t§ ft necat£ der§xit
ft bibete ser reka cehenneme u helaki (SK
4:42) The devil’s thoughts are always directed
toward leading holy and pious and repentant men
astray from the road to paradise and salvation and
setting them on the road to hell and destruction
•Xiyala me dirust derkewt (SK 32:286) Our
idea turned out to be right *XiyaIa wi ew bft ko
imam xelet kir yan nezani (SK 17:164) He
thought that the imam had made a mistake, or just
did not know; -hatine xiyala fk-i (SK) to come
to mind, to think of: *Rasti, ewe tedbireki gak
e. Hindi mulaKeze dikem ji w§ g£tir
nahete xiyala min (SK33:294) Truly this is a
good idea. However much I consider it I can think
of nothing better; -xeyal kirin (K)/xiyal kirin
(SK/OK) to think, imagine: •Xudane keri ji
weto xiyal dikir ko her do hewal£t wi d§
hari wi ken, nedizani ko rezewani her do
lebandine (SK 8:80) The owner of the donkey
thought that his two companions would help him,
not knowing that the gardener had deceived them;
2) [syn: cefa; k’eder; k’erb; k’eser; kovan; kul I;
§ayi§; xem} care, worry, concern, grief (TF). [also:
xeyal (K/IFb/GF/TF); [khyial/xayal (Lx)/kaj41 (G)]
663
JUi. (JJ)) < Ar xayal JLa. = ’ghost, phantom;
imagination' —> T hayal = ’imagined thing, image;
v
imagination’; Sor xeyal = 'imagination, idea'
[SK/JJ/OK//K/IFb/GF/TF] <bexiyal>
xiyalgkesti C5 ^^JLa- adj. disillusioned,
disappointed. {aiso; xeyal§kesti) Cf. T hayalkmkhgi
= 'disappointment' [Hk]
xiyanet o<ulo. f. (-a;-e). betrayal, deceit, treachery,
perfidy, disloyalty: »Ev cepha ku, bi dijmine
Kurdan en her! mezin ... re bftye yek ... ji
aliy£ gele Kurd ve wek “Cepha xiyanete”
t£ binavkirin (Wit 1:36, p.l) This front (=KDP)
which has united with the Kurds’ greatest enemy ...
is called “the front of betrayal” by the Kurdish
people. ) also: xiyaneti (B); [khyianet] ojlp. (JJ);
<xiyanet> (HH)) {syn: mixeneti; xayinti)
<Arxiyanah -klo.; Sor xiyanet oajLo.
[Wlt/K/IFb/JJ/HH/SK//B] <’ewani; gevezti; mixenet;
xapandin>
xiyaneti (B) = betrayal. See xiyanet.
xiyar jLi m. ( ; xiyer). cucumber, {also: xeyar
(TF); xiyar (F); [khiiar] jLs. (JJ); <xiyar> jU
(HH)) {syn: aru) < Ar/P xiyar jLs--> T hiyar; Sor
xeyar Za xeyar m. (Todd) [EP-7/K/A/
JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JBl-A/GF//F//TF] <kutik; qitik;
xirtik I>
xizan adj. 1) {syn; feqir; sefil [2]) poor: *Zike
xizanan tim birgiye (AB) The stomachs of the
poor are always empty [lit. The stomach of the
poor is always hungry']; 2) naive, {also: xezan (A);
xizan (JB3); [khyzan] ^lyi. (JJ); <xizan> jly^s (HH))
{xezani; xizani; xizani) [K/IFb/JJ/GF//A//JB3/HH]
xizan! ^lyi. f (). poverty, {also: xezani (A); xizani
(JB3)) {syn: feqiri; sefili) [K/IFb/GF//A//JB3]
<xizan>
xizem poy^. (IFb) = nose-ring. See xizem.
xizem f. (-a;-e). nose-ring; golden women's
ornaments (with an inlay) in the shape of camomile
flowers, worn in the nose (Ba): -xizema poz =
do.: •Guhare guhe te me / xizema poze te
me (Mtk) I am the earring in your ear /1 am the
nose-ring in your nose, {also: xizem (IFb-2); xizme
(TF); [khezim] ^yi (JJ); <xezim> pjys (HH)) ? < Ar
xizam plyi. /xizamah ^Jyi. —> T hizma; Sor xezem
= ’nose ring’ [Ba/K/A/B/IFb/GF/OK/
Mtk/Qzl// JJ/HH//TF] <xi§ir>
xizim (A) = relative, kin. See xizm.
xizm pyi m. (-e; ). 1) relative, kin: •Bn muro
hebftn ji ‘e§!reta Mizftr! Jor! ... her du ji
ocaxek[e] bftn ... her du xizmSt y@k j!
bun. £ Ebdi kure meta c Ez!z bft, c Eziz kufe
xalS c Ebd! bft (SK 18:166) There were two men
of the Upper Mizuri tribe ... they were both of one
clan ... Moreover they were related to each other.
Abdi was the son of Aziz's paternal aunt, Aziz was
the son of Abdi's maternal uncle; 2) {syn; xinami)
in-laws, affiances; 3) {syn; hirajin; bftri) brother of a
man's wife, a man’s hrother-in-law [biraye kebaniya
mirovi] (Bw). {also: xizim (A); [khyzm/khuzm (Rh)]
^yy. (JJ)) <Ar xasm = adversary, opponent' -->
T hisim = 'relative, kin'; Sor xizm = 'relative'
[Bw/K/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/Kmc-12//A]
xizme <^yi. (TF) = nose-ring. See xizem.
xizmet o^yi- f. (-a; ). service; work: •Xizmeta
xo ft zerera xo der-Keqq beni-ademi bo
min beyan ken, da xelate her keseki bi-
qeder xizmeta w! bihete dan (SK 1:2)
Tell me of your service and of your injuries
to mankind, so that each may be rewarded
according to his service; -xizmet kirin
(K/B/JJ/SK)/xilmet kirin (JBl-A) to serve; to
work: »K! ye wek te xizmeta min bike?
(K-ga) Who will serve me as you do? {also:
xidmet (SK-2); xilmet (JBl-A&S); [khydmet
c^^/khyzmet (xizmet-Lx) (JJ); <xizmet>
o~*yi- (HH)) < Ar xidmah P xedmat &
T hizmet = ’service'; Sor xizmet o*u>_y> Perhaps the
form xilmet is due to influence from xulam =
'servant boy’. See also note on Jewish 'qiman'
dialects of NENA under tol II.
[K-ga/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF//JBl-A&S]
xizmetgi ^^^ys. (B) = servant. See xizmetk’ar.
• •
xizmetk’ar jl5j*_*yi. m. (). servant, {also: xidmetgi
(SK); xilmegi (JBl-A); xilmetk’ar (JBl-A); xizmetgi
(B-2); [khyzme-kar] (JJ); <xizmetkar> jl£o.yi
(HH)) (syn; pe§xizmet; xulam) Cf. P xidmatkar
--> T hizmetkar; Sor xizmetkar jlSJ^yi-;
Za xizmkar (Todd) [L/K/IFb/B/HH//JJ//JBl-A//
SK] ccari; xadim>
xizn # e ^jy^i. f (•a;»e). treasure; treasury:
•Herin, dev§ xizna min vekin (L) Go,
open the gate of my treasury; -xizne-define
(Z-l) do. {also: xezine (K/IF); xezne (F); [khezine]
<ujys (JJ); <xezine> «ujy£. (HH)) (syn: define;
664
c
X
gencine) < Ar xaznah xazinah
Sor xezne <Aj J A3- [Z-l/L/A//F//K/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/SK]
xiznir (IFb) = pig. See xinzir.
xig’ 1^^ (B/SC)= gravel; pebble. See xig’ik.
xig’ik m. ()• gravel; pebble. { also : xig’ I
(B/SC); xiz [2]; <xigik> (HH)) (syn: bixur;
zuxr) < Arm xic h »|\x = 'pebble, gravel'
[Msr/A/IFb/HH/GF//B/SC] <xiz>
xim po- (Msr/HH/Hk) = basis, foundation. See Him.
xin (SK/Bw/Mzg) = blood. See xwin.
xiret f. (-a;-e). 1) zeal, fervor, ardor;
diligence, industry, assiduousness, penchant for
work: *Bi himmeta bab ft bapiran we care
Ke§reki weto d§ bi ‘esker£ Fuzol Pa§a
keyn ku bibite ‘ibret di guhet hemi xelki
da, H Daxistani ti Cerkes ft Arnahod ji
cesaret H xireta millete kurd ... bi dirusti
bizanin (SK 48:485) By the grace of (my)
ancestors we shall cause such a commotion among
the troops of Fuzul ('Meddlesome') Pasha that it
will be a warning (reaching) the ears of all people,
and the Daghistanis and Circassians and Albanians
will learn of the bravery and zeal of the Kurdish
people •K’i ne ji xireteye, ne ji ometeye
(Dz, #17:384) He who doesn’t show zeal (or
concern) is not part of the community [prv.J, 2)
self-respect, pride; no tolerance for insults: "If the
good name of the family is threatened or stained in
some way, the family members are responsible for
restoring it. A woman's virtue is the concern of the
entire family, and if it is lost, family members will
punish her. For example, if a girl loses her
virginity before she is married, her brothers or
father are responsible for restoring the family's
honor by ostracizing or killing her" (Sweetnam, p.
133); for an example of xiret. see anecdote #39 in
JR: *[Ewterze §uca‘et il xireta Suleyman
Axay£ Sipki niha j! li Kurdistane tete
gotin] (JR #39,121) That type of bravery and
pride of Suleyman Agha of the Sipkis is told even
today in Kuristan *Gava ti hati, vi lawki bi
xwefa bine, / Li nive te sere wi ji gewde
wi biqetine, / Mi sozek p@ra da, ko ew bi
sax! bigihije vir, e li ber g’e’v@ te
famtisaneke ji ruye min bistine, / £ xiret
And on the way sever his head from his body, / I
have promised him, that when he returns here
safely, he can have a kiss from me before your
eyes, / Which would wipe Meme Alan’s pride and
honor off the face of the earth *Teto taze caKel
bfi, muroeki gelek cestlr bti, di naw axaet
Rekaniyan da kesek weki wi peyda
nebfibtl. Qi di xireta wi tefiemmula zulma
Horemariyan nekir (SK 61:731) Teto, yet a
youth, was a man of much courage, the like of
whom had never been seen among the Rekani
Aghas, and now his pride (self-respect) could no
longer brook the misrule of the Horamari; 3)
disposition, inclination, tendency, propensity,
penchant (for): -xiret kirin (B/HH/Bw)/
~k’i§andin (B) to be disposed, inclined to, feel
like doing stg.: *Ez xiret dikem erk§ [wacib@]
xo gekem (Bw) I feel like doing my work *Ez
xiret nakem (Bw) I don't feel like it *Tu gem§o
yi, tu xiret nakey gu bikey (Bw) You're lazy,
you don’t feel like doing anything, [also: xiret (SK);
[ghiret] (JJ); <xeyret> (HH)) < Ar yirah
o = 'jealousy; zeal, fervor; sense of honor, self-
respect' --> T gayret = 'zeal, ardor; energy, effort;
protectiveness'; Sor xiret = 'zeal'
[Dz/K/IFb/B/TF//JJ/SK//HH] <bexiret>
xiv Jls. (JBl-S) = tent. See x£vet.
xivet (JB3/IFb) = tent. See xevet.
Xiy c? o- Q. Kurdish tribe inhabiting the region
• •
between Sason (in the province of Batman,
formerly Siirt) and Kulp (in the province of
Diyarbakir) in Kurdistan of Turkey. [Haz]
Xiyan (). region between Sason (in the
province of Batman, formerly Siirt) and Kulp
(in the province of Diyarbakir) in Kurdistan of
Turkey. [Haz]
xiyar (F) = cucumber. See xiyar.
xiz ni./f.(JB3) (). 1) [syn: qum) sand: •Bavo,
giqas steyrin li 'ezmana, / giqas xiz§ dev§
behra, / Ewqas xevet dor me girtine (EP-7)
Dad, as many stars as there are in the sky / as
much sand as there is on the seashore / That's
how many tents are surrounding us;
2) gravel; pebble. See xig’ik. [also: zix II (A-2);
[khiz] (JJ) = sablonneux) Cf. Southern
Tati dialects (all f ): Chali & Eshtehardi xoza;
H namtisa Mem§ Ala ji diniayS hiline (Z-2 Takestani xoz(z)a (Yar-Shater); Sor zix =
87-88) When you come, bring this boy with you, /
665
X
’gravel’; Cf. Arm xiE = ’pebble, ’gravel'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/SK/GF/Bw]
xizan (JB3) = poor. See xizan.
xizani (JB3) = poverty. See xizani.
mm
xnami (SC) = in-law; relative by marriage.
See xinami.
xo jp. (SK/JBl-A&S) = oneself, -self. See xwe.
xo-dan-e-pa§ (SK) = reluctance. See
xwe-dane-pa§.
xode (JBl-A) = God. See xwed§.
»*
xof ojp. /. ( ;-e). fear, terror: -xof kirin (K): = a)
to fear, be afraid [syn: tirsin); b) to frighten:
•Reng u ruye Meme meriv xof dike le
binhere (K) Mem’s appearance makes people
afraid to look at him. {also: xov (B-2); [khaw
<jLi/khouf 0*3.] (JJ)} {syn: saw; tirs) < Ar
xawf 0 * 3 . [Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-S/ TF]
xoh Ajp. (JBl-A) = oneself, -self. See xwe.
xohing Jlifcjp. (JBl-A) = sister. See xu§k.
xolam (JBl-A) = servant boy. See xulam.
xoli (JBl-A/SK/OK) = ash(es); soil, dirt. See
«»
xweli.
xolidank JbljJjp. (OK) = ashtray. See xwelidank.
xonge f. (). low, round table for eating or
making bread on. {also: [khountche] *34*3. (JJ))
{syn: xanik) Cf. P xvan = 'table' ; Sor
xuwange = 'small table' [Kg/IFb//JJ]
xong Jjjp. (JBl-A) = sister. See xu§k.
xop’an jLjp. m. (-e; ). 1) barren, uninhabited,
ruined place; place devoid of people: •Qxlme
Bedlis§, xopan§ di korte da/ hatim
Bedlise, xopane di korte da (Ah) I went
to Bitlis, ruins in a pit/1 came to Bitlis, ruins
in a pit [from a famous elegy]; 2) [adj.] deserted,
dilapidated, run-down, in a state of collapse,
ruined (house, garden, place, etc.) : •Cezlra
xopan (IF) ruined Jezirah [T Cizre]; 3) vile,
foul; accursed, damned (K/DS). {also: (jo**- (JJ);
<xopan> (HH)) K—>T hopan = 'neglected
garden, vineyard, house, etc.' [Van; *Ptiturge -
Malatya]; Vineyard with few grapes' [Urfa]; 'a
curse meaning may it/he be ruined ' [Van] (DS, v.7,
p. 2405) [Ah/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF]
xorak plj(SK/IF) = food. See xurek.
xorandin jjjljjps. (L/JJ) = to scratch. See xurandin.
xorc (JBl-A) = saddlebag. See xurc.
xorcik’ «(JBl-A) = saddlebag. See xurc.
xore oJd. (Zeb) = gluttonous. See xure.
xorim f. (-a; ). large bale or sheaf (of hay).
{also: xorom (B); xorum (Wn)|
[Qrj/Kmc- 8 /IFb//B/Wn] <gi§e; gurz II>
xorom (B) = bale (of hay). See xorim.
xort adj. 1 ) young; 2 ) [m. ( ;-i )7 young man,
youth: *Eva biika, jina wi xortiye (Dz) This
young woman is that young man’s wife, {also:
[xort] (JJ)) (xortani; xortayi; xort[t]i}
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF] <na§!>
xortani bjjp. f. (-ya;-ye). youth, adolescence;
youthfulness: *Di dema xwe ya xortaniya
xwe de u li vi welate pe§k[e]ti, ji xwendin
ti. pe§vegfin& bepar dim§nin (Wit 5/86, p.15)
During the period fo their youth and in this
progressive country, they are being deprived of
learning and advancement, {also: xortayi (A);
xorti (K-2/B/GF-2); xortti (B-2))
[Ber/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//B//A] <xort>
xortayi ^bjjp. (A) = youth. See xortani.
xorti (K/B/GF) = youth. See xortani.
• •
xortti (J3 (B) = youth. See xortani.
••
xorum pjjjp. (Wn) = bale (of hay). See xorim.
xo§ (JJ/JBl-A/SK/GF/Bw) = pleasant; good; tasty;
fast. See xwe§.
xo§i (SK/JJ) = pleasantness. See xwe§i.
xo§-me§reb v o adj. good-natured, merry:
•‘Eli Beg ji, gfinku xo§-me§reb bn, Kej
tirane H suKbetan dikir (SK 39:345) Now Ali
Beg, being merry-natured, liked jokes. Cf. P xo§-
masrab v = 'sociable, good-natured’ [SK]
<dilrehm>
xo§tivi (zx) = dear. See xwe§tivi.
•t
xov «Jip» (B) = fear. See xof.
xox 3 -jp. f. (-a;-e). peach, bot. Prunus persica:
• Baweri bi dendika xox§ bine, bi qeweta
xwe ewle be (Ber 5/86, p.20) Believe that the
peach has a pit, and you'll believe in your own
strength, {also: [khokh] (JJ); <x[o]x> £* 3 . (HH))
< Ar xawx [clq. xox] = 'peach, plum'; Sor qox
Za xewxi/xowxi (Mai) [Frq/Haz/K/A/IFb/JJ/
HH/TF/OK/AA] <teraqi>
xoy (Kg) = salt. See xw@.
xoya bjp. (JBl-A) = visible, obvious. See xuya.
xozi (JB1-A/SK) = if only! See xwezi.
xu 33 . (-a; ) (Z-3) = sister. See xfl§k.
666
xubar f. (-a;-§). dust: *Xubare xwe avitibfi
dev leve MemSye nazik (Z-l) Dust had
flown into delicate Mem’s mouth and lips; -t’oz fi.
xubar (Z-l) do. {also: [goubar] jL* (JJj) {syn: t’oz)
< Ar yubar jU [Z-l/K/JB3/IFb/B//JJ]
xuda (SK) = God. See xwede.
xudan I (IFb/B) = to perspire, sweat. See xudan.
xudan II jbjj. (SK/JBl-A&S) = owner, master. See
xwedl.
xudanbext adj. 1) trustworthy, reliable;
honest: »Li wexte here, di heyamSn kevin
de mirek hebfi. mireki ciwan, geleng,
xudanbext u bi deste xwe mer (Rnh 3:23,
p.5) In former times, in the old days there was an
emir. A young, gallant, honest, and independent;
2) lucky; happy, {also: xwedibext (IFb/TF/OK);
[•qodanbext] (JJ-G)) [Rnh/K/GF//JJ-G//IFb/TF/OK]
xudani xer (Z-2) = benefactor. See
xudanxer.
xudanx§r m. (). benefactor; well-wisher:
•gel! xudan! xer (Z-2) O well wishers, {also:
xudani xer (Z-2); xuyi xer (Z-2); [qodam
keira/keirat] (JJ-G)) [sjm: xerxwaz) [Z-2//K/B//JJ]
xude (SK/JBl-S/HH) = God. See xwede.
••
xuhdan (JBl-S) = to perspire, sweat. See
xddan.
xuk J**. (-a; ) (Z-3) = sister. See xti§k.
xuki ( J^s. (K) = tax. See xuk.
■«
xulam m. ( ; xulem/xulim [B], v! xulami).
valet, servant boy: -Ez xolam (JBl-A) At your
service, {also: xolam (JBl-A); xulam (JBl-S/SK-
2/OK-2); xulam (L); [goulam] pY^(JJ); <xulam
P^./xulam (HH)) {svn: pe§xizmet; xizmetk’ar)
< Ar Yulam ^i* = 'boy, youth; slave; servant’
{xulamiti; xulam[t]i) [L//EP-7/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH
/SK/GF/TF/OK//JB1-A//JJ/JB1-S] <beni I; cari;
qerwa§; xizmetk’ar>
xulami (K/IFb) = servitude. See xulamti.
xulamiti v (KH/GF) = servitude. See xulamti.
xulamkole m.&f. (). child of a servant or
slave: *1161 du zarokan pismir il xulamkole
ji yek guhani §ir dimetin (Rnh 3:23, p.5) Both
infants, the emir’s son and the servant’s child,
sucked milk from the same breast [lit. ’nipple’].
< Ar yulam ^ = 'boy, youth; slave; servant’ + T
kole = ’slave’ [Rnh/GF]
xulamti f. (-ya;-y§). servitude; slavery:
-xulamtiya fk-S kirin = to serve s.o., be s.o.’s
slave: »Ez e heya kengi xulamitiya wi mar!
bikim? (KH, p.34) How long [lit. ’until when’]
shall I be a slave to that snake? •Her yanzdeh
kur§ mine dine w@ j@ra xulamti^ bikin (Ba)
All my other eleven sons will serve him. {also:
xulami (K-2/IFb-2); xulamiti (KH/GF); [goulami]
(JJ)) {syn: qulix) [Ba/K/A/IFb/B/TF//
KH/GF//JJ] <xulam>
xulbet (Z-2) = foreign land; exile. See xurbet.
xulbok f (-a; ). buttonhole, {also: xulboq
(Msr-2)) {syn: bi§kov [2]) [Msr] <bi§koj>
xulboq (Msr) = buttonhole. See xulbok.
xulexul J^i/xule-xul Jjp. [IFb] /. (-a;-§).
sound of water flowing in a river; babbling,
murmuring, rumbling, purling (of water) : •Ser
singe Dumanlue cicina xulexula cewik§d
ave bfi (Ba2:l, p.202) On tbe slope of (Mount]
Dumanlu here and there was the babbling of
brooks (of water), (syn: xulin) Cf. Sor xulexul
J 3 SaJ^ = ’spinning’ [Ba 2 /K/B//IFb] <§ir§irandin>
xulfe djjlp. (Zeb) = easily undone knot. See xilf.
xulin f. (-a; ). purling (of water) ; the sound of
a rising river flowing (K): *Xul!na pele be 5 r§ bfi
(EH) There was the sound of the waves of the sea.
{syn: xulexul) [EH/K] <§irin II; §ir§irandin>
xumam f (). fog, mist, (syn: duman; mij) < Ar
yamam = ’clouds’ [JB3/IFb/OK]
xnmri (K/GF/HH) = dark purple. See xemri.
• •
xunaf (TF) = dew; drizzle. See xunav.
xunav f (). 1 ) {syn: avi II) dew; 2 ) moisture; 3)
drizzling rain (IF/HH). {also: xunaf (TF); xunav
(JB3/IFb-2); [khounaw] Jb^i (JJ); <xunav> *jLi
(HH)) cf. Arm xonaw PrVuuiL = ’moist, humid’;
Sor xunaw jb^/xunawke aS^s = ’dew’
[K/A/IFb/HH/GF//JB3/JJ//TF] <qirav; xusi>
xundevan (K) = student. See xwendek’ar.
xundin (-xun-) (SK) = to read; to recite; to study.
See xwendin.
xuneda IjaJjJl. m. (). a literate, educated, hence
cultured, refined person: *Ne tu xuneday! (EH)
You aren’t a cultured person ®Tu meriki
xwendiyi (B) You are a literate (educated) man.
{also: xunede; xwendeh (IFb); xwendi (B);
[khoundi ^ju^/khoundiie ju^/khoundaie
(JJ)) Cf. P x v ande [EH/K//B//JJ//IFb]
<xwendin>
xunede oja^. = educated, refined person. See
xuneda.
667
X
xuran q\ = to itch. See xurin I.
xurandin vt. (-xurin-). 1) to scratch (an
itch): •Kegelok pi§ta stue xwe xorand ti. hat
(L) Kechelok scratched the back of his head [lit.
'neck'] [in bewilderment] and came # Teralek
pi§ta wl dixure, le ji terali il tembeliye
nikare pi§ta xwe bixurine, hema hundure
deste xwe dixurine u diaveje pa§ xwe! (LM,
15) The hack of a lazybones itches, but out of
laziness he can't scratch his back, so he scratches
the palm of his hand and throws it behind himself;
2) [ syn : tirsandin (EP-7)) jcf. xerandin = 'to bridle,
restrain') to drive on, urge on, spur on, goad, whip
up (an animal) : »Eva gend roje zengiya ser
zengiya min duxurini (Z-l) For several days
now you have been jabbing tbe stirrups into my
stirrup-bone. { also: xorandin (L); xwurandin (F);
[khorandin] (JJ); <xuwerandin
(dixwerine) (HH)) Sor xurandin ^
= ’to scratch to relieve itch'; Hau wurnay (wurn-)
(M4) [L/JJ//K/A/IFb/B/GF//F//HH] <xurin I; xurin
IH>
xurbet (IFb) = foreign land; exile. See xurbet.
xurc gyyx f (-a;-e). saddlebag: »Xurcek t’iji zere
findiqi kir (EP-7) He filled a saddlebag with gold
findiqs [type of coin], {also: x ore (JBl-A); xoreik’
(JBl-A-2); xureik (B-2); xurcin; [khourdj] (JJ);
<xurc ^ >s-/xurcik Jo._^> (HH)) {syn: xurcezin)
< Ar xurj ?< P xorjin T hurg =
'saddlebag'; cf. Arm xorg h»npq./ k‘urj =
'sack-cloth, hair-cloth' [EP-7/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
GF/TF//JB1-A]
xurcezin (). saddlebag, (syn: xurc)
[Z-2/A/IFb/GF]
xureik (B) = saddlebag. See xurc.
xurcilin vt. (-xurcil-). to dawdle, tarry,
be slow (to do stg.) : »Zine avite zindane §rita
spiye, / avite nav Meme Alaye, / Meme
xurciliye (FK-eb-1) Zin lowered a white rope into
the dungeon, / she threw it to Meme Alan, / Mem
was slow to move, {also: [khourdjilin] (JJ))
[FK-l/K/JJ] <hedi>
xurcin = saddlebag. See xurc.
xure adj. gluttonous, voracious, eating too much:
•Gelek xure ye, 1§ gi giyana nagrit (Zeb)
He’s voracious, but he doesn't gain any weight.
{also: xore (Zeb); xwara (GF); xwere (TF); [khoura
1 ^/khourai _^] (JJ); <xuwera> (HH))
[Ag/A//JJ//Zeb//HH//TF//GF]
xurek m. (-§; ). 1) {syn: xwarin [3]) food:
•Xureke wani Kert’imi nan§ t’isi H hine
toraq bti (Ba2-3, p.213) Their daily food was
stale bread and some toraq [creamy cheese]; 2)
glutton, gourmand (B). {also: x orak (SK/IF); xwarek
(IF-2); [khourek] (JJ)) Cf. Sor xorak JI
[Ba2/K/IFb/B/JJ//SK/IF] <xwarin>
xuricin vi. (-xuric-). to fall (shooting star) :
•Sterik li esmane welet xurici (Frq) The star
has fallen from the skies of the nation [euphemism
designating the death of a national hero and the
like] {syn: Ti)in} [Frq/TF] <ster>
xuristan ^(OK) = universe. See Xurustan.
xuri I (SK) = wool. See hiri.
xuri II (A/IFh/B/GF/TF) = smallpox. See xurik.
xurik f. ( ;-e). smallpox, variola [T gigek
hastaligi, Ar judarl ^ja>]: -xuri derxistin/
••
xuriya k’etin (B) to come down with smallpox,
suffer from smallpox, {also: xuri II
(A/IFb/B/GF/TF); xurike (OK-2/AA); [khourik]
jL^i (JJ); <xuri> (HH)) Cf. P xore o^ =
••
'gangrene, cancre'; Sor xurike ^C^/xurilke
v
aQjs*- = awle JjlS = ’smallpox’; cf. xurin I = 'to
itch' [Zeb/Dh/K/JJ/OK//AA//A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF]
xurike (OK/AA) = smallpox. See xurik.
xurin I vi. (-xur[i]-). l) to itch: *Teralek
pi§ta wi dixure, le ji terali ft tembeliye
nikare pi§ta xwe bixurine, hema hundure
deste xwe dixurine u diaveje pa§ xwe! (LM,
15) The back of a lazybones itches, but out of
laziness be can't scratch his back, so he scratches
the palm of his hand and throws it behind himself;
2) (of smart alecks) to ask for it, incur s.o.’s wrath
(IFb). {also: xuran; xwuriyan (F); [khoriian]
(JJ); <xuweran (dixewere) (HH)) Cf.
Sor xuran Hau wuriay (wurie-) vi. (M4)
[K/JB3/IFb/B//F//JJ//HH] <xurandin>
xurin II ^j(SK) = to attack, curse. See xurin III.
xurin III vt. (). 1) [+ li] to drive, urge on, spur
on, goad, whip up (an animal) : •Mem§ delal
wexta zengu li Bor xuriya (Z-l) When dandy
Mem spurred Bor [his horse] on; 2) [+ li] to attack,
abuse, revile (SK); to curse (K). {also: xurin II (SK))
[Z-1/EP-7/K//SK] <azirandin>
xurma§ jiL(Rwn) = dozing off. See xilma§.
668
xurm*e f (•a;«e). date(s), especially dark [re§]
and soft [nerm] ones , bot. Phoenix dactylifera.
{also: [khourma] (JJ); <xurme> ^ (HH)} [syn:
qesp I) Cf. P xorma L>s. —> T hurma; Sor xurma
[Zeb/AA/Kmc-2/CB/K/A
/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/OK//JJ)
xufnifk JLlj (Dh) = carob. See xernuf.
xufnik (Zeb) = carob. See xernfif.
xurobi U 5 *-. m. (Bw) = durra. See xirovi.
■ »
xurt o adj. 1) {syn: bihez; dir; qewi; tundj strong,
sturdy; vigorous; powerful, despotic (SK): *Cote
me xurt e (AB) Our plow (or ?pair of oxen) is
strong •Jin u biguk u ‘eyale kuret Ose hemi
gfine tekya §ex ‘Ubeydullah. Ew ji qew!
xurt bfi: kur§t Cindi Axa gazi kirin, gar-
sed lirae ‘usmani ji wan stand, da ‘eyale
kuret Ose (SK 40:387) The wives and children
and families of Oso’s sons all went to Shaikh
Ubeidullah's convent. He was very powerful: he
summoned the sons of Jindi Agha and took 400
Ottoman pounds from them and gave them to the
families of Oso’s sons; 2) hard, forceful (of rain):
•Li derve baran xurt dibariya (KS, p.8)
Outside it was raining hard; 3) fcqels) fat
(Msr/B/HH): -xurt bun (Msr): a) to become fat; b)
to become rich; 4) {syn: dewlemend; maldar) rich,
wealthy (Msr/B/HH). {also: [khourt] (JJ);
<xurt> o ^ (HH)) Cf. Sor xurt ojjp- = capable;
vigorous’ (xurtayi; xurt[t]i) [AB/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/SK/GF/TF/Msr]
xurtayi (B) = strength. See xurti.
xurti f. ( ;-ye). 1) strength; force; 2) sturdiness;
3) oppression (SK). {also: xurtayi (B-2); xurtti (B-2)|
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/TF] <tundi; xurt>
xurtti ijz (B) = strength. See xurti.
Xurustan f. ( ;-e). place proverhially used
in depicting wealth and beauty, universe, cosmos
(BG/OK): *Ser wi kulllk£d fiemil renga u
cura h£§in dibdn, g’ia usa bedew dibti,
m@riv t’ire xaliga Xurustane ser wi
Taxistine (Ba2-I) Flowers of all colors and
varieties grew on it; the mountain was so beautiful
one would have thought that a carpet of Khurustan
had been spread out on it •[Taviya Nisan§,
h§jaya mal@ Xuristan§] (BG) An April
cloudburst is worth all the riches of the universe
[proverbial saying], {also: xuristan (OK);
[khourastan-j (BG)) [Ba2//BG//OK]
xuru(GF) = simple; genuine. See xweru.
xusar (IFb) = hoarfrost. See xtisi.
xu§in vi. (-xu§-). 1) to rustle (leaves , etc.) ; to
splash gently (water, etc.) : *Li her du aliyen
riya kanlyS sipindar, darSn s£va, erflga fl
incasa hebtin. Gi§t rez btiblln. Pel£n wan
bi sira baye, yekser dixu§iyan, u li vi ali,
li wi all dihejiyan (MB-Meyro) On both sides of
the road to the well there were poplars, apples
trees, and plum trees, all in a row. Their leaves
rustled in the cool evening breeze, tilting this way
and that; 2) to slither (of snakes); 3) (-a;-8)].
rustling; gentle splashing sound: *xu§ina daran
(IFb) the rustling of the trees •xu§ina giya (GF)
the rustling of the grass; 4) slithering (of snakes),
{also: xi§in (IFb-2); xwi§in (Alkan); [khychin]
(JJ)) [MB/K/IFb/B/GF/TF/SS//JJ//Alkan]
xu§k (AB/IFb/GF) = sister. See xfl§k.
xuw^ (-a; ) (Z-3) = sister. See xu§k.
xuya adj. visible, apparent, obvious: »Ya xort@
delal, tu zilameki xerib xwiya ye (L) O
dandy youth, you appear to be a stranger [in these
parts]; -xuya bun (A/JB3/IFb-2) to appear, be
seen: «Kes xuyan nabe (nake) (B) There is no
one to be seen; -xuya kirin (A): = a) to show,
reveal {syn: mewcud kirin; peyda kirin); b) to
seem. See xuyan I. {also: xoya (JB1-A); xuyan II
(B); xuya; xweya (JBl-S); xweyan I (K-2/A-2);
xwiya (L); [khouia] 1*3. (JJ); <xuweya-> (HH)}
{syn: a§kere; diyar; k’if§; xane) < Arc hawwe
'’in/ahawe “’inK = ’to show; to tell’; NENA
maxwo:ye (Krotkoff) & Turoyo mahwe = 'to show;
to look (vi.), appear’ [L//K/A/JB3/IFb/JJ//B//
HH//JB1-A//JB1-S]
xuyan I vi. (-xwen-/-xwey- [Msr]). 1 ) to
appear, seem: *Tu pir civan dixweyi (Msr) you
look very young; 2) to make one’s appearance,
show up; to come to light, be discovered, show
(vi.), reveal o.s., manifest o.s., be seen, {also:
xweyan II (-xwey-) (Msr); xwingiyan (IFb-2);
xwingin (-xwinge) (IFb); xwiyan (K-2); xwuyan (F);
<xuweyan (dixweye) (HH)) Cf, NA
maxwo:ye (Zakho; Aradhin) & m£hwe (Turoyo) =
’to show; to look (vi.), appear’ < Arc hawwe
nn/ahawe ’’IFIK = ’to show; to tell’ [K//HH//
Msr//IF] <xane>
xuyan II (B) = visible, obvious. See xuya.
xuyi xer (Z-2) = benefactor. See xudanxSr.
669
xtidan vi. (-xtid-). to sweat, perspire; 2 ) [f.
(-a;-S).] sweat, perspiration: •Disan bi
destmala xwe ya kaxizi xwddana ser gave
xwe u ya eniya xwe ya rut pakij kir (KS,
p.37) He again wiped the sweat from his naked face
and forehead with his paper handkerchief *Min
xwedan da (Msr) I perspired, {also: xudan I
(IFb/B); xuhdan (JBl-S); xweydan (K-2); xwedan I
(F/Msr); xwidan (K- 2 ); [khou-dan j^s/khou-dain
(JJ); <xwehdan (xw[e]hdide)
(HH)} [Pok. 2 . sueid- 1043.] 'to sweat':
Skt Vsvid [svedate]; Av Vx v aed, pres, stem x v Isa- =
'to break out in a sweat' & x v ae9a- m. = 'sweat';
Mid P xwistan = 'to sweat' & xw§y = sweat'; P xuy
= 'sweat, perspiration'; cf. also Arm k‘irt (W:
k‘ird) (<*swe/idra); Lat sudor; Germ
Schweiss
[Z-l/K/JJ//IFb/B//F/Msr//HH//JBl-S]
xugi J&S- (IFb/GF) = tax. See xuk.
xtlk f. (). tax(es). {also: xuki (K- 2 ); xugi (IFb-
2 /GF); xuki (K/IFb- 2 /GF- 2 /TF)} {syn: bac; be§;
olam [ 1 ]; xer[a]c) [Bw/A/IFb//K/TF//GF] <kode>
xuki (K/IFb/GF/TF) = tax. See xflk.
xun (Ba/Z-l/K/IF-2/B/SK/JBl-A/JJ/HH) = blood.
See xwin.
xunav (JB3/IFb) = dew. See xunav.
xundar (K/B/JJ) = bloody; blood enemy. See
xwindar.
xundin (-xun-) (JBl-A) = to read; to recite; to
study. See xwendin.
xung (Dy) = sister. See xu§k.
xunmij (K/GF) = bloodthirsty. See xwinmij.
xusar (GF/HH) = hoarfrost. See xllsi.
xusik «jJL 5 ^ (IFb) = hoarfrost. See xusi.
xfisi /. (-ya; ). frost, hoarfrost, rime: -xfisiya
••
ser§ sibe (Z-3) early morning hoarfrost, {also:
xusar (IFb); xusar (GF); xusik (IFb- 2 ); xwisik (IFb-
2); xwisi (Qzl); [khous] (JJ); <xusar>
(HH)) {syn: qe^a; qiravj [Z-3//IFb//HH/GF//JJ//Qzl]
<xunav [l]>
x^k/x^k’ [JBl-A] f. (-a;-§). sister: «Ez
Zin-xatftnim, qiza mir ZSvdinim, xft§ka
mir Sevdinim, nevia mir Etlesim (FK-kk-1,
p.262) Pm Lady Zin, daughter of Mir Zevdin, sister
of Mir Sevdin, granddaughter of Mir Atlas # Geli
bira, hun ji k’ogka min beta zindana
MemS min t§da gere r§ke bine’rd ge kin.
Qiqas zer bixazin ez6 bidime we, 1§ t’ene
htin zti bikin, usa ji sura min, gewa xti§ka
xwe, k’esira nev£jin (Z-l, p.61) O brothers,
you must make a tunnel from my quarters to the
dungeon my Mem is in. I’ll give you as much gold
as you want, only you must be quick about it, and
you must not tell anyone my secret, as if I were
your [own] sister, {also: xang I (Bg); xohing (JB1-A-
2) ; xong (JBl-A-2); xu[w] (-a; ) (Z-3); xuk (-a; ) (Z-
3) ; xu§k (AB/IFb/GF); xung (Dy); xwang (IF-2);
xweh I; xwehing (JBl-S-2); xwehi§k 5 (JBl-A-2);
xwi§k (K/JB3/GF-2); [khouchkl^j^QJ); <xuweh>
(HH)} [Pok. suesor 1051.] 'sister': Skt svasar-;
Av x v aiahar-; Southern Tati dialects: Chali/Xiaraji/
Ebrahim-abadi x w aka; Takestani/Eshtehardi xaka;
Danesfani xoka; Sagz-abadi xaca (Yar-Shater); P
x v ahar Sor xu§k Za wa f. (Todd); Hau
wale f. (M4); cf. also Lat soror; Rus sestra cecTpa;
Germ Schwester; Arm k c uyr ^njp [F/a/b/JJ/JBi-S//
K/JB3//AB/IFb/GF//HH//Bg//Dy[ <bira I>
xuya = visible, obvious. See xuya.
xuz adj. stooped over, bent over (of the back):
-xwe xtiz kirin (Elk) to stoop, bend down:
•Xwe xdz ke! (Elk) Bend down (so you don't
bump your head). [Elk/K/A/IFb/GF/FJ] <kuz I>
xwal Jlp- (Bx) = maternal uncle. See xal I.
xwandegeh (IF) = school. See xwendegeh.
xwang (IFb) = sister. See xu§k.
xwani (GF) = visible, obvious. See xan@.
• •
xwar adv. 1) {syn: jer} down, downward; 2) [adj.]
low, base; 3) {also: xwehr (Bw/TF)} crooked:
-xwaro-maro (Ba2/K/A)/xwar ft xtix
(Mzg/Srk)/xwar tl xudir (Mzg)/xar fi. xudur
(IFb) crooked, {also: xar I (K/Z-l/SK); xwehr (TF);
[khar] (JJ)} {x[w]ar[ay]i} Cf. Sor xuwar jly*.; Za
war (Todd); Hau war (M4) [Z-i/K/SK/jj//A/iFb/B//TF)
<xwaro-maro>
xwara 1 (GF) = gluttonous. See xure.
xwara*yi f. ( ;*ye). 1) crookedness; 2) slope,
incline, (a/so: xarayi (B-2); xari (SK); [khwari]
(JJ)} [B//SK//JJ] <xwar>
xwarek (IF) = food. See xurek.
xwarin vt. (-xw- / -xu- / -xo- [SK/JB1-A&S/
Bw]). 1) to eat: *Were, em nan£ xwe t’isi bi
§ir£ xamberdira bixun (EP-7) Come, let’s eat
our stale bread with the milk of three-year-old
barren sheep; -hev xwarin =to fight, quarrel,
670
argue: •§kyatgia hevdu xar (EP-7) The litigants
are quarreling fiercely [lit. 'have eaten each other
up']; -nan xwarin = to eat, have a meal [lit. 'to eat
bread']; -sere fk-i xwarin (Frq) to nag, pester
s.o.; -sond xwarin = to swear, take an oath:
•Bira sond xar, ku ti§tek sere Osib na&
(Ba) The brothers swore that nothing would
happen to Joseph; 2) to drink (Ag): 3) [f. (-a;-e).]
{syn; xurek) food: *Nan ft pivaz xwarina
birgiyan e (AB) Bread and onions are (is) the
food of the hungry *Li §era xal ft xwarzi; li
xwarina, mam ft brazi (Bx) For battles,
maternal uncle and nephew; for food, paternal
uncle and nephew [prv. illustrating familial
relationships], [also: xarin (Ba/J/Ag); xwerin (F/K);
[khourin ^^/kharin ^j(JJ); <xuwarin
(dixwe) (HH)] [Pok. 1. suel(k)- 1045.] 'to
eat, drink': O Ir *x v ar- (Tsb 39): Av x v ar- (pres.
x v ara-) = 'to enjoy, consume': P xordan Sor
xwardin Za wena [werdi§] (Todd/Srk); Hau
wardey (wer-) vt. (M4); cf. also Eng swallow
[A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/GF/TF//Ba/J/Ag/JJ/SK/
JB1-A//F/K1 <azftxe [1]; nan>
xwaringeh f. ( ;-e). 1) 1 syn: a§xane [3])
dining room; 2) (syn: a§xane [2]; xwarinxane)
restaurant (Zx/Wlt). {also: <xaringe[h]> jli- (Zx))
[Zx//Wlt/IFb/GF]
xwarinxane (). restaurant, {also:
xwerinxane (F/K); xwerinxani} (syn: a§xane [2];
xwaringeh) [IFb/GF/TF//F/K]
xwaro-maro adj. crooked: -xwaro-maro
bftn = to twist, wind (vi.) , meander: *Ser singe
Dftmanlfte cicina xulexula cewiked ave
bft, ed ku minani mara jorda di§ftlikin,
xwaro-maro dibftn (Ba2:l, p.202) On the slope
of (Mount] Dumanlu here and there was the
babbling of brooks (of water), those which crept
from above like snakes, and twisted around, {also:
xaromar (K); xaro maro (IFb); xarovar (Zeb/Dh);
[khar ou mar] jL 3 (JJ)] {syn: gewt; kef II; xwar
u xur (Mzg/Srk); xwar ft xudir (Mzg)) Cf. Sor
xuwar-u-xeg Jy* = 'twisted' [Ba2/A/B/
GF//K//JJ//IFd//Z eb/Dh] <xwar>
xwarz jj)y± (B) = nephew or niece. See xwarzi
xwarza = nephew or niece. See xwarzi.
xwarze (A/TF) = nephew or niece. See
xwarzi.
xwarzi m.&f. (-ye/-ya; ). nephew, niece
mm
(child of one's sister) : •Li §era xal ft xwarzi; li
xwarina, mam ft brazi (Bx)/xwarin£ de ap
ft brazi, §er de xal ft xwarzi (IF) For battles,
maternal uncle and nephew; for food, paternal
uncle and nephew [prv. illustrating familial
relationships], {also: xarz (B-2); xarza (SK); xarzi I
(IF-2); xwarz (B); xwarza; xwarze (A/TF);
[kvarza/xoarzi] 1 (JJ); <xuwarzi> (HH))
{syn: egan (Ad)] Cf. P xaharzade =
’sister’s son or daughter, nephew or niece’; Sor
Y
xaioza I jpG = 'cousin, child of maternal uncle'; Za
xalza = 'cousin, son of maternal aunt or uncle'
(Todd) & ware-za (JJ) (xarzi II; xarzti; xwarziti)
[K/JB3/IFb/HH//SK//B//A/TF//}j] <brazi; t’iza; xal I>
xwarziti f. ( ;-ye). "nephewhood,"
"niecehood," relationship between a child and his
or her mother's brother, {also: xarzi II (B); xarzti
(B-2)} [GF//B] <xwarzi>
xwastin (IFb) = to want; to request. See
xwestin.
xwazgin m.&f. (). matchmaker (for
traditional arranged marriage I (Ag); woman sent to
see a prospective bride; go-between in marriage
arrangements (T goriicu). {also: xazgingi (Ag);
xazgin; xwezgini (F); xwezgin (K); xwezgini II (B);
[khazgin ^li/khozgin (JJ))
[IFb//Ag//F//K//B//JJ]
xwazgini (IFb/GF) = asking for a girl’s hand in
••
marriage. See xwezgini I.
xwazi (JBl-S) = If only! See xwezi.
• •
xwazok m. (). beggar, mendicant, {also: xazok
(Bw); xwezok (K); [khwazok] (JJ)) {syn: gede
[2]; p’arsek) [Bw//IFb/JJ/GF//K]
xwe prn. oneself [myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves] {reflexive
pronoun referring back to logical subject of the
sentence or phrase}: *Ez xwe dibinim = I see
myself «Min biraye xwe dit = I saw my
brother [lit. 'I saw the brother of myself]; -bi xwe
= [by] oneself, on one's own: *Ez bawar nakim,
ku ewi bi xwe fe'm kiribe (Ba) I don't believe
that he understood it on his own (=that he could
have figured it out on his own); -ji xwe = of
course; -ya xwe k’etin (XF) to grow old: *Ez ft
diya teva idi ya xwe k’etine (Z-l) your
mother and I have grown old, age. {also: xo
(SK/JB1-A&S); xoh (JBl-A-2); xweh II (A-2);
671
X
xwexa; xwexwe; [khou he (JJ); <xuwe[h]>
(HH)) Cf. P xod Sor xo j£; Za xu (Todd);
cf. also Rus sebia ce6fl & svoi CBoft; Lat se & suus
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/TF//HH//SK/JBl-A&S]
xwecih (IFb) = local. See xwecihi.
xwecihi m. Q. 1) ( syn: bineci; bineli) local
«♦
inhabitant, native: *[Eger xwecihi le bidin u
miroveki Ekradan bikujin, edi fietta
qiyamete §er 11 §iltaxed Ekradan xilas
nabin] (BN, p.101) If the local inhabitants beat
them or kill one of the Kurds' men, the battles and
squabbles of the Kurds won't end until Judgement
Day *[U xwecihi ji dibejin ku her gi
zaroked ku ji jin§d Ekradan biwelidin be
edeb i1 diz u serke§ dibin] (BN, p. 100) And
the locals say that whatever children are born of
Kurdish women are rude and thieves and obstinate;
2) adj. local: •[Lewrani mumkin nabitin ku
Ekrad jin§d xwecihi bistinin] (BN, p.99)
Therefore it is not possible for Kurds to take [i.e.,
marry] local women, [also: xwecih (IFb); [khou-
djihi] (JJ)) Sor xoce ^^/xoceyi
(Hej) [BN/JJ//IFb]
xwedan (JBl-S) = owner, master. See xwedi.
xwe-dane*pa§ /. (-a; ). reluctance;
dissociating o.s. from stg.: *Sebebeki di ji
esbabet xo-dan-e-pa§a Kurdan ji dexaleta
dewleta behiye ya urosi eweye, dibejin
dewleta urosi dil-saf e (SK 56:651) Another of
the reasons for the Kurds’ reluctance to submit to
the august Russian government is this: it is said that
the Russian government is [too] naive. [also:x o-
dan-e-pa§ (SK)) [SK//K/XF] <havi[bun]> See also -
xwe dane pa§ under pa§.
Xwed§ m. (). God: -Xwede dan (Bw/Zx) to
be born: »Tu kengi Xwede dayi? (Bw) When
were you born? [lit. ’when did God give you?'];
-xwed§ hebina (L/K)/~ hebin§ (JB3)/~ hebini
(LC) for God's sake: *De xwede hebini yane
ne ez bim ki kane vi derdi bik§ine? (LC,
p.12) For God’s sake, if not for me, who can stand
this trouble?; -XwedS kerim e (L) God is
generous; -Xwede retime! (J) God is merciful;
-XwedS teala (L) God the exalted on; -XwedS te
bihSle (L) May God keep you [among the living];
-XwedS zane (Dz) I swear by God [lit. ’God
knows'], [also: xade (EP-7); xode (JBl-A); xuda (SK-
2); xude (SK/JB1-S); [khoudi] (JJ); <xude>
(HH)) [syn: elah) Cf. P xuda Sor xwa
l^/[Mukri] xula [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF//
EP-7//JB1-A//JJ// HH//SK/JB1-S]
xwedegiravi Joyi. conj. 1) as if, as though;
•• •*
2 ) [syn: qa§o I) [interj.] supposedly, allegedly,
ostensibly: •Dibejin, ku xwedegiravi ew
giiye (B) They say that he has supposedly gone
• Gill dikirin, weki nave Mist§ Kalo dane
[sic] ser gund bona we yeke, ku, xwed§
giravi, cara pe§in ewi meriki k'ulfeta
xweva hatye we dere xwera mal ge kirye
... (Ba2:l, p.202) They say that they gave the
village the name of Miste Kalo because supposedly
this man came there first with his family [and] built
a house, [also: xwedigiravi (TF); [khoudi gherawi]
J) (JJ)) = Sor guwaya U/[ Ba2/K/B//TF//JJ]
xwedi 232 . (-ye; ). owner, master, possessor;
often used without izafeh in indicating a quality
which one possesses, e.g., xwedfbext - 'lucky,
possessing luck'; in Hekkari & Iraq the preferred
form is xudan : «Ev helwest nahele ku HEP
bibe xwedi §exsiyet (Wit 1:43) This attitude
does not allow HEP to have a personality of its
own *Xudane keri ji weto xiyal dikir ko
her do hewalet wi de hari wi ken (SK 8:80)
The owner of the donkey thought that bis two
companions would help him; -xwedi/xweyi bun
= to own: *Ez brim xweye zera ji (J) I also own
gold now; -xwedi kirin = a) [+ li] to look after,
take care of s.o. [syn: miqati hun) *Nefere wi
xay kir (Z-922) He looked after his (=another's)
people (=family); b) to feed (an animal): *Di
destpeke de min ew bi ceh u kaye xwedi
dikir (HYma, 11) At first I fed him barley and
straw; c) [+ ji] to protect [syn: parastin): •[C’iyaye]
Dumanlu Zeribxane u gunded dine nezik
ji baed §imalene sar xwey dikir (Ba2:l,
p.202) [Mount] Dumanlu protected Zeribkhaneh
and other nearby villages from the cold northern
winds »Kela ... C’ala Sineki ... ji cerd§, ji
du§min xwey kin (Ba2) Fortresses ... protect
Chala Sinek from brigands, from the enemy, [also:
xay (Z-l); xayi; xudan II (SK/JBl-A&S); xwedan
(JBl-S-2); xwei (F); xwey (B/Ba2); [khoui
^^./khoudi (JJ); <xuweyi> (HH)) Cf.
Sor xawen jojls; Za wer/wiher (Todd) [xwediti;
672
X
xweyti; [khouiti C5 xj^/khouiouti (JJ)}
[J//F//K/A/IFb/ GF/TF//Z-l//B/Ba2//JJ//HH//SK/JBl-
A&S] cmalxwe; miluk; sermiyan>
xwedibext (IFb/TF/OK) = honest; lucky.
See xudanbext.
xwedigiravi J(TF) = supposedly. See
»» »«
xwedegiravi.
xwedipez J Jq^A. 772. (). sheep owner, [also:
xwediye pez (BK-2)} [BK]
xwediti ^yq^A- /. ( ;-ye). ownership, {also: xweyti
(K/B); [khouiti ^^/khouiouti ^^>^1 (JJ)}
[K/B//IF//JJ <xwedi>
xwefiro§ m. (). collaborator; traitor,
quisling; mercenary: •Dewleta tirk ya eri§ker
ft xayin ft xwefiro§en Kurd berpirsiyaren
rijandina xwina gele me ne! (Wit 1:37, p.2)
The bellicose Turkish state and Kurdish traitors
and collaborators are responsible for the spilling of
our people’s blood, [syn: altax; destkis)
[Wlt/K/IFb/TF] <xay!n>
xweh I & Q3 ±. = sister. See xft§k.
xweh II Aq^ (A) = oneself, -self. See xwe.
xwehing (JBl-S) = sister. See xft§k.
xwehi§k’ (JBl-A) = sister. See xft§k.
xwehr (Bw/TF) = crooked. See xwar[3].
xwei (F) = owner, master. See xwedi.
xweli ^ 0 ^ 3 - /. (-ya;-ye). 1) ash(es): -xweli li ser
(IFb) pitiful, poor [lit. 'ashes on the head']; 2) (spn:
ax} dirt, soil, earth, ground: •K’ulme xweli
bavgje t’ae zera (Ba) Throw a handful of dirt
onto the pan of the scales [which has] the gold
•Zelixe k'ulme xali daveje t’ae zera (Ba)
Zelikha throws a handful of dirt onto the pan of the
scales [which has] the gold, {also: xali III; xoli (JB1-
A/SK/OK-2); [kholi] ^ (JJ); <xuweli> (HH)}
Cf. Southern Tati dialects (all f. ): Chali xola; Take-
stani, Eshtehardi, & Xiaraji xola; Sagz-abadi xuala
= 'ash' (Yar-shater); Sor xol J_*a = 'earth'; Za wel f.
= 'ash' (Todd) [K/A/'JB3/IFb/B//HH/GF/TF/0K//JJ
/JBl-A/SK] <agir; ant’ex; bizot; helemor>
xwelidan (jiA-Jq^A (GF) = ashtray. See xwelidank.
xwelidang JjI aJa^a (TF) = ashtray. See xwelidank.
xwelidank ^IaJa^a /. (-a;-e). ashtray: *]i xwe
xwelidank ji berg de li ser mase heye, ger
tunebe ji muheqqeq li ser maseyeke din
heye (LC, 34) There is probably an ashtray on the
table from before, and even if there isn’t, there
certainly is one on another table, {also: xolidank
(OK); xwelidan (GF); xwelidang (TF); xwelidenk
(Btm); xweliser (Hk); xwelivank (Bw)}
[Btm//IFb//OK//GF//TF//Hk//Bw] <xweli>
xwelidenk dJojJqji (Btm) = ashtray. See xwelidank.
xweliser wJq*A (Hk) = ashtray. See xwelidank.
xwelivank JbUJq^A (Bw) = ashtray. See xwelidank.
xwendawar jL^aJo^a (DM) = reader. See xwendevan.
xwendegah (K/JB3) = school. See
xwendegeh.
xwendegeh jq^A f. (-a; ). educational
institution, school: -xwendegeha bilind (JB3)
college; -xwendegeha destpeki (JB3)
elementary school; -xwendegeha destxetan
(JB3) school of arts and crafts; -xwendegeha
navin (JB3) high school. [ also: xwandegeh (IF-2);
xwendegah (K/JB3)} (syn: dersxane; mek’t’eb;
xwendinxane (B)) Cf. P x v angah oldies - 'Muslim
religious brotherhood’ [Ber/IFb/GF//K/JB3]
<dibistan; zaningeh>
xwendeh A<oJq*A (IFb) = educated, refined person. See
xuneda.
xwendek’ar jlToAjq^ m.&f. (). student, pupil, [also:
xundevan (K); xwendevan (K-2); xwendewar (F);
xwenkar (A)} [(neol)IFb/B/GF/OK//K//F//A]
<dersdar; mamosta; xwendin>
xwendevan ^UoJJq*A m. (). 1) reader, one who
reads: # Em bawer in ku xwendevanen
Welat ve yeke jixwe ba§ dizanin (Wit 2:100,
p.2) We believe that the readers of [the newspaper]
Welat know that very well •Herweki
xwendevanen me dizanin li 8e Hizerane
§er keti bft erden Sftriye ft Libnane ji (H2
9:31, p.775) As our readers know, on June 8th war
also broke out in the lands of Syria and Lebanon;
2 ) student. See xwendek’ar. {also: xwendawar
(DM); xwendevar (A/JB3/OK); xwendewar (IFb-2);
xwendkar (F); xwendiyar (GF-2); <xewenda> )jj^a
(HH)} Cf. P xanande <jAA> J*A = 'reader; singer'; Sor
xwendewar jljoA-o^A/xwener jaJ^a = 'reader'
[Ber/H2/K/IFb/ B/GF//A/JB3//DM//F//HH]
<xwendin>
xwendevar jUo aJo^a (A/JB3/OK) = reader. See
xwendevan.
xwendewar jljoAjq^A = 1) reader (IFb). See
xwendevan; 2 ) student (F). See xwendek’ar.
xwendin vt. (-xwen- / -xwin- [AB/IF] /
-xin- [JB3] / -xftn- [B/EP-8/Ag]). 1) to read; 2) to
recite: *Ewi ism§ sSrg li xwe xwend (L) He
673
X
recited words of magic to himself (=he cast a spell);
3) to sing (of partridges): *Kew li ser ziner
dixwine (AB) The partridge sings on the rock; 4)
to study, learn, get an education; 5) to pronounce:
•Vi navi gawa dixwini? (Dh) How do you
pronounce this name? (aiso;xandin (M-Zx/Bw);
xundin (-xun-) (SK/M); xundin (-xun-) (JBl-A);
[khandin ^ jjJ^/khoundin ^aj^.] (JJ);
<xuwandin (dixwine) (HH)} [Pok.
suen- 1046.] ’to sound, ring’: Skt svanati = ’sounds,
rings'; O Ir *h v an- (Tsb 42): Av x v anat.caxra- =
'one whose wheels squeak’; Mid P xwandan
(xwan-) (M3); Oss xon- =’to call’ (o<A before nasal);
P x v andan ^aj)^ = ’to read, to call, to sing’, cf.
range of meanings of Heb kara Hip = 'to read, to
call’; Sor xwendin [xondin] ^^o^/xondin
Za wanena [wendi§] (Todd); Hau wanay (wan-) vt.
= 'to study' (M4); cf. also Lat sono, -are = 'to re¬
sound' [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JBl-S/GF/TF/OK/M-Gul/
M-Shn// JJ//HH//SK/M//M-Zx/Bw//JBl-A]
xwendinxan»e f. ( ;•§). school, [also:
xwendinxani (K)) [syn: mek’t’eb; xwendegehl
[B//K]
xwendinxani (K) = school. See
xwendinxane.
xwendiyar jl> jJojp. (GF) = reader. See xwendevan.
xwendi ^aj^ (B) = educated, refined person. See
xuneda.
xwendkar (F) = reader. See xwendevan [1].
xwenkar (A) = student. See xwendek’ar.
xwere (TF) = gluttonous. See xure.
xwerin (F/K) = to eat; food. See xwarin.
xwerinxane jojJ* (F/K) = restaurant. See
xwarinxane.
xwerinxani = restaurant. See xwarinxane.
xwefti. adj. 1) (syn; peti) simple, pure,
unadulterated: *Nivis fesih u xweru ne (Wit
1:27, p.10) The writings are eloquent and simple
•V§ dawiye min ceh§ xurrfi didaye (HYma,
11) Recently I have been giving him pure barley;
2) original, genuine, real, authentic; unique, [also:
xuru (GF-2); cf. [khoroulj^ (JJ) = 'sole owner, one
without a partner’ & [khorou kirin] = ’to
simplify') [Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF/RF]
xweser adj. independent, self-willed: *HEP 5 a
ku nikare bibe xwediye §exsiyeteke
xweser, nikare li hemberi partiy§n dijber
ft saziyen dewlete ji, bibe xwedi rftmet ft
r§z (Wit 1:43, p.9) [If] the People’s Labor Party
cannot have an independent identity, it cannot be
respected by the opposition parties and the
instruments of the state, [also: [khou-ser] (JJ))
(syn; serxwe) Cf. P xodsar^j^ = 'obstinate,
stubborn’; Sor xoser = ’self-willed,
independent' [Wlt/K/IFb/GF/TF/OK//JJ]
xwesi (B) = mother-in-law. See xesft.
V V
xwestin vt. (-xwaz- / -xaz- [Dz/Ag] /
-xwez- [J/EP-7/K]). 1) (syn; viyan [3]) to want,
wish; [+ subj.] to want to (do stg.) / in Southern
Kurmanji [=Bahdini], xwestin means only 'to
request'to want' is expressed by viy an I : «Ez
dixazim xirabya xwe m§§era bic§rbinim
(Dz) I want to make the forest feel my evil (or, I
want to test out my evil on the forest) «Ez
dixazim herime cem xwede, bizanibim
gika rastya wi gewane? (Dz) I want to go to
God, to know what his truth is like *Ez
dixwazim ez we bizewicinim (L) I want to
marry you (pi.) off *Hezen kolonyalist
dixwazin gele me zendi bikin gor§ (Ber)
The colonialist forces want to bury our people
alive *Ti§te go dile xwe dixwest ji xwe re
kiri (L) He bought himself whatever his heart
desired; 2) to request, ask for: *B6je bav@ xwe,
bira min bixweze (J) Tell your father to ask [my
father] for me [in marriage to you] •Lazim e tu
her! qiza hakim ji mi re bixwazi (L) You
must go request the king's daughter for me; -ji fk-e
deyn xwastin (IFb) to borrow money from s.o.,
ask for a loan, [also: xastin (-xaz-) (SK); xest’in (-
xaz-) (JBl-A); xwastin (IFb-2); [khastin/khoustin]
(JJ); <xuwestin (dixwaze)
(HH)) Cf. P x[v]astan^y^1^ (-xvah-) Sor
xuwastin = 'to ask for’ [& wistin ^y^j] = 'to
want’; Za wazena [wa§ti§] (Todd) = ’to want’; Hau
wastey (waz-) vt. = ’to request’ (M4)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JBl-S/ GF/TF//HH//JJ/SK//JB1-A]
xwesu (Bx) = mother-in-law. See xesft.
xwe§ adj. 1) pleasant, nice. Can also precede
noun [T influence], e.g., *Xwe§ [or, xo§] mirov
e (Bw) He’s a nice guy; •Memo ... bi deng6
xweyi xwe§ gend k’ilamdd ba§ distira [sic]
(Ba2:l, p.204) Memo would sing some good songs
in his pleasant voice; -16 xwe§ biin (A/SK/OK) to
674
X
forgive. See le xwe§ biin; 2) { syn: ba§; ge; qenc;
rind; =Sor gak; xas) good, fine, well; 3) tasty,
delicious (B/TF); 4) fast, quick (Bw): *Xo§ nege!
(Bw) Don't go [so] fast! {also: xo§ (JB1-A-2/SK/GF-
2/Bw-2); [khoch] (JJ); <xwe§> (HH)) Cf.
P xo§ J^-> T ho§; Sor xo§ Za we§; Hau we§
(M4) (xwe§i) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/
JBlA&S/GF/TF/OK/RZ/Bw//JJ/SK]
xwe§ik adj. beautiful, lovely, pretty: •Roj, ji
roj§n buhar§ ne. Le bele hewaya deme ji
me re t§ xuyan ku ne ew rojen demsala
xwe§ik in (Wit 2:59, p.13) It is a spring day. But
the weather makes it seems as if it is not a day of
that lovely season, {also: xwe§ik (TF); xwe§-kok
(GF); <xuwe§kok> (HH)) (syn: bedew; cindi;
spehi) <dim. of xwe§
[Cnr/Wlt/A/IFb/OK//TF//GF/HH] <delal>
xwe§i f ( ;-ye). 1) pleasure, pleasantness:
_ ««
•Refiqe dirust ewe ye li xo§i u tengawiye
Tefiq bit, ne li xo§iy§ bi-tine (SK 29:269) A
true companion is one who is a companion in
pleasant times and in difficulty, not just in pleasant
times; 2) goodness: -bi zor be, bi xwe§i be (L)
willy-nilly, whether one wants to or not [bon gre,
mal gre]; 3) health (B/IFb/JJ): •Bimine di
xwe§iy@ da = Take care; Be well [farewell
greeting]; -xwe§i ft rindi (IFb) in happiness and
health; 4) good spirits, good humor (IFb); 5)
prosperity (IFb/TF). {also: xo§i (SK); [khochi]
(JJ)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF/OK//JJ/SK] <xwe§>
xwe§ik (TF) = beautiful. See xwe§ik.
xwi§in (Alkan) = to rustle. See xu§in.
xwe§-kok (GF) = beautiful. See xwe§ik.
xwe§tivi i. adj. dear, beloved:
•xwendevaren xwe§tivi! (Wit) dear readers!
{also: xo§tivi (zx); <xo§tewi> (Hej)) {syn:
'eziz; heja I[3]} [Wlt//Zx//Hej]
xwexa U.a*s = oneself, -self. See xwe.
xwexwe = oneself, -self. See xwe.
xweyi (J) = owner, master. See xwedi.
xweya (JB1-S) = visible, obvious. See xuya.
xweyan I (K/A) = visible, obvious. See xuya.
xweyan II (-xwey-) (Msr) = to appear, seem. See
xuyan I.
xweydan (K) = to perspire, sweat. See xftdan.
xweyi (J) = owner, master. See xwedi.
xweyti (K/B) = ownership. See xwediti.
xweza 1 f 0* nature, {syn: siru§t; t’ebi'et [1]]
[(neol)IFb/OK]
xwezahi (Wit) = natural. See xwezayi.
xwezayi adj. natural: •Axaftina bi Kurdi
mafe xwezayi ye gelS Kurd e (Wit 2:103, p.8)
Speaking in Kurdish is the natural right of the
Kurdish people, {also: xwezahi (Wlt-2)} [(neol)Wlt]
<xweza>
xwezgini (F) = matchmaker; marriage broker,
go-between. See xwazgin.
xwezgxn (K) = matchmaker; marriage broker,
go-between. See xwazgin.
xwezgini I ( ^Sjo 3 s. f. (-ya;-y§). asking for a girl's
♦ ♦
hand in marriage, betrothal / done by the family of
the prospective groom I : *Gavan§ gund li ser
kursiya zer a xwezginiye rftni§ti ye (L) The
village cowherd sat on the gold chair, the one
[reserved] for requests of marriage *Xwazginiya
min li gund e (IFb) My fiancee is in tbe village;
-gftn xwezgini/xwazginiyc) (IF) = to (try to)
arrange a marriage; -xwazgini vegerandin (IFb)
to annul a wedding engagement, {also: xazgini
(Z-2); xwazgini (IFb/GF); [xvlzgini] (JJ);
<xazgini> (HH)) Cf. Sor xuwazbeni
«•
= 'sending intermediary to parents of girl to ask for
her in marriage' [L/K//Z-2//IFb/GF//JJ//HH]
<xwazgin>
xwezgini II (B) = matchmaker; marriage
• •
broker, go-between. See xwazgin.
xwezi jt&L = if only! See xwezi.
xwezil Jj (B) = if only! See xwezi.
xwezila = if only! See xwezi.
xwezi conj. if only, would that [+ past subj.]:
•Xazil ew zft(tire) bihata (F) If only he had
come earlier *Xozi tu ji Tojek[§] li min
bftbay e mewan, da min gak qedr§ te
girtiba, xizmeta te kiriba, da min gakiya
te, minneta te ji-ser xo Ta-kiriba (SK 31:275)
I wish that one day you would be my guest so that
I could honor and serve you and rid myself of the
debt of gratitude I owe you for your goodness
• Xwezil ez bal diya xwe bftma (B) If only I
were at my mother's side *Xwezi li te be (K) I
envy you; -xweziya/xwezila xwe
dayin/xwezil li fk-§ anin (B) to envy s.o.
(wishing the same for o.s.) : *Ez xwezil li te
tinim (B) I envy you. {also: xazil (F); xozi (JBl-
A/SK); xwazi (JB1-S); xwezi; xwezil (B-2); xwezila;
675
X
[khouzi] ^jy^ (JJ); <xuwezi> ^jy^ (HH)} Sor xozge
tfjfci. = 'desire, wish; if only’ [K/A/JB3/lFb/B/GF/TF//
JB1-A/SK//F//JB1-S//HH//JJ]
xwezok (K) = beggar. See xwazok.
xwȤ fcyi. f. (-eya/-iya; ). salt: -be xwe (B) bland,
««
unseasoned, without salt. ( alsoixe (SK/OK/Bw);
xoy (Kg); [khoj^i (JJ); <xuwe> (S y^. (HH)) Cf. P
xiva \y± = 'taste, flavor'; Sor xwe [xo] = 'salt'
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF//Kg//JJ//HH//SK/OK/Bw]
<isot; keli II>
xwedan I jl jo^ (F/Msr) = to perspire, sweat. See
xfldan.
xwidan (K) = to perspire, sweat. See xudan.
xwin Q.>y± £ (-a;-e). blood: •xfina teyr (Ba) the
bird's blood; -xtin fk-eda neman = to be
terrified [lit. 'for no blood to remain in s.o.']: *Xun
Memeda nemabil (Z-l) Mem was terrified [lit.
'There was no blood left in Mem']; -xuna fk-e
§irine (XF) S.o. is nice, pleasant, or attractive [lit.
'S.o.'s blood is sweet']: •Keg’ike, giqas xuna te
li ber g’e’ve min §§rine (Z-2) Girl, how lovely
you are in my eyes, {also: xin (SK-2/Bw/Mzg-2);
xun (Ba/z-l/K/IF-2/B/SK/JBl-A); [khoun] ^ (JJ);
<xun> (HH)) O Ir *wahu-na/nl: Av vohunl;
Khwarezmian hwny; Pashto wlna; Shughni group:
Shughni/Roshani wixin; Bartangi/Sarikoli waxin;
Oroshori waxl/en; Yazghulami x w an (Morg2); P
xun Qy±; Sor xwen Za guni/goni/gwini £
(Mai); Hau win! £ (M4). M. Schwartz: The Vedic
(Skt) word for blood is asr-g (gen. asn-as): hence,
the expected Iranian form is *ahr-a-. A
homophone of this form exists, with the meaning
“malicious; the bad stuff” (cf. Ahriman). By
euphemistic reversal, *wahu-, meaning “the good
stuff” replaces *ahra- “the bad stuff.” See: M.
Schwartz. "'Blood' in Sogdian and Old Iranian,” in:
Monumentum Georg Morgenstierne II, Hommages
et Opera Minora, vol. 8 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982),
pp. [189]-196, esp. 193 ff. [HM/Bx/A/JB3/IFb/JBl-S/
GF/Mzg//K/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-A/Ba/Z-l//Dh]
xwindarj adj. 1) bloody; bloodstained; 2)
[m.&£ ().] blood enemy, in a blood feud or
vendetta, one who murders the relative of another,
and is put to death in revenge, {also: xundar (K-
2/B); [khoun-dar] J jQy* (JJ))
[Bw/IFb/GF/OK//K/B/JJ] <Keyf>
xwingiyan (IFb) = to appear, seem. See xuyan
I.
xwingin (j£yy± (-xwinge) (IFb) = to appear, seem. See
xuyan I.
xwini m.&f. (-ye/ ; ). murderer, killer,
assassin: # Rojeke jineke ingilizi li ser r§
hati bu ku§tin. Hakime gine e eskeri,
1
hema xwiniye jinike girt il b§ mehkeme
da ku§tin (Rnh 1:12, p.19) One day an English
woman was killed on the road. The Chinese
military judge took the killer of the woman and
had him executed without a trial. { syn: merkuj)
[Rnh/A/IFb/GF/OK] <ku§tin; xwin>
xwinmej jl~yy± (IFb/GF) = bloodthirsty. See
xwinmij.
xwinmij y*yy± adj. bloodthirsty, blood sucking;
exploitative, exploiting, parasitic: •Dagirkeren
xwinmij, gelek derd ft kul dagirtine sere
me (Wit 1:35, p.4) Bloodthirsty invaders have
filled our heads with much pain and grief, {also:
xftnmij (K/GF); xwinmej (IFb/GF-2)) Sor xwenmij
[xonmij] = 'bloodsucker' [Wlt//K/GF//IFb]
xwisik d^oyi. (IFb) = hoarfrost. See xftsi.
xwisi Ls ^y^ (Qzl) = hoarfrost. See xftsi.
xwi§k Jj^yS. (K/JB3/GF) = sister. See xft§k.
xwiya (L) = visible, obvious. See xuya.
xwiyan (K) = to appear, seem. See xuyan I.
xwurandin (F) = to scratch. See xurandin.
xwuriyan (F) = to itch. See xurin I.
xwuyan -hatin xwuyane (F) = to appear. See
xane & xuyan I.
676
xar I jU 122 . Q. gallop(ing): -xar dan (SK) to make
gallop: *Ez d§ hesp§ xo xar dem, gim e
serkanie Ketta hung ten (SK 22:200) I shall
gallop my horse off to the spring until you come;
-3car kirin = to gallop, run fast, [also: xar III (IFb);
<xar> jU (HH)) Sor xar jU = gallop'
[HM/K/HH/SK//IFb]
xar II jU 122 . (-£; ). large flock or herd (of sheep),
[also: xar II (DM)) [syn: col; keri II; suri) [DM//K]
<mi I; pez; §ivan>
xela (JBl-S) = famine; shortage. See xela.
xelet (K) = mistake; wrong. See xelet.
xelin q-J** vi. (-xel-). to be disturbed or upset
(stomach)-, to be nauseous: *Dil§ min
xelya/dixele (Derik) I am nauseous. { also:
xelan (IFb)) [Drk/Nsb/Amd//IFb]
xemgini (RF) = sorrow. See xemgini.
xemgir (Rnh/HH) = sad, troubled. See xemgln.
xemgiri (RF) = sorrow. See xemgini.
xemm (SK) = grief; worry. See xem.
xerib (JJ/HH/JBl-A&S)) = strange[r], foreign[er].
See xerib.
Xerq f- 0. I) sinking, submersion, drowning:
-xerq bun (K/IFb/JJ) to sink, [be] drown[ed] (vi.):
•Tofaneke mezin li bazirgan radive,
bazirgan t’emam cida xerq dive xulam-
xizmetk’arava (Ba3-3, #26) A great flood engulfs
the caravan, and the entire caravan drowns on the
spot, servants and all; -xerq kirin (K/IFb) to sink,
submerge, drown (vt.) : *Belki tofanek
bazirgan§ te rabe, t’emama xerq bike
(Ba3-3, #25) Perhaps a flood will engulf your
caravan, [and] drown everyone; 2) [adj.] immersed,
absorbed, soaked (SK). [also: xerq
(Ba3-3/IF); [gherq] (JJ)} <Ar Vy-r-q = ’to
drown, sink’ [Ba3/IFb//K/}J/SK] <roda gun; t[ 5 ]ofan;
xeriqin>
xe§im (K/OK/Jf-G) = naive. See xe§im.
xeyna Lj ** = except. See x§nci.
xeyni -[ji] xeyni (JBl-S) = except. See x§nci.
xeyri -ji xeyri (SK) = except. See x§nci.
xezeb (SK) = anger. See xezeb.
xezebin (L) = to be angry. See xezibin.
xezibin vi. (-Xezib-). to be or get angry,
mad, annoyed: *Rojeke li me bixezebe,
me timama bikuje (L) If he gets mad
at us one day, he’ll kill us all. [also: xezibin
(JB3/IF); xezebin (L)) (syn; xeyidin) < Ar yadaba
[L//K//JB3/IFb] chers; xezeb>
xezur (Krg) = father-in-law. See xeztir.
xiret (SK) = zeal. See xiret.
xulam (JB1-S/SK/OK) = servant boy. See xulam.
xurbet f. (). 1) (syn: xeribstan) foreign land,
foreign country, strange land; 2) [syn: kogberi;
sirgun) exile, banishment (K). [also: qurbet (K-2);
xulbet (Z-2); xurbet (IFb); <xurbet> (HH)}
< Ar yurbah T gurbet; Sor xurbet =
’absence in foreign land’ [HH//Z-2//K//IFb] <xerib>
xulam (L) = servant boy. See xulam.
677
>
ya I b \ roc. part. O; hey { vocative particle used in
direct address! : # ya bo! (L/TF) hey, dad! # ya
rebbi (L) oh, my lord! | also: [ia] b (JJ); <ya> b
(HH)} I syn: geli; lo} Cf. Ar yab [L/K/A/IF/JJ/HH/SK]
ya II L (IFb/SK) = or. See yan I.
yahni ^yj&b (IF) = stew. See @xni.
yali (Ag) = help. See arikari.
* A
Yalku§ta l^%£)b = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
yan I jb> conj. or: •BinSre ka § were an na
(Msr) See if he’s coming or not; -yan(e) ...
yan(§) (B) either ... or: «yan[@] em, yan[§]
hun (B) either we or you; ~yan(S) ji = or
even: •Diqewimi, weki gura mik-dudu
birindar dikirin yan§ ji diku§tin (Ba2)
It happened that the wolves wounded a sheep
or two, or even killed [them], {also: an (Msr);
ya II (IFb-2/SK-2); yane (Ba); yane I (Z-l/Ba2/B-2);
[ia b/ian jb/iane «vb] (JJ); <yan ^b/yanxuwe <^b>
(HH)} [K/A/B/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF//Ba//Z-l/
Ba2//Msr]
yan II jb (K) = That is to say. See ye’ni.
yane *sb (Ba/JJ) = or. See yan I.
yane I jib (Z-1/Ba2/B) = or. See yan I.
yane II jib (IFb) = That is to say. See ye’ni.
yani jb (GF) = That is to say. See ye’ni.
yani ^b/ya’ni (JBl-A&S) = That is to say. See
•• •*
ye’ni.
yanzde ojyib (JB3/JB1-A&S/GF/M-
Ak&Am&Ber&Shn/Rh) = eleven. See yanzdeh.
yanzdeh b num. eleven, 11. [also: deh u
yek (Ad/Kg/Krg); yanzde (JB3/JB1-A&S/M-
Ak&Am&Ber&Shn/Rh); yazde (SK); yazde
(M-zx&Gul); yazdeh (A); [ianzdeh ojjib/deh ou iek
«jJL j oj] (JJ); <yazdeh> ojjb (HH)} Cf. P yazdah
ojjL; Sor yanze ojib; Za jandes/desujew (Todd)
[Ba/F/K/B/IFb/JJ/SC//A/HH//JB3/JBl-A&S/GF/
M/Rh// Ad/Kg/Krg]
yaqfit o^i'b m. (), 1) [syn: lal II) ruby: -aqllt H
almast (Z-2)/alqut H almaz (Z-2)/alqut
U almas (Z-2) rubies and diamonds;
2) jacinth (precious stone) (K). [also: alqut (Z-2);
alqut (Z-2); aqut (Z-2/K); [iaqout] o^'b (JJ)} Cf.
Ar ySqut c^sb —> T yakut; Sor yaqut o^b =
’ruby’ [F/IFb/JJ/GF//K/Z-2] <almas>
yar jb m.&f. ( ; /-§). 1) (syn: dost; heval; hogir} friend;
cs
♦ ♦
2) {syn: dilk’eti} beloved, lover; mate, boyfriend or
girlfriend: •Lazime em yarek§ j§ra bibinin
(FK-eb-1) We must find him a mate, {also: [iar] jb
(JJ); <yar> jb (HH)} Cf. P yar jb~> T yar; Sor yar jb
= 'lover, friend, helper' (yari 1} [FK-l/F/K/A/IFb/
B/JJ/HH/SK/JB1-A/GF/TF] <neyar>
yari I ^b f. (). 1) (syn: dosti; hevalti} friendship,
»»
amity; 2) relationship (between lovers), love[r]
relationship, {also: [iari] ^b (JJ); <yari> ^jb (HH)}
Cf. P yari ^b = ’friendship’ [K/A/IFb/JJ/HH/
GF/TF] <yar>
yari II ^jb f Q. 1) [syn: henek; tewz; tinaz; tirane}
#•
joke, verbal game; 2) [syn: listik; tirane} a game:
-yari kirin (Bw)/lari kirin (M-Ak)/rari kirin
(Zx) to play [syn: listin}: «D§ rabe, here jor,
bo xo lariya digel bike (M-Ak #671, p.302)
Get up and go inside and play with her. [also:
lari (M-Ak); rari (Zx)} Cf. Sor yari ^jb = 'game';
Za yari = 'joke, anecdote’ (Mai) [Msr/A/IFb/HH/
JBl-A/OK// M-Ak//Zx] <henek; listik; tinaz>
Yarki§ta Lixf,b = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
Yarki§tan jLii^b = men’s folk dance. See Yarxi§te.
Yarxi§te A^s-jb (). folk dance done by groups of men,
in pairs: the geographic distribution includes Bitlis,
Malatya, Mu§, Siirt , & Van. { also: Alku§ta; Arku§ta;
Halku§ta; Harko§te; Harku§ta; Yalkugta; Yarki§ta;
Yarki§tan) See: §erif Baykurt. TiirkHalk Oyunlan
(Ankara : Halkevleri genel merkezi, 1932), passim
& p. 197. [Kp/§.Baykurt] <govend>
yax /. (-a; ). collar: -yaxa xwe [ji] f-k§ xilas
lcirin (K) to get rid of [syn: aza bun): •Belki box
l§xe bikuje, yaxa pir£ je xilasbe (J) Maybe
the bull will strike him and kill him, [so that] the
old woman will be rid of him (lit. ’the collar of the
old woman will be rid of him'), [also: yaxe (IFb);
yaxi (-ya;-ye) (B); [] ^ (JJ) = pocket} (syn: berstu;
girivan; p’esir [2]; pistol < T yaka; — >Sor yexe
*Wexe (OM-Mukri) [J/K//IFb/JJ//B]
yaxe *sb (IFb) = collar. See yax.
yaxi ^b, f. (-ya;-ye) (B) = collar. See yax.
yazde ojjb (SK)/yazde *jJbb (M-Zx&Gul) = eleven. See
yanzdeh.
yazdeh AoJjb (A) = eleven. See yanzdeh.
yazi ^jb /. (-ya;-y@). destiny, fate: # Idi yazya min
«•
eve (EP-7) Now this is my fate, (syn: eninivis;
678
Y
qeder II} < T yazi = ’writing; fate, destiny’
[EP-7/F/B] ‘
yazlix = balcony. See yazlix.
yazlixan jl> (K) = balcony. See yazlix.
yazlix UjL> £ (-a; ). balcony: •Hakimg bajar@
D.§ li ser yazlixa xwe ye (L) The ruler of
the city of D. is on his balcony, \also: yazlix;
yazlixan (K)} ( syn: palkon; rewaq [4]; telar}
< T yazlik - 'summer home' [L//K]
yek Jcu num. £ ( ;-e). 1 } one, 1: ~ev yek = this
(dem. pm.) {syn: ev hinde}; -ew yek = that
(dew. prn.) {syn: ew hind}: *Le li bexte
gundia ra ew yek nediqewimi (Ba2:l,
p.203) But luckily for the villagers, that did
not happen; -ji bona (or, seba) we yek§
(K)/ji ve yeke (Z-l) for this reason, therefore:
•[Al-pasha was upset about his son Mem's plans
to leave the city. Consequently, his associates
summoned Mem and implored him] weki M.
dest§ xwe ji ve yeke bik'§ine (Z-l) ...that
M. give up [his plan] for this reason; -yek-yek /
yeko-yeko (Z-l) one by one: *Agir p’arxane
min yeko-yeko dikoje (Z-l) The fire is
gnawing my ribs one by one; -yek btin [bi fk-e
re] = to unite (vi.) , be united [with]: *Ev cepha
ku, bi dijmine Kurdan £n her! mezin ...
re btiye yek (Wit 1:36, p.l) That front (=KDP)
which has united with the Kurds 5 greatest enemy;
-yek girtin (IFb/GF) to unite (vi.), be united:
-Welatet fikgirti (VoA) United States; 2) same:
•Yek e (B) It’s all the same; There is no difference;
It doesn’t matter: «Tera yek nine (Dz) Isn’t it
all the same to you? What does it matter to you?;
3) {also: ekudin; yekdi (Bx); yekdu (Bx): yekudin
(Bx); yekudi (Bx); yekudu (Bx); yekudu (Bx)} (syn:
hev; ek} each other, one another, {also: ek II (JBl-
A&S/Bw); yek (JB1-S/SK-2); [iek] JL (JJ); <yek> JL.
(HH)} Av aeva-; Mid P ek (M3); P yek JL; Sor yek
Za jew/ju (Todd/Mal)/jo/ju/yew (Mai); Hau yo
[f. yuwa] (M4) [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/
JBl-A/GF/TF/OK//JBl-S/Bw] See also ekfldin.
yekbfiyi adj. united: *Me Kurdistanek
yekbdyi, serxwebtiyi d demokratik dive
(Ber) We need a united, independent, and
democratic Kurdistan; -NeteweySn Yekbllyi
[=NY] (Wit) The United Nations; -T’e§kileta
Mileted Yekbuyi [=T’MY] (B) The United
Nations, UN {syn: Neteweyen Yekgirti (VoA)}
[Ber/B/IFb/GF/TF] <yek>
yekdi a5a> (Bx) = each other, one another. See yek [3].
yekdu (Bx) = each other, one another. See yek [3].
yekem ^aTaj adj . first, {also: yekemin (K[s]/JB3/IFb-
2/GF-2/TF); ekeye (JBl-S); eke (JBl-A)} {syn: ’ewil;
pe§in; sift (Ad)} Cf. Sor yekemfin] [^I^aSaj
|(neol)Ber/A/IFb/GF//K(s)/jB.3/TF//JBl-S//jBl-A] <yek>
yekemin q^aSaj (K[s]/JB3/IFb/GF/TF) = first. See
yekem.
yeketi ^'aTaj (A) = unity. See yekiti.
yekiti ^juTa j £ (-ya; ). unity, oneness; union:
• yekitiya zimane Kurd! (Wit 2:100, p.2) the
unity of the Kurdish language, {also: yeketi (A);
[ieki] (JJ)} Sor yeketi
[Wlt/K/IFb/GF/OK//A//JJ]
yekser adv. 1) completely, totally, entirely:
•Bori bimbarek bu ser surera firqas kir
yeksere (EP-7) Bor [the horse] was blessed, and
jumped completely over the wall (or, and right
away jumped over the wall); 2) at once, right away,
immediately; 3) at the same time: *Tu yekser vg
xebatg ji bike (B) While you're at it, do that job
too. {also: ekser (JBl-S)} Cf. Sor yekser
yeksere ojUaj = 'directly, without warning’
[EP-7/K/B/IFb/GF/TF//JBl-S]
Yek§em ^a^Ta; £ (). Sunday, {also: fik§em; Yek§emb
(K/JB3)} {syn: Bazar [3] (SC); Le’d} Cf. P yeksanbe
a. jj£> \ Sor Yek§emii^*u^vyYek§em[m}e aU^a^Ta?;
Za Yek§eme m. (Todd) [A/IF//K/JB3]
Yek§emb (K/JB3) = Sunday. See yek§em.
yekudin j a^Ta; (Bx) = each other, one another. See
yek [3].
yekudi (Bx) = each other, one another. See
yek [3].
yekudu (Bx)/yekudu ^j^Ta; (Bx) - each other,
one another. See yek [3].
yeman (). animal disease: *§ivana k’er§ xwei
ku 'yeman' derxistibun danine 'erde (Dz)
The shepherds had laid their donkey, who had
come down with 'yeman,' on the ground. [Dz]
ye’ni that is, that means, that is to say, i.e.,
namely, {also: yan II (K); yane II (IFb); yani (GF);
yani; ya’ni (JBl-A&S); [iani] (JJ)} {syn: ango;
demek] <Ar ya‘nl = 'it means; so-so’; Sor yani
679
[SK//K//IFb//GF//JJ/JB l-A&S]
• •
yeqin qj adj./adv. 1) certain(ly), doubtless, (for)
sure, absolutely: »Ew§ y§qim iro b§ (B) He will
surely come today; -yeqin kirin (SK)/eqin
kirin (JBl-S): = a) to ascertain, be sure; b) to
convince, persuade; 2) /£/certainty, conviction
(JBl-A). {also: e qin (EP-7/JB1-S); yeqim (B);
<yeqin> ^ (HH)} < Ar yaqln
[Z-l/K/IFb/HH/ SK/ /EP-7/JB1-S] See also eqin.
Yezidi (A) = Yezidi. See fizidi.
yek (JBl-S/SK) = one. See yek.
yeqim EJ (B) = certain(ly). See §qin & yeqin.
yer f. place: •Kemu xorte yere (Ba) all
the local youths (lit. 'all the youths of the place')
•Y§ra me bona Keywanetxweykirin§ ze 5 f
rinde (B) Our place is excellent for raising
animals. ( syn: ci I; der I; dever I; dews; §un) < T yer
= 'place; ground' [Ba/F/K/B]
J
1
z
zabe§<j;AjUf> (Slv) = watermelon. See zebe§.
zaboq (jjjAj /. (~a;-@). 1) 1 syn: kolan II; k’uge; zikak)
street, lane, alley; 2) garbage dump, trash heap,
place where garbage is dumped (IFb/HH). I also :
zabuq (GF-2); zamboq (Msr); [zaboq] (JJ);
<zaboq> j (HH)) [Frq/K(s)/IFb/JFPS/HH/GF//Msr]
<dirb; r§>
zabuq Q &)j (GF) = street. See zaboq.
zad jlj /zad jib [JBl-A] m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: dexl)
grain, cereal: «Qal tiji zad e (AB) The pit (or,
sack?) is full of grain; 2) (syn; azuxe [l}; xurek;
xwarin [3]) food, foodstuffs; provisions, supplies:
•Gazi jina xo kir, "Zu be, do§ek u balgan
da-ne ti. zadeki xo§ Kazir ke, ko mewaneki
zor 'eziz bo me hatiye" (SK 8:82) He called
to his wife, "Hurry, set out mattresses and cushions
and prepare some good food, for a very dear
guest has come to us"; -zad anin (IF) to stock up
on supplies; 3) harvest; crop (JB3). {also: [zad] Aj
(JJ); <zad> Aj (HH)) < Ar zad Aj = 'provisions,
supplies'; Sor zad Aj = ’food’
[L/B w/K/A/JB3/IF/JJ/HH/SK//JB 1 -A]
zafolj (Ba2/OK) /za’f (IS) = much; very. See
ze’f.
zagon 1j f. (-a;-e). law: «Zagona Kemal Pa§a
xira be (Kp) A pox on K. P.’s law; -zakon
derxistin (B) to pass a law. {also: zagun (K); zakon
(B); zaxon (TF)} [syn: qanun) <Rus zakon 3aKOH =
‘law’ [Kp/IFb//K//B//TF]
zagun j (K) = law. See zagon.
zaha Wj (Ag) = dry. See ziwa.
zahf (A) = much; very. See ze’f.
zahr j (A) = word; talking. See zar I.
zak Alj m. (-e; ). beestings, colostrum, high-protein
milk, fresh milk for babies: -zake gele (Zeb)
cow beestings, [also: <zak> J)j (Hej)) {syn: firo)
Sor jek Aoj [Zeb/Hej]
zakon q£\ j (B) = law. See zagon.
zamboq (Msr) = street. See zaboq.
zan q\j (JBl-A) = to give birth; to be born. See zayin.
zana Islj (JB3/IFb/SK/JJ/HH/GF) = wise. See zane.
zanahi (GF) = wisdom. See zaneti.
zanati ^blj (Wit) = wisdom. See zaneti.
zanayi ^blj (A/IFb) = wisdom. See zaneti.
zanbun (F) = to know. See zanibtln & zanin.
zandar jIjjIj (F) = wise. See zane.
zane *Aj adj . 1) learned, (well-)educated; wise: *§6x
beg ft axa zor bo Kale xo ft menfe £ et§
zatiye xo zana u §eytan in, emma re c iyet
zor begare nezan ft weK§i ne (SK 56:655)
The shaikhs and begs and aghas are very wise and
cunning in looking after their own case and their
personal profit, but the peasantry are quite hapless
and rude and ignorant; 2) [m.[ a sage, wise man;
scholar (JJ). {also: zana (JB3/IFb-2/SK); zandar (F);
zanedar (B); [zana] Uj (JJ); <zana> 1st j (HH)) Cf. P
dana Is) j = ’wise'; Sor zana b1j = 'learned; scholar';
Za zanaye = ’knowledgeable’ (Todd) (zanahi;
zanati; zanayi; zaneti; zaneyi) [Ber/K/A/TF/Msr//
JB3/IFb/JJ/HH/SK/GF//F//B] <zanin>
zanebun j = to know. See zanibun & zanin.
zanedar jb<u)j (B) = wise. See zane.
zaneti f. ( ;-ye). 1) wisdom; 2) knowledge:
■ ■
•Gelek caran di zanatiy§ de min
diheyrinin (Wit 1:32, p.7) Many times they
amaze me with [their] knowledge, {also: zanahi
(GF); zanati (Wit); zanayi (A~2/IFb/GF~2); zaneyi
(TF)) [A//Wlt//IFb//GF//TF] <zane>
zaneyi ^/Aj (TF) = wisdom. See zaneti.
zang Jj )j f.(K)/m.(B) Q. ravine, gorge, canyon, gully;
precipice, cliff, crag: •Siabende Silivi 1§
niheri, g’eleke we xwe daye ber zangek§
(EP-4) Siyabende Silivi saw that the doe [lit. ’cow’]
was standing at the precipice, {syn: dergeli; derteng;
geboz; gelt II; zer II) [EP-4/K/B] <qeya; zinar>
zanibun j vt. (zani-b-). to know / used in the
imperative, subjunctive , and past tense /: «Ez
dixazim herime cem xwed§, bizanibim
gika rastya wi gewane? (Dz) I want to go to
God, to know what his truth is like •Jine ji
zanibh, weki Osibi ze’f aqile (Ba) The
woman also knew that Joseph was [lit. 'is'] very
smart »Weki ti§tek be ser@ wi, zanibin, ez§
we gi§ka qirkim (Ba) If anything happens to
him, know that I will kill you all. {also: zanbun (F);
zanebun) [Ba/Dz/K/(B)/(JJ)/(JBl-A&S)//F] See also
zanin.
zanisti /. (). science: •\J xebiti ji bo
belavkirina zanisti ft xwendin
nivisandin li nav milet da (Havibun 5 [1999],
681
z
p.74) And he strove to spread science, reading, and
writing among the people, {also: zanisti (K[s])l {syn:
ulm) Sor zanist = ’science’ (HG/K3)
[(neol)OK/RF/RZ//K(s)] <zanyari>
zaniyar! ^Iplj (IFb/OK) = knowledge. See zanyari.
zanin ^-olj /zanin Q-jlfe [JBl-A] vt. ([di]zan-;
neg. nizan-; sub/. & past tenses formed with
zanibtin: subj. bizanibim; past min zanibfi).
1) to know [Germ wissen; Fr savoir]: # £awa te
zanin (Ber) As is known »Ez nizanim = I don't
know »Ez zanim, ku ew gtiye (B) I know that
he went; -bi filan zimdn zanin = to know (a
language) : »Ne, ez nizanim bi 'erebge (Ks)
No, I don't know Arabic *Kegelok bi zarife
teyra zane (L) Kechelok knows bird-language;
-dan zanin (IF) to inform, tell; 2) to consider,
deem, regard, think [often + bi]: •K’e ku p’aki
haj ji §ivantiye t’unebh, hew zanibti, ku
ew ti§teki getin nine (Ba2:l, p.203) Those
who were not well acquainted with shepherding
thought that it was something not very difficult;
3) [/. (; -e).] {syn: ulm; zanyari) knowledge;
knowing (SK): »Dibistan kana zanine ye
(AB) School is the source of knowledge, {also:
[zanin] j (JJ); <zanin (dizane) j)>
(HH)) [Pok. 2. gen-, gene-, gne-, gno- 376.] 'to
know, recognize’: Skt Vjna; O Ir *zan- (Tsb 44):
Av zan- (pres. zana-/zan-); OP dan- (past a-dana =
’he knew’; Pashto pe-zenem (past pe-zand-) = ’to
know, be acquainted with’; P danestan
(-dan-) (jij); Sor zanin Za zana [zanayi§]
(Todd); Hau zanay (zan-) vt. (M4); cf. also Rus znat’
3 HaTfc; Lat [co]gnosco; Gr gi-gnosko yvyvcoaKU)
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JBl-S/
GF/TF//JB1-A] <nas kirin; zanibun>
zaningeh /. (-a;-e). university: •Li lise
u zaningehe ku te de, di pevajoya saleke
de min §axe ekonomiye bi Ingilizi xwend,
ez hini Ingilizi bhm (Wit 1:35, p. 16) At the
high school and at the university where I studied
economics for a year, I learned English, {also:
*zanistan (IF-2); *zanistgeh (TF); *zanistgeh (K[s])l
(syn: *universite, f. (F)) Cf. Sor zanistga
l£L*j)j/zanko [(neol)Ber/Wlt/K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/
/TF//K(s)] <dibistan; mek’t’eb; xwendegeb>
zanisti j (K[s]) = science. See zanisti.
zanyari /. (-ya; ). 1) (syn: ulm; zanin [2]}
••
knowledge, information: *Bi p§§vegdna
zanyariya xwe ya siyasi ve (Ber #7, p.9)
With the advancement of my political knowledge
[i.e., my knowledge about politics]; 2) [adj.]
scientific, {also: zaniyari (IFb/OK)} Sor zanyari
j = ’knowledge (HG); information, education
(K3)’ [(neol)Ber/K(s)/A/GF/RZ//IFb/OK]
zar I jlj m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: beje; gill [l]; peyiv;
pirs [2]; §or; xeber) word; 2) {syn: qise;
xeberdan) talking, speech: *01116 ji bi
zarekl xwe§ ddrddirej ji min re g§li
jiyana kogeriye kir (Lab, 11) Afterward he
articulately described the nomadic way of life to
me in detail; -hatin zare (JB3) to complain {syn:
$ikyat kirin); -zare fk-e [ber] nagere (XF/B) to
be unable to bring o.s. to say stg.: *Zar§ wi
nagere ku derheqa we yekeda b§je have
xwe (B) He can’t bring himself to tell his father;
3) {syn: zarav; ziman) language, dialect; 4) {also:
zehr (Bw/TF)) imitating, aping: -zar ve kirin
(XF)/zehri [zar] [vejkirin (Bw)/zehr kirin
(TF) to imitate, ape: *Ez d§ zehri wi kem (Bw)
I will imitate him. [also: zahr (A); zehr (Bw/TF);
[zar] j\ j (JJ)1 Cf. Sor zar J j = ’mouth’
[K/IFb/B/JJ/XF//A//Bw/TF] <zarav>
zar II j\ j adj . pregnant {of women only: for animals =
avis j (Ag). {syn: avis; bibemil; biti§t; duhala; giran
I; Kemle) [Ag]
zar III j)j f. (). die, pi. dice, (also; [zar] jlj (JJ))
Cf. T zar; Za zar, pi. zari (Todd) [K(s)/IFb/JJ/OK]
<k 5 ap II>
zar IV jlj (B/F) = child. See zaro II.
zarav Jlj)j m. (-e; ). 1) {syn: peyiv [2]; qise [2])
speech, talking; 2) dialect, language: *Kegelok
bi zarife teyra zane (L) Kecbelok knows bird-
language; -tekiliya zaravayan (Ber) mixing of
dialects; 3) {syn: cins [3]; zayend) gender (gram.)
(B): -zarave jina (B) feminine gender; -zarave
mera (B) masculine gender, {also: zarava (Ber/IFb)
zarif (L)) [Ber/IFb//L//K/B] <zar I>
zarava Uljlj (Ber/IFb) = talking; dialect; gender. See
zarav.
zargotin f (-a; ). folklore: *Zargotina
me pir dewlemend e. milet§ me ew
zargotin afirandiye, niha ji diafirine. Ew
kaniyeke gur e (Wit 2:59, p.16) Our folklore is
682
z
very rich. Our people has created this folklore,
and is still creating it. It is a gushing source. { syn:
folklor) [Ber/Z/TF]
zarif ojlj (L) = talking; dialect; gender. See zarav.
zaro /zaro j [JBl-S] m./f.(B/F) (-we/-y§ /;
/-§; obi. pi. zara[n]). child: «ji dela zaroka ve
(L) instead of sons (or, children) : -miqati zara
bfln (F) to take care of the children; -zar H zeg
(Ber) women and children. See zav-zeg; -zaro-
maro (Haz) do. {also: zar IV (B-2/F); zarok f. (K-
2/lFb-2/TF); zarole (IFb-2); zarow; zaru (K/IFb-2);
zaruk f. (K-2); zaru (IFb-2); zaruk (AB); [zarou]
jjtj (JJ); <zaro> jjlb (HH)) {syn: kuf; law; m in dal;
t’ifal; z§c; [f. keg’[ik]; qiz]} Cf. Sor zaro jjlj/zarok
Y
-Jjjlj/zarole (=min[d]ai J1 [jJju); Hau zarole
m. (M4) {zarok[t]i; zaroti; zaroti; zarti; zaruti;
zafuyi) [AB/K/JJ//TF//A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/Mzg//
HH//F//JB1-S] <zayin>
zaFok jsJjjlj, f. (K/IFb/TF) = child. See zaro II.
zaroki (J ^ J \j (GF/TF) - childhood. See zaroti.
zarokti C5 ^ J 1 j (A) = childhood. See zaroti.
zarole <J$j1 j (IFb) = child. See zaro II.
zaroti ^jlj/zaroti [B] f. (-ya;-ye). childhood:
•Zaroktiya wi t§ bira min (Lab, 41) I
remember his childhood, {also: zaroki (GF-2/TF);
zarokti (A); zarti (K-2/B-2/F); zaruti (K); zaruyi (K-
2); [zaroutil^’jjlj (JJ)) (W 2 : g’ug’ikti; mindalti
(K[s])l [JB3/IFb/GF//B//K/JJ//A//TF//F] <zafo II>
zafow j^jl j = child. See zaro II.
V
z afti ^jlj (K/B/F) = childhood. See zaroti.
zaru 3 j)j (K/IFb) = child. See zaro II.
zatuk Jjjlj, f. (K) = child. See zaro II.
zaruti (K/JJ) = childhood. See zaroti.
zaruyi j (K) = childhood. See zaroti.
zaruij (IF) = child. See zaro II.
zaruk j (AB) = child. See zaro II.
zar u zeg 33 (Ber/GF) = family. See zav-zeg.
zat olj m. (-e;-i). person; noble person, personage:
•Conko cenab@ mir zateki mezin e, ez o
riwi xulam in, dibit pi§ka zate wi zedetir
bit. Bes lazim e ga bo cenabS mir bit (SK
7:71) Since his excellency the chief is a great
person, while the fox and I are servants, his
personal portion must be greater. The ox must
therefore be for his excellency the chief *Ew zat
... zate ko ev reben II geleken mina evi
sermest kiriye, Ehmed§ Xani ye (Tof, 8) The
person ... who has intoxicated this wretched soul
and many others like him is Ahmed-i Khani. {also:
[zat] olj (JJ)1 (syzrkes) < Ar dat olj = 'essence,
nature, self, person’ fem. of du 3 j = ’possessor of,
endowed with’; Sor zat olj = ’personage’
[Tof/IFb/SK/JJJ
zav«alSlj m. (•aye/«e; •§). 1) groom, bridegroom:
•Btik li zave piroz be (AB) may the bride be
blessed to the groom [traditional greeting at
weddings] # Zava gii ser xeni (AB) The groom
went up to the roof; 2) son-in-law [pi. sons-in-law];
brother-in-law [pi. brothers-in-law]: generic term
for a man marrying into the family : •Ze’ve te
meriki wisane (J) Your son-in-law is such a man
•Tu nexebiti, ze’v§ te n§n nade te! (J) [If]
You don’t work, your son-in-law won’t give you
any food [lit. ’bread’]! {also: zawa (SK); ze’va (J/B) ;
[zawa] tilj (JJ); <zava> IS1 j (HH)) [Pok. gem(e)- 369.]
’to marry': Skt jdmatar- = 'son-in-law'; Av zamatar-
= ’son-in-law'; Sgd z’mt’y [zam(a)te]; Khwarezmian
z’mk [zamak] & z’m’d [zamad]; Mid P damad =
'bridegroom, son-in-law’ (M3); Southern Tati
dialects: Chali zoma; Eshtehardi zuma; Danesfani
zoma = ’son-in-law’ (Yar-Shater); Baluchi zama; P
damad jLIj —> T damat; Sor zawa I3Ij; Za zama m.
(Todd); Hau zema m. (M4); cf. also Gr gameo
■yapio) = 'I marry'; Rus ziat' 3flTb = ’son-in-law or
sister’s husband’ {zavati (K/A/IF); ze’vati (B)}
lF/K/A/IFb/)Bl-S/GF/TF/SC/BK/Kr/Haz//J/B//SK]
<buk I>
zavati j f. ( ;-ye). state of being a groom or son-
in-law. {also: ze’vati (B)J [K/A/IF//B]
zav u zeg ^ J»lj (IFb) = family. See zav-z§g.
zav-zeg <Jl j (). women and children, family,
dependents j cf. T goluk gocuk). {also: zar u zeg
(Ber/GF); zav u zeg (IFb)} {syn: ’eyal; k’ulfet [2];
zaro-maro (Haz)) [Mzg/Srk//IFb//Ber/GF]
zawa (SK) = groom; son-in-law. See zava.
zaxon tjfP-lj (TF) = law. See zagon.
zayend jj«ulj /. (-a; ). grammatical gender:
-zayenda m@/~m£yti (K) feminine gender;
-zayenda n§r/~m§rfti (K) masculine gender;
-zayenda netar (K) neuter gender, {syn: cins [3];
zarav [3]| neologism based on the verb zayin = ’to
give birth’ and the present participle [zayende] of
its Persian cognate zadan ^jjlj /za'ldan j.xJlj
[ (neol)K/IFb/GF / OK]
683
z
zayin (BK) = to give birth; to be born. See zayin.
zayin vt. (-ze-/-za- [K-2]). 1) | syn : fazan [2];
welidandin; welidin (Ag)) to bear, give birth to; to
give birth, of animals only (Ag/JBl-A): for human
beings = welidin (Ag): •Bizinek ... Kolike
ava dike, xwera dike gom, teda dize (J) A
goat... builds a hut, makes a pen for herself, and
gives birth in it; 2) to be born, {also: zan (JBl-A);
zayin (BK); [zain] (JJ); <zan jlj (dize) j)>
(HH)| [Pok. 1. gen-/gena-/gne-/gno- 373.] ’to give
birth, beget’ (with laryngals: genH-/gnH-): proto
Indo-Ir *zanH ~ *za: Skt jani- & janayati =
'engenders, gives birth to’; proto Ir *zan- ~ *za-; Av
zayeite (<*gn-i6) = ’gives birth’ & zlzanti/ thematic
zlzananti = ’they give birth’; Mid P zadan (zay-) =
’to bear (offspring), be born' (M3); P zadan
/za'idan (jAJlj; Sor zayin ^o)j (-ze-); Za zena
[zayi§] (Srk); Hau zay (z-) vi. (M4); cf. also Arm cnil
itihL - '1° be born' & cnolk* yunrpg = ’parents';
Lat genesis, genitor, etc.; Mod Gr goneis yoveig =
’parents' [K/A/JB3/IFb/GF/TF/Ag/Rh//
BK/}J//HH/JBl-A] <avis; de I; fiemle; Peliqin;
welidin; zestani>
zebe§ m . (-e; ). watermelon, bot. Citrullus
vulgaris : *Ez gume sere diyareki, min di
heft beran li pey beranek[i] [pine zebe§] (L)
I went to the top of the hill, I saw seven rams after
one another [rdl.; ans.: watermelon plant [. {also:
jebe§ (Zx); §ebe§ (Btm/Czr/Grc); zabe§ (Slv); zeve§
(K/B); [zebech] (JJ); <cebe§ u i^./jebe§
^jioj/zebe^ (HH)) {syn: k’al III; §ifti| Cf. clq Ar
of Halab (Aleppo), Syria jabas Za zeve§ f.
(Todd) For another example of initial §-/z-
alternation see gembelflk I. [Bx/F/A/JB3/IFb/JJ/
HH/ GF/TF / OK/AA//K/B//Btm/Czr/Grc//Zx]
zeblek -JaLoJ f. (-a; ). muscle (of forearms and
shins): -zebleket belek (Ak) calf muscles, {also:
zevlek (IFb/GF); <zeblek> (Hej)}
[Ak/Zeb/OK/RZ/Hej//IFb/GF]
zebilr oj f. (-a; ). Psalm(s); book of psalms,
psalter, {also: zembur (K); [zebour] ^jj (JJ)) <Ar
zabur^j [A/IF/JJ//K]
zed*e ojoj f. (•a;«e). 1) lesion (on the organs of a
human being , animal, or plant) ; 2) sickness,
illness, disease; 3) [fig.] problem, lack, weakness,
deficiency; harm, something wrong, something the
matter: •Aqtib, tu §ike neve ser gura, zeda
tlsiv deste birane (Ba3-3, #22) Jacob, do not
suspect the wolves, whatever harm came to Joseph
was at the hands of his brothers; -ciy£ fk-§yl
zede (XF) weak spot, sensitive spot, Achilles’ heel
[lit. 's.o.’s place of sickness']; -zeda mezin (XF)
weak spot. [Ba3/K/B/XF]
ze’f adj. 1) much, many: •ze’f cara (B) many
times; -ze’ftir = more {syn: betir; p’irtir; zedetir);
2) plenty, abundant, many; 3) [adv.] very: •Jine ji
zanibu, weki tJsibi ze’f aqile (Ba) The
woman also knew that Joseph was [lit. 'is'] very
smart *Qizik ze'f belengaz dibe (J) The girl
becomes very unhappy, {also: zaf (Ba2/OK-2); za’f
(IS); zahf (A); zehf (K/IFb/JBl-S/TF/OK); zeKf (GF);
[zahf /zaf olj (JJ); <zefif> ui> j (HH)) {syn:
gelek; p’ir II; qewi; zor II (Bw)) Cf. Za zahf (Todd)
[Bx/]D3/l3//K/IFb/JBl-S/TF/OK//A//]J/HH/GF//Ba2//ISi
zeft J : -zeft kirin (IFb/GF): a) to occupy, seize
control of, confiscate; to overpower, overcome:
• Te ez ku§tim, tue ve gole zept biki (L) If
you kill me, you will take control of this desert (or.
mountain , according to L) ; b) to control, restrain
(lit. & fig.) ; c) to catch, arrest, detain; d) to enclose,
envelop, surround: •Alave k’ogk-sera zevt
kiribu (Z-l) Flames had enveloped the palace;
-zeft bhn (IFb) to be seized, {also: zept kirin (L);
zevt kirin (Z-l/B); zewt/zewt kirin (SK); [zabt kirin]
(JJ)) < Ar dabt ~> P zabt iw>-> T
zapt [Z-1/B//F/K/A/IFb/JB 1-S//L//JJ//SK]
zehf Uutoj (K/IFb/JBl-S/TF/OK) = much; very. See
ze’f.
zehn q jtoj = saddle. See zin I.
zehr (Bw/TF) = imitating. See zar I[4].
zehf (JJ/HH/GF) = much; very. See ze’f.
zeif UuSoj (B) = weak; thin. See zeyf.
zeifi L5 aJoJ f. ( ;-y§). 1) thinness; 2) {syn: qelsi [1];
sisti [1]) weakness, {also: [zayfi] (JJ)) [B//JJ]
<zeyf>
zelal J'Vaj adj. pure, clear, limpid, transparent; pure
of water and horses (JJ): «ava zelal (AB) clear
water, {also: [zoulal] (JJ); <zelal> (HH))
{syn: beraq; ^§elo) {zelali (K/IF/B))
[AB/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF/Msr//JJ] <peti>
zelali f (;-ye). purity, clarity, limpidity.
[K/IFb/B/GF/TF] <zelal>
zelam ^j (K)/zelam (JBl-A) = (young) man. See
zilam.
684
zelf uiJoj (B) = saucer. See zerf [2].
zeliqandin jjjlaJoj vt. (-zeliqin-). 1) (syn :
pevekirin; pevenan) [bi ...-ve] to adhere, stick,
giue, paste [to] (vt) : •[Mefimed beg deri ji
ni§k§va vedike, lakin xwe bi derive
dizeliqine fi dide pi§ta deri] (JR) Mehmed beg
opens the door suddenly, but he clings to the door,
and remains [lit. 'gives (himself)'] behind it; 2) to
solder (K). [also: [zeliqandin] (JJ);
<zeliqandin (dizeliqine) (HH)]
Cf. Ar laziqa = 'to adhere, cling, stick to'
[JR/Ba2 /F/K/IFb/JJ/HH/GF]
zelu oj = leech. See zuii.
zeltll adj. 1) [syn: melul) sad, despondent, grief-
stricken; gloomy; 2) poor, in need, needy (K).
[also: <zelul> J^Jj (HH)) (zeluli (K/IF/B/GF))
[K/A/IFb/B/HH/GF] <p J o§man>
zelftli f. ( ;-y£). 1) [syn: meluli; xemgini)
■ ■
sadness, sorrow, grief; gloom: •Bave wana
divine weki kure wi we ten, le Osiv nava
wanda t’une, ew neziki wana dive h bi
zeluli dipirse, diveje: "Kuro, Osive min
k’ane?” (Ba3-3, #20) Their father sees that his
sons are coming, but Joseph is not among them; he
approaches them and sadly asks, "Boys, where is
my Joseph?”; 2) poverty, need (K). IBa3/K/ll«Vf3/GF]
<zelul>
zelzele f (). earthquake, [also: zilzile (K);
[zelzele] <JjJj (JJ)) \syn: belelerz (F/K); bibelerz;
'erdhejin; 'erdlerzin) [IF/JJ//K]
zembelik JJ^oj (TF) = icicle. See §embelilk.
zembelilk JdJ (GF) = icicle. See §embelilk.
zembil f. (-a;-e). wicker basket for carrying
sweepings or crushed gypsum (JJ): *Min zembila
giran dani (K2-Ferik) I put down the heavy
basket. ) also: [zambil] J~j j (JJ)} {syn: 'edil; sebet)
Arc zabila - 'basket of palm leaves' (M.
Jastrow) & Syr zabila ^sj/zanbila Jy =
'basket' (Costaz): Ar/P zanbll 0 Lj j = ’basket made
of palm leaves'; T zembil; W Arm zampil
q_iUiTpl*q/E Arm zambyul qiUiTpjniq ; Sor zemil
Za zembil (Mai) [K/A/lFb/B/GF/TF//JBi-S/lJ]
<mekev>
zembilfiro§ m. Q. 1) basket seller; 2) a
well-known Kurdish folk poem, [also: zembilfro§
(B-2)) For a study of this folk poem see: Zh.S.
Musaelian. Zambil’ffosh : Kurdskaia poema i ee
fol’klornye versii [3ajM6nAL$poiii : Ky pack an noaMa
h ee §oabk AopHHe BepcHH [= Zambilfrosh (=Basket
seller) : a Kurdish poem and its folkloric versions]
(Moscow: Nauka, 1983), 178 p. [K/A/IFb/B]
zembilfro§ (B) = basket seller. See
zembilfiro§.
zembur (K) = Psalm(s). See zebur.
zencefil f. (-a; ). ginger, bot. Zingiber
officinale, [also: [zendjefil/zengibil (G.)] (JJ))
Cf. Ar/P zanjabil & T zencefil & P sangalil
J-JSL; (Mid P sangavlr) < Indian vernacular form
*s(s)angavlra, corresponding to Pali singivera, Skt
srngavera [= 'of a serpent dragon': srnga- = 'horn' +
vera] (Laufer, p. 583); Sor zencefil
[Hk/IFb/JJ/GF/TF/OK/CB]
zencir (JB3) = chain. See zincir.
zend jjoj f./m. (-a/ ;-§/). 1) (syn; bask [3]; megek)
wrist: -zenda desti (SK) do.: • ...Lixaweki asin
du gez direj, gezek pan, bi qeder zenda
desti stilr bide gekirin (SK 33:297) Go and get
an iron bridle made, two yards long, a yard wide,
and as thick as a man's wrist; 2) forearm [m.(SK)]
(SK/Ak); 3) (syn; hugik) [also: zendik) sleeve (K):
• Zende xwe bi§idine! (K) Take heart! courage!;
4) [f.] [syn: movik fl]} joint (SK). [also: [zand] jJJ
(JJ); <zend> jo j (HH)) Cf. Ar/P zand/zind jj j = 'ulna
(anat.); forearm' [K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF/TF/OK]
zendek JojJoj (IFb/HH) = sleeve; cuff. See zendik,
zendik JjJoj f./m.(OK) (-a/;-e/). 1) (syn; hugik; mil
[3]) sleeve; 2) cuff (B). [also: zend I; zendek (IFb);
zendik (L); <zendek> Jjj j (HH))
[L//K/A/JB3/B/TF/OK//IFb/HH]
zendik JLyjoj (L) = sleeve; cuff. See zendik.
zeng £>oj f. ( ;-e). 1) rust: -zeng girtin
(K/IFb/B)/zingare le av@tin (JB3) to rust; 2)
mold, mildew, [also: jeng (Haz/IFb/K[s]); zengar
(MK2); zingar (JB3); [jenk] Jbj (JJ); <zeng> Jjj
(HH)) Cf. P zang j; Sor jeng Jjoj/jeng JjSJ; Za
zincar in. (Todd) |l'7K/A/B/HH/Ba2//Haz/IFb/K(s)//
J]//MK2//]B3] See also jeng.
zengal JliJoj f. ( ;-§). 1) knee-length woolen
stockings (S&E); 2) gaiters, leggings, leg covering
reaching up to ankle, mid-calf, or knee (K). Cf. P
zangal Jld j/zangar JS j j ~ 'leggings' [S&E/K/B]
zengar jlSoj (MK2) = rust; mildew. See jeng & zeng.
zengari adj. 1) rusty; 2) rust colored, [also:
jengar (IFb); jengart (Haz); jengdar (IFb-2/K-2);
685
z
jengi (SK); jingar (IFb-2); zenggirti (K/B); zengirti
(K-2); zingari (JBl-A); [jenk ghirtiie] <gj J* (JJ)}
Cf. P zangarl j = ’rust-colored'; Sor jengar
jldoj/jengdar = ’rusty’ & jengawx ^idoj =
'rust-colored' [A//K//IFb//Haz//SK//JBl-A] See also
jengari.
zengelok (Bx/A) = Adam’s apple; trachea.
See zengelfik.
zengelor ^J^oj (IFb/TF) = Adam’s apple; trachea.
See zengeluk.
zengelork (Bx/IFb) = Adam’s apple; trachea.
See zengeltik.
zengeluk f. ( ;-e). 1) Adam’s apple
(Bx/F/K/IFb/B); 2) windpipe, trachea (IFb/B/TF);
3} {syn; sorxgk) gullet, esophagus (A/JJ/GF). [also:
zengelok (Bx/A); zengelor (IFb/TF); zengelork
(Bx-2/IFb-2); zengilok (GF); zengulek (B);
[zenghelouk] JjidyQj)}
[Bx/A//F/K/JJ//IFb/TF//GF//B]
zenggirti (K/B) = rusty. See jengari &
zengari.
zengil Jdoj m./f.(Zeb) (-§/ ; zengil/-e). (little)
bell: -zengil xistin (B) to ring the bell, {also:
zengul (IFb-2); zingil (SW-#18); [zenghil] Jdj (JJ);
<zingil> Jdj (HH)) Cf. P zang Jj j —’bell' & zangule
j = 'little bell (dim.)'; Sor zeng Jjoj = 'bell' &
Y
zengule J^Joj = 'tinkle-bell'; Hau zeng m. (M4)
[K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/SK/OK/Zeb//HH//Sw-#18]
zengilok JyJJjoj (GF) = Adam’s apple; trachea. See
zengelfik.
zengirti (K) - rusty. See jengari & zengari.
zengi (F) = stirrup. See zengil.
zengoydoj (A/HH) = stirrup. See zengil.
zengu ^doj (IFb) = stirrup. See zengu.
zengul J^doj (IFb) = bell. See zengil.
zeng*ft ^doj f. (•iya;*iy§/Hy§). 1) { syn: rik’eb [1]}
stirrup, having a rectangular base with sharp
corners used as spurs (according to w&E): •Eva
gend roje zengiya ser zengiya min
duxurini (Z-l) For several days now you have
been jabbing the stirrups into my stirrup-bone;
-tiesp avitin/dayin ber zengHya (B)/Eesp
zengil kirin (B) to spur a horse on; 2) stirrup-
bone, stapes, [also: zengi (F); zengo (A); zengu
(IFb); zengwa (L); [zengouj^dj (JJ); <zengo>^dj
(HH)} < T iizengi = 'stirrup': Sor awzengi
Za zengu m. (Todd). See: Rona-Tas Andras. “Did
the proto-Altaic people know the stirrup?” Studia
Mongolica , 13 (1973), 169-171; “The
periodization and sources of Chuvash linguistic
theory” in: Chuvash Studies, Bibliotheca Orientalis
Hungarica, 28, Asiatische Forschungen, 79
(Budapest & Wiesbaden, 1982), pp. 120-22; “The
periodization of Turkic linguistic history,” in: An
Introduction to Turkology (Szeged, 1991), pp. 21-
30, esp. 26-27; $. Tekin “Some Thoughts on the
Etymology of the Turkish Uzengi ’stirrup’,” Journal
of Turkish Studies, 9 (1985), 237-241.
[Z-l/K/B/JJ//F//IFb// A/HH//L]
zengulek (B) = Adam’s apple; trachea. See
zengeltik.
zengwa l^doj (L) = stirrup. See zengil.
zept kirin qJ 'oooj (L) = to occupy, seize; to control.
See zeft: -zeft kirin.
zer I joj adj. l) {syn: qig’ik} yellow; 2) pale
(complexion) ; blond(e); 3) (syn: sivik; vebuyi)
light (of tea) (Bw). [also: [zer] jj (JJ); <zer> jj (HH)}
[Pok. 1. ghel-/ghela-: ghle-/gh!o-/ghla- 429.] 'to
shine; with derivatives referring to colors, to bright
materials, probably "yellow metal," and to the bile
or gall': Skt hari- = 'yellow, blonde'; Av zari- &
zairita- = 'yellow(ish)'; Mid P zard = 'yellow' (M3); P
zard jjj; Sor zerd jjoj; Za zerd (Todd); Hau zerd
(M4) (zerahi; zerani; zerawi; zerayi; zeri III; <zeri
/zerahi Cs aI j j> (HH)} [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/
SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/Bw]
zer II joj/zef jo j [B] f. ( ;-e). precipice, abyss,
chasm, gulf; ravine, gorge, canyon: *Box struye
xwe kire p’esira wi, girt, zer£da avit (EP-4)
The roebuck [lit. 'bull'] stuck his horns into
[Siyabend’s] collar, picked him up, and threw him
into the ravine, [syn: dergeli; derteng; geboz; geli II;
zang) Cf. Sor zerd jjoj = 'steep rugged cliffs, gaunt
mountain' [EP-4/K/B/GF]
zerahi ^ J0 j (K/HH) = yellowness; pallor. See zeri
••
III.
zerani (K) = yellowness; pallor. See zeri III.
99
zerar J J0 j (F/IFb/OK) = damage. See zirar.
zerawi ^joj (A) = yellowness; pallor. See zeri III.
zerayi joj (A/IFb) = yellowness; pallor. See zeri III.
zerazeng Jjojljoj f. (). crown; crown made of
flowers or thorns, [also: zerzeng (IFb/GF/FJ)}
[Qzl//IFb/GF/FJ] <t’ac>
zerb V joj (K/B/JJ) = strike, hit; salvo. See derb.
686
z
zerdel # e <Jojjoj ( ;*e) (K/A/B/HH/Kmc-2) = apricot.
See zerdeli.
zerdeli ^ojjoj /. (-ya;-yS). apricot, bot. Prunus
••
armeniaca. j also: zerdel*e (;*e) (K/A/B/Kmc-2);
zerdelo (OK-2/AA); zerdelu (IFb-2/JB3/B-2/GF-2);
[zerdele «Jjjj /zerdalou^Jbjj] (JJ); <zerdele> Jjjj
(HH)} {syn: *herug [2]; mi§mi§; qeysi} Cf. P zard alu
jJ) jjJ = ’apricot', orig. ’yellow plum'; Sor zerdalu
Jijjoj [Ag//K/A/B/Kmc-2//IFb/JJ/HH/
GF/OK//JB3//AA] <aluge>
zerdelo jJoOjcj (OK/AA) = apricot. See zerdeli.
zerdelu J 3 J 6jjoj (IFb/JB3/B/GF) = apricot. See zerdeli.
zerek (GF/HH) = hepatitis. See zerik III.
zerer j 0J oj (JB3/SK/OK) = damage. See zirar.
zerf ojaj f. /zerf m. { ;-e/). 1) envelope; 2)
saucer, small plate; 3) [syn: hoker (neol.); *nir I[2];
rengpi^e (neol.)} adverb (F/IFb). [also: zelf (B);
[zarf] o(JJ)} <Ar zarf - 'container; envelope;
adverb'; T zarf; Sor zerf J jc j = 'container, dish,
tray, bag, envelope' [F/K/IFb/B/JJ/JBl-A/GF]
zerg f/m.(FT) ( ;-§/). spearhead, pointed tip of
an arrow or lance: *Hesave zergeki lexin sere
dil@ qiz§ye/ (FT) It was as if a spearhead pierced
the tip of the girl’s heart, j also: zerge (GF);
[zerk/zerg] Jjj (JJ)} <Ar Vz-r-q jjj = 'to shoot with a
javelin' & mizraq j>» = 'javelin'; cf. also Heb
zarak p3T = ’to throw'; Sor zerg Ajcj - 'skewer
having round head with small chains attached and
thrust through the cheeks by dervishes as religious
exercise' [FT/K/A/IF/B/JJ//GF] <ni§tir; rim; tir I>
zerge ^ 0 j (GF) = spearhead. See zerg.
zerik I J jo j f. (). 1) tureen, large bowl; 2) [syn:
mencelok) milk pail (Bw). [Bw/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
zer«ik II f. (•ka;«[i]ke). egg yolk: -zerka
b£k£ (Bw/OK) do. [also: [zerik] Jjj (JJ); <zerik>
Jjj (HH)} Cf. P zarde ojjj /zard! Sor zerdene
<u3 j joj [Bw/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//OK] <hek;
spilik I>
zerik III £ (-a;-§). hepatitis, jaundice, j also:
zerek (GF-2); zerki (OK); [zerik] J Ijj (JJ); <zerek>
*4jj (HH)} [syn: qig’ikayi} Sor zerduy! j
[Ak/K/IFb/JJ/GF/TF//OK//HH]
zerf I f. ( ;-y§). 1) beautiful girl; 'miss’; 2)
•ft
blonde girl, [also: [zeri] (JJ)}
[HM/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/GF] <gewr [2]; jin; keg’; qiz>
zeri II ££joj, m. (S&E/K) = armor. See zirx.
zeri III f ( ;-ye). 1) [syn: qig’ikayi} yellowness;
w
2) blondness, pallor, [also: zerahi (K); zerani (K);
zerawi (A); zerayi (A/IFb-2); <zeri /zerahi
^bj> (HH)} [K/IFb/HH//A} <zer I>
zerki j (OK) = hepatitis. See zerik III.
zerp VJ oj (FK-eb-2) = strike, hit; salvo. See derb.
zerzeng Jjojjoj (IFb/GF/FJ) = crown. See zerazeng.
zerziri ^Jjoj (-ya; ) (Zx) = starling. See zerzfir.
zerztir f. (). starling, zool. Sturnus vulgaris (a
small black bird), [also: zerziri (-ya; ) (Zx);
<zerzur> (HH)} [syn: alik; garanik; fe§elek} cf.
Ar zurzur j^jjj /zurzur jjjj [Zx//A/IFb/HH/GF/TF]
ze’va U&oj (J/B) = groom; son-in-law. See zava.
ze’vati ^Uboj (B) = state of being a groom. See
«•
zavati.
zeve§ jtAioj (K/B) = watermelon. See zebe§.
zevi ^Joj f. (-ya;-ye). field, sown field: •(/& ser§
zevi§ (J) He went to the field «Zevi tiji genim e
(AB) The field is full of wheat, [also: zewi (SK);
[zevi] LSr b> (JJ); <zevi> Jij (HH)} [Pok. ghdem-
/ghdom-, gen./abl. gh(d)-es 414.] 'earth, ground':
Skt jman = '[on the] earth'; Av z& ( acc . z^m; loc.
zame; gen. zamo) = 'earth, ground'; Mid P zamlg =
'earth' (M3); P zamln j = 'land, earth’; Sor zewi ■
^oj = 'ground, field’; Za zime m. = 'field’ (Mai);
••
Hau zemin m. = 'earth' (M4); cf. also Lat humus =
'earth, soil, ground'; Gr khthon Rus zemlia
30MAH = 'earth, ground, land’
[J/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF//JJ//SK] cbeyar;
box; k’ew§an; k’irebe>
zevlek Johoj (IFb/GF) = muscle. See zeblek.
zevt kirin oi'oj (Z-l/B) = to occupy, seize; to
control. See zeft: -zeft kirin.
zewac f- (-a;-e). marriage: • Id! we’de wi
zewace bft (Z-l) Now it was time for him to
marry, [also: ziwac (Sw); [zevadj] (JJ)) < Ar
zawaj For a description of Kurdish marriage
practices see: B. Nikitine. Les Kurdes : etude
sociologique et historique (Paris: Imprimerie
Nationale : Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1956), p. 108
ff. (Azerbaijan); M. Mokri. “Le Mariage chez les
Kurdes,” in: Recherches de Kurdologie :
Contribution scientifique aux etudes iraniennes
(Paris: Librairie Klincksieck, 1970), pp. 33-61
(Iranian Kurdistan). [Z-l/K/IFb/B/JJ//Sw] cbukl;
de’wat; mehir; zava; zewicin>
687
z
zewicandin vt. (-zewicin-). to marry s.o.
off: »Ez dixwazim ez we bizewicinim (L) I
want to marry you (pi.) off; -kur£ xwe
zewicandin (IF) to marry one’s son off: *Ewe
kur§ xwe zewicand (B) she married off her son.
{aiso: [zevidjandin] /v (JJ)) < Ar zawwaja II
M
p-jj = 'to marry s.o. off; Za zewjnena [zewjnayi§]
(Srk) [L/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/JB 1-S] <zewac; zewicin>
zewicin vi. (-zewic-). to marry (vi.) , get
married, be wed: *Ez nazewcim (J) I won't
marj y; -di dema xwe de zewicin (IF) to get
mar bed at the right time, {also: [zevidjin] (JJ))
(syn: jin anin/standin (said of man) ; mer kirin (said
w
of woman) } < Ar zawwaja II = 'to marry s.o.
off; Za zewjena [zewjyayi§] (Srk)
[J/F/K/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ/JB 1 -S ]
zewi (SK) = field. See zevi.
«#
zewt ojoj /zewt kirin qJ' (SK) = to occupy, seize;
to control. See zeft: -zeft kirin.
zexim (JB3) = strong, sturdy. See zexm.
zexir»e /. (•a; # e). 1) supply, store, reserve;
2) stores, provisions, stock of foodstuffs (for a trip,
the winter, etc., also mil.); 3) arsenal; 4) treasure.
{also: zexire (K); [zakhire/zakira (JJ-G)] o.^o-j (JJ);
<zexire> j (HH)) <Ar daxlrah ='treasure;
stores, supplies; provisions, food; ammunition'
[FK-kk-l/F/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH//K]
zexm adj. 1) (syn: zix I) strong, powerful,
vigorous, firm, sturdy: •Cawe male pir zexm
e (AB) Homemade cloth is very strong; 2) [f.] { syn:
hel I; hez; qedum [2]; qewat; zor I) strength, force,
power, (aiso: zexim (JB3); zexm; [zekhm] ^b (JJ);
<zexm> (HH)) < Ar daxm ^b = 'huge'
(zexmayi; zexm!) (AB/K/IFb/B/HH/JBl-A/GF//JB3|
zexmayi ^ Lsoj (B) = strength. See zexmi.
zexmi j f. ( ;-ye). strength, sturdiness, firmness.
[also: zexmayi (B)} [B//K/IFb/GF] <zexm>
zext oo-oj (K[s]/A/IFb/HH/GF/FJ) = nail tip on oxgoad.
See zixt.
zexire o(K) = stores, supplies. See zexire.
zexm j = strong, sturdy. See zexm.
zeyde oJooj (JB3/IFb) = more; too much. See zede.
zeydetir yroJooj (JB3) = more. See zede: -zedetir.
zeyf Uuo j adj. 1) {syn: jar I; lawaz; lexer; narin; qels I;
zirav I) lean, thin, slim, skinny: -zeyf bun = to
grow thin, lose weight; 2) (syn: lawaz [2]; qels I[l];
sist [l]} weak, {also: zeif (B); [zaif] (JJ)) < Ar
da‘if Ut+M --> T zayif (zeifi; [zayfi] ^ (JJ))
[K//B//JJ]
zey # i ^joj f. (; • e) . 1) married daughter or sister:
««
name given to all female relatives who have
married and no longer live in their parents' home
(Haz); If a married woman goes back to her father's
house, she is referred to in this way (IFb/K/B):
•Bilk derk’etin ji male xezfirane,/ bere
xwe dane mali bavane,/ ji xora gtine
zeyane (Z-2) The brides left the houses of their
fathers-in-law,/ headed for their father's houses,/
went to visit as married women «Ka zeyiyen
me nehatine dawate? (IFb) You mean to say
that none of our married daughters came to the
wedding?; 2) (syn: di§ (Haz)) sister-in-law, sister
of one’s husband (from point of view of a married
woman) (IFb/Srk/Mzg) (T goriimce); 3) (syn: bars
(IF/Mzg)) bee which leaves its hive and goes to
"visit" another hive (Haz). {also: zeyi (B/Haz/Mzg))
(zeyti (K); zeti (Haz)) [K/IFb/Srk//Haz/Mzg/B]
<buk I; di§>
zeyistan (A) = woman in childbed. See
zestan.
zeyTstani (Frq) = childbed, confinement.
• •
See zestani.
zeystan j = winter. See zivistan.
zeyt oooj f./m.(Zeb) ( ; M). olive oil. {also:
<zeyt> ooj (HH)) (syn: rune zeytune (B)) < Ar
zayt <^>j; T zeyt [Gaziantep] = 'olive oil' (DS,
v. 11, p. 4362) [IFb/HH/GF/TF/OK/Zeb]
<zeyFun>
zeyti ^.oj f. (). custom according to which a
married daughter (zeyi, qv.) comes to visit her
father’s household two weeks after her wedding
(Haz); visit of a married woman to her relatives
(K). {also: zeti (Haz); *zeyin (Srk: Za?); zihi (GF-2);
zi II (GF)) [K//Haz//Srk] <zeyi>
zeyt’Hn q^oJ f. ( ;-§). olive(s): -dara zeyttin§ (K)
olive tree; -rune zeytftne (B)/~ zSitfine (F) olive
oil (syn: zeyt). {also: zeitun (F); zetun (JB3/OK-2);
[zeit «^oj/zeitoun (JJ); <zeytun> (HH))
< Ar zaytun > T zeytin; Cf. Arm cet‘ itp =
'olive oil' & cit‘abdul ^bpuiupmiLq = 'olive'; Sor
zeytun [K/B//A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/AA/
Kmc-2//F//JB3]
zee poj (K) = wife; children. See zeg.
688
z§g gjj f. (). 1) {syn: jin) wife: -zar u zeg (Ber)/zav-
z§g (Mzg/Srk)/zav ft z§g (IFb) women and
children, family {syn: zaro-maro (Haz)} {cf. T goluk
gocuk); 2) (syn: Zaro) children, {also: zee (K))
[Ber/IFb/GF//K]
z§de oJoj adj./adv. 1) more; excessive, too much
(B/JBl-A): »ne kem, ne zede (B) neither more
nor less »Pa§a kasikeki [sic] gini bo aw-
xarinewa xo hebfi, gelek gak bfi. ... Hemi
xulamet xo gazi kirin, ... Got e xulaman,
"Hez dikem yek ji hingo we kasik§
bi§kinit." Hemlyan gotin [sic], "(Estexfiru-
llah,} ji me zede ye em kasika pa§a
bi§kinin" (SK 22:198) The Pasha had a very fine
china cup from which to drink water. ... He
summoned all his henchmen. ... He said to the
henchmen, "I want one of you to break this cup."
They all said, "God forbid! It is beyond us [=too
much for us] to break the Pasha’s cup"; -bi ser
ft-t ve zede kirin (Bx)/1§ zede kirin = to add
to; -z&de kirin = to increase, augment, magnify;
2) very (much); 3) much: -zedetir = more {also:
zeydetir (JB3)). {also: zeyde (JB3/IFb-2); zede
(JBl-S); [zide] oajJ (IJ); <zede> oajJ (HH)} Cf. Ar
ziyadah sjLj; Sor ziyad jLj {zedeyi (IFb/B) -
excess] |Z-l/K/IFb/B/HH/SK/JBl-A/GF//JB3//JBl-S//IJI
zSdegavi f. (-ya;-y@). overstepping
boundaries, crossing over the line (of moral, decent
behavior), excess; violation, abuse:
•Serekwezire Tirkiy§ ye parezyar ye
nu Mesut Yilmaz soz daye ku ji bo
bersinggirtina wan zSdegaviyan p£ngaven
xurt bihav£jit (VOA[Hk]) Turkey’s new
conservative prime minister, Mesut Yilmaz, has
promised to take concrete measures to curb abuses.
[VoA] <destdireji>
zede*yi /. ( ; # ye). excess. [1F/B] <zede>
zede (JBl-S) = more; too much. See z£de.
■ €
zeitun Q&iJoj (F) = olive. See zeyt’Hn II.
zemar jL3j f. ( ;-e). mourning (Bw); sorrow, pain
(OK); -z£mar kirin (Bw) to mourn {also: [zemar
kem] (JJ-G) = 'Je chante un cantique funebre’) (syn:
§in I) <Arc 1D1 & Syr Vz-m-r = ’to sing (in
praise of God), chant, play (musical instrument)’
[Bw/OK//JJ-G] <lubandin>
z£n I qSj f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: bir I) memory; mind;
2) {syn: meze} glance, look: -z§n dan (MK/K) to
look at {syn: meze kirin; nerin). < Ar dihn =
‘mind’; Sor zeyn = 'intelligence 1 [MK/K/B/IFb]
zen II Jjj (L) = saddle. See zin I.
zendi ^ajJj adj. alive; lively: •Hezen kolonyalist
%«
dixwazin gele me z§ndi bikin gor§ (Ber)
The colonialist forces want to bury our people
alive, [also: zindi I (IFb/GF/TF); zindu (K[s]);
[zende] oajj (JJ); <zindi> (HH)) {syn: jindar)
Cf. P zende oajj; Sor zindu/zinde oajaj; Hau
zinne (M4) [Ber/K/A//IFb/HH/GF/TF//K(s)//JJ]
<jin; sax>
zer m. (-§; ). 1) gold: »Kursik li cem hakim
heye, ziv e u yek zer e (L) There is a chair at
the prince’s [court], it is silver, and there is a gold
one; -gustilka zer (B) golden ring; 2) [pL] gold
pieces, gold coins: # Dibine k’a§a zera ji ya
Osib girantire (Ba) He sees that the weight of
the gold is more [lit. ’heavier’] than [that of] Joseph
• Ew zera hildide xwera (Ba) He takes the gold
[pieces] for himself *Ew zer£ gerdena xwe ft
guhare xwe ji datine ser t’ae mezine (Ba)
She puts the gold coins from her necklace and
earrings onto the pan of the scales •K’ulme
xweli baveje t’ae zera (Ba) Throw a handful
of dirt onto the scale with the gold •Qimete
wi tuye beranberi k’a§a wi z£ra bav£ji
mezin£ (Ba) [To reckon] his worth, you will put
gold coins on the scale according to his weight
• Sed z£r£ zer bidin kure pir£ (L) Give the old
woman’s boy one hundred gold pieces •Zelixe
k'ulme xali daveje t’ae zera (Ba) Zelikha
throws a handful of dirt onto the scale
with the gold, {also: [zer/zir] jj (JJ); <zer> ^_>j (HH)}
[Pok. 1. ghel-/ghela-: ghle-/ghlo-/ghl9- 429.] 'to
shine; with derivatives referring to colors, to bright
materials, probably "yellow metal," and to the bile
or gall’: Skt hlranya-; Av zaranya-; OP daraniya-
<Proto IE *ghl-enio- (Kent §32, §66.11, §88); Mid P
zarr = 'gold' (M3); P zarr jj; Sor zer J>j\ Za zer
(Todd)/zer (Mai) m. ; Hau zer m. = ’money’ (M4)
[F/K/(A)/JB3/IFb/B/HH/SK/JBl-A&S/GF/TF/
SC//JJ] <zer I; zerin; ziv>
zerandin ^aj) JjJ /zerandin ^aj) [Ba3] vt.
(-z£rin-/-z£rin- [Ba3]). to bother, torment, up¬
set, oppress: •Kuro,Osiv§ min binin, / rufi§
min nezerinin, / g’ave min venesinin (Ba3-3,
689
z
#20) Boys, bring [me] my Joseph,/ don’t torment
my soul,/ don’t extinguish my eyes. [Ba3/K/IFb/B]
zSrevan j m.&f.[). observer, {also: [araw] oljT
(JJ); <zirevan> (jlSVs^j (Hej)) ( syn: * didevan;
nerevan) [Zeb/OK//Hej]
z@revani J>j £ (-ya;-ye). observation,
surveillance: »Heke jinikeke biguk nebin ...
d§ z§revaniy§ li jinikeka zayi ket, da ku
heval bigftkS we bidizit (JH, 17) If a woman
has no children [=cannot get pregnant] ... she will
keep watch over [or, spy on] a woman in childbed,
in order to steal her placenta «lran nabit
zordariye u zerevaniya paporen erebi li
w6 dever£ biket (Metin 62[1997]:27) Iran may
not bother or spy on the Arab steamboats in that
region, {syn: g’avderi; *didevanz; nerevani) =Sor
gawderi (s U. = 'supervision, attention'
[JH/Metin/Zeb/RF]
zefgef (B/JJ/GF) = goldsmith. See zerker.
zerhel Jaa (FK-eb-2) = raised platform. See herzal.
z§rin /z§rin [F/A/IFb/JBl-S/GF/TF] adj.
golden: •saeta zerin (IFb) golden watch, {also:
HI
[zarin] (JJ)) Cf. P zarrln Sor zeri ^oj/
zerin [K/B/SC//F/A/IFb/JBl-S/GF/TF] <zer>
zeringer (JBl-A/GF) = goldsmith. See zerker.
zerkar jlT^j (F) = goldsmith. See zerker.
zdrker m. (). 1) goldsmith (JBl-A) [zeringer];
2) gold merchant (JBl-A) [zerk’ir]. {also: zerger
(B/GF); zeringer (JBl-A/GF-2); zerkar (F); zefkir
(SC); zefk’if (JBl-A-2); [zerghiar jlS^j /zergher
/zeringher JL jjj ] (JJ)) OP daraniyakara- (Kent); P
zargar ; Sor zefenger jo&ojoj (W&E)/zefger
j*Oj (K2) [K/IFb//B/JJ/GF//JBl-A//F//SC] <zef;
zivker>
zefkir J'Jjj (SC)/zefk’if (JBl-A) = goldsmith. See
zerker.
zeru (GF) = leech. See zuri.
zefzemi = basement. See zefzemin.
z&rzemin f ( basement, cellar;
dungeon: # Mir§ min, ’emir bike, bira
padvala ti zSrzemina t’emam valakin ti.
bidne t’emizkirin§ (Ba3-3, #34) My emir, give
the order that all the cellars and dungeons should
be emptied out and [then] have them cleaned.
{also: zerzemi (Ba3-3-2); [zir-zemin] (JJ))
{syn: padval) <P zlrzamln [Ba3//JJ]
<zindan>
zestan f. Q. woman after childbirth, in
childbed (for 40 days), {also: zeyistan (A); zihistan
(Hk)} {zeyistani; zestani; zihistani; zistani)
[GF//A//Hk]
zestani ^ L~uj f. (). 40 days of childbed,
confinement, accouchement, parturition, [also:
zeyistani (Frq); zihistani (Hk); zistani (Frq-2))
[Qzl/FJ//Frq//Hk] <zayin; zestan>
zeti fj&j (Haz) = visit by a married daughter to her
• •
father's house. See zeyti.
zetun (JB3/OK) - olive. See zeyt’tin II.
zew f. ( ;-e). festival, picnic held once a year at a
shrine (sheikh's tomb), {also: zewek (GF-2); zewi
(A); cf. also [zive] (JJ) = 'hospice for the poor'
(<Ar dayf = 'guest')) [Mdt/GF//A//JJ?]
zewek ^Jq$jj (GF) = festival. See zew.
zewi (A) = festival. See zfiw.
vv
zeyi (B/Haz/Mzg) = married daughter or sister.
• •
See zeyi.
*zeyin (Srk: Za?) = visit by a married daughter
to her father's house. See zeyti.
zibara Ijbj (A) = communal work situation. See
zibare.
zibar*e 0j Lj f. (*a;*e). l)social institution whereby a
group of villagers pools their efforts to complete a
task for one member of the group, e.g., building a
house or harvesting the crop of each member of
the group in turn , similar to American [quilting]
bees [T imece]; “In Sisin, zebari exists in the form
of reciprocal and rotational types of communal
work for one household each time. For instance, a
household which has a labour shortage to finish
some chore may specify a day as its zebari and
sends a child to all the village households asking
them to take part in it. Each household thus is
obliged to send one member at least. ... The joint
work lasts as long as a normal work day and is
interrupted by several tea-breaks and at least one
big meal (with rice and meat) all of which are
provided by the zebarz-holding household. ... [A]
non-participating household would not expect
anyone from the zebarf-holding household to
attend its own zebari. The rule is strictly
reciprocal.” [from: Lale Yalgm-Heckmann. Tribe
and Kinship among the Kurds (Frankfurt a.M.:
Peter Lang, 1991), p. 171]; 2) corvee: “...various
kinds of corvee which the Agha feels entitled to
690
impose on each household; two or three days a
year ploughing his land, or reaping and threshing;
an occasional day cutting or collecting wood and
leaves for firewood or winter fodder, laying bricks
for a new house, clearing a canal, or going on an
errand to the market town-all, of course, with the
[peasants’] own tools or animals” [from: C. J.
Edmonds. Kurds, Turks and Arabs (London:
Oxford University Press, 1957), pp. 224-25]. {also:
zibara (A); zibareti (B); <zibare> ojLj (HH)) \syn:
palute) = Sor herewez
[Haz/K/IFb/HH/GF//A//B] <mitare>
zibareti (B) = communal work situation. See
»»
zibare.
zibil Jjj f. ( ;-e). 1) { syn: fix; sergin] dung, manure;
{sympeyin (JJ); ter§ [2]) horse manure (]]); 2)
garbage, refuse, rubbish (K). {also: zibil (B); zivil
(IFb-2); [zibil] Jjj (JJ); <zibil> Jjj (HH)) Cf. Ar zibl
Jjj; Sor zibil Jjj = rubbish' [AB/K/lFb/]J/HH/GF//B]
<bi§kul/pi§kul ; g’ert; guhur; k’erme; ke§kur;
peyin; qelax; fix; sergin; sergo; seklot; ter§ [2];
zirig>
zibil 0 Loj (B) = dung; garbage. See zibil.
ziha I Lbj (Z-l) = dry. See ziwa.
ziha II Uj (A) = dragon. See ziha.
zihar jl&j (IFb) = dragon. See ziha.
zihin jaj (L) = saddle. See zin I.
zihistan jU~Aj (Hk) = woman in childbed. Seezestan.
zihistani (Hk) = childbed, confinement. See
zgstani.
zihi j (GF) = visit by a married daughter to her
••
father's house. See zeyti.
zihya Laj = dry. See ziwa.
zik Jj m. (-e; ). 1) stomach, belly; abdomen:
•Bizina kftvi strfte xwe tftj li zike wi dixe
(J) The powerful (nanny) goat drives ber horns into
his belly *Zike t’er haj zike birgi t’une
(K) /zike t’er haj § birgi t’ineye (Dz-#1632) A
full stomach doesn't understand a hungry one
[prv.] *Zike xizanan tim birgi ye (AB) The
stomachs of the poor are always empty [lit. 'The
stomach of the poor is always hungry']; -zikeki
t 5 §r, duda birgi (XF) poor, half-starved, on an
empty stomach, in dire straits [lit. 'one full stomach
[for every] two hungry']: «He§t sal bi zikeki t§r
ft pazdeyi birgi min li hucreyen feqehan
xwend (Wit 2:66, p.2) For eight years I studied
theology [lit. 'in the cells of theology students’],
more dead than alive; 2) [prep.] inside, in: # zik§
Eew§@ (K) inside the courtyard; 3) [adv.] inside, in:
•Ez bernedam zik (Ad) I was not allowed in;
They wouldn't let me in. {also: sik (BK-2/HB-2);
[zik] Jj (JJ); <zik> Jj (HH)] Sor sik «iL/zig Jj =
'belly, womb' [F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/
HH/BK/SK/JBl-S/GF/TF]
zikak JiSj f. (). street: *li zikaka ft li ewcane
(L-v. 2, Sebri) in the streets and alleys, {also: soqaq
(F); [zouqaq] jUj (JJ); <zikak> JiSj (HH)) {syn:
kolan II; k’uge; zaboq) Cf. Ar zuqaq jbj = 'lane,
alley' —>T sokak = 'sidestreet' [L-v. 2,
Sebri/K/IFb/HH//F//JJ] <dirb; ewcan; re>
zikgftn j^Jj f. (). diarrhea, dysentery, {also: cf.
[zik cit (G)/zik cu (Lx)] (JJ); <zikgun> Jj (Hej)}
{syn: nav IV; nave§) Sor sikgun = sike§ore
[Bw/JJ/GF/OK/RZ/Hej]
zikmaki C JL .Sj adj. natural, native; innate, inborn,
instinctive, congenital: -ziman£ zikmaki
(Ber/Wlt/K[s]) mother tongue, native language:
♦Ew miroven ku zimane wan e zikmaki ji
wan te standin tu mane ft rftmeteki jiyan§
li ba wan namine (Wit) Life loses its meaning
[lit. 'no meaning or respect for life remains'] for
those people whose native language is taken away
from them • Zimane zikmaki ft mafen
miroven biyani di vi wari de (Ber 5/86,
p. 15) One’s mother tongue and the rights of
foreigners in this regard, [also: [zik-i maki
/zikimaki (JJ); <zikmaki> c /UTj (HH)) Cf.
Sor sikmak JLSL, = 'congenital, hereditary’ <zik =
'belly' + mak = 'mother' [WH/Ber/K/A/IFb/HH/GF//JJ]
zikre§ u adj. l) (lit.) blackbellied: *S§ bra ne:
hers§ bra zikre§ [dftstan] (L #13, p.232)
Three brothers, all three with black bellies
[rdl.: ans.: tripod]', 2) (fig.) spiteful, malicious,
malevolent, rancorous, resentful. ( also: <zikre§>
ji jfj (HH)) < zik - 'belly' + re§ = 'black'
[Hk/Zeb/K/A/IFb/HH/GF/TF]
zikre§i f. ( ;-y£). spite, malice, malevolence,
rancor. [K/A/IFb/GF/TF]
zil Jj f. ( ;-e). reed, bulrush. { also: <zil> Jj (HH))
{syn: leven; qam!§) [Qzl/A/IFb/B/HH/GF/TF]
zilam m. (-§; zil§m, vi zilami). man; fellow,
guy, chap, bloke; young fellow (B/JBl-A&S): *Ev
zilam@ ha yan miroveki zehf eHmeq e, yan
691
z
mirovek! zehf mezin e (Rnh 2:17, p.307) This
fellow is either a very stupid man, or a very great
man. {also: zelam (K); zelam (JBl-A); zulam} {syn:
kabra; meriv; mer; mirov; peya) Cf. Syrian Ar
zalameh £*Jj [pi. zlam ^j] = 'man, fellow'; Sor
zelam p^oj [zilami; zilamti) [L/A/IFb/B/JBl-S/GF/
TF//K//JB1-A]
zilami (IFb) = manhood. See zilamti.
zilamti f (). manhood, manliness,
masculinity; humanity, {also: zilami (IFb-2))
[A/IFb/TF]
zilketk f. (-a; ). wasp, zool. Vespida: «Pa§!
ku te xilef dirust kirin, here, hindek
zirketan bigire (SK 35:314) After you have
made the baskets, go and catch some wasps, {also:
zirkete (SK/RZ); zirketk (IFb/RZ-2); [zerkek (G-
sic)/zirkit (Rh)] (JJ)) (syn: moz I; *pizang)
[Bw//SK/RZ//IFb] <kurifok; me§; steng; §ehna
zilketka>
zilpik JJ j (Ak) = pimple. See zipik.
zimag JLj (Kmc) = shady side. See zimank.
ziman ^Lj m. (-e; zimen/zimin [B], vi zimani).
1) tongue: -p’e li zimane hev kirin (XF/EP-7)
to be so crowded, that there's no room for a pin to
fall; to be up to one's nose in ... [lit. 'to put [their]
feet on one another's tongues']: • §ikyatgi p’e
ziman§ hev dikin (Z-l) Were up to our necks
in plaintiffs [lit. 'Plaintiffs are stepping on each
other's tongues'] [people coming to the court to air
their complaints]; 2 ) language: «§dr§ vi zimani
qelem e (AB) The sword of this language is the
pen; -zimane zikmaki (Ber/Wlt/K[s]) mother
tongue, native language; -zimanen biyani =
foreign languages, {also: ezman II (Bw); ezman II
(SK); zman (JB3/IFb-2); [ziman] ^Lj (JJ); <ziman>
^Lj (HH)} Proto IE *zhizhu’a-: Skt jihva f.
<*ghighuH- (perhaps *ghuH- with reduplication)
cf. Vhva- = 'to call’; proto Ir *hizu-/7hiz(u)ua-
/./hiz(u)uan- ( acc . hizuanam) m.: O P hizanam
( acc.); Sgd (a)zpak; Mid P h(u)zwan (Pahlavi)/izwan
(Manichaean) & uzwan/zuwan (M3); P zaban jLj;
Sor ziman jLj; Za zuwan m. (Todd); Hau zuan m .
(M4); cf. also Lat lingua/dingua; Rus iazyk H3UK ;
Germ Zunge (no nasal in Indo-Iranian). See: E.
Benveniste. “Etudes sur le Vieux-Perse," Bulletin de
la Societe de Linguistique de Paris 47 (1951), 22-
23. [F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF/OK/BK/Msr//
Bw//SK//JB3] <reziman>
zimandir§j adj. 1) talkative, blabbermouth:
•Ya ferfiito, tu gi ferKiteki ziman direji (Z-
2, 68) Hey ifreet, what a big mouthed ifreet you
are!; 2) impudent, insolent, smart-aleck: «Xelk§
wi gundi qewi c ezman-direj u cablos u be-
§erm in (SK 12:114) The people of that village are
very impudent and cunning and shameless, {also:
‘ezman-direj (SK); zmandrej (IFb)) Cf. P
zaban'daraz j)jJjLj = 'abusive, insolent'; Sor
zimandirej jSjjjLj = 'abusive' [Z-2/K/A/B/
GF/TF//IFb//SK] <geveze; hur; p 5 arsustur>
zimandireji /. (-ya;-ye). 1) talkativeness;
•j
2) impudence, insolence: «Bele ceza§ b§-edebi
u c ezman-direjiya hingo ewe ye hingo
bi§el!nim, da gu car di wan terze b§-
edebiyane neken (SK 13:126) But the
punishment for your rudeness and insolence is that
I should strip [=rob] you, so that you aren't ever so
rude again, {also: ‘ezman-direji (SK); zmandreji
(IFb)) Cf. P zaban'darazi = 'abusiveness';
Sor zimandireji ^. J J L} Lj'[SK//K/A/B/GF/TF//IFb]
zimank cJiLj f. (). the northern side, shady side (ol'
mt.) . {also: zimag (Kmc-#7622)) [ syn : dubur; nizar
I) [S&E (Azer)//Kmc) <nizarl>
zimanzan m.&f. (). linguist: «L§ berl lijne
bihet Iraqe daxaz ji hindek zimanzan u
xemxur d zanayen Kurdan kir ku
r§zimaneke bo zaroken devera Kurdistane
berhevken (Metin 77[ 1998], 50) But before the
committee came to Iraq, it asked some Kurdish
linguists and intellectuals to put together a grammar
[book] for children of the region of Kurdistan.
{also: zmanzan (IFb)) Cf. P zaban’sinas
Sor zimanzan The forms zimannas and
zimanvan have also been proposed
[zimanzani[ni]) [(neol)Metin/K/B/GF/TF/RF//IFb]
zimanzan! f. ( ;-y§). linguistics, {also:
• •
zimanzanini (K)) Cf. P zaban'sinas!
[GF/TF/RF//K] <zimanzan>
zimanzanini (K) = linguistics. See
zimanzan!.
zinaker Ijj (GF/JJ) = adulterer. See zin&k’ar.
zinar I jljj mVf.(Zeb) (-e/-a; zin§r, v! zinar!/).
cliff, rock, crag; massive rock, boulder; jagged
rock (JB3): *Keg’ik Tadibe ser zin§r (J) The girl
692
gets up (=climbs) onto the cliff •Wexta meriv li
wan zinar§d teriki dinihSri, 'eceb dima
(Ba2:l, p.203) When one looked at those huge
crags, one was astounded, [also: nisar (IFb-2); nizar
II (K[s]J; zindar (Ag); zinnar (BK); [zinar j(jj/ nizar
jljj] (JJ); <zinar> jbj (HH)) [syn: qeya)
[J/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Bw//Ag//BK//K(s)] <gelexte>
zinar II jUj (A/IFb/TF) = shady side. See nizar I.
zincir ^*3 j f. ( ;-e). 1) chain; 2) [syn: gidar; qeyd)
fetters, manacles, handcuffs, [also: zencir (JB3);
[zendjir] j (JJ)) Cf. P zanjlr ^c*3j-> T zincir; Sor
zincir [K/A/IFb/B/SK//JB3/JJ]
zindan jIjjj f./m.(Ba3) (-a/ ;-e/zinden). prison,
jail (gaol), dungeon:* [Memu Alan av§tin
zindane] (HM) They threw Memo Alan into
prison, [also: singdan (Z-2); zindiyan (HM); zindan
(zinden) (K/B/IFb-2); [zindan] jljJj (JJ); <zindan>
jljuj (HH)J [syn: girtigeh; hebs) Cf. Ar zinzanah
&1>3j; T zindan; Sor zindan
[HM//K/B//A/IFb/JJ/HH/GF//Z-2]
zindar J\ jJ j (Ag) = cliff. See zinar.
zindiyan jl x>j (HM) = prison, dungeon. See zindan.
zindi I
(IFb/HH/GF/TF) = alive. See zendi.
zinek’ar jlSlij m. (). adulterer: *Bist jinen te
hene, bandana te ji gire ye, tu zinekar i,
jinSn te be mehr in (RN 3:52, p. 2) You have
twenty wives, who are you to make the call to
prayers, you are an adulterer, your wives are not
properly married [to you], [also: zinaker (GF);
zinakar (IFb/OK); [zina-ker/zenakar (G/PS)] Jhj
(JJ)) [syn: tol I; tolaz) [RN/K/A/B//GF/JJ//IFb/OK]
zingar jld j (JB3) = rust; mildew. See jeng & zeng.
zingari j (JBl-A) = rusty. See jengari & zengari.
zingazing Jj jldj (GF) = jingling. See zinge-zing.
zinge-zing [Alkan/K]/zingezing [A/B] JjjJjj f.
(-are), jingling, tinkling (of metal bells)', rattling,
clanging: •zinge-zinga zengile keriygn pez
(Alkan, 71) the tinkling of the bell of the sheep
flocks, [also: zingazing (GF)) IMkan/K/A/IFb/B/GF]
zingil Jdj (Sw-#18) = bell. See zengil.
zingin (F) = rattling, clanking. See §ing!n.
zinnar _,Uj j (BK) = cliff. See zinar.
zipik JLj f. (). pimple, [also: pizik; zilpik (Ak); zipik
(A); zipik II (GF); <zipik> JLj (HH)}
[Ak//Zeb/IFb/HH//A/GF] See also pizik.
zipik JL>j (A) = pimple. See zipik.
ziqum ^Sj f. ( ;-e). 1) (syn; jale; rul) oleander;
2) word used in oaths, curses, etc . < Ar zaqqum
Ul
^3 j = 'infernal tree with bitter fruit'; Sor zequm
P&io j = 'name of a tree in hell’ [IFb/B] <sinc>
zirar jljj f. (-a;-§). 1) damage, injury, harm: *£i
zirar hatye sere Osib, ji dest£ biraye (Ba)
Whatever harm has befallen Joseph is at the hands
of his brothers *Ma zerara p@z t§ de heye an
na? (LM, p.ll) Is it bad for the sheep or not?
•Pa§i mar hate pe§, got "Zerera min
mezintir e" (SK 1:6) Then the snake came
forward and said, "The harm I inflict is greater [lit.,
My injury is greater]"; -zirar dayin (B)/~
gihandin (Zeb) to damage, injure, harm, hurt:
•Gund§ me da keseki dil nedikir wira
gula§ bigirta, le weki ni§keva yeki dil
bikira, ewi ew hildibir! jore d, weki zirar§
nede, fesal dadani ser pi§t£ (Ba2:l, p.204) In
our village no one would dare to wrestle with him,
but if suddenly someone were to dare, he would
pick that person up and, so as not to harm him,
carefully put him on his back *Teyroke zirar
da me (B) The hail injured us; 2) [adj.] damaging,
harmful, injurious: *Cixare k 5 i§andin zirare
(B) Cigarette smoking is harmful, [also: zerar
(F/IFb/OK); zerer (JB3/SK/OK-2); [zerer j^j/ zerar
ji_>-*>] (JJ)) < Ar darar J \T zarar
[F/IFb/JJ//K/B//JB 3/SK/OK]
zirav I Jljj adj. 1) (syn; jar I; lawaz; lexer; narin;
qels I; zeyf; ^k’ok;^qelew) thin, slim, slender, lean;
2) soft (of voices, sounds, etc.) : *Denge dya me
zirave (J) Our mother’s voice is soft, [also: [ziraw]
Ji (JJ); <zirav> Ji jj (HH)) (zirav[t]i)
[Krg/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/HH/JBl-S/GF/TF//JJ] <qiq>
zirav II Ji jj m. ( ; zirev). 1) bile, gall: -§§a zirav
(BR) tuberculosis, TB: 2) gall-bladder: -zirav§ fk-
e qetiya (XF) for one’s heart to sink to one’s
boots, to get good and scared [lit. ’one’s gall
bladder split': see also ziravqetf]; 3) courage,
pluck (HH). [also: ziravik (IFb); [ziraw] J) jj (JJ);
<zirav> Ji ^b (HH)) Cf. P zardab V 1 jjj = ’bile, gall’;
Sor ziraw 3 1 jj = gall, courage’ [F/K/A/B/)j//lFb//HH]
<fatefe§k; hinav; p’i§ik>
ziravik Ji )j (IFb) = gall; gall-bladder. See zirav II.
zirav! jj f. ( ;-ye). 1) thinness, slenderness; 2)
• •
softness (of voices, sounds, etc.) . [also: ziravti (B-
2)) [K/A/JB3/IFb/B/GF/TF] <zirav I>
z
ziravqeti ^-ualjj adj. scared, frightened, afraid,
••
terrified: •Rfivi ziravqetiyayine, tirsonekin
(Z-904) Foxes are scaredy-cats, they’re coward.
[also: ziravqetiyayi (Z-904); [ziraw qetiiaie]
ajLIjj o1 jj CJJ)} <zirave fk-e qetiya = ’one’s gall
bladder split’, i.e., ’one got good and scared’
[Z-904/JJ//K/B] <zirav II>
ziravqetiyayi (Z-904) = frightened. See
«•
ziravqeti .
ziravti jj (B) = thinness; softness (of sounds) . See
ziravi.
zirbab <_hjJ = stepfather. See zirbav.
zirbav oLjjJ m. ( ;-e [B]). stepfather, [also: zirbab;
[zir-bab] (JJ); <zirbab> (HH)1 {syn:
*41
bavmari (JB3)} < Ar dirr ^b = ’polygamy, addition
of second wife to one’s household’ + bav = ’father’
[F/K/IFb/B/GF/TF//JJ//HH] <demari; zirbira;
zirdayik; zirxesu; zirxweh>
*41
zirbira \m. (). stepbrother. < Ar dirr ^b =
’polygamy, addition of second wife to one’s
household’ + bira = ’brother’; Sor zir-bira [K/GF]
cbavmari; demari; zirbav; zirdayik; zirxesu;
zirxweh>
zirg^-jj (GF) = bird droppings. See zirig I.
zirdayik f. (). stepmother, {also: zirda (A-2/
y w
IFb)} {syn: demari; jinbavl < Ar dirr = poly¬
gamy, addition of second wife to one’s household’
+ dayik, variant of de = ’mother’; Sor zir-dak Jljjj
/zir-dayk JL1 jjj [K/A//IFb] <bavmari; -Kill I;
▼
nevisi; zirbav; zirbira; zirxesu; zirxweh>
zire (A) - armor. See zirx.
#•
zir@g m./f(JB3) (-§/; ). lead (chemical element
PhJ. {also: zirig II (IFb); zreg, f. (JB3/IFb-2); [ziridji]
(JJ); <zirig>^j (HH)} {syn: qerqe§un I| Cf.
Mid P arzlz = ’tin/lead’ (M3); = Sor miz _> & sirb
[Bx//JB3//JJ//HH//IFb]
zirgezer (IF) = carrot. See gizer.
zirik Jjj (OK)/zirik Jjj (Zeb) = lye. See zirk.
ziri = leech. See ztiri.
zirig I ^jj /. (). bird droppings, [also: zirg (GF); zirg
(A); zirg’ (SC)} [syn: g’ert) Cf. Arm cirt (W: jird)
&|ipifi ; Ar darq qj j/zarq qj j [IFb//GF//A//SC]
<gu; ritin; sergin>
zirig II (IFb) = lead (metal) . See zir§g.
zirin (jijj vi. (-zir-/-zir§- [IF]). 1) to bray (donkey);
2) to bawl, yell, cry out, howl, wail (K). [also:
[zerin] (JJ); czirin qjJo (diziri) (HH))
Cf. Sor zerin Qjjoj = ’to bray’ [K/A/IFb/B/M-Ak/
SK/GF/TF//HH//JJ] <k’er III>
zirk Jjj/zirk .Jj f. (-a; ). lye (strong alkaline liquor
made from ashes used for making soap or for
making raisins out of grapes), [also: zirik (OK); zirik
(Zeb)) [Bw//Zeb//OK]
zirkete (SK/RZ) = wasp. See zilketk.
zirketk (IFb/RZ) = wasp. See zilketk.
zirna bjj (TF) = oboe-like reed instrument. See zirne.
zirnabej yljbjj m. (). one who plays the zurna.
{also: zifnegi (K)/zirnegi (OK-2); zirnevan
(A/IFb/GF/AD); zurnegi (B))
[Bw/OK//K//B//A/IFb/GF/AD] <diholkut; zirne>
zirn # e *3 jj /.(;•§). zurna (or zurla), a reed
instrument resembling an oboe, played with a
drum (dehol, qv.), which emits a loud, shrill
sound; most folk dances are danced to the
accompaniment of the zirne and dehol (or def u
zirne): -def u zirne = drum and zurna. [also:
zirna (TF); zorne (JBl-S); zurna; zurne (B); [zourne]
ajjj (JJ); <zirne> ^ (HH)) Cf. P surney T
zurna; Sor zurna b^j; Za zirrna f. (Todd)
[K/A/IFb/GF//TF//JBl-S//B//JJ//HH] <dehol;
govend>
zirnegi (K)/zirnegi ^*6 jj (OK) = zurna player.
«« » »
See zirnabSj.
zirnevan (A/IFh/GF/AD) = zurna player. See
zirnabej.
zirx £jj f. ( ;-§). coat of mail, hauberk; armor, {also:
zeri II, m. (S&E/K-2); zire (A); [ziri /zirkh >jj]
(JJ); <zirih> ojj (HH)) {syn: g’ek; rext) Cf. P zim ojj
—> T zirh; Ar zarad jjj & dir‘
[S&E//K/IFb/B/]]/GF//HH//A] ^
zirxesu f. (). stepmother-in-law. {also:
y ut
<zirxesu> 3 -*o -^ (HH)) < Ar dirr ^b = ’polygamy,
addition of second wife to one’s household’ + xesu
= ’mother-in-law’; Sor zir-xesu[A/IFb//HH]
<bavmari; demari; xesu; zirbav; zirbira;
zirxweh>
zirxwe o(GF) = stepsister. See zirxweh.
zirxweh f. (). stepsister, {aiso: zirxwe (GF);
zirxweying (GF-2); zirxwi§k (GF-2)) < Ar dirr =
’polygamy, addition of second wife to one’s
household’ + xweh, variant of xu§k = ’sister’; Sor
zir-xu§k [K//GF] <bavmari; demari; xu§k;
zirbav; zirbira; zirdayik>
zirxweying jj (GF) = stepsister. See zirxweh.
694
• I" ■
z
zirxwi§k jj (GF) = stepsister. See zirxweh.
zistan (SK) = winter. See zivistan.
zivil Jjj (IFb) = dung; garbage. See zibil.
ziving £jj f. (-a; ). inhabitable cave used as winter
quarters; occurs in several place names, e.g.,
Zivinga Bohtan, Zivinga Babizbinya,
Zivinga Tamika. {also: ziving (IFb-2); <ziving>
JjSj (HH)) [Ah/A/IFb/HH/GF] <mixare; §keft>
zivir Jj adj. harsh, rough, coarse, {also: zivr (K/GF);
[ziwir] Jj (JJ); <zivir> Jj (HH)) {syn: gir I[2]J Sor
zibr = 'rough (^smooth), coarse, harsh'
[Bw/A/B/JJ/HH/OK//K/GF/Dh/Zeb]
zivirandin Jj vt. (-zivirin-). 1) to turn (vt.) ,
cause to turn; 2) {syn: vegerandin) to bring back,
cause to return; to give back; 3) to answer (orally)]
in singing songs while dancing at a wedding, for a
second singer (or singers) to answer the main singer
by repeating the verse sung by the latter [T
gevirmek] (Ag). {also: zivirandin (GF/TF);
[ziwirandin] qjajI Jj (JJ); <zivirandin qX>)J j
(dizivirine) (<>^Jjj)> (HH))
[Ag/F/K/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JB 1-A//GF/TF] <zivirin>
zivifik Jj (Zeb) - whirlpool. See zivirok,
zivirin vi. (-zivir- / -zvir-). l) to turn
(around) (vi.) , revolve: *Kale dizvire ser mile
xwe, div§ ... (Dz) The old man turns over his
shoulder and says ... ; 2) {syn: fetilin [l]; vegerin) to
return, come or go back: *£mo ji beriye ziviri
(AB) Emo returned from the sheepfold *Ew duhu
ziviri (B) He came back yesterday, {also: zivirin
(KS); [ziwirin] qjJ j (JJ); <zivirin QjJj (diziviri)
( c5 >j- 0> (HH)) [Pok. II. uert- 1156.] 'to turn': Skt
Vvrt [v&rtate]; Av varet- = 'to turn (vi.)'] Sgd zwart-
(< preverb uz- = 'up' + wart-); cf. also Lat vertere;
Rus vert- BepT-/vorot- BopoT-
[F/K/JB 3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/JB 1-A&S//KS/GF/TF]
zivirk JJj , m. (OK) = whirlpool. See zivirok.
zivirok J±jj f. (-a;-£). 1) {syn: gerinek; *gejik (IFb))
whirlpool, vortex, eddy: -ziviroka av§ (Zeb) do.;
2) [syn: vizik) spinning top (child's toy) (Hk/K); 3)
spiral (Zeb). {also: zivifik (Zeb-2); zivirk, m. (OK);
zivrok (IFb-2)) [Zeb/Dh/K/IFb/B//OK]
zivistan jL-Jj f. (-a;-S). winter: •Cirok, §even
zivistanS xwe§ derbaz dikin (AB) Tales make
winter evenings pass nicely; -§eva zivistan§ (B)
winter night; -zivistane = in the winter, {also:
zeystan; zistan (SK); [ziwistan] (JJ)) [Pok. 2.
ghei-:ghi- 425.] 'winter, snow' & [C. ghimo- (<ghi-
mn-o- ?) 426.]: Skt hima- n. = 'frost, ice, snow' &
heman = '(in) winter'; Av zemaka- m. = 'winter
storm' & [B. gh[i]iom, gen. ghi[e]m6s/ghiom6s
425.] zaiian- m. /zya f. = 'winter'; P zamestan
O; Sor zistan jh-o /zemsan jL^oj/zusan jLjj
[Sinne]; Za zimistan m. (Todd); Hau zimsan m.
(M4); cf. also Arm jmer Lat hiems, hiemis
{.] Gr kheimon x c T ltJ ^ v Rus zima 3HMa
[F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/GF/TF/OK//SK] <berf; gele;
serma; §iIop’e>
zivr Jj (K/GF) = coarse. See zivir.
zivrok J)}Jj (IFb) = whirlpool. See zivirok.
ziwa \ 3 j adj. dry (of living things , e.g., earth, hair ,
lips; whereas M§k [qv.] is dry of inanimate things)
{^§il I): * c Erd ziwa dibe (Qzl) The ground goes
dry *Ji tihna qirika min £di ziwa btibti (LM,
p.5) My throat had gone dry from thirst *L£v8n
min ji tinan ziwa bun (AB) My lips became
dry from thirst *Por ziwa dibe (Qzl) Hair gets
dry *xweliya zuhya (B) dry earth; -ziwa btin
(IFb) to dry up (vi.) ; -ziwa kirin (IFb) to dry, dry
up, dry off (vt.) : *Min hinek av li ruye xwe
kir, bi xawliye ser gav@ xwe zuha kir §dn
de (LC, 41) I splashed some water on my face,
then dried it with a towel afterward, {also: zaha
(Ag); ziha I (Z-l); zihya; ziya I (K-2); zuha (GF-2);
zuhya (B); zuwa (K-2); zwa (A); [zouwa Ujj /zouva
Ijj /zouha Ufcj] (JJ)) <proto Ir *zu-ta- (*zaw-) (A&L
IV,2 [p.84]): Parth wi-zaw- = 'to fade, wither,
droop'; Za zwa (Todd) (ziwayi; zwayi; [zouvai
/zouwai ^Bjj] (JJ)) [AB/K/JB3/IFb/GF/TF//A//B//
JJ//Ag//Z-l] <hi§k>
ziwac (Sw) = marriage. See zewac.
ziwayi f. (). dryness, aridity, {also: zwayi (A);
[zouvai ^j /zouwai' (JJ)) (A//TF//JJ] <ziwa>
zixrik J^j (IFb) = pebble. See zuxr.
zixt f ()• a nail at the end of an oxgoad:
• Misasa cot, aliyeki wi bizmarek e ku
dibejne zixt, aliye din hesineki seri pan—
labtit (Qzl) An oxgoad has a nail on one end,
called "zixt,'' and the other end has a flat piece of
metal~"labut"; -zixt Ie xistin (Qzl) to goad, prod.
{also: zext (K[s]/A/IFb-2/HH/GF-2/FJ-2)|
[Qzl/IFb/GF/FJ//K(s)/A/HH] <!abut; misas>
ziya Lj (FJ) = dragon. See ziha.
ziyan (A/JB3/IFb/HH/GF) = damage. See ziyan.
695
z
ziyaret o>ojUj (IFb/JBl-A/SK/GF) = shrine; pilgrimage.
See ziyaret.
zi I f. (-ya; ). cow's uterus or vagina, {also: zih
(A/IFb)} [Qzl//A/IFb]
zi II (GF) = visit by a married daughter to her
••
father's house. See zeyti.
zian q\SjJ (F) = damage. See ziyan.
zih (A/IFb) = cow's uterus. See zi.
ziha l#j m. (-y@; ). dragon, serpent, {also: ezya (M-
Ak); ziha II (A); zihar (IFb); ziya (FJ); ziya II (K/B);
[ziia] Lj CJD) [Qzl//A//IFb//FJ//K/B/JJ//M-Ak]
<mar>
zilikd-Lj f. (-a; ). 1) (syn: gilik) clitoris; 2) vagina,
particularly internal parts (Msr). {also: <zilik> JLLj
(HH)| [Msr/A/IFb/HH] <quz>
zin I qjj m. (-§; ). saddle: -zin kirin (B/TF) to
saddle [up]; -zine ’erebi (B) Arab saddle; -zine
pi§ta g’ele (Zeb) expression describing two things
that clash or do not fit well together [lit. ’saddle [on]
the back of a cow']; -zine Tome (B/JBl-A)
Turkish saddle, {also: zehn; zen II (L); zihin (L-2);
[zin] qjJ (JJ); <zin> qjJ (HH)1 Mid P zen (M3); P zin
^j; Sor zin qjj; Za zin m. (Todd)
[L//AB/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/(JBl-A)/GF/TF]
Zin II qjJ f (-a;-e). Zin, the heroine of the Kurdish
romance known as Mem u Zin (or Meme Alan).
{also: Zine} [Z-1/EP-7/HM/A/IF]
zinakar jlstoj (IFb/OK) = adulterer. See zinek’ar.
zindan (zinden) (K/B/IFb) = prison, dungeon.
See zindan.
zindu^A^j (K[s]) = alive. See zendi.
Zine = heroine of the romance Mem u Zin (or
Meme Alan). See Zin II.
zinker m. (). saddler, saddlemaker. {also:
[zlncl] L5 ^oj (JJ)] Cf. P zlnkar Sor zindiru
[EP-7/A/JB3/IFb/GF//JJ]
zipik I JLoj f. ( ;-§). hail (precipitation) : «Ber
barane revim, bin zipik§ ketim (Dz-#81) I
ran from the rain, I landed under the hail [prv.]
•Zipik dibare = It's hailing; -zipike xudane
(B) beads of perspiration, {also: [zipik] «sLoj (JJ);
<zipik> JL»j (HH)) {syn: gijlok; teyrok)
[F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/Wn] <baran; berf;
savarok>
zipik II (GF) = pimple. See zipik.
zirgg^jj (A)/zirg’ (SC) = bird droppings. See zirig I.
zire o jjj f. (). cumin, bot. Cuminum cyminum. Cf.
Skt jirana/jlrana; P zire oSor zire o
[Kmc-3/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
zirek Jo(IFb) = smart; skillful; dynamic. See jir.
ziro (TF) = leech. See zdri.
zistani (Frq) = childbed, confinement. See
»»
zestani.
i
ziv jbj m. (). silver: •kursiya ziv (L) the silver
chair *Kursik li cem hakim heye, ziv e d
yek zer e (L) There is a chair at the prince's
[court], it is silver, and there is a gold one. {also:
ziw (SK); [ziw] Jbj (JJ); <ziv> Jbj (HH)) Cf. P slm
Sor zew ^j/ziw^j; Za sim m. (Todd); Hau
ziw ill. (M4) [L/F/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/TF//SK] <zer>
zivan y\Juj (Zeb/Hej) = darnel; couch grass. See
ziwan.
zivger (GF)/zivger (B/JJ) = silversmith. See
zivker.
zivgir (OK) = silversmith. See zivker.
ziving JjJuJ (IFb) = inhabited cave. See ziving.
zivirandin jjJj (GF/TF) = to return, give back. See
zivirandin.
zivirin (KS/GF/TF) = to [re]turn. See zivirin.
zivker m. Q. silversmith, {also: zivger (GF-
2)/zivger (B); zivgir (OK-2); zivkir (FK-eb-2); [ziw-
ger] _j3uj (JJ); <zivker> JjHj (HH)) [FK-2//K/A/IFb/
HH/GF/TF/OK//B/JJ]
zivkir Jfdoj (FK-eb-2) = silversmith. See zivker.
ziw^jj (SK) = silver. See ziv.
ziwan jljjj /. (-a;-£). type of weed which grows in
wheat and barley fields: 1) darnel, rye grass, bot.
Lolium temulentum [T karagayir, delice]; 2) (syn:
firizi] quack grass, couch grass, bot. Agropyron
repens [T aynk otu] (Qzl): *Hevi dikim ku
genim biginin d li §dna wi—ziwana re§
hilinin (Qzl) I hope they will sow wheat and reap
black couch grass instead [a curse], {also: zivan
(Zeb); [zivan] jljj (JJ); <ziwan> (HH); <zivan
jtij/ziwan j)^j> (Hej)} < Ar zu’an jhj; Sor
ziwan [Zeb/Hej//Qzl/K/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF/
TF/OK/AA]
zix I dwj adj. 1) (syn; £ aqil; aqiljir; aqilmend; aqiltij; bi
zihn] smart, clever, intelligent, skillful (Zeb/GF); 2)
{syn: azad; earner; delir) brave, courageous
(K[s]/Hej); 3) {syn: zexm) tough, sturdy, hale and
hearty (IFb). ( also: <zix> (Hej))
[Zeb/K(s)/IFb/GF/Hej]
696
zix II t*> i (A) = sand. See xiz.
L £dJ
I Li
ziya 1 Loj (K) = dry. See ziwa.
ziya II L>j (K/B/JJ) = dragon. See ziha.
ziyan jloj /. ( ;-§). 1) ( syn: zirar} harm, damage,
injury: -ziyan dan/kirin/gihandin= to damage,
hurt, harm: »Ez§ usa bikim, weki ziane
bidim me§e (Dz) I will act in such a way as to
bring harm to the forest »Ne min tera go,
ziyane mede m£§e (Dz) Didn't I tell you not
to harm the forest?; 2) loss, {also: ziyan (A-
2/JB3/IFb/HH/GF); zian (F); [ziian] <jLj (JJ);
<ziyan> (HH)} Cf. P ziyan Sor
ziyan 0 Lj [Dz/K/A/B/JJ/TF//F//JB3/lFb/HH/GF]
ziyaret oojloj f./m.(SK[l]) (-a/ ;-§/ ). 1) sbrine,
holy place, place of pilgrimage or worship:
•Zyaretek bi nave Ardawide hebft ...
li ber we zyarete qizkek dima (EP-7)
There was a shrine called Ardawid ... A girl
stayed (=lived) at this shrine; 2) visit, pilgrimage
(SK): -ziyaretfa] fk-e kirin (SK) to make
a pilgrimage, pay homage to s.o.; 3) used in
oaths, curses , etc. [also: ziyaret (IFb/JBl-A/SK/GF);
zyaret (EP-7); [ziiaret] ojlj (JJ); <ziyaret> ojbj
(HH)1 < Ar ziyarah sjbj = ’ visit; Sor ziyaret cuojbJ
[EP-7//IFb/JB 1-A/HH/SK/ GF//K/B/JJ] <mergeh>
ziz I jjj adj. describes various qualities of sound,
voice, etc. : 1) tender, gentle, delicate, sensitive;
sad: •Li bilftra xwe dida ft stranine ziz
ft melftl ... dileyistin (Dz-anec #22) He
would blow his flute and play gentle and sad songs;
2) (syn: Ki§k [3]} shrill, piercing; sharp, harsh (B); 3)
shaky, tremulous (A/IFb). {also: [ziz] (JJ); <ziz>
>j (HH)} [Dz/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/GF] <deng;
dilziz>
ziz II yjj adj. angry, annoyed, disgruntled: -ziz
bftn (Bw) to go home to mother (of married
women): •Dibejin pa§i gend salan careki
[sic] Peri Xan ziz bo, ji qelate der-kewt,
r§ka zini girt ko bigit e mala babe xo (SK
42:414) They say that once, some years later, Pari
Khan was disgruntled and left the fort and took the
road over the pass to return to her father's home.
[syn: sill [Bw/K(s)/A/IFb/SK/OK]
zizikandin vt. (-zizikin-). to twirl, whirl,
spin, turn around (vt.): «Zizikand, ser telya
xo zizikand, ser her dih telye xwe bere
xwe zizikand, fietta kft ber§ wi sohr bft
weke xwine (HR-I 3:69) He twirled it, he twirled
it on his finger, on all ten fingers he twirled his
stone, until his stone was as red as blood. [HR-
I/A/GF]
zman (JB3/IFb) - tongue; language. See ziman.
zmandrej jSjJqLj (IFb) = talkative; impudent. See
zimandirej.
zmandreji (IFb) = talkativeness; impudence.
See zimandireji.
zol Jjj /. ( ;-e). stripe; strip (lit. & fig.) ; long strip
made of hide, thong, [also: [zuval] Jjj (JJ); <zol>
JjJ (HH)} Cf. Sor zol jjj [EP-7/K/IFb/B/HH/GF//JJ]
zom pjj (GF)/zom (SK) = summer pastures;
encampment. See zome.
zom # e f. ( ;•§). 1 ) {syn: war} camp,
encampment; nomadic residence; group of tents; 2)
[syn: zozan [1 ]} summer pastures (SK/IFb). [also:
zom (GF)/zom (SK); [zome] vsJ (JJ)} Sor zome
= ’group of tents’; Cf. NA zuma = 'a summer camp'
(Maclean). See also W. F. Ainsworth."An Account
of a Visit to the Chaldeans ... in the Summer of
1840," Journal of the Royal Geographical Society
11, (1841), 33. [K/IFb/B/JJ//GF//SK] <’e§ir; kon;
war>
zomp m. (-e; ). large hammer, mallet, [also:
zonp (GF-2); <zonp> (HH); <zomp w^jj/zonp
Sr jjj> (Hej)} \syn: gilmere [2]} [Qrj/GF/FJ/Hej//HH]
<gakug; geran II; mek’ut; mirc>
zonp (GF/Hej)/zonp (HH) = mallet. See
zomp.
zor I j}j f. (-a;-e). power, might, force; violence: -bi
dare zor§ (Bx) by force; -bi zor be, bi xwe§i
be (L) willy nilly, whether one wants to or not
[bon gre, mal gre]; -zora dijmin birin = to defeat
an enemy [syn: alt’ kirin}: # Ne em zora wan
dibin ft ne ew ji karin me bigirin (L) We
can't defeat them, nor can they catch us •Pi§ti
35'an edi yeko yeko mirov di nav por§
xwe de rasti gend tayen sipi t§ ... Di
destpeke de yek-du ta bftn, min bi destan
hildiki§andin, yan§ min zora wan dibir
(LC, p.5) After age 35, one by one one finds some
white hairs amid the hair on one's head ... At first
there were one or two hairs, I pulled them out by
hand, i.e., I was victorious over them, [also: [zor]
(JJ); <zor> (HH)} [syn: hel 1; hez; qedftm [2];
qewat; zexm [2]} Av zavar- = 'power, strength,
697
z
force'; Sor zor = 'power'; Za zor = 'difficult'
(Todd); Hau zor m. = 'force, power' (M4); also cf. T
zor = 'difficult' [F/K/A/(JB3)/IFb/B/JJ/SK/GF/TF//HH]
zor II adv. very, very much, [syn: gelek; p’ir II;
ze’f} Sor zor [Bw/IFb/SK/OK]
zorbe (F/K/JJ) = bully. See zurbe.
zordar Jjjjj m. (). despot, tyrant; dictator. Cf. P
zurdar jl = 'powerful, strong'; Sor zordar jIj
= 'oppressive, tyrannous’ [K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
zordari ^ jljjjj f. ( ;-ye). despotism, tyranny;
dictatorship. [K/A/IFb/GF/TF/OK]
zordest o—ojjjj adj. imperious, commanding:
•h§zen zordest (Ber) the commanding powers,
{zordesti (K)) [Ber/GF]
zordesti f. (). 1) power, might, authority;
2) force, tyranny. [Ber/K/IFb/GF]
zorne (JBl-S) = oboe-like reed instrument. See
zirne.
zotik Jbjj f. (-a; ). anus, {also: zutik (IFb-2); [zoutik]
dbjj (JJ); <zotik> (HH)) {syn: pind; poz II
(Bw)) [Msr/A/IFb/JJ//HH] <qun>
zozan (jljjjj f. ( ;-e). 1) {syn: zome [3]) summer
pasture {Cf. T yaylak}; summer sojourn in the
mountains (JB3); cold land, such as Bitlis and
Mount Mutkan, inhabited in the summer by people
of the hot plains (HH); 2) woman’s name, {also:
[zozan] (JJ); <zozan> (HH)) Sor zozan
<j1 JI3 [J/K/A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/GF] chavin; zome>
zreg *3jj, f. (JB3/IFb) = lead (metal) . See zireg.
zuha u&jj (GF) = dry. See ziwa.
zuhya LajJ (B) = dry. See ziwa.
zulam = (young) man. See zilam.
zurat ol (IFb) = corn, maize. See zuret I.
zurbe m. (). tyrant, bully, strongman, one who
gets what he wants by using force: «Ew zurbe
hazirin me bikujin, bifetisinin (Ba2-#2,
p.210) Those tyrants are ready to kill [and] strangle
us. {also: zorbe (F/K); [zorbe] (JJ); <zorbe>
(HH)} T zorba = 'bully, tyrant’; Sor zurbe
= 'strong, powerful; majority'
[Ba2/IFb/B//F/K/JJ//HH]
zuret I f. ( corn, maize, bot. Zea mays,
{also: zurat (IFb)} (syn: garis[e stanboli];
genime§ami; genmok; gilgile stembole (Haz); lazut}
< Ar durah oj3; Sor zurat ol[F/B//IFb]
T
zuret II oajjj/zuret II oojjj [B/IFb] /. ( ;-e).
offspring, descendants, progeny: -b§ zuret man
(K) to remain childless, without offspring, [also:
zuriyet (SK); zuryet (B-2)} {syn: dol I; dundan} <Ar
durrlyah *jj j --> T ziirriyet [K/IFb/B//SK]
<bezuret>
zuriyet (SK) = offspring. See zuret II.
zurna b= oboe-like reed instrument. See zirne.
zurne ^j (B) = oboe-like reed instrument. See zirne.
zurnegi ^*>6 (B) = zurna player. See zirnab§j.
• •
zuwa Ijj (K) = dry. See ziwa.
zuxre o(GF) = pebble. See zuxr.
zuxur (RF) = pebble. See zuxr.
zuxurk (GF) = pebble. See zuxr.
zuxr m. (-e; ). pebble, little stone; gravel:
• Kti kevir ti k’ils, zuxrd xwe Kemti
hazir kirin, he jinu dest bi g§kirna
avaiy§ dikin (HR-I 1:30) When they have
prepared their stones, limestone, and pebbles,
they begin to build the house, {also: zixrik
(IFb); zuxre (GF); zuxur (RF); zuxurk (GF-2);
zuxur (A); zuxur (A-2); [zuyur] (JJ); <zixrik>
(HH)} {syn: bixur; xig’ik} [HR-
I//JJ//GF//RF//A//IFb//HH] <ber III; heste; hetun;
kevir; k’ils; xiz>
zu^j adj. 1) {^dereng} early; 2) {^hedi} fast, quick,
rapid: «Ew ze’f zti xeber dide (B) He speaks
very quickly; -zfl-zti (K/B)/zflzflka (B) very
quickly; 3) [adv.] soon, {also: zuka (IF-2); [zou]jj
(JJ); <zu> jj (HH)} Skt Vju/jav- = 'to hurry, be
quick’; Av Vjav- = do.; Pahl zut; P zud = 'early;
fast'; Sor zu^j; Hau zu (M4) {zukani (IFb); zuti
(IFb); zuyeti (A); zu-zuti (K)}
[F/K/ A/JB3/IFb/B/JJ/HH/SK/JB1-A&S/GF]
zuda 1 adj. for or in a long time, in ages, in a
while, for years, since a long time ago: «Em
zilva vira dijin (B) We’ve lived here for a
long time *Ew zllda hevaltiye dikin (B)
They've been friends for ages •Ztl de ye me hev
ft du neditiye (IFb) We haven't seen
each other in a while, or in a long time, {also:
ji zude (GF-2); zude (IFb/GF); zuva (B-2)) {syn:
ji mej ve) [K/B/AD//IFb/GF]
zude (IFb/GF) = for a long time. See zllda.
zukani ^IS^j
(IFb) = rush, hurry. See zhyeti.
zfir m. (). hill; hilly terrain: •Zaxo s@ se’ete
teqriben ji Mfisil dtir e ... dormandor§ w§
ji gya ne, ztir in—ewwil ztir in, pa§i gya ne
698
z
(M-Zx #771) Zakho is about three hours from
Mosul ... All round it there are mountains, hills—
first there are hills, then mountains, {syn: gir II}
[Slv/M-Zx/IFb/OK]
zfirl f./m.(F) ( ; /-ye), leech, zool. Hirudo
medicinalis. [also: tizurig (IFb- 2 ); zelu; zeru (GF);
ziri; ziro (GF- 2 /TF); [dizrouk Jjjjj/zouri
/zelou^Jj/zouloul J 3 Jj] (JJ); <zuri> (HH)}
Mid P zalug (M3); P zalu/zalu^Jlj; Sor zeru
jyjoj ; W Arm a 0 zrug/E Arm t 0 zruk 1 nqj 1 n 1 .l 1
[F/K/A/IFb/B/JJ/HH//GF//TF]
zuryet (B) = offspring. See zuret II.
zutik tihjyj -(IFb) = anus. See zotik.
(IF) = rush, hurry. See zfiyetl.
zuva tfjsj (B) = for a long time. See zfida.
zuxur (A) = pebble. See zuxr.
zuxur (A) = pebble. See zuxr.
zuyeti /. (). rush, hurry: • Ziikantya te
mm
. giye? (IFb) What is your hurry? [also: zukani
(IFb); zuti (IFb); zu-zuti (K)} [A//IFb//K] <zu>
zu-zuti Jijsj jbJ
(K) = rush, hurry. See ztiyeti.
zwa (A) = dry. See ziwa.
zwayi (A) = dryness. See ziwayL
••
zyaret oojIjJ (EP-7) = shrine; pilgrimage. See ziyaret.
699
a lot ze’f oapoj; mi§e
aba 'eba b f.
to abandon berdan vt.; t’erk dan jbJjoj vt.;
t’erkandin jjjt£<or vt.; letilandin vt.
abandoned bexwedi beradayi j«y
«• «» ii
abandonment t’erk II Jj< 0 ' f.
to abate danin vt.
abdomen til I Jj zik Jj m.
to abduct (kidnap) revandin jjjUoj vt.
ability §iyan jLi /.; fereset O t'wwO j A3 /! I p§g@bfin
able: (capable) j@hati -to be able (can) karin
OijlT vt.; §iyan ^La vt./vi.; p6 gdbtin
vi.
ablutions: (Islamic ritual ~) destnim£j j£Laa~oj /.
abode hewirge /!; mek’an m.;
war j1 3 m.
abomasum: (rennet bag) §ilav SiJi f.
aborigine bineli (J^ m.
about: (regarding) di derheqa ... da 1 j ... IsaAjoj j; li
ser j«wJ; (approximately) qeder§ qiyas§
Sm§ <yI5
•• ■■
above jor silal hindav sere
•*
raser j*J v ; p@hel J*^o; ji ...ft p§hel
di ser re oj,,,j<u« j , serda
to abrade rtigandin vt.
abroad veder
abrupt dir jj
abscess quner f.; (~on horse’s back) cedew
f.
absolutely bi carek§ v» mitleq q^Ja^; ilia
'ese ; helbet teqez jaSaj; yeqin
; biv§-nev§
absorbed (adj.) (soaked) xerq
abundance bo§ahi II f.
abundant bo§ II mi§e
abuse: zfidegavi /.; (verbal ~) g’§r m./f.\
dijftn I m.; xeber j <V.J d.3. f./m.
to abuse (verbally) l§xurin vi.
abyss zer II JQ j f.
to accelerate lezandin jjjljrfJ vt
accent: (emphasis, stress) §idandin qjjIaa f.; derb
f./m.; t’eqil Js<u f.
to accentuate (put the stress on, emphasize) §idandin
qjjIaa vt.
to accept qebtil kirin qJ' Jj^^'vt.; p’ejirandin
jjjljjoj vt.; wergirtin ^ j?jo 3 vt.
acceptance qebul /.
accident: t’ifaq I jL £; bet’ar j1a1 > m.; serhati
£; qeda 1 j<u f./m.; t’ifaq I f.; (automobile ~)
de’m II f.
to accomodate (house, put up, give lodging to)
fiewandin vt.; ci kirin vt ’
hewirandin vt.
to accompany (see s.o. off, escort) ver§ kirin c j^T
vt.
to accomplish p’ekanin Jbb vt.; (a task) §ert
anin ^bo j*a vt.
accord: -to reach an ~ p’ev k’etin vi.
according to gor II j^f; ji ... ve j; bi
qasi v
accouchement zestani f.
«»
account Kesab m.; (narrative) neqil f.;
riwayet o«vAsj
accursed b§yom
accusation ; -false ~ nebuyi pi.; neweyi ^ojAj
mm
pi.
Y V
accused gunehbar
to accustom ’elimandin jjj vt.
accustomed: -to get/grow ~ to: hin[i ...] bdn
vi.; 'elimin vi.; rahatin
vi. [+li]
to achieve p’Skanin JL> vt.;
acid tijav f
to acknowledge (a greeting) wergirtin vt.
acorn berti f./m.; p’alHd f
acquaintance (familiarity) nasi f.; (person one
••
knows) nasyar m.&f;
acquainted nas ^b; nasyar jL— b; a. with §areza IjojU
; g’avnas (j-LiU. [+ li]; -to be a. with nas
kirin qJ '^b vt.; nasin c >^b vt.
to acquire: (get, obtain) hasil kirin J-*l a vt.;
bi dest ve anin ^jb oJ^o^ vt.; bi dest
xistin o—oaj vt.; p’eyda kirin vt.;
acrobat p’elewan m -
across: di ... ve ; himberi [in
crosswords ) geperast o—1 jaj berwar jUjaj
703
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
act: (deed) kiryar
to act (behave) Tabun u runi§tin o&.h vi.
action galaki f; lebat I ob*J /.; livbazi ^jL&J
f\ kiryar jij'f.; f§l II j/p f./m.
active gapik geleng
activity galaki gelengi /; lebat I
•« ••
oL<J £; livbazi ^jLiJ f.\ hatin a gtin 3
/.; fel II Jli f./m.;
xebat o» b <*.:* f.
acuity gelengi ^<0^ /.
acumen fereset J /!
r
adage mesel f.
Adam’s apple zengelfik f.
to add xistine navda; le zede kirin qJ'oSjj vt.\
••
texistin vt.
adder (viper) margisk m.
address navni§an jLppib m./f.;
to adhere (stick) zeliqandin jjjUJoj vt.; pevekirin
vt.; pevenan jb^iuj vt.
adherent mirid m.; meldar jljJp* m.
adjective rengder f.\ xeysetnav «JLj^^i m.
to adjust l eyar kirin jLa* vt.
administration fermandari ^IjjLjas f.
admissible: (legitimate) rewa 11 pj
to admit: (confess) mikur hatin ^pbfc jPb vi.
to admonish (warn) §iret kirin oo^ vt.; t’emi
dan ^< 0 * vt.
admonition (warning) t’emi ^<0 f.
• •
ado t’evdan q) A3 4j f.
adolescence xortani ^ps. f.
to adorn xemilandin vt.; nitirandin I
jjJjj vt.
adorned xemili -to be ~ xemilin vi.
adornment xemil f.
adult mezin qJ** m.\ (adj.) qerd I
adulterer zindk’ar jlSl; j m.; tol I Jy m.\ tolaz pip
m.
adultery qabti £; tolayi ^jip f; tolazi f.
adultress tol I jy f.
to advance (vi.) p§§da gtiyin 1 Vi.,
pe§k’etin qz*SjZj vi.; qedimin vi.; (vt.)
pe§xistin vt.
advanced p&§k’eti (in years) navsera
1 j«u*sb
advancement: (progress) p@§vegftn /.;
p§§dagftn f; p§§k’etin f.
advantage: (benefit, use) feyde oAjas /.; siftd
(interest, profit) berjewendi /.;
••
menfa’et o Aplii ‘^-o f.
adventure serhati ^Lbj^u, f.
adverb nir I m.; hoker joSpt f; rengpi§e
f.; zerf «jjoj f. /zerf m.
advice §iret 00 ^ f; §ewir jPP f.; sov§t cpip~ £
to advise §iret kirin vt.; t’emi
dan <j1j ^< 0 * vt.
■ •
adviser §iretk’ar m.;berdevk I m.
advisor --> see adviser.
advocate wekil JJ’ij m.
adze tev§o m.
aerial he way i
affable rihsivik J.iu^-j
V
affair (matter, business) k’ar II jlTm.//.; pirs £;
mesele /.; §uxul m./f.
affection dilovani f ■
affectionate dilovan jbplj; mihrivan
affiances xizm ^ pi.
affinity (relationship by marriage) xinamit! f.;
taloqti ^pJb /.
••
to affix (attach, stick) zeliqandin ^joUJoJ vt.;
pevekirin vt.; pevenan vt.
afraid: ziravqeti -to be ~ tirsin p. - vi.; (be
••
scared to death) [+ji] bizdin vi.
•«
after pa§ jib; pi§t! II L5 ^j.; dti III^j; para 1 jb; pey
• •
I j §finds 1
•t
after all nexo p^-aj
afterbirth: (placenta) hevalg’hk f./m.;
p’izdan /.
afterlife: (the hereafter) pi§tdawi £;
• •
axret 00 ^b f.
afternoon: pi§ti nivro (late ~) ’esir f.
afterward dawiye pa§e £pb; dura hinge
^ •• ••
L y JjJt; §dnda ) Aj
• t
again cardin disa Loj; (anew) ji nh ve a^pj
against diji
• ■
age ’emir II m.; ji III m.
to age (vi.) pir btin ^ vi.; ya xwe
k’etin qjaTojS. b vi.
aged navsera ) j«uJb; mezin
agenda rojev Jio^gj £; karname
agent wekil J m.
aggregate (sum total) t’emami f.
««
aggression destdir^ji £
wm
aggressor destdirej JjjJc—oj m.&f.
agha axa Ub m.;
7 04
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
A
agile gust ; desthel J<^aoj
agility galaki c J s l^r £
»»
to agitate azirandin yt.
agitated: -to be ~(of flag) p’§l dan yt.
agitation (upset) qelq jj £
ago beri niha l$3 ^<0; pe§da \±£P v
»»
to agree (come to an agreement) li hev hatin
^Ia <Jaa J vi.; p’ev k’etin vi.;
rekk’etin qSaS’J. Ijj vi.; soz§ xwe kirin yek
030- jp*vt.; qima xwe anin c ^-jIj Lj»
»■
yt.; see also agreeing [with]; (to consent to)
qayil bftn c j a ^ ? J^ls y£; razidili
dayin vt.; (to cause to make ~) li
*• ••
hev anin qp>\S vt.; qayil kirin vt.;
qebti.1 kirin j^T JL^^vf.
to agree with: (to suit) l§hatin qjIa^J yi.
■ §
agreeing Tazi ; [a. with] bi ... ra );
digel
agreement: (consent) qayili L5 loU £; razidili
a* M
£; razilixi £; (pact) peyman qLj^ £;
• »
'ehd qewl m./f.
agriculture gandini £
aid arik’ari ^jl£jl5 £
to aid arik’ari kirin qJ' ^jlCjlS yt.
aide arik’ar jlCjU m.
aim armanc £; mebest o— £; meqsed
jews**-. £; merem m./f.] net £; niiraz
jl^ m./f.; qesd £; (in shooting) ni§an £
air hewa £; (sky) §argeh a<J^U
airplane balafir £; firoke £; teyare
£
airport balafirgeh £
alabaster ces £; gee £; k’ils £
alarm: (signal of distress) aefa heware boj
alarmed: -to be ~ veciniqin vi.
alas way ^
albumen (egg white) spilik I £
alfalfa heliz >J £
to alight: (birds) danin vt.\ dadan jbb vt.\
veni§tin vi (get down, disembark)
peya bhn^y^ L<v> yi.
alike (similar) wekhev
alive: sax^-L; saxesax ^>L*sL; jindar Jjuuj;
z§ndi (full oflife) gapik geleng
c^3«d
• *
all gi§k I JLxf; her hergi Kemh ;
t’emam pL<0‘; t’ev I J>*j ; t’omeri ^j^p £
all in all serhevda 1
all of a sudden [ji] ni§keva UlSjij [j]
all right: (gladly) ser g’av£ min j«u;
bila[ni] [^IN-j
Allah El ah a^J m.
to allay [one’s fears] xem verevandin
yt.
to allege (claim) idi c a kirin j^TLwAJyf.
allegedly xwed&giravi ^yl ; qa§o I jpiU
»» » »
allergy gir IV m
alley kolan II c j'^T£; ’ewe £; zaboq jgjlj £
alliance hevalbendi £
alligator timseh a<uJ'
to allow hi§tin ^a^a yt.; izin dan yf.; r@dan
6'^.J vt
allowable: (legitimate) rewa I
allowed: (according to Islam) helal
ally hevalbend jJaJIsaa m.\ sondxwari
»»
m.
almond behiv £; (unripe) behivter j«uiyso j;
Cil’in ; gerih f.; niv’in
almost teyg bigota ; hew mabfl gi
bigre aj C £
almssedeqe ajoj**? £; ge§t o-i^f£; deroze ojjjoj £;
P’ars £
alms collecting: (begging) deroze oj^oj £
alone t J en§ ^ ; t’ek Jaj-
alongside teni§ta £k-f 4 ,.Laj.o‘
aloof: -to remain ~ xwe dane pa§ ojb vt.
alphabet alfabe ^UJb £
already ji xwe
also ji I gj
altercation doz jjj £; ceng £/m.; cerenix
£; de’w II £; gelem§e £.;
dAlT£; k’e§mek 5 e§
altered: -to be altered ferq kirin yf.
alum §eb y AjJ f.
aluminium fafon cpt> £
aluminum fafon £
always her j<u&; hergav J»IT,^a; t 5 im hert’im
hercar jU.jc»a
amateur Kewask’ar j[SL) 3 <k^ m.
to amaze hingaftin ^ICla yf.
amazed: 'ec§bmayi met’elmayi ;
■ ■ »•
Keyri ^^a^] -to be - 'ec§b[mayi]
• v
man jL y£; met’elmayi
man vi.; lieyrin vi.
•«
amazing 'ec§b
705
A
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
ambassador balyoz JL m.
ambush bose f.
amiable mihrivan ^b; fiKsivik
amid di navbera ... da b ♦♦♦ 1 j*Jb j; navbeyn
qjaJU; nav III Jb ; di niva ... da b... U-jj;
ort’a bjjb
amidst di navbera ... da b 1 j*Jbj; navbeyn
nav III Jb ; di niva ... da b... Iljj;
ort’a b jjJ
amity yari I ^jb f
• •
ammunition cebirxane AiU-o^f.
^ • •
among di navbera ... da b 1 j<kJ bj; navbeyn
qj b; nav III Jb ; di niva ... da b... Iljj;
ort’a b jp
amongst di navbera ... da b 1 j*Jbj; navbeyn
^*Jb; nav III Jb ; di niva ... da b... Lljj;
ort’a b jp
amount gap I f; mixdar m./f.; qas ^b
m./f. ; qeder I j0 jas m./f; -small ~ lieb f/m.
ample berfireh
amulet: nivi§t f; t’iberk
f; t’ilism
f/m.; (around waist) berbejn f
to amuse mijul kirin qJ' vf.
amusement mijtilahi laqirdi m./f.
• • ••
anarchy (chaos) hose *u,jp t f ; k’eft ft left J j
anathema (curse) nifir ^ f.
Y
ancestors icax f ; kal ft bav Jib jJLT
anchor lenger J f; girani
• •
and ft
anecdote givanok qellbotk f I
qirwelk cJJojJ' pi .; p§k’enok JpJlj f/m.
to anesthetize nivandin jjjUi vf.
anew ji nft ve
angel melek /melyak’et o aSLJa^ m.
angel of death melk’emot 233. ; Tuhistin
233 .
anger hers f ; k’erb uj^m.; xezeb J Ai. f.\
'em m./f.; fik’ J j f
to anger qehirandin vt.
angle k’unc m.; go§e m./f.\ kuji m./f;
qulg’ pJp m.; qilg’ik JJJi m.; -at an ~ (=slanted):
16 ? v§l Jli
angler (fisherman) masigir m.; t’ofvan jb jp
m.
angora goat gftr I JS3 ^ ; Kitik JLlo.
angora wool merez II j oj a* f
angry: sil ziz II sim§lfe§ jt© ; (offended)
dilmayi ^LJj; -to be ~ at dil je man jL
•• M
vi.; qehirin vi. ; -to become ~ xeyidin
vi. ; xezibin vi.; kerb§t fk-f
bftnewe = vebftn /<^aj^ obojJ" vf;
simbele fk-§ melftl bftn Li55 j ,, 4
•*
vi.
anguish miruz m.
animal Key wan f./m.; (creature) jindar j) A-oj;
(small wild ~) fawir j m.; (wild) tabe ^b f/m.;
terawil j*j m.; (domestic ", such as sheep &
goats) sewal I m.
animal doctor (veterinarian) beyt’ar - m -
animal skin (hide, pelt) kevil Ji' J" f./m.; pist m.;
(used as receptacle) me§k f
animal tax qamguf f
anis rizyane «objj f
aniseed rizyane «objj f
ankle gtizek f
anklebone guzek deq joj f; k 5 ap II v lTf
anklet xirxal m./f
to annex: (occupy) dagir kirin vt.
to annihilate hilwe§andin vt.; k’ok
qelandin vt.; qir kirin j vt.;
batmi§ kirin jbjb^b vt.; ne»hi§tin vt.
neg.
annihilated (adj.) weran I l)Epj
anniversary salveger jaT^JJL f; sersal JLj«uv f.
announcement daxuyani ^L^b f; 'elamet f
• •
annoyed sil J^; ziz II jjj; sim@lTe§ Jio^4—v; -to get'
at xezibin vi.
to annul [wedding engagement] xwezgini
vegefandin jjjl vt.
answer bersiv I f; cab f
to answer bersiv dan jb vf.; cab dan jb
vf.; dey kirin vf.; vegefandin jjoi
• •
vf.; zivifandin jjj)^b’j vf.
ant muri I f./m..; g§le aJ if f
• •
anthology berhevok f; (of poetry) diwan
anticipation g’avniheri f
•i
antique kevnare ©jUaT
antiquity kevnayi ^bb'ATf
««
antler §ax f./m.; qog 5 ^3 m.
anus qftn c j 5 j f ; kovik f; pind a-l> f; poz II JJk
f ; zotik Js}j f
anxiety cefa m.; xem d xiyal JL-p. j pAa. ; tat§l
Jl 3 ‘b f; (great ") saw jL f
706
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
anxious kovan jtijT ; re‘t II j
any qet oaj
any minute now idt sib§
■ ■ «■
any time now idi sibe
*■
anybody k’es m.
anyone k’es ^aT m.
anything gi £
apart jev Joj; j§k Jy j
apart from ji bill ^ j ; xSnci CJ =^S-
•« ■ ■
apartments (lodgings, quarters) menzil JjjJa* £
apathetic bSxiret ooxemsar jL_*as
*•
ape meymtin a^ £
to ape (imitate) zar ve kirin j^T <u jlj vt.
aperture qul I Jp £; qeli§tek JaxaJa* £
aping (n.) zar I jlj m.
apparatus dezgeh /.
apparel bUsat m./£.
apparent a§kere ojATilS; beld^J^; diyar jl> j; k*if§
ji.iT; 'eyan jLap ; xane jiU-; xuya p’eyda
• •
) ju> <0; -to be ~ hatin xanS jjU. jjIa id.
apparently meger jaTa^
apparition (ghost) qer e t’u j^ 0j ^ m./f.
to appear xuyan I vi.; xuya bfin id.;
dergftn vi.; p’eyda btin Ia^aj vi.;
hatin xane jjU jj-L* id.; (show up,
come to light) t’ifiqin vi.;
(the sun) hilhatin jjI* 1 a id.
appearance: (shape, form) §ikil JTi m.; (looks)
bejnbal £.; dirtiv m.; dilqe AiJj m.;
qelafet oaT^a* m.; neder joja 3 £.; qilix I ^Jj m.;
dindar I Jaajo £; sifet o^i- m.; suret Oj^ •
to appease qani c kirin j^T vt.
appetite me’de oAt^u m.
to applaud g’epik dan jIj^sLa^. vt.
applause g’epik ttJ-j A 3 - m .
apple s§v
apple juice ava s£va Lil*, Ul 5 £
application ‘arize ojyjU £
appointed (to fill an office) me’mftr m.
appointed time we’de oa&oj m.
appointment (date, rendezvous) jivan jUj m./f.
to appraise nirxandin vt.
to appreciate 'ecibandin vt.; nirxandin
Vt.
apprehension xem ft xiyal JL-S j I/O-
apprehensive (anxious, worried) kovan jbjT
to apprise s.o. of p§ Kesandin ja^Las.^ vt.
••
approach (attitude) helwest £
to approach IS nezikayi kirin vt.
• • H
appropriate: (suitable) layiq ; babet II oajL;
hinkftf ; bici di cihS xwe
da )j ojS* j; minasib ; -to be ~
««
IShatin vi.; tewa xwe
girtin jj.^T Ijaj vt.
to approve p’ejirandin jjjIjjaj vt.; qebftl kirin
q>T J35-? aS vt.
approximately qedere fejojdj; qiyasS ;
eme
apricot mi§mi§ jLoja.* £.; qeysi £; zerdeli
• •
April Nisan £
apron berk’o§ ji-iT,^ £; bervank csLUjaj £; berdilk
JUj£; bermalk dJLj*j ; mSzer £;
melitk JaJ m./f
aquarius dewlgi m.\ satil JjL £.
• «
Arab ’ereb t^o jap m.&f.
Arabic 'ereb!
v •
arbiter berevan jtfojd u m.
arbitrator berevan jls'oj«o m.
arc xelek £
arch kevan jU<^Tm./£
archer tiravej m.
archery tiraveji £
••
arctium (cockle bur) quncirk Jf.
ardor xiret 00^0. £; §ewat £
area dever I £; (of study) war jlj m.
arena govek £
to argue: p’evghn vi.; hev xwarin
vt.; §er bun vi.; rabhn rhyS
hev Jcufc j vi.; me’na fk-G gerin
vj.
argument de’w II ^&oj £; ceng f./m.; cure o
£; doz £.; gelem§e aT£.; gel§ jJ aT£;
k’eft h left oJaJ 3 <^i^T £; k 5 e§mek 5 e§ j£ aTa-^aT
£; k’e§e aa^T£; mi§t u mir 3 ca- £.; p’evgfin
j^Jaj £.; cerenlx^JojA^ £; qireqir £;
§er I m.; t’Skgtin f.
arid ziwa bj; beweg
aridity ziwayi £; bSwegi ^03^ £
•1 ■■ fi
Aries beran jIjaj m.
aristocrat 'eyan jLjap m.; cindi ^aj^. m.; giregir
I JoJ*pJ.
arm: qol I Jp m.; (fingers to shoulder) bask Jl*Ij
m.; (elbow to shoulder) geng I £; g’epil
Jja3. m.; (wrist to shoulder) pil I m.; (upper”)
mil J-. m.; (wrist to elbow) zend I aj 0 j f./m.
707
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
armed: (provided with weapons) g’ekdar
Armenia Ermenistan A-* j Aj /!
Armenian (n.): Ermeni m.; file m.&f; -
«»
Kurds of ~ descent misilmeni m.
Armenian woman kirung f.
armful: (in harvesting crops) desti j m.
armistice §erragirtin qJ JSjjoJ: /.; §errawestin
armlet bazibend jo too m..
armor g’ek m./f.; espab v L-*a 5 pi.; Text
m./f.; zirx £jj /.
armpit bing’eng f.; kef§ I m.
arms: (weapons) g’ek ^ J^ m./f; sileh I aaL- f.\
espab v L~a 5 pi.
army le§ker ja&aJ m.; arte§ jiljjU /.; esker jaCp
m.; ordi f.;
army boots potin f./m.
aromatic binxwe§ £,03^0
around: dorh§la bLpfcjp ; di
dora ... deoJ„, Ijjj j /[li] dora... oj. 4 . Ijp J;
(approximately) §me £P 5 ; -all around
garhilqe aaL&jU. ; garnikar jlCpL.
to arouse suspicion §ik pe§da anin ^pb tjjpj vt.
to arrange rekxistin .j vt.; 'edilandin
vt.; (a marriage) gftn xwezginiye
Vi.
arranged: -to be ~ p’ekhatin qj [a Jp vi.
arrangement (the social order) p’ergal I /.
to arrest zeft kirin ^p" vt.
to arrive gihan I vi.; gihi§tin vi.
arrogance pozbilindi /.; qufeti £>'ojP
• • ••
serbilind! ^jaLjA-, f.; 'en’ene I <0 a*3ap m.;
serfirazi ^pP ja-* /.
■> •
arrogant pozbilind jjpjp; difnbilind joP^pj; qufe
oj^ ; serbilind jolLja-*; serfiraz jlP ja~
arrow tir I ^p f.
arsenal cebirxane a^U.^ a?. /.; zexire o/.;
arsenic trioxide: (=white arsenic) mergemu§
f./m.
art hiner m./f.\ (skill, talent) me’rifet o f .;
sennet oja-* /*.
artichoke ; -wild a. (Cynara cardunculus, cardoon)
kereng J 5 ojaT m./f.
article: (piece of writing) nivisar I jLp3 f.
artificial (counterfeit) net’§ £‘a 3
artillerist t’opav§j j£sbp m.; t’opgi m.
artillery depot cebirxane Aj Ipjj A 3 - /.
artisan sen‘etk 5 ar jISjajoa- m.; pi§ek 5 ar jITa^-o m.;
(master) osta bpp m.
artist hunermend jJa^jap* m.&f.; sen c etk’ar jISjajuou
m.; pi§ek’ar jlSApo m.\ (painter) w§nekar jITajljj
m.&f.
arum: -dragon arum (Arum masculatum) kari II /.;
•«
(large variety of a.) kari kel JaT^IT; (tiny variety
of a.) kari gugik CS J ^
«»
as herweki ; Besab§£>LA3. ;(as much) ewqas
»» »*
ewqedr jja^aj ; (like, similar to) wek
mina Ip*; fena ; nola 'Vp; §iti II
v»
as ... as bi qasi v
§ «
as far as (until) Beta
as for he[r]gi ^[j]^
as if qey xwedegiravi ^J) p£j 0 >s.
«» »• ■»
as long as Beta ; (since, because) hey I
madam p)jL
as soon as Beta l J ; fenan ^b
as though xwedegiravi
• • M
to ascend derk’etin qj<Sjqj vi.; hilk’i§in vi;
serk’etin qjoS'ja*, vi.; quloz bBn c j 55 j _plp vi.;
(smoke, dust) hilbfin vi.; (~ to the top) xwe
dan feze jl j 033. vt.
ascent (incline)"jiheli ^ ^>j m.
• •
to ascertain yeqin kirin vt.
ascetic abid job m.&f.
ash xweli /.; (glowing ashes) helemor
/.; tiraf «jlp /.
ashamed §ermezar J\ j ^0 j Ajw ; fedikar jlSb joj ;
fehetkar ; -to be ashamed fedi kirin
O^iS joi vt.; §erm kirin vi.; (be a. to do
stg.j ruye fk-e nag[i)re o[+ subj.]
ashtray xwelidank 4j1pJo3^. f.
ash tree benav ob aj f.
asininity k’ereti f.
to ask pirsin { j^ u ^ vt.; pirs kirin ^ vt.;
pirsyar kirin qJ' jL^ vt.
to ask for (request) xwestin vt.; lavahi kirin
vi.; je h§vi kirin vt.; limej
•• »» •€
kirin jpJ vi.; t’eweqe kirin 3 vt.; -a.
f. a woman's hand in marriage pirsa merivatiye
danin vi.
asking (n.) [for girl's hand in marriage] xwezgini I
f.
«»
aspect sifet o«^ m.; (shape, form) §ikil JiP m.
asphodel gUlik JJj&f; soryas ^bp- /.
aspiration teko§in f.
708
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
A
ass: (donkey) k’er III jof m.&f.; guhdir@j jjjjjbjf m.\
(she ~) mak’er j*SL> f; k’era m§ ^ \j*f f.\ (young
• •
of ~) ceh§ m.; deh§ Jijtoj m.&f/, (backside,
butt, rump) qun q^s f; kovik JJjf f.; pind ^ f;
poz II f.
to assail §ri§ kirin vt
assassin: (murderer) merkuj m.; xwini
m.&f
assault §rl§ f
to assault eri§ kirin vt.
to assemble: (vi.) berhev bUn J civin
vi.; k’om btin ^ vi.; t’op bfin c j 3ih!
vi.; xir ve bun 4 p. vi.; (vt.) berhev
kirin qJ "civandin (jjjUU vt.; k’om
kirin vt.; t’op kirin qJ? pp vt.; xir ve
kirin qP' 4 p. vt.
assembly civat oi^ f; (official or royal) meclis
^ f
to assent [to] qayil bun c j 3 ^ ? J-ob vi.; qebul kirin
qj? vt.
to assign (a task) §ert avetin j<^ vt.
to assimilate asimilekirin q vt.; pi§aftin
Vt.
assimilation asimilasyon /; pi$aftin
cMh £
to assist arfk’ari kirin vt.; (at a birth)
welidandin (jjjjjJoj vf.
assistance arik’ari f.
assistant arlk’ar jl^jb m.; (shepherd's ~) du§ivan
jUijj m.
association civat obb. rekxistin f; sazi
L f
to assume deranin vt; t’exmin kirin
vf.
assumption t’exmin ferz jj<\i /.
assured misoger j4j-^ ; pi§trast o— biste
Assyrian (Christian minority of Kurdistan) file «Ui
m.&f.; mexin m.
astonished 'ecSbmayi met’elmayi
; Keyri -to be astonished Keyrin
astounded 'ec§bmayi ; met’elmayi
; Keyri -to be astounded Keyrin
■* ..
0 -Lrt.***- y i-
astray Keyri ^
asylum dexalet oJU-oj /.
at: li J; (over s.o.’s house) bal I JL; cem p*s.; hinda
11 jujb; lal§ ; li def «j<o J; nik I M; rex I £oj
at all qet
VJ.
at any rate heyneyse
at first berSda 1 sifte ji r§ve +&jj
at odds bSt’ifaq
«• _
at once pera-pera 1 ^Ld yekser j+*S< u; di cih da
1a*?. j; t’avil§ ^lib
*•
at the same time yekser j a* 44
athlete p’elewan ^ m.
atmosphere hewa f
atmospheric hewayi
••
atom hurik J m .
to attach zeliqandin vt.; pSvekirin qjS'+SP
vt.; pevenan vt.
attack eri§ f; Kuctim f; Kucumkirin
£;(surprise night ~) §ebeyxKn
to attack eri§ kirin vt.; (bother, pick a fight
with) berhingari fk-§ btin j<>o vi.;
• •
(pounce on) rahi§tin ser j vt.; (verbally)
lfrxurin vi.; (bite or sting, of snakes &
• •
insects) pe vedan jb4 ^ vt.
to attain hingaftin c jj^l Cjt vt.; gihan I 6 1 / vi -’
gihi§tin vi.
attempt bizav f.; hewl f; hewldan
f.
to attempt hewl dan vt.; teko§in vi.
attendance: -in a. Kazir jjLx
attendant (valet) pe§xizmet m.;
xizmetk’ar JSj m.; xulam m.
attention: (presence of mind) Ki§ m.; (surveillance)
g’avderi f.; -to attract ~
• •
bala fk-e k’i§andin j jjLiT .. ML vt.; -to pay ~ to
pKte pe kirin vt.
• •
attentive: -to be ~ hay je hebKn vi.;
• € ••
pute pe kirin y f
• •
attire bKsat aL^j m./f.; (disguise) qilix I ^4 m.
attitude helwest /.
attorney ebuqat 4 m.&f.
attribute (trait, quality) sifet o m.
aubergine bacan§ Te§ jio j m.
auction herac g) j«a f; mezad jljcu, f.
audience guhdar pi.
auger (gimlet) mikare ojisC m.
to augment zede kirin vt.
August (month) T’ebax I >b<u f
aunt: (wife of paternal uncle) amojin c j£-.l5 f;
jinap ybj jinmam pLjj’ (wife of maternal
uncle) xalojn JU. jinxal JU*3j (mother's
sister) xalti I f \ (father's sister) met o*ju f.
709
A
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
authentic xwerti
authenticity Tasti j birati II ^ f.
•i ••
author nivisk’ar jlSl^k/nivisevan m.\
(initiator) sebab v L<u* m.
authority desthilat Kuk’um m.\
emir I _^a 5 m.; raye I ajIj *» zordesti /!;
(position of ~) mezinah! f.
««
authorization raye I aj!j
authorized me’mflr ^a^
automobile trimbel ^ /.
autumn payiz /.
autumn leaves xezal II JljAi f.
avail (use, benefit, advantage) feyde ojoas /.
available berdest II jaj
avalanche a§lt ow-ib §ape I ajU Ten!
(small ~) xi§ilok /.
avarice tima Lj /!
to avenge tol standin/vekirin qJ'oj /yjjb-vJjp vt.;
fieyf hildan/standin Uu a^ vf.; j§
fieyf hilanin ^.a^ £jvf.
to avert (prevent) p£§iya fk-§ girtin
vf.; p§§! 1§ birln ^ lt 1 ^ vt •
aviation balafirvani /.
aviator balafirvan m.
to avoid xwe dane pa§ jib asIj vf.
to await pan I jL vf.
awake Ki§yar jLuxa-
to awake [n]: (vi.) (to wake up) Ei§yar bfin Q& jLio.
vi.; ji xew rabtin J vi.; (vt.) Iii§yar
kirin q^TjL^o. vf.
awakeness hi§yari /.
awarded: -to be ~ layiq bun c j 3iH vi.
aware fii§yar jLio.; serwext o-i-ojj a-*; bilyan ^LL; -
to be "of hay je hebdn q&a .a vi.;
varqilin vi.
awareness hay I Iii§yari /.
••
awe saw 3 L /.
awkward: (person) destgiran oj; giran I
(of words) leng JjaJ
awl dir§§ pij
awn: (of grasses) dasi m.; biji III m.
• • •«
awning sivande /.
axe balt’e aJL m.; bivir m./f.; tevir m./f\ -
double-headed ~ tevirzin (yjJ* aj m.
axilla bing’eng «Jja=*jl> /.
azarole: (hawthorn) gijok f.
Azrail (angel of death) melk’emot oj-.a£!a^ m.\
Tuhistin m.
710
A A
VI.
Y V
to babble (of water, brooks) §ir§irandin )j
babbling (n.) xulexul J|^*aJ^ £
babe in arms §!rm6j m./f\
babies'-slippers (=bird’s foot trefoil) kin§rok
baby sawa ; §irmej jdergu§ oj
(~ of the family) binhemban m.&£\
pa§landik m.&f.
baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata ) kelkele <Jofiof
bachelor azib v jL 5 m.
bachelorhood azibl ^jlS
back (adv.) pa§da IjjsL
back (n.): pi§t I £/m.\ (support) aligiri ^£jls
(small of the ~) qorik £\ (upper part of~)
namil J_*U £
to back aligiriya fk-§ kirin vf.
back teeth (molars) diranSn k’urs! Ijj pi.
••
backbiting pa§gotini £
««
backbone mezmezk Jja^ja* m.//.
backer (supporter) aligir m.; meldar jljdL* m.
backing (support) meldari pigtgiri
•• ••
£
backside k’emax ^LaS"/.; poz II -Si ^
backward (adj.) pagveru^j^L
backward (adv.) berevaji ^jUojA ; vaji ^jU
•• ••
bad neba§ ji L <^3; xirab nexwe§ jjo*A.Aj; - to
go b. Kerimin vj\; fesidin ^j^as vi.
bad back: -suffering from ~ pi§tkul
bad luck 'ec6b ^J^ap f-* qezlya LjJas £
bad manners nezan! ^IjAj /.
_ ••
bad mood mirtiz m.
bad shape: -in b.s. b§ ser H ber ja 3 ja-*^; be rek u
••
pek; p’er!§an ^Loja; -to be in ~ Kale /k-e
neman/nebtln ^Laj/
bad spirits: -to be in bad spirits xwe xistin vi hali
(J oy*. Vt.
bad words qise <ui
badger kurebe§k cJUaoj^T /.
badness xirabi ^ £
bag: (satchel) cente (sack) cendik Jaja> £\
gewal JI^a* m.; m§§ok m.\ tKr I Jja j m.
baggage barxane AiU-jb cente axja> £
b a ggy trousers §alvar jUJU m./pl.
bagpipe me§k JLsa- f.
to bail out (a boat) hilc’inin vt.
bailiff mifirdi
to bake pa tin qjL vt.
bake-house firne aJ^ f.
V
baker nanpej m.; -b.s profession nanpej!
£
f\ t’eraz!
baker's peel hestif u^aa £
bakery firne a > j f.
balance: (scales) §ih!n m6z!n
balanced 'eyn qo<^
balcony behwe ojj&a bersifk «JjLwja;
palkon L, telar jNaj
yazlix ^JjL £
bald: k’egeljA^AT; Kewes (inappropriate,
insolent) beqfin
baldness k’egeli a*.aT £
•• ^
bale: (of hay) gurz II £/m.\ (large ~ of hay) xorim
(of wheat) gi§e £
ball: (circle, sphere) govek £; (large ~) hoi I Jpt
£\ (small gog ^£\ t’op II £\ (clod, clump)
gumtil Jz+j?m.; (~ of yarn) gulok JyJy? peng I
Moo £/m.
v
balloon p’ifdank ebljju £
ballot pe§k II <\J f.
balls: (testicles) gun qM m.\ bati m.\ helik
£/m.
balm (salve) melhem £
balsam melhem £
balustrade cax m.\
to ban qedexe kirin ^^Ta^ojaj vt.; berbend kirin
-^A)jA) Vt
banana mKz j^/moz III £
band: (gang) cerd I jjajw nijde ojjj £
bandage terig^jiojAj* m.
bandit r§bir ^ Zj m.; nijdevan m.; k’eleg II
(JioJ of m.
banditry rebiri £\ nijdevan! k’elegi
J^o]of£
bangs: (of hair) bisk <A~o £\ gix ^ £
to banish sirgiin kirin qM
banishment kogber! ^ja^T/.; xurbet
sirgiin £
banister cax m.\
bank: (riverbank) bar II jL p’erav JIjaj f.; kev! I
^Jof £ [2]; l§v £
banned qedexe a^ojas'
banner al JL C b§raq £
711
B
banquet §ayi I /.; §ilan II f.; xir§f o£>i
•«
naz u ne’met 3 jb
bar: (form, mold, e.g., of soap) qalib v_Jb 222.; qurs
in.; (wooden handle ~ used in churning
butter) lewleb v <J 3 aJ f./m.
to bar (s.o.'s path) p£§iya fk-§ girtin J? 4 ,,
vh; pe§i le birin relegirtin
h vt.
*
barber berber I j m:\ delak J'Voj 222.; serta§
^b *j 221 ,
bard dengbej jlJjoj 222.
bare rftt
to bare: (one's teeth) be§ kirin vt.
barefoot p’exwas
bareheaded serqot
barely ancax-ancax ^UwlS^UwU; hew 3 *jt; hew
m ab u jyL
bargaining bazar jljb f.
to bark reyin I vi.; ‘ewtin vi.; dirin II
vi.; kastekast kirin vt.
barking gele-gel ; gewte-gewt
’ewte'ewt o3 AJ3 /!; kastekast T/.;
*kute-kut o^o^TfF); reyin I ^oj /.
barley ceh 222.
barn pange kadin jIT/.
barrel (of gun) lule /; (wooden container) §ikev
barren beber xir§ ; beweg 2-oj^; bezuret
••
(of animals) stewir ; (deserted) xir u
xali ^JU. 3
• «
barrenness b£zureti (of animals) stewri
• • • •
<cu, 1 .
barricade geper I /.; k’ozik JjjT senger
j aS 3 •a-*, 221.
barrier asteng dS«uJj /.; Hed u sed ; sikir
JL f.
barring (obstructing) rel£girtin qj f.
base (adj.): xwar
base (n.): (foundation) bin I 222.; binat’ar jblo /;
bingeh bin! Kim 222.
«« I
baseless: (inappropriate) bdqun Q&fe
•«
basement (cellar) serdab zdrzemin
/.; padval JUjL /.
3 f.
baseness: (lowness) nizmi
bashful §ermezar ; fehetkar j\SsZjboJ> ;
feh£tok -to be too ~ to do stg. rKy§ fk-&
nag[i]re ojb ... [+ subj.];
basic bingehin
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
basin: (bowl) t’as /!; (wash ~) §ikev f.
basis bin I ,-o 222.; binat’ar bio bineeh aaL t
bin! ^ esas^LoJ 222.; Ki
r
222.
lbil
(for'grapes) sewi /; (upside-down, to cover
and protect food) mekev obb* f.
basket seller zembilfiro§ 222.
bastard (illegitimate child) pig ^ 212.; (unkind person)
qebrax ^-1 222.; t’eres 212.
bastardy pig! L3 =>^, /.
bastion kela £; birc f.
bat: (flying mouse) barghmok f. ; gekgekile
222.; gil II /!; dilvmesas
pirgemek §evrevink JLJoj 3 +£ 222.;
§ev§evok 222.; (baseball ~) ths ^3^’ 222.
batallion tabflr j^b /!
bath germav oLjaT Kemam /; balav o^L> /
ser§o 3-^j a« f
bath attendant: (male ~) delak 222.; (female ~)
ser§o 3_ij f.
to bathe: (vi.) Kemami§ bKn vi.; (vt.)
Kemami§ kirin vt.; av lgkirin
QjSli vjb Vt.
bathhouse Kemam f.
r
221 .
222 .
bathhouse attendant Kemamgi
bathhouse owner Kemamgi
bathing (n.): balav jyb /.
bathroom: (lavatory) avdestxane «cU^oji’b avr
I /.; da§ir j golik III
destavxane edebxane f.\
qedemge aLojaj /.; (room for bathing) ser§o
Y A
^ -Vt'-J
f.
bathroom sink dest§ok J jf,
batman: (unit of weight) batman I ^LjL /; ritil I
/.
battle ceng §er I 222 .; sefer j <\i f* J
(contest) cerenix^joj^ f.
to battle (fight) §er kirin j*Ji vt.
battlefield meydan jljy.*-* qada §eri bb f.
battleground qada §eri bb /.
battleship cengke§ti f.
to bawl: (cry bitterly) galigal kirin vt.;
zirin vi.
to bawl out: (scold) 'erza §kandin
vt.; berhingari fk-e bfln vi.;
j@ra xeber dan 1 J>J vt.
7 12
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
bay (inlet) kendav «J1 f./m.; k 5 unc@ be 5 r§
m.; (reddish brown color, of horse)
k 5 iK§l
to bay [=to bark] reyln I vi.; ‘ewtin vi.;
bayonet singo f.
bazaar bazar j)jU f.
to be bftn vi.; man jL vi.; (to exist) hebfrn
vi.
to be able: (can) karin IT vt.; §iyan £ vt./vi.; pe
g§bhn vL
to be in doubt k’etin §ika ISjs vi.
to be on fire §ewit!n vi.
bead: mircan f.; (glass ~) mori I ^j^ f.
beads of perspiration zipike xudane tjhfJ
beak dim ^ m.; nikil JSj m.
beam: (crossbeam) be§t /!; garite ajjjf m.\
k’§ran pjSm.\ max m.; (thin wooden ceiling
~) nire I m.; mertak Jbj*^ rot m.; (of
light) tir&j f\ (of plow) mijane <ol jl. /
bean: (mung bean, Phaseolus aureus) ma§ Jl L f.;
(vetch, wild ~) §olik JJp m./f.
bear (animal, Ursus) fiirg’ f./ni.; (male ~)
nereKirg’ ^ m.
to bear: (give birth to) zayin vt.; welidin ^ jJ^
vi.; (of dogs) t’eliqin vi.; (~ a burden) teyax
dan ji j g\j*j vt.; (endure, withstand) tamt§ kirin
Qjf vt.
beard rih I Aj /.; (awn, of grasses) das! ^Ij m.; bij!
Ill ^ m.
bearded vulture: (lammergeier, ossifrage) dalere§
j<01 j m.
bearing (carriage, appearance) qedqamet <*5 f.
beast canewar m.; dirende ojJojj m.; tabe oob
f./m.; terawil J '^j^s m.
beat (rhythm) t’eqil Jj*j f.
to beat: (strike, hit) ledan jIaJ vt.; lexistin
vt.; k’utan (pP vt.; repandin jjjLoj vt.; (defeat,
subdue) zora [dijmin] birin j-O'j bjj vt.;
alt 5 kirin j^T oJlS vt.; be ser h ber kirin
qPj+>3 vt -’ ( at a game) [ji+] birin [£;] vt.
to beat down (of sun) patin jjL vt.
to beat up (assault and hit s.o. repeatedly) feli§andin
jAjUJai vt.; Tepandin jjjLoj vt.
beating: (thrashing, hlows) k’otek f; (of heart)
p’irtep’irt o^ f
beautiful bedew jo j^; cind! ; ciwan jl^ ;
delal I Jgurc! k 5 ele§ III speh!
xwe§ik ; rind jjj
B
to beautify xemilandin vt.
beauty bedewti f.; ciwan! I ^ W fc spehit!
■ ■ * *
f.; reng H r<i ^ 3 Jjoj m.; rinday!
••
f-‘> (beautiful woman) husulcemal
f; gurc I f; p’eri II f.\ zeri
I f-
• »
beauty mark deq joj /.; xal II JU. f.
beaver darbir m.; kug’ike ave pp m.
•• ••
because ji ber ko j ; gimk 5 ! giku
ko p; hey I
because of ji ber j ; bi xera fk-i ** J 5 dewlet
sere fk-t ** , ( Y QJ O’ aJjjO J
to become bftn vi.; lehatin vi.; man
vj.; derk’etin j vi.
bed c! ^ m.; nivin f./m.; text co-^' m.; (flower
••
') qarix £jli m.; §ov «Jp /.
bedding ci ^ m.; nivin f./m.; mit§l f.; cil
IIIJU m.
bedclothes cil IIIJL^ m.
bedroom razanxane f.
V
bedsheet gar§ev siptg’al f-
bee: (honey ~) me§a hingiv (~ which
leaves its hive and visits others) bars ^jb; zey!
^oj f.\ (type of wild bee) kurifok Jj f->
(quilting ~) zibare ojbj palhte f.
bee eater: (bird: Merops apiaster) §alul J 33 JU m.
beef go§te fieywan m.
••
beehive kewar f./m.; kewarme§ ( j^ J l 3 ^ f;
selme§k f; (man-made) xil@fe U. f.
beer ava ceh ISIS f.
beestings firo in.; zak J)j m.
beet silq pL f.
beetle: k’ezik Jjlf(dung ~) gdgil§rk df.
to befall (happen to) lehatin vi.; sere fk-1
i#
hat in vi.
• •
befitting bici di cih§ xwe da j;
• • ••
rewa I 1 3 oj
before (time) ber II jaj; ber! I p^§ I <j^.; di
pe§!ya fk-e/ff-f de oj (adv.) p§§da
(place) pe§ I (J ilj; li ... p§§ve
(adv.) pe§da
to beg: lavah! kirin vf.; j§ h§v! kirin
(yPiJZJ* & vt.; Iim6j kirin jlJ vt.;
t’eweqe kirin vC; (implore) xwe avdtin
bext§ yek! vt.; (ask for alms)
p’ars kirin vt.
beggar p’arsek m.; xwazok m.; gede
p’epdk I
713
B
beggary p’arseki f
begging p’ars f ; p’arseki f; deroze
««
D^jjO J /!
to begin dest pe kirin ^ o —oj vt; rabfln Q&)j
aa
vi. + verb
beginner: (novice) na§i m./f.
beginning: destpdk f ; ser I m.; -in the
beginning ber§da IajIj4j
to begrudge hev§andin vt.
to behave Tab tin H rtini§tin QzJti vi.
behavior rabun u Tuni§tin 3 q&>)j £
to behead serj§kirin c j^S 3 j J< u w /§erjekirin vt.
behind: pa§ jib; pi§ti II cs xij i ; dti III^j ; para Ijb;
i*
pey I (delayed) giro jjJ; egle oJibj
belch qilpik JLJ.9 f
belief bawer[il [^] jo^L f; itiqad jLsxJ f
to believe bawer kirin jo^b vt.
bell zengil Jioj m./f
belligerence destdirSji J J /•
• •
bellow (noise) qifeqir £
belly: (stomach) zik J j m.
belly button (navel) navik ^J'b f./m; nav II Jb f./m.
bellyband keji ^j J" f ; kolan I j'&T f ; navteng
Jj^J'b qo§ jip m./f.; teng II <Jj*j m./f
belongings (of the poor) sit’ar jLa, f
beloved 'eziz jjJap ; delal I J^oj; xwe§tivi L5 ^o J 3-;
Kezkiri ; dilk’eti
_ • • ••
mefibHb ;
yar jb m.&£
below bin II jj; biniya ; jer J>J f; peda I IaJ;
ji ... ti p§da IjJoj J
belt k’ember f; qayi§ jLoli f; (woman's
woolen ~) ben m.
bend: (joint) gene Aj AS. £; (in a road) g’ivane
as lib* f./m.
to bend: (vt.) gemandin jjjLajw vt.; tewandin jjjIjaj
vt.; (vi.) gemin vi.; tewin jjjaj vi.
to bend down (vi.) daqul bun vi.
to bend over (vi.) kHz bHn vi.
beneath bin II jj; j§r Jjj
benediction du c a m./f
benefactor xudanx§r m.; xerxwaz
m.
beneficence: (charity) ifisan f
benefit (advantage, use) feyde oaj J f; menfa'et
f , siHd f
benevolence: xatir ^jU. m./f; (charity) iKsan f
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
benevolent dilovan mihrivan ;
dilrelim dil§ewat
bent: (crooked) gewt o 3 a^; §a§ I jiU
bent over: (stooped over) xtiz
bereaved behidar jIa^aaj; (woman ~ of male relatives)
p’orkur
bereft behidar bep’ar [+ji]; (woman ~ of
mm
male relatives) p’orkur
berry (mulberry) t’ti I ^ f
to beseech xwe av§tin bexte
yeki if qZXs <*p- vt.
mm mm
beside (next to) teni§ta L-SJaj
besides ji ... der j; ji bill ^ j ; xenci
•.
best man §o§man jbjjj in.
bet (wager) mere I f./m.; §ert m./f;
migilge ; rehin j-aoj f
to bet (wager) mere girtin jjvt.; §ert girtin
o»j Vt.
to betake o.s. xwe weranin j^jI JOj / ^ vt.
betrayal bebexti f; nemami ^Laj f;
•• ••
destkisi f ; xiyanet f
• A
betrayer bebext m.
•#
to betroth ni§ana fk-e danin jJb ULaj vt.;
§irani xwarin vt.
betrothal xwezgini I f.
betrothed: dergisti C5 xLfjW(Iesgirti m.&f.; (in
infancy) b§§k’ertim L>
better ba§tir ; getir
hetween di navbera ... da 1 j 1 j; navbeyn
(among) nav III Jib ; ort’a b jp
beverage (sherbet, sweet ~) §erbet J fa
to bewail nalin jJb vi.
bewildered gej $£
bey beg m.;
beyond ji ... weve[tir ^’l^j*** j‘; ji ... der II j<o„. j
bier darbest f
big mezin gir I J\ (huge, horsey) girs ^ J ;
gumreh
bigger mezintir
bile zirav II Jljj m.
bill: (itemized list of charges) Kesab v La^. m.; (beak, of
bird) dim ^ m.; nikil J 5 j m.
billing and cooing qebqeb v <uijas f
billy goat neri I m. \ hevHr! m.
bin (of clay, for storing animal fodder) kewar jlj J"f/^*
to bind giredan jl vt.; (tightly) §idandin jjjIaj:
binoculars dHrbin f
714
English-Kuxdish Vocabulary
biography serhatl f-, jinenlgari /.
• • ••
bird: (small ~) g’Hk I rn./f; (large ~) teyr ^*3 m.;
teyrede 0^^ pl.\ (of prey) lort I f;
bird cage reke aTo j f.
bird's foot trefoil kinerok f
birdseed qflt m./f.
birthday sersal JLja-* f
birthmark xal II JU. f
biscuit biskuwit totik I Jjp f.
bishop (chess piece) fil Jj m.
bit: (of a bridle) bizmik viL-j-> f; gem ^f.\ dizgin
(jJj 3 f; lixab V UJ m./f.] (crumb, particle) hfirik
m.] (small piece) pari m.; -a little bit
• •
Kebeki hinek! fiekeki (Ad); pigek
• • • •
; g’ig’ik II m.
v v — v
bit by bit berebere O j AJO j Aj
bitch: (female dog) delese delik JJj.j f
bite (n.) leq I j«J f; (small piece) gepek Aao£ f.
to bite gestin vt.\ leq dan jta jaJ vt.;
gevizandin ^juI^aT vt.; (of snakes, insects) pe
vedan jlj** ^ vt.
biting (n.) leq I jaJ
bitter tal I Jb
bitter orange narinc ^jb f.
bitterness tall I f
bittersweet miz II
blabber pitepit coo_ f.
blabbermouth zimandir§j jjjjjLj
black (adj.): re§ J^oj] (of dogs) liemis {J ^a^
Black (n.): y@ re§ Jioj £>; 'ereb v oja* m.&f.
black caraway re§ik III dJioj f.
black cumin re§ik III Jb OJ f.
T
black plum Kftlire§k m.; §ilor jj_b f.
blackbellied zikre§ jio^Sj
blackberry dirik Jjj m.; stiri I f./m.\
••
tfire§k j_ 33 - } f
blackbird §altil m.
blackboard depre§ f
blackcock por I f./m.
to blacken (vi.) re§evehatin vi.
blackness re§ayi ^boj f.
blacksmith hesinger ja£1~aj& m.; Kedad j) ja^. j
nalbend jjaJB m.; solbend jJaJj^ m.
bladder mizdan f
blade: (of sword) dev Joj m.; §ilf f; ti I ^
blame (n.) te’n ^aj f./m.
to blame lomandin vt.
to blanch behittn vi.
B
bland: (unseasoned) keli II ^aT
blanket liKef f ; mezer joJb f.
to blast: (vi.) (trumpet) borin I ^ ri.
blaze: (white spot on horse's forehead) be§ II J^aj m.
bleak dir jj
▼
to bleat barin II qjjI> vi k’alin ^JLT vi.; miktn
vi.; galigal kirin vt.
bleating barin II Qjjb f ; mikin (jS* f ; galigal Jldlf
f.
blemish (spot, stain) leke aTaJ f
blending t’ekili C 5 I£j f.
••
blessed bimbarek piroz
blessing du £ a U 3 .J m./f.\ t’iberk f.
blind kor jjf; Kafiz jib
blind man Kafiz jib m.
to blink: (eyes) niqandin I jjjb vt.; gav qig kirin
Jib Vt.
blister peq jaj f.
blizzard bager j*S L f; bakuzirk f./m.;
bami§t f
bloated: -to be ~ betilin qJ^aj vi.
to block (s.o.'s path) pe§iya fk-e girtin ^ J" 444
vt.; pe§i le birin c ^J C 5 ^b. vt.; relegirtin
vt.
to block up (water course) pengandin jj jI^aj vt.;
pe§iya fk-e girtin tfjf ... bjb. vt.;
pe§i 16 birin vt.
■ % v ■
blockage xilxile aLJ^. m.
blocking (obstructing) relegirtin qS j f.
bloke k’abra I^ITm.; zilam m.
blonde gKr II ; kej I jaT; zer I joj; §6
blondness zeri III f.
• •
blood xwtn f.
blood brother destbira m.
blood enemy xwindarjl m.
blood red gevez jas'aT
blood-stained xwindarj)
blood-sucking xwinmij
bloodthirsty xwinmij
bloody xwindarjl
to bloom vebun vi.
blooming ge§ J^aT; ava lib; §§n
to blossom veblin vi.
blossoming ge§ j^aT; ava UU; §§n
blotch: (spot) deq joj f.
blow: (stroke, hit) derb vjo j f./m.; k’otek Ja 5}T/.;
(setback, b. to one’s pride) nekse a-Ja 3 f; (b. with
foot, kick) p’eKin q^aj f; (b. with paw) lep y<J
715
B
f./m.; (b. with stick, dug, cudgel) §iv gomax
^Lj*. m.\ go m./f; (b. with sword) §ur I
m.\ (b. with whip) qamgi m.
to blow: (vi.) (of wind) hatin ^'Ia vi.; (vt.) (cause to
swell) nep’ixandin (jjjlJuAj vt.; werimandin
JO3 Vt.;
to blow on p ’if dan qIj <ju vt.
to blow out of proportion (exaggerate, make mountain
out of molehill) nep’ixandin vt.; me§
kirine game§
•'• Y 1C
V t m
blue [he]§in (light ~) tebesi tXj
• •
blue-eyed [gav]k’esper ja^aC [ JU ]
w • •
blunt (dull, of knives) kuh a^ 5"
blustering (of wind) hufehuf o^aaj^a m./f.
boar beraz jI jaj m.
board: (wooden plank) dep v oj m./f.; t’exte a^-aj m.;
(of wooden fence) derabe aj1 jo j 772 .//.
V
to boast metKet xwe kirin 6^* 3 - oJooa^ vt.;
pesin§ xwe dan ^ £jl~aj vt.; [of] xwe paye
kirin [bi] [ v ] ajL vt.
boastful qure 0^3
boat belem r J a, ke§ti C5 ^aT f ; qeyk J^a* /.
bobbin masur m.
bodkin (pack needle) §ujin /.
body beden II <joJAJ f./m.; gewde oj > 3 *f m.; la§
m.
body hair pirg’ ^ f./m.
bodyguard pi§tmer m •
bohemian mirt’ib 772.
boil (abscess) quner JL»^ f; (in armpit) Keftuzk
f. ; (~on horse's back) cedew ^OJA^- f.
to boil: (vt.) k’elandin <jjj'V aC vt.; (slightly, bring to the
boil) kewitandin vt.; (vi.) k’elin (j-JaC
vi.; ftirin vi.
boiled wheat danu^lj m./pl.
boiling (n.) k’el III JaC f.
boisterous: (rowdy, raving) Keg’
bold aza[d] [j| 1 jb
bolster berp’al JLjaj f
bolt: (door ~) gilmere m./f.;
bolt of lightning §i§a birusk£ f; trusk
d-aqq yj f.
bomb bomb f.
to bomb bomb avetin/-kirin ^jfl vt.
to bombard bomb avetin/~kirin qJ?/ { vt.
bomber: (airplane) bombeavdj jIsbA^j* f.
bond (link) p’evgiredan jJ^o’aj f.
bone hesti m.
277.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
bone doctor cebar II .La^ m.
• ■
bonesetter cebar II .La*, 772.
—' • •
bonfire k’tirme
f*
book k’iteb /.; p’irtKk /.; nivisk /,
boom: (loud noise) gufegur /.
booming (n.) guregur /,
boot (footwear) potin f./m.; sapok m./f;
(trunk of automobile) sindoqa pi§te ligjuu /.
bootmaker solbend jJaJ
• ^
booty cerd I jja?* /.; t’alan ^b m./f; extirme
border sinor m.; t’ixub m./f.; Ked
m.; (of a picture) perwaz jI^jaj f.; (of garment)
p’esir f.;
A -» •• •• y '
to bore (a hole, to pierce) simtin vt.;
qul kirin qjS' Jy> vt.
born: -to be born gebun vi.; hatin dinyae vi.
^Lpj ^Ia; ji dayk ban vi. q&'JlAj j; Xwede
• •
dan vt. jIj P^yda bhn Q& Iajaj vi.;
■ ■
welidin ^.aJ 03 vi.; (of animals) t’ifiqin 0^' vi.
born late (of animals) virni j>J
m ■
to borrow: (money) deyn kirin qJ/q>o^ vt /deyn
standin qjoj vt.; ji fk-e deyn xwestin
Qt aJ •** J y f
bosom: memik m./f; k’o§ f; p’a§il 0 bb /.;
sing m./f
bosom buddy destbira m.
both herdu j aA
to bother: (disturb) te’dari le kirin c y > T vt.;
■ ■ ••
C aciz kirin qJ' vt.; zerandin vt.;
(pick a fight with, attack) berhingari fk-d bhn
vi.
• •
bothering: (disturbance) te’dari f,
• •
bottle §h§e f.
bottom bin I c v m.; binat’ar jbLp /.; bini . ^ jer
Jjj f; (of the sea) bingeh aaCo f.
bough (branch) ta VI It m.; §irtik Js^ /.; §iv /-
boulder Kelan 777.; neKit /./m.; tat I ob
/.; zinar I jbj m./f
to bounce back p’eqin vi.
bound (leap, hop) firqas f.
boundary sinor m.; t’ixflb m./f; Ked
777 .
boundless beKed
••
bounty: (charity) iKsan f.
bouquet baq I qL. 777.; qeft gurz II f /m.
bourgeois (n.) sermayedar jb^Lj^u m.
bow: (arch) kevan qLsaT m./f
716
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
bow and arrow tir ft kevan m./f.
to bow: (vt.) gemandin vt.; tewandin
vt; (vi.) gemin vi.; tewin vi.; (incline
the head) p’ate vedan Jdi tij'b Vt.
to bow down daqul bun Jj^slj vi.
bowels p’iztir pl./t; rov! II f; fir JJt9 S m.
mm
bower (temporary hut, succah) k’epir f.
bowl: t’as ^b f; (for drinking) k’asik JLlff.; (copper,
for drinking) tirar J ^ m.; (large) firaq j f./m.;
zerik I J j0 j f.; (large metal) qfi§xane
(of pipe) serik m./f.
bowman t!rav§j m.
bowstring jih m./f.
box: (chest, container) qut’i f.\ sindoq j^j^
f./m.; sebet f.\ (square, cell [printed page])
malik JJL, f.; (slap, smack) sile f.; §imaq
j'Li f.
boxwood kevot I f.
boy kur II m.; law ^ m.; gede o m.; sebi
mm
m.
boyfriend yar jL m.
bracelet bazin jjb m./f.
brackish §or III ^
to brag metfi§t xwe kirin vt; pesine
xwe dan vt.
braid gull I f./m.; kezi f
to braid hfinan vt.
brain mej! m.; mex
"brains”: (intelligence) aqil Jib m.\ Ki§ J. io- m.
brainwashing mej!§fi§tin
bramble dev! ^y'oj m./f.; dirik Jjj m.; stir! I
•i «•
f./m.; ture§k d^ojj&j f.
bran siv! CJ*" f '
branch ta Vi Lb m.; §ax f./m.; g’iq ja. m.\ g’iqil
Jib. m./f.; guli II f./m.; §irtik Jj f.; §iv oU
€#
f; (bunches of ~es) mal! I f.
brand: (cattle brand) dax £)j f.
to brand: (cattle) dax kirin j vt.; k’ewandin
vt.; so tin vt.; §arandin vt
to brandish Kejandin jjjlj^vt.;
hilanin [^jL* Ja] vt.
bran dust gerik I f.
brass birinc II 2 * 3 ^ m.; sifir I f./m.
brave aza[d] [j]1jl$; cam§r ;
m§rxas ^L.;dellr ; zix I ;
merd jj ^ ; qogax ^-b^'; lok 5 II m.
bravely delirane <\3 o J
B
bravery cam§r! curet 00^ f.; m§rxasi
mm
f.; deliri merani f.;
•• •• «•
merdayi f.; hiner m./f; qogax!
0 0
3 f.
brawl cerenix f.; k’e§mek 5 e§ ji ;
to bray zirin qjjJ vi.
bread nan jb m.; (round ~) kulog 5 £m.; kilor £IT
m.; (flat, round) sewik d 3 <^ f./m.
bread maker nanp§j jlLjU m.
breadth (width) fireh! J f; pehn! II f.
• •
break: (pause, recess) navbiri cSV _J‘b f; (lull, in the
rain ) kevlfi j&dof f.
to break: (vt.) §kenandin ISd vt.; (sever)
p’eritandin jjj bj^vt.; qetandin qju b<\i vt.;
(the silence) t’eribandin >j*s vt.; (vi.) bizdln
vi.; pigan vi. ; qetin vi.;
§kestin vi.; p’eqin q-Jou vi.; (pause,
recess) p’e§kilin vi.
to break away from veqetin vi.
to break off (vt.) (sever) p’ekandin vt.; (vi.)
(come off, be severed) p’ekin q-S^.. v *-> p’eqln
(j-i'aj vi.
to break one’s heart dil §kenandin jjjL ISCi Jj vt.
to break out in/with (disease) derxistin c ^b. J oj vt;
vegirtin J/ 1 *;* vt.
to break the ice (start a conversation) §ekir! §kandin
jo LC-v (j* vt.
■ ■
to break wind (fart) tir kirin vt.
breakfast ta§te f.; nang sibe m.
«• •• ••
breast bertik f.; p’a§il J^L f; p 5 §s!r f->
(woman’s) g’ig’ik d^ m./f; memik d~>*~* m./f;
(~ of nursing woman) bistan jbuo m.
breast-piece: (of harness) berftk dj^jno f.
breath bin I f.; hilm pi* f.; (exhaled “, puff) p’if
i^Jd f.
V
bred (educated) perwerde oJjo^-aj
breeching pal! II f.; palikurtk drj^SZJL f.
breed dol I Jjj f.
breeze: sir I ^ f; (cool summer ~) baye fera§!n
m.
••
brevity kurtayi ^b f.
*•
bribe bertil J^p'j^ m./f; bex§!§ f.; Tu§et
CJ f.
brick k’elpig m.; xi§t II c-ii m .
bridal chamber gerdek Joj f.
bridal veil h§zar j)>1a f; x§l! I f/m.; p§ga
bdk@ . y S& f.
I u 3 • v •• v
bride btlk I d^ f.
717
bridegroom zava U*1 j m.
bride-price next m.; qelen m.
bridewealth qelen <u m .
bridge p’ir I ^ f.
bridle celew I dizgin jJjj f.\ gem ^ f.\
qet’irme ^,^5*5 /.; lixab v bJ m./f.\ hevsar jLJ t ua
m.
to bridle xerandin 1 vt.
briefly bi kurtayi ^b v
••
brigand rebir ^Zj m. \ nijdevan m.\ k’ele§ II
m.; qagax ^U.U m.
brigandage cerd I r§bir! £; t’alan ^b
••
m./t \ nijdevan! /.; k’ele§! ^^* 5 "/.
bright beloq ge§ ; rew§en ; Ton I
/rohn! I (intelligent) bi f§m bi
zihn v ; j!r _^j*; serwext (clear, of
sky) say! I
• i
brightness ge§! ^<0 /; Tew§ J^oj U ronah! I ^bijj
m 4 4 4
f.\ §emal t ; (intelligence) serwext!
«#
f.
brilliance ge§! /.; rew§ ji 3 oj f.\ §emal JL<^ /;
44
§ewq f.
brilliant beloq ^<0; ge§ ; rew§en qoJ^oj ; Ton I
q$j /rohn! I ^a 3 j;
• ■
brine: (saltwater) stiravk /.
to bring anin ^jb/inan vt.; inandin vt.;
fiazir kirin jjU. vt.; weranin ^)jo 3 bjo 3
vt.
to bring back to life (revive, resuscitate) vejandin
vt.; sax kirinve vt.
to bring down: (throw down) dakirin qJ]^ vt.; tot
kirin oj p vt.
to bring forth (produce) anin hold ^Jj^a ^b vt.
to bring to pass p’dkanin ^jb Jbb vt.;
to bring to the boil kewitandin vt.
to bring together p’dkanin ^b eL> vt.;
brinjal bacane Te§ <jioj ^L-b m.
brink qirax ^-1 ^3 /./m.
briny (salty) §or III
bristling bel
broad berfireh jao>j<o; fireh a<>^ i; pehn I
broadcloth qox m.
broad-shouldered navmilfire o j JJb
broad stone: (flat stone) sel m.
broadcast we§!nek 5 /.
broadcasting we§!nek /
brochure nivisk /.; belavok f.
to broil sotin vt.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
broke (out of money) rat 033 j
broken (silence, peace, sleep) §erpeze oj-to
be/get ~ §kestin ^^*£2 vi.
broken in (trained to wear saddle, of horses) nivzini
• • •• •
44
brokenhearted dil§kest!
bronze birinc II ^^ m.; mefreq jo m./f.; §ib
m.
brooding hen kurk 5 I f.
brook cew /.; ga I U. m.; To II }j m.
broom g§zi avlek cibJib /.; bermalk
44
cerivk k’ino§e melk’es
f; sirge (Ad); sivnik sizik
§icing f.\ §irt Io>i (large ~ for
sweeping out stables) siqavdl JlSliL, f!
brothel edebxane f.
4
brother bira I 1 m.; (older b.) kek A&Zm.
brotherhood birat! 1 1 5 ?’-* f
44
brother-in-law [pi. brothers-in-law]: (brother of
woman’s husband) t 5 i II m.\ (husband of one's
44
sister) zava U 1 j m.\ (husbands of two sisters)
bacinax m.\ hevling JsSS+a m.\ (wife's
brother) birajin jjl ^ m.\ bur! m.;
xizm pys in.
brow: (forehead) eni^dj navg’av
f./m.;
ne 5 tik f.
brown qehwey!
•«
brunette kej I j*T; Te§kot opCioj m.
to brush up [against] Tu§andin jj jL^j vt
brushwood qir§ m.
bubble beqbeqok f.
bucket dewl I J 3 oj 'elb /.; satil JjL
helg!n m.\ (large) s!til /.
bucket carrier dewlgi ^ J j0 j m.
buckle avzun /.
buckshot (small shot) sagme f.
buckthorn sine f.
bud bi§koj f.\ (about to bloom) solin II f
buddy heval JU^ua m.&f.
to budge: (vi., move, stir) livin I q-JU vi.; leq!n 0
vi.; lipitin vi .; ji c! Kej!n ^ jvi.;
••
(vt., to cause to ~) livandin vt.; leqandin
jjjiicd vt.; lipitandin vt.;
buffalo game§ m.; (female ~) megame§
/.; medek /]; mange f; (male)
n£regam§§ Jip m.
buffalo calf gedek Jojo//.; sak JL m.
buffoon qe§mer m.; §emo m.
718
4
English-Kuxdish Vocabulary
buffoonery qe§meri AJ
bug: (small insect) k’Szik Jylf f
buggery (derogatory term for homosexuality)
qllneki f.
build: (of one's body = appearance) qelafet oa^a* m.;
qedqamet o^uIsjas f.
to build ava kirin c y / f lib vt.; (stone wall) ;
nijandin vt
building avay! ^ISlS m.; xani m.;
• • •«
xan-man m.
bulging bel Jaj
bulgur savar jU'L m./f
bulk govek Ja^T f
bull ga if m.; box £p m.
bullet berik II u m./f; gule «J^f f
bullfrog qftrqfirok £
bully zurbe ^j m.
bulrush qamir m.
bulwark: (rampart) geper I j a_> a^» f; k’ozik Jjjf f;
senger jaCa-* m.
bum qe§mer ja^a* m.; sakol Jj£U m.
to bump into (to encounter, meet) fast hatin o-lj
vi.; leqayi bun
bunch: qef§ f; qeft ^a* f; (of grapes)
gti§i (armful, while harvesting crops)
desti m.; (of branches, tied together)
mall 1 JL f.
bundle: (bunch) qef§ ^a* f; (parcel) p’eg’ek
f.\ pi§t! I ( m./f.; (of hay) gurz II j J3 f f/m.\ (of
*■
tobacco leaves, etc.) texe A3- Aj> f.
bunny — > see rabbit
bur (cockle bur) quncirk J f.
burden bar I jL m.; barxane AiL.jL f; k’a§ I yiir/.;
pi§t! I m./f.
bureau: (office) nivisxane Aj Uw-oii f.
burglary t’alan m./f.
burgundy:(dark purple color) xemri
burn §ewat f.
to burn (vt.) so tin vt.; $ewitandin vt.;
(~ on the surface, singe) kuzirandin jj^f vt.;
(of the sun) patin ^b vt.; (vi.) (to be burnt)
§ewitin ^^a-s vi.
burnt sot! §ewiti (~ on the surface =
♦« ««
singed) kuziri
burp qilpik dJi f
to burst: (vi.) bizdin ^ vi.; pigan vi.;
qetln vi.; p’eqin v *-> t5e ^ n
B
vi.; terikin I q-Sj+j vi.; (vt.) p’ekandin fu
vt.
to bury binax kirin 7^0 ^ vt.; ve§artin ^jUa*
vt.; miri hilanin [^-objjb] vt.
bush: (shrub) devi m./f.; kem ^aT f.; k’ol III Jjf
f; t’era§ 11^1 m./f.; t’tim m.
"bushed" (tired) re c t II o^-oj
%
business k’ar II jlfm./f; 'emal JLa* m./f;
danllstandin f; (keeping o.s. occupied)
mijfllahi f.
businessman bazirgan jlfjb m.
bustard bet oaj f
busy mijfil
busybody t’ewt’ewe oja^a;
but 1£ I p) ; l£bel£ a^; bes I ^aj
•• • • •• ^
butcher go§tfiro§ m.
butcher shop qesebxane L?tJ <W? A 3 f.
butcher’s knife (meat cleaver) sat’or I jp L f
butt qiin c j a5 i f; kovik f.; pind f; poz II -Si
f .; -cigarette ~ qotmok f
butter niv!§k J-^43 m.; rhn m.
to butter up (flatter, ingratiate o.s.) xwe §!rin kirin
QjS* (j J-p op-Vt.
butterfly belantik f; firfirok J3JP f;
p’irp’irok f
butting: (strike with horns/antlers) givt f
button bi§koj f; mevok f; qumge a
f.
buttonhole bi§kov f.; xulbok f
to buy k 5 irin vt.; standin vf.
buyer bik 5 irgi m.
•• ^ «*
buzzing vinge-ving a£j f .; gimin f
by di ... Ta j ; pe I (agent) ji aliy£ ... ve
A3**. j; ji terefe j; bi dest§ fk-§
•• -•
*.*cr-^
by force bi dar§ zor6 fejp v
•• »«
by God wellah
by Jove wellah aYJoj
by means of p6 I ^
719
c
cabbage k’elem I ^.aJaT f./m.
cabinet (cupboard) dolab I f.
cadaver cendek JojJa=w m .; cinyaz jL^. m.; kele§ I
aT m./£; le§ ^aJ in.; meyt 5 ^ a. m.; term
m.; berat’e *3\j *u f.
caftan xeftan jCiAS. m.
cage qefes ^ AS A3 £; (bird ') reke aToj £
cake: (uni >avened) kulog 5 m.\ kilor jj^ifm.; (flat,
round; sewik f./m.; (flat ~ eaten at Yezidi
festival) t’iberk Jjaj £; (c.-like pastry, mixed with
grape syrup) qawit 0U3I3 f./m.
calamity bela I Y*.-?; b§t’ar jUIj m.; oyin f.
calculation fiesab v Las. m.
calf: (new born bovine) golik 4 J m./f.; (one-year-old
bovine) mozik I m.\ k’endik .JjjaT m.;
malok rn.&f.; (young ox) conega l 5 a^ m.;
mozik I m.\ (buffalo ~) gedek JojaT£; sak
JL m.; (of leg) belek II JJa m.; boqil 0 U^; gim
I ^ m.\ paq jL f./m.
call: (~ for help) hawar jl^l* f.
to call gazi kirin f vt.; bang kirin vt.;
deng le kirin qJ' £_J Jjoj vt.; (to name) nav
[l§]kirin Jb vt.
to call on (visit, a sick person) saxti kirin ^
• •
vt.
callous (rough) p’arsil-qalim pJ b" «<_j b
callus: (swelling on the band or foot) deq qoj f.
calm (adj.) Tibet tena I ; hesa Ll a;
firSqet ; (n.) hedan jl jaa £; sekin b
hedan ^Ijaa 3 ^ 54 *, f.; tenahi £
• •
to calm: (console) ber dile fk-e hatin ja;
• •
a§t kirin vt.; bewandin jjjljA^. vt.;
'edilandin vt.
to calm down (vi.): be whan jlfcjA^. vi.; tebet
sekinin oa>oj vi.; bena fk-e fireh bbn
(J53-? ♦ • ♦ b-o vi.
to calumniate §eT av§tin ser ;<u ^Isb ja^; vt.
calumny: (slander, libel) 'ewani ^1 3 ap £; §ilt’ax
f.; altaxi ^Ub f.
«t
camel be§tir m.; deve as 0 j f./m.; (male ~) lok’
II m.; (young -) torim ^ m.&f. ; khdik
f./m.; k’ogek jAa-^Y m.;
cameleer he§tirvan jU^ jUaa m.; serwan m.
camelherd he§tirvan jli _^aa m.; serwan m.
camel thorn (thistle, Alhagi maurorum ) k’erbe§
f
camisado: (surprise night attack) §ebeyxbn Aj a^ i!
camomile beybbn f.
camouflage te’lde oa!pa 3‘ m./f.
camp zome A*jj f.
campaign sefer f.
campfire k’urme a^ jaSf.
can: (be able) karin Qjjlf vt.; §iyan qLj: vt./vi.; pe
?ebun W.
• » • •
canal oft If; kendav oIjjaT f./m.; (subterranean)
k’arez jbjb" f.; serdab ^ J J d*44/ ^
cancer: (sign of zodiac) kevjal J1j£aT£
candidate berendam m.; berbijar; namzet;
navkiri
candle: find a-ls m.; (wax ~) §ema La^ f ; mftm ^ f;
§emal JLa- 2 f.
candlestick findank £
candor dilp’aqiji £
•«
candy §ekrok II; §irani £
••
cane gomax m -> (reed) leven qasaJ m.;
qaml§ j. m.
Canicula: (Dog Star, Sirius) gelav^j jI^YIaT £
canine tooth kilb c^ITm.
cannon t’op II y^>' £
cannoneer t’opavej Jbi'bjb' m.; t’opgi m.
• •
canvas gar§ev <Ja^jU. £.
canyon dergeli ^aTjoj m.; derteng JoaJjoj £;
dol II Jjj f; geboz j^aT£; geli II ^aT m.;
zer II joj £; zang Xlj £/m.; newal J1 ja3 £
cap (small hat) k’umik cJ-^Ym.; kulav J»'^Tm.
capable jehati
••
capacity: -in the capacity of besab§^LA^
• •
capitalist (n.) sermayedar jIjajLja-*, m.
to capitulate hatin Tae vi.
»•
capitulation Ta II 1 j £
Capricorn karik Jjb" m.
captive (n.): girti m.; dil Jj j m.; hesir I ^-^4^ nl •
captivity dill L5 Lo £
«•
capture t’alan jblb m./f.
720
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
C
to capture girtin (y J* vt.; vegirtin <yvt.; (booty)
t’alan kirin ^ vt.; inandin jjjL-J vt.
car trimb§l ^ f.
carafe gumgum m./f.
caravan k’arvan jli'jlT/k’arwan m.;
bazirgan jlf^jb m.; (nomadic migration) revend
jJaSoj m.; k’og ll ^ f./m.
caravan leader bazirganba§i m.
• •
caravanserai xan I jU. /.
caraway : -black “ re§ik III J f.
carcass le§ jIaJ m.
card: (playing ~) p’efik Jjaj f./m.
cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus , wild artichoke) kereng
«J 5 ojaT m./f.
care: (worry) cefa Ua^ m.; k’eder jojaT k’erb VJ ^r
/.; k’eser ja^aT kovan jlsjTkul I m./f;
§ayi§ jjiwo.U f./pl. ; tatel Jjjb /.; xem p.AS /; xiyal
JLi /.; t’efekftri /!; (attention) ‘ezet-
»*
qulix ; (looking after, taking care of)
miqati ^‘Ul. f; sexberi t’imar jL-j /.
A« ■ ■
to care for: (take care of, look after) hay je hebun
fej vi.; t’imar kirin qJ' jL-j vt.
•• »■
carefree betal Jb a ; bexem xemsar jL^>aS.;
) ♦♦
t’ewekel JaToja?
carefreeness bexemi ^aS^j f
•• ••
careful (cautious) fesal JLa* ; miqat 0 Ul.
carefully (cautiously) fesal JLa*
careless xemsar jL^a^; t’ewekel JaS^aj
carelessness xemsari ^L^Ai. f.
to caress miz dan vt.; perixandin jjjU-jAj vt.
caretaker sexbSr m.&f.
caring for (nursing, treatment) miqati ^'Ul. f; sexberi
t’imar jL-J £;
carnation qerefil 0 LiojA* /.
carob xerntlf O 33 J j *s. f.
carpenter xerat oIjAi m.
carpet: xalige mehfhr f; (pileless)
ber IV ^ cacim -.a-L. /.; gelt k’ilim
p-JT/.; mer§ jijA* m.; *p’alas; tej II j« 0 ‘ m.; tejik I
JjaJ m.; cil IIJo. /.; (of coarse wool) ; (wall-to-wall)
kombar jL^yTm.
carriage kar§t ^ZjS'f.; (bearing, personal appearance)
qedqamet 0 » A«* li J A? f.
carrion le§ j^aJ m.
carrot giz@r m./f
to carry birin vt.; (a burden) hilgirtin vt.;
to carry across derbaz kirin qJ/ jLjoj vt.
to carry away (of rivers, seas) foda birin bjj vt.
to carry on: (continue) domandin (jjjLjp vt.
to carry out me§andin ^ajUa.® vt.; bi f§ ve birin
qjj a vt.; p’Skanin yj\5 <JZj vt.; qedandin
jjjljAs vt.; (a task) §ert anin ^Uojaj: vt.
cart-horse me’negi ^a^a* f.
• 9
cartridge belt Text m./f.; -to put on a ~ bejna
xwe giredan <>jp- bj*A> vt.
to carve t’era§tin vt.
casanova tolaz m.
cascade (small waterfall) §iler jA. i §irav Jrt §!p
f./m.
• • t«
cash: (money) p’ere I ojaj. pl./m.
to cast avetin vt.
to cast lots pe§k avetin (jZ&S vt.
to cast the evil eye nezer ji fk-e
girtin ... J jo Ja 3 Vt.
caste t’ayfe AA»b‘ f.
castle birc ^ kela 'VaT qesr ^aa (in chess)
rex II j>oj f.
casualty birindar j\ m.
cat p’isik f.\ k’itik II f./m
catamite (passive homosexual) Kiz m.
catapult helekan f.
cataracts: (in eyes) ava spi f; p 5 erda g’e’va
IftPA^- 1 J 1 AJ f.
<•
i ■
catarrh persiv J^ja; m./f.; sat’ircem ^a^^’L f.
catastrophe bela I nishfeti ^'a^j f.
to catch girtin (_pJf vt.; p’esir girtin ^Z .j vt ;
zeft kirin vt.; (a disease) p§ k 5 etin
qj-aT^ vi.; vegirtin ^^3 vt.
to catch fire agir k’etin ^ aT ^Sts vi.; hilbhn
vi.\ vek’etin vi.
to catch hold of p’esir girtin ^JS j vt.
{0 catch sight of qi§irandin qajI vt.
to catch up with dan ser jA~j 1 j vt.
catching: (contagious) sari II
••
caterpillar ma§ot opL f.
cattle t’ari§ job m.; gavri gare§
• •
dewar jIjoj m.
cattle plague qir II j f.
caught: (stuck) as§
•»
cauldron bero§ (jijjAj /.; di§t /./m.;
mencel Jaj*3a^ sitil /.
cauliflower k’elem I ^aJaT /./m.
721
c
cause eger II jaSa5 £; sebeb J ijf f./m.; sedem p O J
£; £; me’na L*a^> f; neynesl ^a-uaj £;
••
(occasion, grounds for) hencet oA^bb* £
to cause: (s.o. to do stg.) dan I Ft. + inf.
to cauterize k'ewandin ^aj^aT vt .; §arandin jjjljli
Ft.
cautious (careful) fesal JLas; miqat obL,
cautiously (carefully) fesal
cave §keft ^9 a$a: £; mixare OJ Uu. £.; ziving Jfjj £
cavern §keft oJaSa: £.; mixare ojU^ £
to cease ji ... rabun ♦♦♦ j vi.; t’erkandin
vt dev j& berdan qIjjaj ^ Joj vt.;
•«
qeran jljAj vt./vi.; dest j§
k 5 i§andin o—oJFt.; hi§tin qa-aa Ft.;
« •
(rain) vedan jljAj vt.
cease-fire §erragirtin £; §errawestin
_JJAA
cedar wurz £
to cede: (yield, give in) daxwarin jjhpdj vt.
celebration cejin £; de’wat m./£ dilan
f -; §ayi 1 cjf.Li f.
« «
cell: (box, square [printed page]) malik JUl* £
cellar (basement) serdab v 1jja^, £; zerzemin
£.; padval JUjL £
cemetery goristan jf £; t’irb v _^>' £; (Christian ~)
gort ojjfm. (Urm)
censure te’n ^<0 f./m.
cent (penny) qurfi§ m.
center naverast o-b^sb f; niv[i JYj f./m.; nav II «Jb
••
f./m.; ort’e 00 jp £.; (community ~) navend jJAsb £;
*melbend; -at the ~ of nav III <Jb
centipede §eye mar jL ^.aa m.
central navin
century sedsal JLja^, £; gerx ^ja^. £/m.
cereal: (grain) zad j)j m.\ dexl m.
cerement gar§ev J'Ahjbw £; k’efen jAjAfm.
certain: (sure) misoger ; pi§trast £qin
c j-Jil5/yeqIn ^aj ; biste
certainly helbet yeqln
certainty yeqin ^Saj £
chador gadir jjU- £; garik a! jLv f./m.; gar§ev
J»aajU. £; p’erde 0 jj«u £; p@ge aj^ £
chaff: (discarded rice ~) belim a; £
chain: zincir j £; (line) r£z I pj £; fezil JjJj £;
(necklace) t’oq m.; (gold or silver neckchain)
beni II ^aj m.; (series, e.g., of events) p 5 £l Jl> £;
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
(small silver ~ as ornament on horse’s bridle) ri§me
j Z73 -
to chain up qeyd kirin qJ' ajaj Ft.
chains (fetters) qeyd aj a* £; zincir £
chair k’ursi f./m.
••
chairman serk’ar m.
Chaldean (Christian minority of Kurdistan) file <Ui
m.&£; mexln m.
chamber (room) ode 0 jp £; mezel JoJa-o ot 5 ax
£
1 £
chameleon xemegurl £
champion leheng cCaaaJ m.\ p’elewan m.
chance: (luck) bext m.\ siHd
(opportunity) delive aaJoj £; derfet oAijoJ £;
fesal JLa 9 £; firset O* Ap 4 V ^3 f; kevia jjJSaT£; k’§s
£; mecal mefer jAi a-* f.
change: (of clothes) bedilg’ek f/m.;
ber§oi-ijAj f; (small ~, petty cash) hiirik m.\
p’erd hhr ^jaj m.
to change: (vt.) guhartin ^JjLa^T Ft.; guhastin
Ft.; bedel kirin q^TJojaj Ft.; degi§ kirin
qP'juSoj Ft; (vi.) hatin guhartin ^'bb vi.;
ferq kirin c y > T jjAi Ft.
to change one's mind l£vebftn y J vi.
to change the subject j£vebftn vi.
channel: (of river) cewj^ f.\ cH I £
Chanukah -> see Hanukah.
chaos k’eft H left oJaJ 3 o^aT £; k’af-k’fin c j 35 b olT
f; hose A^jjb £; geremol J^ojaT f.
chaotic p 5 eri§an qIaj^aj
chap (man, fellow) k’abra 1 ^ITm.; zilam p^j m.
chaplet t’izbl m./f.
••
chapter §ax ^-U f./m.
character: (personality) exlaq q^-aj m.;
t’ebl’et O Ajco Aj f./m.; xeyset m . ;
• • • ••
(strength of c.) kesaneti ^ajLaS "£
••
characteristic (n.): (trait) taybetmendi p ^ £ b>J Ij -/• j
xeyset o-ujAi m.; t’ebl'et O AjU_1 t\'i f./m.;
sifet oajL v m.; kat olTf
charcoal Teji ^oj £
charge: (onslaught, as "of the light brigade") rik’eb f
to charge: (a fee, for services rendered) heq§ xwe
standin ^'aa Ft.
• •
to charge at (rush upon) rik’eb kirin ^ZSj vt.
charitable dilrehm
charity: (benevolence) IKsan f; sedeqe ajoja^
f; ge§t cJ aT f; deroze £; p’ars ^jb £
Ft.
722
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
charlatan gelac m.
charm: nivi§t £; t’iberk £; t’ilism
£/m.) (amulet around waist) berbejn
(enchanting quality) delali ^'Voj f.
charming delal I J^oj ; k’ele§ III
chase: (hunting) n§g’ir £.; rav I <J1j seyd Jo
f./m.; §ikar jlSi /.
to chase: qewrandin I <jjJ 1 jjA 3 vt.; qewtandin
vt.; (be at s.o.'s heels) asS kirin jX
vt.
to chase away (drive away) revandin qjjUVj vf.
chasm zer II j 0j f.
chat suiibet f.
to chat suiibet kirin vf.;
chattels (of the poor) sit’ar f.
chatter: (idle talk, gossip) pitepit f; galegurt
ejjuf+Jlf f; galigal Jldt f f.\ kurt u pist
£
chattering: (of teeth) qirg’e-qirg’ f.
cheap erzan j«*j
cheapness erzanl (j>)jjdJ f.
to cheat (fool, deceive) xapandin qjjLU. vt;
lebandin ^jjLiJ yf.; di serda birin 1 jj*~j
yf.
cheated: to be ~ l£byan <jLJj vf; xapin ^U. vi.
cheating (n.) qelpi ^*3 t 5 e§qele <d*Ju<u £; xap
£
v
to check out: (inspect, examine) seh kirin yf.;
saxti kirin qX vf.
to check up on t’eself kirin qX *s vt.
checkers: (game) dame *-1 j f.
checking (n.) (examining) saxti C5 ^L £; t’eseli ^+*,*3
• • • •
f.
cheek alek £; hinarik JjLa £; d§m II
f./rn.; rd m.; sdret oo^ m.\ (inside of ~) gup
£.; lame f.
cheekbone hinarik JjU* £
cheeky: (impertinent) Kur
cheese: penir m.; (type of ~ made of curds) golik
II m.\ (dried ~ rolled into balls) gortan
pi; k 5 e§k m./f.; (type of creamy ~)
toraq jg £
chef a$p§j in.
cherry: g§laz qeresi £; (sour cherry)
belaldk £; (cornelian ~) helhelok
oiJjJ Ajb f.
cherub kertibi m.
JLixT pi
i r*
chest: ( anat .) sing m./f; bertik £; depa
sing JX boj; p 5 a§il £; p’Ssir £; (organs
of chest cavity) hinav JU m.; (box, container)
qut’i ^^3 sindoq f./m.
chest cavity p’dsir £
*/ A •• y
chestnut (adj.) (horse's coloring) §§ ^
• •
to chew ctitin yf.; kotin qjjX vt.; kurisandin I
jjjL jX vt.
chewing gum beni§t m.
chic ke§xe
chick cticik m./f.; c’elik dJ**. m.\ varik
JjU f.
chicken miri§k /!; tdtik (female ~)
varik JjU /.
chicken coop pin I q^ v f.
chicken pox mirkut f.
chick-peas nok Jp m./f.; alinok m.\
chicory tali§k JjlJIj /.
chief: mezin m.\ serek J 0j <^ m.\ serk’ar jlT;^
m.\ serok m.; serwer m.; -village c.
k’eya m.\ k’ewxwe m.\ muxtar jb^-.
m.
chief editor sernivisk’ar jls m.&/.
chieftain (fifie) mir I m.
child zaro[k] m./f.; g’tig’ik I m.; kur
II law jV i?i.; ewled j-Jja? m.; pig’tik
*
t’ifalJUi- f./m.; *mindal JIjj-* m.&£\
(male ~) gede oj^f m.; sebi ^«u m.; of servant
• •
xulamkole m.&f.
childbed zestani ^Lx-Jj /
childhood zaroti j g’ilg’ikti (^> 55 ^
pig’Hkayi £; *mindalti /.
childishness g’ug’ikti /.
childless beweg ^o^;bezuret b@ dflnde
ojj^j rical JU»j; (of animals) stewir ; (of
married couple) warkor jjSjb
childlessness b§zureti
children (pi. of child) 'eyal JLa& m./f.; pig 5 Hk
pi .; zav-zeg «J 1 j ; k’ulfet oaaJ^T f; zuret II
OOJJJ f.
chill (shudder) teviz I f.
chimney pix§rik f.
chin geng II erzen jojj «\5 £; argfl§k
china (porcelain) ferfdr m./£
723
c
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
chinaware ferffir j^jas m./f.
chips: (shavings) qir§ p m.; qa§il J UU m./f; teli§ I
m.
chirping: (of birds) g’ivte-g’ivt f.
chirring: (of crickets) girke-girk J^aT^- f./m.
• •
chisel (auger, gimlet) mikare ojl£ m.
chives sirim f
choice (adj. ) : (select[ed]) bijare ojljj
to choke (vi.) xeniqin ^JiiAi. vi.; (vt.) xeniqandin
v?.; fetisandin jjjLjAj vt.
cholera e§a fe§ jio j bJo
to choose bijartin I qz jI jj vt.; hilbijartin
vt/, jSgirtin vt.;'e cibandin jjjL^A* vt.;
«• ^
begem kirin j^TpATAj vt.
to chop: (finely) hincinin vt.; htir kirin
vt.
to chop off jekirin vt.; wefandin II jjj)joj vt.;
p’ekandin jjjlTAj vt. -to ~ s.o.'s head
serjekirinj^SojjA-./§erjekirin vt.
chosen: (selected]) bijare oj)p
Christian file a1 3 m.&f.
Christianity filet! aJj f.
chuckle p’irqin f.
chuckling p’irqin f.
chum heval JUaa m.&f.
chunk (large piece) loq I m./f.
church der j j f
churn: k’il III J f m./f.; (made of animal skin) me§k
Jj.** f.; 'eyar jLap m.; 'eyar§irk Jj^jLap f/,
(made of wood) sirstim f/, (made of clay)
xintisi
• •
to churn (butter) k’ilan vt.
chute (on a mill) §ip f./m.
cicada kuli [
cigarette cigare ojlSL f.; bagik f.
cigarette butt qotmok Jpjp f.
cinnamon dargin f
circle: xelek -JaJa^ £; oik I jUp f ; bazin jjL m./f/,
t’oq (jp m .; (sphere) govek -Ja^T f; (orbit) ger II
j«ff.
V
circular (adj.): (round) giroveT > 5 /
circular (n.): (pamphlet, flyer) belavok f
to circumambulate gar rexi ft-f
geran ... ^ OJ jU
circumcision: (festivity) cejin /.
circumference gar rex s-o j jU. f./pl.
circumflex ( A ) k’umik
circumstances dest il dar jb 3 c~*o j m/, rew§ jpoj f;
Kal JL. m.; Kewal JI^a^ m.; kawdan pi.;
mere I f./m.
cistern k’tip v ^Tm.
city bajar j1j‘L> m.; §eher jaaa^j m.; hey§et O Ajju tUfc £
city dweller bajari m.
city wall stir I f.
civil servant me’mtir m.; k’arbidest o^oj^jlf
m/, Tayedar jIjajIj m.&f.
civil war: §ere birakujiye fajP1 _>j £ja£
civilization medeniyet oa^ oj<u f;
§arsaniyet Q J L-w f .
claim tdVa. U/!
€ • • •
to claim (allege) idi c a kirin q^TU ipSvt.
to clamber up fap’elikin vi.;
clan icax f; oeax f./m.
clanging (n.): (of bells) zingezing JjjaSjj f.
clanking (n.): §ingin f.
to clap: (applaud) g’epik dan vt.
to clarify §iro vekirin jLb vt.; bi serda birin
!j j£ w vt.; t§gihandin vt.
clarity Tonahi I ^Ujj f; zelali ^^oj f.
••
class: (social ~) gin f./m.; (in school) dersxane
a 3 ISt-v jo J f.
classroom dersxane Aj lst 44 / JO J f.
claw geng I <Jj a^ f; lep v aJ f./m.
clay Keri ^a^. f ; teqin qSaj f
•»
clay jar k’tip m.
clay jug k’tip VJ ^m.; (water jug) sewil J^ja-. m.
clay pitcher : (wide-mouthed) k’tip m.
clay pot diz pj f.; hincan m.
clean p’ak JL; p’aqij jj»L; t’emiz >«,a>
to clean p’aqij kirin <jjf vt.; mali§tin vt.;
vemali§tin ^jULas' vt.
cleaning (n.) p’aqiji f
cleanliness p’aki f ; p’aqiji f ; t’emizi
«« ••
^j-«Aj f
^ •• _ -
clear: safi ^yL; say! I yL; (obvious) a§kere ojaS^u;
beM^Aj; ’eyan ^La* ; k’if§ xan§
• •
(limpid) zelal J^oj ; Ton I ^j /rohni I ^yjbjj; (of
water) beraq jaj; (of sky) g’ik-sayi yLdL. ; (of
•• .
path, road, etc.) serbest c~*a>ja«, ; -to become c. (to
turn out, become evident) derketin
hole pip* vi.
••
to clear (the table) sifre hilanin
clearing (glade) t’ti§ I f.
7 24
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
C
cleaver (meat ", butcher's knife) sat’or I jprL f
cleft (adj./pp.): -to be ~ in half/two §iqitin vi.
cleft (n.): (crack) derz Jjoj f; qeligtek Ja^a f;
terk I f; ti§ I
cjW f*
clever aqiljir aqilmend ; aqiltij
ju^UU; bi zihn j§hati geleng
JjaJap ; zix I serwext oo»ajj A~;(shrewd,
cunning) §eytan ^Ioa^ ; pig ^
cleverness gelengi aJa*. serwexti f;
•• ■■
(cunning) finaz jUi m./f
cliff zinar I jbj m./f .; zang Jjlj f./m.; kendal
JljjATm.; qeya Las f; §ax f./m.; tat I ob f
climate hewa A* f
to climb hilk’igin vi .; derk’etin qjaS^oj vf;
serk’etin qJaT,a~ vi.; quloz bdn jjjy vf;
rap’elikin q^£IaJj vi.; (** to the top) xwe dan
feze (jl^ vf.
to climb down §iqitin vi.
to clip meqes kirin j^T^ASA^ vf.; (of trees)
k’ezaxtin vf.
clitoris gilik «JLLf*f.; zilikJJjj f
cloak: (aba) ’eba Lap f; (shepherd's felt ") k’epenek
.jAiAj Afm.; (fur-lined, long) k’urk’ II ^ J3 f m.
clock sa c et o^L f.
clod gumtil Jj p’erge a^aj m./f.
close (to): (near) nezik LLj^b; (intimate, of friends)
biste
to close girtin qj j?vt.; daxistin vt.; (one's
eyes) migandin vt.; damirandin jjjl
vt.
closed girt! ^ J*
closeness (nearness) nezikayi f
»•
closet dolab I f
cloth: quma§ jtLy m.; caw jL. m.; k’efl ^aT f;
#♦
p’erge a^jaj m./f.; pertal JLjaj m.; (coarse ~)
gox m.; cang JjL. m.; p’ag’ II ^-L m.\ (for
wrapping a bundle) buxgik (ground ~)
mezer f; (silken ~) meles ^aJa^ f; (small
piece of ~) p’ate II a^L m.; perok JjjAj m.; (for
wrapping bandage) teri§ m.
clothes cil f./pl.; k’inc gSm.; g’ek Ja> m./f;
libs in.; (of the poor) sit’ar f .;
(Sunday best) rihal JL.j f;
clothing cil Jo- f./pl.; k’inc gSm.; g’ek Ja> m./f;
libs m.; (of the poor) sit’ar jL f;
(Sunday best) filial JL.j f
cloud 'ewr ^ap f./m.; (storm ~) hecac ^L.a a f;
p’elte aJaj f; t’elp <_Ja3 ‘ m.
cloudburst tavi ^y'L f
«»
cloudless (clear, of sky) sayi I
♦ v
cloudy (of water) §elo jpLi
clove qerefil J^ja* f
clover nefel Ja 3 a: f; ket oa f m./f
clown qegmer ja^aS m.; §emo j_*a£ m.
clowning qe§meri ^a^as f
club: (mace) gurz I jj/m.; hiwez! m.; (stick)
gomax 277 -5 §iv f; cinifi m.;
metreq qo ; (wooden) §ivdar f; (golf-)
gogan m.
clubs (in card games) sinek Jaa. f ; ispati m.
♦*
clump gumtil Ja-o^T m.
clumsy destgiran giran I
cluster: gumtil J^Tm.; (of grapes) gu§i m.
coach (carriage) karet objlT f
to coagulate mehin II ^aa* vi.
coal Teji ^joj f.
• «
coalition hevalbendi ^jjaJU'aa f;
coarse qalin ^Jb ; stdr J3 ^; xam pL.; (rough) zivir
Jij ; p’arsu-qalim pJL j^jL
coarseness qalini C5 Jb f; sturi f
»• i<
coast: (shore) p’erav oIjaj f; lev ^JCJ f
coat (overcoat) hewran I jljjAA m.; qap’ut
f./m.; qerpal JLja3 m.; (long, fur-lined) k’urk’ II
J m.
to coat (plaster) dutin vt.; seyandin jjjLA*, vt.;
sewax kirin 6 -^^ vt '* (^ ase metal with gold)
tamandin jjjLb vt.
coat of mail (armor) Text o^-oj m./f; zirx f.
cobbler k’o§kar m. , p megi ^ acu m.^
solbend jjaJj- m.
cobweb t’evn rp'Ai' m./f; t’evnpxrk f
coccyx kileji ^liTm.; qarg’ik LL-jb f
cock: (rooster) dik JL j m.
cockerel g’et m.; §eluf o^Ja^ m.
cockle bur quncirk Jf.
cockroach sisirk f
cock's comb §ehe dik LL j^a: m.
#•
coerced negar jL-a;; mecbdr ; pdwist
coffee qawe oj,b f
coffee break (mid-morning) qeretftn c j 2 yo J Ai f
coffee cup ffncan f
coffee pot cimcime I a^o^ m.
coffer sindoq f./m.
725
c
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
coffin sindirik f.
to cogitate (to think) hizir kirin qJ' jjJt vt.; fikirin
vi.; Taman I jUj vi.
coherent hevgirti
cohesive hevgirti
«•
coin pol Jjj m.; polik I JJp f; (small ~) qurft§
m.; §eyi m.; t’ek /.
to coincide [with! rekk’etin qJaTLIjj vi.; li hev hatin
q 3 [A J VI.
colander (strainer) mifsik JLjL, /.
cold (adj.) sar jL; (severe, bleak) dir jj; -to be cold
cemidin vi.; qerisin vi.;
cold (n.) (catarrh, common ~) persiv m./f.;
sat’ircem £; (cold weather) serma Lj<u* /.;
sir I £/sur I /.; qir I a sari I
-to catch a ~ sat’ircemi bun vi.
coldness sari I £
collaborator ceh§ m.; destkis m.&f.;
xwefiro§ m.
collaboration destkisi , £
Lp ••
to collapse (vi.) hilwegin vi.; §ihitin
vi.; tot biin c j 53 _>opvi.
collar berstu J Aj £ 5 girivan jU^Tm.; p’esir
£; pisto jjh*o /.; yax ^>1 £
to collar p’esir girtin qj J* vt.
colleague hevk’ar jlS 3 «u& m.&f.
to collect: (vt.) berhev kirin civandin
jjoU=w vt.; k’om kirin vt.; t 5 op
kirin (j/wp vt.; xir ve kirin jA"A ^ vt.
collection berhevok £
collector berevker j<xS 3 oj <u m.
college *dibistan /.; xwendegeha bilind
A-Jj Lfc<x5ow\j £
to collide: -to cause to ~ qelibandin ^jjU^ vt.
collision de’m II p_&oj £
collyrium kil I JT m./f.
colonization k’edxwari f.
colonizer dagirker jaT^SIj m.; k’edxwar
colonizing (adj.) k’edxwar
color Teng j 5 o j m.; gon I Q$f m.
colorful belek I
colostrum firo m.; zak J)j m.
colt cani ^U. £; k’urik m.; (3 year old) berzin
I (sJjAj m.; (4 year old) nuzin qij&j m.
column (row) ref II joj f./m.; (pillar) sttin /.
comb §eh m.\ (metal c. for tightening threads on a
loom) hepik LLaj* m.
to comb §eh kirin vt.;
combatant (warrior) §ervan m.; teko§er jaJ$S 2 j
m.
combe dol II JjA f.
combing (horse) t’imar jL-j f.
to come hatin qjIa vi.; werin I vi.; (ejaculate)
xira btin ^ vi
to come about (occur) p’Skhatin qjIa Jp vi.
to come back vegerin ^ j vi.; zivirfn vi.;
fetilxn vi.
to come back to life (lit. & fig.) hatin ser reng§ xwe
qjL* vi.; vejin vi.
to come down (be lowered) nizm btin ^ 35 -jpjH vi.
to come down with (disease) derxistin vt.;
vegirtin
to come off (be severed) p’ekin q-S *.j vi.; p’eqin
vi -
come on! de I 0 j ; hela I k’ani II
to come out: derk’etin QSafjoj vi.; derhatin ^jjLajoj
vi.; (of publications) dergun vi.
to come to an agreement qima xwe
anin La vt.
to come to blows bi hev ghn c j a5 a. v vi.
to come to light (appear) t’ifiqin vi.; xuyan I
0 ^ 3 ^- vi.
to come to one's senses serxweda hatin
vi.; varqilin vi.
to come together (meet) gihigtin hev vi.
to come undone p’ekin vi.
to come up (the sun) hilhatin vi.
comedian henekvan jLsLiAA m.; qe§mer m.;
comedy qe§meri A3 /,
••
comfort reheti f\ (solace) t 5 eseli f.
•• ••
comfortable rihet
comforting (n.) (upon s.o.'s death) serxwe§i
taziye /.
comings and goings ghyin-hatin qjIa /.
command (order) emir I m.; ferman jLjdi /.;
ferwar II P 3 J a 3 /.; Kuk’um pAjp- qirar jlA
m./f.; (guidance) serweri f
*•
commander fermandar j) m.; qumandar
jIjjLa m.; serwer m.
commander-in-chief serfermandar J m-
commanding (adj.) zordest
commandment t’emx ^*3 f.
comment t§bini , f.
t, J •• • ••
commerce danhstandin f; bazirgani
726
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to commission (order, e.g., clothing from tailor)
fesilandin vf.
to commit (c. a reprehensible act) yeke net’e kirin
qjT aSaj vf.; (hand over, deliver) spartin
vf.
committing (n.) t’eslim p-J-^dJ m.
common (shared) hevbe§ m.; (vulgar)
sttir -to become ~ (=often heard) rHni§tin
vi.; cihe xwe girtin J?^ ^ vt.
••
common cold persiv u m./f.; sat’ircem p^^’L
f.
commotion k’eft ft left oj<J o^dT/.; hose /.;
qerqe§fln II A 3 j A 3 ; t’evdan ^jlwxjdj f.;
qerebalix ^JLojaj f.
to communicate ragihandin 1/1 _> vt.
communication ragihandin j f.
community: ; (~ of Islam) omet o^Jh f
companion olda§ jiljJjj m.; heval JU'dja m.&f\;
hogir J$jt m.\ hevbe§ a Jb TTJ • ; hevp’ar jLJaa
m.
company: (mil., group of 100 soldiers) sedmer
f
to compare dan ber hev
compared to/with himberi
»•
comparison qiyas f.
compass: (pair of ~es) p’ergal II Jl f.
compassion dilovani /.; dilrelimi f
compassionate dilovan jUgJj; dilrelim p^Jj;
dil§ewat
compatriot hemwelati m.
compelled negar jL«u; mecbtir
compensation: (monetary) cirm /; xerc m./f.
to compete [with] k’etin lec§^.<J qj dT f.\ hevra
k’etin rik’£b§ '->*** v *-
••
competence raye I «u1j
competition: (race) lec £*J i!;ber§kane
*pe§bazin; rik’Sb v r 45^ /.; (rivalry) hevriki
••
competitor hevrik J m.&f.; neyar jb«u m.
to complain gazin kirin ^Tjjlf/gazinde
kirin ojjjtf vf.; §ikyat kirin oLSi vf.;
hatin zar§ vi.; (~ about) li fk-0 gili
kirin ^^lf 444 J vf.
complainer (plaintiff) §ikyatgi m.; (kvetch)
navnojJL m.
complaint gazin ^jlf/gazinde ©jjjI f f; gili I ^m.
[2]; §ikyat oL& m.
complete (adj.) t’emampLdj; t’ekfiz jj^Tdj
to complete xelas kirin vt;
qedandin jjoljdj vt.; k’uta kirin vf.;
(a task) §ert anin vf.
completed: -to be c. (be finished, over, done) k’uta
bUn qc&j vi.; qedin vi.
completely: lap ; p§va l£o; bi t’omeri ;
»»
yekser ; (absolutely) bi careke v
complex aloz ^Jl 5
complicated aloz
to comport o.s. rabun u runi§tin j j vi.
composite (adj.) hevedudani jjjdidja
• •
composure hedan /.
compound (adj.) hevedudani ^yljjjdidjfc
••
to comprehend fehm kirin Q^TpAdi vf.; t^gihan
vi.; serederi ji f-ke/f-tl
derxistm *.. j _j&*u vf.,
••
1 § serederi kirin vf.;
• ■ ••
li ser ... rawestan 444 vi.
comprehension fehm m.; serederi JdjA^ /I
• ••
to comprise p’ekanin cdlj vf.; vegirtin
vt.
compulsory pewist C A--^3 .A ■>
comrade olda§ jiloJjj m.
to conceal ve§artin vf.; telandin vf.;
-o.s. telin dj‘ vi.
concealed (hidden) nepeni xewle Jjd^i.
concealment te’lde oj^Ucu' m.//.
conceited (arrogant) pozbilind difnbilind
-to be ~ xwe werimandin j JuLajO^ Vf.
concern cefa U<^ m.; 'emal JLd^. m./f; k’eder j0 jdT
k J erb VJ d.f /.; k’eser jd^dT/.; kovan
kul I J \£m./f.; §ayi§ jLjU f./pl.; tat§l f;
xem p^i /.; xiyal JLs /.; t’efekiiri c$-i45 Tdidj
(matter, affair) k’ar II jlT m./f; pirs /.;
mesele djd^^ f.; §uxul m.//.
concerned (worried): Te £ t II o^oj ; -to be concerned
V
about [bi ... re] Keyrin [ 0J 444 v ]vi.;
fikirin ^.^53 vi.; (occupied) + with [+ bi...ve]
mijhl JjsJ-* [+ dji, 44 v ]
concerning: (about) di derheqa ... da 4 4 4 15 «vAjoj j;
li ser jd.^J
to conclude qedandin ^joUdii vf.
conclusion encam pb*3<u c /.; xelasi f
I ••
to condense (e.g., milk) tir kirin c y^T^Jvf.
condition: (state of affairs) dest dar jIj ^ m.;
rew§ f; Hal JU m.; liewal m.;
727
c
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
kawdan k’§f UlS mere I f./m.;
(stipulation) mere £/m.\ §ert o m./£\
-in bad ' beradayi
♦ A
conditional: [grammatical term) hekini ^f *a
• •
condolence: (upon s.o.'s death) behi £;
serxwe§i f.\ taziye A^u J 1 J /*.
j ■
conduct: (behavior) rabtin tl rtini§tin 3
/
to conduct me§andin vt.;
bi r§ ve birin vt.
conduit (pipe, tube) lule f\ (subterranean, clay)
solin I £
cone: (pinecone) deq joJ /!
to confess mikur hatin ^jIa j^ 5L vi.
confidant berdevk I Jlojjoo m.
confidante sufdar f.
V
confident biste
♦
confidence bawer[i] [^] JQ3 b f.; ewle I aJ 3 aj £; irnan
jLJ £.\ it’bar jlppp bisteyi ^<0^
confinement: (childbed) zestani ^GLjJ £
• •
to confiscate t’alan kirin qJ' j^b vt.; zeft
kirin cJoj vt.
confiscation (seizure) t’alan j^b m./f
to confront bersing girtin jaj vt.
to confuse (mix up) t’evlihev kirin j^T vt.; li
hev xistin vt.
confused t’evlihev gej jlf; gebar jb^,
gildi T; -to be ~ (puzzled) §a§ man jLjili vi.;
••
-to get all ~ (scrambled, mixed up) k’etin nava
hev «J-ua bb^J" vi.
confusion (disarray) t’evdan jl ji< 0 ' f.
to congeal mehin II vi.
congenital zikmaki c JLSj
to congratulate (on a holiday) piroz kirin vt.;
(on an accomplishment) g’avronahi
dan jb ^bjji'U vt.
• •
congratulations g’avronayi ^bjjSU f\ pirozi
bimbareki ^TojL-j /.; Cejna we piroz be
^ °3 bjAa.
conjunction (grammatical term) p’evgir£dan j)
f.
connection peywendi aj £; p 5 evgir§dan
f.; t’§kili (J &3 f.
to conquer: (occupy) dagir kirin vt.
conqueror dagirker jaT^J1j m.; serfixaz j)m.
conscience wiedan jlAa^ isaf jLJ f.
conscientious iman jLJ
conscious: -to be (aware) of hay j£ hebdn
JS* +* fcj (S ^ Fi ’-
consciousness: (awareness) hay I ^Ia f./m/, Ei§ j^. m.
♦ ♦
consent (acceptance) qebfll £/, (agreement)
qayili { _ 5 Lob f.; razidili ^ f.\ razilixi
«• •• ••
♦ ♦
to consent [to] qayil bhn j^J-ob vi.; razidili
dayin vL
consenting qayil J-ob; Tazi ^jb
to consider: (regard, deem) Kesab kirin vt.;
Kesibandin jjjL-,**. vt.; hejmartin qJjLjaa vt.;
zanin vt. [+bi v ]
consideration Eesab m.
♦
considered: -to be considered Kesab bun
(J33-! V
La^. vi.
to consist of [ji ...] p’ekhatin jj’lA cJj. [...j*] vi.;
consistent hevgirti ^‘^aa
♦ ♦
consolation t’eseli ^+*,*3 f.
• •
to console ber dile fk-§ hatin jjtA.,, j-b vi.
♦ ♦
constantly hercar jU j^; hert’im misewa
; hergav berdewam p. I^o j j <*j
to constitute p’ekanin ^pb vt.;
to construct ava kirin j_>TU'b vt.
to consult [with] §§wirin vi.
contact p’evgiredan £'> hatin h gftn
05^-3 ^
to contact (get in touch with) k’etin t 5 £kiliy§
£gs&? 3'^ vL
• •
contagion te§ene 06*^03 f.
contagious k’oti ; sari II ^ L
to contain (roses, of a vase) hilgirtin q 3 ^£L*> vt.;
container aman jLb ni./f.; (box, chest) qut’i (JJ f.
to contemplate (look at, watch) n§rin vt.; meze
kirin vt.; (ponder) p’onijin vi.;
nijandin u herifandin jjjbj^A 3 vt.
contemporary hemdem poj^^A; nftjen joj^j
content (adj.) razt ^jL; qani £
contented razi ^jlqani c ^ib: -to be ~ with bi ft-i
qenaet kirin o^bAi' ... v vt.
contentment qena’et o^b^‘ m./f/, razibtin
raziti )j £
contents naverok Jb serecem p A 3 - O j A^*v f*
contest: (competition, race) lec tik’Sb f ;
(struggle) cerenix^p<>j<Jo. £.
continually berdewam pbojj^u; hex K her j«a
mis@wa
continuance dom I pjj /.
728
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
C
to continue berdewa:
dewam kirin
btin
vt.; dom JMilli Q
J'vt.-,
f.
• A
<_W
dom kirin
domandin vt.; domiQ vl ->
continuously berdewam ^oJjaj; misewa 1^1
contract peyman f.; qewl J 3 a3 m./f.
to contradict one another li hev siwar nebUn
Qqfr J Aj J O AgJ VI.
contrary: -on the contrary berevaji
• •
control (checking) t’eseli ^ j’ /!
vi
to control zeft kirin qJ' vt.
controversy k’e§e /.
convalescence saxbdn
to convene berhev bdn oajsjaj; uivm vi.;
k’om bun vi.; t’op bun ( j 33 _> vj\; xir
ve btln AS VI. ; gih!§tin hev J»aa
vi.
conversation suEbet oa^._^ /.; laqirdi m./f;
» 9
qise a-*j /.;
to converse suEbet kirin vt.;
to convey veguhastin vt
conviction (being convinced) qena'et o, a* Is as m./f.;
yeqin ^J><u f.
to convince eqin kirin vt. /yeqin kirin
vt.; qani £ kirin ^ g\s vt.
convinced qani c ^la-
convoy (caravan) K’arvan ^IsjlT ni.
to coo qeb!n as vj.
cooing qebqeb A JLi A 3 f.
cook a§p§j j2wjil5 m.
to cook (vt.) patin vt.; lenan 6 ^ vt.; pijandin
vt.; (vi.) pijtn vi.; (to boil) k’elandin
qjj'VaT vt.; (to c. only tbe surface of stg.)
kewitandin ^juI^aT vt.; (to roast) bira§tin
vt.; (to fry in butter/oil) qijilandin vt.
cookie totik I Jjp f.
cool henik dLl*
99
coolness henikay! SjSa f.
coop (for animals) k’ox m.
cooperation hevk’ar! ^IsSaa f.
copper mis m./f; birinc II ^^>m.; sifir I ^
f./m.
copper bowl tirar j\ji m.
copper coin polik I JUjj f.
copper cup tirar J\j> m.
coppersmith misk’ar m.
copse daristan f; r§l Jjj f.
to copulate [with] gan I jl f vt.; nayin vt.;
k’utan (pjf vt.
coral mircan ^ f.
core (kernel) kakil J 5 tT m./f
coriander gijnij j~^jf f
to cork xitimandin Lxs vt.
corn genime§am! m.; garis[§ stanboli]
b~ frUJf' m.; genmok aT/.; gilgilS
VV tl
StembolS ^j^A^yLQf m.; laztlt o^j'V m.;
99 99
zuret I O.AJ3J /; -guinea ' xirov! f
corn bin kewar aT /./m.
cornelian cherry helhelok jJjJa^Jaa /.
corner k’unc m.; go§e Aijf m./f.; kuji m./f;
qulg 5 gJji' m.; qilg’ik JL*!? m.
corpse cendek Jojja^ m.; cinyaz m.;
kele§ I ji aJaT m .//!; le§ ^aJ m.; meyt 5 m.;
term ^jaL m.; berat’e ajIjaj /.
corral axil m.
correct Tast o-b; dirust bira III 1
to correct sertast kirin ^^ 5 " Owl ^ vt.,
'edilandin ap vt.;
correction t’edarik Jj1ja3 * m.
correctly bi dirusti C5 ^ 5J j ^
• •
correctness dirust! C5 ^ r3J j /.
corridor sivder j q > /!
corrupt giruk gelac ^VaT
corvee (forced labor) olam f.; *suxre
cosmos (fig.) Xurustan f.
costs mesref f.; xerac g)j Ai. m.; xerc
m./f
costly biha l# m.; giran I [2]; giranbiha 1 ^-jI
binerx ^a;j
costume qihx I m.; dilqe aaJj m.
cottage: (mud c nut) Eol Jj^ f.
cotton pembuj^Aj m.; (on plant) loke a 5 JJ m./f ;
(fabric) caw jU. m.
couch grass z!wan q\#j f.; firiz! f
99
cough: (whooping ~) xendxendok ^JjjjAi-jJAi- f.
to cough k’uxln vi.
counsel §!ret sov§t f
count fiesab uLa> m.
9
to count he j martin jLJaa vt.
counted: -to be counted (considered) Kesab bEn
La^- vi.
countenance: (face) dlndar I jIjjuj f; stiret
counterfeit qelp I «-Ja5 ; net’6 aj
• •
countless bSEesab v LA^^y
m.
7 29
c
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
country: (nation) welat m.; dewlet of.;
(homeland) ni§timan mek’an m.;
(district) semt o-a^ m.\
country road §iver§ ^jajLz f.
mm
countryside k’ew§an m.
couple cot m.
couplet: (short song) dtirik J£
courage earner! curet merxasi
•«
f; deliri hiner m./f.; qogax!
zirav II <J1 jj in.; -not to get up the ~ to
• •
do stg. q§mi§ nekirin vt.; -to have the
~ to do stg. rti girtin qj vt.
courageous aza[d] [j]ljl5; earner ; m§rxas
delir ; zix I £j; qogax
courageously delirane aj^Joj
courier qasid m.; qewaz jIja* m.
course: -in the " of di pevajoya ... de Ljtfl&jj
court: (of law) dadgeh aaGIj f.; (of prominent person)
diwanxane ajUwjI^j f.; dxwan /; (royal
residence) §ane§in f./m.
courteous cam§r
•• •
courtier mifirdi ^m.
courtyard: fiew§ /.; (in front of house) bermal
JLjAj f.
cousin: (of second, third, fourth degree) binam
m.&f; (female first cousin: daughter of paternal aunt)
qizmet’ oa*>J> (female first cousin: daughter of
paternal uncle) dotmam qizap /.;
(male first cousin: son of paternal uncle) pismam
nz.; kurmam jj5" m.; kurap m.\
(male first cousin: son of paternal aunt) kurmet
o(relative) meriv m.
w
cover: (lid) derxwin m./f; (concealment)
te’lde o^lzoj m./f.
to cover nixamtin vf.; werkirin vt .;
p§g’avtin vf.; hilg’inin vt.
covering: (ground cloth) m£zer J0 /.
covert xef Ja^; nepeni ajaj
cow g’§lek JaJ^o. mange aCL /.; (~ in heat)
g’Slekel JaTaJi^. (2-3-year-old cow) nogin q$P
f.
coward bizdonek m.; tirsonek Jajj^ js m.
cowardice tirsonek! ^aJJ^, ,j> f.
+ #
cowardliness tirsonek!
• •
cowardly b§x!ret o* tirsonek JaU^,
cowboy gavan
cowherd gavan
co-wife h§wi f.
••
co-worker hevk’ar jISaa m.&f.
coxcomb §eh§ d!k JL^^ajs m.
••
crab kevjal JI^aT /.; *req I joj m.
crack derz Jjoj /.; kel§ jxJaT qel!§tek -Jax^JaS
terk I Jja; /.; ti§ i
to crack: (vt.) derizandin vf.; p’ekandin
jjjtTAj vf.; qela§tin vt.; qeli§andin
^jjLzJaS vf.; t’eqandin ^jjb'Ai' vf.; (nuts, with the
teeth) kelotin Qj^Afvf.; (vi.) derizin vi.;
p’eqin ^aj vi.; qeli§in as vi.; qet!n ^-Jas
vi.; terikln I q-Sj*] vi.
to crack open (vi.) t’eq!n vi.
cracked: (split) terk I Jja3‘ ; terik! I
mm
cracked wheat germ (bulgur) savar jUL m./f.
cracker biskuwit
•• ■
crackle girke-girk J^.aSS^ f./m..; qirg’e-qirg 5
•• «*
2l>***>* L
ft •
crackling girke-girk J^aG^- f./m.;
qirg’e-qirg 5 f; (bits of fat from sheep’s
fattail) kizik f./pl.
cradle landik be§!k colan /.;
dergd§ J^joj f; (rocking -) deydik Jajoj /.
craft (profession, trade) sen c et OAJU A-y /.
craftiness delk 5 JUoj /.; fen ^as m./f.
craftmanship ostat! f.
••
craftsman (artisan) sen c etk’ar jISja*3a~ m.;
p!§ek’ar jITa^Lo m.
crafty: (shrewd) §eytan yboAi ; ava bin
ka§ ^slT^ IS15
crag zinar I jbj m./f; zang Jj)j f./m.;
kendal JljjAfm.; qeya Las tat I ob /.;
(flat, level ~) fer§ ji jAi /.; lat /.
to cram dewisandin vt.; Ke§ikandin
vf.
cramped: (crowded, narrow) berteng JjaI^aj
crane (bird, grus grus) quling JjJjS m./f.
to crane (one’s neck) stdye xwe dir§j kirin
cranium kilox m.; qehf tjutts m.; k’elle II aJJaT
m.
crash: (loud noise) gur!n ^.jSf.; gimin { j^S f;
§erq!n f.
crashing gurin f; gimin /.; (of sea)
hnfehuf o^a^* m./f.
to crave: (of pregnant woman) neb!ran!ya ft-f kirin
6 ^— vt
730
English-Kurdish V ocabulary
C
•• 9 ••
f.
craving: (of pregnant woman for special foods)
nebirani f.
«•
to crawl k’i§in vi.; sfirikin qPu*^ vi. ;
§tilikin qP vi.
craziness dinayi ^.Iq j f; nefii§i ^^><0 f.; §eti
crazy din II ^ j; §§t oJU ; aqilkurin ;
devdin qj >jioj; neKi§ 3
to creak g’irin VJ *
creaking girke-girk ^i^py> f./m..; qirg’e-qirg’
•• •• £
£>***->* L
cream nivi§k Jpp m.\ (layer on top of yoghurt)
to I pm.; (clotted) toxavk JjU.jp /;
(horse's coloring) qule *Jp
crease (wrinkle) qermigok f.
to create afirandin <jjjl p\5vt.; ragandin <jjjUlj vt.
created: -to be ~ p ’ey da bun c j as j 1 jo<u vi.
creature cane war jlj<oU m.; jindar Jjjjj
creed din 0 mesheb ^a^***^ ^
to creep k’i§in Q.pf vi.; stirikin vi.; §dlik!n
ptQsP v *'
crest (of mountain) kumt ^Pm .; gopk JL p m./f.;
Keg' m.; kop f./rn; k’umik Ju>Pm.
crib landik Jjj'i f; be§ik Jpp> f; colan pip f;
dergd§ pjPjoj {.;
cricket kuli pp f.; kiristik Jb i^P f; sisirk J
crime she m./f.
criminal (aaj.) gunehk’ar ji^aj p
criminal (n.) gunehk’ar J&jt+jpm.
crippled: nivi§kan ^iSUJu; seqet (in hand,
foot) goc gp ; qop pp ; §eht o Jb*£; (in foot) leng
J; t’opal J Ip
crisis tengavi p&oj f.
critical (essential) fer II j*i
criticism rexne f./m.; te’n ^**3 f./m.
to criticize rexne girtin q3 p <^ajvt.
to croak (die, contemptuous) temirin qj>^< 0 'vi.
croaking (of frogs) qireqir p*ps f.
crock (bowl, vessel) firaq pp f./m.
crocodile timseh m.
crocus canemerg U f.\ pivok JjfUq f.
crook: (staff, cane) gomax {Pp nn; (thief) diz I jj
m.&f.
crooked: (bent) gewt 0 ** 3 .; xwar Py>;
xwaro-maro pL k@r II pS ; §a§ I jili
crookedness xwarayi pjp f.
crop-eared (of sheep) kur IV jP
f.
crops dexl ft dan pj> m.; deramet I
m.; hasil f.
cross xag ^-U m./f
to cross derbaz bftn c j a3 j jLjoj vi.;bihurtin
vi.
crossbeam be§t £; garite k’§ran ppS
m.; max m.
cross-eyed §a§ I pP
crossing bihur m./f.
cross-legged garmergi ^PPj U ; -to sit ~ garmSrgi
vedan vt •
Vi
crosspiece (on shaft of shovel) metirke Pp<^ f./m.
crossroads duriyan f.
crosswise geperast c~-1
crossword xagepirs ^y ^U xager§z jpj^U
crotch (of person or pair of pants) navran jl/l/m ;
(of shalvar) peyk Jj«u f; (of trousers) p’estr
f.; (inner side of thigh, from hip bone to foot) §eq
(jcu; m./f
croup (rump of quadruped) qerp’uz m./f.;
saxirl t’erkd^X^o f.
9 9
crow qijik Jjj qirik II J pi f.; tilfir jp m.
crowd gel <JPm.; qerebalix ^JLoj^j t’op I op f.
to crowd (vi.) lexlemi§ bdn J vi.
crowded: qerebalix (narrow, cramped)
berteng JZ
crowding: (dense ~ of fish during winter) qels II f.
crown t’ac gk m./f.; zerazeng Jjopjoj f.;
(of head) k’elle II m.
crucible coni I m./f.
vt
crude (untreated) xam ^U
cruel berehm ^jboj^-.hov Ujpfc; dir jj; xedar
cruelty b§rehmi f; hoviti ( jppt f ;
i * v v v v
g’avsori ^jp^iU xedari 1 J /*•
9 % V*
crumb hurik J j^ps m.
to crumple p’elaxtin vt.; p’dpes
kirin qP vt.; t’episandin x'f.
crupper pall II f.; palikurtk JjjPJL qo§ pp
• 9
m./f.; (rump of quadruped) qerp’dz m./f;
saxiri f.; t’erkdj^^o* f.
to crush: (press, squeeze) dewisandin vt.;
pergiqandin vt.; p’§pes
kirin qP vt.; heri§andin Uj<ub vt.;
p’elaxtin vt.; p’ekandin vt.;
t’episandin vi.; (grind) h§ran pp^jt, vt.
731
c
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
crushed wheat: (more finely ground than savar, less
finely ground than simid) danherk J f;
danqut 05*3 f./m.
crust (layer) ti I m.
crutch binmilk m.
cry: sewt f.\ (' for help) hawar jI^Ia f.
to cry: girin qj^T vi.; (cry bitterly) galigal kirin
vt.; (sob) bihecin vi.
to cry out (shriek) ktirin vj'.; qirfn vi.;
zirin vi.
crying out (shrieking) qirin qq-j f.
cub g’ejik m./f.; tSjik Jjlj f; cewr m./f.;
kddik f./m.
cubit gez I f.
cuckold t’eres j Aj 1T1 .
cuckoo pepuk II pupu f.
cuckooflower p£kewk f.
cuckoopint kari II ^ If f.
• «
cucumber xiyar jLi. m.\ arh j^Js m.\ (type of large ~)
qitik JLtf m.; (unripe ~) xirtik I f.;
kdtik f
cud k’ayin q-j.LT vi.; -to chew one’s c. k’ayin q-j.LT vi.
cudgel gomax m.\ §iv Ju: t ; cinifi m.\
(long, thin ~) gilak J ^3 /gelak J^* 3 . m.\
(wooden) §ivdar /
cuff: (of sleeve) hugik f/m.; (slap, smack) sile
<kL-~ f; §imaq f.
cul de sac nabos ^j^b f
culpability sue m./f
culprit gunehk’ar m.; sebab V L^ m.
to cultivate: (land) gandin qjjL. vf.
cultural gandi ^jjL.
culture gand jjL. f.; ferheng £<kAj<^ f.; medeniyet
f.
cultured person xuneda m.
to cum (ejaculate) xira btin ^ vi
cumin zire f.; -black ~ re§ik III Jjxoj f
T
cummerbund §utik Jo^ f.
cunning (n.) delk’ JJoj f.\ fen Qai m./f; finaz jLi
m./f.
cunning (adj.): (shrewd) §eytan qLxja^ ; ava bin kae
• •
cunt quz jyf m.; virgik J. 3^9 f
cup t’as ^b f.; fincan f; k’asik JL 'S' f;
(tumbler, drinking glass) avxork f;
perdax m.; gilas m.; peyale <Jb«Ju
(copper) tirar j\ m.
cupboard dolab I f.
cupola (dome) qube ^ f
to curb bersing girtin qj £ JL^jouvt.
curds gortan jbjj^ pi.; ke§k £zaZ m./f; lorik £$}
f./m.; golik II m.; (what is left after whey is
drained off) §ir&j f/m.; (yoghurt & water
[dew] + rice) dohin q-aJj f./m.
cure g’are ojU- f; derman m.; llac f
to cure derman kirin vt.; g§ kirin
• •
vt.
cured: -to be ~ (convalesce) sax bun Q&f L vi.
curiosity [about) Kewas fiewask’ari
^ j ITw 1 j f
curious Kewask’ar
curl xelek kezi *Z f.
• «
current (n.) (fast moving) §ip f./m.
to curry (a horse) mehes kirin vt.
curry-comb mehes f.
curse nifir ^Ju f.
%
to curse: (call down curses upon s.o.) nifir 1§
kirin j/J ^ vt.; (abuse verbally,
swear at) g’er [le] kirin ^ vt.;
giliye net’e kirin
vt
• • m »
cursing (verbal abuse) g’er ^ 13 . m./f; qise <us'
curtain git I m.; p’erde OJ jAJ /.
cushion balgih j&Tlb m. [E]/f. [W];
(bolster) berp’al JLj.jaj f
to cuss (s.o. out) g’er [le] kirin ( j J Z vt.;
• •
cussing g’er ^ 13 . m./f.; qise f;
custody: -in custody (=under arrest) bingav o'L^j
custom 'adet m./f; kevne§op f.;
Tesim ^oj m./f; [~s and traditions) Tabhn h
rhni§tin q — ^ ) j f*
customary kevne§opi
customer bik’irgi m.; (at a mill) dorgi m.
• • ««
to cut birin IIq^j vt.; qetandin vt.; (clip)
meqes kirin q^T^^o^ vt.; (“ into pieces) ker
kirin j&Z vt.; (shave hair) kur kirin qJ/
vt.; qusandin qjjLjj vt.
to cut down: (mow) ginin q -^3 vt.; dirutin
vt.; das kirin vt.
to cut finely (mince, chop) hdr kirin j^a vt.;
hincinin vt.
to cut off jekirin Zj vt.; p’ekandin vt.;
(interrupt) navbiri dan ^^-Jb vt.
cymbal: (finger ~) xelil JJ«x 3 - f.
7 32
■
dachshund boci f./m,
daffodil n§rgiz f.
dagger xencer ja^a^. f; qeme a^aS f.; sorani II
(j )/.; (sharp ~) deban m.
daily (n.) (newspaper) rojname j f
daily bread rizq qJj m.
dairy products qat’ix m.
dam bend I jJaj sikir ^ f.
to dam up pengandin vt.; pe§iya fk-e
girtin (yj ... vt.- pe§i le birln
damage zirar Jjj f.\ ziyan qIoJ f.; (fig.) §ewat olj A-i
to damage zirar gihandin j'ljjvt.; ziyan
gihandin vt.
damages cirm f; xerc m./f
damaging zirar Jjj
damascened: (e.g., steel) deban
damned: -to be damned cehemin ^_*AjfcA^ vi.
damp nem ter j*j
to dampen §il kirin qJ' J^vt.
dampness nemayi ^La; f.
dance de’wat m./f ; (folk ~) govend jjAsyf f.
dance leader sergovend m.
dancer: listikgi m.
• •
dandruff keletor ^jaJaT/.
danger taluke AS^Jb xeter _,AjAi. xedari ^IjaS
f.
dangerous xedar Jja^; t’ewekel Ja^a;
to dangle (vt.) §or kirin qJ' vt.
dangling §or II
daphne acuminata (tree) tevri f
to dare werin vt; -not to dare deve fk-e
nek’etin ^ aTa^.^'oj [+ sub j.]; riiy§ fk-e
nag[i]re ojb... [+ sub).];
dark tari ^b; re§ Jtoj ; (of tea) giran I ; re§ Jl*j
; -to become or get ~ re§evehatin ^jIaaSajsoj vi.
dark-complected qemer ja^aS; d§mqemer
dark-complexioned qemer ja*a$; demqemer
•• Y
AJpj J
to darken (vi.) re§evehatin ^jjIaasa^oj vi.
darkness tariban jlojb /.; tariti tari f.
to darn [socks] veginin vt.
darnel ziwan f.
dashing (brave) qogax
data salix ^JL m.
D
date: (fruit, Phoenix dactylifera): xurme a« f. [dark
& soft]; qesp I ^as f. [light & hard];
(appointment, rendezvous) jivan ^Uj m./f.
to daub dtltin vt.; seyandin <jojbA*, vt.;
sewax kirin (yjf >Ija~ vt.; (~ with henna)
Kene kirin a=>. vt.
daughter keg 1 ^aT/!; qiz /.; dot c>p f; (married ~)
zeyi f.
••
daughter-in-law buk I f.
to dawdle xurcilin vt.
dawn berbang JjbjAj f.; elind ^Ja 5 f.; ferec ^ojas
sere sibe ^ja~ m.; spede /.;
•» »•
§ebeq f.; hingur /.
day roj £j f.
day after tomorrow dusibe
day before }'esterday per
daybreak ferec ^ojas f.\ hingUr elind aJaS f.
daydream xewnerojk JjjjAijAi. /.
daylight tava roje Ub f; ronahi I ^bjj f.
m m €»
day’s journey qonax f./m.; menzil f
day’s march qonax f./m.; menzil Jjjj**-* f.
to dazzle: (eyes) delandin vt.
dazzled: (eyes) kuh -to be ~ deliyan jLJoj vi.
dead miri; becan
• 9
dead body cendek JojJa=>. m.; cinyaz m.;
kele§ I ^aJ aT/ 72.//.; le§ j: aJ m.jmeyt 1 oo.<u m.;
term ^jaIj 712 .; berat’e Ai'ljAj f.
dead of winter gele £Ja^» m.
««
dead-end nabos f.
deadline molet c^aJj^ f.
deadly xedar j)j> a^.
deaf ker II j^; guhgiran
deafness kerayi I ^IjaT f.
deal: (bargaining) bazar jljb /.; (matter, affair) §uxul
m./f.
to deal witb li ser ... rawestan jLu-ojIj ja-J vi.
dear: (expensive) biha l# m.; giran I q)_J* l2];
giranbiha J?\ binerx (beloved) 'eziz
; heja I IjIa; delal I J'Voj; xwe§tivi
r •
; -my ~ qurban q^ J 3 3 f.
dearth kemasi ^LIT /k§mayi f
• • ••
death mirin f.; wefat c^Uoj f; nezer jo ja 3 /.; qir
II jS f; neman qLoj f.
death rattle isk§t mirine ^
• *
debate mi§t H mir ^ f.
debauched t’ewekel JaS^a?
733
D
debauchery qtineki f.
_ ••
debt deyn II m./f.; qer ja$ m.; (-of labor) mitare
ajb-o 171.
debtor deyndar m.&f.
decanter gumgum m./f.
to decapitate serj§kirin ( j^53jj«u,/§erj§kirin qj£Jj+£
vt.
to decay (vi.) hilwe§in c ^j;a > L* vi.; §ihitin vi.;
(of food) rizin <jjjj vi.
decayed petot oJP'aj; rizi j
• •
deceased rehmeti j
deceit b§bexti ^^aJLj f; mixeneti f.;
xiyanet oa 3Li. £; delk 5 «JJoj £; f@l I Jy m./f;
l§p ^4J £; xap £
to deceive xapandin ^jjLU. vt.; l§bandin qjjLiJ
vt.; mixeneti kirin ^aJa^ vt.;
di serda birin 1jja-*j vt.
deceived: -to be ~ lebyan jLyJ vi.; xapin ^U. vi.
December K’anftna pe§in ;
Qileya p@§in L aL*.
decency hetk J b'+Jb f.; layiq! Ls a^y £
• •
decent (proper) layiq
deception qelpi ^JaS £
to decide biryar dan jta vt.; qirar
dan jta Jy vt.; himet kirin vt.
decision biryar jLjj £; qirar jly m./f.
declaration beyanname aJ-jLaj f; daxuyani
^yl^b f; 'elamet oa-^ap f
to declare diyar kirin q^TjL j vt.
to decline (vi.) (be ruined) hilwe§in vi.;
§ihitin vi.; (vt.) (inflect a noun)
tewandin jjjljAi* vt.
declivity: (slope, incline) ni§iv duzi m.
to decorate xemilandin vt.; ?nitirandin I
_^Jo vt.
decorated xemili -to be ' xemilin vi.
decoration xemil J_*a^ f
decoy (dummy egg in chicken coop) motik Jjy f;
xap yU. f
decoy partridge ribat oLj m. or adj.
decrepit (senile) herfi ^jaa; kaltime a^I f m.&f.;
««
kevnare a. jUaT
to deduce deranin vt.
to deduct l@ku§tin v ^
deed kiryar jL^Tf ; f@l II J.I9 f./m.; (evil ~) finaz jbi
m./f.; (heroic ~) p’elewani ^IjaJaj f
to deem nesab kirin vt.; liesibandin
vt.; hejmartin ^ jLjaa vt.; zanin ^Ij
vt. [+bi v ];
deep k’tir III ^3*5"
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
deer ask «iLlS f; gak’tivi mambiz >^L
• •
m.&f.; xezal I JIjaS. f; §ivir ^ m. & f.
defamation rtire§i f
«■
defamed rQre§ ^iaj^j
defeat nekse a~Ta3 f.
to defeat zora [dijmin] birin qjj 1 ju vt;
alt 5 kirin cJb vt.; b@ ser H ber kirin
q jf j*>3 vt.; revandin ^jjliaj vt.;
(at a game) fji+] birin q>j [^j] vt.
a*
defeated: -to be ~ revin ^Je>j vi.
to defecate ritin vt.; (of animals) bi§kul kirin
V"f.
defect qustlr f; k§masi ^LlT f.
««
to defect to dexaleta fk-t kirin qJ/ bfAJU-aj vt.
defective: (weapon) giriik
to defend berevaniya fk-t kirin q/,,, LjUojaj vt.
p’arastin ^Jjl> vt.; pawandin qjjIjL vt.
defender berevan jtfojA* m.; pi§tivan m.;
pi§tm§r m.; t§ko§er m.
defense bergiri f; berevani ^ lidj^ f.
• « a a
defenseless: bepi§t (unarmed) b§g 5 ek
•*
deferential treatment 'ezet-ik’ram piooj^ ;
’ezet-qulix ooj^
deficiency qusur f ; kemasi f ;
• •
zede oj oj f.
deficient (lacking) kem I plT
deficit kemasi ^LlT /kemayi f
«• aa
defiled: -to be defiled lewitin I q-oj<J vf;
Kerimin vi.
to define k 5 if§ kirin q vt.
definition salix ^JL m.
to degenerate (vij hilwe§in vi.;
§ihitin vi.
delay taloq I j^Jb f.
to delay taloq kirin jgJb vt.
delayed giro egle aITaj
to deliberate hev birin-anin «Jaa vt.;
lev §§wirin JaJ vj.
deliberation §@wir f
delicacy (tasty food) ta 5 m m./f
delicate nazenin ^ojb; narin nazik JjIj;
tenik JLa 3 - ; dilziz (of sound) ziz I jjj
delicious bi ta'm; xwe§ JioyS*
delight (n.) lezet ooJaJ f ; k 5 §f f; sebr jj«u f./m;
t’ab *_ j lj" f
■
to delight in lezet ditin j o^jaJ vt.
to deliver spartin qs jL~ vt.; t’eslim kirin
vt.
deliverance t’eslim ^J-Aj* m.; xelasi ^^Ad. f
734
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
delivered: -to be delivered (to be saved, rescued) filitin
vi.
delivering (n.) t’esllm ^jLaj m.
deluge 18 mi§t f.; tofan jlijp f.
demand daxwaz /.; de’w II f.
to demand daxwaz kirin jvt
democracy demokrasi pp oj f.
99
democratic demokratik JLul
to demolish herivandin vt.; hilwe§andin
jjjUajlfc Vt.
demon d@w pI j m.; cin ^ m.; ji me getir a* j
pi
den (lair of wild animal) lan f.\ qtin f.
denial ink’ar f.
denomination din u mesheb ^a^a* 3
to denounce lomandin jjjLp vt.
dense: (thick, of liquids) tir II
to deny ink’ar kirin qJ' jlCp vt.
to depart l@xistin gftn vt./vi.; ledan
gtin qIaIJ vt./vi.
dependable ewlekar jIT<Jj aj ; merd jja^, ; it’bar
dependents ’eyal JIap m./f./pl .; zav-zeg <Jtj
to depict §ikil k’i§andin JCi vt.; §ikil
kirin JCi vf.; nitirandin I jjj) vt.;
neqi§andin jjjliiAj vt.; resim kirin vt.
to deplume rtlg’ikandin vt.
depopulated xir u xali 3
§9
to deport terKil kirin J-o-jaj vt.
to depose: (a monarch) ’ezil kirin ( j^T JjAPVt.
deposit: (pledge) girev du^f f.\ rehin f.
depository 'embar jL_*ap f
depot: ’embar jL*ap (artillery ~) cebirxane
Ajli A2»- f.
—* m m
depravity qftneki f-
to depress qehirandin .jj&as vt.
depressed bek’ef dilteng Jja^Jj; melul (u
mizdan] [j)j> ; mirtiz m.; -to be d.
ber xwe k’etin ^aT ^ jaj vi.; qehirin q^aaS
vi.
depression: (low place) binat’ar jblq f.; t’fl§ I Jijy /*.;
(emotional state) diltengi ^a^Jj /.; melilli
^ l
99
deprived (of) b§p 5 ar Mb t+i‘1
depth k’tirayi f-
deranged sergerdan jtajA^A-
derision tewz Jjaj f.
to derive deranin vt.; derxistin vt.
hilg’inin a vt.
to descend dahatin vi.; dak’etin ^'a$1j vi.;
dadan vt.\ (get off of) peya bto^ U v vi.
D
*
descendants zuret II /.; dtindan /.;
dol I Jp £; ocax ^Up war jb m.\ etba
Ljaj
A
descent: (slope) berwar jIjjaj m./£; (downhill slope)
jordani m.; (origin) cins m.
9 •
to describe nitirandin I jjjl ^ vt.; gela ft -1 kirin
... vt.; kat kirin olT vt.; pegotin
description g§l II Jl*. f.; salix ^JL m.
desert: (wilderness) beri II gol /!;
••
pasar jLL
deserted xir & xali ^U. 3 xop’an jbpi
deserter (runaway) firar j)m.
to deserve heq§ xwe standin qjjL*. ^ vt;
laylq bto vi.
deserving heja I 1 jla; layiq st§l
to designate k J if§ kirin qJ'jjS' vt.
desire daxwaz viyan arzfl ^jjl5 f./m.
merem m./f.; miraz jl^ m./f.; Kewas
/.; hesret oo>«aa Kez f.; qim ^ /.
to desire bijin I vt.; mela ft-t?a
hatin 1 j#44 vi.
despairing beh@vi ; p 5 or il
0 9 m 9
p’o§man 3 Jd
desperate begav *Jt ffe \ behevi
«• ^ •• ••
beg’are ojdL>.> tengav JLCaj
desperation begavi ^' 15 ^ f.;beg 5 areti ^jl^w /.
despite digel JaTj; diji ^jj; gir III ; rexme ;
«♦
Ii ser ... ra )j 4 * 4 j a-«J
despondent (sad) zelill J^Joj
despot zordar m.
despotic xurt oj^
despotism zordari ^ f.
0 9
dessert §irani pa§iv f
«•
destiny bext m.; eninivis qeder II
joja 3 /.; iqbal JLxJ m.; yazi /.; felek JaJaj
••
/!; pe§k II J^aj f.
destitute k’esib ; beKal (flat broke)
riit 053J
to destroy hilwe§andin vt.; ne«hi§tin
vt. neg.; herivandin vt.;
feli§andin jjjUJAs vt.; t’efandin jjjliA}' vt.;
xirab kirin ^ vt.; berza kirin IjjAj
vt.; t’elef kirin j>< Ja3 ‘ vt.; (massacre) k’ok
qelandin Jp' vt.; batmi§ kirin
vt.; qir kirin ^ vt.; (to defeat, trounce) b£ ser
fl ber kirin jajj, vt.
destroyed k’ambax w@ran I ; xirab
-to be ~ neman jLa3 vi. neg.
destruction k’af-k’fin olT /.; malxirabi ^jJL.
/!; qir II ^ /.; t’elef oaJa; f.
735
to detach: (o.s., as sheep from a flock) havibfin
v *'
detachment: (military) cerge aT^ £> (isolation,
separation) havibtln £
detailed htirgili
• •
to detain ragirtin y J\j vt.; zeft kirin o^oj vt.
detainee dil Jjj m.
to deteriorate (vi.) hilwe§in vi.; §ihit!n
vi.
to determine k’if§ kirin yfyaf vt.
determined: -bound and ~ biryardar jljjb^j
devastated kovan
devastation (fig.) §ewat ol/
to develop: (vi.) pe§k 5 etin vi.; werar kirin
qSJ joj vt.; (of corn, wheat, etc.) seridin vi.
development: (growth) werar jljoj /; (progress)
p£§k’etin ZsZj £
devil §eytan jboAi m.; ji me gStir j pi.
devilishness §eytani £
• •
devilry §eytani £
■ •
devoid [of people] xir u xal! ^la. j
■ •
devotion: (religious ~) ebabeti yaoLaS £
• •
to devoir vegevizandin ^jjIj^aTas vt.
dew avi ^15 /; xunav J>b_*a. /.
dexterity (skill) fen jAi m./f.
dialect zarav[a l]iljlj m.\ lavz yi m.\ zar I j )j m.
diamond almas ^Ub m./f.
diamonds (in card games) dinar jLo j £.; karoj^lT
diaper p’ag[’]ik m.//.
diaphragm de[r]fa sing Jj— U[j]oj
diarrhea nave§ j^ib f .; nav IV «Jb /; zikgiin
f.
dice, see die (n.)
dictator zordar j m.
dictatorship zordar! ^ f.
dictionary ferheng a^jas /.; xebername A^b j Aj Aa. /
die (n.), pi. dice zar III J \j /.
to die mirin vi.; wefat kirin oUoj vt.; gtin
ber dilovaniya xwede IjUjJj ja>
t’erka duniyad dan IS^a; vt.; p’eqin
■ #
^aj vi.; (to go to hell) cehemin vi.; (of
Christians, used by Muslims) girel bun vi.
(Urm); (of ritually unclean animals) sekitin
vi.; (of ritually clean animals) mirar biin y&> j\^
vi.; (contemptuously & of animals) temirin
y^+Aj vi.
difference ferq y** f; cih§reng! £;
(mathematical) hasil J .Jjt f.
different cih§ £$a./cuda ; ba§qe Aiib; mayin I
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
difficult bi zehmet; dijwar jljj-j; getin
(“of access) as§ ^b
••
difficulty getinayi ^UjAa. £; dijwan f;
•• M
asteng Jja^Jj £
to diffuse (spread, publicize) we§andin vt.
to dig k’olan III vt.; vedan jljA* vt.;
digging [beneath a plant] xepar jl>Aa. f.
dignified serbilind j^Lja-*
dignity qedir I m.; §anazi ^jbU /.; serbilind!
f.
%%
dilapidated (decayed) rizi yy xop’an ^ba.
«#
diligence xiret 00 ^ /.; qogaxi /
«•
diligent xebatk’ar jlfibAa. ; qogax
dill §iwit
to dilute pi§aftin ^Uu vt.
din: (loud noise) gurin yj^f £.; galigal JbDl f £;
qerebalix b 0 j as /; qireqir ^ 3 o £
dinghy (small boat) qeyk JL *3 £
dining room xwaringeh £
dinner §!v £; nane evari ^sb m.
•• ••
dinner table sifre O _jJLau £
to dip: (vi.) binav ban noq
ban jp vi.; (vt.) binav kirin ; nc
kirin vt.; dakirin vt.; (piece of
bread in food) tehilandin vt.
dire straits begavi £
•• • •
direct (straight) Tast 0^1 J
to direct (run, conduct) me§andin vf.;bi re
ve birin vt.
direction all ^Jb m.; hel II J Zjt m./£; rex I ^-oj m.;
teref m.; semt m.; hindav
f./m.; §eq q-u m.//.; (management, leadership)
fermandar! ^/; serk’ari f;
• • • •
serweri -in the of li
• «
ser ... ve
directives (instructions) t’emi £
directly (right away) yekser
director Tevebir _>>*.£>j in.; serk’ar jtT;^ m.
dirhem dirav vJljj /./in.
dirt: p’isi /; qifej £; qil§r yLb £.; (soil,
• ■
ground) ax ^-b £.; xweli /; (dust, powder)
t’oz jp £
dirtiness mirdari £
dirty gepel gemar! ^jLaT; p’is qir§j
p j; qiler pJ 3 ; mirdar J ; dijan II ^jj ;
r§vin ^.j; kernel /; -to become dirty
(hands, clothing) Kerimin vi.; lewitin I
vi.
disabled niv!§kan seqet oaj<u; goc y ;
qop ; §eht
7 36
J
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to disagree with miqabili fk-6/ft-f
bfln 0*^1 4 , 4Lr LUu vi.
disagreement k J e§e f.; cure f; mi§t u mir
f
to disappear ji hol£ fabfln L) j vi.; beta
♦ «
vebtin b<u; [ji ber] winda
biin L<v _5']vi.; fed btin joj vi.; roda
gtin 1 j p vi.; p’enese biin 4oVi.
disappeared p’enese
to disappoint: qehirandin jjj) vt.; (disobey)
bidiliya fk-e kirin qJ' , m Uj^ vt.
M
disappointed xiyal§kesti *>SA Jb ;behevi
P’° r 0 p 5 o§man (greatly ~)
dil§kesti c y^ J <xS2 Jj; -to be ~ qehirin vi.
disarmed: (unarmed) beg’ek
• •
disarray t’evdan f.
disaster bela I bet’ar jbCo m.; qeda 1j f./m.;
nisiifeti f.\ oyin (j^P f.\ t’ifaq I jUj f.
to discern ferq kirin vt.
disciple mirid m.; suxte m.
to disclose diyar kirin j^Tjb j vt.
discomfort: nefeKeti pf; -to cause ~ te’dari le
kirin j^S" -vt.
discord bet’ifaqi f
discouraged met’elmayi
discourteous be edeb ; beme’rifet
♦ #
discourtesy b§edebi f
to discover veditin vt.
to discuss (a topic) beKsa/befise ft-i kirin
6 ^- vt.; qala ft-i kirin vt.
discussion behs ^* 0.00 f./m.
disease nexwe§i nesaxi f.; e§
11 • •
pp f.; jan /.; qeda Ijas f./m.; zede ojoj
(a ~ of horses) kam II f.; (animal ~) yeman II
6 ^.
to disembark peya btin c j 5 < H b*j vi.
disgrace §erm ^j< u: f./m.; §ermezarf £;
fehet f.; rhre§i f\ 'et’b f;
• •
sosret O* O f -
to disgrace hetka fk-d birin vt.;
rh Te§ kirin jioj vt.
disgraced feh@tkar j\Spp<^ ; rtire§ po 333 j
disgruntled (feeling mistreated) ziz II y->j
disguise dilqe ajdj m.; qilix I m.
disgusted (deeply disappointed) qehirin vi.
dish: (plate) firaq ji p f./m.; dewri f;
teyfik Jjup derdan II f.; senik App
f; (large, flat ~) lali II f; s§ni , .xl- f.;
(pan of weighing scale) t 5 a II b m.
disheartened met’elmayi
t«
dishes aman jLb pi. ; derdan II /.
disheveled sergerdan
dishonest bebext oo»<v^ ; girftk ; qelp I
dishonesty bebexti /.; qelpi f
•• mm
to dishonor namds hingaftin ^^b vt.;
hetka fk-e birin ^ lSj.ub vt.
dishonorable p’is
dishwasher (person) firaq§o px)p
disillusioned xiyal§kesti L p,^JLs.
a •
disk qurs m.; (large convex ~ upon which bread
is baked) sel c jp f.
dislike rik 5 J j f.
T
to dislodge ji ci leqandin ^ j vt.
disloyal t’eres ^^0 j Aj
disloyalty xiyanet o^L ± f.
to dismiss (fire, sack) qewrandin I ^*3 vt.
disobedience serhi§ki f; serk’§§t f.
disobedient serHi§k ; serk’e§ I
erini p
to disobey bediliya fk-e kirin qP 444 IJj£j vt.;
ji xebera ... derk’etin QidS'joj j
disorder (chaos) k J eft H left 3 oJaT/.; k’af-k’fin
qP' olT f; geremol J \p OJ df f; t’evdan f.
disordered sergerdan jafj^
disorderliness berezi pAj/p £
• ■ ♦ ♦
disorderly be ser h ber be rek u pek;
«•
b§rez A.j//j. > t’ewekel
disorganized t’ewekel
to dispatch §andin ^jjjU vt.; hinartin vt.; r§
kirin j jffej vt.; vere kirin qP j ^ vt.
• • ■ ■
to disperse: (vi.) p’e§kiltn vi.; veqetin
/wJ'AiAS vi.
dispersed belav
displaced (person) mi§ext m.&f.
displacement: (being displaced) mi§exti f.
display (exhibit) pe§angeh aaCUJo f.
to dispose ’edilandin vt.
disposed to m§ldar jLihb* m.
disposition k’ef ujuf f.; t’ebi'et f./m.
dispute de’w II^poj k’e§e f; p’evgdn
o«u f.
disrespectful berez A.j/j.
dissatisfied: -to be ~ (frown) me 5 d§ xwe tir§ kirin
dissension b§t’ifaqi
•• ••
dissimulating qelp I
dissimulation qelpi ^ f.
f.
737
D
to dissociate: (o.s.) havibfin vi.
dissolute t’ewekel J aSojaJ
to dissolve: (vt.) Kelandin vt .; pi§aftin
vt.;(vi.) Kelin vi.
distaff t 5 e§i ^*3 f./m.
distance duri 3 j -in the ~ ji durve j
•»
distant dUr
distinction: (difference) ferq cih@rengi
■■ A
to distinguish: (tell apart) ferq kirin vt.; ji
hev nas kirin ( j/' cr b Jj^jb jvt.; veqetandin
jjjhcuvt.; (espy, make out) qi§irandin qjj)
vt.
distress xem diltengi f.; p’eri§ani
■ ••
f; stuxwari f.; tengavi f.
M •• ••
distressed bikul J^Sb; dilteng Jj*1>Jj ; p’eri§an
jUoj«Jo; sttixwar J l y -to be ~ bena fk-e teng
bun \ « « Lbo VI
district herem f.\ semt o^,«uv m.\ liwa ; (of
city) mihel J*^* f.; t’ax »b f; (province) waliti
«■
to disturb te’dari le kirin vt.; C aciz
•• ••
kirin qP j^Lp vt.; (the silence) t’eribandin
jJjb jOo Vt.
disturbance: (bothering) te’dari f.
disturbed aloz jjb; p’eri§an (silence, peace,
sleep) §erpeze -to be - (stomach): xelin
vi.; (animals) veciniqin vi.
disunited bdt’ifaq
disunity bet’ifaqi jiltiife f.
•• ••
ditch: (gutter) cewj^ f.; (small gutter, on a mill) §ip
f./m.; (pit) g’al II JU f.; goncal J f;
k’ort o f.; (foxhole) geper I f\ (gully)
kendal JIjj <xfm.
ditch reed §afir I m.
divan: (court of prominent person) diwan f.;
diwanxane f.
to dive noq bUn qo&> ^ vi.
diversion mijulahi f
to divert (to amuse) mijtil kirin J^ju vt.
to divide p'arve kirin qJ/ «Ujb vt.; p'erge p’erge
kirin; ker kirin vt.; navbiri
dan jU ^^Jb vt.; p'irt kirin; veqetandin
QAjb’aj'csj' vt.
dividers (compasses) p’ergal II J f.
divination fal JU f; falgiti ^yu^JU f.; remil J f.
to divine (predict the future) reml@
nihgrtn vL
n ••
diviner falgi C5 ^JU m.&f.; femildar jbUoj m.&f.
••
division (part, section) §ax£li f./m.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to divorce berdan jUjaj vt.
diwan (hall in which dignitary receives guests) ode ©jJj f.
dizzy gej jlf
to do kirin qJ' vt.; (~ to s.o.) sere fk-i
anin q^\S vt.
to do away with ji ort’e fakirin fj'jP j vt.; ji
nav birin ^ J»b j vt.; ji hol@
fakir in qJ)j j vt.
docile: sernerm pj dJ j
doctor biji§k m.&f; duxtor m.&f;
Kek’im ^.S<k=^ m.; nojdar jb_3J m.
document: beige f; (legal ~) 'ehd m./f.
to document beige kirin qJ' ^ vt.
dodder daralink ciLcJljb f.
doddering (senile, decrepit) hetfi
•*
doe: (female deer) §ivira m§ ^ ^ f.;
gelekeke gak’Hvi f.
• •
dog kug’ik se m.; k’elb (short,
squat J boci f./m.; (hunting J taji f./m.;
•• ••
t 5 \ile m.
Dog Star: (Canicula, Sirius) gelavej f.
dogrose §ilan I f.
doll btik I f.
dome (cupola) qube f.
to domesticate kedi kirin qJ' vt.
domesticated (tame) kedi
••
dominance serweri ^o^jcu. f.
••
dominant serdest ojj^u; *zal
dominated (easily ~, meek) p’arsbxwar
donation: (of food on first anniversary of s.o.'s death)
sersal JUvj«\-v f.
done: (over, finished, past) xelas derbazbtiyi
joj; -to be d. (finished, over) k’uta
• •
btin c j 15 j vi.; qedin ^ j <Vi vi.
donkey k’er III m.&f.; guhdir^j m.; (he-
ass) nerek’er joS'oJj* m.; (she-ass) mak’er joSl* f;
k’era me ^ f.; (young of ~) ceh§ m.;
• •
deh§ Juboj m.&f.; k’ufik
donkey dung serkul J^S m.; seklot oj JSfL* m.
donkey saddle k’urtan (pm.; (wooden) p’alik
JJb m.
• •
door deri I m.; (large ~) dergeh f./m.
• s
door bolt gilm§re 0 ^o-4r 112 ■ /f
door frame derg’ik f.; §@mik JLjbi f; §ipane
^ fexderi j mJf.
••
door post fexderi m./f.
doorman dergevan m.&f
dormer-window k’ulek f.
dot: (point)deq jaj xal II JU. f; niqitk JjJB f
double: -on the ~ (quickly) feve-fev <Joj *U'oj
738
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
doubt guman jL £ £.; §ik JLi £; §ebh f.
to doubt §ik birin c sLi vf.
doubtless beguman ; b§§ik ; eqin
/yeqin <>*»**.
dough hevir _>Jaa in.; (rolled up ball of ~) gi§tik
£; (money) p’ere I ojaj pl./m.
dove (pigeon) kevok Jjp'aT £
down (ady.) berbij§r jeir serbij§r _JjPja^;
xwar jbs; (in crossword puzzles) stuni
»■
serej§r Joj a-«
down (n.) (eiderdown) p’iirt £; t 5 Hk I £
down in the mouth (depressed) melul [u mizdan]
[ j]
downhill slope ni§iv m.; jordani 222.
««
downpour (sudden ~) tavi £
*«
downstairs j£r _J>J
downward j§r _jj ; berbijSr serbij§r
xwar j\
downward of ji ...ii p@da 1 jJo*„J
dowry cihaz jl**. 222.; dermal! ^JLjoj £
to doze p’onijin ^ jpjp vi.; henijin vi.
dozen derzin ^joj £
dozing off (n.) xilma§ jiLL. f; nuqrosk pi
drachma dirav «Jljj f./m.
drag (puff, on cigarette) hilm £; qulap y^' £
to drag (pull) k 5 a§ kirin If vf.
dragon ziha l*jj 222.
dragon arum kar! II ^jlf £
dragonfly te§Irok £
drake (male duck) sone Ajj^ 222.
drape: (curtain) git I 222.
draught-horse me’negi £
draughts: (game of checkers) dame aJj £
draw (puff, on cigarette) hilm pLb £
to draw (pull, extract) k 5 i§andin jjjUfvf.; (water
from a well) hilg’inm q vf.; (depict)
neqi§andin q.vjL^a; vf.; §ikil
k 5 i§andin jj.jlJxTJCi vf.; §ikil kirin JC
vf.; resim kirin c y > T ( — OJ vf.
to draw a line r§z kirin jJj vf.
to draw lots pe§k k 5 i§andin jjjUf eLiaj vf.
to draw near (approach) le nezikayi kirin
{J vt.
* * "
to draw out rak’i§andin jjjUSl j vf.
to draw up (water from well) hilg’inin vt.
drawers: (underpants) derpS ^jjoj 222.
drawing (picture) §ikil J& in.,* resim ^~joj m./f
drawing room dlwanxane ajU^^jj £
drawn (sword) taz! I
drawstring doxin t v^jj
yC
£
dray (oxcart, sledge) parx§l Jla-jb £
dread saw 3 L £
dream xewn ^aS £
drenched §ilopil Jj
dress: (apparel) btisat oL^ 222./£; g’ek -Ja*. 222./£;
*
(type of woman's ~) kiras ^1 212.; d@re oJ j
222.; fistan £; (woman's ~ worn over shalvar)
xeftan jl^A*. 222.; (d. clothes, one’s Sunday best)
filial JUj £
T
to dress: (vt.) k’inc lekirin vt .; (to curry, a
horse) melies kirin a^a-« vt.; (vi.) k’inc li
xwe kirin qJ' ^ J^if vt.
to dress in black (sign of mourning) fe§ gir§dan
vf.; fe§ wergirtin ^jioj vt.
dried fruit kagkagk JU-lSo-lT £; kitik I £; (pressed)
bastiq f./m.; g’ir 222.
dried grass (used for animal fodder) f§sl L ^Zj £
€ V
drill burxi £; [see also mikare ojlSl 222. ]
drink: (sweet beverage, sherbet) §erbet oajjaJ: £
to drink vexwarin as W.; xwarin vt.
drinking glass avxork £; perdax ^-Ijjaj 222.;
gilas fj/ifin.; peyale aJLaj £
to drip nuqutln Q-Jj&p vi.; g’ikln vi.;
drippings (meat roasted and stored for winter use)
qeli ^a 5 £
«•
to drive ajotin v£; (urge on animals)
xufln III vt.
to drive away (put to flight) revandin jjjU'oj vt.
to drive in (forcibly insert) xistin yud v£;
nig’ikandin vt.
to drive on [a horse] xurandin jjjl vt.
drizzle xunav £
drool gir§z £.; ava dev <J 0 j Ub £.; t’if oi? £;
t 3 Hk II £
to droop g’ilmisin ^
^ vi.
droopy (dangling) §or II
drop: (of liquid) g’ilk JL £; g’ipik £.; dilop
y^Jj £; niqitk JLxi; £; p’e§k I JUaj £
to drop (vt.) xistin vf.; li ’erd§
dan jb ^jjAfr J vf.; tera kirin 1 ja 3 * vf.;
• •
(to change the subject) j§vebHn q&oj&J vi.; (vi.)
nizm bun vi.; p’ekln ^Taj vi.; tera
biin (J33-? y i-
to drop in on: (to visit) seradan jljlj«u vf.
to drop off: -to cause to d. o. werandin II qju) jo* vt.
to drop off to sleep xilma§ biin vi.
droppings: (bird ~) g’§rt 0 ^ 0 . £; zirlg I g>jj £
drought Ki§ki £
drove: (flock, of sheep) col 222.; (flock of sheep, for
sale) celeb II ^aJa^ 222.
739
to drown: (vi.) binav btin ( j a5 j roda gtin
c j j5> a. bjj vi.; xeniqin vi.; xerq btin
q^qja^ vi.; xeriqin ^'ja^ vi .; (vt.) binav
kirin vt.; xeniqandin ^joUjaS vf.;
xerq kirin qja* vt.
drowning (n.) xerq Jja* /.
drowsiness xilma§ ^L-U. Z
drug derman qLjoj m.
drum def I Joj Z; dehol Jjpbo j> /; (small, hand)
t’epliq jL <\J f,
drummer defgi jn.; diholkut in.;
mirt’ib m.
drunk (inebriated) serxwe§ sermest c^^jcu
drunken -> see drunk.
drunkenness serxwe§i /; sermesti ^^a^ja-*
/
dry (of inanimate things) fti§k Jbo. ; (of animate things)
ziwa Ijj; (arid) beweg (plain, of food) rij jj
dry farming dem ^5 j
dry land (^ sea) bej j-o /; Te§ayi ^lioj /
to dry up: (vt.) (a well) g’ikandin II vt.;
mig’iqandin vt.; (vi.) (water source)
g’ikin vi .; mig’iqin vi.
dryer: (clothes “) makina zuhakirine Jbt^j UbL Z
• •
dryness fii§ki /.; ziwayi ^.Ijj /.; bewegi
•i >> -• »•
duck: werdek -Jojjoj /.; bet c^aj miravi ^ /.;
••
sone aU^ m.&f.
dull (blunt, of knives) kuh A*f; (slow-witted)
sersar jLj Aav
dullness (slow-wittedness) sersari ^Lja-v Z
• •
dumb: (mute) lal I J'i
dumbfounded 'ecebmayi ^L-Jo-a*; met’elmayi
• •
^UcO'^ ; fieyri -to be - ’ecebtmayi]
♦ ♦
man vi.; met’elmayi man
qL* cu^ vi.; fieyrin qj^ja^ vi.
• •
dumbness: (muteness) lali I /.
dumbstruck g§j jlf;
dun (horse’s coloring) qule aJjj ; §e
•t
dung k’erme a^jaTjji./Z; qelax ^a* /.; rix Z;
sergin A IV /.An.; ter§ I jijAj m.; zibil Jjj /;
(pressed) t’epik II «sLaj pl./m.; t’ert ojaj m.;
ke§kfir aT; peyin q^jaj m.; (donkey ~) serkul
JSj m/y seklot m.; (mixed with straw,
in rock-hard chunks) deve II as'oj Z; (dried ~
caught on sheep’s wool) ginci f./ni.; kem@l
JI-oaT/; (dried cow ~) pesari ^Laj pl./f.
dung beetle gugilerk f.;
dung heap sergo j^T,a~ m.;
dungeon zindan f./m.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
during di p@vajoya ... de oj,,, bjjlEbj
durra (guinea corn) xirovi f.
dusk hingur J3 ^a Z;'esir f, y
dust xubar jb^s /; (fine powder) t 5 oz jjj‘ /;
gerik I Jjaf /.;
to dust off vemali§tin ^^lsJLaj vt.
duty wezife aa»j«j /.; peywir aj /; vatin! /.
••
(Islamic religious ~) ferz Jjas /; (tax) xerc
^■jAi m./f.
to dwell jin vi.; riini§tin vi.
dwelling: (house) xani m.; mezel JoJa^, /
dye boyax /.; feng c-doj m.; derman jLjoj m
to dye boyax kirin vt.
dyer ximdar jIjmo. m.&f.
dysentery nave§ /; nav IV *Jb /;
zikgtin ^.Jj /.
\
740
E
e.g. (for example) meselen j<J 4 -tv j wek minak
Jo*; bo nimtine a3
each her hergi giqeyse <UoI <ubw.
»«
each other hev yek Jou ; -from ~ lek dli; -to ~
lev J«J
eagle elih jt J J m.; teyr ^,*3 m.; semir m.\
xertel J<o’j<*o» m.
ear guh m.; (of jug) g’embil m.\ (of corn)
simbil I seri ***** i?2 • ; liqat oLaJ /.
eardrum p’erda guh A 3 f)j> J <^ f.
earlobe kerik II m./f
▼
early zfi^j; (at dawn) ser£ sibe
• » • •
to earn: qazanc kirin go) jlsvt.; (to deserve, merit)
heqg xwe standin jjjtx- ^ vt.; layiq
_ *•
bun vi.
earnings me 5 a§ ^ m./f.; heq m.
earring guhar mJf.
earth ax g \5 xweli 'erd m./f.;
earthenware pot diz jjj f; hincan in.
earthquake 'erdKejin j**oj** 'erdlerzin
bibelerz zelzele JoJoj /.
ease asani ^ UJ sivikayi ^ISuL, /.; gengaz!
^jl f. .; (comfort) reheti f.
•• ••
easily bi sanahi ^j&bLo; bi sivikayi
M ••
easily offended sil
easiness sivikayi /.
east Tojhilat oYaJjj f; mi§riq §erq f.
Easter hekesor jjj JIa f.
easy asan jLU; hesa i^Lst; bi sanahi ^ULo; sivik
dJu; rihet o^y, gengaz jb2«\f
to eat xwarin jjhp. vt.; nan xwarin jbvf..
eaves sivande 0 Aj LfiL_*v f.
echo deng vedan jloJ Jjoj olan f.
to echo deng vedan jljJ Jjojvt.; olan dan <j 1 j
vt.
economy abori f.; (thrift) serweri , 3J *~ f.
eddy zivirok Jj^'j gerinek f.
edge qirax y> f./m.; dev Jo j m.; kevi I f;
p’er jdu m./f; (of garment) p’£sir ?•; (sharp
blade) §ilf f ; ti I m.; -on e. (teeth) kuh
edict ferman jL j<u f
editor-in-chief sernivisk’ar jlSl*J 3 j*- m.&f.
to educate perwerde kirin oJjo^jaj vt.
educated perwerde ojjoj j*o v
educated person xuneda m .
education: (Islamic religious ~) feqiti £
»»
eel marmasi yL* m.
»•
effect (influence) bandfir /; t’esir
T
Kuk’um m.
to effect: (influence) tesir[e] kirin qJ'
bihurtin qj J 3 # vi.; (~ negatively) j§girtin
effects (equipment) k 5 el tl p 5 el J <u j J of m./f./pi.
effeminate serjinik
effort bizav Jl>> hewl f; hewldan
xebat cj L f.; k’eft d left ^ oJJ"/.;
(exertion) cefa m.; k 5 edj J"£; -to make an e.
bizav kirin qJ' vt.;
p’ek’ol kirin qJ/ vt.;
egg hek dZjt f.; (dummy ~ in chicken coop) motik
f; xap f.
egg white spilik I f.
eggplant bacane re§ m.
••
egocentrism eziti J f.
••
egoism eziti f.; 'en'ene I m.
egotism 'en'ene I *0^^ m.
Egypt Misir f.
eiderdown p’tirt f.
eight hey§t
eighteen hijdeh
eighth (adj.) fiey§ta b^>^; he§temin
eighth (n.): ( 1 / 8 ) he§t§k f.
eight hundred he§t-sed
eighty Key§te
3 •
to ejaculate xira bUn 1 >i. vi
to eke out a living (just barely make ends meet) bi
nanziki xebitin v vi.
*»
to elapse k’etin ovV^^jp vi.; qedin qjjaj vL ;
■ «
bi ser ve gun J j <uj vi.
elastic g’ir II >>
M V v
elbow ani§k eiiwjb f.
elder (adj.) mezin qJ<^; mezintir
elder (n.) (village ~) maqdl JajL m.; rispi Lsir -ij m.
M
eldest serek d OJ <k~ m.
7 41
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to elect hilbijartin vt.
election hilbijartin £
elegance ke§xe a^aT/.; k’ubar jb*T£; naziki ^b £
elegant xemili k’ubar jL^Tf; nazik JjG;
••
(of cloth) meles ^aJa.*
elementary school dibistan £; xwendegeha
destp§ki £
ft a
elephant fil m.
elevation bilindayi £
eleven yanzdeh Ao JjJ b
to eliminate ji nav birin q^> j vt.; ji hole
Takirin £Jjb* j vf.;berza kirin Ij jaj vf.
««
eliminated: -to be e. ji hole rabtln j vi.
ell: (cubit) gez I jof £
elm bizi £
• •
to elucidate (explain) §iro vekirin vt/, bi
serda birin qjj Ijja^o vt.
emanation (of light) tirej £
to embarrass g’av §kenandin jjjLiCi JU. vf.
embassy balyozxane AjUj^Jb £
to embellish xemilandin jjjY-oAS vt.; ?nitirandin I
Vt.
ember bizot m./f.; k’ozir jj^S" £.; tiraf ol >.* £;
p’el II Jaj m./£; (ashes with e. in them) helemor
Ajb f
emboldened: -to be ~ to do stg. Tu girtin qJ^ vt.
embrace Kemdz A 3 - £; p’a§il J-iL /.
to embrace Kemez kirin j^a^ vt.
embroidery neqi§ j m./f.
embroidery frame k’ergah Alfj^Tf
emergency (adj.) awarte A^b
eminence serfirazi f
eminent serfiraz jl A**
emir mir I m.\
—•• 7
emphasis: (stress) §idandin f; derb VJ o^ f./rn.;
t’eqil Jjaj f
to emphasize (put stress on, accentuate) §idandin
vt.
empire ork’e dS'jp £
to employ: (use) bi kar anin ^b jlf v vt.;
'emilandin ^jj^ap vt.; xebitandin
vt.; (to engage, hire) ragirtin qj J\ j vt.
employee karmend a3^jIT m.&f.
employment peywir J3 j a> £
emptiness valayi L5 /Vls £ ; bo§ahi I f
empty vala xali; betal Jb^; bo§ I J^p; cilq jJU. ;
(hollow) p’ftg’ (deserted) xir ti xali ^ ^
empty-handed destvala ‘Vliu.oj
empty-headed sersar jLja-*.
empty-headedness sersari j<u* £
••
encampment war m.; zome a-jj £; (nomad ~) k ’05
II 0 £/m.
to encircle dorgirtin vt.; weranin
to enclose Kew§ kirin vt.; zeft
kirin vt.
enclosure k’ozik £.; percan jU-jaj m./f; (in
which ewes lamb) dolge aSjj f; lef o£J £; (open
air, for sheep & goats) guher £
encounter leqa bJ f; berahik J-aIjaj f; p’@rgin
oXk ^ pe§waz
to encounter rast hatin qjIa oJj vi.; leqayi biin
Gs* P’^S 1 bfln 0& J/k vL
t ft ft «
to encourage p’aldan ^jljJb vt.
encouragement p’aldan jljJb f; halan m.
end axiri f; dawi f; k’utasi ^b^Tf;
k’uta b^Tf; tali II ^b f; ser I ja-* m.; xelasi
«•
^'VAi f; (of handkerchief) qilg’ik m.; (result)
••
encam ^UwaS f; (tip, point) serik m./f;
to end qedandin ^ajIjas vf.
to end up: (turn out to be ) derhatin vi.
endeavor bizav f; hewl J^aa f; hewldan
f;
to endeavor bizav kirin v^.;
ending (n.) axiri ^^-b f; k’utasi ^b^Tf; xelasi
•• ••
^'Vas f
••
endless bena U2o; bSKed be k’utasi ^b^T^;
•• ••
beliesab uLa 3 .^; Seri-bini na§ xan§
• ft •• •• «•
endurance hedan ^Ijaa f; t’ab v b f
to endure: (withstand, bear) teyax dan
tami§ kirin ji^b vt.
enemy dijmin m.&£; neyar jb a3 m.
energy t§n ^ f/m.
to enfold werandin I jjj)jo^ vf.
to engage: (betroth) ni§ana fk-§ danin ♦♦♦ bl^J
vf.; §irani xwarin vf.; (hire, procure)
ragirtin J\ j vt.
engaged dergisti C 5 x-J^oj/desgirti ^^Lo/> m.&£
•• t«
engagement ceremony ni§an f
English mglizi (S yJp
Englishman ingliz m.
742
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to enjoy lezet ditin qzja ooj<J vt.
enjoyable bi sebr
to enlighten biriqandin vt.
enmity dijminahi /; neyar! £
enormous girs gumreh Aoqerase <u*1 j«*$;
teriki II (J'j
enough bes I ; t’era xwe 1 Jj; -to be ~ t’era
ft-t kirin *, \vt.
to enquire pirsyar kirin qJ' vt.; salix
kirin qJ' ^JL vt.
to enshroud k’efen kirin c j^ 5 " vt
to ensure pi§trast kirin vt.
entangled aloz j^Jb; to be ~ alozyan vi.
to enter k’etin vi.; tek’etin ^*£0 vi.; derbaz
biin c j^jjL J oj vi.; bihurtin vi.; -to cause to
~ xistin vt.
to entertain mij ul kirin vt.
entertainment mijiilahi f.
enthusiasm hewas £
enthusiast meldar m.
entire t’emam t’evahi /.
entirely lap v *V ; p§va liL>; bi t’emami v ; bi
t’omeri v ; yekser
entirety t’emami /; t’evahi /;
t’omeri du.jp* £
£
entourage (of an emir) sinot
entrails p’iziir pl./£\ rovi II £; iir m.
••
entrance hall sivder joJJi-v £
to entreat (beg) lavahi kirin c j^ C5 *iry vt.; je h@vi
• •
kirin vt.; limej kirin ^ jlJ vt.;
t’eweqe kirin j vt.
entrenched: -to become [well] ~ runi§tin vi.;
cih§ xwe girtin ^p^ vt.
• •
to entrust spartin vt; t’eslim kirin
<o* vt.
entrusting (n.) t’eslim m.
to envelop (cover) hilg’inin vt; peg’avtin
vt.; weranin Q*j\ J o 3 / vt.; (wrap
one's arms around) werandin I jjjl jo 3 vt;
(surround) zeft kirin vt.
envelope zerf <jjoj f. /zerf m.
envious Kevstid
environment jingeh aa&J £
envy g’avnebari /.; g’avfe§i £\
Kevstidi / r> A 3 - /I
to envy 1§ g’avnebari kirin ^Jvt.;
g’avre§i kirin _>jU. vt.; xwezil li fk-£
anin <^jls J Jj^ vt.
ephemeral p’enese <K*v cKJ Aj
epic destan £
epidemic qotik II dbjs £; peji m./£; weba L 0J
epilepsy tep v <d?/tep y*j £; ‘edro
epistle (letter) mek’t’ub I*; name «1 j f.
epoch serdem £; 'esir £
equal (adj.) wekhev ’eyn '» ( n * = peer)
hevbe§ ^<jlJaa m.
equality wekhevi £
equilibrium t’erazi ^j\j<>3 £
00
equipment ; k’el u p’el J«o j J mJ£/pL;
espab pi.
equitable adj.: (just, fair) dadmend rewa I 1 j0 j
equity: (fairness) dadmendi .3 /.
00
equivalent bedel J<o*j f.
era sordsm j/• j esir /,
erect (adj) bel J*,; girj ; qi§t oJii; qund Ajyf; fep
y<V
to erect (hoist a flag) nig’ikandin (jjjlSk; vt.
to err (get lost) xalifin vi.
errand boy qasid m.; qewaz m.
error xelet /./m.; §a§i £; gewti £;
«•
nerasti j«j £
«•
erudition ulmdari /!
••
to escape Tevin q^oj vi.; filitin vi.;
hilhatin vi.
to escort (see s.o. off) rd kirin qJ£^j vt.;
verS kirin c j > T vt.
esophagus zengeluk /; sortgk £
especial t’aybeti
• •
especially nemaze ojL^o; nexasme ilahi
bi t’aybeti
espionage destkisi £
• •
o espy: (catch sight of) qi§irandin vt.
essence t’ebi'et £/m.
m0 m
jssential fer II
■est (superlative degree of adjs.) here I oj<ua ; -tirin
(jIjS **,;ji hemii [x]-tir j;t’ewri
o establish damezirandin vt.;
saz kirin jL vt.
established: -to be ~ p’ekhatin v£
esteem hurmet Jy jt £; ’erz £.; me’rifet
o f; qedir I jjas m.; rSz II SLj /.; rdmet
•Vsv • f - ; giram Jjf f.
743
E
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
estimate t’exmin £
to estimate t’exmin kirin vf.
etc. hwd. b
et cetera hwd. j*a
eternal bena Ll> ; KetaKetayi ; (immortal)
••
nemir
eternally KetaKetayi ^b^b^ £
•«
eternity KetaKetayi /.
ethics exlaq m.; singi
eulogy paye I *jL /
eunuch xadim pjU m.
Euphrates poplar pelk JJoo £
Euphrates River Ferat j<\i m.
Europe Ewrupa £
to evaluate nirxandin jAiU.vt.
even (adj.): (flat, level) dftz (of the same level) xi§t
I - -s.
even (adv.) ji I ; (still [more]) hina L*a
evening Svar jGb f./m.\ de’ne evar§
moxrib m./f.
evening entertainment §evbuherk J£
evening meal nane evari £jb m.; §iv f.
■ ■ ••
event buyer £; serhati y Iaj<u* Kewal
m.\ t’ifaq I q\Ju £
eventide de’ne evar£
ever qet o*s
ever since ji ... ft vir de oj 44 * j; ewey *S;
jeli I J 6 J-, jirki
•• % •«
evergreen (tree) kac ^IT f-
everlasting bena Ll>; KetaKetayi yb^b**^. £
*«
every Kemft ; her j<u&; hergi giqeyse
<Uo <U23-.
every day her roj
everyone t’ev I «J<o
everything t’ev I «J»<u
everywhere li hem! 'erda taj** J
evidence beige <&*j £
evident diyar jb j; k’if§ jUS"; ’eyan jb^ ; xane
£jts; xuya b*i; -to become e. derketin hol@
$a vi.; hatin xan§ ^Ia vi.
••
evil (adj.) p’arsKxwar jl^j^jb; (hostile) §erut o
evil (n.) (wickedness) §er II m.\ xirabi y )£
evil deed[s] finaz jLi m./£.\ xirabi yi ^ £
••
evil eye g’avin yib £; nezer joj<o £
evil person margisk m.
evil spirit cin ^ m.\ xilbilik
ewe: mi I ^ £\ ( 2 - 3 -year-old) berdir j*o ( 3 -year-
• »
old barren ewe) xamberdir /
ewer: (brass ~) misin m.
exactly dirust o~3jj; 'eyni I ; bici
•• ••
to exaggerate nep’ixandin vf.; me§ kirine
gam§§ ^ vt.
examination: (study, investigation) ISkolin qJP^J £;
(testing) saxti L £
••
to examine lekolin vt.; (have a look) dina
«•
xwe dan jta o>s» L>j vf.; (study, investigate) li ser
... Tawestan J vi.; (inspect) seh
kirin qJ' a<u* vf.; saxti kirin qJ' vt.;
• •
( ^carefully) hdr nih§rin vt.
example minak /.; nimune j^oj iI2 .
excellent p’ak Jb; t’aze ojb
except for ji ... der j; ji ... peve j*; ji
bill J; xenci ; meger
excepting (except for) meger
exceptional awarte jl^b
excess zedegavi £\ zedeyi ^y.oAjj £
•« ••
excessive zede oa3j
exchange bedel Joj^ £
to exchange [pe] guhartin ^'jb^f [^j] vt.; guhastin
vt.; veguhastin vt.; bedel
kirin vt.; degi§ kirin vf
to excite suspicion §ik pe§da anin q.j b Ij^o. cib vt.
excrement p’isi Ls ^. £’, g (of birds) g 5 §rt
£; zirig I f.
excuse (pretext) hencet £
to execute qedandin vf.
executioner celat m.; sat’orgi m.
executioner's sword sat’or I ^•L £
exempt xelas
to exert: (o.s.) gergirin vl; teko§in
vi.
exertion cefa li*^ m.
to exhaust: (tire out) westandin vf.; (o.s.)
gergirin vi.
exhausted: (weak, tired) b@Kal -to be e. bihecin
••
vi.; (finished) qedin vi.
exhibit pe§angeh £
exhibition p§§angeh a<\CU 1 j £
to exhort (warn) §iret kirin c y > T vf.
exhortation (warning) §iret oo £
exile: (displaced person) mi§ext co-*u, m.&£\ kogber
m.&£; (banishment) kogberi £;
xurbet f-; sirgfln QliC- f.
744
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to exile sirgfin kirin qP qPP vt.
to exist hebtin aa vi.
existence: -to come into ~ p’eyda bbn Ijoa vi.
to exit derk’etin vi.
expectation g’avniheri f.
expecting: (pregnant) bitiemil J-*a#; biti§t oJxxj;
bizar j)_> j; due an! duhala 'VIajj; giran I
j \ p\ Kemle a1*a:>.; zar II j 1 j
to expectorate (spit) t’if kirin qPU u vt;
t’ti kirin vt
to expel qewrandin I vi.; qewtandin
jjjbjAi' vt; hey kirin qP^oj* vi.
■ ■
to expend (money, effort) serf kirin qP <Jja-, vt.;
expenditure mesref serf Jj<u xerac
m.; xerc m./f.
expense mesref Ja^<u serf j Jt u xerac ^-Ija^
m.; xerc p-j*± m./f.
expensive biha m.; giran I [2]; giranbiha
l^j 1 binerx
experienced dinyaHit! ^yqjLij
to experiment ceribandin vt.
expert pispor jp^ v ; §areza 1>jL
expertise §arezayi ostati ^L-^5 /.
to explain rave kirin qP<u\j vi.; §iro
vekirin Qptf vt.; bi serda birin Ijja~j
vi.; tegihandin Vt.
explanation rave asIj f.
y
to explode (vi.) p’ektn &P+* vi.; p’eqin vi.;
t’eqin ^-jaj vi.
exploit: (deed, feat) kiryar pp f.; fel II Jls /./m.; (evil
~) finaz jLs m./f; (heroic ~) p’elewani ^IjaJaj /.
• •
to exploit k’eda xelqe xwarin qjP ^aJa^ vt.
••
exploitation k’edxwar! ^jI^jaT/.
exploitative xwfnmij
exploiter k’edxwar j1^>jaT m.
exploiting xwinmij
to express anin zim@n vi.; diyar kirin
J vi.
to express gratitude §ikir!na xwe
anin ^(5 ^ Io^Sjz vi.;
E
to extend dir£j kirin vt.; rak 5 i§andin
vi.
extension: (time limit) molet f
extent qiyas ^Ls m.
to exterminate ne*hi§tin vt. neg.; k’ok
qelandin ^jj^aS Jp vt.; qir kirin qP p vt.
extinct: -to become ~ ne*man ^La; vi. neg.; -to render ~
oeax kor kirin jP jp^pp vt
extinction neman ^La; f
to extinguish t’efandin jjjliAi* vi.; temirandin
vt; veku§tin qj^Tas vi.; vemirandin
vt; vesandin vi.
■
extinguished: -to be ~ t’efin vi.; temirfn
fjj^njvi.; vemirin vi.; v§sin
•«
vi.
to extirpate (uproot) hilkirin qPIj* vt.; k 5 ok
qelandin jjj^A* Jp vt.
extra: (spare) berdest II o J j Aj
to extract deranin ^ISjoj vt.; hilk 3 i§andin jjjliS 1a
vt; hilg’inin ^.l^Ia vt; rak 5 i§andin jjjUDj vt.
extraordinary awarte ojJ\p>
extremely belied ja>^; here I Q jAA ; lap ; p§va
• •
Lai*; qewi zede ojJj ^a?
•«
extremity ser I j«u m.
eye g’av JU m.
eye shadow kil I Jf m./f.
eyebrow biril m./f
eyeglasses berg’avk JjUjaj m./pl; g’avik eliU f.
eyelash bijang JjIjj /.
745
F
fable mesel J
fabric quma§ ji L*j> 222.; p’erge m./f.; pertal
J bjdo 222.; t’evn qsaj m./f.
face ru _35j J 72 .; serg’av JU222.; dev u
g’av JUjJioj; dindar I jl jjqj f.; sifet oajL. 222.;
stiret o oj^ 222.; (front) pe§i I f.\ (sour ~,
♦ ♦
frown) me’de 222.; pirg’u 222.
face down deverti ag j A 30 J
face to face ber hev «J<ub j<v; Tft bi rH^>j 33J
to facilitate fe xwe§ kirin vt.;
h§sa kirin qJ' LZj* vt.
facing Taber j^Ay, dijber jajJj; miqabil JjUl*;
pe§ber J
factory pavlike aCU'L /.
to fade (vi.) behitin vi.; beyin vi.;
g’ilmisin vi.; qermig’in ^vi.;
qulibin vi.; sis btin vi.; (vt.)
qermig’andin vt.
faded beqem sis II spig’olki
fag (derogatory term for homosexual) qtinde ojj^’
222.; qtinek 222.
faggot (derogatory term for homosexual) qtinde ojj^s
222.; qtinek 222.
to fail (vi.) hilwe§in vi.; §ihitin vi.;
t§da man IjJj vi.
failure t’ekgtin n&s&j f.
faint (weak) sis II
to faint neHi§ k’etin ^‘aT^^a; vi.; xeriqin ^jIjas
vi.
fair (adj.): (just) dadmend joa*j)j; rewa I
fair-haired (blonde) §e ^
■ ♦
fairness dadmendi f; isaf jLj /.
fairy p’eri II ^jaj £
••
faith bawer[i] [^] JC>J L /.; iman jL-J f.; it’bar
itiqad jLl^J (religion) din III
222.; ol f.
fake qelp I Jaj
fake gold §ib ^ 222.
falcon ba§ok 222.; baz I ju 222.;elih aJaS 222.
fall (autumn) payiz y-ub £
to fall: k’etin ^jaT vi.; nizm bdn vi.; p’ekin
u-Jaj vi.; tera biin 1 jaj vi.; (leaves) werin II
qJ joj vi.; we§in vi.; (rain & snow) barin I
<jjjL vi.; (shooting star) xuricin vi.;
ri j* n chJV vi.
to fall asleep k’etin xew§ ^a*. ^aT vi.; xewa
#•
fk-i hatin ^yjlA*** vi.; xewra gfin
033 ^-
to fall behind paTa man IjL vi.
to fall down (collapse) tot bun ^^oJJvi.
to fall in love dil k’etin Jj vi.;
to fall into place tewa xwe girtin qj 0^ vt.
to fall off: (button) §iqitin Q-yJLZ vi.; -to cause to f.o.
werandin II jjj) jo 3 vt.
to fall out (of hair) werin II vi.; we§in
vi.
to fall silent keT biin q^jaT vi.
fallow land beyar jLaj /.; §ov <Jpi /.
false (wrong, incorrect) xelet oaJaS ; §a§ I
gewt 0 ** 3 - ; (counterfeit) qelp I <_J as; (insincere)
p’arsilxwar
false accusation nebuyi pi.
«•
falsehood: (lie) derew f.; vir II J f.;
nerasti ja3 f.
falsified qelp I <_J A 3
falsity qelpi /.
to falter tertilin vi.
fame nav u deng Jj<o 3 <Jb 222.; navdari f.
familiar: nas nasyar jL~U; (with a topic)
§areza IjojU ; g’avnas [+ li]; (close, of
friends) biste
♦
familiarity: nasi /.; (with a topic) §arezayi
to familiarize with raberi ... kirin
♦ ♦
vt.
family: (nuclear) 'eyal JL»«^ m./f/pi .; k’ulfet 0^3^
zav-zeg olj; (lineage) binemal f.\
malbat «^LJL icax ocax f-/ni.\
(household) xan-man jLjU- 222.
famine xela f.
famished: -to be - deliyan jLJoj vi.
famous binav ft deng <^ 5 boJ 3 <JLo; navdar jljib
fan I (manually operated) bawe§ink /.;
(electric) p’erwane i:; *pang
fan II (supporter, enthusiast) m@ldar jl jJl» 222.
fancy (n.) (whim) qim ^ f.
7 46
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
F
:y (adj.) (elegant) xemili CJ L
nazik Jjb
J all r U m.) kilb .Ji" m di
m.
far ddr
farcy (respiratory ailment of horses & donkeys) ketew
farmer cot’k’ar .iSuia. m.
farmhand hodax m; mi§ag m.
farmstead mezre £;
farness ddr! £
• »
farrier beyt’ar jboou m.
fart tir £; (silent -) fis ^ £
to fart tir kirin (yjfp vt.
fashion: (way, manner) celeb I m.\ form ^
£; reng m.\ cure m.\ t’eher m.
fast (adj.): (rapid) zd[bi] lez I j«J[ v ); xwe§
; geleng
fast (n.) (abstention from food) roj! J2[j £
••
fast-running (horse) qule
fat (adj.): qelew ; k’ok I xurt ;
qalin qJ Is
fat (n.): (grease) bez I m.; don m.; (bits of
sheep’s fattail) kizik f./pl. ; (of food) givir
; (fats used in cooking, e.g., oil, shortening, etc.)
tewa§ jiljAj* in.
fate bext m.\ eninivis qeder II joj^s
iqbal JLiuS 212.; yazi felek JJw /!;
»»
pe§k II
father bav <jL ni. /bab <^l> 122.
■ • •
fatherhood bavi Jl £
father-in-law xezdr m.
father-in-lawhood xezdrt! £
fatherland welat 0^3 m.; mek’an m.
fathom (span of outstretched arms) qulag’ £
fatigue westan I £
fatigued (tired) westiyayi re c t II
fatness qelew! £; k’okayi £
fattail daw I 3 1 j £; ddv I m./£.\ dd II m.;
ter! I ^,aj £
fatty: (of food) givir
fault binas pl\ sdc mJ£\ (defect,
shortcoming) qusdr £
fauna (wildlife) tav d teyr ^ j Jb [tabe d teyr
favor: xatir _,jU. m./f.) (good deed) qenci ^*3 £;
gak! JU £
to favor with layiq kirin q vf.
favored serpi§ik ULfijj
fawn (young of deer) kara xezalJljAS IjlT £.; xif§
jUi £
fear tirs £; xof ojU £; (great ~) saw 3 L £
to fear tirsin vi. [+ji); xof kirin
(be scared to death) [+ji] bizdin qj j jj vi.
fearless g’avsor j^’U-
fearlessness curet £
feast §ayi I £; xiref £.; (meal with good
«*
foods) §ilan II £; naz d ne’met
Feast of Tabernacles kepre§!ne £
feat fel II Jli £/m.; (heroic ~) p’elewani £
* s
feather bask J-L m.; p’er m./£; (plumage) p’drt
features: (facial ~) diruv m.
February Sibat £
feces: gd ^m.\ destav £; (of birds) g’^rt
£; zirig I g,jj £
fed up [with]: -to be f. (to be sick and tired of)
k’erixin vi.
feeble p’epuk I kalume S'm.&f.
feed alif m.; alik <JLJ 15 £/m.; (dried winter
fodder) pdt oj^. m.
to feed: (animals) alif kirin/dan vt.;
xwedi kirin vt.\ (one's family)
debirandin j vf.; ’ebdr kirin c jJ
vt.)
feedbag cuher juty* m.
to feel: (to sense) hest kirin qJ' o^Whts kirin
vt.; Kesin vi.
to feel like [doing stg.l mdla ft-tTa hatin
Qj\jt l j4 . f vi.) qima fk -1 hatin 444 L-J
VI.
VI.
to feel sorry for guneh§ xwe 1§ anin
i) ^ vt
M ••
feeling hest «^Whis £; -to give s.o. the feeling
that... Kesandin vt.
feet -> see foot
to feign xwe ciy§ [or dewsa] fk-§/ft-t dantn
Oe ,J ••• L Vt.
felicitations pirozi £
A*
fellow (man, chap) k’abra )zilam m.
fellow countryman hemwelat! m.
••
felt: (material) kulav o’VjTm./£
felt carpet kulav m./£; tat! m.
felt rug kulav m./f) tat! m.
747
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
female: m§ y» f.; (of animals) mak JL (of canines)
del I J3 j /.
fen: (swamp) genav f.; cimcime II f.
fence geper I k’ozik Jjjb" /; sdr I /.;
(wooden or reed ~) tan jit m.; percan
m.//.; (wooden ' around field) §dre f.\ (iron
~) sime TT 1 .
to fence in Kew§ kirin vt.
fennel rizyane ajLjj f.
fenugreek §embeldle /.
ferment heven ylEbfc m.
to ferment (vi.) germixin vi.; (of yoghurt)
mehin II ^ vi.; (vt.) meyandin vt.
ferocious g’avsor dir jj; gurex
xedar
ferocity g’avsori /.; gurti y/.;
xedari f
fertile: (land) bijun yjj
fervor xiret oo/.;
festival (held at sheikh's tomb) zew
festivities cejin /.
fetters (chains) qeyd aj as /; zinctr £; -fetters
and chains qeyd u gidar Ja^o. 3 aj*s f.
fever t’a III b f.
few: k&m I ^S; -a few gend
fiance(e) dergisti y^fjoj/desgirti y_JL oj m.&f.
fib: (lie) derew jojoj f.\ vir II J f.
fibbing (n.) (telling lies) vireki y"o J f.
Y .
y.j
f
fiber: (thread) dav II <Jb f.
fickle p’arsdxwar jl^st^jb
field zevi y 0 j f.\ mezre O j j f. \ (fertilized ~) axpin
• •
yy 15 f\ (plowed) §ov (plowed & sown)
k’ew§an hox ^pt m.\ (plowed &
sown, but not harvested ~) kat II olT f; (~of study)
war jlj m.\ (open space) qad jU /.
field mouse s§vle alaj
fierce g’avsor y«iL.; dir jj; gurex tund Ajy;
Keg’^; (fig.) dijwar jhjj
fierceness g’avsori f; tundi /.
•* ••
fifteen panzdeh aojjjL
fifth (adj.) penca L>Jo ; (n.): ( 1 / 5 ) penceki yl^Jb f.
fifty p§nci I LJ =pP f
fig hejir jjJaj* f; (dried ~) kitik I JjS f.
fig tree hejir f
fight: (brawl) cerenix 0J <^ /.; de’w II^poj f;
ceng f./m.; doz jp /.; gelem§e f;
gel§ k’e§mek’e§ y aTa^aT p’evgun
Jaj k’eft h left oJaJ j, oJaT sefer jasa*
f.; (battle, war) §er I in.; (struggle) teko§in
yjjjffSo f.\ -to put up a ~ li ber xwe
dan jlj op- jAj J Vt.
to fight (argue) p’evgun vi.; hev xwarin
Jaa vt.; (do battle) §er kirin qJ*j^ vt.;
(struggle) t§ko§in lv vi.
fighter §ervan jlm.; teko§er
figure: (outward appearance) qelafet o<«y*5 m.;
qedqamet o^U'joi (indistinct ") qeret’h
q<^-'o^<\3 m./f.
filaments ri§i m./f.
filbert bindeq joAo/findeq joA^i f.
filbert tree dara bindeqe yio blj /.
file (rasp) k’artik Jj- ege /; (row) r§z I Jj
ref II /./m.; §erit COJ Ajj /.
to file down renin vt.
filial piety kurti II y/.
• •
filings (shavings) qa§il JjsU m./f ; teli§ I m.
to fill t’iji kirin yj' vt.; dagirtin yjl j vt.;
(~ to the brim) mi§t kirin qJ' vt.; (to cram,
stuff) dewisandin jjjLjoj vt.
to fill up tekirin vt.
filled: (~ to the brim) mi§t II
film: (lining on meat) betan jb<*j m.\ (membrane)
p’erde oJjaj /!; (skin on milk) to Ip m.
filter parzhn m.
to filter: (strain) parzinandin jAjbjjL vt.; palandin
jAj'yb vt.; dakirin jjlj vt.
filth qil§r jJi /.; qirej /.; qirejayi /.
filthy qir&j p j; mirdar j ; p’is d
pelos (jpi <*->.3 u^,
final (last) pa§in yyl>; dawin -§ ddmahtk§
finally axiriye y>^b; dawiy§ y^l^; di encame de
• • tt
oj y-JiAj j; bi k’utasi ^byj; tali II ^Jb f.
• ■ ■ ■
to find dttin yp vt.; p’eyda kirin q^Iaj^ vt.;
veditin yovt.
to find fault with me’na fk-e gerin
to find one's way vSk’eftin vi.
to find out (about) p§ Jiesin y^^y vi.;
salix hildan ^IaIa ^JL vt.; hay j§ hebdn
yj- vi.; sen kirin jj" aa. vt.
fine (n.): (penalty) cerime j<^ /.; cirm f.
fine (adj.): (nice) xwe§ yo*s ; ke§xe ;
(high quality) cindi ^Aia.; t’ekdz ; t’aze
748
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
F
VI.
ojb; (in small particles) hfir I JJi5 jfc/hflrik
hflrhflrik’ -J J 3 pt>
to fine cirmdar kirin qJj)j>^^ vt.
fined; (sentenced to paying a fine)' cirmdar
finger tilt I /.; bdg’i II f; -index ~ t’iliya
ni§an§ £jLLb LJj; -middle ~tiliya nevi L$ Ap LJj
t’iliya ort’e £b jp LJj /.; -ring ~ t’iliya
gustile LJj
finger joint geh I JtJ f.
finger-ring gustil J Jj f.
fingernail neynUk /.; dirnax £bjj m.
fingertips ser§ tipla Jy <A —-
to finish xelas kirin qJ vt.', qedandin
jjjb«u vt .; k’uta kirin qJ\jJ vt.
finished: (over, done) xelas derbazbuyi
^j^jbjoj; -to be f. (over, done) k’uta
• i
bUn \jJ vi.; qedin vi.
fir (tree) kac ^If /.; merx f.
fire agir Ju 222.; ar jb m.; p’et §ewat
/; rivin f.
to fire (dismiss, sack, from a job) qewrandin I
jjj)J3di vt.; (heat up a kiln) sincirandin
vt.; (shoot a gun) t’eqandin j jj b*y vt.
fire brand bizot o]>j m./f.\ p’el II J*j m./f.
fire tongs p’elegirk J J<^^ f.
fire worship agirperesti C5 ^ 0J <\^/l c f.
fire worshipper agirperest m.
firefighter agirkuj jJJb 222.
firefly pispisok I f.
fireman agirkuj jJJb 222.
fireplace pix§rik Jppo /.; ocax f./m.; tifik
JjLi f.
firewood qogik Jp m.; (twigs) Kejik 222.; (wet
~) terik II Jjoj 222.
v
firing pin (part of gun trigger) dik§
t’iving§ JJ& jjj in.
firm: (sturdy) zexm ^oj; teyax (tight) Ki§k
cJLio. ; qalin qJU ; (stiff, hardj req II y, (stable)
tami§ jpJj
firmament goveked ‘ezmine P L
firman ferman jLj*i /.
firmness (strength) zexmi j f
first: pe§in ; ’ewil ; yekem sift
ooa-; (favored) serpi§ik JLijjcu,; -at first ber§da
Ijujaj; ji reve *j£jj
first-born nuxuri m.
fish mas! m./f.
if.
OJU
fish eggs xerz 222.
fish roe xerz 222.
fishbone dasi ^b 222.; stiri I /Y222.
fisherman masigir 222.; t’orvan 222.
fishnet t’or I jp f./m.
fissure: (crack) derz Jjoj /.; kel§ jJaT £; qeli§tek
/.; terk I /.; ti§ I <jLJ /.
fist mist o—* f/m .; k’ulm £
fit (hale and hearty, robust) pit I
fitting: (suitable) layiq ; babet II o<vb; hinkfif
; -to be ~ lehatin vi.
*«
five penc p^bb
X J , ••
five hundred pencsed j<u^tbb
to fix: (repair) ge kirin vt.; (make, prepare)
ge kirin vt.; (set, determine) k’if§ kirin
vt.
to fix up 'edilandin vt.
flag al[a] bb] Jb /.; beraq jl jp f.
flag-bearer beyraqbir 222.; beraqdar
jljil^ 222.
flakey t’eres
flambeau (torch) xetire f.
flame agir Jb 222.; alav Ji'Vb /.; p’et 0^.
§ewat /.; rivin /.
flank k’elek J«UlT teni§t p’al Jb f./m.
flap: (panel, of a skirt) daw I jb /.; damen
j 111.; p’e§ II (outer f. of tent)
he§i (jjp* f
to flap (vi.) (of flag) p’el dan <jb Jbj vt.
to flap about (vi.) p’irpitin vi.
to flare up (flame) vek’etin vi.
flash (of lightning) trusk f.
to flash (vi.) (of sparks) p’ekin qJ^ v vi.
flask gumgum +JLJm./f.; (bottle) §fi§e f.
flat: (even, level) dUz j^s, pehn I
flat broke rUt o
flat stone: (broad stone) sel 222.
flatiron dt’i f.
to flatter (ingratiate o.s.) xwe §irin kirin
qJ op-Vt.
flatulence tir j> f.; (silent) fis f.
flavor lezet ooj^J f
flaw: (defect) qusur f.; kemasi f.
flax k’itan f.
to flay: (to skin) gurandin j! jJ vt.
flea keg’ f
749
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to flee revin vi.; filitln vi.; hilhatin
vi.; -to cause to ~ revandin vt.
fleet (of ships) stol f.
flesh go§t o m.
flexible (pliant) ter ja;
flier: see flyer
flint berheste a^aAja> m.; heste ax^aa m.\ arbe§k
djiA>jb m.
flintstone berheste <u^ aAjaj m.; heste a^aa m .;
arbe§k J-iAjjb m.
flock: (of birds) ref I m./f.\ t’elp aj m.\ (of
sheep) pez jaj m.\ keri II ^jaTiu.; col Jjp. m.\
••
kar II jU m.\ sftri m .; (small f. of sheep)
kewal f./pL ; (of sheep, for sale) celeb II
<_j«*J m.\
• •
flood l§mi§t f; lehi ^aJ f.\ §ape II ajL f.\
selav /.; tofan jUjpr /.
flooding (n.) avrabftn J\s f.
floor: 'erd jja* m./f.] (story of a building) qat oU
m./£\ ("the floor” = the right to speak) destftra
peyve ^ <Kj 1 o »3 ./•
«•
flour ard jjb m.; arvan jbjb m.
flourishing ava lib; §en
to flow: herikin (J-Jjaa vi.; k’i§in <j-JS vi.
flower gul f. ; kulilk /!; g’ig’ek Ja^:>
mom /.
flower bed §ov f ; qarix ^-jls m.
flowing: (strongly of rain, etc.) gur II
flu persiv <d~*jAj m./f.; sat’ircem P a»._^ j‘ /.
fluff (down) t’ftk I f.
fluid ( adj.) avi ; Ton II
««
fluid (n.) Ton II m.
fluidity Ton! II /!
flute: (kaval) biltlr J3Sf L f.
flute player bilftrvan m.
to flutter about (as in death struggle) p’irpitin
vi.
fly me§ f; -sand fly axftrk J j 3 p.b/Jf.
to fly firin vi.; teyirin ^^aj vi.
to fly into a rage kerbSt fk-i bftnewe = vebftn
Vi.
fly swatter m&§kuj ni.
flyer: (pamphlet, circular) belavok Jjj^a> f.
foal cani f; k’urik m.; ( 3 -year-old) berzin
I m.; ( 4 -year-old) nftzln ^ m.
foam k’ef *JaT f.; (~on butter) dewjin jj>j f.
fodder alif <Ji}b m.; alik dLJb f./m.; (winter sheep
fodder) g’ilo II m.; (dried winter ~) pftt oj$j
m.; (dried grass or hay) r§si (_^.j f-
foe dijmin m.&f.; neyar jCaj m.
fog mij p m./f.; dftman £; moran jp £;
kirove oSpf f\ xumam pL^ £; (thick ~) t’elp
^Jaj m.
mm
m
foiled attempt t’ekgftn £
fold qat ob m./f.; tew^Aj- f; (wrinkle) qermigok
Jl^.Ai f.
•« ••
to fold p’eg’an vt.
folk gel JaTiu.; xelq a^. m.; net’ewe 03 Aj Aj f./m.
folkdance govend aja f.
folklore zargotin 1j £; folklor jjKJp f;
keleptir jj^oJofm.
folktale g’irok Kekyat f.
to follow dan jlj vt.; dan pey ^aj jljvf.;
dh gfin^j^^j vi.; dh hatin q.A vj.; dh
k’etin vi.; pey hatin ^aj vi.
♦ ♦
to follow advice §ireta fk-i hildan
(jl jJ _<5 ♦ * * b vt.) dan pey §ireta
fk"*l * 1 + ijdJ
vi.
to follow in s.o.'s footsteps (tracks) Teg’a fk-e/ft-i
follower mirid m.; etba U. aj
following (last) pa§in
following day: -on the ~ rojtir
to fondle (caress, pet) miz dan vt.;
perixandin aj, vt.
fondness *delali
••
food a§ jib m./f; xurek m.; xwarin jji>>
/.; zad jIj m.; nan m.; emek Ja^ c m.; qut
o^i m./f.; rizq jjj m.\ (good naz ft ne’met
oA^Aj j jb ; (for trip) azftxe Ac^b /.;
foodstuff qftt 0^3 m.//.
fool qe§mer ja^as m.;
to fool xapandin jAibU. vt.; l§bandin j^iblJ vt.;
di serda birin bjA^j vt.
fooled: -to be ~ l§byan jL^J vi.; xapin vi.
foolish aqilsivik ciiiuJib
foot: p’e II ^ m.; ling m.; qedftm p^JAi' m.;
(of child) pepik a> m.; (of inanimate object)
binp ; (of mountain) binat’ar jbbo f;
damen qaJj m.; p’al Jb f./m.; qunt’ar jUiy f*
foot and mouth disease mazber jajjL; tebeq I
£
footnote t§bfni . < x^Zj f.
1 3 •• • *•
750
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
footprint dewsa lingan ; (animal ~s) ta V b
m.
footshackles g!dar Ja^ £
i
footsoldier peya I Laj m.
footstep gav <Jif £; p§ngav ol&i> /■; §op yjb* f-
footwear p’Slav sol meras
m.; qondere ojo^p f.
for [ji] bo II y> [j]; bona b£; ji ... re J;
seba 1 >a*,;
li J; (in favor of, pro, supporting [a cause])
mdldar Ja-Ll.
for example meselen jaJa-va^ ; wek
minak JL^» Joy bo nimune
for instance meselen ; wek
minak Joy bo nimtine
for sure teqez jajaJ
for the sake of bo xatira 1 >rU. £ ; seba 1 >a~
forage alif oiJb m.; alik JUU /./m.
foray cerd I jja?- f.
to forbid qedexe kirin ojas vt.;
berbend kirin jj ajja; vt;
ne*hi§tin vt. neg.
forbidden qedexe AioJAs; (according to Islam) Keram
force (strength, might) hel I JIa £; hez jIa /;
qedtim ^jas m.; qewat oIjaj qudret oa
f\ xurti (jj £; zexm [2]; zor I jjj
zordesti ojjjj /; (violence) k’otek Jaj^T/.
forced negar jL.aJ; mecbtlr ; p^wist
forced labor olam £; *suxre
forceful bihez _>!#; (of rain) xurt oj^
ford bihur m./f.
forearm zend I jjoj f./m.
forecast p§§b!n! C5 ^~4>. f.
forefront berahik cIaIjaj f.
forehead eni y&S navg’av Jibob f./m.; ne’tik
i •*
cJapaj £
foreign biyan! xerib
foreign country xurbet xeribstan
foreign land xurbet o<u^ £; xeribstan jl £
foreigner xerib ^jas
forelock ne’tik <-kpAj £; t’fincik f
foremost p6§in
forest daristan f. : dehl Ja<>j £/m.; m§§e
£/m.; r@l Jjj £
forever Ketafietayi ^b’A^bAa* £
■'W
F
foreword: (preface) p§§gotin f.
forged (counterfeit) qelp I ,_J
to forget [ji] bira fk-t gfin/kirin j
to forgive bex§andin ^AiL^y vt.; ’efd
kirin (yj* vt.; ISborin vt.;
1 § xwe§ biin c j a3 j J^o^. y} vi.
••
forgiveness 'efu m./f.; leborin £
fork: gengal JUja^ £ ; getel Jaja» £/m.; (~ in the
road) duriyan jb^p ( 3 -pronged ~ for tamping
down threads on a loom) pijik I Jy^ m.
form §ikil JSJ m.; te§e f./m.; teva I Uaj m.;
form pjji £; qalib m.; (appearance)
qelafet oa$Na s m.; dilqe aaJj m.
formal (official) resmi C 5 ^o J ; ferma Lja*
to fornicate [with] gan I jlT vt.; nayin ^jb vt.;
k’utan jb>T vt.
fort kela ^aT £
fortifications geper I jaj a> k’ozik £;
senger jaCa ^ m.
fortified ase ^b
to fortify ase kirin yJS vt.
fortress kela ^aT f; hire ^ asegeh aaS^Is £
fortunate bextewar Jjax^aj
fortune: (one's in divination) fal Jb £;
(good fortune) oxir yp £; bextewar! ^jljAXa-Aj
•«
£; iqbal JbJuj m.; sitid A tiM £; (one's fate)
felek JJ as
pe§k II
fortune teller falgi m.&£\ remildar j\ j-Loj
»»
m.&f; pildar jIaIo m.
fortune telling fal JU £; remil J -*oj £.; (profession of
diviner) falgit! £
forty gil
foul (dirty) p’is xop’an jb^i
foul-mouthed devgti
foul smell kureder jo^oj^f £
foul-smelling geni ^aT
found (situated, located) mewefid
to found damezirandin qa^IjJaJj vt.; saz kirin
qJ’ jL vt.
foundation: (basis) bin I qj m.; binat’ar jblu £;
bingeh aa^ £; bin! y~> £; esas^LAS m.; K!m
^ in.; (association, corporate body) saz! ^jL /.
founded: -to be ~ p’ekhatin qj[& «JIj vi.
fountain §ad!rewan ^>.^b: /.
four gar I jU. ; -on all fours garlep! ^aJjU. £; -unit
••
of 4 items nfir! c9Ja5 3
751
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
four hundred garsed
fourteen gardeh Aojjb>.
»
fourth (adj.): gara ; garemin
fourth (n.): ( 1 / 4 ) gar@k JbjL. f.
fox Tovi I m.
mm
foxhole geper I jaj f.\ k’ozik JjjT/.; senger
j aSo 773.
foyer hey wan I jl^AA f.
fragile (easily hurt) dilziz jjjJ j
fragment p’erge a^jaj m./f.
fragrant biixwe§
frame gargove a^jL* /.; perwaz f\ (build,
appearance of a person) qedqamet
-embroidery f. k’ergah £
framework gargove Aj^jU. f.;
francolin (type of quail) por I u £/m.
frank dilp’ak JUj
frankness dilp’aqiji ^Uj /; dilp’aki ( JL Jj f.
fratricide birakuji ^>51 /!
fraud t 5 e§qele aJaJua; /!
freckle xal II Jls. f.\ deq qoj /.; kula Helebe
^aJa^^t f-
• •
free: (liberated) aza[d] [j]) jl 5 : serbest o— j J
(idle) betal (exempt) xelas ^^Ai
free lunch: -to get a ~ (profit from s.o. else's labor) bi
§opa §ixrevana ketin Af vl
free ride: -to get a ~ (profit from s.o. else’s labor) bi
§opa §ixrevana ketin jblao ^ bj^j v vi.
freedom azadi serbesti f.\
>• • • • •
rizgari j f. : — from care bexemi u
■■ ^ •• ••
freedom fighter p5§merge aTjAcJ^Ij m.&f.
to freeze: (vi.) cemidin vi .; qefilin
vi .; qerimin j^-. ja '3 vi.; qerisin vi.; qe§a
girtin qj f.; (be numb with cold) simirin
vi.; (fig., e.g., in politics) mehin II ^
vi.; meyandin jjjb^ vt.
to freeze up (vi.) (stiffen) tevizin vi.
f -
frenzied heg 5
t’im pj
fresh t’aze ojb; nft^; ter ja^ ; (cool) henik
▼
freshness (coolness) henikayi f.
mm
to fret k’eder k’i§andin jojaT vt.
Friday tni f; Cume a_*^ /.
friend heval JUaj& m.&f.; hogir m.\ dost
m.&f; yar jb m.&f; olda§ jlljJjp m.
friendship hevalti ^Uaa f.; dost! f.;
yari I f
frigate (warship) ferg@t f.
fright tirs f.; saw /.; xof f.
to frighten tirsandin jjjL js vt.; xof
kirin <S^vt..
frightened: ziravqeti ^yAjSljj; -to be ~ veciniqin
c j^jLo-A3 vi.
frigidity sari I f.
fringe[s]: (tassel) gftfik f.; gulik pf; ri§!
cs^iJ mJL
frisky sergerm ^aT,
frivolous t’ewekel JaS^a;
frog beq f./m.; (bullfrog) qftrqftrok f.
from ji I j; Ii J
from above serda Ijja-*
from afar ji dftrve as^j j
from all around ji her ali ^[5 jojt j
rnm
from all sides ji her ali jaa j
m §
from behind para )jL> ; ji pa§
from below jela ^3 j
from every which way ji her ali ^15 jaa j
••
from here ji vira 1 J j
from now on ji niha ft wevatir j j; hew
pi$tir ja Jt; ji vir bi §ftn ve a^^^ J j ;
vira hada IjIa 1 J;
from the point of view of ji aliy£ ... ve a$ 4 „ j
••
from the standpoint of ji aliye ... ve a 3* #4 j-
••
front (n.) p§§i I ^ f. ; (forward part, e.g., in
automobile) sing jS™ m./f.
front seat (in automobile) sing m./f.
front line cephe a&> a?, f.
front part pe§i I f.
mm
frontier sinor m.; t’ixftb m./f;
Ked jd.> m .
frost xftsi qirav Jil j qe§a Ua5 f; Ki§ki
Jj^f
froth k’ef oaT/.
frown pirg’ft m.
to frown me’de xwe tir§ kirin q^lt-
mm
vt.; pirg’fty§ xwe kirin qJ* ^ vt.;
rft qermig’andin jjjU^jA? ^j vt.
frozen cemidi qefili ^9^9
fruit: ber jaj V f./m.; emi§ m. [ 1 ]; fiki
m./f; mewe m.; (dried) kagkagk
(newly ripening) balete a^'aJL /.
fruit roll (dried pressed fruit) bastiq (j^b f./m.;
g’ir >^ 3 . m.
• ^ M M
m
fruitless beber x i r § cr>>
752
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
F
to frustrate qehirandin ^jjI vt.
frustrated: -to be ~ qehirin qj^aas vi.
to fry qelandin vt.; qewrandin II jjJljjAs
vt.;
(in butter or oil) qijilandin jjj'Vji vt.
frying pan t’awe 03b f.; miqilk f.
to fuck gan I vt.; nayin ^.b vt.; k’utan ^b^f
vt.
fuel ardH^jjb m.; §ewat
fugitive: (runaway) firar j)m.; qagax m.;
revi I ^'0j m.; (displaced person) mi§ext co-«u
m.&f.
full t’iji (filled to the brim) mi§t II ;
(satisfied, having had one's fill) t’Sr I
full moon hiveron f; tava hiv§ Ub f.
fully lap ; peva l£o
to fume (be very angry) xeyidin ^ joa*. vi.
fun k’ef o&f f.; sebr jjcu f./m.; t’ab ^b f.
function rol Jjj f.
fundamental bingehin ^aa^o
funeral hewar! f.;
funeral procession k’otel Jaj^T f.
funnel kovik f.; masterk J f.\
gewri ^ J3 Af f.
fur (of animals) pirg’
furious har jIa; K§g 5
/vJ Jo as. vi.
^ (> «•
f./m.; t’tik I f.
-to become ~ xeyidin
furnace ocax f./m.; tifik J Ju f.
furrow (in brow) qermigok f.; (in field) §ov
f.; §ax ^-U f./m.; xet oa*. f./m.
fury h£rs ^^Ia f.; xezeb v ajAd. f.;'e rn qjap m./f.;
k’erb m.; g’avsori f.; liiddet
••
f.; hari ^Ia f.
fusillade §§lik JUli f./m.;
fussy t’orin II qjP m.
futile betal Jb'Aj
future pa§eroj jgjA^b f.
7 53
4
gadfly moz I jp* £; k’erm£§ £
gain qazanc giljls f./m.; x£r ft b@r 3 pp. £
to gain qazanc kirin qJ' jisvt.
to gain on (catch up with) dan ser vt.
gait (walk) bi r£ ve gftn f-
gall: (bile) zirav II Jt jj m.; (abscess on horse's
back) cedew
gall bladder zirav II Jtjj m.
galled (afflicted with sores on horse's back)
cedew!
oJ«^>
C$3
gallop gargav J'lfjU. £.; kar I jUm.
to gallop gargav! kirin vt.; xar kirin
qjS 'jU vt.; -to let cause to ~ (horses) qo§ kirin
vt.; xar dan q\j jU vt.
galloping (n.) xar I jU m.
gallows daraxag jIj /.; sedare ojIaI* ^> sep’i
. y ... f
a l -
game listik £; yari II ^L. £.; tirane <ot p
««
£;(~ played with 9 small stones) nehberk
f; (~ played with stones/tiles)
heftok pL; (hunted animals, quarry)
§ikar J&z f.
gang cerd I £.; nijde ojp £
to gang up on: le civ!n vi.
gaol (= jail) girtigeh £; Kebs £.; zindan
£/m.
gap (interval) navbir! /.
gaping (of wound) jev Joj*
garb g’ek Jas. m./f.
garbage gile§ { J^if m.; zibil Jjj £
garbage dump zaboq £
garbanzo beans nok Jp m./£; alinok JpJb m.
garden baxge m.; bax £l> m.; bistan m.;
(vegetable ~) le’tik cJLpJ £
garden bed §ov Jpi £
garden cress re§ad jUoj £; d£jnik Jjpp £
garden peppergrass re§ad jUoj £; dejnik Jjpo £
gardener baxvan jUpb m.; cenan m.\ rezvan
jUjoj m.
garland: (wreath) gulwaz jtjJ jfm./f; gulbend
£
garlic sir £; (wild ~) sirim £; (mountain ~)
soryas £
garlic press: (wooden ~) sirkut oPS-^ m.
garment: (made of coarse wool or sackcloth) lop yp) f.
(worn over shirt, held in place with belt) xeftan
m.
garnet lal II m./£
gas: (flatulence) tir p £; (silent flatulence) fis ^ £
gate dergeh jb<xf J 0 j> £/m.\ dev Joj m.
gatekeeper dergevan m.&f.
to gather: (vi.) berhev bftn
civin q-m- vi.; k’om biin pjT vi.; t’op
bun c j 55 j yp vi.; xir ve bun q&> as pi. vi.;
lexlem!§ biin c p 5 j (jP^aIpaJ vi.; (vt.) berhev
kirin vt.; civandin vt.;
k’om kirin qJ? vt.; t’op kirin vt.;
xir ve kirin ^p" *3 vt.; hildan jt jJa vt.
gatherer berevker jaSj'ojaj m.
gathering civat £.; t’op I yp - £.
to gather up hildan jtjJj* vt.; hilg’in!n vt;
gauze: (fine ~) garik £/m.
gay: (merry) ge§
gazelle ask d_~b £.; xezal I J 1 j*s £; mambiz p_.L
m.&f.; (young ~) xif§ £
gecko kilife a*J S'm.; marmaro§k I *Jjjp,LjL £
geese --> see goose
gelding exte m.;
gem cewahir m./f.
Gemini c£w! m.; leyl ti mecnftn 3 Jjd
%%
£
endarme cendirme
ender: (grammatical) zayend jjy \ j £; cins
zarav Jitjtj m.
eneral (adj.): (public) gi§t!
••
enerality t’omer! £
M
eneration cil J-o. /.; nif§ £/m.; govek J Jp
enerosity earner! /.; k’erem pojATf.;
merday! ja- /.; (generous deed) himmet
••
enerous earner /ciwam£r P^t>^ ; merd
enie cin q.*. m.; ji me g£tir ^ j pi.
754
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
G
gentle: (light, delicate) nazenin ^©jb; narin
nazik Jjb; (of breeze) tenik Jj*j; (affectionate)
dilovan jUjJj; (compassionate) dil§ewat o1j<u;Jj
; (easily hurt, fragile) dilzlz _>jjJj; (soft, mild) nerm
§irin j^i; (of sound) ziz I
gentleman cam£r m./ciwamdr
t’ofin II j jp m.
gentleness ftinermi nazik! ^b f.; nerm!
* t.\ §irim f.
• ■ ■■
gently berxweda Ijoyi
genuine fast o-1 j; bifa III 1^; xweru j&joy*
genuineness fast! f; birati II 1 ^ f.
•« ••
geomancer remildar m.&f.
geomancy remil J-.© j £
Georgian (native of Caucasian Georgia) gurc I
m . &£
germ (cracked wheat ~) savar jU’L m./£
to get: (become) btin j^ vi.; lehatin vi.;
man jL vi.; (to receive) wergirtin qj_Xjo 3 vt.;
standin jjjl^* vt.; (to obtain, acquire) bi dest
xistin ^^ 0 * o—o jo vt.; bi dest ve
anin q*j\s jo vt; hasil kirin qJ' J-.L& vt.;
p’eyda kirin j^Tljo^ vt.; (to engage, hire)
ragirtin q.‘s J\j vt.
Get away! (scram!) w8da 1 jJb,
to get away (escape) filitin vi.
to get down dahatin ^IaIj vi.; dak’etin j vi. ;
peya btinj^. b«u vi.
to get even with: (pay s.o. back, punish) heqe fk-i da
hatin ^‘ba 1 j avi.
to get in touch with k’etin t’Skilfye ^JSl? vi.
to get lost (lose one’s way) fieyrin vi.; xalifin
vi.
Get out! (scram!) w@da IaI?
to get out (of car, bus, etc.) peya bun js* L vi.
to get ready k’ar§ xwe kirin j_/ vt.; -to ~ to
attack xwe §idandin jjjloJ; ©*s vt.
to get rid of ji fk-e xelas bun j^ j vi.;
yaxa xwe ji fk-§ xelas
kirin j UL vt;
k’uta btin j^ b>T vi.
to get up: (to rise) rabiin j^l j vi.; (to wake up) ji
xew rabtin j^lj j vi.;
to get well (be healed) qenc btinj^p^ vi.;
(recuperate) serxweda hatin qjU vi.
ghost qeret’ti ^©j** m./f.
gift dayin II ^1 j f.; diyari ^b j £; xelat
f./m.; p’£§k’£§ jZ&Ij f.; perd^^u £
gigantic girs gumreh Ao^f; qerase
giggle p’lrqin /.
giggling p’lrqin f.
to gild tamandin jjjLb vt.
gimlet burxi £; (auger) mikare ©jlsG m.
• 4
ginger zencefil ^Li^oj £
to gird o.s. (put on cartridge belt) bejna xwe girSdan
j1jJj5^ b JAj Vt.
girder be§t f.; garite m.; k’Sran ji JLf m.\
max m.
girl keg’ ^S' f.; qiz yy f.\ dot o>Jj £; zer! I f.;
(affectionate term for one's wife) pite ^xj f.(voc.)
girlfriend yar jb f.
girlhood qizti jiyj f.
• •
to give: dan I jlj vt.; (a gift) bex§andin jjJ vf.;
p’e§k 5 §§ kirin vt.
to give back (return) vegerandin jjj vt.;
zivirandin vt.
to give birth zayin j vt.; welidin qj jJ© 3 vi.;
welidandin jjjjjJ^ vt.; ber pirka k’etin
vi.; razan ji ji j vi.; (of dogs) t’eliqin
vi.; (of mares, horses) firk bun j^ vi.
to give in: (yield, cede) daxwarin jjl^i.1 j vt.
to give refuge to: hewandin jjjlj^a. vt.; ci kirin
j vt.; hewirandin jjjl vt.;
to give to understand tSgihandin jjol^u; vt.
to give up (surrender, capitulate) hatin Ta§
iJh vL
glad dilxwe§ jio^^Jj; k’efxwe§ §a U;
bextewar
glad tidings (good news) mizgini /.
• •
glade (clearing) t 5 h§ I f.
gladly ser g’av@ min j- jjU
glance: meze nezer j0 j{.; zen I £;
(scornful) avir m./f.
V
to glance at z§n dan j)j d*J vt
glass: §ii§e (small tea ~) peyale Jb f.;
istekan jbJu^J (drinking tumbler)
avxork perdax ^-Ij m.; gilas
m.; peyale Jb*j f.
glasses: (eyeglasses) berg’avk m./pl.;
g’avik JLiU. f.
glaucoma ava fe§ f.
755
G
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
gleam tir§j f.
to gleam teyisin Vi.
glimmer (of light) slnahl f
••
to glimmer teyisin VI*
to glisten teyisin vis
to glitter biriqin vi.; birtisin g~ia 3 -h vi.;
g’irftsin g^-aa-^ vi.; teyisin vi .; teys dan
o' J Lrt* vt
globe thistle §ekrok
gloomy (sad) meltil ; mirdz t’efekdrt
G 9 j 3 X zelul (Jq<$Joj
glove lepik db«d m.; destgork /; t’etik
m.
glue: (shoemakers’ & bookbinders’ ~) gulik JJX ;
sirez G /.
* ^ ft ft A •
to glue zeliqandin vt.; pevekirin
vt pevenan jbaJij vt.
gluey g’ir II
gluttonous xure
gnashing: (of teeth) girke-girk f./m.; qirg’e-
qirg 5 f-
gnat pe§i II m.\ vizik £
• •
to gnaw kurisandin I vt.; kotin vt.;
vegevizandin vt.
to go gfin vi .; herin vi.; qedimin
vi.; xwe weranin G^b*s q^ vt.; (walk)
me§in g^*-* vi.; bi re ve gtin vi.
to go after (to set out in search of) bi dd
k’etin ^ v vi.
to go astray xalifin j-iJU. vi.
to go back (to return, vi.) vegerin vi.\ zivirin
J vi.; fetilin g^'^ vi.
to go back on one’s word levebdn Gas-?*^ vi.
to go bad tierimin g^j^ vi.; fesidin vi.;
rizin g^.Jj vi.; helisin g^-*^ vi.
to go before (precede, lead) li p§§iya fk-e
k’etin ... XX.J vi.
to go down dahatin vi.; dak’etin vi.;
peya banj^ Lou vi.
to go forward p§§k’etin qjXX, vi.
to go into tek’etin 0 s vi.; (details, etc.) li ser ...
rawestan Gb-^jb ♦ jX vi.
to go off (be fired, of gun) t’eqin ^*3 vi.
to go on (light up) hilbun vi.
to go out derk’etin vi.; derhatin vi.;
(be extinguished) t’efin g^^’ vi.; temirln
G vemirin g^** vi.; v§sln
vi.
to go out of existence ne*man Gb<6 vi. neg.
to go over (with fine-tooth comb) htir
niherin X& vt.
to go to bed rak’etin j vi.; razan Gbb vi.;
nivistin g^— & vi.
to go to sleep rak’etin qjoS) j vi.; razan Gbb vi.;
k’etin xewe y i.; xewa fk-1
• t
hatin g>^«*« vi.; xewra gdn Gaa^ bj^ vi.;
(of feet, hands, etc.) qerimin g^j^‘ vi.;
tevizin vi.
to go up derk’etin vi.; (the sun)
hilhatin g^U^ vi.
goad: (oxgoad) misas /.
to goad: (drive, spur on) xurin III vt.;
xurandin G^b^ vt.
goal armanc ^Ljb qesd a-* *3 /.; mebest Aj <A..a
/; meqsed /.; merem m./f.; n§t o-b
/.; miraz jl ^ m./f.
goat (billy ~, male ~) neri I m.; (nanny ", female
••
bizin g>? £; (1-3-year-old female ~) tu§tir jXv 3 f;
(angora ~) gur I J33 >. ; Kitik ; (young male
g.) hevtir! m.\ (1-2-year-old male ~)
••
gisk J—-T m.; (2-3-year-old male goat) kdr I
m.\ sayis m.
goat's hair kulk /.
goat’s wool kej II j*\T /.
goatsbeard (bot. Tragopogon pratensis ) gezbelok
jjj -yellow g. siping f./m.
goatskin sack ’eyar jLap ni.\ ’eyar§irk
me§k JliA-o /.; (for storing water) k’unk 122 .
God Xwed§ m.\ Elah m.\ cebar I m.
godfather k’iriv XX 212 .
going on (e.g., 16 going on 17) see qulibin ly vi.
goiter perizade /.
gold z§r m.
gold coins zer _bJ pi-
gold merchant z§rker m.
gold pieces z§r _bj pi.
golden zerTn
goldsmith z§rker jaS^jJ m.
good (adj.) ba§ qenc ^aS; rind jj j\ p’ak Jb;
xwe§ ^
••
good (n.) menfa’et o^L/.
good breeding ‘edeb I
756
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
G
good bye (said by guest to signal his intention to leave)
xatira te aj 1 >>'Lx ; (response of host) oxir be
■ v e
AJ _jSyJ
good-for-nothing sakol m.; qe§mer m.;
t’ewt’ewe ojajjaj; emekKeram m.\
tew§
good housekeeping (thrift, economy) serweri f.
good humor xwe§i f.
■»
good luck oxir yp f.
good-natured dilrefim
xo§-me§reb
good news mizgini f.
••
good omen t’iberk f.
good reputation hetk f.
good spirits xwe§i f.
• •
good turn: (a favor) qenci C5 ^^’ £
good will xatir pU. m./f.\ xerxwazi f
goodheartedness dilgaki f.
• a
goodness ba§i ^b f.\ qenc! f; gaki £; xer
M •• •*
I /.; rindayi aJj £; k 3 erem f; p’aki
• • I
£\ dilrehmf L$0 ^ 0 P j f; xwe§! f.
•• ••
goods (property) mal II JL m.; e§ya Iaaj in.; pertal
Jb jaj pi.; (of the poor) sit 3 ar f.
goose qaz jU f.
goose bumps girizok Alyjf m.
goose flesh girizok Apyjm.
gopher: (errand boy, messenger) qasid a~U ni.\ qewaz
j Ijj Ai> m,
gorge: (ravine, canyon) dergeli ^a^oj in/, derteng
£; geboz £\ geli II ^ m.; zer II joj
zang jSlj f./m .; dehl Jj*oj f./m.; newal J^a;
f
gorgeous gurci
gossip (idle talk) galegftrt c^/aJIT f/, galigal Jlfllff.;
kurt u pist ^ f/, pa§gotin! £;
• •
gotgotk Jj pjyf £; (malicious ~) qumsiti is y^p
• «
f \ (person who spreads rumors) qumsi Ls ^p m.;
a.
t’ewt’ewe gjajjaj
to gossip p’isp’isandin vt.\ (engage in
malicious ~) qumsiti kirin yP LS p r ^>P vt.
gossiping hetikber ja^jaa ; hevsud a^'ao.
to gouge: (hollow out) verotin vt.
gourd kundir ja^T f./m.; gindor jJaaT £
to govern serweri kirin qjP vt.
«• I ^
government hukumet dewlet c^> i\J J 1. ,
fermandar! ^Ia^L j<u £
governor mir I ^ m.; wall m.; fermandar
m.; miluk I A 3 Jl* m.; (provincial) wall
Jb m.
■ ■
governorship waliti ^J ) 3 f.
a*
gown: (full-sleeved upper garment) beni§ jaJaj m.
to grab standin jAjL-, vt.; hildan ^IaI* vt.
grace k’ubar jLp" f.
graceful k’ubar jb^T; (gentle, delicate) nazenin ^ojb
gracious mehvanxo§ jipy Upp ; m£vandar jAiUp. ;
mevanhiz ; mevanperwer
grade: (class, year in school) dersxane aJIsw jO J f.
grade school dibistan f.
gradually berebere Oj AJO j Aj
graft: (transplant) patrome A^jpb f.
to graft patrome kirin qJ/ vt.; tamandin
QAiLb vt.
grain (cereal) zad j!j m.; dexl m.; (seed) tov op
m.\ t’oxim m.; (particle) heb f./m.; lib
/.; emege cotane «\3bpx (roasted -s of
wheat) qeynok m.; (cooked wheat dan II
j m .
grain measures: gap I £.; r elb f.; fitre I o^;
somer f.
grammar reziman f./m.
granary 'embar £; pange £.; kadin ^jjI f f.
grand (elegant, noble) k 3 ubar jb^T f.
grandchild nevi m.&f
granddaughter nevi ^*00 f.
grandfather bapir _^ob m.; kalik I JJlTm.
grandma eci ^*5 £
• % »
grandmother dapir f; pirik eci ^*5 £
0m
grandson nevi m.
«•
grannie eci ^*5 £
% m
to grant: (to condescend to sarcastic ) layiq kirin
dScr*y vt
granulated: -to be ' (of honey) riskyan (jLSlj vi.
grape: tirf ^ m./t\ (single ') till II (unripe,
• • ■■ _
sour) besire o m.; cur m.; harsim a
m.; §ilur; (yellow, sweet ~) binfite’ti
■■
m.; types o£ grape: i§qir ptiJ; mezrona bjjj^ ;
misebq <3;*— ; sinceri torane
••
xanoq
grape juice ava tiri lib f.
• #
grape leaves: (stuffed ~) dolme A^Jjj/dolme pi .;
iprax £
grape molasses aqit oj'b m.; dims m./£; do§av
0U3J £; mot op* m.;
757
G
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
grapevine m.
to grasp (comprehend) li ser ... rawestan
J ... J A_u*J VI,
grass giya L S m,\ (dry “) pti§ I j m.; (bales of
dried ~ as animal fodder) resi
••
grateful spasdar J\ a-,L~
gratefulness spasdari ^Ia^L*. f.
grating: (railing) derabe joj m./f.
gratitude spasdari §ikir[in
%%
minet oaa* razilixi C5 ^Lj)j /.
«%
gratuity bex§i§
grave gor I f./m.; mexber m./f.\ mezel
f [3]; t’irb v .>» f.
gravel bixur m.; xig’ik m.\ zuxr js, 3 j m.
gravestone kel I JlT kevire t’irbe fcjofm.
• • »•
graveyard goFistan /.; t’irb v >> (Christian ~)
gort o m. (Urm)
gravity: (respect, dignity) qedir I jjaj m.
gray bor I jj j; boz cftn I ; gewr ; (color
of sheep's coat) kew II
to graze: (of sheep) g’erin vi.; (to scratch)
rtl§andin vt.
grazing (of sheep, before dawn) palin f.
grease bez I j m.; don m.; (ointment) derman
qL# joJ m.
greasy: (of food) givir
great mezin gumreh ao
greater mezintir
great-grandchild nevig’irk Jm.
greatness mezinahi ^y&b /
• •
greed rijdi evseneti tima Lj /.
greediness gikusi /.
• •
greedy giktis ; girtik ; qesis^^vAi';
devbe§ rijd jjj; evsene aJa-JaJ; tima Lj*
Greek Yewnan; Rom pjj m.
green k’esk J_~aT; [he]§in q^£[aa]; t’aze ojb; (unripe,
of grains & nuts) firik (unripe, of melons)
k’al II JIT
green gram: (Phaseoius aureus) ma§ f.
greenery he§inati ~aaa /.
«•
greenhorn cahil JaLv /ciheljlso. ; na§i ^b; xam
pU; t’ifalJUi /./m.
greenness he§inati ^L-^aa /.; k’eskayi ^IsL/aT/.
greens (wild edible ~) p’incar jixo m./f.
to greet: (come out to meet) berbiri btin c j 3 ^>
■ ■
vi.; gftn berahik’S vi.; gfin
p@rgin@ qs&* vi.; (send greetings) silava
le kirin L'U~ vt.
greeting silav /.
grenade narincok Jj^ijb /.
grey — > see gray.
greyhound taji ^b /./m.
••
grief cefa La*. m.; k’eder jo jaT k’erb uj«^ /.;
k’eser ja-*aT kovan /.; kul I m./f.;
§ayi§ jLoU f./pl.; xem pAS /.; xiyal JLs
hesret oo^-*aa /.; zeltili f .; (trouble)
••
cezaret ooJ 1J AS- /.; karkini L5 ^IT pi.
%*
grief-stricken zelill J^oj
to grieve xem xwarin p^ vt.; xem k’i§andin
Aj
r
vt
6^
/f-f k’etin vi.
grieved bikul J^Sb
grill: (railing) cax m.
to grill bira§tin vt.
grimace pirg’ti m.
to grimace me’de xwe tiF§ kiri
oA
CJ
vt.; pirg’hy§ xwe kirin ^ ^ vt.
to grin girnijin qjJjJ' vi.
to grind heran jl vt.; miz dan vt.
grinder: (hand mill) destar m.; (molar tooth)
dirangn k’ursi ^ 1 jj pi.
••
grinning (unpleasantly) qig
gritting: (of teeth) girke-girk qirg’e-
qirg’ f.
groan axin L c /.; int’tn nalenal JU^JL
nalin qj-JL /.
to groan int’in vi.; nalin ^Jb vi.
groaning axin /.; int’in nalenal
Jb Jb nalin ^b f.
groom (bride’s husband) zava U)j m.; (horse groomer)
seyis I m.
to groom (horse) t’imar kirin qjS' jL~j vt.
grooming (horse) t’imar jL-o /.
Groschen quru§ m.
grotto §keft /.; mixare O jbe^ /*.
ground ax /.; xweli o^i. /.; 'erd m.//.
ground beef (grilled ~) §ifte f.
ground cloth m§zer joyL* f.
ground lamb (grilled ~) §ifte f.
grounds (cause, occasion for) hencet f.;
neynesi j /.
group cimae’t o^Lo. civat cSrge
k’om II p^T/.; k’omele /.; grlib ^
758
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
G
t’ayfe +Ju\j (unit, as of cavalrymen) selef
m.
grouse (bird) qijik f.
grove daristan £; rdl Jjj f.
to grow (vt.) (beard) rih berdan ^bjdj Aj vt.
to grow ears (corn) seridfn qj vi.
to grow old ya xwe k’etin qj aTL vi.
to grow up mezin bun vi.
growling miremir ^ f.
grown up (adult) mezin m.
growth: (development) werar jl f.
to grudge hdv§andin vt
grumbling (n.) vinge-ving Jjj *Sjj f.
to grunt miqandin vt.; int’in vi.
grunting miremir j ._* f.
guard mifirdi ^Ju m.; nobetdar jIjjajJh m.; pawan
I qIjL m.\ qerewil J \ 30J <u m.\ segman ^Ua^ m.
to guard pawandin jjjljb vt.
guard duty (patrol, watch) nobet oajJP f; qerewilt!
as £
H ^
guerrilla p&§merge Af,AoJil> m.&f.
guess t’exmin £
to guess tederxistin vt.; deranin Q-p\j
vt.; t’exmin kirin vt.
guest mdvan ^UlL. m.&f.
guidance r@beri f; serk’ari f;
<• i*
sorwori ^ ^
««
guide beled II jaJaj m.; r£ber jaloj m.&f.; rSzan
o'-^v m ■
to guide me§andin qjjUa* vt.; bi T6 ve
birin ^ vt.
guile delk 5 fel I Jli m./f.; l&p f.
guilt sdc m./f.; gune II An>f m.
guiltless bSsdc ^ 3 -^; gune I
guilty gunehk’ar sdcdar
guinea corn (durra, indian millet) xirovf f
••
gulf kendav JIjj ^ f./m.
gullet zengelfik sorigk f.
gullibility xe§iml Ls ^<\d. f.
—
gullible xe§im ^Ai; sawilke a^LjL
gully dergeli ^aTjoj m.; derteng cs$3 AJ jO j geboz
j^>a f f.; gel! II ^aT m.; zer II jo j £; zang J3lj
f/m.; kendal JIaJaTiu.; (narrow ~) newal JljAj £
gulp fir I y /.
gum: (natural resin) debd§ <J*±>o j; §irdz £'>
beni§t c-aJaj m.
gums pidi ^aj aldme a^JIS m.
gun debange Asstjbo J f.; (rifle) t’ifing XjU f.; §e§derb
c^jojwiA^ f.; §e§xane AjGt^AJi f.
gunner t’opav£j jZJ>Lp m.; t’opgf L 5 ^p‘ m.
••
gunpowder bardt c^jL t£z /.
gunpowder maker barutpej jL^o^jb m.
gushing: (of heavy rain) gur II
guts (intestines) p’izur pl./f.; rod! pf; Tovl
II J g v dr JJ3 i m.
«•
gutter ceWjAa. (on a mill) §!p f/m.
guy k’abra 1 zilam p^j m.
gypsum ces f.; gee t-aT £; k’ils f.
Gypsy: (musician) begzade oj)_>5aj m.; mirt’ib yJj-.
m.; (artisan) bo§e a^Jj m.; dome m.; qeregi
^ojas m.
759
habit ’adet oojLp m./£\ xeyset o«uj«b. m.
hadj Kec ^-a^ £\ -to go on the " gflne Kac§
vi.
hadji Keci m.
haemanthus hybridus (asphodel) soryas £
haft: (of sword) qebd fJm.\ balgiq (j^oJb £
haggling bazar j \jb £
hail: (precipitation) teyrok aj gijlok JjJjf
zipik I ctLjj £\ (tiny ~) savarok JpU'L xilolik
dJpU £
hailstones gijlok Jpljfp (tiny ~) savarok JpU'L f.;
xilolik dJpU £
hair: (single h.) mu^, m.\ (head of ~) p’or III yy> m./£\
pirg’ £/m.\ t’tik I .Jp' £; (unkempt, tousled ~)
gijik Jj if f\ (of animals) t’uk I Jp £.
hairdresser delak m.\ serta§ <jibj<u. m.
hale: -hale and hearty bijtin pp; sax d selamet
o a^u, 3 ^L; pit I ; zix I
half niv <jLj m.
• •
half-dozen nivderzin jpjtJp £
half-hour nivsaet o> aj L* uul £.
••
hall: (corridor) sivder joaP f.; (for receiving guests)
diwanxane Aib^lp £
halter hevsar jLi'^ m.\ ri§me a^j m.\ dizgin jJp
£
halting place war jU ni.
halvah helva IlIaa xebtis ^^>*3. ! ^^<*3. £
hame xenike a£ja^ £
• •
hamlet mezre
hammer gakftg m.\ (large ~) zomp m.\
gilmere ppL. m.; (small ~) qalung ^pJU' m.
hand dest cwvoj m. ; geng I Jja*. /.; g’epik dL
m.\ g’epil Jja^. m.; (whole with palm and
fingers) lep V <J £/m.; (h. of child) pepik dip m.\
t’etik Jb'Aj* m.; (applause) g’epik dL a^. m.;
(farm h. = worker) hodax j>pt> m; (5 fingers of the
hand) §eye dest c—oj m.
to hand dir§j kirin jP'j vt.
hand drum t’epliq /.
hand grenade narincok .Jpjjb /.
hand mill destar jb^oj m.\ girik 3 } £
to hand over (deliver, entrust) spartin qJjL vt.;
t’eslim kirin ^I^aj vt.
handcuffs zincir j /.
•• • ^ 1 ^
handful baq I jb m.\ geng I JfjAa. £\ mist * f./m.\
k’ulm £\ qef§ J 3 <£ £\ qore; (small ~) qeft
C*3 A3 £
handicapped nivi§kan
handing over (n.) t’eslim p^L*Aj m.
handkerchief destmal JLju-oj £; kevnik JJioS'£/m.
handle: (of jug) g’embil 0 L^a^. m.; g’epil Jj a a. m.; (of
spoon) dox (of sword) qebd juaj /./m.;
balgiq ^pJb (on traditional plow) destedfi
£\ (on fan or knapsack) lepik J_><J m.
••
handle bar (wooden ~ used in churning butter) lewleb
v a4«J f/m.
handmaid cari £
• •
handsome cindi ; k’ele§ III j^JaT
• •
hand-to-mouth nanziki
••
handwriting xet pi.
handy (available) berdest II c—(good with one's
hands) desthel
to hang: (vt.) daliqandin jjjUJlj vt.; darda kirin
vt.; hilawistin vt.; raxistin
vt.; (execute by hanging: past tense - hanged)
xeniqandin vt.; (vi.) daliqin j vi.;
darda bdn bjb vi.
to hang down (vt.) (through a hole) §or kirin jp
vt.
to hang out (to dry) raxistin c p_*odj vt.
to hang up (a person, thing) hilawistin vt.
hanging darda Ijjlj
hanging down §or II jp
hanging out §or II jp
hangman celat o'Va^. m.
hangnail pij Ip m.
hank (of yarn) gulok £; peng I J3aj £/m.
to hanker for: (of pregnant woman) nebiraniya ft-i
kirin qj? ... bpl^oAj vt.
hankering: (of pregnant woman for special foods)
nebirani £
• •
hanky destmal /.
Hanukah girahdrka IS^pl ^ £
760
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to happen qewimin vi.; g§bHn vi.;
p’ekhatin qjU Jtb vi.; (~to s.o.) lehatin
vi.; ser§ fk-1 hatin VI •
• •
happiness §ay! I f.
*■
happy dilxwe§ Ji k J efxwe§ ; §a U;
bextewar jlj; malava U^L ; xudanbext
; -to be happy with one’s lot ji hale
xwe raz! bun ^ )j <£*. ^JU. jvi.
•» ••
••
to harass te’dar! le kirin qJ'
kirin qJ' Jj ^ vt.
harbor bender I JO Jo Aj f.
hard: (difficult) bi zeb’met; dijwar J\ 3 jS, Teq II ^o/,
getin (of hearing) giran I jf; (of rain)
xurt ; (tight, firm) fii§k
hard of hearing guhgiran
hard-working xebatk’ar jlSbb
hardly ancax-ancax ^UolS^UolS; hew 3 <^t; hew
mabti. 3 <\j£>
hardness getinayi f.; dijwar! ^jljjj
Ki§ki fS. ia. f.
vi.
to harden (vi.) qerimin
hard-pressed (desperate) tengav «Jl £*j
hardship getinayi dijwar! f
hardworking qogax
hardy teyax
hare: k’erguh m./f.; (young ~) xirnaq dM
m.&f.
harem herem poj«ufc heremodes!
harlot qalt’ax ^bJb f.
harm zirar jljj /.; ziyan jUj xirab!
»■
zede oJoj f.
to harm zirar gihandin jljjvf.; ziyan
gihandin vt.
harmful zirar jbj
harmless (of people) feqir ^*3
to harmonize (make agree) li hev anin Jja^J X't.
harness (head-~ for horse) hevsar jL$*a m.; (silver
bridle ~) Text m./f.\ ri§me m.
> *
to harness (oxen) qo§ kirin qJ'JQ vt.
harrow manger f; (wooden harrow) mehl!
too /.; (roller) t’apan 6^' f - ; §unke serbani
_33-vj
(_ 5 ^ Ill.
_ *• •» .
harsh dir jj; zivir Jj ; p’arsti-qalim
xedar (of sound) ziz I >jJ
harshness getinayi /.; xedar! f.
J*». m.; (crops, produce) hasil
J-*Ia f.; zad j1 j m.
harvest: xerman aL
to harvest ginin vt.; das kirin c jj^ Lr b vt.;
dirutin vt.; p’aley! kirin jj^ ^ Jb vt.
i»
harvester p’ale <Jb m.
haste lez I j J f.
hasty [bi] lez I [<-*];
hat k’um ^m./f.; kulav dtyf m.; (small) k’umik
ciL £m.\ (worn by sheikhs & dervishes) t’ac
pb m./f.
hatchet balt’e *Jb m.; bivir ^ m./f, tevir J *5
m./f.; -double-headed ~ tevirzin m.
hatless (with uncovered head) serqot opu*-
hatred rik 5 Jj f.
V
hauberk zirx ^yj f.
haughtiness pozbilindi quret! j^s f\
•«
serbilindi 'en'ene I m.;
serfirazi j^ /.
• •
haughty pozbilind difnbilind qure
serbilind k’ubar jl^T; serfiraz
jl_^ 9 J
haunch: (thigh) h§t f\ ran ob U 2 .; tilor I j^Jj m.\
k’emax f; qorik Jjji f.
to have hebUn q&.aj* vi. [2]
to have one's doubts k’etin §ika ISJ; vi.
haversack heban f
hawk qereqii§ ; xertel J«om.
hawker ’etar jb^ m.
hawthorn: (azarole) gijok f; §!lan I c j/.
hay pii§ I m.; giya m.; (used for animal
fodder) res! C5 ~jj f.
haycock: (shock, stook) gid!§ f.; g!§e £
hayloft kadin q-oIT f.
hazard taluke /.
hazel grouse (bird) qijik ^Jjj' f.
hazelnut bindeq (joA-o/findeq f
hazelnut tree dara bindeqe f
• a
he eWjob
head ser I m.; ser! ^j^ m.; k’elle II JJ b'm.\
••
kur III m.; mej! m.\ (leader, person in
■ ■
charge) mezin m.\ serek m.;
desthilatdar m.&f ; serk’ar m.;
serok m.; serwer jojj*^ m.\ rayedar j1j*o1 j
m.&f; r§vebir m.; (village ~) k’eya b m.\
k’ewxwe m.; muxtar jUs^ m.\ (h. of the
house) malxwe m.\ sermiyan m.
• •
head and trotters k’elle page ^b *11 of f.\ ser H p 5 6
J J«\*fcr pl./f.
to head for qesda ft-1 kirin qjT 4 * 4 1 jl~** vt.
761
H
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
head kerchief egal f.\ (woman's) §emaq I qLa^ f.
headache sere§ jana seriya L>ja- blj
headband §ar I jb f.
headdress: (Kurdish men's) cemedani ^Ija-a^. /.;
dersok f/m .; §emil /.; (women’s)
garik JjU- f./m.; (fine muslin women’s) terKl
♦
(j^jc o - (black-silver woman's) §ar I jU £; (bride's
♦ ♦
white) doxe a£J;j £
headline (in newspaper) sernivis sergotar
headman muxtar m.; k’eya LaThi.; k’ewxwe
o^p^a S ' m .
headquarters qerargeh f.
headscarf: egal Jlf*Sf ; (woman's, brightly colored)
herati ^'1 JL& f; (woman's silk) t’emezi
♦ ♦ mm
(woman's, white) futik git I m.\ (worn
by unmarried girl) Kibri f
mm
headstrong serhi§k serk 5 §§ I
to heal (vi.) sax biin vi.; (vt.) ge kirin
vt.
healed: -to be ~ qenc bhn ( j 53 j^^ vi.
healing (n.) saxbftn f.
health saxi selameti a^a-* /;
•• ••
sehet II oaaa-v Kal JU. m.; xwe§i /.
healthful bijtin
healthy sax^L; saxlem ; p’ak JL; qenc £>aj;
selamet oa^a-.; bijtin j^jp; (robust) pit I
heap (pile) kug’ ^/m./ qhg 5 lod jjJ /./m.;
k’om II pjT/.; (of stones) §ker £/m.; xilxile
122.
to hear bihistin vt.; guh 1§ bhn q&./J
vi.; seh kirin qJ' aa-v vt.; Kesin <0. vi.; le
t’esele btin vi.
mm
to hear an echo guh 1§ bflneve ajaj^^J vi.
• •
heart dil Jj m.; dil u hinav <JLa j Jj; -not to have
the ~ to do stg. q£mi§ nekirin vt.
heart attack: -to have a ~ teda hatin ^Ia 1 jJu vi.
heartache jana dila^j blj §ewata dil Jj Ip^ap f.
heartbeat: (rapid ~) p’irtep’irt o^aj^ f.
heartburn bersojk -J_3 -*jaj f
hearth pix£rik ocax gL.jp f./m.
hearts (in card games) kupe a^T/.; dilik «JJj m.
he-ass n£rek’er jaS ^jfJ m.
heat germi ^jaT k’el III JaT ten f./m.;
(ardor, zeal) germegerm f.; (rut, for
animals) gon II (jg m .
to heat up (vt.) sor kirin ^ vt.; §arandin
vt.; (oven) sincirandin jjj) vt.; (vi.)
(oven) sincirin vi.
heaven bihu§t cenet 0 aJa> /.;'ezman I
ojLja* m./pl.
heavens goveked ‘ezmine a~_*ja* jCLTa^T pi.;
felek JaJ A3 /.
heaviness girani i jf f.\ t’eqil Jjaj /.
heavy giran I jl^S; (of rain or snow) sttir
hedge geper I jaja> tan m.; k’ozik Jjjp"
percan (jU-jaj m./f.
hedgehog jtiji m./f.
••
to heed [advice] §ireta fk-i hildan jl jJjfe • t » tj O
yf.; dan pey §ireta fk-i .j yf-;
••
heel pan! I /.
hegemony serweri ^©jja-v /.
mm
hegirah mi§exti ( j^ Aj^» /
heifer nogin qQ f.
height: (stature) bejn jjA> qam qedqamet
oa^IsjA 3 f!; (elevation) bilindayi /.
heir miratgir m.&f.
held: -to be ~ (meeting) li dar k’etin ^aTjIj J vi.
hell cehnem pAP^Aa- f.; doji j /. : -to go to hell
cehemin ^aAa^ vi.
help arik’ari ^jl 5 u.jLS (cure, remedy) g’are 0J U
himmet oa^-o-a /.
to help arik’ari kirin qJ'
helper arik’ar jlCjlS m.
helpful kerhati La. miradKasil
••
helpless beg’are ojl^o
helplessness beg’areti f.
mm
hem damen ^aJj m.; daw I jIj f.
hemp k’indir jjcS'm./f.
hen: varik JjU (brooding ~) kurk’ I f.
hence (from here) ji vira )j
henceforth ji niha ft wevatir _pUjj j j; hew
pi§tir jaa; vira hada bU ) J
henchman pi§tmer m.
henna fiene a3a^ -to daub with henna fiene kirin
(j_>SA3 vt.
hepatitis zerik III Jjoj /.
her w§ I ^3
herald delal II J'ioj m.; (wedding ~) Tovi I m.;
mm
pe§kese a-vaSp^. m.
herb: giya m. ; -wild mountain ~ gorin f
herd keri II ^aT m.; col m.; xar II jl£ m.; stiri
^33- m.; t’elp ^J <>3 m.; (small h. of sheep) kewal
762
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
JIjaT f./pl.; (of cattle) gaTan <j 1 £; naxir >s.b £;
(of horses) revo poj m./f.; irx! m./£; qefle
<d j<\3 f.
herding: (cattle ~) gavant! f £.;
mm
herdsman §ivan jUi m.
here li vir J J; vir I J; va I 15; -here and there
cicina
§m
hereafter (the ~) pi§tdawi ^Axp £; axret oo>.b f!
«♦
heritage kelepilr ^jaJaTtu.
hermit k’ogek .Ja^T 333 ,
♦
hero gernas ^b j*? m.; ’efat oUa* 333 .; 'egit o~Sa* ;
f§ris m.; leheng JjaaaJ m.; merxas
733 .; p’elewan jIjaJaj m.
heroism merxas! ^U.f.
herself xwe oy>>
hesitant dudil Jjgj
to hesitate dudil bun Ja*j vi.
hesitation dudili jjj f.
mm
to hew t 5 era§tin vt.
hey (voc. particle) (m.) lopJ; (f.) le III (pi.) geli I
iJoS ; (all genders & numbers) ya I b
..
hiccough qilpik JLIs £; !sk JLj pi.
hiccup qilpik JLh isk J—J pi.
to hiccup qilpik hatin ^LaJLIs vi.
hidden (secret) nepeni ^ajaj; xewle aJja^.
hide (n.): (skin) g’erm pjA^. 373.; kevil J f./m.; pist
o—o m.
** V
to hide (vt.) ve§artin vt.; telandin ja^aj vt.;
(vi.) xwe ve§artin ^jUaS op. vt.; xwe telandin
qa^aj op- vt.; telin ^aj vi.
hide-and-seek ve§artok Jp jUa* f.
high bilind aaL; berz quloz jpip
high quality (adj.) t’ektiiz jju
high school xwendegeha navin ^J’b I&aTojJoP- /.
higher than (upward of) ji ...u pehel Ja^u 3 ...j
highest jorin y>
highlander g’lyay! m.&f!
highly lap
high-mindedness himmet oA*u>ja f.
highness bilindayi ^IaaL f.
high-ranking bilindpaye ajL aa 1>
to hijack (kidnap, abduct) revandin jjoUoj vt.
hijrah mi§exti
hill gir II 773.; ban! Il^b m./f.) d!yar II jLj 773 .;
♦ ♦
zilr m.; kug 5 m.
hillside qunt’ar jlpp /.; terazin jj )jaj f.
hilltop semt o~*a^ m.; sergir I ^a** m.;
hilt: (of sword) qebd aja* fjm.\ balgiq c j^Jb £
him wi ^ ; (as direct obj. of past tense vt.) ew 3 aj
mm
himself xwe
to hinder pe§!ya fk-§ girtin (j>J... vt.; p§§!
le birin (yy vt -\ relegirtin (J Jl\j vt.;
m. .a
t’eribandin jjjb jaj vt.; ne*hi§tin Qxzb* J vt. neg.
hindering rdldgirtin £
hindrance asteng Jjaa-U £
hip k’emax ^-LaT f.; h§t oJp ran jl j m.; qorik
Jji £
w
to hire: (engage, procure) ragirtin (J Jj vt.
his w! ^
##
to hiss: (of snakes) k’ufin vi.
hissing k’ufin yJj £
history dirok I £
hit: (blow, stroke) derb ujoj f./m.; (puff, drag on
cigarette) hilm pL& f; qulap £
to hit ledan jljpl vt.; lexistin vt.; k’utan
^b^T vt.; repandin jjjboj vt.; (a target) hingaftin
vt.
to hit the road (set out on a trip) r§ k’etin qj aT vi.
hither herve aj pjb
hives: (urticaria) lur f.
hoarfrost xris! £; qirav Jip £
hobo gede ojaTtu.
hoe tevir pA3 - m./f.
hog beraz j)jaj 777.; xinzir /./tt 7 .
to hoist: hildan vt.; hilanin [^pbjjb]
vt.; (flag) dabinartin vt.; nig’ikandin
Vt.
to hold girtin vt.; (flowers, of a vase) hilgirtin
(y Jib vt.; (keep, preserve) ragirtin <y J\j vt.; (a
conference) li dar xistin jlo J vt.;
p 5 §kan!n ^pb Jp. vt.;
to hold back: (restrain, stop) ragirtin J j vt.
to hold in check ragirtin (JiJ\j vt.
to hold up: (prop up) ragirtin (JJj vt.
hole: (opening) qul I Jp f; qun c j a p £; (pit)
g’al II JU £; goncal f; k’ort ojp "£; (in
ceiling to let in light) k’ulek f\ rojin £;
p’ace A>.b £\ (in boulder in which rain water
collects) qax f./m.
holiday cejin £; (Muslim ~) ’eyd ajap £
hollow (adj.) p’fig’ga^; cilq ; (of rocks) ku§ Jj;
fisfisok JpjLj'
hollow (n.) (geographical depression) t 5 fi§ I £
to hollow out verotin (js$j a5 vt.
763
H
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
holly [Ilex] k’erbe§ j^ajjaT f.
hollyhock (rose mallow) hero jLIa f.
holy book: (Koran) misKef f.
holy place ziyaret OOJ Loj f./m.
home mal I JL f.
homeland ni§timan jL war j\ 3 m.; welat
m.
homeless derodero JjojJjoj
homesick: -to be ~ bina fk-e derhatin ;
beriya II fk-e kirin qJ' b^o vt.
homesickness beri II (S-^. £
♦ «
homosexual: (passive h., catamite) Kfz m.; qunde
m.; qilnek m.
homosexuality (derogatory term) quneki f.
♦ ♦
to hone (whet, sharpen) hestin vt.; siltin qj^
vt.; tuj kirin j^vt.
honest xudanbext o^aj)^ ; serrast o-1 jj«u
V
honesty dilp’aqiji f.
honey hingiv cJ^/hingivin I m.
honeycomb: nane me§a L£L £jb ni.; §an jU f;
• •
(new, light ~) §ema LaJ; (old, dark ~) movane
AitfjL f.
honor §eref namus ^^b 'erz j
hurmet oa-* J3 a me’rifet qedir I
j jas m.; rez II >jj rtimet oa^j ’ezet c^oJap
giram serfirazi xatir
f ii
m.//.; (decency, good reputation) hetk Jjaa /!;
p’erda rfi ^ Ijjaj f.; (sense of ~) rti^j m.
honorable birez maqul JjpsL ; serfiraz j)^J ja~;
(innocent) dilsaf oUJj
honored maqul J^L ; birez rezdar II jljjbJ
hoof sim p_w f; (of split-hoofed ruminants) gim ^ f.
hoof and mouth disease mazber jajjL; tebeq I ^aja f.
hook: (projection used for hanging) g’iqil Jia m./f./
guqum ; nik J-j m./f; (on pack saddle)
hegi I f./ni.
hoop xelek -JaIa^. f; oik I LUjp t’oq ^ m.
hoopoe pepuk II f-
to hop geng bUn vi.
hope h§vi omid j^,jp m./f; guman jL^f
(cure, remedy) g’are ojL f.
to hope hevidar biin vi.; gumana xwe
anin bL >3 f vt.
hopeful hevidar jIj-J&a
hopeless: b£h£vi ; -hopeless situation begavi
— •• ••
•« «•
horizon aso
horizontal geperast
horn: (animal ~) stru m.; qog’ m.; §ax >L
/./m.
oz I
* Y
J3-*
f.
hornet steng m.; i
hornless k’ol IV Jp'
horse: hesp .^aa m./f.; (hack) bergir m./f;
(castrated ~) exte axSaj m.; (pedigreed ~) me’negi
^^AsP A-o f
■ «
horse cloth cil IIJ^ f .
horse groomer seyis I ^^ 4^0 111 0
horse herder revogi m.; irxigi m.
■■ ••
horse manure peyin c ^.aj m.; ter§ I m.
horse race qo§ m./f
horsefly moz I k 5 erme§ ( jp r > J *S' f.
horseherd revogi m.; irxigi ^ m.
• # ♦ ♦
horseman siwar
J m.
horseshoe nal Jb f.
horse-stealing extirme a*>^.a5 f.
horse-thievery extirme a*^.aj f.
horsey: (big, horsey) girs ^
hose: (waterhose) marpig ^ojb m./f.; sonde /.
hospitable m§hvanxo§ ; mevandar jIajUL*
; mevanliiz ; mevanperwer jojjaoUI^
hospital nexwe§xane Ajbtijqp.«o f.
hospitality mevani f; 'ezet O O J AP f.
• •
host mazuban jb^jL m.&f.; mevandar m.&f ;
hostile §erht A*w
hostility neyari ^jb a /.; rik 5 Jj f.
hot germ ^.jS; (to the touch) k’el III JaT; (red hot)
sinciri (spicy) tuj j dijwar Jj jj; sor
u 5 -; nojj
hot springs germav JiLjaT/.
hotel flt§l f.
hound kilg’ik JU^rm.jse ^ m.; k’elb ^aT/u.;
taji f./m.
• •
hour (60 minutes) sa c et o-apL f.
houri hori (beautiful woman) husulcemal
(JboA
house mal I JL xani in.; xan-man ^LjL-
m.; (lineage) binemal JLa^j f.
to house Kewandin ^jjljAi. vt.; ci kirin vf - ;
««
hewirandin ^ajIj^Ia vf.
household mal I JL xan-man jL jL. m.
housewife bermali ^Ljaj kevani ^UaT/.
• • ■ ■
hovel (hut, shack) k’ox m.
how? gawa[n] [jl^L-; ger§ ^jAa. ; gito^>.; §kfi jP-z
••
how come? (why) gima? La.; bo gi qey cs^
764
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
H
how many? gend ax
how much? giqas gend jJa».
howdah me’f f
however digel vi gendi ^jja^. ; l§bel£
• • •«
• «
however much gendi
to howl ltirin J vi.; qftrin vi.; zirin Qjjj
vi.; (of dogs) Teyin I q-^oj vi.; ‘ewtin vi.;
dirin II vi.; kastekast kirin ISa^IS"
vt.
howling gele-gel Ja>.aJa>.; gewte-gewt o^a^a^a?.;
gele-gel Ja^aJa*. ; ’ewte'ewt ^3°^ /-I
kastekast owvITa^IT f.; kute-kut o^a^- reyin I
u^.°j £; qfirln £
hue (color) reng jSoj in.; gon I (gf m.
hug fiemez >1^a> f
to hug Kemez kirin qJ? j^a*. vt.
huge girs gumreh qerase aJjas; teriki
ii ^
#p
human being bende ojJa m.; beniadem pojb^yA m.;
meriv Ji^a* m.; insan m.; ’evd jJ'ap in.
humaneness merivti f
humanity merivti ^j a* f; zilamti f
Li vt.
to humiliate namds hingaftin ^j^b vt.
humming miremif _>-*0 f.
humor: Kenek f ; tewz f; tirane Ailf;
yari II ^b f ; (mood) be§er I j<u«b /.
humorous anecdote pek’enok f/m.
hump: (camel’s ~) Jiawid jjbw in.
humpback kiiz I
humpbackedness kftzayi
hunchback kuz I j^T
hunchbackedness ktizayi ^1 ^ f.
hunched over (suffering from bad back) pi§tkul
hundred sed J
hundred thousand [100,000] lek -JaJ f
hunger birgiti f ; nez I _>li xela Na*. f.
hungry birgi ^^/birsi -to be ~ deliyan
aLJoj vi.
••
hunt nSg’ir rav I *J'1j f; seyd Jo (Ui f./m.;
§ikar jlSHi f.
to hunt gtine fav£ aJj^ vi.
hunter n£g’irvan m •* seydvan qUaj-w m.;
§ikargi m.; segman qLJa-v m.
hunting ndg’ir f; rav IJb f; seyd j* f./m.;
1 'i *
§ikar jlsi f.
hunting dog taji ^b f./m.; t’ule aJ^j m.
huntsman neg’irvan .; seydvan jUju>A-»
m.; §ikargi ^jlCs m.
to hurl av§tin vt.
hurried [bi] lez I jaJ[ v ]; §erpeze £> j *0 j AJv
hurry (n.) lez I j J f; zuyeti a^j f
««
to hurry lezandin (jjuljJ vt. & vi.
hurt: (injured) birindar J\ joo( offended) dilmayi
• • ^
to hurt (vt.) zirar gihandin jJol^Tjl^jvt.; ziyan
gihandin jjjl^fjLojvt.; birindar
kirin vt.
to hurt s.o.’s feelings dil §k@nandin jjjLiCs Jj vt.
husband mer m.; §fl m.
husk: (discarded rice ~) belim ^Jaj f; (rice ~) pu§k
cjJs— TT1 ., tU§k / c*h><aa-) m •
hut fiol Jja. f; k’ox m.; (temporary bower)
k’epir ^j.aT/.
hyacinth sunbul Jj-03- m./f.
hybrid pig ^o m.
hyena k’eftaf jbJof f./m.; gorneba§ ^bAij^m.
hymn: (Yezidi religious ~) beyt 00 aj f
hypocrisy durdti f; qelpi ^jJap f.
• • H
hypocrite duru I
hypocritical durft I^j^j; salHs ^^JL; qelp I
hypodermic needle derzi ^joj /.; §irinqe
«•
ojU^ f.
765
I ez jdj
ibex pezk’ftv! j*j m.
00
ice cemed in.//.; qe§a Uaj f.
icicle §embel!lk I cJ-Ua^ai; £
idea fikir ^ £.; hizir jjjt> /.; guman £; mitale
«JLu £; Taman I jLIj £.; xiyal JLi net obo £.;
t’evdir /.
■■
identical 'eyni I
identity §exs!yet /.
idle betal Jbaj; t’iTal J)>>■; tol I
T
idle talk (chatter, prattle) pitepit £; galigal
jidif/.
idleness betal! ^bco £; valayi L5i *yi$ £
idler tolaz m.
i.e. [=id est] ango jb^b; ddmek ye’n!
if eger I meger j<xf<^ ; ko I jbl weki
00
if only xwez! [+ past subj.]
to ignite v£xistin vt.; p§xistin vt.;
hilkirin j^SlU vt. ; dadan vt. ; §ewitandm
vt.
ignited: -to be i. hilbtin vi.
ignoble be c esil
ignorance nezani ^yljaj £.; xe§!m! £
ignorant nezan cahil J-fcU. /ciKelJl^ ; (naive)
xe§im ^<0.; sawilke aSl^L
to ignore avetin pi§t guh q j^s ‘15 vt.
ill nexwe§ jia^aj; nesax ^-Lai
ill will Tik’ Jj £
V
illegitimacy p!g! LJ ^j £
M •
illegitimate child pig ^ m.
illiteracy nexwenditi • jjq*Saj £
00
illiterate nexwendi ^jjo^saj; cahil J^bw /ciKfilJlso-
00
ill-mannered b§ edeb V ojaj£>; be’esil J
••
b§me’rifet
illness nexwe§! ^<^<0 £.; nesax! ^Laj £; qeda 1 j«\s
• • • •
f./m.; zede ojo j £.
ill-tempered gur§x iu^f
to illuminate §emal dayln j JL<u vt
image (picture) w@ne a^b £; sifet m.; shret
o<)/n • ; §ikil JS 2 m.
imagination xiyal JLs f.
to imagine xiyal kirin JLa. vt.
to imbibe vexwarin vt.
to imitate zar ve kirin qJ? ** Jj vt.
imitating (n.) zar I jlj m.
immature cahil Jj&Lw /cifi§lJlso. ; (of fruits, plants)
xam pli
immaturity cahil! £.; xamt! £; (of fruits)
k’alt! II
immediately peTa-peTa 1 destxweda 1
t’avilS ^Jib; dem ft dest o>*wO J ^ c!bic!
L5^- L5^
•• 1 ••
; hema L<ufc; yekser j«su*f<u; di cih da j;
k’ezelik
to immerse: binav kirin j^So’b^ vt.
immersed xerq ^a.^
immortal nemir ^.aj
to impale qazux kirin ^jb vt.
impassable ase ^b
impatience besebiri t
impatient bSsebir
00
imperative ferman! ^Ljas
00
imperfection qusur f. \ kemas!
imperialism k’edxwar!
•«
imperialist k’edxwar
imperialistic k’edxwar m.
imperious zordest
impertinent huT ; p’arshstlir
impetuous dir jj
implement: (tool) am!r m./f
to implore xwe avetin bext§
yek! vt.; lavah! kirin
vt.; je hev! kirin fcj vt; limej
«• *■ 00
kirin q_£ jJLJ vt.; t’eweqe kirin vt.
impolite: (rude) be edeb V oj^; beme 5 r!fet
00
impoliteness b£ edeb! /.
••■■
importance giring! ^ J? f.
0 J jju
important giring
impostor gelac m
impotence sisti
; berk’eft!
/.
Y I?
impregnable as£
impression t’esfr^v^aj /.; (printing) gap II £;
ne§ir ^aj f./m.
imprisonment d!l! j £
• •
improbable dtlr
improper: -to consider ~ ne li T§ d!tin
766
r
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
I
improvement pe§vegun t.
impudence zimandireji
b§§erml ^j <u; £
■« »*
impudent zimandir&j JjjJ jLj; b6§erm ~j«u; ^ ;
p’arsfistur
impure: p’Is (of animals Muslims may not eat)
mirar jl^ ; -to become ritually i. Kerimin
vi.
in di ... da ; li J; nav III J»U
in a rush §erpeze Oj AJ j
in addition serda ) J j ^
in any case heyneyse <Lo
in attendance (present) Kazir jjU
in chaos sergerdan jbjAf,
in charge: -person in charge fermandar jljjUjAi m.;
osta m.\ mezin jj<^ m.; rayedar jIjajIj
m.&£\ rSvebir m.; desthilatdar
m.&£\ serk’ar m.; serwer jojja-* m.
in debt deyndar jIjjjoj qerdar jbjA*
in detail hfirgili
##
in error nerast Owv 1 j aJ
V
in exchange for pe§...ve as... J£j\ bedel Joj^u
in existence mewcud
in favor of: mSldar jl ; -to be i.f.o. stg. m£la fk-£
ser ft-t hebtin ... j*u, M ^ vi.;
mdldariya ft-e kirin vt.
in front of li ber J; p§§ I li ... pe§ve
di p@§iya
fk-e/ft-t de oj ...
T ¥ •• •• ••./
in good health ser renge xwe £poj j< w
••
in love dilk’eti ^aOj; evindar jIa-lJaj; dildar jIaJj;
• •
a§iq ; ma§oq ( jpL
in mourning behidar j\ a^aj
in order that bila conj. [+ subj.]; da II b conj.
[+ subj.]; fieta [+ ko + subj.]; t’a IV b [+ko +
subj.]; deqene aJasoj conj. [+ subj.] ; seba L<uv [ +
subj.]; weki [+ subj.]
in pain liyan I 6^
in power desthilatdar
in return (back) pa§da |jjb
in ruins k’ambax »L-LT; w§ran I jl
in spite of: digel JaTj; diji ^jj; gir III j ?;
rexme <^*£-0 j j li ser ... fa lj.«. j >
y
-in spite of oneself b&Kemdi xwe ^
«•
in such a way wisa Lj
in that way wilo
in the course of di pSvajoya ... de bjjliljj
in the direction of li ser ... ve *3... j-wJ
in toto (all in all) serhevda 1 jjoJbj**,
in vain badihewa Ija^jL; tew§
inaccessible as§ ^Js
mm
inactivity betali ^U'aj £
—
inadmissible net’d jj aj
mm
inappropriate: (insolent) beqtin Q&fe; -to consider ~ ne
li re ditin ^ j £jJ *6 vt.
mm
inborn zikmaki l /LSj
incantation du c a U 3 j m./f.\ ism§ sere ra.
mm mm
incessantly berdewam jJ^oJjaj; misewa 1^1
incident btiyer ja_>j^ £
to incite azirandin jjjljjb vt.
inclination fiewas ^Ija^. £; k 5 §f <j£f £; m§l f.
incline: (slope) berwar j\ 3J ^ m./f.\ xwarayi jlyi. f.\
mm
(downhill slope) ni§iv m.\ jordani
mm
m.\ (uphill slope) jiheli LS J<ubj m.
mm
to incline tewandin jjjb*? vt.
inclined to m^ldar
~ ••
to include vegirtin qj vt.
income hasil J^La f.
incomplete nivi§kan J
incorrect: (wrong) xelet §a§ I ^ j
nerast c-Jj^i; gewt
incorrectness nerasti ja3 f.
••
to increase zede kirin qJ'oSjJ vt.
to incur [s.o.’s wrath] xurin I qjjjS- vi.
incurable xedar
incursion: (raid) cerd I j f.
indebted qerdar jIjja*
indecent bdhetik diojtfe
indecisive dudil Jj 3 j
indecisiveness dudili f
• •
indelicate xam ^
indemnity (war ~) t’alan q%' m./f.
indentured servant misexir m.
independence serxwebtin serbixweyt
f i serbesti aj f.
mm ■■
independent serbixwe ; serbest c~v j I
serxwe ; serxwebtiyi ^oy.j.u ;
«•
(self-willed) xweser
index p’@rist c —£
index finger t’iliya ni§an@ LU;
Indian millet xirovi
• « y ■
(J±>*
£
Indian pulse: (Phaseolus aureus) ma§ £
indifference xemsari £
767
I
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
indifferent sar jL; xemsar
indigence (poverty) p 5 eri§ani (j 1 ^iJ f.
indigestion bersojk .Jf.
indignation 'em qj<k* m./f.
indigo givit f.) he§ f.
individual (person) nefer j f./m.
indolence sist! f.
to indulge: (~ in the pleasures of this world) k’etin
k’Sfa dunfayS ^LJjJ l&f vi
industrious qogax
industriousness qogaxi /.
industry: sen £ et (diligence) xiret 00/.;
qogaxi /.
inebriated (drunk) serxwe§ sermest
inebriation (drunkenness) serxwe§i J**- 4 * }
sermesti f,
inept destgiran jl/ c^oj
inexpensive erzan ^1^*5
inexperience cahili xamti f.
• ■ • •
inexperienced nezan jlj«o ; cahil JjbU- /ciheljl» ;
na§i ^sli; xam pis; t’ifaljbtf /./m.
♦ ♦ I
infant sawa IjL ; §irmej m./f .; dergil§
f.
infantry footsoldier peya I L*j m.
infected kul I
infection te§ene f.) k’otibun ^
infectious k’oti ^gT
»•
inferior jerin qjJjJ: -to be inferior to daxwarin
jjljSb vt.
infertile (of animals) stewir J3 <^
infertility bSzureti (of animals) stewri ^ u
■■ •• ••
f.
infested: (with fleas or lice) diyQn II
infidel beol Jpfe >
infinite belied
• »
infinitive mesder f./m.) fader jojIj f.
T
inflamed te§ene <\j j
inflammation te§ene f.
inflated (puffed up) girj
to inflect (e.g., decline) tewandin vt
influence bandur ^jjb /.; t’esir Kuk’um
m.
to influence tesir[@] kirin ^^<3vt.) bihurt in
• •
influenza persiv m./f.) sat’ircem pdo-^jL f.
to inform ragihandin vt.) p£ Eesandin
vt.) ’elam kirin qjZ vt.
to inform on s.o. (report s.o. to the authorities, tattle)
qumsiti kirin vt.
■ «
information *pezanin; peyam pbou f./m.) zanyari
^LjIj f) (news) deng ft bas o j f.) salix
%•
^JL m.) hay I f./m.) nuge f.
informed: (knowledgeable) serwext bilyan
jLL; -to be ~ about hay hebfin a>
•• ■■
vi.
informer destkis u ~. A^ 0 j m.&f.) qumsi ^^ m.;
altax sUb m.
informing V elam pN** m./f.) (reporting s.o. to the
authorities, tattling) qumsiti f.
• •
ingot (bar, e.g., of gold) qurs m.
to ingratiate o.s. xwe §irin kirin oy±vt.
inhabitant akinci L ^S\S m.&f.) bineli m.) ehl
•• ••
Jjb4i m.) (~s) xelq m.; (original ~) bineci
m.) (~s = population) §§ni C5 ™ pf
<■
inhaling (of cigarette smoke) qulap <J%* f
inheritance kelepflr
inheritor (heir) miratgir m.&f
initial 'ewil
initiative insiyatif f.
initiator sebab m.
to injure zirar gihandin j) jjvt.\ ziyan
gihandin vt.; birindar
kirin vt.
injured birindar
injurious zirar jIjj
injury birin I /.; zirar jljj f.; ziyan jLoj f.;
§ewat xirabi /.
injustice te’dari f.
ink hubir f.
ink pen qelem p<J^i» /./m.
in-laws xizm pys p7.; xinami m.&f.) taloq II
m.
to inlay neqi§andin vt.; *deqandin
vt.; quremi§ kirin jU.oy vt.
inlet (bay) kendav «J) jj k’unce be’re
inn xan I ^Is f.
innate zikmaki ^/USj
innocence b§guneht! f.; bSsEci n;
•• •• •• ••
xamti f.
innocent beguneh besEc g^*fe) gune I ;
(naive) dilsaf oUJj
innocuous feqir ^3^3
innumerable b§Kesab
768
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
inoffensive feqir b
to inquire —> see to enquire,
insane din II §St c,Li ; nelii§
^ d *
aJ ; aqilkurin
insanity dinayi /.; neKi§i C5 ^a3 £; §eti f.
•» .»
insatiability evseneti a3 a«J> aj £
««
insatiable evsene Aj A-vj Aj
insect: (small k’ezik £; (small biting “)
quzgezk JjaSj^' £.
insecure p’arsftxwar
insensitive sersar jLj
insensitivity sersari ^jLja-* £
mm
to insert: (put into) xistin vt.; tSxistin
vt.; tekirin qjSZj vt; (stick, thrust) k’utan jjbjT
vt.; g’ikandin I vt.] dag’ikandin qjjISoJj
vt.; Ke§ikandin jjjlSbiA3. vt.;
nig’ikandin vt.
inside di ... da hindur m.; nav III ob;
tSda IjJb; zik m.
inside out berevaji ^JUojaj; vaji
■«
insidious ava bin kaS ^SlT^ lab
••
insincere p’arsftxwar qelp I Jaj
insincerity qelpi ^as f.
insistence rijdi j £
••
insistent rijd jjj
insofar as he min ^^aa
insolence zimandireji f.
• •
insolent zimandirej Kur ^ ; p’arstisttir
to inspect: (examine, check out) seh kirin c j^Tvt.;
saxti kirin ^ vt.
to install o.s. (settle down) ci girtin (yJ?(j> vt] bi ci
• •
bhn ^^j vi.
instant gav J& 5 £.; kSlI t; girik I f.
instantly pera-pera lyb
instead of li §ftna bj^ J; dewsa Lj<o; ji dela ... ve
instinctive zikmak!
institution dezgeh aaTjoj £.; sazi ^jL f.
to instruct ders gotin vt.; ders dan
vt..; ’elimandin qojU^ vt.; ni§an
dan vt.; fSr kirin ^^ vt.; bin kirin
instructions (directives) t’emi ^aj £
instrument amir ^b m./f.; alav II JNb m.; p’ergal
II Jl fjA, £
insult dijftn I m.; qise a-j £.; xeber ja>aS f./m.
to insult: (verbally abuse) g’Sr [IS] kirin {J
mm
vt.; (dishonor) hetka fk-e birin ISjaa vt;
g’av §kenandin <JU vt.; (one another)
rabtin rftye hev Jaa q&\j vi.
insulted: -to be ~ xeyidin qj i^Ai vi.
insurrection serhildan ^IaIaja-* £.; sewr j^a-* £
intact (whole) sax^-L
integrity: (honesty) dilp’aqiji ^“Uj £
mm
intellectual (person) rew§enbir ^a m.
intellectuality rew§enbirti ^^ja £
intelligence aqil Jib m.; fii§ m.; meji ^Ja- m.;
• €
serwexti £
mm
intelligent ‘aqil I JsU; aqiljtr jj^bb; aqilmend
jjAJib; bi fern bi zihn yaj v ; Ei§yar
jLo.; jir ^ j; serwext zix I
intelligentsia rew§enbirti ^^ja^oj £
mm
to intend qesda £t-f kirin , J ^a* vt.
intention armanc ^Ljb £; qesd j-vas £; mebest
£; meqsed ja-Ja^ £.; merem pojA»e m./f.;
net odJ £
••
to inter binax kirin b^ ; ve§artin ^jUas vt.
to interact (with) rabun u rhni§tin 3 c j^>!j vi.
to intercept berhingari fk-e bun q^j ...^IsIajaj vi.
••
intercession himmet £
intercourse hatin u gun j £
interest: (advantage, profit) berjewendi ^^-ojojjaj £;
••
menfa’et oA&UiA« £; (predilection, passion, desire)
LT
Hewas £.; Kewask’ari ^jlSb.ljAa. /.; (accrued
••
~ of money) selef oaJ a- m.; -to take an ~ in phte
pe kirin ^ vt.
• m
to interest bala fk-e k’i§andin jjjLxf ...^b vt.
interested (in) hewask’ar jbL I^a^
interesting balk 5 e§ b; bi sebr ^j a-^j; Kewask’ar
jlibljA^ m..
to interfere: k’etin ort’e^y^p (JJaT vi.; maytekirin
qj&ljL* vt.; xwe tekili kirin ^ ^£j ^ vt.;
qari§i /t-f bhn Q& .vi.
interference may t’ekili L5 lSlj- £
interior hindur m.; nav II ob f./m.; zik Jj m.
intermediate navin ^-b'b
international navneteweyi ^ojajaJU
mm
to interpret: §iro vekirin qJ’oS vt.; IS serederi
kirin c ybJ 9 j^ojA^ yJ vt.; t’ercime
M •• .
kirin Q^TAo^jAi' vt.; (dreams) Kel kirin q^TJa^.
vt.
interpretation: t’ercime a^j^' /.; (of dreams) Kel Ja^.
m.
769
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
I
interpreter t’ercimegi ^a^jaj m.\ werg§r
m.&f.
to interrogate pirsyar kirin qJ' vt.
to interrupt birin vt.; navbiri dan jb ^^Jb
vt.; (i. s.o.'s work) t’eribandin vt.
interruption navbiri /.
• •
interval navber jAyb /.; navbeyn ^ AJb navbiri
c9v^'b £
••
to intervene k’etin ort’e^jjb (JJaT vi.; maytekirin
Cp^by.bo vt.
intervention t’ekil! l$ !SZj f; (helpful ~) himmet oao^j*
*•
f.
interview hevpeyvin Ay AA f.\ g’avpek’eftin
to interweave hunan (jb^yfc vt.;
intestines p’izdr J33 ^ pl./f. ; Tod! pi.; rovi II Ji$j
• • •«
£; dr m.; (large of animals) sincoq m.
into nav III Jib
into pieces elep’arge a3.jL>aJaj
intoxicated serxwe§ (jioyijA^; sermest o^~a*ja*,
intoxication serxwe§! ^ayi-jA^ f; sermesti u*
«• ••
f.
intransitive nederbazbdy! ^^yjbjoj^u; negerandi
jaTa}
intrigue delk 5 JJoj f.
to introduce dan nasin { y^b <jb vt.; Taber! ... kirin
vt.; pe§xistin vt.; -~ o.s.
xwe dan nas kirin j^^vb jb ojj. vt.
introduction: (preface) pe§gotin /.
inundation lehi ^aJ /.; lemi§t /.; §ape II ajU
£; selav JYp~ tofan jUp /.
invader dagirker j m.
invalid (inadmissible) net’e
inventiveness hiner jcua m./f.
inverted vaji ^jU
to investigate iekolin vt.; li ser ...
••
Tawestan ja. J vi.
investigation l§kolin /.
invisible (concealed) nepeni ^ajaj
to invite vexwendin vt.
invited vexwend! oyi. AS
«•
involuntarily beKemd! xwe oyi.
involved tSkildar J a1£j; -to get ~ xwe t§kil fk-l/ft-t
kirin (^... ^ vt.
involvement t 5 §kili £
Iran Iran £
Iranian (n.): (Persian) C ecem ^.a^-ap m.; faris m.
Iraq Iraq f.
ire (wrath, anger) hSrs £; xezeb vyajA*. f.
iris: (flower) bilbiz j>J-> /.
iron (adj.) hesini ^^aa
••
iron (n.) hesin aa /asin ^b m.; (flatiron, for
pressing garments) ut 5 ! & f.
to iron (press) dt 5 ! kirin qJ' vt.
irregular b§Tez ; nerast o-J ja3
irreligious beol
irresolute dudil
irresoluteness dudil! f.
irridentism cudaxwazi f.
irridentist cudaxwaz jlyil jy>. m.&f.
to irrigate Tifsandin jjjLbj vt.
irrigated land Tifse aJj m.
to irritate: -to be irritated bihecin vi.
irritated te§ene t\j Aj
irritation: 'em q jap m./f.; (skin ~) r!§ /.
isabel (horse's coloring) qule aJj ; §e ^
•*
Islam Islam; misilman! /!
island girav II Jl J/ /gir-av Jb J* /.; ada 1 jU /.;
ciz!r /.
to isolate: veder kirin jajJ vt.; (o.s.) havlbdn
vi.
• •
isolated xewle aJ^a^; veder jo jas
isolation havibdn jsy^bfc £
issue: (matter, problem) mesele aJa^a.* /.; pirs ^ f.;
pirsgirek f.\ §uxul m.//.; (of
journal) hejmar jLjaa f.
to issue (publish) ne§ir kirin qJ' _J:a 3 vt.
issued: -to be issued (of publications) dergdn
vi.; ne§ir bdn ^a3 vi.
it eWjAj; ew yek Jaj 3 aj; (in time and weather
expressions) dinya Uj we I ; w! ^
itch gir IV m .
to itch: (vi.) xur!n I vi.
itching gir IV m.
its (f.) w@ I ^3 ; (m.) w! ^
•• ••
itself xwe dyi
itsy-bitsy big’dgik J
ivory hest!y§ fila Nbi m.
ivy lavlav J^ f.
77 0
jacinth (precious stone) yaqfit m.
jackal tori I m./f.
jacket: (traditional man's homespun woolen j.) §apik
ciLLi m.; bergfiz j^^aj m.; (woman's ~) delme
<v«Jo>) m.
jail girtigeh stXpX f-\ Kebs zindan
f./m.
January K’anflna pa§in ^b bjplf; (Jileya pa§in
/* w w « : L) b
w - v •* v
jar: (clay ~) cer ja^. f./m.; (large clay water ~) den I
m lin m.
jasmine nefel Jasa; f.
jaundice zerik III J j0 j /.; qig’ikayi f.
#«
javelin rim ^ m./f; cerid pja?. i
jaw geng II X^ f.; lame a^ f.
jaw bone geng II X> a=>* f.; lame a^ f.
jaw muscle kar§j I fiJS'm.
jealous dexes A:vo J ; Revstid j^-Jad. ; k’umre§
jealousy dexesi Revsfld! ^Jj^'a^.
k 5 umre§i i; g’avnebar! ^jIjaJU.
g’avre§! pU /.
jereed (type of horse race) cerid juja?» f.
jerk qe§mer ja^aS m.
Jerusalem artichoke seva bin ’erd bp* f.
jester qe§mer m.; §emo p>Aji m.
jesting qe§meri Aomm/ A3 f,
• #
jet (stream of water) §ip i/m.
Jew cihti m.&f.
jewel cewahir ^Ija*. m./f.; xi§ir m./f.
jingling zingezing XjX j f.
jinn cin qa m.; ji me g§tir a^ j pi. ; ferhit
J AS m.
jinxed b£yom pP^p
job §uxul J^pp;/§ol Jp; m./f; k’ar II jlfm.//.; i§
m.; peywir ^ aj f
to join (an organization) gihi§tin vJ -
joiner (carpenter) xerat ob^i. m.
joint: (bend) gene a 3 Aa (anat .) movik cilip* f; zend
I jJdj f./m.; (finger ~) geh I &X f.
jointly p§ra )^
joke Renek Ja3a=w f.; qerf J>j<£ f ; tewz p>aj tinaz
jbj m.\ tirane a 31 p f.; yari II ^jb f \ p§k 5 enok
JUaSP f./m.: laairdi .,0 m./f.
to joke laqirdi kirin qX ^^ vt - ; < l er ^ ^ kirin
b/^ojAi- vt
•«
joke teller henekvan ^UTAiAA m.
jokester henekvan ^UTajaa m.; qe§mer jAojSas m.;
joking qe§meri ^a^as /.; tinaz jLj m.
jolt dehf III oiAoj f.
journal kovar jlip" /.
journalism rojnamevani ^U'aJj^j f.
mm
journalist rojnamevan jU'A-bjgj m.&f.
journey (trip) re wit! (jp^j f; sefer jasa~ i
• ■
joy (delight) sebr f./m; t’ab v b f.;
(happiness) §ayi I f.;
m 9
(rejoicing) §abun c j 5 ^U f.
joyous ge§ JlX
judge dadpirs m.; Kakim p5L> m.
jug cer j A3, f./m.; gumgum p/,/ m./f; k 5 up yjP"
m.;
(small or medium-sized water j.) k’edtin
^jaTju.; k’upik XjX m -> lulik <JU<P
sewil J_.ja-v m.
juice av «Jb f.; (concentrated) §!r6z ppp f.
July Tirmeh aa^p f.; T’emuz j^a; f.
jump banz pb firqas p f.; lotik JbpJ f.
to jump bazdan ^Ijjb vt.; firqas kirin
vt.; lotik dan [xwe] Updjlj «djp) vt.;
pengizin qjj^aj vj.; geng III bfln vl
(with fright, be startled) tertilin j Aj' VJ.
to jump over xwe qevaztin (p'jU'Aj 0 _p. vt.
to jump up (rise, ascend) quloz bRn ^pJp vi.
junction duriyan ^b^j f.
June Heziran q\ ^jJa^. f.
juniper tree hevris ^-pAjfc m.; merx i
jurisprudence feqiti f
••
jurisprudent feqi Ai m;.
• •
just (adj.): (fair) dadmend jJa^jIj; Tewa I 1 j0 j
just (adv.) (only) t’ek Ja 3 -
just now t’aze ojb
just then Reniz P A=w
justice dadmend! ^jJa^jIj f.; isaf jbJ f.
*•
justified: -to feel ~ rRy§ xwe sp! kirin
(jX <5^ c
771
f
)
s
k
K
kaffiyeh cemedani ja^>a?- keving JIJaT
••
dersok f./m.; p 5 o§i m.; §emil J..«Ai; /.
«•
to keep: (hold, preserve) ragirtin (y J) j vt.; p’arastin
vt.; hilanin vt.; hilgirtin
<pJltt vt.; (~ animals) ragirtin (p J\j vt.; -to keep
an eye on g’av li fk-e btin J<jL- vi.;
g’aved xwe ji ft-i nebirin j 0> i aIjLw
vt.
to keep away (vi.) from xwe dane pa§ Jib a:1j 0> i vt.
to keep in check ragirtin p>_J\ j vt.
to keep watch nobe girtin p j? <>op vt.
kerchief: egal JITaj k’efi ^aT/.; (men’s headdress)
cemedani 1 J A 3 - f.; dersok f./m.;
keving Xu-jaT p 5 o§i m.; §emil J^aj:
(girl’s head scarf] Kibri f; (woman's head
scarf) k 5 itan jl P f.; terfii ^jaj f.; lag’ik
m •
garik JjL. f./m.; t’emezi ^a^aj §ar I jU
••
§emaq I ^Lcu /.
kernel dan II jlj m.; kakil Jit f m./f.; Keb uA> f./m
kettle cimcime I a^>^ m.
• •
key k’ilit o~IT mifte a^, /.
khan: (inn) xan I ^U. f.
kick givt f.; p’ePiin aj f ; refes f^ju A3 O J f . ;
iotik cJj_J f.
to kick givt ledan qIaIJ cJ> vt.; (of animals) litik
havetin (pZJ>l&> J.-J vt.; Tefes kirin q^sJ^asoj
vt.
to kick out (expel) qewrandin I J3 as vt.; hey
kirin aa vt.
kid: (young goat) kar I jl f f.; (1-2-year-old male goat)
gisk JpJ/f m.; (2-3-year-old male goat) kur I J3 pf
m.; (young gazelle) xif§ pJd* f.
to kidnap Tevandin qjjUoj vt.
kidney gurg’ik J f.
kilim ber IV jaj /.; cacim p^-L. /.; gelt oJAf m.;
k’ilim f; mer§ m.; *p’alas; tej II jaj
m.\ tejik I Jjaj m.; cil IIJ?. mezer jopp f.
to kill ku§tin pzP' vt.; (massacre) qir kirin pj' J vt.
killer m§rkuj m • ; xwini m.&f.;
ruhistin m.
kiln hetiin f.
kin xizm m.
kind (adj.) dilovan mihrivan
dilreKm dil§ewat oIja^Jj
kind (n.): (type, sort) cins m.; cfire oj^ m.\
reng Jl'toj m.
kind-hearted cam§r dilovan jUJ j; mihrivan
i dilreKm p~v ~oJ j, dil^ewat cuI^a^uJj
to kindle: vexistin vt.; pexistin vt.;
hilkirin vt.; §ewitandin ^jjuty^A^j vt. :
(stove) dadan jljlj vt.; daxistin pL«s.)j> vt.;
kindling sergavk Anv f*
kindness dilrefimi f.
king hakim p5W m.; p 5 ad§a UjL m.; (of non-Muslim
country) qiral m.;
kingdom ork’e aSJ^j f.
kingship p’ad§ati ^'UjU f.
kiss mag 5 I ^-L f./m.; pag 5 I ramusan 1 j f*
to kiss mag 5 kirin vt.; hatin riiy§ fk-§
••• 0- 1 ’ 1 -* vL < P & 5’ kirin 6^ (k Vt/ <
ramusan L^-c 1 j vt.
kitchen a§xane ajU^L c /.; pixerik f.
kitchen garden le’tik .-L^aJ f.
kite (flying toy) firfirok f.; (bird, zool. Milvus )
kolare oj'^jS' f.; qereqh§ j^ojas ; xertel jAjjAi
m.
kitty-cat p’isik f.
to knead stiran II q) vt.; hevir kirin
vt.; §elan vt.
knee gok f./m.; ejnu ^jaj kabok JjblS" f’-
(joint, bend) gene Aj a >■ f.
kneecap s§vsevok f.
to kneel: daqul bun q&> vi.; (squat) qelefiski
rdni§tin L f^i *Ja3 vi.; (of camels) xiya
m A
bdn Lo- vi.
knife k’er III JLf f.; (for cutting meat) hisan qLj* m.;
(meat cleaver, butcher’s ~) sat’or I jp ;L (large)
§efir joj^ f.; (old, rusty ~) kalhme a^JI f m.&f.;
kevlu ^Ji'AT f.
knight: p’elewan ^I^aJaj > m.; siwar m.; (in chess)
f§ris m.
to knit ginin qp.=^ vt.
to knit one's brow (be sullen) me 5 d§ xwe kirin
^yjS' a** vt.
77 2
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
K
knitting needle pij I m.; cax ^ m.
knob g’epil m .
knock (sound, noise) §erqin f
to knock over: (drop) li 'erde dan jb J; tera
kirin \j<>j vt.;
to knock together qelibandin jjjLJdj' vt.
knoll gir II jf m.\ bani II^L m./f\ diyar II jLo j m.
knot gire £^5 (easily untied ~) xilf f.
know (n.): -to be in the know about hay j@ hebiln
?/* ) , Vi .
<ufc
Y A
(S^ CS
to know (a fact) zanin vt.; zanibun vt.;
(be acquainted with) nas kirin vt.;
nasin vt.
knowing bilyan jLL
knowledge zanyari /.; zanin q < j\j me’rifet
»»
/.; ulm m.; zaneti ^<ub b
(information) salix pJL m.\ hay I f./m.
knowledgeable bilyan jLL
known: (well known) navdar jljib; -to make ~ to ;
raberi ... kirin qJ' ... c^*vb vt.
knucklebone deq jaj f; k’ap II ^Ib £
kohl kil I Jbjn./f.
kopeck kapek JLolb f./m.
Koran quran jbv b.; misfief f.
Koran reciter Kafiz _)iL- m.
kuftah kutilk f./m.
Kurd K’urd j J3 b.m.; Ek’rad j) m.;
Kurmanc -^Lj^bm.
Kurdish: K’urd? ^j^b ; (language: northern dialects)
»•
Kurmanci ; (traditionally, typically ~)
k’urdewari ^jb^A^b
««
Kurdish identity K’urdayeti £
*»
Kurdishness K’urdayeti ^tub^b/.
»»
Kurdish-speaking K’urdizan jbjjo*b
Kurdistan K’urdistan jb^jj^b f.
kurush quru§ m.
kvetch (complainer) navno m.
773
1
labor xebat /; k’ar II jlT m./f; §uxul
212.//.; emek 222.; k 5 edj*TZ;
(forced L, corvee) olam ^^5 Z; *suxre
laborer hodax spb^m\ xebatk’ar jISjL**. m.
lack qusfir j^p /; k§masi /kfrmayi Iff.;
•« • *
zede oJoj Z.
lack of funds bep’ereti /
lacking: (missing) kem i ^S] (in need of) muhtac
<?***»-
lacking support bepi§t
mm
lactiferous (animal) do§ani /
ladder nerdewan jljoZ; p’glegan /;
p’Speling JaJ A-Jo Z/m.; p’estirk J/;
silim in.
ladle hesk Z; (smaller than desk) gogik J^p* f
(wooden spoon) gemgik Z; k’efgir
Z;
/;
-skimming ~ mifsik /
to ladle up bilg’inin vt.
lady sti ^ Z; xanim jU. xatftn j^U. Z.
I
lady beetle: (ladybug) xalxalok Z.
lady bird: (ladybug) xalxalok JjJUJU Z
ladybug xalxalok J^JUJU. /
lady's man tolaz jVp* 222.
laid waste (in ruins) weran I j!
lair (den of wild animal) lan /; qtln qP f.
lake: gol JZ; ger III j*f/; (small ~) gom II Z;
(small mountain ", tarn) berm m./f.
lamb berx f./m.; ( 1-3 weeks old) begi I
lame leng JjaJ; t’opal JLp 1 ; seqet (in hand)
goc ; qop s /P J §eht c^<u; §il II JU ; -to be -
kulin Q.Jp' vi.;
lameness t’opali f
to lament: nalin qJIj vi.; (wail for the dead)
lorin (jjjjJ V2.; lfibandm ajL> vf.;
§in kirin c j^T c j_a: vZ; z§mar kirin Qjf jLZj vf.
lammergeier dalefe§ 222.
lamp g’ira 11 ^/; fanos /.; §emal JLaj: /
lance: (spear) nize oyj /; ni§tir m./f.; rim ^ m./f.
lancet ni§tir m./f
land: 'erd jja* m./f; (dry + sea) bej ja> Z; Te§ayi
(Jpej f; (fertile ~ on river bank) gewllk /;
••
c’em 222.
1 v
to land dahatin vL; danin vt.; dadan
vt.; veni§tin qz&oS vi.
land mine leqem p«ajc\J Z; tepink ciLi-O <*j f.
landlord serwere male ^JL «Uy 233 .
landslide a§tt Ten! ^oj L
mm
lane: (narrow street) k’tige /; kolan II ^^TZ;
’ewe Z; zaboq (jjjlj Z.
language ziman jLj 222.; lavz jS)l 222.; zar I jlj 222.;
zarav drtjlj 222.; lewxet Z
lantern fanos ^jpti Z
lap k’o§ Z; (of garment) damen 222.; daw I
Z; p 5 e§ II (jaIj Z.
lapel p’esir Z.
lard bez I 222.
larder (storage shed) k’ox 222.
large mezin gir I J; (- and clumsy) girs
large intestine (of animal) sincoq 222.
larger mezintir
lark ( Alaudidae ) teti ^ Z
larynx qirik I J p f.
lash (with whip) qamg! ( j ^U 222.
••
lass zen I ^joj Z
mm
lassitude westan I Z
last (final) pa§in dawin -§ dfimahik^
• •
to last ajotin vt.; domin vi.
last name (surname) pa§nav JiLiU 222.
last night fevedi ; doh evare 15 aJj
• • ••
last will and testament wesyet Z.
last year par I jb; sala bori ^jp
mm
last-born: (baby of the family) binhemban
m.&f; pa§landik m.&f.
late dereng Jjojoj; (delayed, behind) giro egle
(deceased) reKmetf j
••
animals) virni ^p
(born ", of thin
lateness derengi Z.
later derengtir ^d 5 oj<o; (then) pa§§ ddra
hing§ §Hnda Iaj^
lather I (foam) k 5 ef «J«^TZ
774
<i,C
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
L
<u; m.;
lather II (one who works a lathe) xerat m.
laugh k’en q*? m.
to laugh k’enin vi.
laughingstock qegmer jou^aS m.; gemo m.;
pek’enok f./m.
laughter k’en m.
laundress cilgo i-iwU f.
laundry balav J>*VL f.
laundry day berav oIjaj /•
laundrywoman cilgo pzl*. f.
lavash (long, flat bread) log J m.
lavatory avdestxane avr§j I /.;
golik III JUjp* dagir /.; destav JL-oj
destavxane a3U*Ll«,oj /.; edebxane
qedemge /.;
law qantin zagon j /.; heq j<*jb m.
law suit gikyat oL£i m.
lawful Tewa I Ijoj
V
lawyer ebtiqat oIs^aS m.&£
to lay a trap tepike li ber fk-i
danan jbb,.. J ££aL vedan jtjai vf.
layer gin f./m.; t’ebax II^Laj m./f; ti I m.;
(thin film on milk, or cream on top of yoghurt) to I
p m.
laziness t’irali L J\p f.; t’embeli ^*^*3 /.; sisti
•• •• ••
xemsari f.
lazy t’embel Ja^.aj; t’iral JI p; bexiret oo_^^;
••
xemsar _jL*4A- a
lead (chemical element: Pb) qerqe§un I f;
zirdg gJjj m./f
to lead megandin jjjLiA-. vf.; bi r§ ve
birin vt,; (go before) li pegiya fk-e
k’etin ^jaT 444 L-pPj; (govern) serweri
kirin a*v vt.
lead article sernivisar I jLJ3j<u sergotar jL^a-,
f.
to lead astray dagerandin jjjl ja^j vt.; di serda
birin ^1J j A^v *3 vt.
leader: r@ber jaJj ni.&f.; rSzan jljjj m.; mezin
m.; serek Joja-* m,; serok JjLa*. m.; serwer
m.\ (detachment leader [mil.]) gawig J^J^r
m.; (spiritual ~) §§x m.
leadership r§beri ^aJJ f\ fermandari ^JjjLja* f ;
mezinahi .y&bjA* f; serk’ari 5Ja* /.; serweri
M *•
A*, /.
leaf (pi. leaves): belg Xa> m.; p’el I Jaj m./fl; t’ebax
II*\j<>o m./f ; (large leaf) belg’im ^jJaj (autumn
foliage) xezal II J1j*s. f.
lean: (thin) jar I Jj; lawaz jl 3 V ; lexer ja^-a J; narin
Oijkl qels I *Ji; zeyf oboj; zirav I <Jbj; g’ir
II o.
775
to lean (vt.) spartin qs vt.
to lean against p’aldan ^IjJL vt.; xwe
spartin J L_~ 0^_3> vf.
to lean over daqtil bfin Jjp)j vi.
leanness jari ^Ij f.; ziravi jj f
leap banz jpb /.; firqas p f; lotik JbjJ f.
to leap geng III btln q<& Jj a^. ; pengizin vi.;
xwe qevaztin ^ vt.; lotik dan [xwe]
[oj-i](j)j cJbjJ vt.;
to leap at: (pounce on) Tahi§tin ser vt.
to learn hin[i ...] bun c j 5 ^[ L5 ]^A vi.; 'elimin
vi.; f§ri ftt btln vi.
to learn by heart (memorize) ji ber kirin c y J 5 "jaj _J vt.;
*rewa kirin
learned zane «*j1j
learning (n.) (erudition) ulmdari f.
•• •*
leather strap qayi§ jLob f.
leave: (permission) emir I ^*5 m.
to leave berdan jljjAj vf.; higtin vt.; t’erk
dan vt.; t’erkandin vf.;
letilandin vf.; (come out) derk’etin
jioS'joj vi.; derhatin qjIajdj vi.; (to depart)
lexistin gun vt./vi.;
ledan gUn vt./vi.
to leave alone dev berdan Joj vf.;
••
jevebtin vi.
to leave off (doing stg.) (to cease, stop, quit) ji ...
rabtin ... j' vi.; t’erkandin vt.; dev
je berdan £3 Joj vf.; qeran vt./vi.;
• •
dest j§ k’igandin o—oj vf.; higtin
• •
vt.;
leaven heven m.; hevirtirg jim.
Lebanon oak dindar II ,!ibj f.
..
lecture gotar f.
ledge gene •xj f.
leech ztlri f./m.
• •
leek (allium porrum ) kurad j>)jP' f.\ kewer joj*T f.
left: (direction) g’ep
left wing gepgir
leftist gepgir ^<0*
leg ling XJ m.; p’e II ^ m.; qedftm m.;
(bird’s leg) gip /.; (- of a trip) qonax
f./m.; (lower part of trouser ~) deling XJoj m./f.
leg irons gldar f.
legacy kelepflr JaT m.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
legal damages xerc tnJt\
legal suit (law suit) §ikyat obi js m.
legband xirxal m./f
leggings zengal Jidoj f.
legitimate rewa I l 3 oj
lemon limon /.
to lend: (money) deyn dan vf.
length direjahi jj £
♦ ♦
leniency dilp§veblln f.
lentil nisk £; (cooked ~s) mi§ewi§
Leo §er I JLJ: m.
leopard piling «£LL m.
leprosy k’otibfin f.
lesion zede 0 J 0 J f.
lesson ders ^joj f.
lest deqene djdioj conj. [+ subj.]
let bila U? conj. [+ subj.]
to let: (allow) hi§tin vf.; izin dan Jq>J vf.;
rSdan vf.; ( causative ) dan I jlj vf. + inf.
to let alone dev je berdan «Joj vf.;
j§vebHn vi.
to let be (to let alone) j§vebfln vi.
to let down dakirin q^SIj vf.; (lower, into a pit)
dahi§tin vt.
to let fall (drop) xistin vt.
to let go [of] berdan vt.
to let know pe Kesandin vt.
• •
to let up (cease, of rain) vedan vt.
let’s see! k’ani II
■ «
letter (epistle) name /.; mek’t’Hb q ^ f. J
k’axez f f./m.; (1. of alphabet) tip ^ f.
leucoma ava spi C5r .Ulj f.
level (adj.): (flat, even) dtiz
leveret: (young hare) xirnaq jb m.&f.
liar derewin ^ 3 o jo j m.&f.] derewker jofjojo j m.&f.]
virek Jo Ji m.
libel ’ewani ^ 3 +* £; §ilt’ax /.; altaxi ^Ub f.
liberation rizgari f
libertine forq m.&f.] qab II V L m.] tol I Jp
m.&f.] tolaz jNp m.
liberty azadi ^Jjb serbesti f] rizgari
•• *■
f
Libra m§zin qjj/L* f] p@vir ft m§zin
t’erazi /.
»♦
lice -> see louse,
licit rewa I l^oj
to lick alastin ^pu^b vt.
lid: (cover) derxwin m./f
lie: (fib, falsehood) derew f.; vir II £; nerasti
cs~“V 4j
1 ,* £
to lie (tell lies) vir kirin vt.
to lie down ser§ xwe danin vt]
••
p’aldan jljJb vt.] rak’etin vi.; ramedin
j vi.; xwe direj kirin qJ?^ vt.]
razan q)j)j vi.; nivistin vi.; vek’etin
vi.; velezin vi.
life jin qjJ 'emir II m.
life story (biography, memoir) serhati f.
♦ »
lifeless: (dead) b&can
lifestyle rabftn ft rftni§tin j q^\j f
to lift hildan jljJjb vf.; hilanin [^bjjb] vt.]
hilgirtin qz jZl a vf.; rakirin ^^51 j vf.; hevraz
kirin qJ' j\J*Jt vt.] (a person) hilbirin ^..>^1*
vf.; hilgaftin vf.;
(to remove) hilkirin vf.
lifted (raised up) quloz jplIp
light (adj.): 1) color : (of tea) sivik J_L*; vebflyi ^^*3
; zer joj ; (bright) Ton I
weight: sivik diL,; beten
(j3j /rohni I ^jti^j] 2 )
(gentle) tenik
light (n.): ronahi I ^b£; ntir £; rew§ jijoj /;
§emal JL^u; /.; §ewq £; (lamp) g 5 ira I 1 ^
f] fanos (dim, weak ~) sinahi /.
••
to light: vexistin vf.; p^xistin vt.]
hilkirin vt.] §ewitandin vf.;
(stove) dadan jUj vf.; daxistin vf.;
light blue tebesi
• •
to light up (vi.) hilbun vi .; (vt.) §emal dayin
] J vt.
lighting ronahi I ^yfcbjL /.; §emal JL f.
lightness (of weight) sivikayi ^ISjL, /.
lightning birtlsk bl§g f./m.
lightning bolt §i§a birtiskd Lpp; /.;‘triisk
♦ ♦
« J f.
lightning bug (firefly) pispisok I Jp^o /.
lightweight sivik diL,; b§t§n
A*
light-witted t’ewekel
like (similar to) wek J 0 «: mina L^»; fena b^ ; siti II
• nnla Mr; fncl KocaLfi y , I ...
to like begem kirin ^^5% ; 'ecibandin
vt.] k 5 §fa fk-§ ji ... re hatin qjLa oj j ,,, U if
vi; evandin vt.
77 6
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
L
likeable riRsivik JlL-o-j
T
to liken [stg. to stg. else] §ibandin jjjLi vt.
likewise herwiha l
liking: -to s.o.’s liking bi dile fk-§ v
lily sosxn f.
limb endam m.
limb from limb elep’arge *5
lime: (gypsum) ces gee k’ils /.
limekiln hetfin f.
limelight: -to avoid the ~ xwe dane pa§ jib 0i i- vt.
limit sinor m.; t’ixUb Red m .;
(time ~) molet /.
limitless bSResab
limp §il II JLi ; sist
to limp kulin vi.; lengirin vi.;
licimin vi.
limpid zelal J^oj; Ton I /rohni I
limpidity zelal! f.
limping leng Jj J; t’opal Jljp
limpness sisti /.
■ ■
line r§z xet /./m.; qor ^ §ax
/./m.; §er!t coj«u /; (family, lineage)
binemal JLajj /.; malbat oLJL nif§
f./m:, (of writing, poetry, etc.)
Tezik j f.
line dance govend f.
to line up (vt.) rez kirin y 3 j vt.
lineage binemal JL^ malbat oUL /.;!cax
^■L^o nif§ /./m.
linen caw m.; k’itan jUT/.
linguist zimanzan jljjLj m.&/.
linguistics zimanzan! f.
lining: (on meat) betan m.
link p 5 evgir§dan (final 1. in chain)
oik I JJp f,
lintel serder JO J J <\-4V
lion §§r I m.
lioness deleser f.
lip l@v (of jug) kevi I ^'* 5 " f.
liquid (adj.) avi ; Ton II
liquid (n.) Ton II m.
liquidity Ton! II f.
lira: (Turkish currency) baqnot
to listen (to) guhdar! kirin vt.; guh
dan/kirin c y > f / jb vt.
listener guhdar J m.&f.
listening guhdar! sjtJ* f.
listless sar jL
vt.
literary edebi I w§jeyi
«« ■«
literate person xuneda b**^ m.
literature edebiyat oLooja! /.; weje
lithe (pliant, young) ter j«0'
litigant §ikyatgi l ^jLS 2 m.
litter: (stretcher) darbest o— «qjb me’f
f
litterateur torevan I jtiojjp'm.; wejevan m.
little pig’xik ^J^j; g’ug’ik I ; qieik A=&\ -a
little (somewhat) gendek hindik Jaia;
v
hine hineki kem I jjX; pigek
little bit Rebeki hineki fiekeki (Ad);
• • <•«
pigek ; g’ig’ik II m.
little finger qilig’k JL*Jj /.; t’iliya g’uk Lh
littleness pig’ukayi /.
to live jin ^>j vi.; debirin j vi.; (dwell, reside)
jin ^jj’ vi.; runi§tin vi.; -to live to see
'emir kirin ^vt.
livelihood debar jLoj /.; 'ebhr m.\ ’emal
m./f.
liveliness gapiki ^la. /.; gelengi /.; jfray!
• • ••
lively gapik JLU. ; jir ^j ; zendi
liver ceger -f/m./ cegera regji^j 1 jaT^/; cerg
^43. m./f.\ pi§a re§ jioj Uj melak f.
livestock (cattle) t 5 ari§ jijly m.; gavri gare§
* •«
jLojlT/.; dewar jljoj m.; (sheeps & goats) sewal I
(Jljtw m.
living (adj.) (alive) sax^-L; jindar jIajljJ
living: (n.) (sustenance) debar jboj /.; 'ebfir m.
lizard bfikmar jLS&j margisk m.\
mazizerk -Jjoj^jL (chameleon) xemegur! ■
/!; (medium-sized or large) dlya
• •
mara IjL Lo.j /!; (large) qumqumok Jj^u*s /.;
(small ~) mazelilk JLUojL (wall gecko)
marmaro§k I /.; kilife djJTm.
load: (burden) bar I jL m.; barxane /.; k 5 a§ I
jilT/.; pi§ti I L5 ^jo m./f.
• •
to load: bar kirin _,L vt.; lekirin vt.;
tekirin vt.; (~ onto shoulder) hilgirtin
qj vt.', (~ a rifle) dagirtin (y J\ j vt.
loafer (idler) tolaz j)jp m.
to loan: (money) deyn dan vt.
lobby he5rwan I
local dereke aT 0j oj ; xwecihi
••
local inhabitant xwecihi m.\ binec! , <3-4-0 m.\
777
binel! m.
—
located mewefid -33^4- ; dan!
L
lock: (of hair) guli I f./m.; t’flncik (of
woman's hair) bisk csLo /.; kezi ^aT f; (on door)
mifte f; k’ilit c~JLT f.
mm
to lock dadan jbb vt.; daxistin vt.
locust kuli £
••
to lodge (vi.: stop for the night) Eewin ^a^. vi.;
h§wirin (y^j^Jb vi.; (vt.: give lodging to)
Kewandin jjjlj**. vt.; cl kirin vt.;
«•
hewirandin vt.
lodgings (quarters, residence) menzil Jj>>a-. f.
log: (hollowed out ~) hot oJj
loins damen j<u>b m.
loneliness t’eneti c j^<^ f; t’ekti (j&ts f.
_ . •• ••
lonely xewle aJ 3 a^.
long dirgj j3.jj
long bearded rihdirej jSjaaj
to long for bijin I vf.; m§la fk-l/ft-i kirin
/k’i§andin ^ vt.
long time: -for a long time ji mej ve a* j; zilda
^33j
longing (for): hesret o £; (homesickness) b§ri II
(£J^ £
long-lived 'emirdirdj : jJj_*ap
look: m§ze *_>b> f.; nezer jojAi /.; zen I yij f.;
( scornful ) avir J\J m./f.; (stern, angry) dogika
gavan jU'L. ; (checking) t’esell aj' f,
mm
to look bala xwe dan jb o$£- vf.; dina xwe dan
jb Iqj vf.; zen dan jb Jjj vt.
to look after: (take care of) miqati fk-T bun
( j 5 ^ 4 ##C 5 ylJL 0 vi.; xwedi le kirin jb"jj vf.;
«• ••
hay j§ hebiln j^aa fej ^bt. vi.; t’imar kirin
oJ' jL-j vf.
to look at (watch) n§rin vt.; m§ze kirin
obb vt.; fericin as vi.; t§ fikirin
vi.; le t’ema§e kirin j^ a^LajjJ vt.
■*
to look in on t’eseli kirin vt.; (a sick
• •
person) saxti kirin jb" vt.
• ■
to look into: (investigate) lekolin yppf/J vt.
to look like (resemble) §ibfn q-~P vi.; man jL vi.
looking after (caring for) miqati f; t’imar jL-j f.
looking glass (mirror) nenik I Jll3 /.; 'eynik JLjap £;
qoti I f.; h§li c JZjb f; (large ~) 'eyne ajjap f.
•» «• _
looks: (appearance) bejnbal JLjjaj f.; dirtiv m.;
qelafet oas^Ias m.
loom: (weaver's ~) t’evn ^'aj m./f; xanflt f;
dezgeh aaJjoj f.
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
loop xelek JaJas* f.
loose sist cm**-,; (of stitches) fir II J; (dangling) §or II
jp,; (wild, dissolute) t’ewekel JaS^aj
to loosen: sist kirin jb <^~~»vt.; ve kirin jb** vt.;
(cock of gun) geqandin jjjUa*. vt.
to loot t’alan kirin jb q^ 3 vt.
looting (n.) t’alan m./f.
to lop off (of trees) k’ezaxtin c ja.) ja 5" vt.
lord beg m.; (head of the house) malxw§
«»
m.; sermiyan jL^a^ m.; serwer m.
lorry (truck) piqab v bio f.
to lose berza kirin jb'jj^ vf.; winda
kirin jb '^.3 vt.; (at a game) dorandin jjjJjb vt.
to lose control vebehin vi.
to lose one's way fieyrin ^Aa. vi.; xalifin Q-iJU- vi.
loss t’elef «JaJa; f.
lost berza winda ; (astray) Keyri ^^.a^.; to
€«
be/get ~ roda gUn \s$j vi.;
lot: (portion, share) behr I f; be§ I f/m.[ 2 \;
p’ar II jb f; p’ay f./m.; pi§k JUj. f; (“in life,
• •
luck) bext ^aj m.; felek JaJas f.; pe§k II
f.
lots pe§k II Jj:
lottery pe§k II cJjjaj f.
loud bilind
m
to lounge (sprawl out, lie down) velezin ^j aJas vi.
louse (pi. lice): spi II f; (young ") niitik f;
(larva of") ri§k ebj f.
to louse up (spoil, ruin) p’llg’ kirin qP' y t-
love evin f; evindari ^IjjlJaS /.; dildari
/.; e§q ^aJ f; Bub f; muKbet oa^>>«
f; Kez ja^. f.
to love je Kez kirin vf.; viyan jLi vt. [+
tt
obi. pm.]; Kebandin ^jjUa^. vt.; evandin qjjUaj
vt.
love making k’ef [H] Kenek JaJas.^ <_ilf
lovely: (beautiful) xwe§ik
lover a§iq m.; dost m.&f.; yar jU
m.&f.
low nizm xwar melfil J^a^
to low barin II (yj L> vi.; borin I Qt^fevi.; orin
vi.
low profile: -to keep a ~ xwe dane pa§ jib Aj)j ^ vt.
lower: (inferior) jerin
lower than (downward of, below) ji ...H p§da )a!
778
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
lower than (downward of, below) ji ...ft p§da
to lower: dakirin vt.] daxistin j vf.; (s.o.
down into a pit) dahi§tin j vt.
lower part j§r J>j £
lowness nizmi ( +P £
lucerne heliz £
luck bext mr, felek f\ oxir pp £; (good
luck) bextewari £\ iqbal JLjlJ m.\
siftd £
lucky bextewar ; xudanbext
lull: (in the rain) kevld
to lull: (put to sleep) moriya xew§ avitin guhS fk-f
... £ 53 *^-^ Vt -
99 ••
lullaby lor! II ^J -to sing lullabies lorandin
vt. "
lumbar nerve riha qolincd l Jtj £
09
lumberjack darbir m.
lump: (swollen node) tulK Ap £
lunch (midday meal) firavJn p nan§ nivro
ppj m.\ *naverok; ta§te £
luster §ewq £
lustre —> see luster,
luxury sentenet f.
lye zirk Ajj £
lying (n.) (telling lies) vireki p £
»•
lying down Tamediyayi ^Lj
#•
lying on one's back ramediyayi
lynx we§eq £
M
J c
mace gurz I jj^T m.\ hiw@zi m.\ ciniK m.
machine makine <>j~SL> £
• »
mad: (angry) sil J-,; sim@lre§ ji©; (crazy) din II
(j-j j; §§t owli ; neKi§ ; aqilkurin ^j^SllsLS;
(raving) Keg’ (rabid) har jLa; -to get ~ (angry) at
xezibin j<\s~ vi.
madam sti
xanim £
madder soring J3^ [see also batov <JpL £ ]
made: -to be made gebtin vi.
made of ji I j
made ready: -to be ~ p’ekhatin ^'Ia cJl> vi.
madness: (craziness) dinayi ^loj /.; nehi§i £;
§§ti (being rabid) hari ^Ia £
■ • ••
magazine (periodical) kovar £
magic ser I efsHni £
magic spell isme ser§ m.
magistrate hakim Jl*. m.
magnanimity dilrehmi himmet f.
m m
magnanimous ciwamer ; dilreKm
magnificence sentenet f.
to magnify zede kirin j^ToJuj vt.
magpie ke§kele qijik Jj .5 qirik II /
mahaleb cherry kiner f.
maidservant cari ^jU /.; xadim qerwa§
{J* I3j ** ^
maimed seqet O ^
to maintain (claim) idi‘a kirin Qjf[*>±Jvt.
maize: (corn) genime§ami m.; garis[e
stanboli] m.; genmok
gilgile Stembole m.; lazfit
•» •»
m.; zuret I oo J3 j f.
majority p’irani /.; gelemperi
to make g§ kirin vt .; dirust kirin
vt.; Tagandin vt.; (for dinner) lenan jjLlJ
vt.; (to found, establish) saz kirin jL vt.; (~
s.o. do stg.) dan I jlj vt. + inf.; (render, cause to
be) derxistin joJ vt.
to make a name for o.s. xwera nav qazanc kirin
(yjd ^ 3 )jls <Jjb 1 vt.
to make a profit qazanc kirin vt.
to make an agreement §ert giredan vt.
to make do with (be contented with) bi ft-1 qenaet
kirin qJ' o<vcbAS ... v vt.
to make for (head for) qesda ft-i kirin qJ'.. vt.
V .
to make out: (to espy, catch sight of, distinguish)
qi§irandin vt.
to make peace (between 2 warring parties) a§t kirin
qJ' c-ili vt.; li hev anin 5 Jf*$J vt.; fesla fk-f
kirin j^T***^^ vt.
to make ready (to prepare) Kazir kirin jjU vt.
to make sense [to s.o. ] k’etin ser@ fk-& vi.
*»
to make up: (vi.) (to be reconciled) li hev hatin
o*a J vi.; p’£khatin ^Ia Jtb vi.; p’ev
k’etin vi.; (vt.) (constitute) p’£kanin
dZo vt.
^ •• *»y
to make use of bi kar anin q-jU jIT v ; c emilandin
vt.; xebitandin ^ajLoc^ vt.
malaria t’a u lerz jj<J 3 b /.
male ner
malediction: (curse) nifir f.
Y
malevolence zikre§i ^5j /.
••
malevolent zikre§ Jio ^5j
malice zikre§i ^ o^5j /.
••
malicious zikre§
mallet: (sledgehammer) geran II q) j<*f m.\ mire
m.\ (large ~) mek’ut o^Sl^ m.\ zomp m.\
gilmere o m.; (for beating burghul or wheat)
k’utik I djjfm.
mallow tolik Jllj-L/tolik <JJ$j /.
man mer ^ m.\ meriv <Jj^ m.; peya I Laj m.;
k’abra )f m.\ zilam m.
man of letters torevan I jlio jp m.; w§jevan m.
manacles zinclr j /.
to manage (direct) me§andin vt.; bi Te ve
birin ^ vt.
management fermandari /.
manager r§vebir m.; serk’ar jl5^^ m.
mandarin orange laleng! /.
mane biji I ^j.; m./£ \ gull I ^ f./m.
•• »»
mange gir iv J m.
mangy guri k’oti ^
• • •»
manhood merani ( y)JL* /.; zilamti /.
to manifest o.s. xuyan I vi.
manifesto daxuyani /.
manliness merivti
(J^h £
• 9
manly qogax
manna gezo jj^m.
/.; merani ^ f-> zilamti
780
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
manner: (way, style) awa X m.; celeb I v <uX m .;
ctire m.; reng Xo j m.; t’eher j<u*<u m.\
form Z
manners: (good ~) 'edeb I V oj<^ Z; rabun u
r£Lni§tm j I j /.
manor qonax Z./m.
man's ner X
manservant lele <*J<J m.
mansion qonax Z./m.; xan-man qesr
^*3 £
manure: ter§ I Xj* 0 ' m.; zibil J_>j (goat or sheep's ~)
bi§kul JjSjSj pi.//.; peyin m.; (dried cow ~)
k’erme qelax /; rix Z;
sergin qX Z./m.; (pressed) t’epik If X>X
pl/m.; t’ert oj^' m.; ke§kdr
pesar! ^jLaj pi.//; (horse ~) peyin q^j<u m.;
• •
(mixed with straw, in rock-hard
chunks) deve II 43oJ /
manuscript destnivis /
many gelek J«JX p’ir II j_>; ze’f o^oj; mi§e
maple tree kevot I oJiX /.
marble mermer m.; (small glass ball, which
boys play with) mat I oL Z; tebel J<y«u /
March (month) Adar jljli Z
mare (female horse) mehin I /.
marjoram cat’iri ^jjU /; nefel J«*i«u /.
• •
mark ni§an jXe /; navni§an m./Z
to mark: k’if§ kirin vf.; (leave a mark on)
deqandin qjjUoj vt.
market bazar jljL Z; sdk Z
marketplace bazar JjU Z; suk Z
marking navni§an jXX 3 m./Z
marriage zewac Z; nikha X Z; (civil ~)
mehir Z
married: -to get married zewicin vi .; mehr
kirin qX vt.; (of man) jin anin/standin
qjjX/ qX (jj vZ; (of woman) §u kirin qXX
vf.; mer kirin qX vt.
marrow meji in.
to marry: (s.o. off) zewicandin jjjU-joj vf.; §u dan
jlj jX vf.; nikha kirin gubastin
^Z; (be wed) zewicin v/; mehr
kirin qX vt.\ (of man) jin anin/standin
qjjX/ qX qj vf.; (of woman) §ti kirin qXX
vf.; m§r kirin jX A^ vt -
marsh: (swamp) genav J»1jXZ; cimcime II
marten kii§k XX/X^Xm.; khze ojXZ
marvel 'ec§b Z; sosret ooj-4- Z
masculine n@r Jo
M
masculinity merivti j^ Z; m§rani XX® Z;
zilamti Z
to mash: (press, squeeze) dewisandin qjjLjoj vf.;
pergiqandin qjjXjM vf.; heri§andin qjjI jj<u*
vf.; p’elaxtin q.;XX. vf.; p’Spes kirin
y Z» t’episandin qjjLo^* vf.
mass (of clouds) t’elp X«o' m.
to massacre qir kirin qJ' js vf.
to massage miz dan q1j>o vf.; perixandin qjjUj.su vf.
master xwedi ^jo^j. in.; (of a trade or profession) osta
••
Xp m.; (of the house) malxw§ m.;
••
sermiyan jLj^ m.; serwer jojjcu* m.
masterpiece §aheser
mat: qisil Jx Z; Kesir Z; (sleeping ~) do§ek
Z
match: (for kindling fire) neftik Xiaj Z; k’irpit c~oX
Z;
-to be no ~ for s.o. ne*karin vf.; ne*§iyan
vt./vi.
matchmaker xwazgin m.&Z
mate (lover) yar jb m . &Z.
material kereste <k^oj*S' m.\ (cloth) quma§ jX 5 ■ m * ;
tixaris Z
materiel k’el H p’el J^u 3 J dS'm./t/pl.; -war materiel
k’el u p’elen cenge 3
mating season gon II m.
matter: (issue, problem) mesele <J f* ; pirs Z;
§uxul JxX m./£; zede oj 0 j Z; (topic, subject)
mijar jl> Z; (pus) 'edab v 1j^ Z; k’em II
nem JJ Z
mattock k J uling XJX 273 -
mattress mit§l u X-° Z; do§ek j Z; cil IIIX
qisil Jx Z
mature qerd I jj^J
to mature (vi.) pijin
OiH vL
matzoh nane §keva UXi ^bin.
maund min II Z
May (month) Gulan j^X Z
maybe belki XX ; cedibit cwjj^ ; qemi ^*5; qey
C9^
••
me min
meadow gayir ^o.U Z; gimen q<w 3. m.; m@rg Xx»
Z
meadow salsify (Tragopogon pralensis ) siping Xj-* Z/m.
meal nan qIj m.; (m. eaten before dawn during
Ramazan) pa§iv XX. Z; -to have a ~ nan xwarin
meaning me’na Z; n@t cJJ Z
means hiner j<ula m./Z; navgin c >X'b Z
meantime: -in the ~ di w§ navberfi da 1 j j
781
M
measles sorik £; birov jjj-o £
measure qiyas ^Ls m.; (step) p§ngav Jl&b gav
Jlf £; -to make to m. (a garment) fesilandin
^Jj^b-Ai vt.
to measure pivan jtLu vt.
measurement qeys ^as £
meat go§t o m.; (roasted and stored for winter
use) qel! ^ as £
meat cleaver (butcher's knife) sat’or I jjL £
meat seller go§tfiro§ m.
medal ni§an jbLJ £
medallion ni§an jLlj £
to meddle (interfere) k’etin ort’e^JJ vi.;
mm
mayt§kirin c j^£boL vt.; qari§i ft-t bdn
Qi&f VI.
meddlesome (nosy) mayteker ja52joL
meddling may £
mm
Mede Med j<u /Mad jL m.
the Media dezgehen ragihandine ^
*•
mediation berevani ^Isojaj £
m m
mediator berevan jbojAj m.
medicine derman jL j0 j m.
Mediterranean medlar: (azarole, hawthorn) gijok
medium (means of attaining something) navgin ^^jS'b £
meek feqir .^J'as ; p’arsuxwar jhj^jb
meekness rdnermi ^jaJ^j £
to meet: (vi.) civin vi.; gihi§tin hev
Jaa vi.; xir ve bun as ^ vi.; (to
encounter) rast hat in ^yl* o -d j vi.; leqayi bdn
cjs* ijb+JvL; p’ergi bdn ^ vi.; (become
acquainted with a person) nasiya xwe dayin
q-oIj 09 -i. Lwb vt.; (greet, come out to ~) berbiri
bdn Q& ; gdn berahik’6 ££J*)jaj
vi.; gun p§rgine o»* vL
■ ■
meeting k’om bdn ^ £; civ at 0 U> £; civin
£; (encounter) leqa IsaJ £; berahik Jjt )jaj £;
p’ergin oZ^. pe§waz
melancholia jana fe§ jioj blj; mirdz m.
melancholy sewda 1 jja-* m.
melody (tune) leylan jU>aJ £
melon: gindor £; k’al III JITm.; pet§x aj
m.; qawin m.; (small, yellow) §imamok
•JjjLi £; (unripe ~) talik JJb m.
melon patch p’ar@z I jbjb £; werz j j0j m.
to melt: (vt.) Kelandin vt.; biho§tin
vt.; pi§aftin vt.; (vi.) Kelin vi.;
sincirin vi.
membrane p’erde oJjAj £
member endam m.
memoir serhati ^ Laja- £
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to memorize ji ber kirin jaj j vt.; *rewa kirin
memory bal II Jb f ; bir I £.; z@n I
menace: (threat) gef <j<*f m./f.
to mend (socks) veginin ^^j^aS vt.
mendicant: (beggar) p’arsek m.; xwazok
m.; gede ojA^m.
menses cil Ja. pi.
mention C §1 II f.; kat ol ft
■
to mention g@la ft-f kirin qJ£ *** vt.;
kat kirin olT vt.
mercenary xwefiro§ m.
merchandise mal II JL m.; e§ya LjiAj m.; pertal
JhjAj pi.
merchant bazirgan jlT,jb m.
merciful dilovan jlsjJj; dilreKm dil§ewat
merciless b§rehm
mercilessness berehmi £
•• ••
mercy dilovani £; dilpevebun c j 3 3 J^b.Jj £;
mm
dilrehmi £
merit hgjayi £\ layiqi £
to merit (deserve) heqe xwe standin {j*jt>
• ■
vt. ; layiq bfln ^ vi.
merry ge§ serxwe§ (fun-loving) xo§-
me§reb v o_^a^
Mesopotamia Mezra Bohtan IjJa^ £;
mess (disorder, chaos) k’eft d left oJaJ j oJaT £;
k 3 af-k 5 un «jlT £; geremol Jj^>o j*f £
to mess up (spoil, ruin) t’Skdan vi -'> P’^G 5 kirin
message peyam pl> A; £/m.
messed up p’epdk I J^.aj; p 5 eri§an (jUojAj
messenger qasid jlwU' m.; qewaz j )jaj m.
messy be ser u ber ja> j
■ *
meter (poetic) t’eqil Jjaj £
method r§baz jlo.j £ ; celeb I ^aJa^. m.; t’eher j AJfc Aj
m.
methodical r§k d p§k J3j
methodicalness rek d p@ki C5 £b 3 £
mm
to micturate mistin vt.
midday meal (lunch) firavin nan6 nivro
^ib m.
middle (n.) (center) naverast £; nivti^]^ f./w.;
naverast ; navend jj aj b £; ort 5 e aj_^j /•>
nav II Jib £/m.; (waist) navteng JjaJIj £; -in the
~ of nav III Jb
middle (adj.) (central) navin ^b
Middle East Rojhilata Navin ^Jb b*U*_Sj £
middle finger tiliya n£vi c J^j LJj‘ £;
t’iliya ort’§ #jp LJb“/.
782
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
middle-aged navsera Ija-J'U
midge (mosquito) k’erm§§ jZ+jtff.
midnight n!v@ §ev§ 222.
midrib (-central vein of leaf) bisti £
midst hindav Ji jja £/m.; hoi II Jpt f.
might: (power) h§l I JIa £; hdz £; qeddm ^ja 5
222.; qewat oIjaS £.; qudret oojjji £.; zexm ^oj
£.; zor I jjj £; derb vj oj £/m.;
zordest! <>j j} j f
mighty bihez gumreh a<>
to migrate k’og kirin vt.
migration k’og II ^ f/m.; mi§ext! £.; (from
winter to summer pasture) revend jj asoj 222.
milch cow do§an! f.
**
mild nerm ^jaj
mildew k’efik £; zeng Jjoj £
mildness rhnermi £; nermi ^jAi f.
• • M
milieu nav II cib f/m.
militant (warrior) §ervan jlijAj: m.
militia mills Lr Ju^ m.
milk §!r I ^ m.
to milk dotin vt.
milk products qat’ix U» m.
milk-pail mencelok .^Ja^a^ £
milkmaid: (for sheep) berivan £
milkweed tali§k JbJb £
Milky Way Riya Kadiz jjITLoj £
mill a§ <j:L p m.\ (hand ~) destar jU-.oj m.
mill-hand kera§ jil jaT m.
miller a§van jla-sll m.; kera§ m.
millet herzin jjj aa 222.; garis 222.; gilgil J&f 222.;
tale aJLL -Indian ~ xirovl £
millstone bera§ (ji)jAj m deng II Jjoj 222.
mina: (maund) min II £
minaret minare ojL-v £
to mince: (chop finely) hincinln q~~*^a vt.; hhr
kirin vt.
mincemeat: -to make m. out of b§ ser h ber kirin
Qjf JA vt.
mind bal II JL £; zen I qjJ £
mine: (mineral mine) kan ^jlT£; (land mine) leqem
asaJ £; tepink
minister (Protestant) qe§e a^aS 222.; (government~)
wezlr ^joj 222.; §alyar jUU 222.
ministry (government ~) wezaret £; wezlri
§alyar! ^jLJU f.
minority k§mani ^Lir £; hindikahi
minstrel dengbSj jlJooj 222.; (Gypsy musician) mirt’ib
222.
minstrelsy dengbSj! /.
M
mint pting £
minute (n.): (60 seconds) deqe Ai'oj/deqlqe a&Joj £;
hUrdem ^^^ a /,
minute (adj.): hur I
minuteness hhrayl ^k^A £
miracle ’ecdb «^>a& £
m ++ •
mirage leylan q^jaJ £
mire: (mud) fieri ^as. £
»»
mirror: n§nik I *<Lls £; 'eynik dL,A& £; qoti I £;
hell cr 4 A £; (large ~) 'eyne A^j AP £
mischievous nesekini ^^Ta^a;; §hm
miserable: (wretched, poor) belengaz jld<J aj;
malxirab V 1 ; miskin ; reben I jAjoj
; p’eri§an jLkjAj; p’eptik I J^aj; §erpeze
oJajjaJ;; s§fll sergerdan qIjja^a^ ; h6slr I
222.; (distressed) bikul stuxwar
miserliness gikhsi £; rijdi tima Lj /.
• # ••
miserly giktis Lr _ 3 ^ r I girhk ; qesis^-^As; rijd
devbe§ ^ aJ'oj; tima Lj
misery: (wretchedness) belengaz! ^jISaIaj
a*
p’eri§ani ^Lojaj £; §erpezeyi ^oJa;ja^ s§fili
•• ••
£; stuxwar! £
•• * ■
misfortune bela I ^aj; bextre§! ^o^jo-aj
malxirab! b@t’ar jLIj 222 .;
beyom! ec ^ -4^^ £; qeda Ijas
£./m.\ qez!ya LoJas oy!n
t’e§qele aJa<u:a3- /.
mishap qeziya LoJaS £; oyin f.
to mislead dagerandin ^ajIjaSIj vt.; di serda birin
vt.
tomisplaceberza kirin j vt.\ winda
kirin v£
Miss (unmarried woman) xatfln ^y'U» £
to miss: (long for, be homesick) beriya fk-1 kirin
... L_4>vf.; bira fk-e kirin .. l^o vt.; ji
fk-f xerib bhn ^oujAi j* vi.; m§la fk-t/ft-i
kirin /k 5 i§andin vt.; (to arrive
too late for) ji ... man 444 j vi.; xer!ba fk-1
kirin ... Lo.jAd. vt.
missing (whereabouts unknown) berza Ijjaj; winda
1 jj 3 ; (lacking, deficient) k@m I
mist mij m./£.\ ddman moran jl ^4 f.;
kirove a^T £.; xumam £
mistake: (error) xelet oaJaS f./m.; §a§! £; gewtl
^jad;. £; qushr £
to mistake (stg. for stg. else) fiesibandin qX>L^^ vt.;
§ibandin vt.
mistaken xelet oaJa^.; -to be ~ §a§ bUn vi.
Mister bir§z r§zdar II ; (title of respect)
cenab <Jjas. 222 !
783
M
to mix tekil kirin vi.; li hev xistin
£y vi.; (mix dry with water)
pi§aftin (j-Xilio Vt.
to mix up (confuse) t’evlihev kirin pj* vt.; li
hev xistin vt ; t§kil kirin c j^J£j vt.
mixed up (confused) t’evlihev t’Skil JCj; -to
get all ~ k’etin nava hev *Jaa bb ^*T vi.
mixing (n.) t’ekili C5 1 Cj f
mixture t’ekili c JSZj f.
••
moan axin int’in nalenal Jb<Jb
/.; nalin C j-Jb /.
to moan i i t’in vi.; nalin q*. Jb vi.
moaning axin int’in nalenal JbJb
/.; nalin C j-Jb /.
mob (crowd) qerebalix ^Jb*j<u t’op I v jp- /.
moccasin (primitive goatskin slipper) re§ik II f.
to mock (tease) me’na fk-e gerin ... vi.
mockery finaz jbi m./f.; te’n ^<*3 f./m.; tewz j 3 <ju
tinaz jb -j m.
mode (of verb) rawe o 3 \j t’eher m.
model nimtine Aj 223 «
modern nujen Qoj^p; hemdem
modifier (adjective) rengder ^3 jJ5oj /.
mohair merez II j a j jfl
moist ter j<0'
to moisten §il kirin Jj;vt.
moisture xunav bb^-i /.; §ili f.
molar (tooth) azu ^jb f./m.; diranen
k’ursi Ijj pi.
molasses: see grape molasses
mold (form, bar) qalib c-Jb' m.; (mildew) zeng Jj 0 j f.
moldy k’efiki
M
mole: (spy) sixur m.
molehill: -to make a mountain out of a ~ me§ kirine
gam§§ jzJf vt.
mom day§ *>b f.
•• ^
moment bistek deqe <u'oj f.; gav «Jtf
le’z II /.; qeder I m./f.; -at that very m.
Keniz _>j ^
mommy daye £jb /.; inik f.
■ *
monarch Kakim m.; p’ad§a Ujb m.; qiral J1 j
m.; silt’an ^LL, m.
monarchy ork’e oS'jp f.
monastery d§r ^b f.
Monday Du§em f.
money p’ere I oj<u pl./m.; dirav J)jj f./m.
money changer diravguhSr jj> m.
mongrel pig m.
monitor sexb@r m.&f.
* •• •
monk reben II m.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
monkey meymun f.
monster hdt m.; kafir
month meh f.; heyv C-flJi AJb f.
monument heyk’el J*£ m./f
to moo barin II ^jb vi.; borin I {yj&vi.; orin
vi.
mood be§er I f.; (bad ~) miruz m.; (of
verb) rawe o 3 \j t’eher jaaaj m.
moon hiv <jLj&/heyv <Jbjaa f.
moonlight tavehiv uLaaSIj hiveron Q$j*JLpt> f.
moonshine tavehiv /.; hiveron jLa f.
morals exlaq 5 m.; singi
more betir ; pitir p’irtir pi
zede [tir jj]oAjj; he , y &
ze’ftir P <—ipo j;
moreover serda \ J j
morning sibe f; de’ne sibe (early ~)
sere sibe m.; spede f-
morning star: (Venus) karwankuj Qurix
f.
morose: mirtiz
; -to be ~ me’d§ xwe kirin
Vt •
morsel pari ^jb in.; p’erge j m./f
mortal (deadly) xedar
mortar coni I m./f.
99
Moslem misilman /bisilman m.&f
mosque mizgeft f.
mosquito pe§i II m.; k’erm§§ { jp r * J *S'f; vizik
JJ f
moss (Musci) k’evz f.
most: (majority) p’irani f.; gelemperi
mm • •
/.; (the superlative of adjs.) here I oj aj* ; t’ewri
^< 0 -; -tirin pp^i...; ji hemd [x]-tir j
moth belantik firfirok j
p’irp’irok p’erwane «\3 f.
mother d§ I inik JjlLf.; (of animals) mak JL
(woman in childbed) zestan f.
mother tongue zimane zikmaki C /U5j ^Lj m.
motherhood deti ^j f.
99
mother-in-law xesb f.
motion bizav d>)p /.; Kej I /.; lebat I obJ /•;
qelq -to set in ~ livandin jjjUJ vt.
motive me’na f.
mould k’ef k’efik JjoS* f.
mound gir II J?m.; bani Il^yb m./f.; diyar II jLj j
m.
to mount: serk’etin vi.; (ascend, climb
stairs) hilk’i§in vi; (ride, a horse) li
...siwar btin *** J vi.; (cause to ride) li
...siwar kirin pj' J vi.
784
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
mountain g’iya m .; mil 0 L 772 .; (adj.) k’uvi
-to make a ~ out of a molehill m§§ kirine game§
Lo vt.
mountain dweller g’iyayi m.&f.
* •
mountain goat pezk’hvi ^y^i jaj 772 .
mountain range xilxile aL* 15 . m.
mountain ridge xilxile AJUdi. m.
mountain slope §ax f./m.
mountaineer g’iyayi m.&f.
• •
mountainside p’al JL f./m .; qunt’ar jluy* /.
mountaintop(s) gaz H b§lan 3 jlf pi.; kumt
m.; gopk Jujf 772 .//.; Keg’ ^a^ ni.; kop f./m.;
k’umik 772 .
to mourn (the dead) lorin vi.; lfibandin
vt.; §in kirin vt; zemar kirin qJ* jLZj
vt.; re§ gir§dan vt.; re§ wergirtin
mournful xemgin ^JLa^. ; t’efekiiri ^j^Tasaj ; -to
make ~ t’efekuri kirin ^^*3*3 vt.
• •
mourning: §in I Qp Z; zemar jUj /.; -in mourning
behidar jIaj 6 aj
mouse mi§k Jju* m.
moustache simb§l f./m./pi.
mouth dev <J<o m.
mouthful pari m.
• •
move: (in a game) dest oj m.
to move: (vi.) (to budge, stir) livin I ^iJ vi.\
leqin ^.JjaJ vi.; lipitin vi.; ji ci Kejin
^ jvi.; (be on the move) dagerin 1 j
• •
vi.; qedimin vi.; (vt.) (cause to budge)
livandin ^jjUJ vt.; leqandin jjjU'AJ vt.; ji ci
leqandin ^jjUaJ ^ j vt.; lipitandin
• •
vt.; (pull, yank, as a rope) teqil l§dan
jljjJ JjlAj vt.
to move forward (advance) pe§da ghyin vl -
movement bizav <J!> j /; Eej I Ja^ /.; lebat I oLaJ Z;
lipat oLI /; qelq jJas /.; t’evdan ^Iasaj Z;
(political ~) t’evger jaJSa; Z
to mow ginin vt.; dirfttin vZ; das
kirin vt.
Mrs. xanim iZ
Ms. xanim Z; xatfin Z
much gelek JaJaT; p’ir II _y; ze’f <Jt*o j; z§de oajJ
mucus: (snot) g’ilka poz Z; gilm 772.; fi§
^ 772.; kilmi§ m./f; lik ciLJ Z
mud fieri ^ja^ Z; qur p Z; teqin ^'aJ Z; (dirty ~)
hg Vi
muddy r§vin (of water) §£lo
mulberry t’fi Ijp Z
mulct: (fine) cerime Z; cirm Z
M
mule exte a^.a 5 772.; hestir II 777./Z; qant’ir
772 ./Z
to mull over (ponder) nijandin fi herifandin
jAA j vt.
mullah mela m.
multilateral p’irali
««
multitude: (crowd) gel JaT772.
mung bean: ( Phaseolus aureus ) ma§ Z
murder mSrkuji f.
••
murderer merkuj 772.; xwini m.&f.;
ruhistin m.;
to murmur (of water) §irin II vi.; §ir§irandin
vi.
murmuring (of water) gujeguj Z; §irin II
Z; xulexul J^aJ^ Z
murrain (plague of domestic animals) qotik II
Jjp f.
muscle: (of forearms and shins): zeblek ^JaLoJ Z
mushroom kari I Z; karkevik ; kiyark
J jLf Z; kufkarik JjlS^ Z; k’umik m.;
gidark J j) aT
music musiki L 5 S^^ 3 _ < , Z.
musician: (nomadic, Gypsy) begzade 0 j)j/aj 772.;
mirt’ib m.; qeregi ^ojas 772.; sazbend
• »
Jo AjjLv 772 .
Muslim misilman /bisilman jULo m.&f.;
(Yezidi term) Huseyni ^ a-^ 772 .;
muslin: (fine ~) garik JjU Z/772.
must (n.) (unfermented wine) §ir£z f.
[to] must gerek J oj aT + subj.; pewist o^Ij + subj.;
lazim pjY + subj.;viyan jlJ vZ + subj.
mute lal I JY;
muteness lal! I J'i f.
• •
mutilated (maimed) seqet
muttering miremir ^o^ f.
muzzle (of gun) lfile aJ^ Z.
my min q.*
my dear qurban Z
myopia (nearsightedness) §evkori Z
••
myopic (nearsighted) §evkor jpsoJi
myrtle mord f.
myself xwe
■
785
N
to nag me’na fk-e gerin qj j of Lpa^ vi.; sere fk-I
xwarin qj)^ vf.
nail: (metal fastener) bizmar jL>* m.; mix m.; (at
tip of oxgoad) zixt co-j £; (finger-) neynuk
£; dirnax £bjj m.
nail nolish sibxa ninoka I
f.
naive xe§im dilsaf oUJj ; nezan ;
cahil JjfcU /cili§lj.l» ; na§i ^b; sawlike
■■
aSJjjL; xam pU.; xizan
naivete xamti /.; xe§imi £
■ • • •
naked riit c^j; tazi I ^jb; §ilf tazl ^boib
«• ••
nakedness riltayi /; tazlti .jqjb f
namaz: (Islamic prayer ritual) nimej jloJ £/limej
£
name nav I d»b m.
to name danin vt.\ nav [le]kirin of [/J] ob vt.
namesake ber§i ^ja* m.&f.
••
nanny goat bizin ^ f; ( 1 - 3 -year-old female goat)
tu§tir^x%j f.
nap: -to take a nap g’avSt xwe germ kirin
of pj^<^ 4 % vt -> P’onijin qjlW* vi.
to nap g’avet xwe germ kirin b^pj*^^ obi'U- vt.;
p’onijin vi.
nape (of neck) stti m.\ stukur jf^ £\ p 5 ate I a?L
£; pa§stu t L m.
narcissus ndrgiz f/j f.
narrative serhatl Aja~ f.\ g’lrok Jj^.^ £; Kekyat
oLTad. givanok JjplLo. f.; qelibotk JjJ^Jas
qirwelk pL; neqil Jsa3 f.\ riwayet oajIjj
f
narrow: teng I Jj( cramped, crowded) berteng
Jj J<K>
narrowness tengavi f.
••
nation: (a people) gel J *S m.; net’ewe 03 AJ Aj f./m.;
ni§timan f.; milet o>aL> m.\ xelq m.\
(country) dewlet oaJ 3 oj f.
national neteweyl ^ojajaJ
•*
nationalism neteweperestl c j^o j ajo 3 ooo 6 f
•«
nationalist (n.) neteweperest o^ojajosaJaJ m.&f
nationalistic neteweperest oj ajo^ aj a3
nationality net’eweyeti ^ajojaJaj f.
*•
native bineci m.; binell ^a^j m.; xwecihl
•« «•
Ls ^o 3 s. m.; (adj.) zikmakl ^/USj
M M
native land war j\ 3 m.
native place war f m.
natural xwezayi ja*£; zikmakl ^/USj
•• ••
nature t’ebl'et oa*^a3' f./m.; xweza tjo^i £; siru§t
043^ £/m.
naughty nesekinl §fim
nauseous: -to be - xelin qJap vi.; vere§in ^-Jjojas
vi.;
-to make ~ vere§andin vf.
navel navik Jib f./m.; nav II ob f./m.
navy (fleet of ships) stol f
near nezik JL>2b; (next to) teni§ta Lsjaj
nearly: (almost) teye bigota bjSu
nearness (closeness, proximity) nezikayl
nearsighted §evkor
nearsightedness §evkorl f.
neat: (tidy) p 5 ak Jb; p’aqij ^b; t’emiz ; (chic,
smart) ke§xe
necessary lazim ^ ; gerek Jop§wist 0^3-^J 9
pedivi; fer II j^; -to be ~ viyan JUi vt. + subj.
necessity Hewce m.\ lazimayl f;
mecbUrl
f.
(5 <*-•
neck stu m.
necklace: t’oq jjp m.; (gold or silver neckchain) benl
II ^aj m.
#•
nectarine teraqi ja 3' f.
• •
need fiewce a^a> m.
to need bewc§ ft-t biin £^3*^ vi.; viyan qU
«•
vt. [+ obi. prn.J
needle derzl ^Jjoj f.; (hypodermic) §irlnqe ajlo^ f;
(knitting ~) pij I ^ m.\ (pack[ing] ~) §iijin q f-
needy muhtac ; zelul J^Joj
neglect xemsari ^L^Ai f.
■■
to neglect av§tin pi§t guh stjf oJxj vt.
neglected beradayi ^IjIjaj
••
neglectful xemsar jL^ad-
neglectfulness xemsari ^L^ad- f.
«■
negligence t’exsir f; xemsari ^ gj /!
negligent: xemsar jL^aS-; -to be ~ t’exsir kirin
6 - f
7 86
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
N
to negotiate dan ft standin vt.
negotiations danftstandin f.
Negro re§ j; 'ereb v o m.&f
neighbor cinar /ciran m.&f.
neighborhood miliel f; t’ax £b f.
neighborliness cinari f.
mm
neither ... nor ne ... ne ...
nephew: (brother’s son) brazi m.; t’orin II jjp-
m.; (sister's son) xwarzi ^jV^. m.; egan jtfij
• »
m.&f ; (husband's brother's son) t’iza \±j m.
nerve: Teh &oj f.\ temar jL< 0 ‘ (central - of leaf) bisti
*
f.; -not to get up the ~ to do stg. q£mi§
mm
nekirin vt.; -to have the ~ to do stg. rft
girtin _yj vt.
nest h@lin f.\ (den, lair) lan p f.
Nestorian (Christian minority of Kurdistan) file
m.&f ; mexin m.
^ •«
net for I p f./m.; merat olj*-. f.
nettle gezgezok Jp *Sj*f f.
nettle rash: (urticaria, hives) lftr P f.
neutral alinegir uJb c
never t’ucar ; t’u gax ^U. t’u wext
nevertheless digel ve hinde ; li ser
hindg ra 1 j«u J
«•
new nft^; t’aze ojb; ter p
New Year's Day sersal JLj^ f.
newness nuhi f.
• •
news: (news item) berat’e a^)jao f.\ cab V U» f.\ deng
ft bas f; ’elamet f.; nuge <0^ f.;
xeber f./m.; salix ^)L m.; peyam pb*j
f./m.; hay I a f./m.; (good ~) mizgini f
M “
news writer peyamhinSr m.&f.
newspaper rojname <^bjgj f.
newt xecxecok m.
next din I jj; (last) pa§in (j^b
next day: -on the " Tojtir jrp
next to teni§ta
next world (the hereafter) pi§tdawi L ^\^p : f.; axret
oo f
to nibble at kurisandin I vt.; kotin pp vt.;
vegevizandin vt.
nice xwe§ ; ke§xe a3*zP; (person) miskin
; (charming, handsome) k’ele§ III JiaJa?
niece: (brother’s daughter) brazi jj f; (sister's
daughter) xwarzi pjp f \ §gan m.&f;
(husband's brother's daughter) t’iza 1_>-J f
night §ev I f.
f.; axret
night feeding (of animals) §evin qJa£ f.
night grazing (of animals) §evin f-> palin qJU f.
night-blind §evkor p jaJi
night-blindness §evkori f.
nightingale bilbil I J-Jj f./m.
nimble gust
nine neh aaj
nine hundred nehsed
nineteen nozdeh Aojjp
ninety not ojp
ninth (adj.) neba Ia*j; (n.): (1/9) neh§k JptAj f.
nipple g’ig’ik m./f.
nit (louse larva) ri§k JiZj f.
w
niter §ore o p f
no na Li; nex@r
•«
no (adj. = not any) t’u II ^
no longer nema L*j
no more nema L«u
no one k’es ^a? m. [+ neg.]
noble ciwamer ; (adj.) k’ubar jlp ; maqftl
J^jL ; t’orin II
nobleman begzade m.; cindi m.; ’eyan
qIa* m.; giregir I J*oJ* pf; t’orin II Qjp m.
nobody k’es ^a? m. [+ neg.]
nodding off (dozing off) nuqrosk pf/f
node: (lump, protuberance) tulK f.
noise: (sound) deng I £oj m.; (loud ~) galegftrt
f.; galigal Jlfllf f.; gurin q+jj/ f; hose
A^pt f.\ k’im-k’imi qajeqaj _jliojU f.;
qalmeqal JljcuJU qareqar jUojli
qerebalix qireqir f; §erqin
(j^jaJ^ f.; (rattling, clanking) §ingin f.
noisy bi hose
nomad k’oger jA^p m.&f
nomadic: -nomadic group obe Ap f.
nomadic way k’ogeri f
non-aligned alinegir ppjls
none t’u II
non-partisan alinegir
nonsense xeber@d berevaji p \jojaj a jjaj a^
mm
noon nivro m./f.; de’n§ nivro
noon meal nan@ nivro m.
mm
noontime nivro m./f; de 5 n@ nivro j
north bakur pL f./m.; mifriq f; §emal f.
north wind §emal f
nose difn m./f; poz I p m.; k’epi f./m.;
firn qP f; b§vil JaIj f.
f; §erqin
^ f.
787
N
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
nosebag cuher m.
nosebleed riskyan qISLj f- : -to have a ~ riskyan
qIS^j vi.
nosering xizSm f\ qerefil J^Jojas f.
nostril bevil j£u £; difn m./t\ firn[ik] [J.]} i;
ximximk f.\ k’epi ^ aT f./m.\ kulfik I
JW \ft
nosy mayteker ja£Sjl»L ; t’ewt’ewe Oj)Aj j Aj
not na- b; ne a;
not any t’u II>>'
not at all qet oa*
notable (n.) maqfil J^L m.
note (footnote) tebini ^f.
mm
notebook deft’er jOoj p’erawi ^Ija j
mm
noteworthy berk’efti j a>
nothing t’uti§t c-ioy; gi ^ [+ neg.]; ti§t m./f. [ +
neg.]
to notice g’av k’etin [+li] <JL. vi.; ‘!§andin
vf.
notification 'elam ^a& m.//.;’elamet oa^ap /.
notwithstanding gir III ; li ser hindS
ra 1 j^A_ijfc j a**J
#•
noun nav I <Jb m.
November Qliriya pa§!n (j^b ; Mijdar /.
novice na§! ^b zn.//.
nucleus kakil JSlTzn./f.
nude rut 03^; tazi I ^jb; §ilf tazi ^bviU
nudity rfltayi ^.b^j £; tazit! ^jb f.
■■ ••
numb: -to be ~ qerimin vi.; simirln vi.
ji serma §ewitin L j vi.\ (of feet or
hands) tevizin qjjsaj vi.
number hejmar jLjaa f.
numeral hejmar jLJaa f.
numerous bo§ II Ji} j
numbness (falling asleep, of hand or foot) teztezink
t^J-O j j Ab f.
nun Teben II f.
nuptials mehir ^aa^. f.\ nikha 1 *Sj f.
nurse: (wetnurse) dayin III f.
to nurse (suckle) mejandin vt.\ (care for)
t’imar kirin jf jL^j vt.
nursing (looking after) miqati £; t’imar jLys f.
*•
nut: (walnut) gflz f.
nut meat (nucleus) kakil J m./f.
nuts: (testicles) gun m.\ bat! ^b m.\ helik
f./m.
nyctalopic (night-blind) §evkor
788
; ssest
o
0 (m.) lo jJ; (f.) 1 § III \ (pi.) gelt I ; (all genders
•• M
& numbers) ya I L
oak: mazi f.; ’(evergreen ", holm ~) benav f.;
• •
(Lebanon ~) dindar II J jjjj f.
oar ber .L> f.
•« •
oath sond f.; qesem m.; 'ehd aaa* m./f.
oba obe *dP /.
obese: (fat) qelew Jt J^
obesity qelewi /.
to obey 1 § guh dan jlj vt.; gora fk-e kirin
oJ '... Y J3? vt.
object e§ya Li*? 222.
to object: (register disapproval) dey kirin C y / T vt.;
[li] ber ft-T rabun , m j«v J vi,;
objects (equipment, effects) k’el d p’el J*> j J*T
m./f/pi.
obligated pewist
obligation wezife *Jujoj mecbflri
• •
vatini .yjtf £; (gratitude) minet f.\ (religious
• •
duty) ferz f.
obligatory pewist ; -to be ~ viyan jlJ vt. + subj.
obliged negar jL*;; mecbflr ; pewist
-to be obliged (be grateful) minet k’i§andin
jjoUT ocu. vt.
oblique vel J/J
oboe (zurna) zirne *Jjj f
obscure (dark) tarl ^jb
observation: (surveillance) g’avderi ^^ 3 jiU. f)
« •
zerevani /.; nefevani ^
11 • •
*didevani ^yU'aAjJ /*.
to observe (watch) nerin vt.; meze
kirin vt.; fericin vi.; le
t 5 ema§e kirin ajsL aj^J vt.; nefevani 1 §
kirin c^&v^P vt.
observer zerevan jbo m.&f; nerevan jUo^pp m.;
*didevan jUoJuj m.
obstacle asteng Jja^I? Ked ft sed ja-* j ;
t 5 e§qele *J **£*}’ f.
obstinacy serEi§ki j <x^j f; serk’§§i L ^Sj c\ui/ /! j
rik 5 Jj /.
*
obstinate (stubborn) serKi§k serk’e§ I
-to be ~ xezirin ^jJaS vi.
to obstruct p§§iya fk-§ girtin L~~i v t->
1 § birin vt.; relegirtin
obstructing (s’o.'s wav) r§l§eirtin rJ Jib j f
obstruction xilxile aI^L m.
to obtain: (get, acquire) wergirtin qj j?jo 3 vt.; standin
^jjL-, vt.; hasil kirin vt.; bi dest ve
anin 15 aL^aj vt.; bi dest xistin
vt.; p’eyda kirin qJ ?\ajaj vt.
obtuse (dull) kuh %fj (slow-witted) sersar jL j( u
obtuseness sersari ^jLj
• •
obvious a§kere ojaSLL; belu^Aj; diyar jLj; k 5 if§
^iT; 'eyan ^Lap ; xane xuya L 33 .
••
ocean beEr
occasion (special event) helkeftin; minasebet; (chance,
opportunity) delive derfet
fesal JL <X3 f.\ firset kevlE k 5 §s
f.; (grounds, cause) hencet (one
time, one round) neqil Jsou f.
Occident roj-ava UlSJjj /.
occupation ’emal m./f.; mijulahi f.
occupied + with [+ bi...ve] mijtil [+ ^', 44 v ]
occupier dagirker m.
to occupy dagir kirin vt.; zeft
kirin vt.; vegirtin qj vt.;
(to entertain) mijdl kirin vt.
to occur (happen) qewimin >3 <xj vi.; (take place) li
dar k’etin ^aTj)j J vi.; p’ekhatin Jbj vi.
occurrence btlyer serhati Eewal
m.; t’ifaq I jjUi’ /.
October Qhriya pe§in b>>. ; Cotmeh /.
odor bin I f.
oesophagus —> see esophagus
of ji I j
of course helbet o^J^; ji xwe 0^.3
off of (from off of) ji ser
to offend: (curse) g’er [le] kirin c y^T ^ vt.
offended dilmayi ^y.LJ j; -to be ~ xeyidin vi.
offender destdirej Jb.jJo-voj m.&f.
offense: (crime) sEc m./f.; (violation) destdirSji
j JOwO J f.
tl
to offer p 5 e§k 5 e§ kirin vt.
offering: (gift) p’esk’S? JZQ o f.
office: (bureau) nivisxane a 3 /.
official (adj.) resmi (jr o-o J ; ferma Lj«\j
official (n.) (civil servant) me’mEr m.;
k’arbidest oJujlTm.; Tayedar m.&f.
vt.
789
o
offspring zuTet II oojjj /.; d tin dan /.; dol I
Jjj Z; ewled jaJ 3 aj m.; ocax /./in.; -without
b§ dtinde ojj^j £j; b^zuTet ooj^j^j
•• ««
often t’im pj
ogre d§w j m,; htit o^> ni.
oil: (olive oil) zeyt oooj t/m.\ (petroleum) neft oJaj
/; (cooking ~) run q&j m.\ (oil products used in
cooking) tewa§ jiljAi* m.
oily: (of food) givir p*.
ointment melbem ^a^Ja^ Z; derman m.
OKbila[ni]
oka: (unit of weight) Kuqe /
old: (things) kevn ^'aT; kevnare ojUaT ; (people) pir
kal I JIT; mezin (senile, decrepit) herfi
. ^jaa; kaltime a^JI S' m.&f.
old age kali Z; pirayi Z; (of things)
• • • •
kevnay! SaT f
••
old fogey k’eftaT jLsof f./m.
old man ixt’iyar m.\ kal I JIT m.\ kalik I *JUIT
m.\ pir ^ m.\ (village elder) rispi Ls ^.j m.
old woman dapir ^o.b Z; pir Z; pirejin qjo^ v /;
pirik /
older mezin ^j a*; mezintir ^jjja*
older brother kek ^ATm.
oldest (child) nuxuri m.\ serek Joja* m.
oldness kevnayi aT Z
oleander jale aJIj /; rhl /; ziqtim /
oleaster gusinc Z; sine /
olive zeyt’fln ( j s ^ooj Z
olive oil zeyt oooj Z/m.
olive tree dara zeytfine IjIj Z
• •
omelette: hekertin ^jaSIa Z; sewike
h§ka IsIa £^a« m.; (~-like dish) mirtoxe Z
omen 'elamet oa^Va& Z
on li J; ser II J 4*“' > li ser ja-J
on behalf of ji p§§...ve j
on duty nobetdar jIjJajJj
on edge (teeth) kuh a^S"; -to be set ~ sekihin vi.
on one's own serbixwe ; bi xwe
on that side weve[tir ;
on the contrary berevaji
««
on the double Teve-Tev (Jo j A30 j
v »
once carekd ; neqlek JaJU'aJ; wextek§
• •
once again ji nti. ve A^pj
one yek Jaj Z; (of a pair) fer I jas Z; kit o*TZ; t’ek
Ja; Z; (impersonal, e.g., 'one must') meriv *Jja* m.
one another hev Jaa; yek Ja j
one by one yeko-yeko jTaj jTaj
one of a kind taki t’en§ aj
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
[the] one who hergi ^jaa
••
oneness yekiti , j^5a> Z
oneself xwe
Z; (onslaught)
790
onion pivaz jULj Z
only t’ek Ja3 *; t’en§
•«
onset: (start, beginning) destp£k
rik’eb Z
• •• 7
onslaught (charging at) Tik’@b Z,
onto li J
open vekiri vebuyi ^^a* ; (gaping, of wound)
jev Joj
to open (vt.) vekirin vt.; (one's mouth) be§
kirin ( j Jl*> vf.; vegirtin qj vf.; (vi.)
(flowers) bi§kavtin vf.; vebftn q^as vi.
to open up (vi.) (flowers) vebftn vi.
opened vekiri vebuyi ^^jas': -to be ~ vebhn
• • ••
(j^A3 vi.
opening: (aperture) qul I Jp Z; dev Joj m.; qeli§tek
^Ja^J A3 Z; (in ceiling to let in light) k’ulek jJaJ^T
Z; To jin jjgj Z; p’ace a^L Z
operation: (action) kiryar jbp" Z
opinion ditin Z; fikir Z; nezer jojAi Z; ray I
^1 j Z; n§t Z
opponent hevrik ^'aa m.&f.
opportunity delive aaJoj Z; derfet oasj^j Z; fesal
(JL« Aj Z, firset Z; kevlh ^-U'aTZ; k 5 §s Z;
mecal JU.a.« Z; mefer jaja^ Z.
to oppose berhingari fk-e bhn c j 55 j *..^I^lAjaj vi.;
•«
miqabili fk-§/ft-t btin c j 55 j .* 4 C 5 Ij 1 ju vi.; (to
resist) li ber xwe dan jb jaj J vf.
opposed: -to be o. to miqabili fk-e/ft-f
biin vi.
*■
opposing dijber jAjjj; miqabil JaUl. ; p§§ber
opposite berevaji ^jU'oja>; (facing) Taber ja^Ij;
dijber jajJj; miqabil himberi ^.u^a;
•«
p§§ber J
opposition: (resistance) hevriki L5 T>3 'aa Z
•«
to oppress tepeser kirin ^ ja^aj aj vf;
berteng kirin c^a^jaj vt.;
pergiqandin ( jjjUb r jAj vf.;
z§randin vf.
oppression te’dari ^Ij^Aj* Z; k’otek jAj^TZ; gews
pest o~<u pekuti ; xurti /
optative *bilani II
optimism ge§bini ^ ^ off.
4m
optimist ge§bin m.&f
optimistic ge§bin
opus: (work of art) afirandin p[$ Z; berhem
Paa j aj Z; nivisar I Z
or yan I <jl.
o
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
or else (otherwise) nexo
orange (adj.) (color) q!g J ik
orange (n.): (sweet) p’irteqal _^ v £; (sour, bitter)
narinc £; (mandarin ~) laleng! ^aJ^ £
orange juice ava p’irteqala ^ bb £
orbit govek JaJ^T f; ger II f.
orchard: (fruit ~) dehl J f./m.] (wine ~) rez j 0j m.
ordeal (test) §ert m./f.
order: (command) *destflr £; emir I ^>*5 m.;
ferman £.; ferwar II Jjjaj £; Kuk’um
m.; qirar J j m./f \ t’emi ^aj £; (the social ~)
p’ergal I f
to order: (to commission, as clothes from a tailor)
fesilandin Y*** vt.
orderly (n.) (person on duty) nobetdar jIjJajJj m.
organ: (of the body) endam ^IjjAj m.; (of chest cavity)
hinav <Jbm> m.
organization rSkxistin f; dezgeh aa5>j f;
sazgeh aa^jL £
to organize rdkxistin vt
’edilandin vt.] (hold a meeting) li dar
xistin jb J vt.] p’ekanin JLo vt;
organized: -to be ~ p’§khatin dp vi.
orient rojhilat oYfcJgj £; §erq JjaJ: £
orientalist rojhilatnas ^LjYfc&j m.
orientalistics rojhilatnas! ^LjYfcJSj £
orifice qel!§tek £
origin: ’esil m.\ cins m.\ kan ^LT£; (clan,
lineage) icax £; (source) j§der j0 aj.j m.\
(spring of water) kan! I
• •
original xweru.
*
ornament xemil £; (for woman or horse) Text
o^-oj m./f.] (woman's jewels) xi§ir m./f.]
ornate xemil! C5 J-^
orphan: (fatheriess child) @t’!m m.&f] (motherless
child) s§w! (S 3 p. m.&f
#•
orphanage et’imxane f.
orphanhood: (fatherlessness) §t’!m! (L 5 o^o £;
(motherlessness) s§w!t! f
orthography Tastnivis I j £
ossifrage: (lammergeier) dalere§ m.
ostensibly xwed§girav! ; qa§o I
M ««
osteopath cebar II jb**. m.
other din I jj; mayin I
[the] other day v@ p ’@18 ;
[the] other side of ji ...w§ve[tir j
other than ji bill ^ j ; x@nc!
others xelq jJa*. m.
otherwise nexo^iaj
otter sey 6 av§ m.
our me ^
ourselves xwe oy>
out and about bi gund ve aSjj^T v
out of (from) ji I j
*
out of work (unemployed, idle) tol I Jp
outcome daw! f] encam -LyaJ f.
•• I
outcrop: (sharp rock protrusion on a mountain)
gelexte m.
9
outfit espab pi
outing (picnic) seyran q)a-* f.
outlay (expenditure) mesref jo^<u £; xerac g) jaS m.
xerc ^ -j as m./f
outside der II j0 j; derve veder jojas
outside of ji ... der joj,,, j; ji ... p£ve AiY 444 J; ji
... veder joj^} 444 j;
outskirts qirax j f./m.] p’er jaj m./f
outstanding (eminent) serfiraz j)J ja-*
oven kug’ik II J^p'f./m.] tifik Jjis £; ocax
f./m.] (bread ~) t’endur firne aj > /.
over: (above) hindav sere jor jjj; raser
• •
j-u ) j; di ser ... re a j444j <uo; (at s.o.’s house)
bal I Jb; cem ; hinda I ) lale ; li
def J; nik I «ib; rex I ±oy, (finished, past,
done) xelas derbazbtlyi ^^jbjoj; -to be
o. (finshed, done) k’uta biin b^T vi.; qedin
ja 3 vi.; (of pregnancy) serrast btin o-lj
overcoat hewran I m.; qap’ut c^jU f./m.;
qerpal JbjAj' m.
to overcome zeft kirin vt.
to overpower zeft kirin jP'<zJoj vt.] mala cihil
has6 kirin ^Jjb vt.
to overreact me§ kirine game§ {Vt.
overseeing serk’ar! f.
• •
overseer serk’ar m.
to overturn wergerandin jjj) vt.
overturned: -to be ~ qulibin vi.
owing: (in debt) deyndar qerdar j)jja3 ;
owl kund jJ^Tm.; bhm ^ m.; peptik II f.
to own xwedi bun ^oy^vi.
• •
owner xwedi m.; serwer m.] milhk I
Jj&L m.
ownerless b§xwed!
•• «•
ownership xwed!t! f.
•«
ox ga ITm.; box s>p m.; (mountain or wild ~)
gak’dv! m.
• *
oxcart parxel Jli-jb f
oxgoad misas ^1—. f.
791
pace: (step) gav *Jl ft; p§ngav Jl&b f.
to pacify ’edilandin vt.; Kewandin
vt.
pack: (~ of wolves) gel J*f m.; (woman's carried on
back) parzftn ^jjb m.
to pack: (prepare a bundle) p’eg’an jUtb vt.; (stuff,
cram) dewisandin q Aj Lmjo J vt.
to pack up: (a load) dagirtin vt.
pack needle §ftjin qj&Ji f.
pack saddle k’urtan q (wooden ~) p’alik JJb
m.; (camel's ~) fiawid j^U- m.
package p’eg’ek Ja^Ij /.; pi§ti I m./f.
%«
packing needle §ftjin /.
pact peyman jjLjaj 'ehd aaaj; m./f.
paddle: (oar) ber jL» (washing ~) §ftnik m.;
(Ping Pong) tfts m.
page: (of a book, etc.) rftp’el Jaj^j f.\ berper m.
pail: (bucket) dewl I J^co 'elb Xap satil JjL
/; helgin ^JDaa m.; (large) sitil /!; (milk-p.)
mencelok /.
pain: e§ <JZ5 f.\ jan jlj /; §ewat cJ^aa f.; (~ in one's
side) neks ^<0 (headache) sere§ Jiojou,
(sharp ~) te’n f./m.
pains cefa Ua^ in.; derd j j0 j m.; t’ab
paint boyax £-bj_> /!; reng XI oj m. ; derman j m. ,
sibxe
to paint boyax kirin vt.; (depict) §ikil
k’i§andin jAilXJ.Ci vt.; §ikil kirin qJ/ J.SJ&
vt.
painter (artist) wenekar jITaXj Jn.&f.
painting (picture) §ikil JsX m.
pair cot ojp- m.
pal heval JU*aa m.&f.
palace qesr _^as /.; qonax ^bp f./m.; k’ogk f.
palate: (roof of mouth) pidi ^aj alume A^b in.;
• •
panka devi Jso j ISjL /.
pale (adj.) zer I joj; spig’olki \ -to turn ~ reng
qulibin XLj vi.
pale (n.) (stake, rod) qazux ^jb m./f.
pall-mall (game like polo) k 5 a§o m.
pallor zeri III f.
* *
palm: (of hand) geng I Xa^. g’epil Jja». m.; pank
XjL /; hundurd dest Cl *.«v0 X J27.
••
palpable diyar jb j; k’if§ <juf; xan§ ^>U-; xuya b^
■ ■
pampered: (spoiled) beradayi ^IjIjaj
pamphlet: (flyer, circular) belavok jJjSV-u f; nivisk
f.
••
pan (frying pan) t’awe 03 b f; miqilk f; (of
weighing scale) t’a II b m.
pancreas §ilav f
pander qurumsax * 3J3 5 m.
panel: (flap, of skirt) damen ^aJj m.
pants (baggy trousers) §al I JU m.
paper k’axez jaXT f./m.; (cigarette ~) p’el I Jaj m./f;
t’ebax II^-bAj m./f
parable mesel Ja~a^ /.
paradise bihu§t /.; cenet O Aj A^- f.
paralyzed: (in the hand or foot) §eht oa&aj:; §il II JU
parasite k’edxwar jl^-jXin.
parasitic xwinmij ; k’edxwar J^jaS" m.
parasol sitavk X'X- f; siwan <j
/.
parcel (package) p 5 £g’ek (small ~ of land)
le’tik f.
pardon 'efu^AP m./f; leborin (^.^ L J f
to pardon bex§andin vt.; ’efh
kirin qJ' vt.; leborin vt.; 16 xwe§
bun ^ {J vi.
• •
parents de ft bav Jb j pi.
»•
to park (a car) sekinandin jjulXX vt.
parley (deliberation) §ewir /.
parlor heywan I f.
parsimonious gikfts ; girftk rijd jjj
parsimony rijdi f
• •
part: (section) be§ I j f./m.\ bir I m.\ pi§k
*deq joj /!; ker I jX m./keri I in.; §ax
• •
>U f./m.; (portion, share) behr I /.; be§ I
^.[2]; p 5 ar II jb p’ay ^b f./m.; pi§k Jj^ v
• •
(role) rol Jjj f.
to part company ji [hev] qetin aj [JaaIj vi.; ji ...
veqetin A9 A9 ... jVi.
partiality: (predilection, desire) fiewas f
participant be§dar m.&f. ; pi§kdar jIaSX m.
to participate be§dar bftn jIjjcaj vi.; xwe tSkili
kirin c yX L J^ o^S- Vt.
participating be§dar j)jJ:aj; pi§kdar jIaSX
participation be§dari ^ ja;aj f.; pi§ikdari
■ ■
particle hftrik m.; p’irtik Jj^ f./m.
particular t’aybeti ^'Aob
792
1
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
particularly nemaze ojL^; nexasme llaht
Ls *>'% h; bi t’aybetl
partisan (Kurdish “) pe§merge dSj+*j£j m.&f.
partition git I m.; p’erde oJjaj £
partner hevbe§ m.; hevp’ar jLJaa m.;
hevk’ar jls3 *jt> m.&f.
partnership hevk’ari f.
• a
partridge kew 1 3 aZ m./f\ (decoy ~, trained hunting
ribat obj m. or adj.; (female ~) marl f;
mekew 3 a£L* f.\ kewa me ^ ) 3 «Z f.\ (male “)
nerekew 3 oZ> >^Ij m.
partridge hunter kewglrvan jli; jS 3 <Z m.
parturition z§stani f.
«•
party (political) parti jl> f.
pasha p’a§a bl> m.
pass dirb I vj j f
to pass: (vt.) bihurandin j ojI vt.; derbaz
kirin c j_Xjb J aj Ft.; (to hand stg. to s.o.) direj
kirin Ft.; (vi.) bihurtin fj\;
derbaz bun jb J0 j fj. ; (of time) k’etin
oiVe^jp tfdf vi.; qedin ^ j<u vi.; bi ser ve
gdn VJ t
to pass away: (die) gun ber dilovaniya xwede
LjUjJj jcy vi.; wefat kirin j^oboj Ft.
passage bihur m./f.; dirb I vj j /.
passageway bihur m./f
passion e§q e§q tl muhbet k’el
ft §ewatol^^ 3 J«Z; §ewat o>lj A-i £; Kiddet
oojjlo. f; sewda 1 j 3 a~ m.; (predilection, desire,
inclination) fiewas b ts o>- f.
passion play (Shiite) tazlye A^jb f.
passionately bi k’el u §ewat *zA 3 aJi 3 JaTv
P assover (Jewish holiday) cejna §keva IjaS 2 bj'A*. f.
past: (over, finished) derbazbdyi jbjoj
paste: (shoemakers’ & bookbinders' ~) gulik
slrdz f.
to paste zeliqandin jjjUJoj Ft.; p@vekirin q^Ta^o
F t.; pevenan vt.
pastime mijdlahi L5 A > y 93 > f.
pastry: (filled with crushed walnuts) k’ade ojlf f./m.;
(cake-like, mixed with grape syrup) qawTt c~>jb
f./m.
pasturage g’6re m./f; g’Sregeh m./f
pasture g’ere om.(K)/f.\ g’eregeh aaTo^Lx m./f;
(with green lush grass) gerwan jlsjAa. m.; (with
brown, dry grass, in winter and fall) k’oz jjf £;
(reserved for wintertime) pawan II jljb £; qorix
f.\ -summer " zozan jhgj f.; zome A-jj f; -to
take out to pasture g’§randin vt.
p
pastureland: k’oz ti. gerwan 1 (lush ~)
gerwan ^ja^. m.; (dry ~) k’oz f.
patch p’ine a^o m.; p’ate II ajL m.; (melon field)
p’ar§z I_>3jb £\ werz jjo 3 m.
to patch p’ine kirin c y>T a^o vt.
patella (kneecap) sSvsevok f.
patent: (obvious) a§kere 0 J ASbb; belti^
path dirb I vj j f; feg’ II pZj f.\ §ivefe £jAiU f.
patience sebr f./m.; hedan ^Ijaa f.; t’ab f.
patient bi sebr ^^j-to be' sebr kirin qjZ vt.;
tami§ kirin qjZ vt.
patio berbanik cibbjAj m.; bersifk JL *~ja; f;
heywan I aa f; Kew§ f
patriot welatp’arez m >
patrol (watch, guard duty) nobet o<y$3 £
patron pi§tivan qUu^ m.
patronage pi§tivani f.
paucity kemasi /kemayl ^LlT f.
•• ••
pauper p’epuk I m.
pause (break, recess) navbiri f.
to pause (take a break) p’e§kilin j vi.
paw lep f./m.
to paw: (~ the ground) p’ek’ol kirin qjZ vt.
pawing: (~ the ground) p’ek’ol f.
pawn peyak Jb.Aj £; (pledge, deposit) rehin Q-Jtoj f.
to pay: p’ere dan jl j vt.; (' a visit) seradan
Ft.
to pay attention to pdte pe kirin qJ' vt.
to pay back: (to punish s.o.) heqe fk-i da hatin
1 j ,,, jjubvi.
payment xerc m./f; (for services rendered)
heqyat o>L f.
pea polik II JJjj/lopik ciLjJ pi.; lowtik £;
keli f; gilol II Jji f f; (wild “, vetch) §olik
JJ ^ m./f.
peace a§ti C5 ^l5 f; (tranquility) Telietl £
•• •*
peace of mind di§liq f.
peaceful riHet o^j; hesa L 4 ^; tena I bcu
peace-loving a§tixwaz
peach xox f.
peak: gaz u belan 3 jlf pf; kumt m.; gopk
m./f; lieg’ ^-^ 3 . m.; kop ^jZ f./m.; k’umik
JL* l3 Zm.; semt m.; (tall, pointy mountain -)
gel II Ja3 . m.
pear herme f; kargin (j^JZ f; types of pear
• •
include: alisork J JlS fiezlrani
kirosik y 3j Zm.; §ekok /.; §itd /.
pearl cewahir m./f; duT j 3 j> f; mircan
£
7 93
p
peas —> see pea
peasant cot’k’ar jlSu^a. m.; gund! £ m.
pebble bixdr JJ& iu m.; xlg’ik m.; zuxr m.
pedagogue lele aJaJ m.
peddler: (itinerant ~) gergi m.; 'etar jb'A* m.
mm
pedestrian peya I L aj m.
pedlar: (itinerant ~) gergi m.; ’etar Js** m.
••
peel: (shell, rind) qalik JJ\s f./m.; qa§il Jjtlif m./f;
qelp II «_Jas m.; ttvil JLLj m./f; (baker's p., for
getting cakes out of hot oven) hesttf f.
to peel qalik kirin vt.; spi kirin qjS' Lsr . vt.;
ji qelp kirin jvt.; tivil kirin jjTJ.&j
vt.
peer (one's equal) hevbe§ m.; hevp’ar jIJaa
m.
peerless behempa
pellets (BB pellets, buckshot) sagme f.
pelt (skin, hide) kevil Jj'*T f./m; pist m.
pen: (ink pen) qelem j-aJaS f./m.; (enclosure for
domestic animals) k’ox^Tm.; (livestock corral)
axil m.; (sty) axur m./f.; (in which ewes
lamb) dolge ai3jp f.; lef UlJ f.; (open air, for sheep
& goats) guher f; k’oz f.\ mexel Ja^a..
f./m.; Kew§ f.
penalty: (fine) certme /; cirm ^ f.
penchant [for] xiret f.
pencil qelemzir§g ^><0^ f.
penis ktr m.; terik II Jjat m.; xir I m.; helik
JJljb f./m.; qami§ jp^b m.; (baby boy's ~)
g’fig’ik I cJ-^33^- m.
penitent p 5 o§man jLp^/pe§iman pL^iAj; t’obekar
Jf+gs
penniless (broke) Tilt c^j
penny qurd§ m.
people: xelq ^as m.; (folk, nation) gel J *f m.;
net’ewe ojaj Ai f./m.; milet o>a1* m.\ (~ of Islam)
omet oA^jb f.
pepper biber ja^u £; isot f; guncik ;
KigKar jL»». m./f.;
♦
back ciiUL m.;
m ■ ♦
m
(spice) dermane germ pjai^Ljoj m.
to perceive Kesin vi.; ditin qzjj vt.; seh
kirin aa~ vt.;
‘i§andin qju\ju*s. vt.
percent selef ^aJa-* m.
perch Its ^J m.
to perch: (alight, of birds) dantn j vt.;
dadan vt.; veni§tin vi.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
perdition (loss) t’elef «JaJ aj f; (extinction) neman qL *j
f.
perfect (adj.) t’ekftz j
perfidy bdbextt f.; xiyanet o<uL ± f.
••
perforated qul I Jy>
to perform (carry out) me§andin jjjL ja« vf.; bi r@ ve
birin ^ vt.; (p. an evil deed) gilly§ net’S
kirin ^ vt.
«■ • •
perfume seller ’etar jb'A* m.
perhaps belkl ^aj; gediblt ; qemt ^as
•• ■■
pericardium p’erda dil Jj Ijjaj f
peril taltike aS^JLt f.; xeter jaja*. £
perineum (inside of thighs, crotch) navran jl^i'b £/m.
period: (time ~) dem I f./m.; serdem jja-* f;
'esir ^ap £; nlr II _^p m.; (a while) heyam ^Laa
m.; xel Jla. f; (woman's menses) cil Ja. pi.; (8-
hour ~ of the day) dan III j) j m.
periodical (journal) kovar jtijf f.
to perish ne*man vi. neg.
permissible: (legitimate) rewa I Ijoj
permission dest^.r f.; izin q±J f.; r§dan
f.; emir I m.
permit destur f.
to permit redan vt.; destdr dan qIj
izna fk-§ dan , M b±J vt.
permitted: (according to Islam) Helal
perplexed (confused) gej
persecution te’dari f.
perseverance dom I f.
Persian (adj.): farst
Persian (n.): 'ecem m.; faris m.
persistance dom I f.
person insan jLu-b m.; k’es m.\ meriv
zat o)j m.\ nefer f./m.; k’abra ) vlT m.;
vt.;
m.;
peya I Laj m.
personage zat o)j m.
personality kesanett aT/.; §exslyet f
perspicacity fereset o^ojAi f.
perspiration xfidan f
to perspire xfidan p) vi.
to persuade eqin kirin vf./yeqln kirin
Qjf'o+P+i
persuaded qani c
pertinent bici Ls ^>; di cihe xwe da 1 j j
•• . ••
pertussis: (whooping cough) xendxendok
f.
peshmerga p6§merge m.&f.
pessimism re§bln! f.
mm
pessimist re§bin m.&f.
794
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
pessimistic re§bin j
to pester sere fk-i xwarin vt.
pestilence qotik II Jjp f; peji ^oo "m./f.; weba bo*
pestle desteconi m .; m£k’ut m.
• «
to pet (caress, fondle) miz dan j! vt.; perixandin
^AjU-jA; vf.
petition ‘arize oJmjU f ;
petroleum (oil) neft ^a 3 f
pettiness hllrayi f.
%•
petty (small) hftr I
petty cash hflrik * m.; p’ere hur J3 $a m.
pharynx gewri ^aT f ; Kefik f.
••
phase qonax -kp f./m.
phlegm belxem ^aJ f; lik dJ f;
phony gelac ^VaT m.
photograph w£ne f; Tesim p,oj m./f.) sfiret
oom.; §ikil J.Ci m.
to photograph w£ne girtin ^ J* a^j vt.) §ikil
k’i§andin J$ls vf.; §ikil kirin JC-i
vf.;resim k’i§andin jjoLxT p-voj vf.
photographer w£nek’£§ u ^iT«uj 3 m.&f.
phrase lewxet oap 3 aJ f
physician biji§k d-iujj m.&f.; duxtor m.&f.;
Kek’im ^a^ m.; nojdar Jjjgj m.
piastre: -five piaster coin gerxi ^
pick (-pickaxe) k’uling JjJ l^fm.; tevir _^'aj m./f.
to pick: (choose) bijartin I ^jljj vf.; j£girtin (y Jffej
••
vt.; (pluck: flowers, fruit) ginin (j^r vt.;
to pick a fight with berhingari fk-e
btin vf; me’na
fk-$ gerin ,,, Lpa* vi.
to pick on (bully) me’na fk-e gerin ^.jaT... vi.
to pick up: (to remove) Tahi§tin I j vf. [+ dat.
constr.]; rakirin qJ\j vt.) hilanin Ja]
vf.; hildan jljJjfc vf.; (to raise, lift) hevraz kirin
jl.^3 aa vf.; hilgirtin qjJZIa vf.; (a person, in
one's arms) hilbirin vf.; hilgaftin
vf.
pickaxe k’uling iJ/ffi.; tevir m./f
to pickle k’esidandin vf.; vegirtin
vt.
pickpocket p’Sxwas m.
picky t’orin II jjjp
pickup truck piqab v liu> f
picnic seyran (J\ f; (held at sheikh's tomb) zew^jj
f
picture w£ne a^ 3 f ; resim m./f.) stiret oo^
m.; sifet o ajLm< m.; §ikil JCs m.
picture taker (photographer) w§nek’£§ {jZf+Xj
p
piebald belek I JaJaj
piece ker I jaT m./keri I ^jaT m.\ p’ar II jb f ; pari
/n.; p’erge a^jaj m./f; §eq jjA^ m./f; telf§ I
/n.; (small ") gepek Jaj aT f; (large “) loq I
m./f
piecemeal berebere Oj
to pierce qul kirin vf.; simtin vf.
piercing (of sound) ziz I jjj
pig beraz jIjaj m.; domiz >»p; weH§ /.;
xinzir f.//n.; (female sow) mahd U /.
pigeon kevok J^'aT /.
pigheaded (stubborn): -to be ~ xezirin vi.
piglet kddik f./m.
pike: (lance) ni§tir m./f.
pile: (heap) kug 5 m./q^g’ f.; lod /./m.;
k’om II pjT (of stones) §k£r JSjl f./m.; xilxile
Aiidi. m.; (spike, stake) sing I X- /n.
to pile up nijandin jAitjj vf.
to pilfer dizin vf.
pilgrimage: ziyaret oojloj f./m.; (~ to Mecca, hadj)
Kec f
pill Keb ua> f./m.
pillage t’alan £$<5 m./f.
to pillage t’alan kirin vt.
pillar (column) stiin c j 5 ^ f; (for propping up
crossbeam in village houses) kutek m.
pillow balgih aQ L m. [E[/f [W[\ balif ^aJL m.
pilot balafirvan m.
pimp qurumsax m.; qebrax ^1 m.
pimple pizik f ; zipik <-Lj f
pin [connecting the beam to the body of a plow] xep
i_; f
>«
*
pin cushion derzidank JjIjuJjoj f
pinch (of salt) loq I f; (tweak) nuqug /;
quncirik f
pine (tree) kac >-lTf
to pine for (to long for) m@la fk-t/ft-t kirin
/k’i§andin !qJ' ... ^ vf.
pine branch k’ajHk IT
pinecone deq joj f
pink pivaz!
pinkie qilig’k f; t’iliya g’tik Uj
pip: (fruit pit) dendik -JaJoj f ; sfsik I **L ^ /
pipe qelun a 5 f; (tube) lUle aJ^J f; §iv /;
(clay water conduit) solin I f.
piper bildrvan jU JJ3 1 j m.
piping hot sinciri
Pisces masi m./f
piss (urine) miz /.
795
to piss mistin vt.
pistachio fistiq f; p’iste ai«j f
pistol debange APciboJ f. ; gardexwar jV^ioJjL. f.
pit: (well) bir II f; (hole) g’al II JL. f .; goncal
JUw iff.; k’ort o f; (fruit stone) dendik
£.; sisik I f.
••
pitch (tar) qir I f.
to pitch (a tent) vedan jljAj vt.; vegirtin qX vt.
pitcher: (ewer: brass or copper ~) misin m.
pitchfork mileb /; tebhr ± ; (2-pronged)
kunore m.; (3-pronged) seguh I m.\
(wooden) k’arec ^SjlT f.
pitiful Teben I q^oj ; miskin ; xwel! li ser
j 05^
Q M
pitiless berehm
pitter-patter (of rain) gujeguj £
pity dilrehmi f; gune II < 0 £m.\ Keyf obA
f; -to feel pity for s.o. Keyfa fk-t [li[ fk-t hatin
U» as. vj\; -What a ~! mixabin
to pity gunehe xwe le anin j^b 0*3. vt.
•• ««
to placate qani £ kirin vt.
place ci ^ 3 . m.; der I /.; dever I ja?oj /.; dews
erdim f ; §un /; mek’an ^ITa.*
i 2 i.; y§r ^ f
to place danin j vt.; tgkirin j^ 52 j vt.
placed dani j
•»
placenta hevalg’tik /./m.; p’izdan /.
plague qotik II /; peji ^aj 222.//.; weba boj,;
(cattle ~) qir II ji f.
plain (adj.): (simple) sade ojL ; (unseasonsed, of food)
rij J 3 ; t’isi ^s; ber^n
»• ••
plain (n.): (flat, warm region) bert II ^cu f; best o-~aj
••
/.; gol Jp> /.; de§t f.\ dtiz /.; pehni II
( _P*a*>o. f; pasar jLb;
• •
plains dweller de§ti j m.&f.
plaintiff §ikyatgi ( jp ILL m.
plait guli I £ f/m.; kezi ^jaT f.
• • • •
to plait hunan jb^* vt.;
plan: qesd j^aj f; (plot) t’evdir oi'Aj/tedbir ^ jaj
to plane: (shave, trim) darotin jJJjl j vt.; verotin
Chjj** vt.
plane tree ginar jL>. f.
plank: (wooden board) dep v oj m./f; t’exte aj^.aj m.
plant (grass) giya L Sm.\ (wild edible ~) p’incar jb^o
272.//; (melon,etc. ~) p’in III ^ 212 .; (factory)
pavlike A&Sb /.
to plant: (seeds) gandin jjjL. vt.; (trees) g’ikandin I
QjjlSl;. vt.; g’ikilandin vt.; dabinartin
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
vt.; (trees, flowers) dag’ikandin
vt.; nig’ikandin jjjlsd«3 vt.
planting gandin jjj U. /.
plaster ces /; gee f.; k’ils /.; sewax
to plaster dtitin vt.; seyandin ^jjb<u vt;
sewax kirin vt.
plate firaq p f./m.; dewri /; teyfik ebb£;
senik {.; (large, flat ") lali II £; s§ni
-v f
(jT^ l -
• •
to plate (coat, gild) tamandin jjjLb vt.
plates aman jLb pL; firaq p f./m.
platform: (raised ~ on roof or in vineyard) herzal
J1 Jja* f./m.
platter (large, flat dish) lalt II f; lengeri ^j^aJ
£; seni f.
99
to play listin vt.; yari kirin qJ? ^b vt.;
99
(musical instrument) ledan jlAlJ vt.; l§xistin
vt.
to play jokes on qerf le kirin qJ' jJojAi' vt.
player listikgi m.
playing card p’erik ^Jjaj f./m.
plaything: (toy) listok /.
plaza meydan jlju, a- f.
pleasant xwe§ Jlo^
pleasantness xwe§i f.
••
pleasantry qerf oja5 f.
to please kefa fk-6 bi/ji bk-t Ta hatin
jP'bfc )j j/ v li^T VJ.
pleased dilxwe§ k’dfxwe§
; razl
pleasure k’ef UlS /.; Hez ja». lezet ooJaJ /; sebr
f./m; t’ab /.; xwe§i f.
pleat qat oU 222 .//; tew^aj - /.
pledge nezir jJa3 /.; (deposit) Tehln j £
to pledge nezir kirin jjaj vt.
Pleiades pevir /.
plenipotentiary me’mur ^ 222 .
plentiful bo§ II
plenty (n.): (abundance) bo§ah! II ^yfcb^j /.
• ■
plenty (adj.): ze’f ^oj ; mi§e ajL«
pliant ter j<*j
plot t’evdir uJ'Ai/tedbir f; (of land) le’tik
.Ja^aJ f; p’erge a^jaj m./f.
plough -> see plow,
ploughman —> see plowman.
plow cot oj> 222 .; halet oaJI* m./f ; k’otan jb^T/.
796
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to plow cot ajotin ^jjboi*. vf./ cot kirin j^Toj i^vt.)
k’elan j'&Tvt.; ‘erd rakirin <jJ]j vt.)
-to p. a field zevi hilkirin Jioj vt.
plow-beam hincar §ftrik m.
plowed field --> see under field,
plowing (n.) §ov <J^ f.
plowman cot’k’ar m.
plowshare gisin m.
pluck (animal viscera) p’izftr J3i yj pl./f.) (courage)
zirav II <J\jj m.
to pluck: (flowers, fruit) ginin vt.\ (feathers)
rftg’ikandin vt.; p’eritandin
Qjjbjoo vf.; qusandin vt.
to plug up xitimandin qX>L^ vt.; pengandin
Aj Vf.
plum: Kilft Ij^-b. f\ Incas f.\ herftg f;
(black ~) Kulire§k m.; §ilor ^Ls /.
plumage p’tirt f; bask J^b m.
plump: (fat) qelew ; k’ok I dp"
plumpness qelewi ^<0^ /!; k’okayi
plunder cerd I /; t’alan jjb 722.//.; extirme
to plunder (rob) §elandin vf.; t’alan kirin
G^‘
plundering (n.) t’alan jjb 721.//;
to plunge: (sink, immerse): (vi.) binav bun (j^Jb^
vi noq bftn ^ vf.; (vt.) binav kirin
6-^ b^; noq kirin ^ vt.; (tbrnst, insert)
g’ikandin I jjjlSb vf.; dag’ikandin (jjjlsbdj vt;
tie§ikandin jjjl vt.
plush (pelouche) qutni m.
pocket berik J.jj«o ceb /.; kftrik f.
pocketknife k’erik d/.
poem hozan I jljjA f.; helbest *^w*J<u* f.; §er II
f.
poet hozanvan jld) jjp* m.; helbestvan aa
m.; §ay!r m.
poetry hozan I jljjA /.; §er II pu f.
point: (dot, spot) xal II JU- f.; deq joj 1 ; niqitk
f.; (pointed tip) nik dp m./f.) nikil JS3 222.; ser I
j<u 222.; serik dj<u* 222.//.; xi§t III m./f.
point of view (opinion) ray I j f.
pointer (index finger) t’iliya ni§an§ £jbp LJj f.
pointless befeyde
poison jehr axil j^b f; (rat ~) mergemft§
jf/m.
Polar star Qurix ^jp /.
pole: qazux 222.//.; (column) stftn /; (metal
fence ~) cax £b. 222.; (straight wooden ~) Tot ojb 222.;
p
(of plow) mijane /; (on plow, connecting
plow beam to yoke) sermijank Jj f.
policeman cendirme 222.
policy rebaz jL Zj f.
polish: (shoe ~) boyax f
to polish biriqandin jjjb^ vf.; g’irftsandin
vf.; hesftn q^^a vf.; teyisandin
jjjLa-o* vf.; (shoes) boyax kirin c yj£bp vf.;
siboq kirin qJ/ vf.;
polite 'edeb I
politeness maqftli f.
political siyasi ^L*, ; ramyari ^jLJj
«« *»
politician siyasetvan 222.
politics siyaset OJ b^M. f.
polled: (hornless) k’ol IV JjT
pollen gerik I AjoS' f.
polluted: -to be ~ lewitin I vt
polo k’a§o _pb"222.
pomegranate hinar jLa f.
pommel (of saddle) qalt’ax >Ub' 222.; qerp’uz j&jjas
m./f
pomp sentenet f.
pond gom II f.; gol f.
to ponder (to think, reflect) hizir kirin jyst vt.)
fikirin vi.; p’onijin vf.; nijandin ft
herifandin 3 vf.; Taman I jb-lj vi.
pondering (thinking) mitale JL£
ponytail: (horse's tail) dehf II
pool: Kewz 222.; (small ~) birk f.; gol Jj^/;
ger III j*f f.; gerik II J j<£ f.) lig gJ /.; (dammed
up J peng II 222.
"pooped” (tired) re c t II
poor: xizan feqir ^9*9 ; jar I j)j; k’eslb
; (flat broke) rftt c ^j) (wretched, miserable)
belengaz jbj<J*o; miskin » p’eri§an
Teben I oj y §erpeze o j 5 s§ffl
sergerdan ; h§sir I 222 .;
xweli li ser 03^ ; zelftl
poor health bedKali ^Ajf.
poplar sipindar qewax *evran
(Euphrates ~) pelk f.
popping: (of bones) girke-girk f./m..;
qirg J e-qirg’ f
population: (inhabitants) §§n! pi. ; xelq 222 .
mrn
population center hey§et /.; §§ni c ySJi f.
••
porcelain (chinaware) ferfftr 222.//.
porch berbanik 222.; bersifk /.
porcupine sixur ^ 3 ^- 222.
797
i
p
iz jjjou fezzp m.; gogte
m.
Vb
porridge a§ ^b m./f.
port: (seaport) bender I jo <o /.
portion: (lot, share) behr I be§ I ^aj f./m.[ 2];
p 5 ar II jL p’ay f./m pi§k JLij pe§k II
««
c\j _/!
v
portrait suret O 0 »
to portray nitirandin I vf.
to pose: (~ as, pretend to be) xwe ciy§ [or dewsa] fk-
e/ft-f danin 444 L^oj/ ^ vf.
m fc
position: (comfortable ~) semt <^*a~ m.; fesal JLaJ f.;
possessor xwedi m.
possibility derfet /; k’es Lr Zf f.; mecal JL.a*
mefer j A3 A-e f.
possible: mimkun; gengaz jISja?; -to be ~ gebiln
G&& vi.
post: (tent stake) gixin m.; sing I XX m.;
qazux j is m./f.; (pillar, column) sttin f.
posterior k’emax ^-LaT /.; qorik Xji /.; qun f.
posterity etba LjaS; war J\ 3 m.
to postpone taloq kirin 05-lb vt.
postponement taloq I o^Jb f.
pot: (container) aman ^Lb m./f ; (for cooking)
qd§xane AiUo^’ qazik JjU /; (large cauldron)
bero§ £>* di§t f./m.; mencel f;
(clay ~) hincan m.; diz 3-0 f.
potassium nitrate §ore f.
potato kartol /; bin c erdk Jjjap^ f-
potter p’irtid m.&f.; qewaf Xja* m.
to pounce on rahi§tin ser j vt.; filitin
vi.
to pound k’utan
to pour r£tin I vt.; rijandin vt.; ro kirin
jj vf.; tekirin vf.; lekirin vt.
to pour into (e.g., tea into glass) t§kirin vi¬
ta pour out vf. : (smoke) k’i§in va¬
pouring: (of rain) gur II
poverty feqiri ^^sas f.; k’esibti /.; p’eri§anl
^Uojaj f.; s&fili ls LJu^ f; xizani f
•• •• » ^
powder: ; (fine ~, dust) t’oz jp gerik I f.
power hez f; qewat cAaj f.\ qudret o
derb ujoj f./m.; dewlet oaJ j0 j /.; §iyan
ten qZs f./m.; (authority) desthilat £'>
Kuk’um in.; emir I ^aj 6 m.; raye I a Aj ;
zordesti f.
powerful xurt ; zexm gumreh
powerless p’arstixwar jl^s^jb; sist ^
powerlessness s§fili XiX £; sisti , f.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
prairie best ca-m-aj f; de§t owioj f ; fast j f; gol Jj^
f; merg XX* f-
praise metfi sJa* f./m.; pesin q^aj m./f; paye I ajL f.
to praise metfi kirin vt.; pesin dan qIj^aj
vt.; (to excess, too much) werimandin (jjuLJ03 vt.
prattle (idle talk, chatter) pitepit CJA^J f
prayer du c a m./f.; lavahi f\ h@vl f\
••
t’eweqe aj^aj f.; (Islamic prayer ritual) nim@j
//limfij /.
prayer beads t’izbi m./f.
to precede (go before) li pe§iya fk-e k’etin
( -JaT* 44 L^ZjJ vi.
.y w
precious binerx bi qimet o Awo^iij
precipice zang Xlj f./m.; zer II J0 j /.; kendal
J) jJaTiu.; §ax f./m.; tat I ob /.
precipitation §ili (L5 ti /
precocious: (in sexual matters, of females) kalvej jlillf
f.
precociousness: (in sexual matters, of females) kalv^ji
precocity: (in sexual matters, of females) kalvdji
/.Y i
predatory bird lori I J f.
••
to predict (the future) reml£ niherin vt ->
p§§bini kirin qJ'
-%Y
44M.
vt.
(S
£L> f.
•• • ••
prediction pe§bini
predilection Kewas f.
preface pe§gotin f-
to prefer bi ser ft-i de girtin qj jf oj 44 * j«u v vf.
pregnant: [of animals) avis ^Jb; [of women) bihemil
J-oa^j; bi hal JU v ; biti§t bizar j)y>;
ducani duhala Nbs^j; giran I J*; Kemle
••
AwLas-; zar II .J j
preoccupation: (worry, concern) 'emal JLap m.//
preoccupied + with [+ bi...ve] mijul [+ a3’ 444 v ]
to preoccupy mijdl kirin Jvt.
preparations k’ardbar jb^jlTm.; t’evdir /; (for
a journey) t’edarik m.
to prepare amade kirin jX ojLb vt.; Eazir kirin
qX jjU vf.; p’6kanin ^ub X vf.; (to make)
dirust kirin c jX vt.; (to cook) l£nan ^UlJ
vt; (meat) he§andin jAibiAA vf.
to prepare oneself k’ar£ xwe kirin ^ vt.
to prepare the way for (facilitate) r§ xwe§ kirin
(S' vi'
prepared (ready) Kazir jjU.; amade ojLb; -to be ~
(made ready) p’§khatin Xo vi.
preposition dagek JXj f.
798
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
present (adj.) (in attendance) hazir jjU; mewcild
present (n.) (gift) diyari £; dayin II ^b £;
xelat f./m.; p’g$k’ 6 § jilSio £; peril 33^ £
to present p 5 e§k 5 e§ kirin vt.; raberi ...
kirin vf.; bex§andin vf.;
■ ♦
pd§xistin vt.
preservation mihafeze £
to preserve: (to keep, preserve) ragirtin qj_J\j vt;
p’arastin jL vt.; mihafeze kirin qP'
vt.; hilanin [(j-JIsJa] vt.; hilgirtin
vt.; (to pickle) k’esidandin vt.; vegirtin
Qj,jS+a vt.
president serok m.\ sedir m.
the press gapemeni £; (printing) ne§ir
f./m.
to press: guva§tin vt; dewisandin
vt.; pergiqandin vf.;*dakirin vL ’
(to iron, of garments) dt 5 i kirin vt.
pressed (desperate) tengav
pressure gews ^3^; pest ^<k> v f; pekuti ^'3^.
• •
to presume t’exmin kirin vt.
to pretend: (~ to be s.o.) xwe ciye [or dewsa] fk-e/ft-
f danin y^b ^ vt.
■ *
pretext h£ncet o^Ia £
pretty bedew 3 <o<u; cindi ciwan ; delal I
J^oj; gurci ^jp\ k’ele§ III spehi
•• ••
xwe§ik ; ke§xe -jus^aT
to prevaricate (tell lies) vir kirin (jbb' vt.
to prevent pd§iya fk-d girtin (pj> ... L~ ~.» vt.; pe§i
16 birin ^ c^c^. vf.; relegirtin ^ vt -'>
■ • ■«
t’efibandin jjjUj^o vt.; berbend
kirin j^T vt; ne«hi§tin vt. neg.
prevention rglggirtin ^
price biha m.; nerx £j<u f./m.; heq j<ub m.
to prick up: (vt.) (one’s ears) guh§ xwe bel kirin
qjSU<\j o$s- vf.; (vi.) rep bdn V°V
pricked up: (animal’s ears) bel J^; mig I
to prickle: (vi.) (be numb, of hands or feet) tevizin
Ot vi.
pride: §anazi f.; serbilindi ^a-lL f; k’ubar
m ^ #♦
jlpT f; paye I <v.L f.; (arrogance) pozbilindi
kJjjjj f; qureti f; serfirazi £;
•« •• ••
(self-respect) xiret £
priest (Christian ~) qe§e m.
primary ’ewii J3
prime minister serekwezir m.
primitive: (uncouth, savage) hov J&a
prince mir I m.; pismir >. m.
p
princess mir I f.; (wife of emir) jinmir f
principality mtrni§ini f.
*•
print gap II V L. f.
to print gap kirin <pjf vt.; ne§ir kirin
vt.
printer gapxane <uUj_L f ; ne§irxane «oli f.
printing gap II V L>. f; ne§ir >^<0 f./m.
printing house gapxane coL^jL. f; ne§irxane
f
priority armanca serpi§ik Jbjj-su, UoLjb £
prison girtigeh a^^j- f ; Kebs £; zindan
f./m.
prisoner girt! m.; dll Jj j m.; h§sir I ^^ 1 a m.
• •
pro (in favor of, supporting [a cause]) meldar jl jJl-
probability mecal f
problem pirsgirek f; mesele f; pirs
f; derd jj<o m.; zede ojoj f; t’egqele
<jJ f
procedure Tebaz jL Zj f.
process pevajo f ; kiryar jb^T f
to procure: (get, acquire, obtain) hasil kirin J-Ia
vt.; bi dest ve anin ^ls vt.; bi dest
xistin vt.; p’eyda kirin (yj*\ aj*j vf.;
(to engage, hire) ragirtin j vt.
procurer qurumsax ^ 3J ^s m.
produce: (crops) dexl u dan m.; deramet
I o^>boj m.; hasil u LIa £
to produce g§ kirin qJ'&t vt.; anin hol§ ^ja
•• ••
vf.
producer derhener ^,<uiAjoj m.
product ber j<k> Vf./m.; berhem f; hasil J-Ia £
production berke§an f
productive: (fertile) bijhn
profession sen c et O; Ajo /!
professor mamosta L^L m.&f.; dersdar
m.&f; seyda 1 m.
professorship mamostayi ^L^eL £
■ ■
profile: -to keep a low ~ xwe dane pa§ jib ^ vf.
profit: (benefit, use) feyde ojo^i £; (advantage, interest)
berjewendi ^jjojojjou £; menfa'et oapU 3 ^u, £;
■ •
x§r il ber ^03 £; (gain) qazanc f./m.
profligate forq m.&f.; qab II V U m.; tol I Jp
m.&f; tolaz Sip m.
profound k’hr III
profundity k’hrayi J3 pf f.
••
progeny zuret II o>oj 3 j £; dhndan £; dol I Jjj
£; war 3)3 m.
program bername £; (agenda) Tojev £
799
p
progress p§§vegfln qs&z+azZj f ; p§§dagtin ( j 35 j>.1
/.; p§§k’etin ^a&Co f.
to progress: (vi.) (develop) pe§k , etin vi.;
werar kirin qJ/ j\jo 3 vt.
progression pevajo f
progressive (politically) pe§verfl ^jai^; pe§k 5 eti
to prohibit qedexe kirin j all vt.; berbend
kirin vf; ne*hi§tin vt. neg.
prohibited qedexe (according to Islam) Keram
pb^
prohibition (religious) herami ^ 1 j f
• •
projection: (stg. sticking out) gene f.
promenade (walk, stroll) seyran jl^>a~ f; seyrange
a53 ] o <u« f
<•
prominent: (well-known [person]) k’if§ ; binav h
deng Jilo; navdar jjjib; serfiraz jl j ;
(bulging) bel Ja^
promise soz m./f. ; 'ehd .uba& m./f \ qise a-J f.;
qirar j )y m./f.;
to promise soz dan jjlj vt.
promontory mil m.
to promote pe§xistin vt.; (make stg. seem
desirable) ber dile fk-1 §irin kirin
Qjf ’ • • • lJ j y t'
prone: (face down) deveru ^jasoj
pronoun cinav m.; pronav f./m.
to pronounce: bi lev kirin j^5balL vt.; xwendin
Q^Jojd* Vt.
proof beige a£l <\J f.
to prop up: (hold up) Tagirtin <y J\j vt.
propagation ne§ir f./m.
propensity mel Jl* f; -to have a p. for mela ft-tTa
hatin ^ybb vi.
proper bici di cihe xwe da b ^9. j;
■» ••
layiq ; dirust
proper name serenav <Jboja~ m.
proper noun serenav Jboja^ m.
properly bi dirusti v ; [bi] p’aki ^ [ v ];
%•
t’emiz >>a
properness layiqi f
mm
property (goods) mal II JL m .; (characteristic) t’ebi'et
aj f./m.
•ft ft
nronhet D’Sxember >a^a~*L> m.
prophet p’Sxember ja^a-*!. m.
prophethood p’§xemberti ^ja^aitL. f.
proposal p@§niyar f
to propose (a task) §ert avetin vt.
proprietor mil-ftk I m.
propriety dirusti f; layiqi f.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
prosecutor: -public - dozger jafgj m.
to prosper §en bun qc& vi.
prosperity §§nahi f; xwe§i ^ o^ f
• ■ at
prosperous ava ISIS; §en malava li^L ; p’i II ^
prostitute qab II v b f; qunek Jaj^ m.
prostitution qabti f
prostrate deverti ^asoj
to protect p’arastin (jjJjb vf.; mihafeze
kirin qJ* ojasl^ vf.; pawandin jjjhjb vf.; xwedi
kirin vf.
protection bergiri f ; mihafeze ojasl^* f.;
• •
pi§tivani f
• a
protector pi§tivan jbL^iu m.; pi§tmSr m.
protruding (erect) bel J<u; girj jj *; qi§t qund
jjjj; Tep
protuberance gene aj ajv /; (lump, node) tulK f.
proud serbilind k’ubar jl^T; qure ojji ;
pozbilind difnbilind serfiraz
j]_> j^; -to be ~ of xwe paye kirin
[bi] [ v ] ajL vf.
provenance cins ^^^9- m.
proverb gotina pe§iyan; mesel J /!
province her§m f.; waliti £
I • •
provisions: (food for trip) azdxe aj^jb /.; zad jIj 221.;
zexire (food) rizq jjj m.
to provoke azirandin jjuljjb vf.; t’ekdan jljbij' vf.
proximity (closeness) nezikayi f.
prudent maqdl J^L
to prune k’ezaxtin jaf vf.
pruning hook diryas f.; §alok JjJU f.;
k’elendi ailTf.; melexan jUaJ^ /.;
• «
qirim /.
psalm zebtir JJI 3 j oj f.
pubes Tov m./f.
pubic hair Tov JQj m./f.
public (adj.) gi§t! L yjS ; civaki C5 TU9.
public opinion Taya gi§ti L) j f.
•I
public prosecutor dozger jafjjj m.
public sale (auction) mezad j] ja^, f; herac jaA f.
publication gap II V U. f; we§an II jlioj f
to publicize we§andin vf.
to publish we§andin vf.; gap kirin qJ' ybv
vf.; ne§ir kirin yj '_^aj vf.
published: -to be published dergun vi.
publisher: (printing house) gapxane ajUtjU. f;
ne§irxane ajU.^^ f; we§anxane ajU^Uoj f.
publishing house we§anxane f
puck (hockey ~) gog f ; hoi I J^jb f
puckered: girj jjf ; -to be ~ qermig’in vi.
800
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
puckered up: (of mouth) mtig II
puddle birk J /.; gol £.; gefik II £.;
lig £
* l«a* 9i
puff p’if o»j /; (on cigarette) hilm pia £.; qulap £
to puff p’if kirin vt.
to puff up (vi.) (to swell) nep’ixin vi.; pergifin
vi.; werimin q-^joj vi.; (vt.) (cause to
swell) nep’ixandin qjjUuaJ vt.; werimandin
vt.
puffed up (inflated) girj j^f
puffy (tired, of eyes) pi§pi§i
• •
to pull k’i§andin jjoUT /k’§§an jl JZf vt.;
rak’i§andin vt.; teqil ledan
vt. ; (drag) k’a§ kirin qjS'jAS' vt.; (-the trigger)
geqandin (jjjUao. vt.
to pull out hilg’inin vt.; (nail) hilk’i§andin
qjjUxSILa vt.; (~ by the roots) hilkirin vt.;
k’ok qelandin vt.; rak’i§andin
vt.; (feathers) rftg’ikandin vt.
to pull tight ragirtin qs J\j vt.
pulse: (Phaseolus aureus) ma§ JlL £
to pulverize miz dan jb>a vt; k’utan jbp" vt.
pumpkin kundir f./m.; gindor £; kulind
aJ m.
puniness moni £
to punish ceza kirin; (to p. s.o. according to his deserts)
heq@ fk-i da hatin ^Ia b vi.
punishment cezaret 00 £
puny b§weg \ nion <jp>
pupil: (of the eye) bibiq CH Te§ik I
(student) xwendek’ar m.&f.
puppy cewr jj* o. m./f.; kug’ik m.; t’ule <Jjp>
m.
to purchase (buy) k’irin vt.
pure beraq jb-jq; zelal p’ak JL; safi ^yL; (of
• •
heart) dilp’ak JLb ; (unadulterated) xwerft
; pet!
• •
pure white gil-sipi Lsr . ; sis I
purity zelali £.; p’aki ( Jb_ £; (of heart) dilp’aki
c/V^ f - "
purity of purpose dilp’aqiji ^^’Lb ^
to purl (of water) §irin II vi.; §ir§irandin
jAj 1 vi.
purling (of water) gujeguj f.; §irin II q f.;
xulexul J30. J30. £.; xulin £
purple binef§i mor I ; (dark ~) xemri
• •
p
purpose armanc £;Ljl c £.; qesd jl~a s £; mebest
£.; meqsed merem ^j a* m./f;
n§t oJj £
•»
purring miremir £
purse cente /
purslane p’erpine £
to pursue berdan dft jbjAj vt; dan dti. ^ (jb
vt.; dan pey ^<0 jljvt.; du gun vi.;
• •
dH hatin vi.; du k’etin vi.;
pey hatin ^Ia vi.; (chase) qewrandin I
• •
jjjjl vt.; qewtandin vt.
pus 'edab £; k’em II £.; n§m /.
push dehf III ^aoj /
to push dehf dan jb vt.
to push back def’ kirin vt.
pussy (x^agina) quz jp m.; virgik £
pustule pizik Jyj f.
to put danin vt.; kirin vt.; dan I qIj vt.;
tekirin vt.
to put aside ’ezil kirin^^ Jj^vt.
to put in tekirin vt.
to put in hospital nivandin vt.
to put into: (insert) tSxistin vt.
to put off (delay) taloq kirin qJ' j^JIj vt.
to put on: (clothes) wergirtin vt.;
werkirin vt.
to put on airs (be conceited) xwe werimandin
QjubJO5 05-i Vt.
to put out (fire, lights) t’efandin q^> U-u vt.;
temirandin vt.; veku§tin vt.;
vemirandin jjj) vt.; vesandin
vt.
to put stress on (accentuate, emphasize) §idandin
vt.
to put to bed razandin jjJljlj vt.; nivandin
vt.
to put to flight (drive away) Tevandin jjjboj vt.
to put to sleep razandin jl j vt.; nivandin
vt.
to put together (a conference) p’dkanin <Jl> r vt.;
to put up: (house, give lodging to, accommodate)
Kewandin vt.; ci kirin vt.;
hewirandin vt.
putrid geni
puzzled: -to be ~ §a§ man vi.
pyjama-cord doxin £
801
s
quack: (impostor, phony) gelac m.
quack grass ziwan
quail 'ebdal Jt m./f.; k’drasti JS £;
(francolin) por I f./m.
to quake: (vi., to tremble) lerzin qjJj*} vi.
quality (trait) sifet m.; t’ebi'et oajwa; f./m.
quantity gap I U f; mixdar m./f.; qas
m./f. ; qeder I jojas m./f; -small quantity Keb
f. /m.
quarrel doz jjj £; ceng f./m.; cerenix
£; de’w II^poj £; gelem§e gel§
k 5 £§e f. k’eft ft left j oi*T£;
k’egmek’eg f.; p’evgun f.;
qireqir £; §er I m.; t’ekgiln £
to quarrel (argue) p’evgun vi.; hev xwarin
oaa vt. ; §er bun Vi.
quarry (hunters’ game) §ikar jlS2 £
quarter: (fourth) garek JjjL. £.; (of city) miKel £;
t’ax >b £
quarters (residence, lodgings) menzil JjjjdL. £; k’ogk
queen (wife of emir) jinmir £
quern: (hand mill) destar jL^oj m.
question pirsyar jL^jj £; sual J Is*-, £/m.; (matter,
problem, issue) pirs £; mesele <Jdu^ £
to question pirsyar kirin Qjf jL*^ vt.
quick: (rapid) zd[bi] lez I j*J[ v ]; xwe§ ;
(nimble) geleng gust ; (q.-witted)
serwext
quickly reve-rev (joj A3oJ
quickness galaki C5 S^U. £
quick-witted j@hatl ^l^j; serwext C*^-<33J
quiet b§deng mit k* ; ker II j*T; h§di
••
(calm, tranquil) riKet hdsa LIa; tena I U*3;
(inoffensive, harmless) feqir ^3as ; (of animals)
sernerm pj«oj
quietly berxweda Ijq^ijdu; h@di
quilt orxan jU-jjn £; liKef £
quince bih aj £
quisling destkis m.&f; xwefiro§ m.
quit! (stop doing stg.) bes I^<v [+ imperative]
to quit: (leave off, abandon) ji ... rabiln j ... j
vi.; t’erkandin vt.; dev j§ berdan
jjljjdu fej Joj vt.; qeran Ijas vt./vi.; dest j£
• •
k 5 i§andin £j* o— ojvt.; hi§tin ( v r ^A vt.
quitch grass ziwan £; firizi £
««
quite ep’ece dj ; lap Si
quiver: (shudder) firk I Jf; girizok m.;
(sheath for arrows) t 5 @lk 5 e§
to quiver Kejin ^jas. vi.; lerzin qjJ _,aJ vi.; kil II
biln Q&Jf v£; ricifin vi.
802
R
rabbi malim pJL m.
rabbit k’ergun a^*T m./f.
rabbit cub xirnaq jb ^ m.&f.
rabid har j(a
rabies hari a f.
race: (species) cins m.; nijad m.; dol I Jjj
£; (contest, competition) lec ^J £
to race: (vt.: a horse) bezandin jlj«y vt.;
racism nijadperesti \y> £
■>
racist nijadperest O-vOj AJ J
racket (tennis ~) tils m.
radiance ge§l £
radiant beloq jgJ^u; ge§ Ji*S; rew$en ; Ton I
6 *j /rohni I
radiation tlr§j £
radio radyo £
radio station istgeh A4ji_~J £
radius govek JoJjf £
raffle pe§k II <Jj^o £
raft kelek JaJaT £• 'ebrik J^ja* £
raftsman kelekvan m.
rag kerkon (jiS'joS'm.\ kevnik J.Ja5" f./m.; perok
[jaj m.; p’ag 5 II ^b m.; p’ag[’]ik Juvb m./£;
p’ate II <ub m.; pertal JbjA.. m.; p’ine m.;
qerpal JbjAj m.\ (for wiping sweat off horse)
gelve§in *Ji) of f.
rage g’avsori £; ’em jjA* m./£
to rage: (be very angry) xeyidin ^^43. vi.; (to storm)
gujeguj kirin vt.
ragged robin p§kewk £
% •
raging (of sea) hufehuf o^a^j^a m./£
ragseller p’fnegi m.
raid cerd I Jjav f.
raiding party: (gang) cerd I jja=w f.; nijde oj^j £
railing derabe a !joj m./£\ cax m.
railroad r§Kesin £
railway reliesin ^a^ £
rain baran (jljb £; §ilt cr b £
••
to rain barfn I qj jb vi.
rain water: (in a natural hole in boulder) ava qax@
ms f.
rainbow k’eskesor _j-,ASlvAf/.; k§resttin
raindrop p’e§k I <ibiA> £
rainstorm barove ^jb £
rainy weather §ili C5 Ii £
to raise: hildan ^IaIa vt.; hilanln ^Ya [^li Ja]
vt.; rakirin vt.\ hevraz kirin jl J*jt>
vt.; (flag) dabinartin vt.; (lamp wick)
hilbirin ^^Ja vt.; (a person, in the air) hilgaftin
^Ail^bs vt.
raised up (high) quloz ^gjy
raisin mewij m./£\ k’i§mi§ m./£\ (low -
quality ~s on the ground) bistaq teyk JjaJ ;
(boiled ~) tilik «iL±>*
ram: (male sheep) beran m.\ (1-2-year-old male
sheep) kavir ^ITm.; (2-3-year-old male sheep) §ek
Ja£ m.\ (3-year-old male sheep) hogig m.\
(3-4-year-old male sheep) xirt o m.
to ram dewisandin q dj Lvjo j vt,
rambunctious (naughty, of children) nesekini
rampart beden I /jO J AJ £\ geper I j<u£; k 5 ozik
senger jaSja~ m.\ (city wall) sur I £
rancor zikre§i ^ 0 J £_j f.
rancorous zikre§ <jiojTj
rank (row) ref II ooj £/m.
r
ransom migilge
rapid [bi] lez I j4J[ v ]; geleng
rapidity lezti £\ gelengi £
•• ••
rascal tolaz jYh
rash (n.): (inflammation on arm) Wr gir IV
rasp (file) k’artik JjjiS' £; ege £
rat cird m.
rat poison mergemft§ £/m.
rather: (quite) ep’ece ^ v a 5; (but r., instead) hema
L^a; le I ; wevetir
ratsbane mergemti§ £/m.
rattling: (metallic sound) zingezing §ing!n
■ , f: •• f
ravage k’af-k’iin c j a5 T olT /.
ravaged kovan
raven qijik £
ravine dergeli m.; derteng geboz
jjjAf/.;geli II zer II joj zang «-d!j
f./m.; dehl Jaoj f./m.; kendal JljjATm.; newal
JljAj £
raw xam
803
R
raw material kerestey§ xav JiU. ^a^ojaT m.
ray (of light) tirej £
to raze (=destroy) hilwe§andin vt .;
razed (to the ground) k’ambax
razor guzan ( m.
to reach gihan I vi.; gihi§tin vi.;
hingaftin vt.
reactionary pa§veTu jjjajLsL
to read xwendin ^jJo^ vt
reader xwendevan jbajJoyi m.
readiness haziray! f ; (willingness) Tazilixi
f.
• ■
ready Kazir jjU; amade <oLb; (willing) Tazi
• •
real Fast o-1 y, bira III xweru
» > »
reality rasti c _ 5 x-l j f; birati II £
to realize tegihan vi,; varqilin ^Jijb vi.
to reap ginin vt .; dirutin vf.; das kirin
vf.
reaping (n.) xerman jLj«d nz.
rear (backside) k’emax ^-LaT/!; (of quadruped, or of
saddle) t’erkti<0* /. \
rear end qfin ( j 35 j £
reason: (cause) eger II jaTaj £; sebeb uAj a** f./m.;
sedem ^ /.; fi§t £\ me’na L*a^> £;
neynesi /!; (sense) aqil Jsb m.; Hi§ ^ 3 -
m.; sewda Ijja*, m.
reasonable maqftl J^i'L
rebel §ore§geT jACiojj^; m.
to rebel Tawestan jbc^lj vi.
rebellion serhildan §ore§ £.; sewr
f*
rebellious erini ^jaj
to rebound p’eqin ,j-J'aj vi.
to recall: (remember) hatin bira fk-e ^'Lfc vi.
to receive: (get, obtain) wergirtin qS jfjoj vt.; standin
vt.; (guests) qebfil kirin j^TJ^Ai >vt.\ 'ezet
kirin oojA* vt.; Kewandin jjjl^Aa- vt.; ci
kirin vt.; hewirandin jjj 1 vt.
recent nfi^; t’aze ojb
receptacle derdan II jljjoj £
reception hall diwanxane ajL^I^jo £; heywan I
oWaa £
recess (break, pause) navbiri £
to recess: (vi.) p 5 e§kilin vi.
to recite xwendin vt.
reciter: (of epics) dengbSj jLJjoj m.; (of Koran) Kafiz
_>ibw m.
reckless t’ewekel JaSoja?
to reckon hejmartin jLjaa vt.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
recognition: (for a favor rendered, gratitude) minet
e,A^ £
to recognize nas kirin qJ '^b vt.; nasin c ^b vt.
recommendation §iret £
recompensation heqyat oL*aa f
to reconcile (2 warring parties) a§t kirin o^b vt.;
li hev anin ^b Ja^J vt.; fesla fk-1 kirin
q^T^.U-as vt.; p’ekanin ^b dlj vt.;
reconciled a§t o^b ; -to be ~ li hev hatin qjIa Jaa J
vi.; p’ev k’etin aT*J aj vi.
reconciliation fesil J_~A3 /
to reconquer vegirtin ./as vt.
to record (voice, sound) vegirtin qj;/as vt.
to recount gill kirin C5 lf vt.; kat kirin olT
« •
vt.; neqil kirin q/" JsaJ vt.; riwayet
kirin oajIjj vt.
to recover (vi.) (recuperate) serxweda
hatin qjLi> b<^jA~ vi.
recovery (convalescence) saxbhn f.
recreation k’ef £
to recuperate serxweda hatin qsIa vi.
red sor jj^,; (blood ~) gevez jasaT
red hot sinciri l
red sauce metfini £
(j
reddish (color of horses) §e ^
reddish-brown (color of horses) k’iKel J
reddish-yellow (color of goats) xez jAi.
red-haired ghr II j^; kej I j aT
redhead ghr II j^ ; kej I j<S
redness sorayi ^>1 j ^ £
reed qami§ m.; zil Jj /.; (dry r.) kelkele aJaCJaT
; (type of ~) qamir m.; (cane) leven m.\
(on a loom) bef§ ^ m.
reed instrument (zurna) zirne aJjJ £
to reel: (stagger) licimin vi.
refined k’ubar jb^T/.; (elegant, of cloth) meles ^aJa*
refined person xuneda m.
refinement k’ubar jb^T £
to reflect: (to think) dan Ki§e xwe ^ fez*, jb vt.;
• *
hizir kirin vt.; fikirin vi.; Taman
I jL)j vi.
reflection: (thinking, pondering) mitale aJL^ £
refractory serKi§k Jjio-jA^; serk’e§ I
refreshment (at betrothal) §irani £
refuge (shelter) sit’ar _,L^ £.; nivan jliy £.; dexalet
o> aJ lio ^ £
refugee penaber j^b^ m.
refusal ink’ar KxJs £
~ ■■
refuse (garbage, rubbish) zibil Jjj £
804
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to refuse ink’ar kirin jl Sdp vt.
to refuse to budge (be stubborn) xezirin vi.
to regain consciousness serxweda hatin
La vi.
regard: (consideration) Kesab m.
to regard as: (consider, deem) Kesab kirin qPZj L<jl>
vt.; Kesibandin vt.; hejmartin ^jLjdjft
vt.; zanin q-jIj vt. [+bi v ]
regarded: -to be regarded (as) Kesab btin
vi.
regarding: (about) di derheqa ... da b
li ser J <*».44A.j
regards: (greeting[s]) silav f.
region dever I jojoj f.; herem f.; semt
m.; ork’e 'oS'jp f.
regret p’o§mani ^L^-> f.; k’eser f.
4 m
to regret p 5 o§man bun c j a5 j jloJijp vi.
regretful p 5 o§man jloJ^/pe§iman ^L^dujp’or ft
p 5 o§man 3 jP v
regular r§k u p@k dp 3 J0>j\ Tezdar I
regularity r§k ft p§ki ( JL> 3 f.
■ ■
regulation: (rule) qanftn c j 5 vb f.
regulations destftr f.
reign (rule) qirar J j m./f.; p’ad§ati ^LjL
• •
reindeer §ivire kedi ^*5" pa, m.
••
to reinforce §idandin vt.
reins cgIgw I ^aJ f.; dizgin {.; bizmik
f.; gem f.; lixab V UJ m./f.; qet’irme f. ;
hevsar jLJ<uft m.
to reiterate dubare kirin op 3 j vt.
to rejoice §a bftn ( j a5 j U vi.
rejoicing §abftn f.
relapse nekse f.
to relate: (a story) gili kirin qP^ vt.; kat kirin
qP olT vt.; vegeran; neqil kirin pP vt.
relation (kin, relative) meriv m.; (connection
through marriage) merivti f; (connection)
t’ekili jSp f.
relations peywendi f.; hatin ft
gKn 3 ^Ia f.
relationship (connection) p’evgiredan j )SjPJ+* f;
peywendi f.; t’ekili f; [romantic]
yari I /.
relative (n.j: (kin) xizm ^ m.; meriv d> j<^ m.; (by
marriage, in-law) xinami m.&f; taloq II
(JgJb- m.
to relax bina xwe vedan L-o vt.; h@sa bftn
blA vi.; xwe riKet kirin qP o vt.;
R
reliable ewlekar P<JjdJ; saxlem ; merd jja* ;
xudanbext c+a.+pljja. ; it’bar Pp
reliance bawer[i] [^LajL ewle I *S 3 <£ f.
9 m
relieved: -to be relieved of (rid of) k’uta bftn l p
vi.
religion din III m.; ol Jp f.
religious devotion ebabeti f.
to relocate (forcibly, to deport) terKil kirinj^T J
vt.
reluctance bedili f; xwe-dane-pa§
f.
reluctant: sar jL; -to be ~ xwe dane pa§ JlL <ob
vt.
to remain (stay) man vi.
remainder hasil J-«La f.
remains bermayi j*o f.
remark tebini , f.
.
■ •
remedy g’are dJ L> derman jLjoj m.; ilac f.;
himmet f.; hiner j«u_a m./f.; (r. to a
situation, way out) p’ergal I JlC^. f-
to remember hatin bira fk-e ^'La vi.
remembrance xatir ^‘U. m./f
remiss: -being ~ t’exsir -to be ~ t’exsir kirin
of y t-
remnants bermayi f.
• •
remote dur J33 j>
to remove: rahi§tin ^j^a)j vt. [+ dat. constr.];
hilanin Ja] vt.; hilbirin vt.;
hilkirin j^SLlA vt.; fakirin qJ >1 j vt.; (to do away
with) ji ort 5 § Takirin j Jp j vt.; (clothing)
§elandin vf.; danin vt.; §iqitandin
vt.; (take out) deranin vt.;
derxistin vt.; (from office) 'ezil
kirinj^
remuneration heqyat oL$*a f.
to rend: (tear) p’eritandin ^jjbj^vf.
to render derxistin j0 j vt.
rendezvous jivan jUj m./f.
rennet fir§ik J-i p
rennet bag §ilav f
to renounce dev je berdan vt.
renown (fame) nav ti deng 3 <JU m.; navdari
f
repair t’edarik Jjjjaj' m.
to repair: (fix) g@ kirin vi -
to repeal (a law) Takirin qjS\j vt.
to repeat: dubare kirin a jL ,j vt.; (keep repeating)
[gotin d] bilandin j vt.
to repent t’obe kirin nP'^-pvt.
vt
805
R
repentance p’ogmani t’obe -yjs /.
to replace gfina fk-t girtin qSJ? ••• L vf.
replacement bedel Jojaj £
to reply bersiv dan vt.; cab dan jta V L>
vt.; vegerandin ^jjIja^aS* vt.; zivirandin
o^Uj vt
report rapor £; elam p^A* m./£; ’elamet oa-o^a*
£
to report ragihandin vt; salix
daytn ^Ij^JL vt.
repose: (quiet, tranquility) tenahi f.; digliq
mm
reporter peyamhin§r ^2Lu&pb aj rn.&f.
to represent: (describe, portray) nitirandin I <jjj1^
vt
representation (in parliament) nfinerti £
mm
representative nuner m.&£; me’mur JJ3 ^a^ m.
to repress tepeser kirin qj? vt.; berteng
kirin qJ* vt..; pergiqandin ^jjUx-jaj vt.
to reprimand ’erza fk-T gkandin jjulSj; 44 Jjjap vt.;
berhingari fk-e biln c y aiH 4 4 4 ^1£1a,aj vi.
«•
reproach te’n ^aj f/m.
reproof te’n q*aj £/m.
republic komar jLp "£
to repulse: (push back) def’ kirin vt.
reputation: nav I «Jb m.; (good ~) hetk Jjoub f.; -
person with bad ~ navno yjib m.
request daxwaz jI^Ij £.; lavahi f. ; hevi ^aIa
•»
f.; t’eweqe asojaj f.; de’w II /!
to request xwestin vt.; lavahi kirin
vt.; jS hevi kirin q_/' cj oLa vt.; limej
•«
kirin vt.; t’eweqe kirin vt.
to require viyan jLi vt. [+ obi. prn.]
rescue xelasi ^^a^. f.
mm
to rescue bi hawara fk-i gun 4 4 4 1 jI^Ia <_> vi.;
p’§sira fk-e ji bk-e xilas
kirin qJ' ^ 4 4 4 j 4 4 4 I^Ju vt.; qurtar
kirin jbjy vt.; xelas kirin vt.
rescued: -to be rescued filitin vi.; (be relieved of,
rid of) k’uta biin b^T vi.
to research l§kolin ^Jj^J vt.
research: (examination) ISkolin f.
mm
to resemble gibin vi.; man vi.
resembling (like, similar to) wek J03; mina bu^; fena
bai ; giti II ^ ; nola yp
resentful zikreg jt, o^5j
reserve: (store, supply) zexire oj /.
to reserve (a place) cih veqetandin jjubASAs ax vt.
reservoir liewz yjAx. m.; peng II J 2 aj m.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to reside jin vi.; rflnigtin vi.
residence hewirge £; menzil JjjJa^ f.; mek’an
jlTaw* m.; xan-man m -
resident akinci CJ ^SlS m.&f.; ehl JaaS m.
mm
resin: (natural ~) debug girez £ J benigt
m.
■ % A
to resist li ber xwe dan (ji J jA> (J Vt.
resistance berxwedan £; (opposition)
hevriki £
mm
to resolve: (~ to do stg.) himet kirin vt.; (a
feud between 2 warring parties) agt kirin qP' owib
vt.; fesla fk-t kirin c j^T 4 4 4 U~*i vt.
to resound (echo, reverberate) deng vedan
^jljAi c£ioJ vt.
resourcefulness hiner ja-la m./f; fereset Oj <*3 f*
¥
respect hurmet oa^-a £; 'erz £; me’rifet
qedir I m.; 'ezet ooJ £; r§z II
£\ rflmet o^j^j £; giram pi J* /.; xatir ^j'U.
m./£
to respect fez girtin <j 3 Jf Aj vt.; hurmet girtin
qj o^>^a vt.; me’rifeta /Jc-^ girtin
bAjbyP** vt.; giram girtin vt.
respectability namus ^r^b £
respectable misktn q^SL^ ; maqtil J^'L
respected birez maqdl Jj^'L ; rgzdar II
respectful giramgir _>JLS j?
respite: (time limit) molet £
to respond dey kirin qj? L $t>^ vt.; bersiv
dan jh J*jaj vt.; cab dan jta v Lx vt.;
vegerandin jjjlvt.; zivirandin ^juI vt.
response bersiv I OLm/ j f.; cab vW- £
responsibility berpirsiyari £'* cabdari
£; (duty) peywir £
mu
responsible berpirslyar ; cabdar jIajU.
rest: (remains) bermayi £; (the ~ of) mayin I
^L; (peace, tranquility) reheti £\ hedan
• %
^jl jcufc £.; sekin tl hedan ^jl 3 £; sekin
to rest bina xwe vedan <j1 vt.; h§sa bfln
qssj LZjt> vi.; xwe rihet kirin oaxj vt.;
“to cause s.o. to [take a] ~ vesandin
to rest against: (lean against) p’aldan jljJb vt.
restaurant xwaringeh aaCjI^ £; xwarinxane
AibaJ £
restive serhigk serk’Sg I
restless [of children] gfim pj^
806
English-Kurdi sh Vocabulary
to restrain (stop, hold back) ragirtin q3J\j vt.; zeft
kirin vt.; (bridle, of horses) xerandin
qX>)V t.
restricted area qorix jyp f.
restrictions qeyd aj*5 £
restroom avdestxane £; avr§j I &J\5 £;
golik III JJy* £; da§ir ^ 1j £; destav £
; destavxane £; edebxane
qedemge £
result encam £; dawi f.; k’uta £.; tali
9
II ^Jb £; berhem £; hasil £; t’omeri
Y •• /*
r *
*•
to resuscitate vejandin jjjlj J Ft.; sax
kirinve ^-L vt.
retinue pi§tm§r m.
to retreat (vi.) xwe dane pa§ JlL <ota Ft.
retribution cezaret f.
return (n.) veger f.
to return: (Fi.) (come back) vegerfn vi.;
zivirin (jiJij vi.-, fetilin vi.; dagerin
vi.; (vt.) vegerandin jjjl j*Ja» Ft.;
zivirandin b’J Ft.; (a greeting) wergirtin
Cp*vt.; vedan ji j J Ft.; vegirtin jJFt.
to return home (of cattle) veqetin vi.
to reveal xuya kirin vt.
revenge tol II Jp £; Keyf £; -to take revenge tol
standin/vekirin vt; Keyf
hildan/standin ji vt;
to reverberate (echo) deng vedan jbJ Jj>oj> vt
reverberation (echo) olan j'Vy f.
reverie mitale «Jlu £; xewnerojk f.
reversed berevaji ^jU'ojcy; vaji ^jU
«« ♦ ♦
to revile (to abuse verbally) lfrxurin vi.
revision (checking) t’esel! ^<^*3 f.
• •
to revive (vt.) vejandin jjjljJ' vt; sax
kirinve dJb Jf vt.; (vi.) vejin cpJ^ vi.; Katin
ser reng§ xwe ^ jdoj O 3 ^ Vi *
revived: -to be ~ (come back to life, lit. & fig.) hatin ser
reng§ xwe ^ jjjoj vi.; vejin jpjJ vi -
revolt serhildan jl-iLUj*- f.; §ore§ £; sewr
f.
to revolt Tawestan j vi.; rabdn serxwe
v vi.
revolution serhildan jljJjbj^ f.; §ore§ f;
sewr f.
revolutionary (adj.) §ore§geri I
revolutionary (n.) §ore§ger m.
revolver (six-shooter pistol) §e§ar £.; §e§xane
£.; §e§derb f.
R
reward xelat £/m.; perti f; (sustenance)
rizq m.
rheumatic (n.) bawi m.
rheumatism ba II L £
rhinoceros k’erkedan
rhubarb rib§s f.
rhythm t’eqil Jjaj f.
rib p’arsu f./m.; p’arxwan f.
ribbon §erit CO j f!
rice: (cooked) birinc I m./£; (in the husk) gelttik
m./f.; (burnt ~ at bottom of pot) verenk
Jjojaj f.; bin£ bero§e m.
•« ++
rice husk pd§k m.
rich: dewlemend maldar jIjJL; xurt o_^;
p’i II ^; (fertile) bijdn j^jp; (of food) givir
• •
riches dewlemendi £; maldari ^IaJL f;
•• •«
malhebun £
rick lod f./m.; (agricultural) xerman ■ m *
rid: -to be rid of ji fk-e xelas bdn j‘ vi;
yaxa xwe ji fk-e xelas
kirin q^T^^*** j ^ U-K vt.;
k’uta bdn <3*^ Is^T fj.
riddance xelasi f.
riddle mamik «*LL f; tederxistinok
ti§tanok /.; apik
to ride (a horse) li ...siwar bun J vi.
rider siwar j TT 1 .
ridge (mountain ~ made of massive boulders) tat I ob £
ridicule (mockery) finaz jUi m./f; te’n f./m.;
tinaz j\jj m.
rifle t’ifing f; §e§derb J OOl«V fm f
§e§xane coL^<u f
right (adj.): (correct) Tast CJ<MS \j \; dirust bira III
)^>; heq (direction, ^left) Tast o-lj
right (n.): (to do stg.) maf uL m.; desttir f; heq
m.; bed m.
right away yekser
right wing Tastgir
rightist Tastgir j
rightness dirusti L5 ^ 5J j £
rim: (edge) dev J 0 j m.\ kevi I f.
••
rime: (frost) xdsi £; qirav Ji£
rind (shell, peel) qalik JUh f./m.; qa§il J-iU m./£;
qelp II <<* m.; tivil m./f
ring: (hoop, circle) xelek £; oik I £;
(wooden ~ on pack saddle) hegl I £/m.;
(finger ~) gustil £; (signet ~) mor II ^ £;
p’ilat £
ring finger t’iliya gustily LJj
807
ringlet (of woman’s hair) kezi ^jaS'£
to rinse: (dishes) gir kirin v£
to rip: (vt.) qela§tin vt.; g’irandin qju)^ vt.;
dirandin vt.; qeli§andin vt;
(vi.) g’irin vi.\ dirin I qjj j vi.; qeli§in
45 Vi.
to rise rabftn vi.; quloz bdn jgJp vi.;
(dough, the sun) hilhatin ^1*1* vi.; (smoke)
k’i§!n vi.; hilbhn vi.
to rise up against ber ... rabfin q«&->1 j ... j^ vi.;
rawest an j vi.
rising (n.) [of water] avrabhn <^1 i^Ij f!
risky t’ewekel JaTojaj
rites: (of burial) hewari ^I^^a /.
ritual ablutions: (Islamic) destnimdj
rival hevrik JJaj* m.&f; neyar jb<u 222.
rivalry hevrik! £
• v
river g’em 222.; av ols ga I 222.; To II 222.;
rftbar jljjyj m./f.; §et 222.
riverbank bar II jb /.; p’erav £; kevi I j*?f.
•0
[2]
riverbed newal f.; (dry ~, wadi) mesil /
roach (cockroach) sisirk /.
road r e fcj £; dirb I Vj j /.; (country or rural ~) §ivere
1
••
roan (color of horses) §e ^
• •
roar (noise) qireqir £
to roar: (of thunder) gurin vi.
to roast biragtin qZi)^ vt.; sotin vt.; (cook
only the outside of stg.) kewitandin jjjbj^T vt.
to rob dizi kirin vt.; §elandin vt.;
«•
t’alan kirin qJ" vf.
robber r§bir jZj m.; nijdevan qUojjj m.; k’ele§ II
Redos'm.; qagax ^Ub m.
robbery cerd I £.; rebiri t’alan
m./f.; nijdevan! £.; k’ele§! £
•* ••
robe: (~of honor) xelat f./m.
robust (healthy, strong) pit I o-j
rock: kevir m.; kug’ m.; (stone) ber III j«*.j
m.; (large, flat ~, boulder) Kelan (fi** m.; fer§ jijZ
£; lat o*y £; nehit f./m.; tat I ©b £; (cliff,
crag) zinar I jbj m./f.
to rock: liejandin jjjlj-^vf.; (cradle) lorandin
O^U- 1 vt.
rocket mfi§ek J jf.
rocking (n.) we§ <jioj £
rod: (stick, staff) go m./f.; gogan 222.; gomax
m.; gopal JLjf J22.; §iv /.; xir I m.;
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
(iron ~) §!§ jZJ: £; (straight wooden ~) rot ojb 222.;
(stake) qazux ^jb m./f
rodent rawir J3 \ j 222.
roe (fish eggs) xerz 222.
roiled (turbid, cloudy, of water) §elo
role rol Jjj f-
roll (of paper) p’§g’ek £ ; (thick, round bread ~
with hole in center) girde oj
to roll: (vi.) gindirin vi.; gir§l bUn J Zj*
vi.; ger bftn vi.; gulol bUn c j 53 jJ>J vi.;
hoi bun vi.; tot bun c j 55 jojp’vi.; (~ all
over, of dropped round objects) virvirin J
vi.; (~ around, as in the dust) gevizin ^ vi.;
(vt.) gindirandin vt.; g§r kirin
vt.; gulol kirin vt.; hoi kirin
vt.
to roll up (one's sleeves) hilk’i§andin jjjUilA vt.;
hilmi§tin 1a vt.; hildan ^IjJa vt.; vedan
q\j>Z vt.; vemali§tin vf.
roller: (cylinder for flattening mud roofs) bagirdan
qIj JL f./m.; lox £; (harrow) t’apan ybb /.;
§dnke serbani 222.
rolling pin (long, thin ~ for making bread) ttrok
f./m.
romance: (tragic love story) beyt oo.*v f; qewl J 3 o 3
m./f.
roof ban II ^b 222.; serban j ui . ; sit’ar jL-. /.;
xan! ^Li. 222.; ("of mouth) pid! f; aldme
••
<x^oc ^0 b 222.
roof-roller bagirdan q\j f./m.; lox /.
rook: (bird) tildr JJ& b 222.; qijik f; qirik II J
(in chess) rex II £0j £
room (chamber) ode ojp f; mezel ot’ax
^b^j f.
rooms k’ogk £
roomy berfireh a 6^^;
roost Its 222.
to roost Its bun vi.
rooster dik Jjj 222.
0#
root bingeh aaC^j /.; k’ok II /.; reh a^j /.
rope ben 2n.; kap I 222.; k’indir m./f.;
weris ^.jo^ 222.; §er!t (thick white ~)
qirnap ^b j f.
ropy g 5 ir II
rosary t’izb! m.lf.
rose gul <]<££
rose mallow (hollyhock) h§ro ^ 1 a £
to rot rizin vi.; helisin ^^-Jaa vi.; (stay long
time in heat) germixin vi.
808
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
rod (unit of weight) ritil I Jjj f.
rotten pp./adj.: rizi petot op'; p’ug’^j; (egg)
cilq
rough: (coarse, unrefined) qalin ; stflr zivir
.Ai ; (of people) p’arsti-qalim -to be
rough (of the sea) geliqin vi.
roughness qalint f.
•• ^
round girover jtQJT
to round up: (gather) t’op kirin qJ' up vf.; (sheeps &
goats) guher kirin qM vt.
roundness guloveri
• •
to rouse o.s. veciniqin vi.
to rout (chase) qewrandin I vt.; qewtandin
jjjbj**' vf.
roving derodero JjoaJjoa
row (rank) r@z I _>jj /.; ref II f./m.\ (line) §erit
C>J _J dw*w f.
to row b§r kirin qJ* vt.; dan bere jvt.
• •
rowdy K§g’
royal court §ane§in f./m.
royal residence §ane§in c j^4jU f./m.
to mb: (massage) miz dan vt.; perixandin
vt.\ (polish) hesun vf.; (~ two things
together, to start a fire) pexistin vf.; sdtin
vt '
rubbery g’ir II
rubbish gile§ <jzJf m.\ zibil Jjj f.
ruble manat cAL m.
ruby lal II m./f.\ yaqut o^pb m.
ruckus t’evdan f.
rude b§ edeb V oa<* 5 £j; bSme’rifet o
• ■ ••
sthr (coarse, untreated) xam pU.
rudeness be edebi f.\ nezani y) j*o
stfiri f.
ruffed grouse (bird) qijik f.
rug: xalige oJli /.; (kilim, flatweave ~) ber IV f.;
tej II >u m.; tejik I m.
ruin (n.) k’af-k’un (yM <jlT f.\ malxirabi
qir II jS f.
▼
to ruin: (destroy) hilwe§andin jjjUovf.;
t’efandin vf.; xirab kirin jAvt.;
(spoil, mess up) t’Skdan ^IaSI; vf.; p’fig’ kirin
qJ/ ^sp. vf.; (~ s.o.'s reputation) hetka /k -3 birin
U-* ♦♦♦ ISb vf.; §kenandm aj vf., (to defeat,
trounce) b§ ser ft ber kirin jA vf.;
(bread) k’tit kirin vf.
ruined: k’ambax ^L-IT; kovan ; xirab
xop’an ; p’tig 5 ; (bread) k’tit m.\ -to
R
be ruined Kerimin vi.; t’§kgtin
vi.; (reputation) §kestin vi.
ruins (of building) kavil Jit S'm.
rule: qantln c j a pb f.; *destilr j^p^oA f.; Tesim
; m./f.\ (king's reign) p 5 ad§ati ^'UaL f\ qirar j \^3
m./f.
ruler: (monarch) Kakim pSta. m.\ p’ad§a UaL m.;
silt’an jUL, m.; (governor) fermandar j1ajLj*3
m.
rulership fermandari ^JajLj*^ f.
to rumble guregur kirin (yM vf.
rumbling (n.) gurin f.\ guregur f.\
gimin /.; xulexul Jpi.*J^ f.
to ruminate (chew one's cud) k 3 ayin LT vi.
rumor deng I «>doA m.; gotgotk JjpdpT f .; kurt ii
pist o-p^p'j^T /.
rump (backside) poz II (of quadruped) qerp’ftz
saxiri f.; t’erkh^pb^' -f-
• •
to rumple (wrinkle) qermig’andin jAjUwj^' vf.
rumpus (commotion) t’evdan (jIaja? f
to run (vi.) bazdan ^IajL vf.; bezin vi.; Tevin
vi.; (vt.) (to conduct) me§andin vt.;
bi fe ve birin ^ju vf.
to run away revin yJo j vi.; filitin ^pJi vi.;
hilhatin vi.;
runaway (fugitive) firar J m.; qagax m.;
revi I ^joj m.
run-down xop’an
rung (of ladder) hewq nerdewan /.
rural road §ivere f.
ruse Kile <U^o. /.; fel I Jp m./f.; l§p £;
delk 5 JLJoa /.
rush lez I j J f.\ ztiyetl /.
• •
to rush upon (charge on) rik’eb kirin vt.
Russian Rus I ^ 3 j in.
rust zeng Jjoj f.\ jeng Moj f.
to rust jeng girtin ^ J* Mo j vt.
to rustle (leaves) xu§in vi.
rustling (leaves) xu§tn f.
rusty zengari jengari ^j&oy,
• • c«
(sword, knife) kalume a^JIT
rut: (being in heat, of animals) gon II Q$f m.
rye §ilel JpU m.; ag’ar jU-U m.
rye grass ziwan f.
809
saber: (Egyptian ~) k’ose misri
4 A
sack: (bag) cendik f ; gewal m.; me§ok
■
m.; tdr I m.; xurc f; (factory made)
gtinlk XjjXm.; ferae oj j*i m.; (large)
t’§r III f.; (hemp) t’elis m.; (sheepskin ~)
heban f; (large, goathair) xerar j)j*± m.
to sack (fire, dismiss, from a job) qewrandin I
vt.
sackcloth gar§ev Ji^jU f
a
sacrifice qurban £; gorl f.
A A
to sacrifice qurban kirin qX gori
kirin qX vt.
A i
sad b@k’ef melUl [H mizdan] [jl 3 ];
xemgin ; zelul J^oj; kovan qUjT;
t’efekftri (of sound) ziz I _yjj; -to be ~
A A
ber xwe k’etin ^aT jaj vi.; qehirln ^^aaS
vi.; t’efekuri bun c j 3iH l ^ 53 5 a 3 <u vi.; bfina fk-e
^ ••
teng btin c j 3iH Ll> vi; xem k’i§andin
jjjUT vt.; xem kirin qJ' vt.
to sadden melul kirin vt.; qehirandin
vt.; t’efekbri kirin qJ' lSJ 3 X^^ vt.
• •
saddle zin I m.; bftsat oL^ m./f.; (wooden pack
~) p’alik JJL m.
to saddle up §idandin vt.; zin kirin qX
vt.
saddlebag xurc £; xurcezin ^ j f.\ (large ~)
t’£r III £; §e 1 II J-l£ f.
saddle-girth keji ^J-aT kolan I £; navteng
JjaJIj £; qo§ jijp m./f.; teng II <Jjaj m./f
saddlemaker zinker ja£jJ m.
saddler zinker ja£oJ m.
sadness meluli ^j^a* f; zeluli ^^Joj f.; xemgini
V •• ••
/! j mirUz 272 #
A A
safe tena I b«o*; selamet oa/^a-,
safe and sound sax u selamet O A^lf A-v £
safekeeping anemeti ^'a-asIs £
_ ••
safety selameti ^a^a-, f; tenahi a f.
•m
sage: (wise man) zane a> 1 j m.
Sagittarius kevan jU'Afm./f.
said goti pp.
■ A
Saint John's bread (carob) xernuf o»Jja». f.
Saint Lucie cherry kin@r f.
sake xatir ^U. m./f
salah: (Islamic prayer ritual) nimej jl-j f/lim£j jLJ f
salamander: (newt) xecxecok m.
salary me’a§ j:Ua* m./f; heq jaa m.
saliva gir§z SiX 2 .; ava dev «Joa BlS ; t’if otf f; t’tik
II 45 f; lik cOJ f
salsify (meadow Tragopogon pratensis) siping XX*
f./m.
salt xwe f.
A A
saltless kelx II be xwe
AA ■# AA
saltpeter §ore O f*
saltpeter manufacturer §oreci m.
#A
saltwater suravk cJSlf
salty §or III jjji
salute (military greeting) p’ate I <o'L f
to salute p’ate avetin ajL vf.; p’ate le xistin
lJ vL
salvation rizgari ^jbjj £; xelasi f.
«•
salve (ointment) melhem 2
salvo: (volley) derb vj oj f./m.
same 'eyni I ; yek Jtu ; (of the ~ length or size)
• •
xi§t I
sample nimdne m.
sampling (tasting of food) ta’m ^b m./f.
sand xiz m./f; qum ^ f.
sand fly axbrk dj&dS/d f
sandal: (leather peasant ~) garox 2 ; k’alik II
JJ ITf; kelej I £
sandwich balolk f; bog m.
sapling (young tree) §itil f./m.; xilp Xs. f.
sapper: (land mine expert) leqemgi m.
■ A
satan §eytan m.
satchel cente f
A
sated t’§r I J+s
satisfaction qena’et m./f; razibbn c j a 3 -oj)j f;
Taziti f.
A A
satisfied dilxwe§ j; k’efxwe§ ;
qani c qayil J^»L; razi j ; (full, sated)
t’§r I ^ 13 *; -to be ~ with bi ft-f qenaet
kirin qX ... v vt.
Saturday §em! \ f.; Pa§ini L; Sebt co<u£
•• «■
sauce avik ^Ls f
saucepan t’awe OJ b f; miqilk JJjl« f.
saucer: (small plate) zerf «jjoj f /zerf oj<vL m.
sausage sincoq in.
savage dir jj; hov t’or II jjj
810
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
savagery hoviti f; weh§i { JUbo 3 f.
•• •«
to save: (to keep, preserve) p’arastin c yu 1 J L> vt;
hilanin [^-pl5 Jjb] vt.; hilgirtin qj Ji* vt.;
(to rescue) xelas kirin Q^f vt.; qurtar
kirin vt.; p’esira fk-e ji bk-e xilas
kirin vt; -to s. for the winter
hilanin zivistan£
Ja] vt.
••
saved: -to be saved (to be rescued) filitin Ji vi.
saw: (tool) birek Jo f.
» 1
sawdust gerik I Jjof f.; teli§ I m.
to say gotin Qj$f vt.
saying mesel J A -tv f»
saz (stringed instrument with long neck) saz jL m.;
t’embilr f.
saz player (musician) sazbend m.
scab gir IV _jf m.; qalik JJIj f./m.
scabbard (sword sheath) kalan m.; qab I V U f.
scabby: (mangy) guri cSJjf; k’oti
•• •«
scalding (n.) §ewat f.
scale (dish of weighing scales) t’a II b m.
scales §ihin m@zin ^yL* t’erazi jdj f.;
••
(astrological sign) pevir u mezin ^yL^ jMj f.
scalpel ni§tir m./f.
scandalmonger qumsi m.
••
scandalous girhk
scarab: (dung beetle) gfigil£rk Jf.
scarcely ancax-ancax hew jaa; hew
mabu jaa
scarcity k£masi If /k£mayi f.
• • ••
to scare tirsandin jjjL jj vt.
scared ziravqeti -to he ~ tirsin vi.; (be
• •
scared to death) [+ji] bizdin ^ >.■& y vL
• •
scarf: (girl’s head scarf) Kibri f; (woman's head
scarf) k’itan jbT f; (woman’s white head-) fdtik
Jjjyi f; (woman's colored headscarf) h£rati
••
f.
Scat! (scram! get out!) weda \Jj 3
to scatter dSrandin J>y> vt.; (grain) raxistin
j vt.; re§andin jjjUoj vt.
scattered belav <J^*j
scent bin I f.
sceptre gogan
scheme: (plot) t’evdir ^jj*o7tedbir f', (trick,
ruse) delk’ dJoj f.
scheming 'ewan II
scholar rew§enbir j m.; zane <*j1j m.; ulmdar
jl aJj m.; torevan I jlS’ojjj m.
scholarship uimdari f.
s
school: xwendegeh A <*5o Jj f.; xwendinxane
f.; mek’t’eb edebxane
3*$ f; (elementary grade ~) dibistan qL-uj
f.
school of arts and crafts xwendegeha destxetan
q\j L&<* 5 oAjq^i f.
science zanisti f.; ulm pj m.
scientist ulmdar J\ juJ* m.
scissors cawbir jjJa. f./m.; meqes ^*5a* f.;
(sheep shears) hevring Jj Jsaj* f.; qilix II m.
scoffing tinaz jtu m.
to scold 'erza fk-i §kandin Jjj** vt.;
berhingari fk-S bdn ♦ vi.;
jera xeber dan jb jaj.6. 1 J>j vt.
scolding (n) te’n f./m.
scoop (large ladle) k’efgir ^aT f.
to scoop up hilg’inin vt.
to scorch kuzirandin jjjJ vt.
scorched: -to be scorched kuziryan vi.
scorn tewz ^ f.
Scorpio dtip’i§k f
scorpion dtip’i§k f.
scoundrel qe§mer m.; sakoi m.;
emekheram m.; t’eres ^ojos m.
scout n§revan m.
scowl pirg’Ujy^. m.
to scowl pirg’dyS xwe kirin ^ vt.;
me 5 d§ xwe tir§ kirin vt.;
ru qermig’andin vt.
Scram! (scat! get out!) wekla
scrambled: -to be ~ (get all mixed up) k’etin nava hev
±jojb vi.
to scrape verotin vt.; r£g kirin (yjfgij vt.;
renin vt.; rh§andin vt.
to scratch: heri§andin qa jUjaa vt.; [an itch]
xurandin vt.; (scrape) renin ^ooj vt.;
rti§andin vt.; (the soil) vedan jljai vt.
to scream qirin vi.; kurin ^_>^T vi.;
qiirin ^ vi.
screaming qirin f.; qiirin qjj&s f ;
vinge-ving Jjj f.
to screech khrin vi.; qirin yi *
screen p’erde O J jAj f.
screw burxi ^j& f.
to screw: (copulate) gan I (Jf vt.; nayin vt.;
k’utan vt.
to screw in badan q\jI> vt.; §idandin jjjljjt vf.
screwdriver dernefis joj m.
script xet f./m.
811
s
scrotum ritil II Jj j f; h§lik f./m.
scuffle cerenix f
sculpture heyk’el JpAjt m./f; peyker jpp m.
scum: (foam, lather) k’ef f
scurf keletor jpP *Tf; k’egeli p a^.aS' f
••
scurfy k’egelJdo-^T
to scutch vejandin jjjljcb' vt.
scythe diryas ^bjj £; §alok f; k’elendi
Jzf £; melexan qPaJa^ f ; qirim f.
sea befir f.
seal: (stamp) mor II f; p’ilat o^Lo f
to seal xitimandin vt.
seam dirwar jh,jj f.
seaport bender I JO jJ <\J f.
to sear kuzirandin ( y^>\ J p' vt.
search (n.) saxti f.
seared: -to be seared kuziryan pjp vi.
seashore l§va behr§ l£J /!
season demsal JL^>oj f.; werz j j03 m.; (time period)
nir II ^3 m.
seasoned: (experienced) dinyaditi ^jLjj
• •
to secede xwe veki§andin; havibftn vi.
secessionism cudaxwazi f
• •
secessionist cudaxwaz m.&f.
secluded xewle aJ^as.
second (adj.): (2nd) dudua Ijjjj
second (n.): (moment) bistek f; (60th of a
minute) girik I f; keli pS f.
••
secret (adj.) nepeni ppp; xef xewle aJ^as.
secret (n.) sir II ^ f.
*
secretly [bi] dizika ICjj [ v ]; teletel
section be§ I f./m.; pi§k f; §ax ^-U f./m.
secure: (safe) tena I b< 0 '; selamet
security selameti p<pAM f; ewlekari f;
• • * ■
tenahi ^yab aj f
• •
sedan (litter) me’f u^a^ f.
to see ditin vt.; dina xwe dan Ljj vt.;
(to watch, look at) nerin vt.; meze kirin
<pP vt .;
to see s.o. off (escort) r§ kirin q Pfej vt ;
vere kirin yP ^j<*j vt.
• •
seed dan II <jb m.; tov <Jp m.; t’oxim ^sp in.; Keb
f./m.; lib <_J f .; (edible, as sunflower ~s,
pumpkin ~s, etc.) tovik dip m.; (sperm) avik Jj{$
f; dol I Jjj f.
seeing (n.): din I qj j f.
to seek asylum dexaleta fk-I kirin b-JL-oj
vt.
to seek refuge dexaleta fk-t kirin q/ 4M b«JU.oj vt.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to seem xuyan I jb^s vi.; (it seems) mina ye aj
seems: It seems [to me] [ji min] t’ire fcp [^-.J]
■ «
seen: -to be ~ xuya bUn b^i vi.; xuyan I jb^i.
vi.
to seize girtin p> pvt.; standin qj, jL-* vt.; zeft kirin
<jP^*j vt.; p’esir girtin p>P^pp vt;
vegirtin pspA$ vt.; (s. the opportunity) k’etin
mecale £JU»<u> (pP vi.;
00
(occupy) dagir kirin yP_p)j> vt.
seizure: (s. by force) t’alan p\j m./f.; k’otek d*sp f
select (adj.): (choice, chosen) bijare 0J )p
to select bijartin I p j\p vt.; hilbijartin pj)p.Lt>
vt.; jegirtin vt.
selected: bijare 0J \p
self-esteem §anazi ^jbU f.; serbilindi
00 00
selfish giktis evsene dj <\-4Aa 3 <Xj \ rijd j jj
selfishness gikusi f; evseneti f.
• • 00
self-respect: (pride) xiret oo>o. f; §anazi ^jbU f;
serbilindi f
self-respecting: (proud) serbilind
self-willed xweser
to sell firotin vt.
semen avik JUlS f
to send §andin jjjU vt.; hinartin vt.; r§
kirin ver ^ ^ ir i n vt.
•• ••
to send flying firandin ^3 vt.
senile herfi kaltime 4 ^^ IT m.&f.
• •
senior (eldest) serek -iiJoJ Am m.
sense: (reason, intelligence) aqil JjflS m.; Ki§ m.;
meji m.; sewda m.; fikir Pj f;
(feeling) hest c^Whis f. ; -to make s. [to s.o.]
k’etin ser§ fk-e vf;
• •
to sense: (to feel) hest kirin (yP owv«Whis
kirin (yPvt.; (perceive) fiesin vi.;
ditin qpp vt.
sensible maqdl Jj^L.
sensitive (touchy) sil P; (of sound) ziz I pj
sentence: hevok; (legal) Kuk’um ^pp m.\ daraz jljb
f.
sentinel nobetdar P^jAjp m.; qerewil J j 0 jaS in.
sentry nobetdar m.; qerewil Pjas m.
separate cih& £^^/cuda I ba§qe ojui b
• •
to separate (vi.) ji [hev] qetin (yP*S [d>Ajt]j vi.; (vt.)
veqetandin Qjjb^^' vt.; (wheat from chaff)
§kevik kirin qPPjaSP vt.; (woody fibers of flax,
etc., by beating) vejandin vt.
separated: -to be ~ from veqetin qP'ajaj vi.
separateness cudayi f
separation: (isolation, detachment) havibhn Q&p* ^
812
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
separatism cudaxwaz! £
mm
separatist cudaxwaz m.&f
September lion £
serene (calm) tena I baj ; fireqet
sergeant gawi§ m.
series (e.g., of attacks) p’§l Jl> £
sermon: gotar £; (Islamic) we’z £
serpent ziha l$jj m.
servant ben! I m.; pdgxizmet m.;
♦ ♦
xizmetk’ar ; xulam m.; qereba§!
m.; gawi§ jiujL. m.; pi§ek 5 ar jlfajj^o m.;
*«
(female ~) qerwa§ £; car! £
to serve (render service) qulix kirin vt.;
(be s.o.'s slave) xulamtiya fk -1 kirin
qJ' * * * vt.
service xizmet o <*-*>*• £; qulix £;
(military) vatini £
• •
servitude gaw!§! £; qulix £.; xulamt!
, f
s
sesame kune! m.
■ ■
set: (game) dest c-oj m.; (of clothes) qat ob m./f.
to set (fix, determine) k’if§ kirin qJ'jjS' vt.; (jewels)
quremi§ kirin vt.; (of wheat)
seridin ^ jja_ vi.\ (put, place) tekirin qJZj vt.
to set a trap tepike li ber fk -1 danan
(jUta... jaj J ^SbaJb Vt.; vedan q) vt.
to set fire to agir berdan jjjjaj Jb vt.
to set in motion livandin ^jjUJ vt.
to set on fire §ewitandin vt.
to set out (on a trip) re k’etin ^*aT fcj vi.
to set out after berdan dti jbj^ vt.; fbi] dii
k’etin [ v ] vi.; qesda ft -1 kirin
4 .1A-* as vt.
to set the stage for (prepare the way for, facilitate)
re xwe§ kirin vt.
to set up. (establish, found) damezirandin aJj
vt.; (to organize) Tekxistin vt.; ‘eyar
kirin jba^ vt.; (hold, a meeting) li dar xistin
(j^s. J j J vt.; (pitch a tent) vedan q) jaji vt.;
vegirtin vt.
setback (relapse) nekse a-Xaj f.
to settle (vi.) (birds, aircraft) veni§tin vi.;
(vt.) (a feud between 2 parties) a§t kirin c j^To-ib
vt.; fesla fk -1 kirin vt.
to settle down c! girtin ^J?^ vt.; bi c!
bUn vi.
settlement: (resolution of a feud) fesil J-~ai £
seven heft
seven hundred heftsed
aJJajfc
Vt.
seventeen hevdeh Aojiajfc
seventh (n.): ( 1 / 7 ) Keftek f.
seventh (adj.): Kefta Lsao-/heftem!n
seventy Keftd II
mm
to sever p’eritandin vt.; p’ekandin jjjlTau
vt.
severe fund jujJ ; dir jj; ttij j^j; no jp
Seville orange narinc ^ 5 jb f.
to sew dirfttin (jS 33 J j> vt.; gin!n vt.
sewer leqem pai<J f.
sewerman leqemg! ^^ajaJ m.
sex cins ^ 122.
sexy: (gorgeous) gurc!
♦ ♦
shack fiol Jjp*. f.; k’ox 222.
shackles qeyd juas f.
shade: si I ^ f.; s£ber f.; sihik II £; (shady
place) bindaruk f.
shadow si I ^ £.; seber sihik II /.
shady side (of mountain) nizar I jhp 222.; dubur
222.; zimank f.
shaft dox f; (of light) tirej f; (of plow)
mijane £; (on plow, connecting plow beam to
yoke) sermijank £
shaikh §ex m.
shaikhhood §exeti £
to shake: (vi.) Eejin vi.; lerzin vi.; kil II
bun vi.; ricifin vi.; (vt.)
dawe§andin jjjUojb vt.; kil II kirin vt.;
fiejandin ^jjlj-^vt.; we§andin vt.; (cause
to tremble) ricifandin vt.;
to shake out we§andin vt.
shaking (n.) (trembling) we§ j^o 3 £
shall (future marker for verbs) wd II ^
• •
shallot kixs £
shallow tenik Jjaj
shallowness tenikay! ^ 153 - 0 * £
shame §erm pjaj: f./m.; fed! £; 'fehdt
'et’ib £; sosret f; p’erda
4
rH ^ j bjaj /!; §ermezari £; (sense of “)
rh^j in.; -What a ~ ! mixabin ^b^
shamed fehetkar
shameless b§§erm pjaj: behetik cJb'ajfc^j
I •• ••
shamelessness b§§erm! ^ j ^ £
• • ■«
shape: (form) §ikil m.; te§e ajia:' f./m.; teva I Uaj
m.; form pjji /!; (appearance) qelafet o^aS m.;
dilqe «uJj 222.; -in bad s. bS ser h ber <43
shapely bejnzirav J»1 jaj
share: (portion, lot) behr I ^Aaj £; be§ I /./m.[2];
p’ay ^b f./m.; pi§k Jbj f.
813
s
shared (common) hevbe§ ji+Jub m.
shareholder pigkdar jhv&k m.; be§dar m.&f,
hevp’ar jIJ*a m.
Shariah (Islamic code of law) §er!et o f.
sharp tuj no jj; pij I (harsh, abrupt) dir jj;
tund xurt ; (clever) bi zihn
jShati serwext geleng <U (of
««
sound) ziz I jjj
to sharpen (whet) hestin vt.; sfitin vt.;
ttij kirin vt.; t’era§tin vt.
sharpness tuji (S j 3 y f; (cleverness) serwexti ( j^q 3J <x^
« • • •
f; (vehemence) tundl f.
• •
to shave: (cut hair) kur kirin vt .; qusandin
vt.; (to plane) darotin qJJjIj vt.; t’era§tin
j4j vt.
shaved kur IV ^T; p’orkur ^5^j.
shavings: qa§il m./f; (wood-) qir§ ^ m.
she bwjaS
she-ass mak’er f; k’era m§ f
*■
she-goat bizin q±> f.
she-wo If delegur 3j /.
sheaf: (of hay) xorim f; (large ~ of wheat) gl§e
f; gidi§ f; [see also qefil Ji«3 m. ]
shears (for shaving sheep) hevring Jj J*jt f; qilix II
&
m.
sheath (of sword) kalan <jVlTm.; qab I v ls /.; t’elk’eg
:.vr V
O' - ••
shed k’ox m.
sheep: pez m.; (female ~) m! I ^ f; (2-3-year-old)
♦ ♦
berdir ^ j j*j> f; (3 year-old) bija§t!r f; (3
year-old barren ewe) xamberdlr ^ jja^U. f; see
aiso ram.
sheep owner xwedlpez j 171.
sheep shears hevring Jj f ; qilix II m.
sheep trotters ser u p’e ^ 3 J( uu pi.;
♦ ♦
k’elle page <^b *JJ«Tf
sheepdogs se£d gurdx
sheepfold: (for milking sheep) beri I (sA> £ ; (nighttime
~) hevez jbiaj* f; hev§l m./f.
••
sheepmilking b§ri
sheet: (bedsheet) gar§ev OAj« j L. sipig’al f;
(of paper) p’er m./f; t’ebax II m./f; belg
m./f.
«
sheik —> see shaikh.
shelf ref II OOj f./m.
*
shell (rind, peel) qalik JJU f./m.; qa§il J-iU m./f.;
qelp II m.; tlvil m./f
to shell: (peel) qalik kirin vt.; (shower with
bullets) gulebaran kirin jb^J^f vt.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
shelling: (torrent of bullets) gulebaran
shelter nivan f; sit’ar jb^, £; te’lde m./f
to shelter Kewandin vt.; cl kirin o-^cr?'
h§wirandin (jJjljjiA vf.
shepherd §ivan m.
shepherding §ivantl f
««
sherbet (sweet beverage) §erbet f
shield mert’al f./m.
to shift: (vt.) ; (vi.) (turn, move) dagerln 1 j vi.
shin glp f; t’e§k JLicO' f
shine g’irusk f; rew§ £; §emal JLaji £;
§ewq f; tirdj £
to shine: (vt.) biriqandin vt.; g’irhsandin
vt.; teyisandin vt.; (polish
shoes) boyax kirin C y > 5^-L.jj vt.; siboq
kirin vt.; (vi.) oiriqln vi.;
birusm vi.; g’irusln vi.;
teyisln vi.; p 5 erleml§ biln
vi.; teys dan j)j vt.
shining (adj.) beloq ge§ juf ; rew§en ;
ron I /rohnl I
shining (n.) tlr§jyj^j- f
ship gemi f; ke§ti £
•• «>
shirking [of one's duties] xemsar
shirt kiras Jf m.; l§lik JIlj m.; qemls ^**+*5 m.;
qutik m.
shish-kebab k’ebab ^dS'm./f.
• ♦
shit gu ^ m .
to shit ritin q joj vt.
to shiver lerzln vi.
shivering (n.) ricaf oLj £
shock: (haycock, stook of hay) gidi§ u £o f; gl§e
£ ; lod f./m.
shoe: p 5 §lav f; sol f ; meras ^ m.;
qondere o JQ ^p f; (infant’s ~) p’aptlg’k JU^L f;
(leather peasant sandal) garox k’alik II
JUlTf ; kelej I j^JoTf.; (old, worn out) §ekal Jl5^
m.
to shoe (horse) nal kirin Jb vt.
shoelace §lrox £ ; ben m.
shoemaker solbend m.
shoestring §lrox f; ben ^ m.
to shoot teqe le kirin; (- an arrow) tlr av§tin
vt.; (a gun) t’eqandin vt.
shop dik’an f
shopkeeper dik’andar jl jjITj m.&f; 'etar jb^ m.
shore: (coast) p’erav o') j*»j f; l§v «JlJ f; (river bank)
kevl I ^aT/.; bar ii Jb f
••
shorn (shaved) kur IV
▼
814
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
short: kin ; kurt I ; (of stature) bejnkurt
oo ; (too ~, of rope) gurc II
short story kurteglrok £
shortage k§masi ^Lzf /kSmayi IT/.; (of food)
xela /.
shortcoming qusftr £; kemasi ^Llff
short-haired p’orkur jPjp
shortness kurtayi £; kinayi f
•• ••
shot: (syringe, needle) derzi j f; §irinqe <uLoX /.
shoulder mil J-* m.; Pil I J-i m.
to shoulder (a burden) hilgirtin vt.
shoulder blade pi I ^ m.; namil JJj £
♦ ♦
shout (noise) qireqir sewt
to shout qirin vi.; qtirin (jq&S vi.; lelandin
vt.
shouting qirin qhrin (jqsP /.
shove dehf III Ul& 0 j £
to shove dehf dan q)j oaoj vt.
shovel: (wooden) b§r jl> f; (iron) mer II £; (metal
~ for cleaning out fireplace) carht (snow ~)
befri berfmal jLij^ £
show (n.) t 3 ema§e «aL^ /.
to show ni§an dan jljjliwJ vt.; xuya kirin
vt.; raberf ... kirin qJ* ... vt.;
• «
to show up: (appear, come to light) t’ifiqin vi.\
xuyan I vi.
showing off paye I ajU £
shrapnel sagme <w>L £
shrewd: (cunning) §eytan
shrewdness fereset
▼
to shriek ktlrin vi.
shrill: (sound, voice) Ki§k ; ziz I jjj
shrine (place of pilgrimage) ziyaret aojlo j £/m.;
ocax f./m.
to shrink: (vi.) t’§kgtln vi.; gifvegun
vi.
shroud gar§ev £; k’efen m.
shrub: (bush) devi ^ j m./£; kem ^£.; k 3 ol III Jp'
f; t 3 era§ Iljil m./f.; t 3 tim ^ m.
shudder firk I girizok ApjJ'm.; teviz Ip*J f.
to shudder (vi.) veciniqin vi.
shut: (closed) girti ^; (of mouth) [dev]mtlg II
♦ ♦
to shut: (to close) girtin qj^ vt.; daxistin vt.;
(one's eyes) migandin qX> X vt.; damirandin
Vt.
to shut up: (lock) dadan jljb vt.; (be quiet) ker btln
shutter: (roll-down wooden ~) deTabe ajIjoj m./f.
s
shy. feh§tkar ; fehStok -to be shy
fedt kirin vt.; §erm kirin qJ' vt.;
-to be too * to do stg. rhy§ fk-§ nag[i]re
&53J [+ subj.]
•«
shyness fedi f.
sick nexwe§ nesax £L<o; bedKal JUj«u
sick and tired: -to be s. of stg. k’erixln vi.
sick with grief kulecergi
♦ ♦
sickle das £; (small ~) qalhng gijjJls m.
sickliness mon! f.
sickly mon ; p’epuk I
sickness nexwe§i nesaxi qeda
• • €•
1 ja 3 f./m.; zede aJoj f.
side ali 5 m.; hel II J. 1 a m./f.; k’elek JaIiT
♦ ♦
teni§t /!; teref m.; bir I m.; semt
▼
cucffl.; rex I m.; hindav *Jl f./m.; mil
J- -rn.;
qirax j f./m.; §eq m./f; (flank) p 3 al JU
f./m.; (of mountain) k’a§ II jilT/.; qunt’ar
f\
(of river) bar II jb lev ^XJ /.; -from all sides
garhilqe XjbjU.; garnikar jISjjU.; -to be on s.o.'s
side (to support, be in favor of) mela fk-e ser jft-T
hebhn ,,, '%* vi.
to side with s.o. [in a dispute] aliy§ fk-t girtin
(yJ... vb
sideburns ceynik /.
siege tower girpe m.
sieve: (winnow, fine s. for sorting grain) bejing JjjIj £;
mifsik X Ji* /.; (flour ~) moxil serad
j|j ‘W L
>
to sift moxil kirin Qjf vt.
sigh axin k’eser (deep, sad s.)
Kezing /.;
to sigh: (deeply) int’in vj.; Kezing k’i§andin
(£) Vt.
sight binahi /.; din I /.; (spectacle) t 3 ema§e
f.
sign 'elamet ni§an navni§an
jXX’b m./f.
signet ring mor II p’llat £
significance: (importance) giringf ^\ jf f; (meaning)
••
me’na /.; n§t oli £
significant berk’efti giring
silence b§dengi f \ miti C5 k, £
•• •• #4
silent bSdeng cSoj^j; mit ; ker II jaT
mm
silently teletel J dJ*jJ <sj
silhouette qeret’fl j^ojaS m./f.; re§ jioj m.
815
s
C 5
silk hevirmi§ jl* pojt m.\ herir m.; (silken
cloth) meles f.
silkworm kurm§ hevirmi§ <*jb j £ m .
silly p’tig’^
silo: (small s.) kewar jb*T f./m.
silver ziv <JL>j m.
silversmith zlvker m.
similar (+ to) wek mina L^; fena b *3 ; §iti II
; nola wekhev
simple asan ^Lb; hesa Lp&; sade ; riKet
xweru gengaz ; (naive) dilsaf oboJa;
xe§im sawilke ^SlLjL
simplicity sadeti f\ gengazi /
• ■ ••
simurgh semir m.
sin gune II <o m.
since: (time) ji ... ft vir de oj j; ewey ^* 5 ;
j§li I ^.j; jirki L5 Tpj;(reason) hemin hey
•• ■■
I madam jL
*• 1
since when? ma L
sincere dilp’ak JUj
sincerity dilp’aqiji ^j'LJ j /.; dilp’aki L5 StJ j f.
• • • •
sinew betan q\jaj 777.; Teh Jto J /.
sinewy g’ir II ^
sinfulness gunehk’ari f.
to sing stiran I ^ vt.; stranan gotin <jb 1
vf.; kilam gotin jjjf vf.; lelandin vf.;
(of partridges) xwendin vf.
to singe kuzirandin vf.
singed: -to be singed kuziryan o 4 .ji^ w.
singer: stiranbej _^Lp) m.; (poet) §ayir 777.;
(traditional bard) dengb^j j’LJjoj 772.; (leader of
dance songs) dilokvan jUS^L j 772.
singing (n.) lewxet o^<J /.;
single: (alone) t’ek 4 <u; (unmarried) azib ^jb m.
sink (basin): (bathroom s.) dest§ok f.
to sink: (vi.) binav bftn J>b^ vi.; roda
gftn ^33^. hp vi.; nizm bftn Q33->pP vi.;
xeniqin ^^3^ vi.; xerq bun vi.;
xeriqin vi.; (vt.) binav kirin
vt.; xerq kirin vt.
sinking (n.) xerq /.
sinner gunehk’ar jlSjbajjf m.
sip (gulp, swig, swallow) fir I p /
to sip fir 1 § dan jb p vf.; qurtandin (jjjbjp vt.
Sirius: (Canicula, Dog Star) gelavej f
sister xft§k Jxps /.; (married ~) zey! /
»•
sister-in-law: di§ /; (man's wife's sister) baltftz
/.; (brother's wife) bilk I .4^ /.; jinbira )
f; (wife of husband's brother) jint’i II /.;
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
(wives of 2 brothers) cayi f; (woman's
husband’s sister) zeyi £
• •
to sit rftni§tin vi.; (of animals) mexel
bftn/hatin vi.; (of camels) xiya
bun Q33j bp. vi.
situated mewcftd u, ; dani
««
situation dest ft dar jIj ^ 772.; rew§ Sal
JU. m.; Eewal Jb^ 272.; kawdan pi.
six §e§ (half-dozen) nivderzin f.
six hundred §e§sed <3
six-chamber rifle §e§xane /.; §e§derb
/:
six-shooter pistol (revolver) §e§ar jUdx: /.; §e§xane
§e§derb j a f.
sixteen [ 16 ] §anzdeh aojjjU
sixth (adj.) §e§a
sixth (n.): (1/6) §e§ek f.
sixty §est o— ^
size mezinahi /.; qeys f.\ (bulk, volume)
govek f.
to sizzle: (fry in butter or oil) qijilandin vt.
skein: (ball of yarn) gulok /.; peng I f./m.
skeleton qerqode oSpj<£ m.
skewbald (animal's coloring) qule
skewer bist I §i§ f.\ cax m.\ xi§t III
m./f.
skiff (small boat) qeyk f.
skill me’rifet f.\ hiner jt m./fr, fen qaj
m./f.; sen c et f.
skilled j§hati
-%
j
skillful ztx I
u
skimming ladle mifsik JuJu> f.
skin g’erm m.; (animal hide) kevil Jj<\T f./m.;
pist c*-*aj 277 .; (animal ~ used as receptacle) me§k
J-L<^ /.; (shell, rind) qalik JJU f./m.\ qa§il J-ib
m./f.', qelp II m.; tivil Jip- m./f.; (thin film
on milk) to Ip m.
to skin gurandin jjj)vf.
skin bag me§k <4^ f.
skinny jar I Jj; lawaz jb^ ; lexer narin
^jb; qels I zeyf Uiso j; zirav I <JbJ» C’i r
II ^
▼ •
skirl: (shrill sound) gimin f.
skirt: (of coat, mountain) damen m.\ dav/1 3 b
/.; p’§§ II f
skittish: -to be ~ (of horses) quloz btin jp^ vi.
skull kilox >^1^277.; qehf Ul&as m.\ k’elle II *11*5" 777 .
sky 'ezman i qL m./pl. ; §argeh
skylight k’ulek f.; rojin qjSj p’ace ^b f.
816
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
slab: (stone ~) sel m.\ ferg jijAi lat tat I
ob' /
slack (loose) sist
slackness sisti
• •
slander §er II _,cJl m.; 'ewan! gilt’ax /.;
altaxl ^UlS qumsiti nebtlyi
«• «•
pi. ; newey! pl.\ nemami ,-oL<o /.
•« •« „
to slander qumsiti kirin vt.\ §er
««
av§tin ser vf.
slanderer altax ^IxJIj m.; Kevsfid m.\ qumsi
U*>*33 m.; nemam pLdj m.
slandering (adj.) hetikber j^Sj><sjt ; (n.) qumsiti
••
slandersome Revsild
slanted: (at an angle) l§g v&l Jls; (uneven) nerast
V
slap sile dj^ /; §imaq jLi; /
to slaughter: (livestock) veku§tin vt/,
gurandin vt.;
serjekirin jb?Jj^/§erj§kirin vt.
slaughterhouse qesebxane dj <x^y dj' /
slave bende ajj<u m.; beni I m.; 'evd m/,
kole dJ^T m.; hesir I m.\ misexir
m.\ qerebagi ^Lojdj m.\ (female) cari £
•• ••
slave owner koledar J m.
slavery xulamti L5 ^.'^ /
• •
sled: (timber sled) parx§l J 1aJj £
sledge: (wooden threshing ~) kam I plT £
sledgehammer geran II j \j*f m.\ mire m -
sleep xewjo. £
to sleep rak’etin jidilj vi.; nivistin vi.;
Tazan j)jlj vi.; (contemptuous) pergifin
s
Vi.
sleeping in t8§texew £
sleeping late te§texewjd^<uiCo £
sleeping mat do§ek d-juijj £
sleepyhead xewar m.
sleeve hugik A^Jt /An.; mil 0 L m/, zend[ik]
£/m.\ qol I Jji m.\ -hanging ~ lewendi
jJoftdJ £
-XJ Oi 1 .
««
slender zirav I nazik JjU
slenderness ziravi £
slice: §eq jdji m./£; teli§ I J<o' m.; (small piece)
gepek /; (of bread) pari ^jb m.; (large ~ of
• t
bread) loq I qA m./£
to slide: (slip, stumble, of foot) teKisin ^-o-djvi.;
§emitin vi .; §iqitin vi .; ra§iqitin
j^jJLilj vi.; -to cause to ~ §emitandin jAiludj; vt.
slightly sivik sivik JjuJUL*
slim jar I jlj; lawaz jl/y ; lexer J; narin qjjU;
qels I *s; zeyf oboj; zirav I bl jj
sling (for throwing stones) kevirkan m.
to slink away (sneak away) shrikin vi.
to slip (foot) tehisin §emitin vi.;
§iqitin vi.; Ta§iqitin vi.; -to cause
to ~ teKisandin vt.; §emitandin U-*d^
vt.
slipknot xilf £
slipper §imik JLi mes I /.; p’apUg’k
f; (rag s., peasant shoe) kelej I jiJaT/.; (primitive
goatskin moccasin) Te§ik II Jjioj £
slippery §ematoki *tehesok
slipshod sist o—
slit derz j Jd j /.; qeli§tek Jdj^J^i /.; terk I Jj*j £
to slither xu§in vi.
slithering xu§Tn /.
sliver pij I ^ m.
slobber girez ava dev <j<o U'lJ /.; t’if oix
t’uk II J35J /.
slope berp’al J Ljdj /.; berwar m.//!; p’al JL
/./m.; k’a§ II Ji IT terazin xwaray!
(mountain ~) defa g’iye Uoj ;
qunt’ar /.; p’e§ II juIj sing m.;
§ax /.An.; (downhill ~) ni§iv m.;
jordani m.; (uphill ~) jiheli m.;
hevraz jl m./f.
sloping: (~ downward) leg pZJ
sloppiness mirdari ^ /
sloppy b§ ser h ber
• •
slovenliness mirdari j /; qirdjayi £
••
slovenly gepel
slow h§di giran I (s.-witted) sersar jLjdu,
slow moving: (person) destgiran ^T«^oj
slow-witted sersar jLj
slow-wittedness sersari ^Ljcu*, £
• •
to slug (hit, strike) Tepandin q jjLoj vf.
sluggish destgiran jl(of water) peng II J 3 <u; -
to be ~ (of rivers) qerimin j^jdi vi.
to slurp (while drinking) fir kirin J vt.
slush lelav J^lJ /; §ilop’e d^Ii /.
slut qalt’ax
sly ava bin ka§ lab; pig ^ m.
slyness delk’ dJoj /; fen jdj m.TF.
smack: (slap) sile dj^ /; §imaq jLJ: /.
small pig’Hk \ g’Ug’ik I qieik d^;
g’uk II hhr I
*
small change hiirik Aj&a m .; p’erfi htir m.
817
s
small of the back qorik djp f.
small shot (buckshot) sagme f.
smallness pig’ftkayi j.1/.; hfirayi f.
Ai it
smallpox xurik Xf.
smart 'aqil I Jj’U; aqiljir jjjJj'b; aqilmend jjA^Jib;
aqiltij bi zihn jaj v ; zix I £>j;
bi f@m ; jir serwext c*iojj*u;
(neat, chic) ke§xe a^aT
smart-aleck zimandirej Kur ^
to smash pergiqandin (jjJbbwjAj vf.; heri§andin
vi.; feli§andin (jjjbJAi vt.
to smear dfttin j>; vt.; seyandin (jjjLa^ vt.;
sewax kirin ^a-, vt.; (butter on bread)
tedan (jljJj vt.
smell bin I 0 ^ (putrid ~) kureder
to smell: (to perceive the odor of stg.) bin poz§ ffc-e
k’etin ^ vi.
««
to smelt biho§tin j^# vt.; Kelandin jAi^A^ vt
§arandin vf.
smile k’en ^aT222.
to smile bi§kurin vi.; girnijin jjJJ X vi.;
be§i§in vi.; k’enin jJaT vi.
smith: (blacksmith) hesinger ja£L*aa m.; Kedad j 1 jas.
m.; nalbend jJaJI: 222.; solbend ajaJj^ 222.
smoke dti IV m./f(; (chimney thick ~) dtik’el
Ja 5 ^j f./m.; kadu^jlT f.; (thick ~) t’elp ^JaJ 222.
to smoke: (cigarettes) cixare k’i§andin qj^IXoX o. vt.;
vex war in j^I^aS' vt.
smokehole rojin jjgj f.
smoking-pipe qelftn j^a* f.
smooth hilft I ^ 1 *; pehn I jaaj
to smother xeniqandin (jjjUiAi. vt.; fetisandin
^jjLja* vt.
smut: (disease of wheat) korik dX f.
snack: (cracked nuts) kakil JSTT m./f.
snaffle (of horse’s bridle) gem ^X f.
snail guh§eytan a^a^/.; hiseynok d^y^jt f;
§eytanok dyX.^ 222.; -to go at a ~’s pace (move
very slowly) bi rSvagtina k’tisi r@ gtin
013 ^- (j$J Lf u '3S$'^3&: V1 -
•• •«
snake mar I jL 222.
to snap: (vt.); (vi.) bizdin jj jjj vi.; pigan vi.;
qetin J-J AS Vi’.
to snap off (cut off) jekirin qJZJ vt.; qetandin ^ Aid as
vt.
snapping: (with fingers) fitik II JjcJ f.
snare dav I Jf )j {.; telhe a$Ja 2 tepik I dodo f;
xefik JUas f.
snarling m if emir f.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
sneak (stealthful person) qumsi m.
to sneak away surikin vi.
sneakily [bi] dizika IsSjj [ v ]; teletel J a3 aJ aJ
sneaky xewle aJ 3 a^
to sneeze behnijin jjJa$L; vi.; hdnijin j^jaIa vi.;
pdkijin jjjil i vi.; sebr hatin jjIa _^a-* vi.
sniveling (n.) vinge-ving Xd Xd f.
to snort (grunt) miqandin vt.
snot: (mucus) g’ilka poz jjjlSlU; gilm 212.; fi§ jj
222.; kilmi§ ja^IT m./f.; lik dd f.
snow berf ojA^/befir _^a> f.; (crisp, frozen ~) kur§e
aa X f-'> (melting ~) l§lav d'td f.; (~ mixed with rain)
§ilop’e ajJ-U xilolik I cdJidi f.
to snow barin I qo_jI>
snow shoe kelle I aJJaT/.; llyan II ^LJ f./m.
snow shovel befri ^^jaj /.; berfmal JLijAj f.
• •
snow white qerqa§ jib jaj; gll-sipi J-o.
snowdrift §ape I ajU /!
snowdrop ( Gaianthus nivalis) pfvok ii
snowstorm bager jdL f.; bakuzirk d^j^SL f-/m.;
bami§t
snuff birmat f
so: (so much, that much) ewqas ewqedr
jJasjaS; hind j^a ; (thus) wer J0J ; wiha La 3 ; wilo
idy> wisa Lj
so long as Beta Ija^. ; madam p)jL
so many hind j^a /hinde oj^la; hilqeys j^ aaIa
so much ewqas ^UjaS; haqas ^ULa; ewqedr jj a^aj;
hind a-la /hinde oj^la; hilqeys ^ aaIa
so that (in order that) Keta [+ko + subj.]; t’a IV b
[+ko + subj.]; bila ^ conj. [+ subj.]; da II 1 j conj.
[+ subj.]; deqene a 3 ajoj conj. [+ subj.]; weki
[+ subj.]
soaked xerq
soaking wet §ilopil JjJ-U ; ter h telis U ^J aJj j Aj
so-and-so behvan (jUaaj ; filan <j 4 i; filankes
soap sabhn f.
to sob bihecin j^>.a^ vi.
sobbing (n.) vinge-ving Xd Xd f.
social civak!
society civak /.; (association) civat oU=*- f-
sodomy (derogatory term for homosexuality) qfineki
soft nerm pjAj; §irin (of voices, sounds) zirav 1
soft-boiled [egg] dilme aJj
softly hedi ^aIa
»•
softness nermi ^jaj f.; §Mni f; (of voice,
•• ••
sounds) ziravi ^‘1 j £
818
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
soil: (dirt, earth) ax xwell (rich ~ on
river bank) gewlfk cii-JjAa. f.
soiled (dirty) gepel gemari ; p’is
qir§j Sit*; qilgr ; mirdar ; dijfin II
; r§vin kemSl -to be ' lewitin
I vi.
solace t’esel! a-a; /.
«•
soldier serbaz jbjA-* m.; esker jaSLaj m.; le§ker
jaS 2 *aJ / 72 .; nefer jasa //m.; (Kurdish freedom
fighter) p6§merge a^a^ 1 > m.&f.
sole (adj.): t’ek /.
sole (n.): (of foot) bin6 ling JjJ ^l> m.; panka pe
£jIS 5 L (of shoe) binp’i Ls ^ f.
solid: (firm, strong) melikem ^aS^a, ; teyax £b aj; Teq
II joj; (of [flint]stones) qesp II
solitary xewle aJja^.
solitude t 5 en@ti /!; t’ekti ( jS<x 3 f.
solution: (remedy) g’are ojL. gareser j a-*o jlo-
Kel Ja* m.; himmet f.
to solve gareser kirin qJ' ja~ 0 j L. vt.; hel kirin
oJl)*** vt.; -s. a problem mesele qedandin
(jAjljAJ aJ vt.;
some gend av; hin ^pb/hine Iaca; hinek Jot;
somebody bejnek JaJa>; hinek Ja^a; k’es ^aTtu.
someone bejnek JaJja>; hinek Jala ; k’es m.
somer (unit of weight) somer f.
sometimes carcaran (jljU- X; carina bjU-; hindek
caran jljLw Jojoa; geh II aaT
somewhat gendek Jojja*
r
son kur II j^Tm.ilawj^ m.; gede oj>of m.
son of a bitch t’eres j Aj 777 .
song: stiran I j)/.; kilam leylan
(lament) baci ^b; (short ~) dtirik J^j /.; (dance,
lyrical, or love ~) dilok Jj-L j f; (dance ~) dilan
j /!; (war ~) §er I ja 2 m.
sonhood kurti II (jjf { ■
■ «
son-in-law [pi. sons-in-law] zava U)j m.
soon zd hema Laa
soot: dti IV j3j m./{\ (thin layer) ddk’el Ja 5 ^j f./m.;
(thick layer) tent *5 f.
to soothe ber dile fk-G hatin a§t
••
kirin qj? oUb vt.; Kewandin jjjljA* vt.;
’edilandin vt.
sophisticated: (worldly) dinezan j 1 _>X
sorcery s$r I JL*, t; efsdni f.
•«
sore (adj.) kul I JX te§ene
sore (n.): ; (in armpit) Keftdzk Ji^A>. /.; (~on horse’s
back) cedew f.
sorghum iale aJI t f.
s
sorrel (adj.) (color of horses) §§ ££
sorrel (n.) tir§o jpi m.
sorrow derd jjoj m.\ hesret oo^*,aa xem ^Ai
xemgini ^yX-Ai. /.; jan j)j k’eder jojaT/!;
«•
mirdz m.; zeldli f.\ (regret)
p’o§mani /.
sorrowful kovan jUgT
sorry: (regretful) p 5 o§man jL^j/pe§iman
p’or d p 5 o§man 3 _^ v ; -to feel sorry for
gunehe xwe le anin {J ^ vt.
■■ *i
sort: (kind, type) cins m.\ cdre oj^ m.\ Teng
cidoj 777.
v
to sort out (e.g., stones from rice) §kevik kirin
vt.; veqetandin ^juLtaja? vt.
SOS [=Save Our Ship]: (call for help) hawar jIjIa f.
soul can I jU. m.\ Tuh Ajj m./f.
soul snatcher ruhistin m.
sound (adj.) saxlem ^aU-L
sound (n.) deng I m.; sewt oj«u (vague ~)
pejin qjIj f.; (rattling, clanking) §ingin f.
to sound: sewt dayin oj«u vt.; to s. like deng
dan q) j Jaoj vt.
soup §orbe Aj^-i f; (of dew and cooked wheat) mehtr
j»jfcAj f.
sour tir§ (mildly tart) miz II
sour cherry belaluk XJ'Vaj f.
sour orange narinc ^jb f.
sour plum §ilor f.
source g’avkani ^ISjU. jeder jojuJ m.; kani I
^IT/.jkan jlTf.; selef <3 aJa~ m.; mak JL f.
«•
sourness tir§ayi ^ 3 * /.
south ba§ur f./m.; cendb ni§iv
777.
sovereignty serweri ^jojja-. /.
sow (female pig) mahdj^L f.
to sow: (plant seeds) gandin vt.
sown field k’ew§an ^UjaT 772.
space (gap, interval) navbiri c ^>^'b f.
««
spacious berfireh fireh
spade metirke a 5^3 a^ f./m.; tevir m./f
spades (in card games) mage aX qeremag ^LojaJ
777.
span: (unit of measure) bost ^ (s. of outstretched
arms, fathom) qulag 5 f.
spare: (extra) berdest II
to spare h§v§andin jj jLxaIa vt.; (rescue) qurtar
kirin jb^y vt.
spark pe§k III JUaj p 5 §t pirlsk f.;
g’irtisk f.
819
s
to sparkle biriqin q-J vi.; birilsin vi.;
g’irtisin vL; teyisin vi.; teys dan
jlj Vt.
sparring: (verbal ~) §eredev JfoJoj^ f.
sparrow beytik m.; g’uk I m./f.\ gunce§k
m.
spasm teviz I J*3 f.
to spatter: (vi.) geliqin ^jddo* vi.
spawn (fish roe) xerz Jjas m.
to speak axaftin Q^iU-b vi./vf.; dey kirin qJ'
vt.; deng[e xwe] kirin qJ\ £.]$Joj vt.; peyivin
• •
vi • j mijhl dan vt.; xeber
dan Mi vt.; qise kirin <uj' vt.; §or
kirin C ^ > T jp: vt.; §taxilin vi.;
(of animals, in folktales) deng gtin vi.
to speak about beEsa/beEs§ ft-i
kirin vt..;
qala ft-i kirin jX-Xb vt.
speaker (spokesman) peyivdar m.&f.
speaking (talk) qise <w> f.
spear ni§tir m./f.; Tim ^ m./f.; nize ojp /.;
cerid j o /.
■. -* •
spearhead zerg XoJ f./m.
special t’aybeti
««
specialist pispor ; §areza 1 jo jLi
specialization §arezay£ ^IjojU
species cins m.; dol I Jjj /.
specimen nimftne m.
speckled: (ears, of goats) taq jb
spectacle (show) t 5 ema§e Ldj f.
spectacles: (eyeglasses) berg’avk m./pl.;
g’avik JL'JU. /.
spectator n§revan jU'o>l3 m.
speech: (talking) gill I L Jf m.; lavz jb'V m.; qise <w> /.;
qewl Jj m./f.; zar I jlj m.; zarav J>1jlj m.;
(oration) gotar jb^f /.; (muffled ~)
vinge-ving Xi' Xs /.
speed lezti /.
to speed (vi.) revin ^Jio j vi.
to speed up (vt.) lezandin vt.
speedily reve-rev Ooj <\ 3 > 0 J
speedy (horse) qule
speedy recovery selameti f.
spell: (magic s., incantation) isme s§r§ ^ Ill »
to spend: (time) bihurandin vt.; derbaz
kirin c y > T jLj*a vt.; (money) mezaxtin
vt.; serf kirin qX vt.
sperm avik JUb f.; dol I Jjp /.; tov J£j m.; t’oxim
m.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
sphere: (ball, circle) govek /.
spice derman ^Ljoj m,
spiciness tftji f.
««
spicy tftj j^; dijwar jljjj; sor jjp,
spider pirhevok /.; pirik /. [4]; pir
f. [ 4 ]; t’evnpirk X~*dj /.; dapiro§k Xj^ob
f.; pSrtevink £; p’indepir f.
spike: (ear, of corn) simbil I J_^u. /.; (stake) sing I X*
m.
to spill (vt.) r§tin I vt.; rijandin vt.;
lekirin qP/J vt.; To kirin jXjj v-t.; (vi.) rijin
CrX vi ‘
spin: (walk, stroll) fitil JjJ /.; ger II jXf.
to spin: (vt.) zizikandin vt.; (wool) r§stin
vt.; (wool; web of spiders) ragandin
vt.
spinal column mezmezk m./f.
spindle t’e§i ^*3 f./m.; dox /.
spine mezmezk m./f.
spinning top zivirok JjX f
spiral zivirok Xb'j f.
spirit: (soul) can I jU- m.; Tuh m./f.
to spirit away berza kirin c y > f 1 vt.
spirits: (mood) be§er I f.; -to be in bad
~ xwe xistin vi hali Ji vt.
••
spiritual leader §ex ^ m.
spit: (saliva) see spittle; (skewer) bist I c~o /.; §i§
f.
to spit t’if kirin ^ ur; vt; t’u kirin 3p vt
spite zikre§i ^oX f.
• •
spiteful zikre§ X
spittle girez ava dev ooj U'b /.; t’if Uu /.;
t’dk II /.; lik JLJ f.
to splash: (vi.) geliqin vi.; p’ekin vi.;
(gently) xu§in vi.
splashing xu§in f.
to splatter p’ekin ^ vi.
spleen dedik Jjuj f.; fatere§k Xoj<oli /.; teEel
xalxalk JJbJU- /./m.
splendid §ane§in
splendor sentenet 0<*J A-44T /!
splinter pij I m.; qir§ j* m.; p’erge m./f;
teli§ I m.
split (adj.) terk I Jj<=u ; teriki I ^*3; -to be ~ in half
§iqitin vi.
split (n.) derz JJOJ f/y qeli§tek /.; terk I
Jjdu' f.; ti§ I /.
to split: (vt.) qela§tin vt.; qeli§andin
jjjbJdii vt.; derizandin jjJljjoJ vt.; p’ekandin
820
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
vt.; t’eqandin jjjUcO* vt\ (vi.) bizdin
vi.; pigan jU; W .; qetin ^*3 vi.; t’eqin
vi.; terikfn I vi.; derizin ^j J0 j vi.;
p’eqfn vi.; qeli§!n vi.; (in half)
§iqitin v-i.
to spoil: (vi.) Kerimin vi.; fesidin vi.;
(vt.) t’Skdan jljii: vt.; p’ftg’ kirin vt.
spoiled: (pampered) beradayi (ruined) p’ug’
^33^; -to be spoiled (of food, water) Kerimin
s
u±
VI.
spoils: (booty) cerd I /.; t’alan m./f.;
extirme ^ f.
spoke (of wheel) qazux ^jb m./f.
spokesman peyivdar m.&f.
sponge: (parasite) k’edxwar
sponging (adj.) (parasitic) k’edxwar m.
spool: (of thread) mashr m.
spoon: k’efgi m.; (wooden ~) gemgik
• ft
spot: (place) c! ^ m.; der I joj /.; dever I jb'oj
♦ ♦
dews erdim ^JL 5 /.; §tin mek’an
jlS*-. m.; (blotch) xal II JL. f.; deq joj /; (stain)
leke aTJ £
spotted: (stained) lekedar jb*f<J; (ears, of goats) taq
d b
spout (of water jug) lulik f.
to sprawl out velezin qjJ <J vi.
to spread (vt.) (grain) raxistin vt.;
(butter on bread) tedan vt -’
(disease, by contagion) vegirtin qj vt.;
(diffuse, publicize) we§andin vt.;
(vi.) (of a disease) te§ene bun vi.
to spread out (vt.): dirdj kirin qJ' vt.;
(rug, on floor) raxistin j vt.;
(stg., on ground) razandin vt.
spreading (n.) (of a disease) te§ene <0 f.
spreading floor (for drying grapes into raisins)
mi§tax f.
spring: (season) bihar jl# /.; (source) g’avkanl ^ylSSL.
• #
f; kani I /.; selef m.; sere ave;
(leap, hop) firqas J f.
to spring geng III btin vi.; pengizin
vi.
springtime bihar jl# f.
to sprinkle d§randin jjjl vt.; re§andin vt.
spruce (tree) kac ^-(T /!; merx f.
spur rik’§b
to spur on: (drive, urge on) xurin III vt.;
[a horse] rik’eb kirin j J'^Sj vt.;
xurandin vt.; zengfl kirin vt
spurious qelp I
sputum t’if ott t’uk II - 4 ^' f.
i
spy sixur ^ m.; destkis m.&f.
to spy cesisandin vt.
spyglass dhrbin £
spying destkisi
L5 -
.Cv
f.
squadron (air force) ref I ooj m./f.; (military) tabtir
f.
square: gargik J /.; (box, cell) malik JJL f.;
(town ~) meydan q\^<^ f
squash: (zucchini) kundir f./m.; gindor f;
kulind aJ/ m.; (unripe ~) xirtik I £
to squash pergiqandin vt.; p’ekandin
vt.
to squat qelefiski rflni§tin vi.
• •
to squeak g’irin vi.
squeaking (n.) girke-girk Jf./m.
squealing (n.) vinge-ving Jj$ f.
to squeeze guvagtin vt.; dewisandin jjjLjaJ
vt.
to squint gav qig kirin dU- vt.
squint-eyed qig §a§ I jiU
squinting qig
squirrel siwhri f./m.; sencab f.
• •
stable (adj.) tena ls«0'; teyax tamf§
stable (n.) borxane f; stewl m./f.;
t’ewle f; pange /.;
extexane f.; k 5 ox m.
stableman seyis I HI .
stack lod jyJ f./m.; (agricultural) xerman ^jLj^ m.;
(of grape leaves, etc.) texe f.
staff: (stick, rod) go ^ m./f; gogan m.; gomax
m.; gopal JLyT m.; §iv >_ f.; (wooden)
§ivdar Jaaa f.
stag (male deer) §ivir m.
stage: (phase) qonax f./m.; (of a trip) qonax £bys
f./m.; menzil f; (of theater) §anoy:U f.
to stagger: (reel, totter) licimin vi.
stagnant (of water) peng II
stain: (spot) leke *S*J f.
stained: (spotted) lekedar JjaSaJ
staircase derenc f./pl.; nerdewan f;
p’Slegan f -> P’^peling f./m.;
p’estirk J f.
ii V
<t L
821
stairs derenc giojoj f./pl.; nerdewan
p’Slegan jlfkllj p 5 6peling f./m.;
p’Sstirk /.
& •• y
stake: (tent ~) gixin m.; sing I m.;
qazux ^jb m./f.
stale t’is! C5 «j
99
staleness t’isiti f.
99
stalk: (straw ~s left after harvest) qesel m./f.
stall: (sty, pen) axur m./f
to stall (vi.) (automobile) temirin
stamen nerik f.; qivar jUj» f
stamp: (seal) mor II /.; p’ilat o^L>. f
stance: (comfortable ~) semt m.; fesal JL*i f.
to stand: rawestan jbu-o , 3 )j vi.; sekinin c j^T‘Uv vi.;
(withstand, bear, endure) teyax dan ^b^yvt.;
tami§ kirin qX vt.
to stand still: (be calm) Kewhan ^Iaj^ vi.;
Tehet sekinin o^oj vi.
to stand up rabtin ser xwe oy± j<\~w j Vi.
standard-bearer beyraqbir ^>*0 m .;
b&raqdar jIasI m.
standing ji piya L> j
standing on end (erect, bristling) girj jX
stanza (of poetry) malik JJL /.
stapes zengfi ^ oj /.
star ster f.
stark naked §ilf tazi ^boLU
starling re§§lek f.\ alik dJb; garanik
/.; zerzur f.
start: (beginning) destpSk f.; ser I j<u* m.
to start (begin) dest p6 kirin qX ^ vt.; (be
startled) tertilin vi.; veciniqin vi.
starting from ji ... de oj,„ j
startled: -to be ~ tertilin vi.; veciniqin
vi.; vebehin vi.
starvation xela f.
to starve deliyan ^LJoj vi.
state: (of affairs, condition) dest u dar J\ J j J I 22 « j
rew§ Jijoj /!; Kal JL. m.; Kewal m.;
kawdan ^I^IT pi.; k’§f <JlS /.; mere I /./m.;
(sovereign nation) komar jLjf /.; dewlet /.
to state diyar kirin qX X . J vf.
statement: (written) beyanname /; daxuyani
^byib f.
station istgeh f; menzil f
statue heyk’el m./f.; peyker jX.^.
stature bejn j /.; qam ^.b /.; qedqamet /.
statutes: (regulations) desttiLr /
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
to staunch: (flow of water) g’ikandin II vf.;
mig’iqandin ^ vt.
to stave off (prevent) p§§iya fk-S girtin
t yJ... kkk vt.-, p§§i IS birin ^ ^urk vt
«i ••
to stay (remain) man jL vi.
to stay alive man jL vi.
to stay behind para man 'A vi.
to stay out: -staying out all night (of young men)
§eveder
stead: (place) dews /.; §tin f.
steady teyax ^boj; tami§ b
to steal dizin q >jj vt.
to steal away (vi.) (sneak away) sflrikin vf
stealthily [bi] dizika lSS jj [ v ]
steam hilm ^Ia /.; dtlk’el J^j /./m.
steel pola ^ m./i!; (~ for swords) deban ^boj m.
steelyard qeynt’er f.
stem bingeh a*Co f.
stench kureder j0 j ojX f
step: (pace) gav Jlf/i; pengav £; §op £;
(rung of ladder) hewq nerdewan q\j ^
to step gav av§tin ^la'b <Jlf vt.; qedimin vi.
stepbrother zirbira 1 ^>jj m.
stepchild nevisi m.&f.
99
stepdaughter kegKeli qizKili /.;
nevisi C5 J'«u /.
••
stepfather bavmari ^jU'b m.; zirbav m.
••
stepmother d§mari ii; jinbav «jLij /!;
••
zirdayik JLuljjj /.
stepmother-in-law zirxesd f.
steppe best de§t c-^oj ii; rast o.Jj gol
stepping-stone bazeber j^^jb £/m.
steps: (staircase) derenc f./pl.; nerdewan
f.; p’^peling /./ 122 .; p’gstirk
/
•• V
stepsister zirxweh /.
stepson kurfiili m , ; nevisi ^ J m.;
• • ••
mozik I m .
sterile b£ber xir§ ; bfrweg b@zuret
•• ••
; (of animals) stewir
sterility b§zureti o ; (of animals) stewri ^ u s <^
•• «•
f.
stern dir jj
*
stew (vegetable ~ in earthenware pot) metfini f->
•«
(vegetable ~) tir§ik f.
stick: (staff, rod) go m./f.; gogan jli m.;
gomak m.; gopal Jbjfm.; §iv f;
kevezan m.; metreq ; (wooden -)
822
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
dar II j)j m.; §ivdar jIaaJ (straight wooden
pole) rot ci, in.; (stake) qazux m./f.;
-sticks and twigs qir$ [ft qal] Jb 3 Jl js m.
to stick: (glue, paste) zeliqandin jjjUJoj vt.;
p§vekirin j vt.; pevenan jb^ vt.;
(thrust, insert) k’utan jb^T vt.; g’ikandin I
vt.; dag’ikandin vt.; fie§ikandin
vt.; nig’ikandin jjjlSij vt.
to stick in (insert) tdkirin jjj&r vt
sticking out (protruding) bel J*,; girj ; qi§t
qund jJy>; rep V oj
'stickler' (one who sticks to the rules) soft I 4 m.
sticky g’ir II ^
stiff (hard, firm) Teq II joj; (erect, of penis) rep v o y, -to
become ~ tevizin jjjjAj vi.
to stiffen (vi.) tevizin vi.
still (adv.): he ; hila II Ya ; disa Ljj ; -still more
hina L^a
••
to sting p6 vedan jb<b vt.; (to the quick)
hingaftin ^1 Sjj* vi.
stinger jene <*j 0 j f.
stinginess gikflsi f.; rijdi f.; tima Lj /.
stinging nettle gezgezok f.
stingy k§m ihsan jL^w gikfis <^44 ; girtik
rijd jj \y, tima Lj
stink kureder jo jo/.
stinking geni
stipulation (condition) mere I^-j^ £/zn.; §ert o
m./f.
stir: (commotion) k’eft d left J 3 oJaT /!
to stir: (vi.) (to budge, move) livin I j4Jvi.;
leqin vi.; lipitin vi.; ji ci liejin
(yj**- ^ jvi.; (vt.) (cause to budge, move)
livandin jjjUJ vt.; leqandin jjjbJ vt.;
lipitandin jj jLJ vt.; (mix) li hev
xistin «Ja$J vt.; (mix, of solid things made
liquid by stirring) §§lan vt.
to stir up: dawe§andin jjjLojIj vt.; tekil kirin
vt.; (to provoke, incite) azirandin jjjljjb
vt.; t’Skdan j1j£j vt.
stirring (movement) lipat oU f
stirrup zengtl ^>oj /.; rik’Sb ^40 /.
stirrup-bone zengd f.
stitch kel II JlT /.; dirwar jljjj f.
to stitch dirtitin vt.
stockings zengal Jldoj /.
to stockpile nijandin vt.
stomach zik Jj m.; (lamb or goat's ~) fir§ik f.
stomach ache navdg , j2bb /.
s
stone ber III joo m.; kevir m.; kug 5 m.\ (little
~) zuxr m.; (of fruit) dendik f.; sisik I
f.; (precious ~, on ring) qa§ jib f.
stone marten kfl§k m.; kflze oj^/.
stone slab sel J<u* m.; tat I ob f.
stook: (shock, haycock) gidi§ f; gi§e *J~f f.; (of
corn) lod jjJ f./zn.
stool: (4-cornered s. covered with blanket, under which
brazier with coals is placed for warming feet) k’ursi
f./m.
••
to stoop (bend over) kuz bun ^vi.; tewin
vi.
stooped over: (of back) xtiz j^S-
stop (on a trip) menzil Jjjja^. f; sekin f.
stop! (quit doing stg.) bes I [+ imperative]
to stop: (vi.) sekinin vi.; rawest an j
vi.; westan II q /westin vi.; (to cease)
ji ... rabUn j vi.; t’erkandin jjjl
vt.; dev j§ berdan jijj«o Joj vt.; qeran jlj^s
vt./vi.; dest je k 5 i§andin jjuUi" fej o— ojvf.;
■ ■
hi§tin vt.; (to let up, of rain) vedan j) j*#
vt.; (to ~ for the night, lodge) Kewin vi.;
hewirin vi.; (to cause to stop) (vt.)
sekinandin jjuLT*-* vt.; rawestandin jjjL-ojIj
vt.; ragirtin {y JSj vt.;bersing girtin
qSj 1 Xy^j^vt.; relegirtin vt.; (staunch
flow of water) g’ikandin II vt.;
mig’iqandin vt; (vi.) (flowing, of water)
«
g’ikin vi.; mig’iqin vi.
to stop up (plug up) xitimandin jjjLja. vt;
pengandin vt.
stopping (prevention) relegirtin f-
stopping place sekin f.; war j) 3 m.
storage place: (for baggage) barxane «jU.jL f.
storage shed k’ox ^ m.
store: (shop) dik’an jbb f.;
(supply, reserve) zexire /.
to store ‘embar kirin qJ' vt.; p’arastin
(jJL-ljb Vt.
storehouse ’embar f.
storeowner dik’andar jIjjISj m.&f.
storeroom 'embar jL~.ap f.
stork legleg Iiacire§k «JLiof.
storm bager j^fb /.; bahoz j^aL /.; barove
tofan jlijj f.
to storm gujeguj kirin vt
stormcloud hecac p’elte ajJaj f.
stormy dir jj
story (floor of a building) qat ob m./f.
823
storm bager joSL /.; bahoz /.; barove aSjjL /.;
tofan <jUp /.
to storm gujeguj kirin vt.
stormcloud hecac p’elte £
stormy dir jj
story (floor of a building) qat ols m./f.
story (narrative) serhati Aj<u* f; g’irok
«*
Kekyat oLT*a. f.; mesel /.; neqil Ji«*J /.;
qise <uj /.; riwayet o-oljj £; (epic) destan
/.
storyteller g’irokbej m.&f.; iiekyatgi ^«jLf*3
««
m.; Kik’iyatdar jIajL^So. m.; (reciter of epics)
dengb&j jlJSoj m.
stout: stur (fat) qelew 3 <J*j ; qalin c jJ U
stoutness qelewi /.; k’okayi
straight: (flat, even) dtiz Tast o-*1 j
straightness rasti j /
•i
strain: (species) dol I Jjj i!
to strain: (filter) parzinandin jjjbjjb vt.; palandin
vt.; dakirin vt.
strainer (colander) mifsik «jL Jl* /.; k’efgir
(filter) parzfin ^jjb m.
strait: (geog.) derteng j f.
straits (trouble) tengavi i!
• •
strand (of hair) ta I b m.
strange: 'eceb ; (foreign) biyani ^L-u; xerib
yjjAi; (unfamiliar) nenas ^b^j
strange land (foreign country) xurbet o<v_*** /;
xeribstan jli!
stranger xerib m.
strangers: (others) xelq m.
to strangle xeniqandin jjjliiAS vt.; fetisandin
jJjLoAi vt.
strangled: -to be ~ xeniqin Q-ytiod* vi.
strap (leather ~) qayi§ j!LoU f.; (tied under belly of beast
of burden) keji f.
stratagem: (trick) Rile *Lp. f.
stratum gin ^3 f./m.; t’ebax II ^-b<0* m./f.
straw ka I IT/!; (stalks left after harvest) qesel
m./f.
straw thief kadiz jjlT m.
stray derodero sergerdan
stream: (brook) cew ga I I3 m.; To II jj m.;
(torrent) selav f; §ip f./m.
street kolan II f; k’Rge f; zikak JlSj f;
zaboq ^Ij /.; (lane, alley) ’ewe 73^ f
strength hez /.; qewat oIjaS /.; qudret oajj*? /.;
dewlet /.; §iyan jLi h@l I JIa /.;
English-Kirrdish Vocabulary
qedtim ^*3 m.; xurti (J jy* /•; zexm ^oj
zexmi f; zor I jjj /.
to strengthen §idandin vt.
stress: (emphasis) §idandin f; derb f/m.\
t’eqil Jiaj- /.
to stress: (accentuate, put stress on) §idandin vt.
to stretch (vt.): direj kirin vt.; rak’i§andin
vt.
to stretch o.s. teviz dayin xwe 0*3 j jS *3 vt.
to stretch out (vi.): (lie down) xwe dir§j
kirin 0*3 vt.; ramedin ^ j«-.1 j vi.;
p’aldan jl^Jb vt.; razan jljlj vi.; vek’etin
vi.; velezin vi.
stretchable g’ir II >3
* Y V
stretcher darbest o-vajjIj £; me 5 f f.
stretching (n.) teviz I jioj f.
stretchy: (of chewing gum) g’ir II >3
to strew d§randin jjj)vt.; (grain) Taxistin j
vt.
stricken: -to be ~ with a fatal disease t§da
hatin ^Ia vi.
strike: (workers') grev /.
to strike hingaftin vt.; (fire, a match)
geqandin vt.; (beat, hit) l§dan jl aIJ
vt.; lexistin vt.; k’utan jb^ vt.;
repandin jjJboj vt.
string ben m.\ ta I b m.\ dav II J* 1 j (violin ~)
jih ajJ- m./f .; t ’61 Jlj* f/m.; (~of dried fruits)
gelwaz f./m/, §aran jljU m,; xaruz
m .; (on apron) lepik <Jj<J m.; (s. with coins sewn
on it, as woman’s ornament) qol II J53 m.; (thick)
§erit coj*u /.
stringy: (of dough) g’ir II >3
strip (of hide) zol Jjj /
to strip (undress) (vt.) §elandin vt.; §iqitandin
QjjLiiA vt.; (vi.) xwe §§landin 033 vt.
stripe: zol f/, (e.g., on bee's back) Tav II J>) j
§iv /.
to strive bizav kirin vt.; p’^k’ol
kirin Jjibo. vt.; gergirin vi.;
teko§in vi.
striving: (n.) bizav Jlyj £; t§ko§in /.
stroke: (blow, hit) derb vj° j f/m.\ -to suffer a ~ t@da
hatin ^Ia vi.
to stroke: (caress, fondle) miz dan vt.;
perixandin vt.
stroll: (walk) fitil JjJ ger II /.; seyran
seyrange i!; bi r§ ve giin ^jv ^
824
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
struggle xebat ob f.; k’eft fi left oJaJ j iz+saS' f.\
cerenix * (Jo f. \ teko§in f.
to struggle xebitin vi.; teko§!n vi.; (as
in death throes) p’irpitin vi.
struggler teko§er j&Jl £S 2 u m.
stubble pir§z Jjjj f; firSze f.
stubborn serKigk cJL^O>j 4 * 4 * ; serk’£§ I - to be ~
rik’ girtin tfjfdj vt.; xezirin vi.
stubbornness serKi§ki f; serk’§§! Ls iZfj 4 * 4 * £ ]
rik’ f.
v
stuck: ase (prevented from doing stg.) begav
; -to be ~ (not to know how to get out of a
situation) t§da man jl* 1 j Cj vi -to get ~ inside [the
threading canal of a drawstring] guneve *3-0^ vi.
stuck up (arrogant) pozbilind difnbilind
» x dj j , qure o
student xwendek’ar m.&f.; -s. of theology &
religion feqi jp** ni.; suxte m.
• •
study: (investigation, research) ISkolin f
to study xwendin vi. ; ders xundin
j vt.; (investigate, research) l§kolin
li ser ... rawestan jL^lj ... j*-J vi.
to stuff dewisandin vt.; Ke§ikandin
Vt.
to stumble lik’umin vi.; teKisin <o vi.;
alin qJ[$ vi.; (to trip over stg.) hilingiftin
stumbling block asteng f.
stump (of tree) qurm p J3 i m./f; gone m.;
gilare ojff m.
to stun hingaftin vt.
stunned g§j f
stupid aqilsivik JLLJsb; beaqil sefih
■■ ••
; devbe§ ^v 4 *aJ O J
stupidity bSaqili /^'U^ f ; k’ereti (Jojf.
•I •• a* ••
sturdiness xurti fjj#* /.; zexm! Ls ^oj f ;
(of metal) xamti f
sturdy xurt OJi i ; zix I dwj; zexm ^oj ; xam pi*,
sty: (animal pen) axur ^sb m./f.;
(infection in eyelid) bukik JS&> f.
style: (manner, way) awa Ijb m.; celeb I m.;
cflre oj^> m.; t’eher j*jb *3 m.;
to subdue alt 5 kirin qJ/ oJb vt.
subject: (topic) babet Io^bf; mijar j 1 _> £;
daba§ ji Uj f; qal JU f; (adj., [+to] =under the
command of) bindest o~*oJul>
subjection bindesti o f.
subjunctive *bilani II
s
submarine noqav <jUp f
to submerge: (vi.) binav bun (vt.) binav
kirin vt.; xerq kirin vt.
submersion (sinking) xerq jp** £
submission banduf t !; bindesti f ;
* »•
t’eslim m.; dexalet oaJU-oj £
submissive bindest
to submit gemin vi.; dexaleta fk-f kirin
qJ' ,,, bJlioJ Vt.
subordinate bindest o— oj^
subordination bandur f; bindesti
to subside danin vt.
subsistence debar jboj /!; ’ebiir m.
substantive nav I Jib m.
substitute bedel £
to substitute for §iina fk-f girtin ... vt.
subterranean binax ^Lo; bine’rd
succah (bower, temporary hut) k’epir f
to succeed serk’etin vi.; ji [dest$] fk-§
hatin
[^X-*.oj] j VI.
success serk’etin serfirazi f;
siud
Succoth —> see Sukkot.
such wilo jJj
such-and-such behvan ; filan q^s;
filankes
to suck m§tin vt.
to suckle mSjandin vt.
suckling infant sawa IjL ; §irmdj m./f
sudden downpour tavi f.
suddenly [ji] ni§keva \£Sjx [j‘]; hew niheri
••
suds arav Ji )js f.
suet bez I m.
to suffer (withstand, endure) tami§ kirin vt.
suffering (adj.) liyan I jLJ
suffering (n.) t’ab f.
to suffice (be enough) t’@ra ft-f kirin 1 vt
sufficient bes I » t’§ra xwe 0J ± \
to suffocate: (vt.) xeniqandin vt.;
fetisandin vt.
Sufi sofi I m.
••
sugar §ekir m./f
sugar bowl §ekirdank JjI j f.
suggestion p£§niyar jLuL f.
suit: (of clothes) dest o~*oj m.; (traditional Kurdish
man's) §al h §apik dAz 3 JU m.
to suit: (agree with) IShatin vi.
suitability layiqi (jufj f
825
s
to suffocate: (vt.) xeniqandin jjjl&Ai. vt.;
fetisandin jAiLjAi vt.
Sufi sofi I T12 .
••
sugar §ekir m./f.
sugar bowl §ekirdank cJbl j f.
suggestion p8§niyar jLa£1j £
suit: (of clothes) dest o —oj m.; (traditional Kurdish
man's) §al d §apik JLU JC JU m.
to suit: (agree with) IShatin vi.
suitability layiqi f
suitable: (appropriate) babet II o«ub; hinkuf ;
layiq ; rewa I bo y, minasib ; -to be ~
l§hatin vi tewa xwe
girtin Jf lyu vt.
suite (retinue) pi§tm@r m.
Sukkot kepre§ine a~JSo_jjaT/.
sulfur --> see sulphur.
sullen: mirdz m.\ -to be ~ me’d§ xwe kirin
^L vt.
vi
sullied: -to become sullied (of hands, clothing) Eerimin
vi.; (of reputation) §kestin ^a^aSa; vi.
to sully (reputation) §k§nandin vt.;
hetka fk-e birin ^ ISja^ vt.;
sulphur k’irpit ow->^T /.
sultan silt’an jLL m.
sum t’emami t’omeri f
•• ••
sum total t’emami ^Laj [; t’evahi ^U’aJ
•• ••
t’omeri ^a^Jj /I
sumac simaq jU /.
sumach --> see sumac,
summer havin
summer breeze baye fera§in jas
••
summer pastures zozan jl /.; zome a^j /.
summit kumt semt o^a-* m.; Eeg’ ^-a^. m.;
gopk m./f; kop £/m; gaz u
b§lan j'fe j jlf pi.
to summon gazi kirin vt.; bang
kirin (jjf JjL vt.; deng le kirin (yjf Xoj vt.;
vexwendin vt.; (have s.o. brought) Kazir
kirin qJ’ jjL. vt.
sun roj f.; (sunlight) tav I Jb /.
sunbeam tir@j f
Sunday Yek§em ^aaTaj /.; Bazar jljl /!; Le’d a*aJ /.
Sunday best (one's best clothes) riKal JU-j /
sunflower gulberroj JsjjAjJ^f/.
sunlight tav I Jb £
sunny side beroj /.
sunrise hingdr f.; elind aJ *3 f.; rojhilat
oNaSj £; sp§de oaI^, f.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
sunset moxrib m./f.
superior (adj.): (upper) jorin qj£j
superior (n.): fermandar jIajLja* m.
to supervise t’eseli kirin q^T^a^aJ vt.
99
supervision g’avderi ^^jajL. f.; z§revani ^U'o J>j f;
• ■ M
sexb§ri ^Io-a-, /.; serk’ari ^jITja- /.
•» M
supervisor serk’ar m.
supine (lying on one's back) ramediyayi ^Lo
••
supper (evening meal) §iv JJ: £;
nan§ dvari £>b m.
M •«
supplies (dried foodstuffs, for winter) qdt o*** m./f]
supply zexire of.
support aligiri m§ldari ^IaIi* £;
pi§tgiri t; pi§tivani ^ £
♦ * ii
to support: (one's family) debirandin jAi )^>oj vt.;
'ebdr kirin q^Tj^a* vt.; (o.s.) debirin vi.
(to be in favor of stg.) mela fk-e ser ft-f hebdn
( j^jA a #4# Yl-* vi.; m§ldartya ft-6 kirin
LjIaJL. vt.; (to be on s.o.’s side) al!y§ fk-f
girtin vt.; (to lean on) spartin
««
vt.
supporter alfgir ^XJli m.; pi§tivan m.;
meldar j)a-L 4 m.; -to be a supporter of stg. (to be in
favor of stg.) m§la fk-§ ser ft-t
hebtin ^aa ja^, ## vi.
suppose (=let's suppose) megirti
••
to suppose t’exmin kirin vt.
supposed to qewl e J^aS ; construction with past subj.
supposedly xwedegiravi qa§o I jjiU
•• «•
supposing megirti
99
supposition t’exmin (j-^Aj f.; ferz jjAi f.
to suppress tepeser kirin ja^ajaJ vt.;
pergiqandin jAiUb^Aj vt.
sure misoger j4- ; pi§trast o— )
§qin /yeqin ^-jaj ; biste
surface rd m.
surname (last name) pa§nav JiLiL m.
surprise: (~ night attack) §ebeyxdn f.
surprised 'ecdbmayi ^U-J^ap ; met’elmayi ^Uaj^
••
; Keyri ^_a>
• •
surrender ra III j t’eslim ^J-aJ m.
to surrender (vi.) hatin Ta§ ^1 j qj La vi.; t’eslim
bdn 033^ j^La; vj.; dexaleta f 3 c-f
kirin UaJU-oj vt.
surreptitiously teletel JaJaJa?
to surround dorgirtin vt.; gar rexi ft-f
girtin qJ^ 0J jU. vt.; di rex d gana ft-f
zivirin qjjjJ vi.; werandin I
826
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
vt.; weranin joj joj vt; zeft
kirin oioj vt.
surroundings dorh&l JlAjj t; hoi II Jjj* /.
surveillance g’avd§ri ^^3 ji'U. £; z§revani £\
n@revani U'o f.\ *didevani £
••
to survive (make a living) debirin vi.]
(stay alive) man jL vi.
to suspect k’etin ser Kesehesa rjaf vi.;
(s.o. of stg.) ser fk-e k’etin §ike (^^... j
vi.
suspected gunehbar
suspicion guman jL ,S£\ §ik Jji f.; §ebh f.\
Kesehes £
suspicious (untrusting) k’umre§
to sustain: (one’s family) debirandin jjo)vt.
sustenance debar jboj /.; 'ebhr jc&a* m.\
(food) rizq jjj m.
svelte bejnzirav
to swaddle p’§g’an ch* vt -
swaddling clothes p’eg’ek f.
to swagger xwe badan jljlu 0^3- Vt.
swaggering paye I *Aj f.
swallow: (bird) dumeqesk f .;
KacKacik f .; Kacire§k Jjt o^>L>
meqesok qernequgik;
(sip, gulp, swig) fir I^i f.
to swallow beli’andin vt.; daqurtandin
jjjbjyb vt.] daftran j)vt.; qurtandin
jjjb^ vt.
swamp genav ob«*Tt; cimcime II
swarm (of bees) §ilxe f.\ bars ^jb
swarming: (of bees) bars ^jb
swarthy qemer ddmqemer j
swath berdas f.
swaying (n.) we§ Jioj f.
to swear (take an oath) sond xwarin Qj\y± vt.
to swear at (s.o.= verbally abuse, cuss out) g 5 3r [1§]
kirin vt.;
swear word(s) g’§r jl* m./f.]xe ber f./m.
sweat xtidan £
to sweat xhdan vi.
Sweden Sw§d
vt.; gSzi kirin
rdg kirin vt.; p’aqij kirin qJ'^ vt.;
§irt kirin ^ vt.
sweet §irin qj-Jl
sweets (n.) §irani £
— _^i
sweet dew gezo jj^T m.
sweet pepper guncik
s
k
sweetmeat §irani £
sweetness §irini £
••
to swell: (vi.) nep’ixin vi.] pergifin u
vi.; *pendifyan (M); werimin vi.; (vt.)
(cause to ~) nep’ixandin vt.;
werimandin ^jJob« ^03 vt.
swelling: (callus) deq joj £
swiftly reve-rev (joIJ djo1j
swig (gulp, sip, swallow) fir I £
to swim ajne kirin ^ij-b vt.; melevani kirin
U <sj vt.
••
swimmer sobek’ar jlfbj-, m.&£] melevan qUvJ-ju
m.&£
swimming ajne £>jb £.] sobahi ^yfcbj^
melevani ^U-J ■^o £
• •
swindler pig ^ m.
swine beraz jl j<*j m.] domiz weK§ £\
xinzir £/m.
swing: (playground plaything) colan £\
deydik £] dolidang I IaJjj £\
h§lekan jlT-JlA f; hezok £
to swing: (rock cradle) lorandin vt.
swinging (n.) we§ Jioj £
to swingle vejandin vt.;
switch: (stick for driving cattle) qir§ jim.; xir I
m.
to switch: (exchange) [p§] guhartin jb^T [^] vt;
guhastin QzJjbjf vt.
to swoon xeriqin vi.
sword §fir I m.] sorani II ^
(executioner's ") sat’or I jjjL £;
(high-quality ~) lahor £.]
(old, rusty -) kalhme *^Jl! f m.&f;
(Egyptian saber) k’ose misri
»•
sword-bearer §iirk 5 e§ m.
swordsmith §hrger jofj&z m.
sword-wielder §hrk’§§ m.
symbol ni§an jU-j £
synagogue kini§t I £
syringe derzi ^Jjoj £.; §irinqe £
••
syrup: (grape ~) do§av r.
system: (the social order) p’ergal I £
systematic r§k h p§k Jbj
827
table mase /.; sifre o yu, /.; (small, low round ~ for
rolling dough) xanik diU. m./f; xonge /.
table of contents naverok JjjdiU /.; p’erist f.;
serecem p. «*.:*. i*.
tablecloth sifre ApUv f.
tablet: (pill) Keb f./m.
tadpole §unik m.
tail bog 5 f./m.) d§l II Jjj f; dH II J m. , dilv I
m./f. ; dog’ik k’ilk JIT f./m.; kur! I
£; qemg ^<*3 f; ter! I ^*3 f.\ (horse’s ~) dehf
II
tailbone kil§ji qarg’ik d^jU f.; qorik
•*U* f.
tailor k’incdirft ^jj^fm.
to take: (carry away from speaker) birin vt.; (get,
obtain) wergirtin ^ vt.\ (to last, take time)
ajotin qjJjIj vt.; domin vi.; (by force, seize)
standin jjjLuv vt.; vegirtin qjJ vt.; (seize
booty) inandin jjoLJ vt.; (take hold of) girtin
0 s J* vL
to take a bow p’ate vedan vt.
to take a picture §ikil k’i§andin jjjUS" JSb vt.; §ikil
kirin qJT J.d vt.
to take an interest in ptite pe kirin vt.
• •
to take an oath sond xwarin jjj- vt.
to take away: (remove) Tahi§tin vt. [+ dat.
constr.]; hilanin Qp't* [^plijjb] vt.
to take care of: (look after) miqat! fk-i bun
vi.\ xwedi 1§ kirin vt.;
*• •• ••
hay j£ hebtln vi.
■ ■ • ■
to take ill (cattle) sturi dayin vt.
to take hold of Tahi§tin vt. [+ dat. constr.]
to take in: (an animal, to a stall) dakirin vt.
to take leave of (part company) ji [hev] qetin
[<J *Jb]j vi.; xatir xwestin _>U. vt.
to take measures gav av@tin <Jlf vt.
to take off: (remove) hilkirin j^CLb vt.; Takirin q^S\ j
vt.; (clothing) §elandin vt.; danin
vt.; Sxistin vt.; §iqitandin jjjbJLi vt.
to take on (a load) hilgirtin qj vt.;
(responsibility for a crime) guneh@ fk-f hilanin
[^pbjjb] vt.
to take one's leave ji ... veqetin ... jvi.
to take out: (remove) deranin vt.; derxistin
vt.; hilg’inin ^^Lb vt.
to take part in xwe tekili kirin oy>- Vt.
to take pictures (photograph) welne girtin qj p <0, vt.;
resim k 5 i§andin jjjUT vt.
to take pity on dil peve bun c j a5 j Jj vi.;
guneh§ xwe le anin vt.
«« ««
to take place gebtin vi.; li dar
k’etin Jj J vi.; p’ekhatin Qj\jt dl> vi.
to take prisoner dil kirin vt. girtin
(y/ Ji- J vt.
to take revenge on je Keyf
hilanin Ja] vt.;
««
tol standin jjjL-v Jp vt.
to take root k’ok girtin qj vt.
to take sides [in a dispute] aliy§ fk-f
girtin qsJ *... Is vt.
to take steps gav avetin Jlf vt.
to take to heart hildan dil£ xwe vt.
taking part: (participating) be§dar pi§kdar
V
tale g’irok f; Kekyat
(short) givanok JpUu*. f.
talent me’rifet O' f.; hiner m./f;
fereset o*^o f.
talisman: nivi§t f; t’iberk t’ilism
f./m.; (amulet around waist) berbejn f
talk sufibet O' f.; gill I ylf m.; lavz m.;
behs f./m.; qise f.; qewl m./f.;
(idle chatter) pitepit ooo f.; galigal Jlfll f f.
to talk axaftin ^U -15 vi./vt.; dey kirin qJ' vt.;
deng[§ xwe] kirin £.]Coj vt.; peyivin
(j-Juao vi.; mijul dan q) vt.; xeber
dan jb vt.; qise kirin qJ' <^3 vt.; §or
kirin qJ' jp vt.; §taxilin vi.; (of animals,
in folktales) deng gun vi.
to talk about bebsa/behsS ft-i
kirin vt..; qala ft-i
kirin (y£.. .S/U vt.
talkative zimandir§j jJ.jj jLj
talkativeness zimandir^ji f
828
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
T
talking (n.) gill I CJ lf m.\ xeber f./m.; qewl JjaS
• •
m./f.; zar I jlj m.; zarav Jiljlj m.
talks: (negotiations) dantistandin f
tall bilind aUj; bejnbilind (~ and thin) qiq
•« .
tallness bilindayi /.
••
tallow bez I m.
talus deq joj f
tamarisk gez II j*ff; kifir II f.
tambourine 'erebane Aj b O j AS f.
tambur (stringed instrument) t’embur f
tame kedi
to tame kedi kirin vt
tameness kediti f
to tamp dewisandin jjjLjoj vf.
tankard §erbik JLj<u; m./f
to tape (record, of sound) vegirtin vt.
tapering pod mikare ojlSb m.
tar (pitch) qir I ^ f.
tardiness derengi (Jjojoj* f.
•«
tardy dereng
target armanc 5*3 Ljb f
■ I A, vy / /»
tarn berm m./f.
vf.; giro btin ^ vf;
to tarry xurcilin vf.; giro bfin vf;
egle bftn vf
tart (bittersweet) miz II >>
task §ert oja^ m./f.
tassel: (large) qutas ^by* f; (small ~) gtifik Ji^f;
ri§i m./f
• •
taste lezet ooj«J f; ta’m m./f
to taste ta’m kirin -*b vf
tasting (of food) ta’m -pb m./f
tasty bi ta'm; xwe§
tasty food (delicacy) ta’m ^b m./f
tatter (rag) p’ate II m.; p’ine m.
to tattle on qumsiti kirin vf.
• t
tattoo: (image on the skin) deq qoj f
to tattoo deq kirin qoj vf.; deqandin jjjUoj vf.
Taurus ga If m.
taut (tense) girj
taw (marble) mat I ob £
tax bac ^b f; b§§ jul j f ; olam f;
xerac m. [1]; xerc m./f [2];
xfik f; (animal ~) qamgtir j^a^ls f
tax collector berevker ja& 0j aj m.
tea ga[y] [^]U. f.
tea glass peyale <JL«u f; istekan f; §fi§e
AmJ£m f
to teach ders gotin vf.; ders dan
vf..; 'elimandin ^ajUap vf.; ni§an dan <j1
vf.; fer kirin qJ' J* vt.; hin kirin vf.
teacher dersdar m.&f.; mamosta m.&f;
seyda ) x»a^ m.
teaching (profession of ~) mamostayi f
teacup fincan f
teahouse gayxane f
teal (river duck) miravi ^yl^* f
tear (water falling from eyes while crying) h§stir I
pl./£\ roni II £; siri§k f
to tear: (vt.) qela§tin vt.; qeli§andin ^jjUJas
vf.; g’irandin jjjl>*. vf.; dirandin jjjljj vf.;
p’eritandin jjjb j^vf.; qetandin jjjb** vf.; (vi.)
g’irin vi.; difin I vf; qeli§in
Vi.
to tear apart (at the seams) bi§kavtin y^'lSbo vf.
to tear down: (destroy) hilwe§andin vf.;
h§rivandin vf.;
to tear limb from limb vegevizandin vf.
to tear out (pluck, of feathers) qusandin vf.
to tear to pieces vegevizandin vf.
to tease qerf le kirin qJ' ? vf.; me’na fk-6
gerin vf
teashop gayxane f.
teat guhan ^m./f.
teenager na§i ^yib m.
teeth --> see tooth,
telegraph t’§l JlJ f./m.
telegram t’el Jtb f /m.
telescope dtirbin f
to tell gotin vt.; (recount) gilt kirin ( Jf vt.;
kat kirin qJ' olT vf.; neqil kirin qJ? Jj'<u vf.;
riwayet kirin vf.; (inform) dan zanin
U 1j vt
to tell apart: (distinguish) ferq kirin vt.; ji
hev nas kirin qJ' ^b J>Ajb jvt.; veqetandin
QAlilASdJ Vt.
to tell lies vir kirin vf.
temper t’ebi'et OAxaJ Aj f./m.
temperament xeyset m.
temple: (anat.) ceynik f ;
(place of worship) perestgeh jfc<\S jAj £
ten deh
to tend (care for) t’imar kirin jL-j vf.
829
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
m.
tendency m§l Jl- £; xeyset c.
tender: (affectionate) dilovan jUgJj; (of sound) z!z I
>u
tender-hearted dilziz jjjJ j
tenderness: (affection) dilovani j £
tending (n.) (looking after) miqati £; t’i:
£
ar jL-o
tending toward m§ldar J a
tendon betan m.
tense (taut) girj
tent kon gadir jjU. £.; (white canvas) x§vet
£.; (of black goathair) re§mal JLioj f./m.
tenth (nj: (1/10) deh§k <JlA oj £
terebinth: (small seeds with soft shells) bemk Xlo;
• (large and with hard shells) kez[w]an £;
§engel JXjai £
term (appointed time) we 5 de m.
terminated (done, over) xelas
termination xelasi £
««
terms: (of agreement, stipulation) mere I f./m.;
§ert oj*u: m. /£; -on bad - bet’ifaq
«•
terrace berbanik «XLj<v m.; serban (jb 171 .
terrestrial: (living on land) beji
terrified: ziravqeti -to be ~ saw k 5 i§andin
vt.; xwin fk-eda neman
Vi ’*
to terrify saw dayin vt.; sawa xwe xistin
IjL vt.; tirsandin jjjLvt.
terror (great fear) saw 3 L £; xof £
test (task, ordeal) §ert oj^ m./f.
to test ceribandin vt.; h^gandin
vt.; t’eseli kirin vt.
• t
testament (will) wesyet o<w >03 £
testicle(s) gun c j 5 T m.; bati ^L in.; h§lik JJlA £/m.
testimony §ahadi £
testing (n.) (checking, examining) saxtf £
• •
text deq m.
textile quma§ ji m.; pertal JU'j^ v m.
than ji I j
to thank spas kirin vt.;
§ikirma xwe anin vt.
thankful spasdar j1a-*L-*
thankfulness spasdari £; §ikir[in £.;
razilixi j £
thanks spas £; §ikir[fn £
thanks to (because of) bi x@ra fk-f 44 J;
dewlet ser§ fk-t „
*•
that (demonstrative) ew^; (f. obi.) w6 I ^ ;
••
(prn.) ew yek Jaj (conj.) ko I jf; weki
that is (=i.e.) ye’ni ^*0.
•«
that much ewqas ; hind aa
to thaw: (vi.) helm vi.; (vt.) biho§tin vt.
theater §ano pit, f.
thee te aj; (as direct obj. of past tense vt.) tu
theft dizf £
their wan I q \ 3
them wan I q\j
themselves xwe
then hing£ we gax§ ^/wi gaxi
M »» «• •• M
tear jUw; pa§S ^L; dtira \j 35 x §tinda Ia^;
••
(just ~, at that very moment) lieniz p
thenceforth vira hada IjU ) J
theologian feqi ^Ja} m.
»»
theology feqiti (J^aj f.
• »
there wir li wir J; li w§ der§ £3 J ; t@da
9* ••
)a1
«•
there are hene aj*>
there are not t’unene AjAjp
there is heye
there is not t’une
therein t6da )a!3’
thermal springs germav jLj*f £
these ev ; van jU
they ew J( \5; (as logical subj. of past tense vt.) wan I
q\j; (impersonal, one) meriv m.
thick: qalin ^jJU' ; (of liquids) tfr II
(of round things) sthr _^u.
to thicken (vi.) qerimin c j ^ J as vi.; (vt.) qalin kirin
Qjf qJU vf.; (of liquids) tir kirin Q^f^jvt.
thicket dehl Jj6oj f./m.; devi m./f;
t’era§ IIji.1 jaj m./f.
thickness qalini £.; sttiri £
thick-skinned p’arsfl-qalim
thief diz I jj m.<§:£.
thievery dizi £
thigh het oJLa £; Tan j)j m.; tilor I in.;
kulimek J«wJ^r£; p’al JL £ /m .; (inner side
of from hip bone to foot) §eq m./f
thigh bone p’al JL f./m.
thimble gfizvan £
thin jar I j)j; lawaz jl^ ; lexer J; narin ^.jL;
qels I ijJ as; zeyf zirav I Jljj;
(tall and ~) qiq ; (of cloth) meles
to thin pisaftin /asUj vt.
830
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
T
o
thing ti§t o JX m./f.;e§ya m.;
(event, occurrence) Kewal JtjA^ m.
thingamabob ewk JjaS
thingamajig ewk JjaS
to think hizir kirin qJT jjjt> vt.; fikirin vi.;
du§irmi§ bhn vi.; xiyal kirin
qJ'JL*. vt.; (to reflect) dan Ei§§ xwe
vt.; p’onijin vi.; Taman I vi.;
(consider, regard as) zanin q-o1j vt. [+bi v ]
thinking: (thought) mitale /.
thinness jari zeifi ^yLJoj /.; ziravi f.
third (adj.) sisiya sShemin
third (n.): (1/3) s§ki f.
thirst t’in II f.
thirsty t’i III ^/tdhni
•• ••
thirteen [13] sezdeh
thirty[30] si II ^
• •
this ev <Ja 5 ; (prn.) ev yek Jaj<Ja5
this evening i§ev
this time tear jUJ
this way wiha
this year isal JL^j
thistle givzonik ebjjif /.; k’erbe§ jUjjaT f ;
qlvar jUj> (globe ~) §ekrok
thither weve[tir
thong (strip of hide) zol Jjj f.
thorax:: (chest) depa sing Loj
thorn dirl f./m.; dirdirk Jjjjj /.;
kelem II -.<JaS" m./f.; stir! I f./m.
) •«
thornbush dirt f./m.\ dirdirk Jjjjj /.;
• •
kelem II -.aJaS" m.//.; stir! I f./m.
i ••
thoroughly t’emiz
those ew
thou tu I ^j; /as logical subj. of past tense vt.) te <*3
thought fikir J/s hizir /.; guman /.;
mitale /.; raman I jLIj xiyal JLi. /.; n£t
f.
thoughtless xemsar jL-*aS.
thoughts bal II JL f.
thousand hezar J j aa
to thrash about p’irpitin vi.
thrashing (beating, blows) k’otek
thrashing about (movement, stirring) lipat o*bJ f
thread dezi ^joj j f./m.; dav II ota f.\ ta I b m.; t’el
/./m.; (of animal skin) duh@l £
threat gef <JaT m.//.; te’n f./m.
to threaten te’n dayin vt.
three: s6 I sis6 -three days ago
betraper ^ol_^ aj; -three years ago
betrapfirar
three hundred [300] s§sed
thresher: (machine) cencer ja^ao* £; patoz jjjL f.
threshing (n.) xerman ^Ljaj. m.
threshing floor bdnder joa^j coxin f;
xerman jLjAi m.; (for drying grapes into raisins)
mi§tax f.
threshing sledge cencer ja^a^. kam ^IT/.; patoz
threshold derg’ik /.; §emik f.; §lpane
f.
• 9 99
thrift (economy) serweri f.
a a
thriving ava U’l5; §§n
throat gewri ^a f Kefik qirik I J f.
99
throne k’ursi f/m.\ text o^aj m.
through: di ... ra 1 j ; di ... ve as„ # j;
(over, done, finished) derbazbhyi
99
to throw avetin vt.; (a foal, give birth to a foal)
firk btin q& J J vi.
to throw about (violently) we§andin vt.
to throw down dakirin ^^51 j vt.; tera kirin
vt.; tot kirin o pvt.
to throw on (clothes) werkirin vt.
to throw o.s. at (rush upon, charge at)
rik’Sb kirin ^Zfj vt.
to throw o.s. at s.o.'s feet xwe av8tin bext§ yeki
• • ••
to throw up (vomit) veTe§in jA 5 vi.
thrush: (blackbird) §alEl J^JLi m.
to thrust: (stick, insert) xistin ^ vt.;
k’utan vt.; g’ikandin I vt.;
dag’ikandin vt.; Ke§ikandin jjjlS^As.
vt.; nig’ikandin vt.
thumb beranek J<o)ja^ tillya beranl jaj Lh
••
thump (sound, noise) §erqin ^a^ /!
thunder teyrok ^Jj^j a)' f.
to thunder gurln vi.; girmin ^-o J? f.
thunderbolt birtisk > » /.; §l§a
birEske /.
thundering guregur /.; gimin f.
thunderstorm teyrok a? f.
Thursday Penc§em pA^^i ^
thus bi vi awayi Cy-’j L ‘ L5 5 ' v ; wiha Laj ; wisa L*;
■ » 99
wilo ^Jj; wer ; bi w§ k’ezelk§ v
m mm
thy te aj
831
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
thyme cat’iri /.
n ^
tick: (bloodsucker) qirni m./f.; gene f.
tickle giltzank pi.
to tickle gilizank@t fk-S vekirin
vt.
tickling gilizank )yjf pi.
tidings: hay I a f./m.; (glad mizgin!
■«
tidy p’ak Jb; p’aqij jj’b; t’emiz _>«j
tie (bond, link) p’evgir§dan j)j f.
to tie gir§dan jljJ^f vt.
tiger piling JlL m.
f.
tight: teng I (firm) Ki§k ; mehkem ;
qalin jJb ; (of stitches) hembiz
to tighten §idandin ^ajIa^ v£.; rak’i§andin jAjUSlj
-t. a rope i§k ledan ^IaJ JjaJ vt.
tightrope walker (acrobat) p’elewan jl^J^ m -
Tigris River Dicle §et o<u; m.
till (until) Keta ba^ ; t’a IV b
tillage (plowing) §ov Jp f.
time: (one round) car neqil Jiaj f.; (hour) sa c et
o^L (period of ~) gax m./f.; dem I p»j
f./m.; gav Jlf wext co-oj m./f; nir II m.;
(appointed term) we’de oa^oj m.; (a while)
heyam pb<u& m.; p’§l Jl, /. ; -for some ~ now ji
mej ve J jpJ J; zuda 1 -times (multiplication)
qat old m./f
time limit molet oJp /.
to tingle (vi.) (of hands or feet) tevizin vi.
tininess htirayi j f.
tinkling: (of bells) zingezing JjjJjj f; §ing!n
f.
tiny big’tigik hflr I j^/hUrik J
"• '■* *
tip: (pointed tip) nik m./f; nikil JSj m.;
ser I jo*-* m.; serik m./f.; xi§t III m./f;
(of arrow) zerg Jjoj f./m.; (of handkerchief)
qilg’ik JUJi m.; (gratuity) bex§i§ /.;
(gratuity to wedding musicians) §aba§ jLU f.
tipsy serxwe§
to tire (vi.) (become weary) westin 0^**3 vi.;
Te c t bunj^ 00 ^ 0 j vi.; betilin vi.;
qefilin jJiai vi.; qerimin vi.
to tire out (vt.) westandin jAjb^oj vt.;
reht kirin 0-^-0 J vt.
tired westiyayi re‘t II o^oj ; qefili ^*5 ;
•• ••
(of eyes) pi§pi§! j. -to be westin vi.;
re c t o^oj vi.; betilin vi.;
qefilin jJiai vi.; qerimin vi.
tiredness westan I f.
tissue (fabric) t’evn q3aj m./f.
tithe deh§k f.
*•
to ji ... re o j4 „ j; bo II jp; nav III Jib ; seba b^
to that side w§ve[tir >r] <yJj 3
tobacco t’itun q&x (low-quality ~) kama§jiLlf/.
today iro jjj
toe till IJa f.; bgg’i II ^ f
•• •»
toenail neynuk f.
together bihevra 1 J*# ; p@kve *i£b; t’ev I J«o* ;
t’evde oa?<o ; t’6k <Jl?; p 5 ev J^; p’@k p§ra
I vek J.J
T ” V
toil k’edj<\f f.; emek J m.
toilet avdestxane -cb^oAs'b avrej
golik III JJjJr da§ir destav JL**oj /.;
♦
destavxane cob^'L^oj /; edebxane f.
toiling cefa m.
token (sign) navni§an jUpJ'b m./f.
told (said) got! pp.
tomato bacan§ sor ^J-b m.; firing! ^ J f;
§amik ciLU /.; stemboli /.;
«♦
tomato sauce metfini f.
tomb gor I f./m.; mexber m./f;
mezel f. [3]; t’irb v J 5 ' (saint’s t., shrine,
place of pilgrimage) ocax f./m.
tombstone kel I JlTkevire t 5 irb6 ^ m.
* ♦ i#
tomorrow: sibe -day after - dusibe
sibetir
tongs (for picking up firebrands) p’elegirk f.
tongue ziman jLj m.
tonight i§ev
tonsil behivok /!; gelale f.; argfi§k
MssCiS f.
too: (too much) belied z§de ojuj; (also) ji I
tool amir ^>b m./f; alav II J^b m.; p’ergal II JI
f.
tooth (pi. teeth) didan ^Ijj/diran jijj m.;
(of canine) qil Jj m.
toothache jana dranabljj blj'
top: (upper part) jor j$j f£z jbp f.; (child's spinning
toy) zivirok f; vizik /.; (of mountain)
gaz ■& b§lan 3 jlf pf; kumt m.; gopk
<Jolf m./f.; Keg 5 m.; kop f./m.; k’umik
m.
832
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
T
topic: (subject) babet I o*ub£; mijar £;
daba§ jiLIj £; qal JU /.
to topple: (depose a monarch) 'ezil kirin^^ Jj<^vf.
torch gurzS at’a§i ^bb^j^f m.; xetire £
torment cefa m.; te’dari £;
i§kence £; t’ab ^b £
to torment te’dari le kirin qJ' ^^Ij^ajvf.;
i§kence dan jljAswASiJ vf.;
qehirandin vf.; zerandin vf.
torn: -to be torn g’irin vi.
torrent s§lav £; §ip f./m.
torso beden II /./m.
tortoise k’lisi I m.
**
torture i§kence a£lo £; te’dari APdj /!
vt
to torture te’dari le kirin qJ' ^^ojvt.;
••
i§kence dan vf.
to toss avetin c jj^i'b vt.
total t’emami ^La; £; t’omeri £
* ■ ••
totality t’evahi ^yabdj £; t’omeri £
■ • «•
totally: (absolutely) bi careke lap '» p 6 va
• •
l£b; yekser
to totter: (stagger, reel) licimin vi.
to touch dest avetin ^£$5 c-oJ vf.; hingaftin
vf.
touchy (sensitive) sil
tough: dijwar (of meat) g’ir II >3 ;
(sturdy) zix I
toward ber bi v jaj > U ser ••• ve ja-J;
(fig., vis-a-vis) himberi
towel xawli £; p’Sjgir £;
99
(large bath ~) mdzer jo>L» £
tower birc ^ £
town bajar jljb m.; §eher jaaa^ m.; hey§et oa£jaa
£
town crier delal II m.
town dweller bajari ^Ijb m.
99
townsman bajari m.
townspeople §eni (jr £j£ pi.
toy listok £
trace berat’e ajIjaj £; dews r§g !
§op v jp; /; (hame & xenike *5£;
-without a t. b@serberat ! oIjajjo-^
trachea zengeltik £
trachoma qilti§ £; *birovegavi
track (trace) r§g’ II £; §op uj-i £; §ax ^-Li £/m.;
(animal ~s) ta V b m.
trade (profession, craft) sen‘et o«v
tradition kevne§op aT £;
(customs and ~s) rabfin fi rfini§tin j j
f.
traditional: kevne§opi ;
(Kurdish) k’urdewari
••
traffic hatin H gtin 3 qj[a £
trail dews §ivere £; r§g 3 n^f.
train: (of camels) qent’er j<uj«3 £
to train perwerde kirin qJ' ©jjojjaj vf.
trained perwerde oJ jojjaj
trait: (characteristic) taybetmendi
xeyset q«uj> m.; t’ebi'et o**^<*j £/m.;
sifet m .; kat olT£
traitor bebext m.; destkis m.&£;
• «
mixenet m.; nemam pL<o m.; xayin
j-jli m.; ceh§ m.; xwefiro§ m.
traitorous xedar jb«o.
tramp gede §p 5 eri m.
99
to trample dewisandin jjuLyo vt.;
p’elaxtin vf.; t’episandin jjjLjaj v£;
(t. under foot) p’dpes kirin vt.
trampled: -to be t. under foot p’epes bftn
Vi.
tranquil rihet o^; tena I b*J
tranquility tenahi ^yfcboj £; relieti £; di§liq
••
£
to transact: (~ business) dan d standin vf.
transaction dandstandin £
to transfer veguhastin vt.;
neqil kirin JiA3 vf.;
to transgress (commit an offense) stic kirin
transient p’enese <^a3aj
transitive derbazbdyi ^^jbjoj; gerandt ^jjIjaT
to translate t’ercime kirin vf.;
wergerandin vt.
translation t’ercime jot £
translator t’ercimegi m.; werg§r m.&£
translucent zelal J^oj; Ton I /rohni I
• •
transom be§t o-wrtj £
transplant patrome A^j^b £
to transplant patrome kirin qJ' A^>.‘b vf.
transport (n.): (of grain from field to threshing floor)
§ixre o £
to transport derbaz kirin qJ 'jbjoj vf.; veguhastin
vt.; neqil kirin qJ' vf.; (t. grain to
threshing floor) §el k 5 i§andin jjjUfjA^ vf.
transportation veguhastin £
833
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
T
transverse geperast
trap dav I «Jb f.; telhe tepik I ciL *\\j f. ;
xefik f.; (for catching partridges) site f.
trash gil§§ <JZ. if m.
trash heap zaboq £
travel r§witi f; sefer f.
•• ^
to travel sefer kirin c j^T vf.; me§ln yA*-* vi.;
bi re ve gun vi.
traveler r§wi in.; r§ber m.&f.
tray: s§ni f.; lengeri ^<^5*0 f; (large ~) mecme’
4 4 44
£; (copper meal tray) berke§ f.;
(wicker bread ~) tiryan m.
treacherous xedar j!j^
treachery mixeneti xayinti
■ • 44
xiyanet o<oLi. f.
to tread down dewisandin vt.
treason bebexti ( j^<^ f.; nemami
destkisi Sjl+ugJ f.
L? -
treasure define f.; gencine «^*3 aT f.; xizne
zexire o f.
treasury xizne f.
to treat: (for an illness) derman kirin ( j^T c jL J oj vt.;
(look after) t’imar kirin qJ' jLp vt.
treatment *derman jLjoj m.; t’imar jL-J f.
treaty peyman <jlo-><o ’ehd aaap m./f.
tree dar I jb /!; (sapling, young ") §itil f./m.;
xilp f.
tree stump qurm m./f.; gone g>jf m.; gilare ojHf
m.
tref: (unkosher) destkuj I m.;
(of animals Muslims may not eat) mirar J\
trefoil (clover) nefel f; ket ^ot/m./f.
to tremble he jin vi.; lerzin vi.;
ricifin vi.; kil bfin vi.
trembling (n.) girizok m.; ricaf <jL.j
teviz I j3 4j f; we§ f.
tremendously b§Ked
44
tremor teviz I f.
trench: (irrigation canal) c£t I t; (foxhole) geper I
k’ozik f.; senger m.
tress guli I f./m.; kezi f.
triangle s§guh II a*£L* f.
triangular s@guh II a^L,
tribe 'e§iret el Jl5 f; qebile <bL>*ii f.;
t’ayfe *Jub f.; (clan) icax £b*J f
tribute (tax) xerc m./f
trick Kile f.; f§l I Jl* m./f.; l§p f.\ delk’
JJoj> f; fen q<ks m./f; fesal JL*s f. ; (magic ~) s§r I
^ f.
to trick xapandin (jjjbbs. vt.; l§bandin vt.;
mixeneti kirin <jjf ^< 0 ^ vt.
tricked: -to be ~ lebyan jL_jJ vi.; xapin vi.
trickery Kilebazi ^boXo- f.; qelpi ^ f.
•• ••
to trickle g’ikin vi.
3 Vr ••
trickster Kilebaz .IaIo.
• ««
trigger dik JL y m.
to trim darotin ^ijjb vt.; (to prune) k’ezaxtin
vt.; (hair) kur kirin qJ? vt.; qusandin
vt.
trip (journey) r§wltl (jypj £> sefer f.
44
to trip lik’umln vi.; tenisin ( ^*o.<o , vj.; alin
^Jl5 vi.; (stumble over stg.) hilingiftin
vi.
tripod dfistan kug’ik II f./m.; s6p’l
f.
triumph (victory) serfirazi j<u f.
••
to triumph serfiraz bUn jl vi.
trivet dftstan kug’ik II f./m.; s§p’i
f.
trot: (horse's gait) loq II ^ f
trotter[s] pepik m.; (as food) ser H p’S ^ j
••
pf;
trouble: (exertion) cefa m.; (grief) cezaret OOjI jA3»
f.; karkini pf; oyin f.; (worry,
44
concern) ’emal JL^ m./f; derd jj<o m.; (straits,
crisis) tengavi f.
9 9
to trouble (worry) cefa dan vt.
troubled aloz dilteng
troublemaker ’ewan II ; geveze oj*3*fm.
troublemaking 'ewani f.
44
trough afir p\j f./m.; (wooden) §ikev Jf^ f.;
(hollowed-out log) bot <^P. \
(small gutter on a mill) §ip f./m.
to trounce be ser ii ber kirin vt.
44
trousers §al I JU m.; §alvar jUJU m./pl.;
(~ leg) deling m./f.
trousseau cihaz jl#x m.; dermali ^Ljoj
••
qelen m.; rifial JL.j f.
truce §erragirtin f; §errawestin JJ
f.
truck piqab f
true Past o-1 y, dirust o-. jjj; biPa III 1 heq j^a
834
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
T
trunk (of tree) qurm ^ m./f.; (boot of automobile)
sindoqa pi§te Isjjul* f.
trust bawer[i] [^] jo^b £; iman f; ewle I
it’bar jLLj f.
• ••
trustworthy ewlekar JS’oJj&S; saxlem p<bLs.L ;
xudanbext \ ; it’bar ;
serfast O’**' I j j
T
ij m.
truth Tasti £; dirusti f; birati II ^ f;
•« •• ••
heq (j<ufc m.
truthfulness Tasti f
try (attempt) hewl f.; hewldan f
to try hewl dan vf.; t§ko§in vi.
to try out ceTibandin bj^ vf.; h§gandin
jjjUlA Vf.
tub (basin) §ikev /.
tube: qeliln ( j 35 J*s /.; (pipe) lule /.;
(nargileh tube) marpig m./f.
tuberculosis §§a zirav 3\jj LbJ; jana zirav J]jj b)j
Tuesday S@§em f.
tuft (of hair) t’fincik dbwjjj* f
tulip pivok /.
tumbler: (drinking glass) avxork J j£>sl5 f.;
perdax m.; gilas yStf m.; peyale Jb«u f.
tummy zik Jj m.
tumult qireqir ^Jof.
tune (melody) leylan J £; (being in ~) saz jL m.
to tune ‘eyar kirin jb** vt.; (musical instruments)
saz kirin jL vt.; quTemi§ kirin
tunnel leqem £; serdab O 1 *3 J f.
tunneler leqemgi m.
• •
turban §a§ II /.; §ar I jU f.
turbid §§lo jll£
tureen zerik I /.
Turk T’irk m.; Rom m.
turkey coqcoq m.; culAX £'• ’el°k
k&rkfir m./f.; §ami m.&f.
Turkey T’irkiye f ; Rom pjb /.
Turkish t’irki C5 T > y
turkishness t’irkiti Ji f
• •
turmeric reha zer jojbfcoj /.
*
turn: (one's turn in line) dor jjj £; ger II _,<& f.\
nobet sir§ /.; (bend, in a road)
g’ivane ojliv f./m.\ (a walk) fitil JjJ f; ger II
f.
to turn: (vt.) badan <j1 jb vf.; wergerandin
vt.; zivirandin jjj)vt.; (vi.) badan jbb vt.;
qulibin (shift, move) dagerin
vi.
to turn around (vi.) (come back) fetilin ( jJjas vi.;
(vt.) zizikandin vt.
to turn back from [doing stg.] vegeTin Qjjof** vi.
[often in the neg.]
to turn out (lights) temirandin vt.
to turn out to be derhatin qjI&joj vi.;
derketin hol§ qjoSjoj. vi.
*•
to turn over (in one's mind, to mull over, contemplate)
nijandin u herifandin jjjU j*Jt 3 vt.
to turn upside down wergerandin vt.
turner (one who works a lathe) xerat o \ja£- m.
turnip §§lim f.; bin c erdk f
turquoise tebesi ; piroze
turtle: (land ~, tortoise) k’usi I §kevlatok;
■ ■
(sea ~) Teq I jdj m.
turtledove qumri f.; tilhr m.; tUtik f.
••
tusk (of elephant) qil Jjj m.
tussle cerenix^joj*^ /.
tutor lele JJm.
tweak nuqug /.; quncirik J/.
tweeting: (chirping, of birds) g’ivte-g’ivt /.
tweezers mUgink f./m.; mHk’§§ f./m.
twelve [12] donzdeh Aojjjjj/diwazdeh
twelvemonth salewext C^OjaJL- /.
twenty [20] bist I o—-o
twig g’iq ^ m.; (~ used for firewood) Kejik m.
twilight hingur f.
twin cdwi m.; cimke
twine (rope, string) §erit f; weris m.
to twinkle birusin vi.; teys dan ^40<»J Vf.
to twirl (vt.) zizikandin vf.
twist: (bend, in a road) g’ivane f./m.
to twist: (vt.) alandin jAj^bvf.; badan j)jb vf.;
htinan ^b^^ vf.
to twitch: (of eyes) niqandin I jjjUi vf.
two du I ; didh jyjj
two hundred [200] dusid
two years ago p§rar J \^
two-faced durU I j; salHs
two-facedness durUti f.
««
type: (kind, sort) cins m.; cHre m.;
Teng Jj oj m.
tyrant zordar jbjj j m.; (bully) zurbe m.
tyranny zordari ^ £; zordestl f.
835
udder guhan q\j^ mJ£\ guhandir ^ f.
ugliness p’isi f.
••
ukase ferman jLjAi f.
ulcer: (~on horse's back) cedew ^oja?. f.
to ululate tilili vedan jl vt.
ululation tilili ( J L Js i
• •
umbrella sitavk f. ; siwan /!; §emse A-^Ai
f.
umpire berevan Ud j aj m.
unaccomplished (dull) kuh jt^
unadulterated: (pure, simple) xw;
(of language) peti
unafraid g’avsor
unarmed b§g’ek
unattainable durdest O*) J
unavailable durdest o—
unbreakable xam pU.
unbridled sergerm pjAS^A*,; bur j^p.
to unbutton bi§kavtin vt.; vekirin vt.
unbuttoned vekiri ^^Taj
■ ■
uncharted (unknown) nenas aJ
uncle: (paternal) mam pL m .; ap m.;
(maternal) xal I JU. m.
unclean gepel J*y a^; mirdar ;
(of animals Muslims may not eat) mirar
uncleanliness p’isi L5 ^ /.
9 9
unclehood (maternal) xalti II /•
«•
unconcerned t’ewekel JaTojau
unconscious (having fainted, in a swoon) ne!ii§ a>
unconsciousness nefii§i ^<£^>-a> /!
i •
uncooked xam pU.
uncouth hov beme’rifet ^aaj^a^^
uncultivated: (~ land) bor III j±> /.; xam pU.
undependable t’eres ^ojaj; bSit’bar
under bin II ,>j; biniya L~o ; jer
Y A
under arrest bingav
undercooked xam pis
underground: (adj.) binax ^-Lo ; bine’rd jjAxp
underground passage: (tunnel) leqem pAjaJ /.
underhanded xewle aJ^aS
underneath bin II q.j; biniya ; j§r
underpants derp§ fejoj* m.
Y •*■
underside jer f.
undersized b§weg
vl ’tr
tegihan vi.; serederi ji f-ke/f-tt
derxistin jaj 444 j vt.
understanding fehm p.^ m.; serederi j a*
undeserving: (u. of being killed) nestele
••
undisciplined beradayi ^.1 jIj*u
to undo: vekirin vt.;
(unstitch) bi§kavtin ^pilSio vt.
undone: vekiri LSJ S'<^ ; -to be(come) undone (to
unravel) filitin ,-wjJ li vi.
* ••
to undress (vt.) §elandin vt.;
(vi.) xwe §§landin vt.
uneasy (anxious, apprehensive) kovan jUjT
unemployed (idle) tol I Jjp -
unenthusiastic b£xiret xemsar jLw*aS
••
uneven (slanted) nerast c^JjAi
V
unevenness nerasti jai f.
j ••
unexcited bexiret o>o^p-£j
unexpectedly hew niheri ^a*
••
unfaithful t’eres
unfamiliar nenas A>
to unfasten vekirin j^A3 vt.
unfastened vekiri ^Ta?
unfinished nivi§kan q\Sjus lj
*
unfortunate bextre§ b§yom pjj£j;
reben I ; deran II
unfortunately mixabin
ungenerous k§m ilisan p^T
ungrateful be nan u xwe Jc jb£j
■ ■ • ■
unhappiness sttixwari f.
unhappy aciz ; sergerdan jjaT^a^ ;
stuxwar
unharmed saxlem pAlsL ; qenc ^JaS
unhealthy bedKal JL>ja>
to unhook vekirin j^TA? vt.
unimpressed: -to be unimpressed aqilfi fk-§ jd
nabirin vt -
uninhabited xop’an jl
union yekiti f.
unique b§hempa
f.
836
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
U
unirrigated land d§m p3 j
unit (military) rez I Jjj selef m.; (one of a
pair or set) fer I jai kit oi" t’ek Jaj f.
to unite (vi.) (come together) yek bfrn Jaj vi.; yek
girtin qj Jaj vf.; gihi§tin hev vi.;
(vt.) (bring together, reconcile) p’§kanin ^\S «jll>
vt;
united yekbuyi
99
units of measure: (2 kg.) kod sg (for grain) somer
(1/4 donum = 250 square meters) lat /.
= tej I j'oj
units of weight: (2-10 kg.) batman I jLjL f.
unity yekiti (J ^S ^u /.
»%
universality t’omeri /.
••
universe (fig.) Xurustan f.
university zaningeh j univ§rsit§
unjust *narewa; gelac m.
unknown nenas ^baj
unlawful: (according to Islamic law) ne§eri ^a-iai
• •
unleavened §keva UaCi
unless ilia ^LLs
«•
unlettered nexwendi
cahil JaU /cib§l
unlikely dfrr
unlimited befred ja*.^
••
to unload dakirin j vt.
unluckiness bSyomi malxirabi ^1 ^iJL /.
unlucky bextfe§ beoxir jsZSfe ; malxirab
vi; d§ran II ^1 JSj; (bringing misfortune)
b@wa I b@yom j sergerdan jj j jaSjAm
unmarried azib v jb m •
unmatched (unrivalled) bShempa l-^a^L
unnoticed teletel JauaJaj
unoccupied: (idle) betal Jbaj
unpleasantness oyin q^P f.
unprocessed xam pU.
unprofitable tew§
unprotected b§pi§t
to unravel (vi.) filitin vi.
unreachable durdest
unreal nerast net’§
unrefined (coarse, rough) p’arsft-qalim pJU^jb;
stfrr
unregistered (lacking official papers) kitm
unreliable feres ^ OJ aj; ava bin ka§ ^
99
bSit’bar ,Ls
■ •*
unrestrained b§g’ serxwe§
t’ewekel J oSojdj
unripe xam pU.; xang II; (of fruits) kerik I J j*T f.\
•C cucumber, zucchini, etc.) xirtik I Jj^ f.;
(~ melon) k’al II JIT; talik «JJb m.;
(~ pistachioes, wheat, etc.) firik f.
unripeness (of fruits) k’alti II Tf.
unrivalled behempa
unruliness serbi§ki f.; serk’§§i ( pZf J A^ f.
•*
unruly serbi§k JjS^ ja«; serk’§§ I ^^**■*5^ A-*V ; bur ;
nesekini l$ Sa^a^
■ »
unsavory: (person) b£ol J
to unscrew sist kirin (yjf c—*vt.; vekirin vt.
unseasoned: (bland) keli II ^af
unskilled destgiran jl
unsophisticated xe§im p^a^.; sawilke aSJj ^L
unsteady: -to be ~ tertilin <j*Jb joj vi.
to unstitch bi§kavtin vt.
unsure: (u. of oneself) p’arsfrxwar j L
untamed k’uvi
untidiness mirdar! j ^ /.
untied: -to be(come) untied filitin vi.
until beta L.^ ; t’a IV b
■
untilled (land) xam pli
untouched (virgin) xam pU-
untraceable beserberat 5 o!jajj<u^
••
untreated xam pU.
untroubled b§xem p^^
untrue (incorrect) xelet §a§ I nerast
o-«/1 j«u;
untrusting (suspicious of others) k , umfe§ Jlo
untruth: (lie) derew j0j oj vir II Ji nerasti
• •
untrustworthy t’eres ^ojaj; ava bin ka§ #1*0* 1*1*:
beol
99
unusual awarte *Sj 1 3 b
unwillingness b§dili f.
«• ••
unworried bexem
I 99
to unyoke cot vekirin vt.
up jor jjj'; silal JY-; hevraz j) bala bani
I^L; berbijor serbijor
up to (until) beta b«^ ; t’a IV b
up toward Taber j«v1j
updated (informed, aware) serwext
uphill slope jiheli ^ *j*j m.\ hevraz jl m./f
99
upper jorin -u. part/side f§z yli
hindav f./m.
837
u
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
*
upper arm mil m.
uproar hose /.; k’eft tl left oi«J 3
qerqe§ftn II c j a ^As J ^; (loud noise) gurln
qerebalix qireqir ^3of.
to uproot (extirpate) hilkirin vf.; k’ok
qelandin JjT vf.; k’ok rakirin qJ]j JjT
vt\
(pull out, extract) hilk’i§andin vf.
upset [ adj .] aciz ; aloz ^JlJ; bek’ef
dilteng p’eptik I p’eri§an
qUo^aj ;
-to be - bena fk-6 teng btln ( j a ^> Jj < 0 ‘.,. vi ;
(animals) veciniqin vi.;
(stomach) xelin vi.
upset [n.] dilteng! p’er!§an!
• • vi
qelq ^ *s f.
to upset wergerandin qj>j) vt .; t’ekdan ^IaSI;
vf.; (torment, bother) ‘aciz kirin vf.;
z§randin vt.
upside down vaji
• €
upstairs jor jjJ; silal
upstream f@za gem )^ls
upward(s) jor jjj - ; hevraz jl bala ‘yL; bani y L;
berbijor jjJjjaj; serbijor jJJjj*-*, ; jSla *iZj
upward of ji ...ft p§hel Ja$ 1>
to urge on: (drive, spur) xurTn III ^j^ vt.;
xurandin vt.
urgent [bi] lez I j«J[ v ]
to urinate mistin vt.
urine m!z £; destav J
M 9
urticaria: (hives, nettle rash) ldr f.
us me ^
usage Tesim ^ 0j m./f.
use: (benefit, advantage) feyde oaj<\s £
to use bi kar anin 5 j IT v ; ‘emilandin
vf.; xebitandin ^ajLjas vf.
to use sparingly hev§andin jjjUil* vf.
used to: (accustomed to) ; -to get/grow ~j
h!n[! ...] bftn vi.;
’elimin vi.;iahatin vi. [+li];
-to get ~ (gradually): 1§ banin ^iy vi.
••
useful kerhati ^ la JlS; -to be useful bi kdr hatin
^•U^rv vi."
useless befeyde ojo*s,v; b§k§r ; beraday!
y p’ug 5 t’ewekel JaTojaj ; tew§
uselessness bo§ahi I £
USSR Sovetistan £
usurpation k’otek
utensil: amir m./£; alav II d^L c m.\ p’ergal II
(dish, vessel) derdan II ^Iajoa £
uterus: (cow’s ~) z! I £
••
to utilize bi kar anin 5 jlT v ; ’emilandin
vf.; xebitandin ^jjLoap. vf.
to utter dey kirin qJ' vf.
utterly lap ; peva l£o
*
838
V
vacancy valayt ^fa f.
vacant aza[d] bo§ I jtp ; betal JIja*; vala
to vaccinate tamandin qjjLIj vt.
vagabond ep’eri m.; mirt’ib m.
mm
vagina quz jp m.; virgik f.; zilikdLLj f.;
(cow's) zi I f.
mm
vagrant (adj.) derodero jjjojjijoj; sergerdan Jj <>S J A*4V \
(n.) gede m.\ £p’eri (S j<^ m.
mm
vain: (futile) betal Jb aj; -in vain badihewa Ija^jL
vale best o— aj f.
m
valet p§§xizmet m.\ xizmetk’ar jISjav^
m.; xulam m.; gawi§ jSojU. m.; pi§ek’ar
jlSaJLo m.
^ ■■ y
valley geli II m.\ dehl Jaoj f./m.; best o~aj f.;
••
(deep, narrow) dol II Jp f ; newal JljAj f ; (dry
riverbed, wadi) mesil J^~a^ f
valor cam§ri f.; merdayi f
•« ••
valorous cam§r
valuable binerx \ bi qimet
value biha l# m.; qimet m./f.\ nerx £ja3 f./m.;
hgjayi f.; it’bar f.
Van (city) Wan II q)^ f.
vanguard berahik JaIjaj f; cephe f.
to vanish beta vebfln q&><h Ijaj vi.; [ji ber] winda
bfln q&> IjJj [j*; j]vi.; red biln joj vi.;
roda gfln c j 5 ^* bjj vf; p’enese bfin c j 5 ^ a^aJaj
vi.
vanished p’enese Aj Aj
to vanquish (defeat) revandin vt.
vanquisher serfiraz ji Jj< u* m.
vapor hilm ^JL& f.; dilk’el JaS^j f./m.
variant guharto pjLtp^ f.\ §ov pp f.
varicella (chicken pox) mirkut f
variola (smallpox) xurik JL f
vase guldank dbljJ £ f.
vast teriki II ^ Aj
vat: (for storing grape molasses] lin m.
vegetable stew metfini f.
vegetables he§inati ^Lu^aa f [3]; dikak JISj pi.;
deramet I oaJjoj m.; emi§ JpPP m. [2];
p’incar m./f.
* • V
vegetation he§inati ^Iu^aa £
vehemence tundi £; fiiddet oojjo. £
M
vehement dijwar jljjj ; tund
vehicle (means, medium) navgin qJjU f.
veil gadir jjL. £; garik JjL» f./m.; garsev «Jaj:jL.
• v v
£; p’erde oJjAj f; pege a=w £; (bridal v.) h§zar
f; xeli I LS SZs- f./m.; p£ga btik§ l=w f.
_ _ •• ••
vein: reh a*j £; betan qIjaj m.; temar jLaJ £;
(central ~ of leaf) bisti ( jp f.;
mm
(large ~ in sheep's leg) kezike aCjaT f.
velocity lezti ^jaJ f.
mm
velvet qedife aAjjaj m.; mexmer ja^a^, m.; *demi?
vengeance tol II Jp f.; lieyf ^ a^ f.
venom jehr pt> 0 j f.\ axu ^-15 f.
ventilator p’erwane AJ Ijj Aj f.
Venus: (morning star) karwankuj j^ljjlTf.
veranda berbanik m.\ heywan I aa /.
verb l@ker jaSIJ fel II Jy f./m.
verbal noun rader j f.
w
verbal sparring §eredev ooJojAi; f.
verdict Kuk’um m.; daraz j) j) j f.
verdure heginati ^“Lu^aa £; k’eskayi ^IS^ATf.
•• ••
to verify pi§trast kirin qJ' vt.
verse: (of poetry) beyt COAJ f.
version §ax ^-U f./m.; §ov f; guharto pJjbjf £
vertebra derzen jojjoj f.
verticle sttini
• •
very gelek[i] [^IfAJAT; p’ir II ze’f <jt± 0 j; qewi
• •
^Aj; lap y'V ; t’ewri ^ a3 ‘; zor II jjj; -the v.
•• ••
(e.g., the very one) hema La jt>
very much gelek[i] [ U ]S "aJa^; p’ir II ze’f
qewi ^aj; lap t’ewri zor II jjj
•• ••
vessel: (container, bowl) aman qUJ m./f.;
firaq p f./m.; derdan II f; (long,
shallow copper 'for serving rice) lali II f.;
^ ••
(for water) gumgum m./f;
vest: (Kurdish men’s ~) g’ekband jjLTa^ pf ;
(embroidered ~) delme aJoj m.;
(shepherd's felt ~) k’epenek JajajaT m.
vestibule sivder jo±£~ f.; heywan I qI^aa f.
vetch §olik JU pi m./f.
veterinarian beyt’ar jLq aj m.
veterinary doctor beyt’ar jLq aj m.
839
V
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
vexation diltengl f
vexed dilteng
vicious g’avsor dir jj; gur§x ^
viciousness g’avsorl b. f
ww
victim qurban f.
victor alt’dar jIjjJU m.\ serdest m.;
serfiraz jj m.
victorious serdest -to be ~ serk’etin
<vSj«x»*u vi.
victory serk’etin f.; alt’indari /;
*•
serfirazi Jij<^ f.
w ■
victuals (good food) naz ti ne’met J j\j)
view: (opinion) ditin Qjjy f.\ n§t 0 J 0 f.
vigorous xurt o J# ci¬
vile xop’an
village gund jj £ m.
village chief k 5 eya m.; k’ewxwe m.;
muxtar m.
village elder rfspi Ls ^i.j m.
village guard mills <^- 1 * m.
village head k’eya L*T m.\ k’ewxwe © 3 ^ 3 ^ m.;
muxtar jLi.^ m.
villager gundi jJ* m.
villain margisk J^fjL m.
vindicated: -to be ~ FtiyS xwe spi
kirin ^ ^ ^ &jsj vt.
aa
vine m§w m.
vine stock (grapes) m§w m.;
(watermelon, etc.) lem m.
vinea girpe m.
vinegar sihik I f.
vineyard Tez m.
vintner Tezvan jU>j m.
violence tundi k’otek doj'jf zor I jjj /.
violent tund jJ jj' J dir
violet binef§ j. (purple) binef§i mor I
Y
viper (adder) margisk m.
virgin bik’ur J3 £; xam ^.L.
virginity qizti f
Virgo simbil I f.
virtue h£jay! hiner m./f.
aa
vis-a-vis himberi
a
viscera (of animals) p’iztir ^ 33 ^ pl./f.
viscous g’ir II
3 y V
visibility: (v. at a distance) pehni II f-
aa
visible: diyar jLj; k’if§ jLif; xan§
xuya L^s.; p’eyda -to be ~ dergiin q^joj
vi.; hatin xan§ £jU. vi.
vision (dream) xewn ^< 0 . f;
(faculty of sight) binahi f
••
visit seradan jblj<u m§vani
ziyaret oajluj £/m.; (of married woman
to her father's house) zeyti f
aa
to visit seradan jblj*-. vt.; gtin m§van jUl*
vi .; me van! gtiy in ^ ;
(a sick person) saxti kirin L vt.
aa
vital fer II j*i
vitriol §eb (.J f*
vizier wezir
voice deng I «idoj m.; sewt 03 f.
void betal
volley: (fusillade) §elik JiLi /./m.;
(salvo) derb ujoj /./m.
volume: (bulk, size) govek f.
to vomit vefegin vi.; dil rabun;
-to cause to ~ vere§andin jjjvf.
voracious xure
vortex zivirok f.
vote deng I Jj<o m.
to vote deng dan jlj Jj<o vf.;
-to v. into office (elect) hilbijartin qj vt.
to vouchsafe layiq kirin vt.
vow: sond qesem m.; ’ehd m./f.;
(conditional pledge) nezir jJaJ f.
to vow 'ehd xwerin qjo^. vf.;
sond xwarin vt.
vulgar (course) sttir
vulnerable b§pi§t
«•
vulture sisalk JJL^ f.; kurt II 0 /m.;
xertel m.; (bearded ~) dalere§ m.;
(red ~) s§mir ^Z^ m.
vulva quz m.; virgik f.
840
f
\
wadi dehl Jaoj f./m.; mesil J^~a^ f.
wager (bet) mere I £ja* f./m .; §ert ojAi m./f;
migilge *fL>^ ; rehin f.
to Meager (place a bet) mere girtin qj vt.;
§ert girtin qj j? vt.
wages me’a§ m./f.; heq jaa m.
to wail: (scream) qurin vi .; zirin qjjJ vi.;
(of dogs) kastekast kirin qJ' o^ISaavIT vt.;
(lament for the dead) lorin vi.
wailing: qurin /.; (of dogs) kastekast o~*ISaa~IT
f.
waist bejn jjAj navteng Jj a^'Ij nav II <Jli
/./m.; k’ember ja^aT newq ^aj /.
waistband k’ember ja^*aT"
waistcoat: (Kurdish men’s vest) g’ekband jjL5a> pi.
to wait [for] li bend! fk-e/ft-i man ...^jJaj J vi.;
«%
g’av li r§ biin JJL. gavneriya
yeki kirin ( j^T... L^laL. vt.; pan I vt.; li
hdviya fk-e/ft-i man ... J vi.;
rawestan vi.;
sekinin ^.^Aw vi.; riya fk-£, /f-f k'i§andin
qaj Uf L.j vt.; (be patient) sebr kirin
vt.; tami§ kirin c j^T ji^ob vt.
waiting: (anticipation) g’avnih^rf f.
m*
to waiver tertilin vi.
to wake up: (vi.) (to awaken) Ki§yar biin jU>
vi.; ji xew rabiin j vi.; (vt.) Ki§yar
kirin jLa.-v vt.; ji xew§ rakirin ^as j
9*
vt.;
to wake with a start (vi.) veciniqin vi.
walk (a spin, constitutional, some exercise)
fitil Jxj f; ger II jaT f; (outing) seyran a~ f->
seyrange <&\ ^a* £; (manner of walking)
bi r§ ve gun a£j V f.
to walk me§in q^a. vi.; bi re ve giin a£j V vi.
wall: (city wall) beden I ^oja /.; siir I ^ £; §iire
oj&i f.\ (house wall) diwar j1*jo m.
wall gecko kilife oJiJf m.; marmaro§k I J-^jLjL /.
wall-partition: (wooden) derabe a>1joj m./f.
walnut giiz f.
wanderer mi§ext o^a^ m.&f.
wandering (adj.) derodero sergerdan
(jl JjA^A_«tf
wandering (n.) k’og II ^f f./m.
want daxwaz £; arzti^jjb f./m.; merem
m./f.; miraz m./f
to want xwestin yf. I viyan yf. [+ obi.
pm.]
war §er I V Ai m.\ ceng Js**. /.; (campaign) safer ja»a-
f.
war materiel k’el il p’elen ceng§ qIJajj JaT
• •
pi.
war of words §eredev <J<oo j a: f.
T
warehouse 'embar jL*as- /
wares mal II JL m.; e§ya L^a5 m.; pertal JbjAj pi.
warm germ ^jaT
to warm up to: (get used to gradually) 1§ banin
vi.
off.
warmth germ! ^j*f f\ germ ^
to warn §iret kirin Qjf ooj-j; vt.
warning §iret c f; t’emi ^aj f.
99
warrior §ervan jUjAi m.; 'efat o.Uas^ m.; nefer
f./m.; tekoger m.
warship ferg§t £
wart belaluk II uJ^J^aj f.
to wash §fi§tin vt.;
(clothes) balav kirin ^j^J^Lvf.
wash basin §ikev oaSa: f.
washer: (small perforated disk fastening pin to beam of
plow) berxep uAi j Aj /.; *bose; (washing machine)
makina cil§u§tine
Y
LS
u 3
w w
washing machine makina cil§u§tin§ luSt*
• •
f.
wasp zilketk JjASJ j/zirketk itibzfjj f. ; moz I
moza qirtik lj^;*pizang
waste: -to go to ~ ber t’elef gfin »JaJa3' jaj vi.
wasted: -to be ~ ber t’elef gun j*j vi.
watch (patrol, guard duty) nobet o«ojp f.
to watch (observe) n§rin vt.; m@ze
kirin j^f vt.; fericin vi.; t§
fikirin w - ; 1® t 5 ema§e kirin jj' a^Laj^J
•» •«
vt.
to watch out for pan I jL vt.
watchman mifirdi m.; nobetdar jl ajajJj m.;
99
pawan I q\^ m qerewil J \ 3 oj*s m.\ segman
lLo5^A-**/ 223.
841
w
water av «Jl$ /.
water bearer dewlgi m.
water bottle gumgum m./f.
water closet avdestxane ail^-ojils f; avT§j I
f.; golik III da§ir f; destav
■
destavxane a)U*L-*oj £; edebxane ajL*JoJa! f.
water jug: sewil Jj^a*, m.; (small or medium sized)
k’edfin ^jafm.
water moss k’evz ji'aT f.
water pitcher §erbik d->ja£ m./f.
watercress piz m.; kizmas m.; ttlzik
c/ Te§ad jLwO j dejnik j f.
waterfall §ip f./m.; (small) §iler jJj: f.; §irav «Jl
f
waterhose marpig ^ujL m./f.; sonde ojoJJ Mi f.
waterlogged: to be ~: betilin (jJ-ka y i-
watermelon zebe§ jia^oj m.\ §ifti ( jJlL m.; k’al III
JLT m.
watermelon patch p’arez I jpjL /.; werz j JdJ m.
waterpot §erbik d-jjai m.//!
wave p’61 Jx> f.; mewc c^a* /; elk’an ^ISly m.
to wave: (vi.) p’el dan jljJlj vf.; (vt.) (to shake at)
dawe§andin vt.; kil II kirin vt.;
Kejandin vf.;
to waver dudil bun vi.
wavering dudil Jj 3 j
wax mhm pj^ §ema Lai /!
way: (road) re /!; dirb I vj j /.; (manner, style) awa
• •
IjlS m.; celeb I v aJa=w m.; cflre m.; reng
Jjoj m.; t’eher m.; form ^ f.
way of life rabun li runi§tin 3 f;
way out: (of difficult situation) hiner j<uj& m./f; llac
f.; p’ergal I Jl f.; -to find a way out Kunar
aitin/kirin qJ'/ qjj j jb J= w vt.
wayfarer rewi ^3 j m.
■ •
we em pa!
weak beiial JL.^; lawaz j) 3 ^; qels I <jJ as>; sist
zeyf Ulioj; b4weg sis II (lacking in
energy) bet§n (sickly) mon ; p’epflk I
■ ■
.J^a; -to become ~ qudum §kestin aS "jju p53
vi.
weak spot zeda mezin ^ja* Loj f.
to weaken (vi.) hilwe§in vi.; §ihitin
vi.
weakness qelsi ^^-Jas f.; sisti f; zeifi Ls iJoj f;
(being sickly) moni f .; (deficiency, problem)
zede djoj /.
weak-sighted §evkor j^SSai
wealth dewlemendi ^jJa^aJjoj £; dewlet o^aJjoj £;
••
maldari malhebtin c j 5 ^ ! a d JL /.
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
wealthy dewlemend jJa*aJjoj; maldar jIjJL ; xurt
to wean ji §ir birin j vt.
weapons cebirxane aiU-^a^ f.; g’ek -Ja». m./f.; sileh
I Jt> aJw-ww f; espab L>m44/ pl.
to wear li xwe kirin qJ' J vf. ; wergirtin
v f
to wear out: (vi.) pizirin qjjJp vi.; (vt.) (tire out)
westandin vt.
to wear thin pizirin vi.
weariness westan I jL-oj f.
weary westiyayi ; re c t II OCPOj ; qefili ;
•• ••
-to be w. westin vi.; Te c t bfinj^ oj^oj vi.
weather hewa ) 3 a & f.
to weave ragandin jjjU-lj vt.; ginin vt.;
hunan vt.
web (cobweb) t’evn ^'ai 1 m./f.; t’evnpirk f
wedding de’wat m./f.; cejin jja^. f.; dilan
f; nikha I^Sj mehir ^jba^ f.
wedding procession xeli II L5 ho- f.
• A
wedge sipSne a^. /1/m.
Wednesday Car§em paijU. /.
weed ade <ol5 m./f.; a§ef UiLzij f.; ziwan O^J f.
to weed a§Sf kirin vf.
weeding (n.) ade u xepare ojLia3.jojlj f.
week Keft§ I f.
to weep girin ^ J* vi.
weighbridge qeynt’er ja^uai' f.
weight girani jf f.; t’eqil Jia m s f.; (importance)
giringi ^ _S f; (person’s w.) k’a§ I Ji IT f.
weir: (dam) bend I jJa^ sikir JL* f.
to welcome (guests) qebfll kirin asvf .
well (adj.) (healthy, in good health) sax^-L; saxlem
paliL ; p’ak JU; qenc selamet o^a^a*,; ser
Tenge xwe ^ cfi 0 J j> (adv.) [bi]
P’ a ki ySL. [vl f-
well (n.): (pit) bir II ^ f.; g’al II JU- /.
well! interj. ca U.; de I oj; k’ani II
••
well-being saxi f; selameti ^a^^a^ f.
■ ■ ■■
well-dressed xemili
well-fortified ase ^15
well-known navdar jIaSU; binav H deng 3
well-mannered 'edeb I uoJ
■
well-meaning x§rxwaz
well-off p’i II ^
well-proportioned bejnzirav J>\ jj^ja^
well-to-do p’i II ^
••
well-wisher x§rxwaz m.; xudanx§r
m.
f.
842
well-wishing x§rxwazi ^jl
English—Kurdish Vocabulary
west roj-ava ti'Ujgj Z; moxrib in.//,
wet (of animate things) §il I J-i ;
(of inanimate things) ter jaj; (damp) nem pAj
to wet §il kirin J-i vf.
wet land (irrigated land) rifse A~ij m .
wetness nemayi ^.Laj /; §ili /
wet-nurse dayin III /
whale hUt m.
what gi g
what for? (why) gima? bo gi (jpp/, qey ^a*
•• ••
whatchamacallit ewk JjaS ; ew§ di ^j^aS
*« «•
whatever hergi ko AJ&
what’s-his-name behvan ^Uufcou ; filan filankes
^aSjY*; ewk Jja!
wheat genim m.; (boiled ~) danti m./pl
(roasted grains of ~) qeynok Jj^oAi m.; types
of wheat : bijire§ jlojp m.; gewre o^aT m. =
*beyazi; qend[eh]ari ^jlUo ]jj as m.\ sorgul I
cJ_5-^i5 -w in.
wheat germ (cracked ~) savar jbL m./f.
wheel gerx ^ Z/m.
to wheeze int’in vi.
whelp g 5 §jik m./f ; t£jik /; cewr j^a?.
m./f.] ktidik Z./m.
to whelp t’eliqin vi.
when: ( interr .) k’engi ^aS?; gigaxi ? >
• • ■ ■
giwext? (con;.) dema ku ; gava ku
jSWS;
wexta [ko] [jbl Us©*; (as soon as) Keta Ua^
whence (from where) ji k’u [der§]
where? [li] k’u II^T[J]; k’u dere k’a II IT;
k’ani II ^ If
to whet (sharpen) hes&n c j 33 _~AA vf.; stitin ^>^ 3 - vf.;
ttij kirin
whether k’a II IT; gika 1C* ; be II -w. ... or gi ...
gi ^ ... £■; sewa ... sewa Ija-* ... )ja«
whetstone hesan II ^Laa m.
which ko I
whichever hergi ko j^T^jaa
while bistek Jaju.-o f.\ heyam pbA* m.\ keli cr hTZ;
qeder I jojas m./f.; x§l /
whim (desire, fancy) qim f.
whimpering: (of dogs) kfizktiz f]
vinge-ving Xi Z
whip qamgi in¬
to whip qamgi kirin q^T vt.
to whip up: (goad, spur on, of animals) xurin III (jtj**-
vt.; xurandin vt.
whipping qamgi ^ m.
to whirl (vt.) zlzitandin vt.
w
ill.
whirlpool zivirok Jjyj /; gerinek Ja^jaT /
whirlwind babelisk JL^Ja^L. Z
• •
whiskers (moustache) simb§l f/m./pl.
whisper p’isep’is ^a-u Z; kurt fi pist 3 ojjTZ;
p’ist’in Z
to whisper p’isp’isandin ^ Aj l vf.; p’ist’in
vi.] p’isep’is kirin vt.
whisperer p’isp’isok II m.
whistle: (with the lips) fitik I Jsp f.
to whistle fikandin (jjjlSli vt.
whistling fitik I Z; fikandin (jjJlSlj vt.
white (adj.) spi I Lsr , ; sis I ; sade ojL ;
(snow white) qerqa§ jiUjAj ; gil-sipi C5 ~* ;
(white ears of goats) taq ^b
white (n.) (of egg) spilik I Z
white arsenic: (=arsenic trioxide) mergemu§
f./m.
white meat (of poultry) spilik II dl™, Z
whiteness spitayi Z.
• ■
whitethorn §ilan I Z
whitewash ces ^a^ Z; gee ^-aTZ; k’ils {J JS' f.
to whittle t J era§tin jaj vt.
who k’i
whoever hergi ko jZ^jAA
« •
whole (adj.): t’emam pLAi'; (healthy) sax^-L;
saxlem pAlsL ; qenc ^a 3 ; selamet
whole (n.) (aggregate) t’emami ^Laj- Z; t’evahl ^Ua;
** M
z
wholeness saxi Z.
wholly lap ; p@va L%; bi t 5 omer!
whooping cough xendxendok JjjjAijjAS Z
whore qab II V U Z; qalt’ax ^LJU Z; tol I Jp Z.
why gima? Lo-; bo gi (j^p] qey ^a*
wick fitil Z
wicked deed xirabi ^l>Z
• 9
wickedness (evil) §er II m.] xirabi Z
wide berfireh Ao^ jaj; fireh j] pehn I
(of stitches) fir II j
widespread belav .J^aj; berfireh Ao
widow bejin /•; bi I jinebl ^* 3 ; f.
.. »»
widower bdjin m.; bi I ^ m.] jinmiri m.
M
width (breadth) firehi Z; pehni II /.
wife jin jj Z; kevani Z; k’ulfet o<^>TZ;
• •
hurmet oa^j^a Z; z§g Z
wild goli I ; hov ojjb; k’Hvi t’or II ;
•• ••
weK§ jlo-oj; (impetuous, stormy) dir jj;
(unrestrained) K£g’ t’ewekel JaTo 3 aj; (in
sexual matters) (of women) quzhar ;
quzferiti
843
w
wild animal tabe ajU* /.Am.; terawil J^Ijaj m.;
WeK§ JLa-q* /
wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus , cardoon) kereng
JlojoS'm./f.
wild bean §olik «sU}-£ m./f.
wild garlic sirim /
wild pea §olik JJyb m./f.
wilderness beri II ^jaj /; gol /; pasar jLL
mm
wildlife (fauna) tav ft teyr 3 d>b
[tabe u teyr 3 Ajb]
wildness hoviti /; weh§i
will: (desire) viyan ^jUi /; (future marker for verbs) we
II ^3 ; (last ~ and testament) wesyet o<w *>5 Z
■ *
willful beradayi ^IjIjaj
« ■
willing qani c qayil J~ob; razi j
willingness qayili Z; fazilixi C 5 ^4.j1 j f
willow benav Jib^o Z; bi II ^ Z
willy-nilly bive-nev§ b§Iiemdt
#• •«
xwe o^s. ; bi zor be, bi xwe§i
■ « • •
be aj ^^q 3 ^- *\j jjj u
to wilt g’ilmisin vi.
wily: (shrewd) §eytan ^Lja^
to win: serk’etin ^aS^a-* vi.\
(at a game) [ji+] birin ^ [£j] vt.
•• ^
to win back (reconquer) vegirtin qj a* vt.
wind: (atmospheric) ba I b m.
to wind alandin jjj^bvZ; htinan ^b^ vt.; (~ up a
clock) badan ^Ijb vt.; bar kirin jb vt.
to wind around peg’avtin vt.
window p’encere oja^aj £; p’ace a^L Z; §ibak JLi;
Z
windpipe zengelilk J^JaCoJ Z
windstorm babelisk Z; barove A&jjb Z
wine mey; §erab V 1 j /!
wine-grower Tezvan ^U'joj m.
wineskin Kiz > 0 . m.
wing qol I m.; (of bird) bask <-Lb m.;
geng I <Jja^ Z; p’er jaj m./f.; qanat obb m.
winner alt’dar J jcJb m.; serdest c-oJja^ m.;
winnow: (sieve) bejing Jjj^b Z
to winnow dSrandin jjj)^3 j vf.
winter zivistan jLuij Z; -dead of winter gel§ {J**. m.
mm
to wipe: mali§tin vt.; p’aqij kirin qJ' jib vt.;
vemali§tin qjjJLoj vt.;
(rub, polish) hesfln ^j^aa vt.
to wipe out (render extinct) ocax kor kirin
y f
wire t’§l Jlj f./m.
wiry g’ir II
Lerem
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
wisdom aqil Jib m.; zaneti ^ajIj Z;
mm
me’rifet o^a^ Z
wise zane a;)j; maqfll J^'L
wiseman maqul J^jL m.
wish arza jjjjb Z; daxwaz Z; viyan jLi Z;
A.© m./f.; miraz m./f; Kez ja> Z;
qim Z
to wish xwestin rv » Vf.
to wish well (on a holiday) piroz kirin vt.
witch pirhevok Z
with: (accompanying) bi ... Ta 1 * digel JaTj;
V
t’ev I Jaj ; (by means of) bi v ; p§ I ^
to withdraw: (vi.) xwe veki§andin; haviban
mm
vi.
to wither (vi.) beyin ^ a> vi.; g’ilmisin vi.;
qermig’in aj vi.; qulibin vi.; sis
ban vi.; (vt.) qermig’andin ^jjL^jaj vt.
withered sis II
within di ... da
without be I
L>-
mm
without a sound teletel JajaJaj
without fail ilia ^LlJ; ’ese a-vAp ; helbet oaJaa;
teqez j aj a y
to withstand: (endure) teyax dan jl ^LajvZ;
tami§ kirin b vf.
witness (n.) §ade ojb m.
witnessing §ahadi Z
woe derd m.; (interj.) way
wolf gur I J3 f/ gurg J3 f m.; (male ~) n§regur J3 fo
m.
woman jin jj - Z; pirik Z; k’ulfet oa-J^TZ;
hurmet oA^ J3 jfc Z; (noble) xatan c j a5 jU. Z
womanizer tolaz j^2p> m.
women and children zav-zeg .Jlj
wonder: (marvel) 'ec§b ^J^a^ Z; sosret
wondrous thing ’ec§b vb^-A^ Z
wood: (material) dar II jl j m.
wood grouse (blackcock) por I jp f./m.
wood shavings qir§ ji m.
woodcutter darbir j m.
V *
wooden darin ^jIj
wooden board dep uaj m./f.
wooden stick dar II jIj m.
woodpecker darnekol J^TaJjIj Z; darbir m.;
kutkut o
woods daristan jL-vjlj Z; dehl Jaoj f./m.;
m§§e aAI^ Z/m.; r§l Jjj Z
wool hiri Z; (angora ~) merez II joj^t Z;
(goat's) kej II JaT Z; (lamb's ~) liva U) Z;
(garment or carpet of coarse “) lop J Z
844
English-Kurdish Vocabulary
wool-beater livajen jojUJ m.&£\ kiirinc ui.&f.
wool-carder livajen jojlaJ m.&f.; kiirinc m.&f.
wool-comber livajen jojUJ m.&f.-, kiirinc
m.&f.
wool-fluffer livajen jojUJ m.&f.; kiirinc ^ J33 f m.&£
word peyiv £.; b6je ojl. £; gotin f.\
lavz m.‘, pirs £; xeber j <VJ f/m.\
§or I /; zar I jlj m.\ lewxet J /;
(promise) soz m./f.; qirar J j* m./£;
words gill I L$ \f m.\ laqirdi ^ m./£; qise f;
• ■ m »
qewl JjAjf m./f.
work: k 5 ar II jlT m./f.; xebat oL ^ f ; §uxul
J^3^/§oI Jjjs m./f.; i§ m.; ’emal m./f;
emek m.; (agricultural ~) hodaxti f ;
• »
p’aleyt ^ JL f; (hard ~) xebat
k’edj *Tf; k’eft ti left oJ J 3 oJ f.;
(literary) afirandin jjj)_>ttf.; berhem f;
nivisar I f; (service) xizmet f ;
qulix ~J f ; (keeping o.s. busy)
mijftlahi £
• # ^
to work xebitin vf; k’ar kirin vf.;
§ixulin vi.; qulix kirin vf.
work boots potin f/m.
worker k’arker xebatk’ar jlSbL^i. m.\
erxat oii JL5 m.\ (agricultural ~) p’ale JL m.;
hodax m.; mi§ag m.
workman p’ale JL m.; xebatk’ar jl$SL*a. m.
workshop: (artisan's ~) dezgeh aJjoj £
world dinya Uj cihan £; (the whole all of
humanity) dinyalik JJLo^ £
worldly: (sophisticated) dinezan jljboj
worm kurm pj^Tm.;
(green ~s that damage crops) ma§ot opL £
worn out kevnare ojLi; rizi ^jj
• •
worried: kovan ; Te‘t II o-poj ; -to be worried
[about] xem xwarin p*s. vf.; [bi ... re]
Keyrin Uj ♦
Te‘t bftn ( j 43 _> j Vi.
worry: (care) cefa m.; 'emal JL^ m./f; k’eder
jojai"f; k’erb uj J £; k’eser aT f; kovan jUjT
f; kul I J^T m./f; §ayi§ ju jU //pi.; tat§l Jl;b f.;
xem f; xiyal JLo. f.; t’efektlri £
I ••
to worry xem xwarin vt.; xem k’i§andin
vf.; xem kirin ^ vf.; k’eder
k 5 i§andin jjjUf vf.; fikirin vf;
ber fk-d , ff-f k’etin vi.; Telit
kirin vf.; k’etin xeman vi.
worry beads t’izbi m./f.
worse xirabtir k’ambaxtir
L £
w
to worship perestin vt.
worsted Tts m.
worth: (n.) biha l# m.\ nerx £j*j> £./m.\ qimet o«wj
m./£; qedir I m.; hejayi ^ 1 ^ 1 * it’bar
•«
(adj.) binerx h§ja I IjIa
worthiness layiqi £
•«
worthless p’dg’g^.; beradayi j<^; tew§ ;
t’ewt’ewe o^ 3 oj
worthy heja I a; layiq st§l
would that (if only) xwezi [+ past subj.]
wound: (injury) birin §ewat £
wounded birindar Jj-o j
wrap: (cloak, aba) 'eba L«u> /;
(type of sandwich) balolk JJjJL /; Kog m .
to wrap p’§g’an v’f.; p§g 5 avtin qJUIj vt.
to wrap around (one’s arms) werandin I jjj )joj vt.
wrath hers £ \ xezeb uoJ tVa- /.
wreath: (garland) gulwaz gulbend
£
to wreck xirab kirin V 1 vf.
to wrestle gula§ girtin ^Jji%f vt.;
xwe ledan jljJ ^ vf.;
wrestling bimbarekiya desta Ll^ojL^jL^
/destebimbarek! gula§ Jfij'f.;-
••
pijan I
wretched: (poor, miserable) belengaz jISj J^;
malxirab ; miskin ;
Teben I q*>oj ; p’eri§an p’epdk I
§erpeze < 5 jj ^ j sefil 0 Lil*,;
sergerdan h§sir I m.\
(distressed) bikul J^Sb; stdxwar
wretchedness (distress) sthxwari £
to wring: (-out the water) guva§tin vf.
wrinkle qermigok j^j - £
to wrinkle (vt.) qermig’andin jdj vt.
wrinkled: girj ; -to be ~ qermig’in ^.jaj vi.
wrist zend I jJoj £./m.\ bask «tLL m.;
megek f./m.
to write nivisin Q^^/nivisandin vf.;
writer nivfsk’ar jlSl^k/nivisevan m.;
torevan I jlSojpr m.; w§jevan m.
writing nivisar I jL^a3 /.
wrong: (incorrect) xelet oJ^; §a§ I jiU; neTast
o—l j^J; gewt ; -to be ~ §a§ bhn vi.
wrongness neTasti ( jlJ\£
jAi vi.
m.;
worship ebabeti ^^L^ £
845
to yank: (pull, as a rope) teqil ledan ^IaLI Jsoj vt.
yard: (in front of house) bermal JLj<y f.
yam: (woolen ~) ris m.
yard: (courtyard) Kew§ f.
yawn bawi§k ciL^b f.
to yawn baw!§k hatin ^UcJ^b; bawi§kin c j^£i 3 b
vi.] behnijin vi.; henijin vi.;
year sal JL salewext f.; -for years (for a
long time) ji m£j ve ** j; zfida 1 -year
before last = two years ago perar j\ -[x] y.s
old sali
to yearn for (to long for) m£la fk-t/ft-t kirin
/k’i§andin ^ Yl-* vt.
yearning (for): hesret oo>*^ (homesickness) b£ri
H £
yeast heven m.; hevirtir§ Jim.
to yell zirin vi.
to yell at l£xurin vi.
yellow zer joj ; qig’ik
yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon pratensis) siping
eiCwwtu f./lll.
yellowjacket: (wasp) moza qirtik j 1 _£-*• f.
yellowness zeri III j /; qig’ikay! /.
•• H
to yelp kastekast kirin vt.
yelping gele-gel ; gewte-gewt
gele-gel (F); ewte’ewt f.\
kastekast reyin I c ^>oj
kflzkfiz f .
yes held er£
«#
yesterday dihi -day before ~ p£r ^
yesterday evening §ev£di ^aIsaa ; doh
§var£ aJj
yet h@ ; hila II ‘l*
Yezidi fizidi m./adj.; Dasinf m.;
M M
k’iriv Jj/j]].
to yield: (give in, cede) daxwarin vt.
yoghurt mast m.; qat’ix ^yts m.;
-strained ~ toraq (jjljp* t
yoke nir I -m.; (for carrying buckets) qeynt’er
dji f.
—^ M
to yoke (oxen) qo§ kirin vt.
yolk zerik II Jjoj /.
you (singular) tu I^j; te <*j; (plural) hfin we o 3
young (adj.) cahil /ciK£lJl» ; ciwan ;
xort o; (inexperienced) nezan j<o ;
na§i ^b; (of siblings) g’dk II
(green, flexible) ter j*o;
-too ~ to die nestele
young (n.) (of animal) g’ejik m./f.; t£jik J £3 f.\
cewr m./f.\ (of birds) cticik m./f\
g’elik JLJ«^ m.; (of gazelle) xif§ JJ&. f
young man xort oj]i m.; ciwan m.\ tol I <Jp
m.; tolaz jVp m.
youngest (n.): (~ child) binhemban m.&f.;
pa§landik Jjj^b m.&f.
youngster (teenager) na§! ^b m.
your (singular) te <o*; (plural) we
your honor (title of respect) cenab v b«\o. m.
yourself xwe oy*.
yourselves xwe
youth: (young age) cahili C5 i*b> ciwan! I f\
xortan! (beauty of youth) reng H TU
_ 33 jj Sjq j m.; (young man) xort
tol I Jp m.; tolaz m.
youthfulness xortan! ^bgi. f.
z
Zaza Dimili
zeal xiret £; jfrayi ^ ^ £
zodiac: -sign of the ~ birc^j f.
zoo bax§ teva m. [baxe taba
4b (^41;
zucchini kundir f./xn.; gindor f.;
kulind aJjTxq.; (unripe ~) xirtik I
zurla zime <ojj f.
zurna zime aj jj f.
zurna player zimabSj m.
Yale Language Series
Dictionary
Kurdish-English Dictionary
MICHAEL L. CHYET
with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz
M ichael L. Chyet, renowned for his
extensive knowledge of the major
dialects of Kurdish, provides a thor¬
ough documentation of the current
state of knowledge about the lexicon of the
Kurdish language. Chyet's dictionary focuses on
modern use of the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish,
which is spoken in Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, and
parts of the former Soviet Union. It is the most
comprehensive Kurmanji-English volume ever
composed. Dictionary entries are extensive and
include:
• Detailed etymologies
• Multiple meanings
• Variant forms
• Sample sentences
• Synonyms and inflections
These materials will make the volume an invalu¬
able reference for linguists as well as for histori¬
ans, anthropologists, folklorists, and ethnolo¬
gists.
'This is not an ordinary dictionary. It is extraordi¬
nary. It is the first and only comprehensive sum-
up of two centuries of Western and Middle
Eastern scholarship on the Kurmanji dialect of
Kurdish, spoken by the majority of Kurds, and
one of the most repressed languages of the
world."—Amir Hassanpour, University of
Toronto
Michael L. Chyet is cataloger of Middle Eastern
languages at the Library of Congress. Formerly
he was senior editor of the Kurdish Service of
the Voice of America and professor of Kurdish
at the University of Paris and at the Washington
Kurdish Institute.
Printed in the U.S.A.
ISBN 0-300-09152-4
New Haven and London
yalebooks.com
9 ‘780300
091526
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